diff --git a/.claude/settings.json b/.claude/settings.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..92706fed20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.claude/settings.json
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+{
+  "hooks": {
+    "SessionStart": [
+      {
+        "hooks": [
+          {
+            "type": "command",
+            "command": "d=\"${CLAUDE_PROJECT_DIR:-.}\"; [ -x \"$d/venv/bin/python\" ] || { mkdir -p \"$d/.temp\"; env -u VIRTUAL_ENV \"$d/script/setup\" >\"$d/.temp/setup.log\" 2>&1 || echo '{\"systemMessage\":\"script/setup failed; see .temp/setup.log\"}'; }",
+            "statusMessage": "Setting up dev environment (script/setup)...",
+            "timeout": 900
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
diff --git a/.github/actions/cache-clang-tidy-idedata/action.yml b/.github/actions/cache-clang-tidy-idedata/action.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..18f3c2b31a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/actions/cache-clang-tidy-idedata/action.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+name: Cache clang-tidy idedata
+description: >
+  Cache the clang-tidy idedata and the headers it references under .temp
+  (headers only, about 30MB per env). Run after restore-python and cache-esp-idf.
+inputs:
+  environment:
+    description: 'clang-tidy environment (e.g. esp32-idf-tidy).'
+    required: true
+runs:
+  using: composite
+  steps:
+    - name: Compute cache key
+      id: key
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        . venv/bin/activate
+        [ -n "${{ inputs.environment }}" ] || { echo "::error::cache-clang-tidy-idedata: 'environment' input is empty"; exit 1; }
+        hash=$(python -c 'import sys; sys.path.insert(0, "script"); from clang_tidy_hash import idedata_cache_hash; print(idedata_cache_hash("${{ inputs.environment }}"))')
+        pyver=$(python -c 'import platform; print(platform.python_version())')
+        # Generating idedata is what installs ESP-IDF; never skip it over a missing
+        # install. This also skips the save, so a dev run that installs ESP-IDF
+        # warms the idedata cache on the next run.
+        if [ -d ~/.esphome-idf/frameworks ]; then
+          echo "skip=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+        else
+          echo "ESP-IDF install missing, not using the clang-tidy idedata cache"
+          echo "skip=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+        fi
+        echo "key=${{ runner.os }}-tidy-idedata-${{ inputs.environment }}-$hash-py$pyver" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+        {
+          echo "path<<EOF"
+          printf '%s\n' '.temp/idedata-*.json' '.temp/idedata-*.hash'
+          printf '.temp/**/*.%s\n' h hpp hh hxx inc inl ipp tpp
+          echo "EOF"
+        } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+    # Mirror cache-esp-idf: write on dev, restore-only on PRs. The post-step
+    # save only runs when the job succeeded, so a failed generation is never saved.
+    # Extend the extension list if a component ships extensionless headers.
+    - name: Cache clang-tidy idedata (write on dev)
+      if: (github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev' || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'ci-cache-write')) && steps.key.outputs.skip != 'true'
+      uses: actions/cache@55cc8345863c7cc4c66a329aec7e433d2d1c52a9 # v6.1.0
+      with:
+        path: ${{ steps.key.outputs.path }}
+        key: ${{ steps.key.outputs.key }}
+    - name: Cache clang-tidy idedata (restore-only off dev)
+      if: github.ref != 'refs/heads/dev' && !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'ci-cache-write') && steps.key.outputs.skip != 'true'
+      uses: actions/cache/restore@55cc8345863c7cc4c66a329aec7e433d2d1c52a9 # v6.1.0
+      with:
+        path: ${{ steps.key.outputs.path }}
+        key: ${{ steps.key.outputs.key }}
diff --git a/.github/actions/cache-esp-idf/action.yml b/.github/actions/cache-esp-idf/action.yml
index b884e1e4c6..38bcc80eb6 100644
--- a/.github/actions/cache-esp-idf/action.yml
+++ b/.github/actions/cache-esp-idf/action.yml
@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@ runs:
       # The native-IDF version is pinned in code, not in any file that feeds the
       # other cache keys, so resolve it explicitly. Keying on it means the cache
       # invalidates on a version bump (actions/cache never overwrites a key).
+      # Also key on the Python version: the cached IDF venv links to the
+      # runner's toolcache interpreter and is reinstalled every run after a
+      # runner image bump.
       id: version
       shell: bash
       run: |
@@ -36,19 +39,32 @@ runs:
           version=$(python -c 'from esphome.components.esp32 import ESP_IDF_FRAMEWORK_VERSION_LOOKUP as L; print(L["recommended"])')
         fi
         echo "version=$version" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+        echo "python-version=$(python -c 'import platform; print(platform.python_version())')" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
     # Mirror the adjacent PlatformIO cache: only dev-branch runs write the
     # shared cache (so it lives in the default-branch scope readable by all
     # PRs), and PRs are restore-only -- they never push multi-GB artifacts into
-    # their own scope / the repo quota (e.g. on a version-bump PR).
+    # their own scope / the repo quota (e.g. on a version-bump PR). The
+    # ci-cache-write label lets a PR write into its own scope to test the hit path;
+    # that costs about 1GB of the repo cache quota per run, so remove it when done.
+    # -slim: bump when prune-esp-idf changes what it removes; a key is never overwritten.
     - name: Cache ESP-IDF install (write on dev)
-      if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev' && inputs.restore-only != 'true'
+      if: (github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev' || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'ci-cache-write')) && inputs.restore-only != 'true'
       uses: actions/cache@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
       with:
         path: ~/.esphome-idf
-        key: ${{ runner.os }}-esphome-idf-${{ steps.version.outputs.version }}
+        key: ${{ runner.os }}-esphome-idf-${{ steps.version.outputs.version }}-py${{ steps.version.outputs.python-version }}-slim
     - name: Cache ESP-IDF install (restore-only off dev)
-      if: github.ref != 'refs/heads/dev' || inputs.restore-only == 'true'
+      if: github.ref != 'refs/heads/dev' && !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'ci-cache-write') || inputs.restore-only == 'true'
       uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
       with:
         path: ~/.esphome-idf
-        key: ${{ runner.os }}-esphome-idf-${{ steps.version.outputs.version }}
+        key: ${{ runner.os }}-esphome-idf-${{ steps.version.outputs.version }}-py${{ steps.version.outputs.python-version }}-slim
+    # Install explicitly so the prune below sees the toolchains on a cache miss
+    # too, instead of the install happening inside the first build step.
+    - name: Install ESP-IDF
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        . venv/bin/activate
+        python -c 'from esphome.espidf.framework import check_esp_idf_install; check_esp_idf_install("${{ steps.version.outputs.version }}")'
+    - name: Prune ESP-IDF install
+      uses: ./.github/actions/prune-esp-idf
diff --git a/.github/actions/prune-esp-idf/action.yml b/.github/actions/prune-esp-idf/action.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e0e7c5bd4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/actions/prune-esp-idf/action.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+name: Prune ESP-IDF install
+description: >
+  Remove the picolibc sysroots (1.1GB of the 3.9GB install) from the native
+  ESP-IDF toolchains; IDF 5.x links newlib. Skipped when an IDF 6 install is
+  present, which links picolibc (see esp32/__init__.py).
+runs:
+  using: composite
+  steps:
+    - name: Prune picolibc
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        shopt -s nullglob
+        prefix="${ESPHOME_ESP_IDF_PREFIX:-$HOME/.esphome-idf}"
+        prefix="${prefix/#\~/$HOME}"
+        for fw in "$prefix"/frameworks/*/; do
+          case "$(basename "$fw")" in
+            [6-9].*) echo "IDF $(basename "$fw") installed, keeping picolibc"; exit 0 ;;
+          esac
+        done
+        n=0
+        for dir in "$prefix"/tools/*-esp-elf/*/*-esp-elf/picolibc; do
+          echo "Removing $dir ($(du -sh "$dir" | cut -f1))"
+          rm -rf "$dir"
+          n=$((n + 1))
+        done
+        # The marker rides along in the cache entry so a restored slim tree stays quiet.
+        if [ "$n" -gt 0 ]; then
+          touch "$prefix/.picolibc-pruned"
+        elif [ -d "$prefix/tools" ] && [ ! -f "$prefix/.picolibc-pruned" ]; then
+          echo "::warning::no picolibc sysroots matched under $prefix/tools"
+        fi
+        if [ -d "$prefix" ]; then
+          du -sh "$prefix"
+        fi
diff --git a/.github/actions/restore-python/action.yml b/.github/actions/restore-python/action.yml
index daf041819c..ce14b0152a 100644
--- a/.github/actions/restore-python/action.yml
+++ b/.github/actions/restore-python/action.yml
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ runs:
       # detects the activated venv via ``VIRTUAL_ENV`` so the venv layout
       # downstream jobs rely on is preserved.
       if: steps.cache-venv.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-      uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@c771a70e6277c0a99b617c7a806ffedaca235ff9 # v9.0.0
+      uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@20cfd1bf945f4377ade1205e4dbc17946fc9a30d # v10.0.1
       with:
         enable-cache: true
         # Pull request saves land in per-PR scopes nothing else can
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ runs:
         python -m venv venv
         source venv/bin/activate
         python --version
-        uv pip install -r requirements.txt -r requirements_test.txt
+        uv pip install -r requirements.txt -r requirements_dev.txt -r requirements_test.txt
         uv pip install -e .
     - name: Create Python virtual environment
       if: steps.cache-venv.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' && runner.os == 'Windows'
@@ -58,5 +58,5 @@ runs:
         python -m venv venv
         source ./venv/Scripts/activate
         python --version
-        uv pip install -r requirements.txt -r requirements_test.txt
+        uv pip install -r requirements.txt -r requirements_dev.txt -r requirements_test.txt
         uv pip install -e .
diff --git a/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/detectors.js b/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/detectors.js
index bb85ccd681..1d76c18be8 100644
--- a/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/detectors.js
+++ b/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/detectors.js
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ async function isStackedPr(github, context) {
 async function detectMergeBranch(github, context) {
   const labels = new Set();
   const baseRef = context.payload.pull_request.base.ref;
+  const defaultBranch = context.payload.repository.default_branch;
 
   if (baseRef === 'release') {
     labels.add('merging-to-release');
@@ -78,7 +79,7 @@ async function detectMergeBranch(github, context) {
   } else if (await isStackedPr(github, context)) {
     // GitHub manages the merge order for a stack, so these are not blocked.
     labels.add('stacked-pr');
-  } else if (baseRef !== 'dev') {
+  } else if (baseRef !== defaultBranch) {
     // A chain built by hand: it must not merge until its base branch does.
     labels.add('chained-pr');
   }
diff --git a/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/tests/detectors.test.js b/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/tests/detectors.test.js
index f30ceff8c1..be239e2f1b 100644
--- a/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/tests/detectors.test.js
+++ b/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/tests/detectors.test.js
@@ -43,14 +43,14 @@ const WITHOUT_SCHEMA = 'CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]';
 
 // Builds a fresh context for detectMergeBranch tests instead of mutating the
 // shared CONTEXT fixture above (which other describe blocks rely on).
-function makeMergeContext(baseRef, { stack } = {}) {
+function makeMergeContext(baseRef, { stack, defaultBranch = 'dev' } = {}) {
   const pull_request = { number: 1, base: { ref: baseRef } };
   if (stack !== undefined) {
     pull_request.stack = stack;
   }
   return {
     repo: { owner: 'esphome', repo: 'esphome' },
-    payload: { pull_request }
+    payload: { pull_request, repository: { default_branch: defaultBranch } }
   };
 }
 
@@ -136,6 +136,21 @@ describe('detectMergeBranch', () => {
     assert.deepEqual(Array.from(labels).sort(), ['chained-pr']);
     assert.equal(state.calls, 1);
   });
+
+  it('base ref matches default branch adds no labels', async () => {
+    const { github } = makeStackGithub({ stack: null });
+    const context = makeMergeContext('other', { defaultBranch: 'other' });
+    const labels = await detectMergeBranch(github, context);
+    assert.deepEqual(Array.from(labels).sort(), []);
+  });
+
+  it('base ref dev when the default branch is main adds chained-pr', async () => {
+    const { github } = makeStackGithub({ stack: null });
+    const context = makeMergeContext('dev', { defaultBranch: 'main' });
+    const labels = await detectMergeBranch(github, context);
+    assert.deepEqual(Array.from(labels).sort(), ['chained-pr']);
+  });
+
 });
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci-api-proto.yml b/.github/workflows/ci-api-proto.yml
index 820081cc46..63219a1dbc 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci-api-proto.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci-api-proto.yml
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set up uv
         # ``--system`` (below) installs into the setup-python interpreter;
         # no venv is created or restored by this workflow.
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@c771a70e6277c0a99b617c7a806ffedaca235ff9 # v9.0.0
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@20cfd1bf945f4377ade1205e4dbc17946fc9a30d # v10.0.1
         with:
           enable-cache: true
           # Pull-request-only workflow: a save could never be shared and
@@ -41,10 +41,32 @@ jobs:
           version: "0.11.15"
 
       - name: Install apt dependencies
+        # PR-only workflow, so nothing on dev could seed a shared apt cache
+        # entry; the cached apt action would save one copy per PR. Plain apt
+        # with every call bounded: the apt.conf.d timeouts make a dead
+        # mirror fail over in seconds, and timeout runs under sudo so it can
+        # kill apt-get itself. Install without update first: image lists are
+        # fresh, and the index refresh is what a congested mirror makes slow.
+        timeout-minutes: 15
         run: |
-          sudo apt update
-          sudo apt-cache show protobuf-compiler
-          sudo apt install -y protobuf-compiler
+          sudo tee /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99ci-acquire-timeouts >/dev/null <<'EOF'
+          Acquire::Retries "1";
+          Acquire::http::Timeout "15";
+          Acquire::https::Timeout "15";
+          EOF
+          # Common path: the image's package lists are fresh enough.
+          if sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive timeout -k 15 90 \
+              apt-get install -y protobuf-compiler; then
+            protoc --version
+            exit 0
+          fi
+          # Rescue path: refresh the lists once with a generous bound; the
+          # apt config already fails a stalled mirror over quickly.
+          sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive timeout -k 10 30 \
+            dpkg --configure -a || true
+          sudo timeout -k 15 300 apt-get update
+          sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive timeout -k 15 300 \
+            apt-get install -y protobuf-compiler
           protoc --version
       - name: Install python dependencies
         run: uv pip install --system aioesphomeapi -c requirements.txt -r requirements_dev.txt
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci-docker.yml b/.github/workflows/ci-docker.yml
index 71dedd65aa..829bdd5f98 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci-docker.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci-docker.yml
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           python-version: "3.12"
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@bb05f3f5519dd87d3ba754cc423b652a5edd6d2c # v4.2.0
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@37fe631027851001ddb9b187196cc803df7f5f0e # v4.3.0
 
       - name: Determine tag and whether to push
         id: tag
@@ -119,16 +119,22 @@ jobs:
       # pushed image) keeps it working for fork PRs, which never push to ghcr.io.
       - name: Export image for compile-test
         if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-24.04' && matrix.build_type == 'docker'
-        run: docker save "ghcr.io/esphome/esphome-amd64:${{ steps.tag.outputs.tag }}" | gzip > compile-test-image.tar.gz
+        # zstd over gzip: docker save is on the critical path for every
+        # compile-test job, and zstd -T0 is multithreaded (export 50s -> 9s).
+        # docker load auto-detects the format; its time is layer extraction,
+        # not decompression, so it is unchanged. shell: bash adds pipefail so
+        # a failed docker save cannot upload a truncated artifact.
+        shell: bash
+        run: docker save "ghcr.io/esphome/esphome-amd64:${{ steps.tag.outputs.tag }}" | zstd -T0 -3 > compile-test-image.tar.zst
 
       - name: Upload compile-test image artifact
         if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-24.04' && matrix.build_type == 'docker'
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
-          # The tar is already gzipped, so upload it as-is. archive: false skips
-          # the redundant zip and makes the file name the artifact name (the
-          # `name` input is ignored in that mode).
-          path: compile-test-image.tar.gz
+          # The tar is already compressed, so upload it as-is. archive: false
+          # skips the redundant zip and makes the file name the artifact name
+          # (the `name` input is ignored in that mode).
+          path: compile-test-image.tar.zst
           retention-days: 1
           archive: false
 
@@ -153,7 +159,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           python-version: "3.12"
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@bb05f3f5519dd87d3ba754cc423b652a5edd6d2c # v4.2.0
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@37fe631027851001ddb9b187196cc803df7f5f0e # v4.3.0
 
       - name: Log in to the GitHub container registry
         uses: docker/login-action@dbcb813823bdd20940b903addbd779551569679f # v4.6.0
@@ -182,8 +188,6 @@ jobs:
       contents: read  # actions/checkout to load the test configs
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      # Modest cap so this smoke test leaves room on the shared runner pool.
-      max-parallel: 8
       matrix:
         # One entry per distinct toolchain. ESP32 variants (c3/c6/s2/s3/p4)
         # share a toolchain bundle, so esp32 is exercised on the base variant
@@ -208,9 +212,9 @@ jobs:
       - name: Download image artifact
         uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
         with:
-          name: compile-test-image.tar.gz
+          name: compile-test-image.tar.zst
       - name: Load image
-        run: docker load --input compile-test-image.tar.gz
+        run: docker load --input compile-test-image.tar.zst
       - name: Compile ${{ matrix.id }}
         run: |
           docker run --rm \
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 735ba73c99..a874a023b9 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ jobs:
         # detects the activated venv via ``VIRTUAL_ENV`` so downstream jobs
         # that ``. venv/bin/activate`` see an identical layout.
         if: steps.cache-venv.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@c771a70e6277c0a99b617c7a806ffedaca235ff9 # v9.0.0
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@20cfd1bf945f4377ade1205e4dbc17946fc9a30d # v10.0.1
         with:
           enable-cache: true
           # Pull request saves land in per-PR scopes nothing else can
@@ -68,6 +68,22 @@ jobs:
           uv pip install -r requirements.txt -r requirements_dev.txt -r requirements_test.txt
           uv pip install -e .
 
+  seed-apt-cache:
+    name: Seed apt package cache
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    # PR-branch cache saves are invisible to other PRs, so dev/beta/release
+    # pushes seed the one shared entry PR jobs restore. The key is derived
+    # only from the package list and version; keep both identical in every
+    # step that restores it. In ci-status needs so a broken seed fails dev.
+    if: github.event_name == 'push'
+    timeout-minutes: 10
+    steps:
+      - name: Install apt packages (cached)
+        uses: awalsh128/cache-apt-pkgs-action@553a35bb8ebd9fcabcb1c9451aa4c98e1b4ca8a9 # v1.6.3
+        with:
+          packages: libsdl2-dev ccache
+          version: 1.1
+
   determine-jobs:
     name: Determine which jobs to run
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
@@ -76,6 +92,7 @@ jobs:
     outputs:
       core-ci: ${{ steps.determine.outputs.core-ci }}
       integration-tests: ${{ steps.determine.outputs.integration-tests }}
+      integration-run-all: ${{ steps.determine.outputs.integration-run-all }}
       integration-test-buckets: ${{ steps.determine.outputs.integration-test-buckets }}
       clang-tidy: ${{ steps.determine.outputs.clang-tidy }}
       clang-tidy-mode: ${{ steps.determine.outputs.clang-tidy-mode }}
@@ -96,6 +113,12 @@ jobs:
       component-test-batches: ${{ steps.determine.outputs.component-test-batches }}
       validate-only-components: ${{ steps.determine.outputs.validate-only-components }}
       benchmarks: ${{ steps.determine.outputs.benchmarks }}
+      # "true" when this run is a pull request into one of the release
+      # branches. Those pull requests are batches of changes already tested on
+      # their original dev pull requests, so several jobs below trade coverage
+      # for turnaround time on them. Matched exactly, not by prefix, so an
+      # ordinary branch named e.g. "release-notes" is not caught by it.
+      release-pr: ${{ github.base_ref == 'beta' || github.base_ref == 'release' }}
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
         uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
@@ -130,6 +153,9 @@ jobs:
           # Extract individual fields
           echo "core-ci=$(echo "$output" | jq -r '.core_ci')" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
           echo "integration-tests=$(echo "$output" | jq -r '.integration_tests')" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          # A missing key must fail here, not silently disable the junit upload
+          run_all=$(echo "$output" | jq -r 'if has("integration_run_all") then .integration_run_all else error("integration_run_all missing") end')
+          echo "integration-run-all=${run_all}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
           echo "integration-test-buckets=$(echo "$output" | jq -c '.integration_test_buckets')" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
           echo "clang-tidy=$(echo "$output" | jq -r '.clang_tidy')" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
           echo "clang-tidy-mode=$(echo "$output" | jq -r '.clang_tidy_mode')" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
@@ -179,6 +205,7 @@ jobs:
           . venv/bin/activate
           script/ci-custom.py
           script/build_codeowners.py --check
+          script/build_alias_registry.py --check
           script/build_language_schema.py --check
           script/generate-esp32-boards.py --check
           script/generate-rp2-boards.py --check
@@ -213,7 +240,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     needs:
       - determine-jobs
-    if: github.event_name == 'pull_request' && !startsWith(github.base_ref, 'beta') && !startsWith(github.base_ref, 'release') && needs.determine-jobs.outputs.core-ci == 'true'
+    if: github.event_name == 'pull_request' && needs.determine-jobs.outputs.release-pr == 'false' && needs.determine-jobs.outputs.core-ci == 'true'
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
         uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
@@ -322,7 +349,8 @@ jobs:
 
   integration-tests:
     name: Run integration tests (${{ matrix.bucket.name }})
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    # Must match seed-apt-cache's image: the apt cache key has no OS in it.
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     needs:
       - common
       - determine-jobs
@@ -331,32 +359,41 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         bucket: ${{ fromJson(needs.determine-jobs.outputs.integration-test-buckets) }}
+    env:
+      # What the cache steps persist; libdeps is excluded (keyed per xdist
+      # worker and env, it never crosses runs).
+      INTEGRATION_PIO_CACHE_PATH: |
+        ~/.esphome-integration-tests/platformio/platforms
+        ~/.esphome-integration-tests/platformio/packages
+        ~/.esphome-integration-tests/platformio/appstate.json
+        ~/.esphome-integration-tests/platformio/.cache
+        ~/.esphome-integration-tests/platformio/.esphome.pio.stamp.json
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
         uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
-      - name: Install ccache
-        # Speeds up the host compiles: tests in a bucket compile overlapping
-        # component sets, so later tests reuse earlier tests' objects.
-        run: |
-          sudo apt-get update -qq
-          sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends ccache
-      - name: Restore ccache (restore-only)
-        # esphome stores the PlatformIO ccache under the machine-global cache
-        # dir (see _ccache_env() in esphome/platformio/toolchain.py). The
-        # bucket-name prefix prefers a same-bucket seed; the bare prefix falls
-        # back to any seed when the bucket layout differs from dev.
-        uses: actions/cache/restore@55cc8345863c7cc4c66a329aec7e433d2d1c52a9 # v6.1.0
+      - name: Install apt packages (cached)
+        # ccache speeds up the host compiles. A cache hit never touches apt
+        # (mirror outages cannot hang the job); the timeout bounds the cold
+        # path. Packages and version must match seed-apt-cache exactly;
+        # libsdl2-dev is unused here and carried only for cache-key parity.
+        timeout-minutes: 10
+        uses: awalsh128/cache-apt-pkgs-action@553a35bb8ebd9fcabcb1c9451aa4c98e1b4ca8a9 # v1.6.3
         with:
-          path: ~/.cache/esphome/platformio-ccache
-          key: integration-ccache-${{ matrix.bucket.name }}-${{ github.sha }}
-          restore-keys: |
-            integration-ccache-${{ matrix.bucket.name }}-
-            integration-ccache-
+          packages: libsdl2-dev ccache
+          version: 1.1
       - name: Set up Python 3.13
         id: python
         uses: actions/setup-python@5fda3b95a4ea91299a34e894583c3862153e4b97 # v7.0.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.13"
+      - name: Restore integration PlatformIO cache
+        # Native platform + toolchain installed by shared_platformio_cache in
+        # tests/integration/conftest.py; a miss self-heals, so no restore-keys.
+        id: pio-cache
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@55cc8345863c7cc4c66a329aec7e433d2d1c52a9 # v6.1.0
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.INTEGRATION_PIO_CACHE_PATH }}
+          key: integration-pio-v1-${{ runner.os }}-py${{ steps.python.outputs.python-version }}-${{ hashFiles('requirements.txt', 'tests/integration/fixtures/cache_init.yaml', 'esphome/components/host/__init__.py') }}
       - name: Restore Python virtual environment
         id: cache-venv
         uses: actions/cache@55cc8345863c7cc4c66a329aec7e433d2d1c52a9 # v6.1.0
@@ -366,7 +403,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set up uv
         # Only needed on cache miss to populate the venv.
         if: steps.cache-venv.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@c771a70e6277c0a99b617c7a806ffedaca235ff9 # v9.0.0
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@20cfd1bf945f4377ade1205e4dbc17946fc9a30d # v10.0.1
         with:
           enable-cache: true
           # Pull request saves land in per-PR scopes nothing else can
@@ -394,20 +431,36 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           . venv/bin/activate
           mapfile -t test_files < <(echo "$BUCKET_TESTS" | jq -r '.[]')
+          if [ "${#test_files[@]}" -eq 0 ]; then
+            echo "::error::Empty integration test bucket; pytest would collect the whole tree"
+            exit 1
+          fi
           echo "Bucket ${{ matrix.bucket.name }}: running ${#test_files[@]} integration tests"
-          pytest -vv --no-cov --tb=native --durations=30 -n auto "${test_files[@]}"
+          pytest -vv --no-cov --tb=native --durations=30 -n auto --dist worksteal \
+            --junitxml=junit-integration.xml "${test_files[@]}"
+      - name: Upload junit timings
+        # Consumed by sync-integration-durations.yml through
+        # script/update_integration_test_durations.py; only full matrix dev
+        # runs produce usable data.
+        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev' && needs.determine-jobs.outputs.integration-run-all == 'true'
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: junit-integration-${{ strategy.job-index }}
+          path: junit-integration.xml
+          if-no-files-found: error
+          # A full cron period of margin for the weekly refresh
+          retention-days: 14
       - name: Print ccache statistics
         # esphome stores the PlatformIO ccache under the machine-global cache
         # dir (see _ccache_env() in esphome/platformio/toolchain.py).
         run: CCACHE_DIR="$HOME/.cache/esphome/platformio-ccache" ccache -s
-      - name: Save ccache
-        # Pull request saves land in per-PR scopes nothing else can reuse;
-        # dev pushes seed the shared copy instead.
-        if: github.event_name != 'pull_request'
+      - name: Save integration PlatformIO cache
+        # Bucket 0 only; the others would race the same immutable key.
+        if: success() && (github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev' || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'ci-cache-write')) && strategy.job-index == 0 && steps.pio-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
         uses: actions/cache/save@55cc8345863c7cc4c66a329aec7e433d2d1c52a9 # v6.1.0
         with:
-          path: ~/.cache/esphome/platformio-ccache
-          key: integration-ccache-${{ matrix.bucket.name }}-${{ github.sha }}
+          path: ${{ env.INTEGRATION_PIO_CACHE_PATH }}
+          key: ${{ steps.pio-cache.outputs.cache-primary-key }}
 
   import-time:
     name: Check import esphome.__main__ time
@@ -440,12 +493,28 @@ jobs:
   benchmarks:
     name: Run CodSpeed benchmarks
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    timeout-minutes: 30
     needs:
       - common
       - determine-jobs
     if: >-
-      (github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref_name == 'dev') ||
-      (github.event_name == 'pull_request' && needs.determine-jobs.outputs.benchmarks == 'true')
+      github.repository == 'esphome/esphome' && (
+        (github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref_name == 'dev') ||
+        (
+          github.event_name == 'pull_request' &&
+          needs.determine-jobs.outputs.release-pr == 'false' &&
+          needs.determine-jobs.outputs.benchmarks == 'true'
+        )
+      )
+    # CodSpeed benchmarks require a CodSpeed account linked to the repository to run
+    # (https://codspeed.io) -- disabled on forks that aren't esphome/esphome itself.
+    #
+    # Pull requests into beta and release are skipped as well. CodSpeed compares a
+    # pull request against the newest commit of its base branch that has a benchmark
+    # run of its own, and only dev is benchmarked. A release pull request therefore
+    # falls back to dev's latest run, so every speed-up merged into dev since the
+    # release branched is reported as a regression in the release. The changes there
+    # have already been benchmarked on their original dev pull requests.
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
         uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
@@ -459,14 +528,60 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build benchmarks
         id: build
         run: |
+          # pipefail: without it a failed build is masked by the grep/cut
+          # pipeline below, leaving BINARY empty and silently dropping every
+          # C++ benchmark from the run while the job still reports success.
+          set -o pipefail
           . venv/bin/activate
-          export BENCHMARK_LIB_CONFIG=$(python script/setup_codspeed_lib.py)
-          # --build-only prints BUILD_BINARY=<path> to stdout
-          BINARY=$(script/cpp_benchmark.py --all --build-only | grep '^BUILD_BINARY=' | tail -1 | cut -d= -f2-)
+          BENCHMARK_LIB_CONFIG=$(python script/setup_codspeed_lib.py)
+          export BENCHMARK_LIB_CONFIG
+          # --build-only prints BUILD_BINARY=<path> to stdout; the grep is
+          # non-fatal so a missing marker reaches the check below instead of
+          # tripping errexit at this assignment
+          BINARY=$(script/cpp_benchmark.py --all --build-only | { grep '^BUILD_BINARY=' || true; } | tail -1 | cut -d= -f2-)
+          if [ -z "$BINARY" ]; then
+            echo "::error::Benchmark build did not report a binary path"
+            exit 1
+          fi
           echo "binary=$BINARY" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
 
+      - name: Bound apt fetches and pre-install libc6-dbg
+        # The CodSpeed runner installs valgrind + libc6-dbg via its own
+        # unbounded apt-get update; per-invocation apt options cannot reach
+        # it. The apt.conf.d timeouts below bound every later apt call in
+        # this job, the runner's included. Pre-installing libc6-dbg lets the
+        # runner skip apt once its valgrind cache is restored (it checks
+        # ``dpkg -s libc6-dbg``, so the cache action's unregistered restores
+        # would not count). Install without update first: image lists are
+        # fresh, and the index refresh is what a congested mirror makes
+        # slow. Best effort; the job timeout is the last backstop.
+        timeout-minutes: 15
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: |
+          sudo tee /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99ci-acquire-timeouts >/dev/null <<'EOF'
+          Acquire::Retries "1";
+          Acquire::http::Timeout "15";
+          Acquire::https::Timeout "15";
+          EOF
+          if dpkg -s libc6-dbg >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+            echo "libc6-dbg already installed"
+            exit 0
+          fi
+          # Common path: the image's package lists are fresh enough.
+          if sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive timeout -k 15 90 \
+              apt-get install -y libc6-dbg; then
+            exit 0
+          fi
+          # Rescue path: refresh the lists once with a generous bound; the
+          # apt config already fails a stalled mirror over quickly.
+          sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive timeout -k 10 30 \
+            dpkg --configure -a || true
+          sudo timeout -k 15 300 apt-get update
+          sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive timeout -k 15 300 \
+            apt-get install -y libc6-dbg
+
       - name: Run CodSpeed benchmarks
-        uses: CodSpeedHQ/action@0ca9cbbf4623b599a6c3ed4fc8a922942705d9f1 # v5.0.2
+        uses: CodSpeedHQ/action@373d6868929f444bc08d901fd0eb0ad52a8875ea # v5.2.1
         with:
           run: |
             . venv/bin/activate
@@ -549,24 +664,29 @@ jobs:
           fetch-depth: 2
 
       - name: Restore Python
+        id: restore-python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
         with:
           python-version: ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
           cache-key: ${{ needs.common.outputs.cache-key }}
 
+      # Key on the exact Python version as well: LibreTiny creates a venv under
+      # ~/.platformio/penv whose interpreter is a symlink into the runner's
+      # hosted toolcache, so a cache saved on an older runner image breaks once
+      # a new image ships a newer patch release and drops the old interpreter.
       - name: Cache platformio
         if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev' && matrix.pio_cache_key
         uses: actions/cache@55cc8345863c7cc4c66a329aec7e433d2d1c52a9 # v6.1.0
         with:
           path: ~/.platformio
-          key: platformio-${{ matrix.pio_cache_key }}-${{ hashFiles('platformio.ini') }}
+          key: platformio-${{ matrix.pio_cache_key }}-${{ steps.restore-python.outputs.python-version }}-${{ hashFiles('platformio.ini') }}
 
       - name: Cache platformio
         if: github.ref != 'refs/heads/dev' && matrix.pio_cache_key
         uses: actions/cache/restore@55cc8345863c7cc4c66a329aec7e433d2d1c52a9 # v6.1.0
         with:
           path: ~/.platformio
-          key: platformio-${{ matrix.pio_cache_key }}-${{ hashFiles('platformio.ini') }}
+          key: platformio-${{ matrix.pio_cache_key }}-${{ steps.restore-python.outputs.python-version }}-${{ hashFiles('platformio.ini') }}
 
       - name: Cache ESP-IDF install
         if: matrix.cache_idf
@@ -574,6 +694,12 @@ jobs:
         with:
           framework: arduino
 
+      - name: Cache clang-tidy idedata
+        if: matrix.cache_idf
+        uses: ./.github/actions/cache-clang-tidy-idedata
+        with:
+          environment: esp32-arduino-tidy
+
       - name: Cache nRF Connect SDK install
         if: matrix.cache_sdk_nrf
         uses: ./.github/actions/cache-sdk-nrf
@@ -623,6 +749,10 @@ jobs:
           # Also cache libdeps, store them in a ~/.platformio subfolder
           PLATFORMIO_LIBDEPS_DIR: ~/.platformio/libdeps
 
+      - name: Prune ESP-IDF install before cache save
+        if: matrix.cache_idf && (github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev' || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'ci-cache-write'))
+        uses: ./.github/actions/prune-esp-idf
+
       - name: Suggested changes
         run: script/ci-suggest-changes ${{ matrix.ignore_errors && '|| true' || '' }}
         # yamllint disable-line rule:line-length
@@ -655,6 +785,11 @@ jobs:
       - name: Cache ESP-IDF install
         uses: ./.github/actions/cache-esp-idf
 
+      - name: Cache clang-tidy idedata
+        uses: ./.github/actions/cache-clang-tidy-idedata
+        with:
+          environment: esp32-idf-tidy
+
       - name: Register problem matchers
         run: |
           echo "::add-matcher::.github/workflows/matchers/gcc.json"
@@ -689,6 +824,10 @@ jobs:
           # Also cache libdeps, store them in a ~/.platformio subfolder
           PLATFORMIO_LIBDEPS_DIR: ~/.platformio/libdeps
 
+      - name: Prune ESP-IDF install before cache save
+        if: (github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev' || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'ci-cache-write'))
+        uses: ./.github/actions/prune-esp-idf
+
       - name: Suggested changes
         run: script/ci-suggest-changes
         if: always()
@@ -734,6 +873,11 @@ jobs:
       - name: Cache ESP-IDF install
         uses: ./.github/actions/cache-esp-idf
 
+      - name: Cache clang-tidy idedata
+        uses: ./.github/actions/cache-clang-tidy-idedata
+        with:
+          environment: esp32-idf-tidy
+
       - name: Register problem matchers
         run: |
           echo "::add-matcher::.github/workflows/matchers/gcc.json"
@@ -768,6 +912,10 @@ jobs:
           # Also cache libdeps, store them in a ~/.platformio subfolder
           PLATFORMIO_LIBDEPS_DIR: ~/.platformio/libdeps
 
+      - name: Prune ESP-IDF install before cache save
+        if: (github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev' || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'ci-cache-write'))
+        uses: ./.github/actions/prune-esp-idf
+
       - name: Suggested changes
         run: script/ci-suggest-changes
         if: always()
@@ -791,16 +939,19 @@ jobs:
             name: Run script/clang-tidy for ESP32 S3
             # yamllint disable-line rule:line-length
             options: --environment esp32s3-idf-tidy --grep SOC_TEMP_SENSOR_SUPPORTED --grep USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3 --grep USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC
+            tidy_environment: esp32s3-idf-tidy
           - id: clang-tidy
             name: Run script/clang-tidy for ESP32 P4
             # P4 has no native Wi-Fi/BLE; those run over the hosted co-processor,
             # so their code paths differ -- lint them under the P4 build too.
             # yamllint disable-line rule:line-length
             options: --environment esp32p4-idf-tidy --grep USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4 --grep USE_ESP32_HOSTED --grep USE_WIFI --grep USE_BLE
+            tidy_environment: esp32p4-idf-tidy
           - id: clang-tidy
             name: Run script/clang-tidy for ESP32 C6
             # yamllint disable-line rule:line-length
             options: --environment esp32c6-idf-tidy --grep SOC_LP_I2C_SUPPORTED --grep USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6 --grep USE_OPENTHREAD --grep USE_ZIGBEE
+            tidy_environment: esp32c6-idf-tidy
 
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
@@ -818,6 +969,11 @@ jobs:
       - name: Cache ESP-IDF install
         uses: ./.github/actions/cache-esp-idf
 
+      - name: Cache clang-tidy idedata
+        uses: ./.github/actions/cache-clang-tidy-idedata
+        with:
+          environment: ${{ matrix.tidy_environment }}
+
       - name: Register problem matchers
         run: |
           echo "::add-matcher::.github/workflows/matchers/gcc.json"
@@ -851,6 +1007,10 @@ jobs:
             script/clang-tidy --fix --changed ${{ matrix.options }}
           fi
 
+      - name: Prune ESP-IDF install before cache save
+        if: (github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev' || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'ci-cache-write'))
+        uses: ./.github/actions/prune-esp-idf
+
       - name: Suggested changes
         run: script/ci-suggest-changes
         if: always()
@@ -871,7 +1031,6 @@ jobs:
       ESPHOME_SDK_NRF_PREFIX: ~/.esphome-sdk-nrf
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      max-parallel: ${{ (startsWith(github.base_ref, 'beta') || startsWith(github.base_ref, 'release')) && 32 || 16 }}
       matrix:
         batch: ${{ fromJson(needs.determine-jobs.outputs.component-test-batches) }}
     steps:
@@ -883,12 +1042,17 @@ jobs:
       - name: List components
         run: echo ${{ matrix.batch.components }}
 
-      - name: Install apt packages
-        # Not cached: this job is pull-request-only, so a cache save could
-        # never be shared and would only consume quota.
-        run: |
-          sudo apt-get update -qq
-          sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends libsdl2-dev ccache
+      - name: Install apt packages (cached)
+        # A cache hit (seeded on dev by seed-apt-cache) never touches apt,
+        # so mirror outages cannot hang this PR-only job; the timeout bounds
+        # the cold path. Packages and version must match seed-apt-cache
+        # exactly. The action has no --no-install-recommends; same package
+        # set this job used before #17463.
+        timeout-minutes: 10
+        uses: awalsh128/cache-apt-pkgs-action@553a35bb8ebd9fcabcb1c9451aa4c98e1b4ca8a9 # v1.6.3
+        with:
+          packages: libsdl2-dev ccache
+          version: 1.1
 
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
         uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
@@ -953,7 +1117,7 @@ jobs:
           # - This catches pin conflicts and other issues in directly changed code
           # - Grouped tests use --testing-mode to allow config merging (disables some checks)
           # - Dependencies are safe to group since they weren't modified in this PR
-          if [[ "${{ github.base_ref }}" == beta* ]] || [[ "${{ github.base_ref }}" == release* ]]; then
+          if [[ "${{ needs.determine-jobs.outputs.release-pr }}" == "true" ]]; then
             directly_changed_csv=""
             echo "Testing components: $components_csv"
             echo "Target branch: ${{ github.base_ref }} - grouping all components"
@@ -1090,7 +1254,7 @@ jobs:
         # install step (order-of-magnitude faster on cold boots,
         # with its own wheel cache). actions/setup-python still
         # provides the interpreter.
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@c771a70e6277c0a99b617c7a806ffedaca235ff9 # v9.0.0
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@20cfd1bf945f4377ade1205e4dbc17946fc9a30d # v10.0.1
         with:
           enable-cache: true
           # Pull request saves land in per-PR scopes nothing else can
@@ -1423,6 +1587,7 @@ jobs:
     # this check.
     needs:
       - common
+      - seed-apt-cache
       - determine-jobs
       - ci-custom
       - pylint
diff --git a/.github/workflows/codeql.yml b/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
index 2751529222..aab3dea592 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ jobs:
 
       # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
       - name: Initialize CodeQL
-        uses: github/codeql-action/init@d1ba80a13dd99fba24a470575428917156a28b43 # v4.37.5
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@cdf488f595d80d6e07e03d4674febd5ab45fa938 # v4.37.9
         with:
           languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
           build-mode: ${{ matrix.build-mode }}
@@ -84,6 +84,6 @@ jobs:
           exit 1
 
       - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@d1ba80a13dd99fba24a470575428917156a28b43 # v4.37.5
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@cdf488f595d80d6e07e03d4674febd5ab45fa938 # v4.37.9
         with:
           category: "/language:${{matrix.language}}"
diff --git a/.github/workflows/lock.yml b/.github/workflows/lock.yml
index ec736a2002..e09e9bf2d1 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/lock.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/lock.yml
@@ -14,4 +14,4 @@ jobs:
     permissions:
       issues: write         # issues.lock on closed issues
       pull-requests: write  # issues.lock on closed pull requests
-    uses: esphome/workflows/.github/workflows/lock.yml@9f6577fd37b5cf773ab1b9be929714a0dcd15661  # 2026.7.0
+    uses: esphome/workflows/.github/workflows/lock.yml@0fdd5e311b7e744069166696072a1a9cbc5fbeb6  # 2026.8.1
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release-nightly.yml b/.github/workflows/release-nightly.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cd3b7207b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/release-nightly.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+---
+name: Nightly Dev Release
+
+# Works out the dated dev tag and starts the release workflow with it, so that
+# the release run is named after the tag it builds. A workflow run name is
+# fixed when the run starts and cannot read a file or the current date.
+
+on:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: "0 2 * * *"
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read  # actions/checkout to read the version from esphome/const.py
+
+jobs:
+  trigger:
+    name: Start release build
+    if: github.repository == 'esphome/esphome'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read  # actions/checkout to read the version from esphome/const.py
+      actions: write  # gh workflow run starts release.yml
+    steps:
+      - name: Check out the repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+
+      - name: Start the release workflow
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: |
+          VERSION=$(sed -n -E "s/^__version__\s+=\s+\"(.+)\"$/\1/p" esphome/const.py)
+          if [[ -z "$VERSION" ]]; then
+            echo "::error::Could not read __version__ from esphome/const.py"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          TAG="${VERSION}$(date --utc '+%Y%m%d')"
+          echo "Starting release build for ${TAG}"
+          gh workflow run release.yml --ref "${GITHUB_REF_NAME}" --field tag="${TAG}"
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release.yml b/.github/workflows/release.yml
index 839b805237..d0dee8165c 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yml
@@ -1,12 +1,23 @@
 ---
 name: Publish Release
 
+# Releases (production and beta) are named after the version they publish.
+# Dev builds are named after the dated dev tag, which is passed in by the
+# nightly workflow because a run name cannot compute it itself.
+run-name: ${{ github.event.inputs.tag || github.event.release.tag_name || format('Manual build ({0})', github.ref_name) }}
+
 on:
   workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      tag:
+        description: >-
+          Tag to build. Only supported on dev, where the nightly workflow
+          uses it. Leave empty to build the version from esphome/const.py
+          with today's date appended.
+        required: false
+        default: ""
   release:
     types: [published]
-  schedule:
-    - cron: "0 2 * * *"
 
 permissions:
   contents: read  # actions/checkout for all jobs; deploy jobs add their own scopes when they need to write
@@ -23,6 +34,8 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
       - name: Get tag
         id: tag
+        env:
+          INPUT_TAG: ${{ github.event.inputs.tag }}
         # yamllint disable rule:line-length
         run: |
           if [[ "${{ github.event_name }}" = "release" ]]; then
@@ -34,12 +47,23 @@ jobs:
               ENVIRONMENT="production"
             fi
           else
-            TAG=$(cat esphome/const.py | sed -n -E "s/^__version__\s+=\s+\"(.+)\"$/\1/p")
-            today="$(date --utc '+%Y%m%d')"
-            TAG="${TAG}${today}"
             BRANCH=${GITHUB_REF#refs/heads/}
+            # The nightly workflow passes the finished tag so that the run name
+            # matches what is built. Without it, work it out here.
+            TAG="${INPUT_TAG}"
+            if [[ -n "$TAG" && "$BRANCH" != "dev" ]]; then
+              echo "::error::The tag input is only supported on dev. A build from ${BRANCH} has to use the tag worked out here, which carries the branch name, so that it cannot publish over the dev, beta, latest or stable images."
+              exit 1
+            fi
+            if [[ -z "$TAG" ]]; then
+              TAG=$(cat esphome/const.py | sed -n -E "s/^__version__\s+=\s+\"(.+)\"$/\1/p")
+              today="$(date --utc '+%Y%m%d')"
+              TAG="${TAG}${today}"
+              if [[ "$BRANCH" != "dev" ]]; then
+                TAG="${TAG}-${BRANCH}"
+              fi
+            fi
             if [[ "$BRANCH" != "dev" ]]; then
-              TAG="${TAG}-${BRANCH}"
               BRANCH_BUILD="true"
               ENVIRONMENT=""
             else
@@ -99,7 +123,7 @@ jobs:
           python-version: "3.12"
 
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@bb05f3f5519dd87d3ba754cc423b652a5edd6d2c # v4.2.0
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@37fe631027851001ddb9b187196cc803df7f5f0e # v4.3.0
 
       - name: Log in to docker hub
         uses: docker/login-action@dbcb813823bdd20940b903addbd779551569679f # v4.6.0
@@ -178,7 +202,7 @@ jobs:
           merge-multiple: true
 
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@bb05f3f5519dd87d3ba754cc423b652a5edd6d2c # v4.2.0
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@37fe631027851001ddb9b187196cc803df7f5f0e # v4.3.0
 
       - name: Log in to docker hub
         if: matrix.registry == 'dockerhub'
diff --git a/.github/workflows/stale.yml b/.github/workflows/stale.yml
index 3c471b6efb..aa31094f81 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/stale.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/stale.yml
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ jobs:
     # No GITHUB_TOKEN permissions: the reusable workflow mints an ESPHome
     # GitHub App token so the labels, comments and closures come from
     # esphome[bot] instead of github-actions[bot].
-    uses: esphome/workflows/.github/workflows/stale.yml@61fd37a044cad4e9aa4303027b2a61b6a34da855  # main
+    uses: esphome/workflows/.github/workflows/stale.yml@a1c1485ab46ef41a84a6a9d8abd7fa4b7628fd70  # main
     secrets:
       ESPHOME_GITHUB_APP_PRIVATE_KEY: ${{ secrets.ESPHOME_GITHUB_APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}
     with:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/sync-device-classes.yml b/.github/workflows/sync-device-classes.yml
index a299e76584..9100064176 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/sync-device-classes.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/sync-device-classes.yml
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ jobs:
         # setup-python interpreter so subsequent ``prek`` /
         # ``script/run-in-env.py`` steps find the deps without a
         # ``uv run`` prefix.
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@c771a70e6277c0a99b617c7a806ffedaca235ff9 # v9.0.0
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@20cfd1bf945f4377ade1205e4dbc17946fc9a30d # v10.0.1
         with:
           enable-cache: true
           # Pin uv version so the action does not have to fetch the
diff --git a/.github/workflows/sync-integration-durations.yml b/.github/workflows/sync-integration-durations.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d09a1cf242
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/sync-integration-durations.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+---
+name: Refresh integration test durations
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: "45 5 * * 1"
+
+# Repo writes (branch push, PR open) happen via the App token minted below,
+# so the workflow's GITHUB_TOKEN does not need any write scopes.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  actions: read  # gh api / gh run download for the CI junit artifacts
+
+jobs:
+  sync:
+    name: Refresh integration test durations
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: github.repository == 'esphome/esphome'
+    steps:
+      - name: Generate a token
+        id: generate-token
+        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@bcd2ba49218906704ab6c1aa796996da409d3eb1 # v3.2.0
+        with:
+          client-id: ${{ vars.ESPHOME_GITHUB_APP_CLIENT_ID }}
+          private-key: ${{ secrets.ESPHOME_GITHUB_APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}
+          permission-contents: write       # push the sync branch
+          permission-pull-requests: write  # open or refresh the sync PR
+
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+
+      - name: Setup Python
+        uses: actions/setup-python@5fda3b95a4ea91299a34e894583c3862153e4b97 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.13"
+
+      - name: Refresh from the newest usable dev run
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: |
+          # Only full matrix dev runs upload junit-integration-* artifacts
+          # (see the integration-tests job); the merge script re-checks
+          # coverage regardless.
+          # Newest-first candidates via their bucket-0 artifact. Fork PRs run
+          # their own ci.yml, so name and branch are spoofable; require
+          # same-repo. Assignment failures trip set -e and fail loudly.
+          candidates=$(
+            gh api "repos/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}/actions/artifacts?name=junit-integration-0&per_page=100" \
+              --jq '.artifacts[] | select(.expired | not) | .workflow_run
+                    | select(.head_branch == "dev" and .head_repository_id != null
+                             and .head_repository_id == .repository_id)
+                    | .id'
+          )
+          # Green runs first, then the rest newest first; a run missing a
+          # bucket fails the coverage check and the next one is tried
+          green=""
+          rest=""
+          for id in ${candidates}; do
+            conclusion=$(gh api "repos/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}/actions/runs/${id}" --jq '.conclusion // ""')
+            if [ "${conclusion}" = "success" ]; then
+              green="${green} ${id}"
+            elif [ -n "${conclusion}" ]; then
+              rest="${rest} ${id}"
+            fi
+          done
+          # helpers.py imports colorama; the script needs nothing else
+          pip install colorama
+          for id in ${green} ${rest}; do
+            rm -rf /tmp/junit
+            if ! gh run download "${id}" --repo "${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}" -p "junit-integration-*" -D /tmp/junit; then
+              echo "::warning::Could not download artifacts for run ${id}; trying the next"
+              continue
+            fi
+            status=0
+            python script/update_integration_test_durations.py /tmp/junit || status=$?
+            if [ "${status}" -eq 0 ]; then
+              echo "Refreshed from run ${id}"
+              exit 0
+            fi
+            # Only EXIT_LOW_COVERAGE (3) from the script advances to the next run
+            [ "${status}" -eq 3 ] || exit 1
+            echo "::warning::Run ${id} covers too few test files; trying the next"
+          done
+          echo "::error::No dev CI run with usable junit artifacts in range; the feed is starved"
+          exit 1
+
+      - name: Commit changes
+        uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@5f6978faf089d4d20b00c7766989d076bb2fc7f1 # v8.1.1
+        with:
+          commit-message: "[ci] Refresh integration test durations"
+          committer: esphome[bot] <115708604+esphome[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
+          author: esphome[bot] <115708604+esphome[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
+          branch: sync/integration-durations
+          delete-branch: true
+          title: "[ci] Refresh integration test durations"
+          body-path: .github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
+          token: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index 99a4f40201..0ea799aa4d 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ ci:
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
     # Ruff version.
-    rev: v0.16.0
+    rev: v0.16.3
     hooks:
       # Run the linter.
       - id: ruff
diff --git a/AGENTS.md b/AGENTS.md
index 40381030cb..f006ee6087 100644
--- a/AGENTS.md
+++ b/AGENTS.md
@@ -57,6 +57,12 @@ This document provides essential context for AI models interacting with this pro
         - Function-local constants: `lower_snake_case`
         - Protected/private fields: `lower_snake_case_with_trailing_underscore_`
         - Favor descriptive names over abbreviations
+        - Enumerator names: prefix every value of an `enum class` with the enum name converted to
+          `UPPER_SNAKE_CASE` (e.g. `UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_SUCCESS`). Never use bare
+          names like `SUCCESS`, `FAILURE`, `OK`, or `FAIL`: platform SDK headers define macros with
+          these common names (for example the Realtek SDKs used by LibreTiny define
+          `#define SUCCESS 0` in `basic_types.h`), and the preprocessor replaces the enumerator
+          before the compiler sees it, breaking the build and clang-tidy on those platforms.
 
 *   **Python Idioms:**
     *   **Assignment expressions (PEP 572):** Prefer the walrus operator (`:=`) wherever it removes a redundant lookup or a throwaway temporary. The most common case in component code is presence-checking a config key and then indexing it separately — fetch once with `.get()` and bind in the condition instead:
@@ -757,3 +763,13 @@ The project uses English for non-code content. When drafting documentation, code
 PR descriptions, and similar text, avoid technical jargon. Instead, express concepts in plain English,
 using standard technical terms only when required. Ensure the text is readily comprehensible to a wide
 audience, including non-native English speakers.
+
+## 10. Code Comments
+
+Code comments on individual lines should be used only where necessary to flag issues that may not be obvious
+on a simple reading of the code. Keep them short (e.g. 1 or 2 lines).
+
+Function and method comment blocks may include more detail as required to make
+calling contracts clear and document parameter usage, but should still be kept concise.
+
+Avoid redundancy and repetition; comments should never simply restate what the code already says.
diff --git a/CODEOWNERS b/CODEOWNERS
index d2e26edca3..3429a93aa7 100644
--- a/CODEOWNERS
+++ b/CODEOWNERS
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ esphome/components/bl0942/* @dbuezas @dwmw2
 esphome/components/ble_client/* @buxtronix @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/ble_device_base/* @Bl00d-B0b
 esphome/components/ble_nus/* @tomaszduda23
+esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/* @bdraco @jesserockz
 esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/* @bdraco @jesserockz
 esphome/components/bm8563/* @abmantis
 esphome/components/bme280_base/* @esphome/core
@@ -130,6 +131,7 @@ esphome/components/cst816/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/cst9220/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/ct_clamp/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/current_based/* @djwmarcx
+esphome/components/d01/* @ch604
 esphome/components/dac7678/* @NickB1
 esphome/components/daikin_arc/* @MagicBear
 esphome/components/daikin_brc/* @hagak
@@ -147,6 +149,7 @@ esphome/components/display_menu_base/* @numo68
 esphome/components/dlms_meter/* @latonita @PolarGoose @SimonFischer04 @Tomer27cz
 esphome/components/dps310/* @kbx81
 esphome/components/ds1307/* @badbadc0ffee
+esphome/components/ds1603l/* @JakeLC15
 esphome/components/ds2484/* @mrk-its
 esphome/components/ds248x/* @tomwellnitz
 esphome/components/dsmr/* @glmnet @PolarGoose
@@ -237,6 +240,7 @@ esphome/components/hlw8032/* @rici4kubicek
 esphome/components/hm3301/* @freekode
 esphome/components/hmac_md5/* @dwmw2
 esphome/components/hmac_sha256/* @dwmw2
+esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/* @zweckj
 esphome/components/homeassistant/* @esphome/core @OttoWinter
 esphome/components/homeassistant/number/* @landonr
 esphome/components/homeassistant/switch/* @Links2004
@@ -348,6 +352,7 @@ esphome/components/mipi_spi/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/mitsubishi/* @RubyBailey
 esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/* @crnjan
 esphome/components/mixer/speaker/* @kahrendt
+esphome/components/mk2pvrouter/* @FredM67
 esphome/components/mlx90393/* @functionpointer
 esphome/components/mlx90614/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/mmc5603/* @benhoff
@@ -379,6 +384,7 @@ esphome/components/nextion/switch/* @senexcrenshaw
 esphome/components/nextion/text_sensor/* @senexcrenshaw
 esphome/components/nfc/* @jesserockz @kbx81
 esphome/components/noblex/* @AGalfra
+esphome/components/noise/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/npi19/* @bakerkj
 esphome/components/nrf52/* @tomaszduda23
 esphome/components/number/* @esphome/core
@@ -464,6 +470,7 @@ esphome/components/sen21231/* @shreyaskarnik
 esphome/components/sen5x/* @martgras
 esphome/components/sen6x/* @martgras @mebner86 @tuct
 esphome/components/sendspin/* @kahrendt
+esphome/components/sendspin/image/* @kahrendt
 esphome/components/sendspin/media_player/* @kahrendt
 esphome/components/sendspin/media_source/* @kahrendt
 esphome/components/sendspin/sensor/* @kahrendt
@@ -472,6 +479,7 @@ esphome/components/sensirion_common/* @martgras
 esphome/components/sensor/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/serial_proxy/* @kbx81
 esphome/components/sfa30/* @ghsensdev
+esphome/components/sfa40/* @NoQuarrel
 esphome/components/sgp40/* @SenexCrenshaw
 esphome/components/sgp4x/* @martgras @SenexCrenshaw
 esphome/components/sha256/* @esphome/core
@@ -572,6 +580,7 @@ esphome/components/tuya/select/* @bearpawmaxim
 esphome/components/tuya/sensor/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/tuya/switch/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/tuya/text_sensor/* @dentra
+esphome/components/tuya/water_heater/* @iago-veiga
 esphome/components/uart/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/uart/button/* @ssieb
 esphome/components/uart/event/* @eoasmxd
diff --git a/Doxyfile b/Doxyfile
index 3bb08e5b06..8f6048b4d8 100644
--- a/Doxyfile
+++ b/Doxyfile
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ PROJECT_NAME           = ESPHome
 # could be handy for archiving the generated documentation or if some version
 # control system is used.
 
-PROJECT_NUMBER         = 2026.8.0-dev
+PROJECT_NUMBER         = 2026.9.0-dev
 
 # Using the PROJECT_BRIEF tag one can provide an optional one line description
 # for a project that appears at the top of each page and should give viewer a
diff --git a/THREAT_MODEL.md b/THREAT_MODEL.md
index 5816f38176..b4f557e55b 100644
--- a/THREAT_MODEL.md
+++ b/THREAT_MODEL.md
@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ For this repository there are two trusted inputs by design:
 1. **The configuration.** Anyone who can supply or edit a YAML config is trusted
    (see below).
 2. **Authenticated peers of a running device** — clients holding the device's
-   API encryption key / password, OTA password, or web server credentials.
+   API/OTA encryption key, API password, OTA password, or web server
+   credentials.
 
 The security boundary is therefore **unauthenticated network traffic vs. those
 trusted inputs.** A bug that lets an unauthenticated attacker cross it is a
@@ -76,8 +77,8 @@ These *are* security bugs in this repo, and we want to hear about them privately
   captive portal, etc.) **without** valid credentials.
 - Authentication or encryption bypass on the device — reaching API calls, OTA
   updates, or the web server without the configured key/password.
-- Flaws that weaken the device's API encryption (Noise), OTA, or web server auth
-  below their documented guarantees.
+- Flaws that weaken the device's API or OTA encryption (Noise), OTA auth, or
+  web server auth below their documented guarantees.
 
 ## The web server is an open HTTP API by design
 
@@ -121,6 +122,37 @@ and any memory-safety or protocol bug in the server reachable without credential
 This section documents the current design and scope; it is not a judgment that the
 design is optimal or that it will not change.
 
+## OTA update encryption
+
+The `esphome` OTA platform optionally encrypts updates with the same Noise
+`NNpsk0` pattern the native API uses; one key protects the device. With an
+`encryption:` block configured the guarantees are: the firmware image is
+confidential in transit, the uploader is authenticated by the pre-shared key,
+and the plaintext negotiation preceding the handshake is bound into the
+handshake prologue, so stripping or tampering with it fails the first MAC.
+Both ends fail closed with no override: a device built with a key refuses
+plaintext uploads, and the CLI refuses to send plaintext when a key is
+configured.
+
+Defeating any of that without the key is in scope: a keyed device accepting a
+plaintext or downgraded upload, getting past the MAC, or recovering image
+contents from captured traffic.
+
+The following are **not** vulnerabilities, by design:
+
+- Plaintext OTA on a device with no `encryption:` block. That is the
+  documented default, authenticated (if at all) by the OTA password.
+- The enablement window: turning encryption on takes one last upload of the
+  encryption-enabled firmware over the existing plaintext channel, with the
+  pre-existing plaintext exposure.
+- The web OTA `/update` endpoint alongside encryption. The `web_server`
+  component keeps it always reachable, and `captive_portal:` auto-loads it
+  for the fallback AP window; validation warns about both combinations, and
+  the operator keeps the recovery path.
+- CLI retry behavior on transport or MAC failures; every attempt renegotiates
+  a fresh handshake with fresh ephemerals, so retrying does not weaken
+  authentication.
+
 ## Explicitly out of scope
 
 - Local attackers who already have shell access on the host that runs `esphome`.
diff --git a/docker/Dockerfile b/docker/Dockerfile
index e928fd37ca..0da8048c57 100644
--- a/docker/Dockerfile
+++ b/docker/Dockerfile
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ RUN \
     -r /requirements.txt
 
 # Install the ESPHome Device Builder dashboard.
-RUN uv pip install --no-cache-dir esphome-device-builder==1.9.3
+RUN uv pip install --no-cache-dir esphome-device-builder==1.13.1
 
 RUN \
     platformio settings set enable_telemetry No \
diff --git a/docker/generate_tags.py b/docker/generate_tags.py
index 31f98c4614..b35aed91f0 100755
--- a/docker/generate_tags.py
+++ b/docker/generate_tags.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 import argparse
+import os
 import re
 
 CHANNEL_DEV = "dev"
@@ -64,7 +65,10 @@ def main():
 
     suffix = f"-{args.suffix}" if args.suffix else ""
 
-    image_name = f"esphome/esphome{suffix}"
+    repository = (
+        (os.environ.get("GITHUB_REPOSITORY") or "esphome/esphome").strip().lower()
+    )
+    image_name = f"{repository}{suffix}"
 
     print(f"channel={channel}")
 
diff --git a/esphome/__main__.py b/esphome/__main__.py
index cb45dd7c5f..b3d58ad13b 100644
--- a/esphome/__main__.py
+++ b/esphome/__main__.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ from pathlib import Path
 import re
 import sys
 import time
-from typing import Protocol
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Protocol
 
 # Note: Do not import modules from esphome.components here, as this would
 # cause them to be loaded before external components are processed, resulting
@@ -21,14 +21,16 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ARGUMENT_HELP_DEVICE,
     BUNDLE_EXTENSION,
     CONF_API,
-    CONF_AUTH,
     CONF_BAUD_RATE,
     CONF_BROKER,
     CONF_DEASSERT_RTS_DTR,
     CONF_DISABLED,
     CONF_DISCOVER_IP,
+    CONF_ENCRYPTION,
     CONF_ESPHOME,
+    CONF_KEY,
     CONF_LEVEL,
+    CONF_LOG,
     CONF_LOG_TOPIC,
     CONF_LOGGER,
     CONF_MDNS,
@@ -42,7 +44,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_PORT,
     CONF_SUBSTITUTIONS,
     CONF_TOPIC,
-    CONF_USERNAME,
+    CONF_VERSION,
     CONF_WEB_SERVER,
     CONF_WIFI,
     ENV_NOGITIGNORE,
@@ -71,6 +73,9 @@ from esphome.util import (
     safe_print,
 )
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import threading
+
 # Keep expensive imports (zeroconf, writer, yaml_util, etc.) out of this
 # module's top level. Every `esphome` invocation — including fast paths
 # like `esphome version` — pays the cost of what's imported here before
@@ -273,8 +278,8 @@ def _unresolved_default_error(purpose: Purpose, defaults: list[str]) -> str:
         if purpose == Purpose.LOGGING and not has_api():
             return (
                 "Cannot view logs over the network: no 'api:' component is "
-                "configured. Network log streaming requires the native API; add "
-                "an 'api:' component, enable MQTT logging, or view logs over USB."
+                "configured. Add an 'api:' component, enable MQTT logging, add a "
+                "'web_server:' component, or view logs over USB."
             )
         if purpose == Purpose.UPLOADING and not has_ota():
             return (
@@ -314,9 +319,12 @@ def choose_upload_log_host(
                 ]
                 resolved.append(choose_prompt(options, purpose=purpose))
             elif device == "OTA":
+                # Logs can stream over a network transport via the native API
+                # or the web_server HTTP SSE feed.
+                network_logging = has_api() or has_web_server_logging()
                 # ensure IP adresses are used first
                 if is_ip_address(CORE.address) and (
-                    (purpose == Purpose.LOGGING and has_api())
+                    (purpose == Purpose.LOGGING and network_logging)
                     or (purpose == Purpose.UPLOADING and has_ota())
                 ):
                     resolved.extend(_resolve_with_cache(CORE.address, purpose))
@@ -328,7 +336,11 @@ def choose_upload_log_host(
                     if has_mqtt_logging():
                         resolved.append("MQTT")
 
-                    if has_api() and has_non_ip_address() and has_resolvable_address():
+                    if (
+                        network_logging
+                        and has_non_ip_address()
+                        and has_resolvable_address()
+                    ):
                         resolved.extend(_ota_hostnames_for_default(purpose))
 
                 elif purpose == Purpose.UPLOADING:
@@ -390,7 +402,7 @@ def choose_upload_log_host(
             mqtt_config = CORE.config[CONF_MQTT]
             options.append((f"MQTT ({mqtt_config[CONF_BROKER]})", "MQTT"))
 
-        if has_api():
+        if has_api() or has_web_server_logging():
             add_ota_options()
 
     elif purpose == Purpose.UPLOADING and has_ota():
@@ -483,6 +495,21 @@ def has_web_server_ota() -> bool:
     )
 
 
+def has_web_server_logging() -> bool:
+    """Check if logs can be streamed over the web_server HTTP SSE endpoint.
+
+    The ``web_server`` component exposes a ``/events`` Server-Sent Events
+    stream that carries ``event: log`` frames. This requires version 2+ (the
+    v1 UI has no ``/events`` endpoint) and the ``log`` option enabled (default).
+    """
+    web_conf = CORE.config.get(CONF_WEB_SERVER)
+    if web_conf is None:
+        return False
+    if web_conf.get(CONF_VERSION, 2) == 1:
+        return False
+    return web_conf.get(CONF_LOG, True)
+
+
 def has_mqtt_ip_lookup() -> bool:
     """Check if MQTT is available and IP lookup is supported."""
     if CONF_MQTT not in CORE.config:
@@ -545,11 +572,48 @@ def has_name_add_mac_suffix() -> bool:
 
 
 def mqtt_get_ip(
-    config: ConfigType, username: str, password: str, client_id: str
+    config: ConfigType,
+    username: str,
+    password: str,
+    client_id: str,
+    stop_event: "threading.Event | None" = None,
 ) -> list[str]:
     from esphome import mqtt
 
-    return mqtt.get_esphome_device_ip(config, username, password, client_id)
+    return mqtt.get_esphome_device_ip(
+        config, username, password, client_id, stop_event=stop_event
+    )
+
+
+def _add_network_device(device: str, network_devices: list[str]) -> None:
+    """Append a device to the list, expanding it through ``CORE.address_cache``.
+
+    If the hostname is already in the address cache (e.g. populated by mDNS
+    discovery), substitute the cached IPs so aioesphomeapi doesn't open its
+    own Zeroconf to re-resolve it. Duplicates are dropped.
+    """
+    if CORE.address_cache and (cached := CORE.address_cache.get_addresses(device)):
+        network_devices.extend(addr for addr in cached if addr not in network_devices)
+    elif device not in network_devices:
+        network_devices.append(device)
+
+
+def _split_network_devices(devices: list[str]) -> tuple[list[str], bool]:
+    """Split the device list into direct addresses and an MQTT-lookup flag.
+
+    Direct addresses are expanded through ``CORE.address_cache`` and deduped
+    the same way ``_resolve_network_devices`` does; MQTT/MQTTIP magic strings
+    are not resolved, only reported via the returned bool so the caller can
+    defer the broker lookup.
+    """
+    network_devices: list[str] = []
+    has_mqtt_lookup = False
+    for device in devices:
+        if get_port_type(device) in _MQTT_PORT_TYPES:
+            has_mqtt_lookup = True
+        else:
+            _add_network_device(device, network_devices)
+    return network_devices, has_mqtt_lookup
 
 
 def _resolve_network_devices(
@@ -582,40 +646,44 @@ def _resolve_network_devices(
         if port_type in _MQTT_PORT_TYPES:
             # Only resolve MQTT once, even if multiple MQTT entries
             if not mqtt_resolved:
-                try:
-                    mqtt_ips = mqtt_get_ip(
-                        config, args.username, args.password, args.client_id
-                    )
-                    # pylint can't infer mqtt_get_ip's return through its
-                    # lazy ``from esphome import mqtt`` import, so it flags
-                    # the genexpr below.
-                    network_devices.extend(
-                        addr
-                        for addr in mqtt_ips  # pylint: disable=not-an-iterable
-                        if addr not in network_devices
-                    )
-                except EsphomeError as err:
-                    _LOGGER.warning(
-                        "MQTT IP discovery failed (%s), will try other devices if available",
-                        err,
-                    )
+                mqtt_ips = _mqtt_get_ip_or_warn(
+                    config, args.username, args.password, args.client_id
+                )
+                network_devices.extend(
+                    addr for addr in mqtt_ips if addr not in network_devices
+                )
                 mqtt_resolved = True
             continue
 
-        # If the hostname is already in the address cache (e.g. populated by
-        # mDNS discovery), substitute the cached IPs so aioesphomeapi doesn't
-        # open its own Zeroconf to re-resolve it.
-        if CORE.address_cache and (cached := CORE.address_cache.get_addresses(device)):
-            network_devices.extend(
-                addr for addr in cached if addr not in network_devices
-            )
-        elif device not in network_devices:
-            # Regular network address or IP - add if not already present
-            network_devices.append(device)
+        _add_network_device(device, network_devices)
 
     return network_devices
 
 
+def _mqtt_get_ip_or_warn(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    username: str,
+    password: str,
+    client_id: str,
+    stop_event: "threading.Event | None" = None,
+) -> list[str]:
+    """Look up the device IP via MQTT, returning [] with a warning on failure.
+
+    This owns the failure policy for MQTT IP discovery on paths that have
+    other addresses to fall back on: a broker problem must not abort the
+    operation. Also used as the deferred resolver handed to ``run_logs``,
+    where it runs in a worker thread.
+    """
+    try:
+        return mqtt_get_ip(config, username, password, client_id, stop_event=stop_event)
+    except EsphomeError as err:
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "MQTT IP discovery failed (%s), will try other devices if available",
+            err,
+        )
+        return []
+
+
 def run_miniterm(config: ConfigType, port: str, args) -> int:
     from datetime import datetime
 
@@ -696,9 +764,11 @@ def _wrap_to_code(name, comp, yaml_util):
     async def wrapped(conf):
         cg.add(cg.LineComment(f"{name}:"))
         if comp.config_schema is not None:
-            conf_str = yaml_util.dump(conf)
+            # sort_keys: voluptuous fills defaults in set order, so an
+            # unsorted dump would churn main.cpp and relink every run
+            conf_str = yaml_util.dump(conf, sort_keys=True)
             conf_str = conf_str.replace("//", "")
-            # remove tailing \ to avoid multi-line comment warning
+            # remove trailing \ to avoid multi-line comment warning
             conf_str = conf_str.replace("\\\n", "\n")
             cg.add(cg.LineComment(indent(conf_str)))
         await coro(conf)
@@ -789,7 +859,20 @@ def compile_program(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int:
         toolchain.create_factory_bin()
         toolchain.create_ota_bin()
         toolchain.create_elf_copy()
-        toolchain.get_idedata()
+        from esphome.build_helpers.idedata import IDEDATA_BEST_EFFORT_ERRORS
+
+        try:
+            if toolchain.get_idedata() is None:
+                _LOGGER.warning("No idedata was generated for this build")
+        except IDEDATA_BEST_EFFORT_ERRORS as err:
+            # The firmware already built; an idedata failure must not fail
+            # a successful build.
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "Could not generate idedata: %s (IDE, clang-tidy, and "
+                "memory-analysis data will be unavailable for this build)",
+                err,
+            )
+            _LOGGER.debug("Idedata failure detail", exc_info=True)
     else:
         from esphome.platformio import toolchain
 
@@ -1255,6 +1338,19 @@ def _upload_via_native_api(
 
     remote_port = int(ota_conf[CONF_PORT])
     password = ota_conf.get(CONF_PASSWORD)
+    # Fail closed: an encryption block whose key did not resolve must never
+    # fall back to a plaintext upload
+    noise_psk = None
+    if (encryption_conf := ota_conf.get(CONF_ENCRYPTION)) is not None:
+        noise_psk = encryption_conf.get(CONF_KEY)
+        if not noise_psk:
+            raise EsphomeError(
+                "OTA encryption is configured but no key was resolved; "
+                "set the key under 'ota: encryption:' or 'api: encryption:'"
+            )
+        # Ensure the key is a string, as required by the underlying OTA implementation.
+        # It arrives here as a SensitiveStr which aioesphomeapi rejects.
+        noise_psk = str(noise_psk)
 
     def check_partition_access(option_string: str) -> None:
         if not ota_conf.get("allow_partition_access"):
@@ -1285,31 +1381,41 @@ def _upload_via_native_api(
     if ota_type == espota2.OTA_TYPE_UPDATE_BOOTLOADER:
         _validate_bootloader_binary(binary)
 
-    return espota2.run_ota(network_devices, remote_port, password, binary, ota_type)
+    return espota2.run_ota(
+        network_devices, remote_port, password, binary, ota_type, noise_psk
+    )
 
 
 def _upload_via_web_server(
     config: ConfigType, network_devices: list[str], binary: Path
 ) -> tuple[int, str | None]:
-    web_conf = config.get(CONF_WEB_SERVER)
-    if not web_conf:
-        raise EsphomeError(
-            f"Cannot upload via web_server OTA: the {CONF_WEB_SERVER} component "
-            f"is not configured."
-        )
-
-    remote_port = int(web_conf[CONF_PORT])
-    auth = web_conf.get(CONF_AUTH) or {}
-    username = auth.get(CONF_USERNAME)
-    password = auth.get(CONF_PASSWORD)
-
     from esphome import web_server_ota
+    from esphome.web_server_helpers import get_web_server_connection
 
+    if any(
+        ota_item.get(CONF_PLATFORM) == CONF_ESPHOME
+        and ota_item.get(CONF_ENCRYPTION) is not None
+        for ota_item in config.get(CONF_OTA, [])
+    ):
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "This config has OTA encryption, but the web_server OTA path sends "
+            "the image over plaintext HTTP; use the esphome OTA platform to "
+            "keep it confidential"
+        )
+    remote_port, username, password = get_web_server_connection(config)
     return web_server_ota.run_ota(
         network_devices, remote_port, username, password, binary
     )
 
 
+def _show_logs_via_web_server(config: ConfigType, network_devices: list[str]) -> int:
+    from esphome import web_server_logs
+    from esphome.web_server_helpers import get_web_server_connection
+
+    port, username, password = get_web_server_connection(config)
+    return web_server_logs.run_logs(network_devices, port, username, password)
+
+
 # Layout of esp_partition_info_t on flash. Each entry is 32 bytes, leading with a
 # 16-bit little-endian magic. ESP-IDF defines ESP_PARTITION_MAGIC = 0x50AA (stored as
 # bytes 0xAA, 0x50) for partition entries and ESP_PARTITION_MAGIC_MD5 = 0xEBEB for the
@@ -1418,17 +1524,37 @@ def show_logs(config: ConfigType, args: ArgsProtocol, devices: list[str]) -> int
         return run_miniterm(config, port, args)
 
     # Check if we should use API for logging
-    # Resolve MQTT magic strings to actual IP addresses
-    if has_api() and (
-        network_devices := _resolve_network_devices(devices, config, args)
-    ):
-        from esphome.api_client import run_logs
+    if has_api():
+        network_devices, has_mqtt_lookup = _split_network_devices(devices)
+        mqtt_resolver = None
+        if has_mqtt_lookup:
+            if network_devices:
+                # Addresses are already known, so don't block startup on the
+                # MQTT broker lookup; hand it to run_logs as a deferred
+                # resolver that runs in the background and feeds discovered
+                # addresses into the running log client, keeping MQTT as a
+                # fallback for when the known addresses are stale (e.g. DHCP
+                # reassigned the IP).
+                mqtt_resolver = functools.partial(
+                    _mqtt_get_ip_or_warn,
+                    config,
+                    args.username,
+                    args.password,
+                    args.client_id,
+                )
+            else:
+                # The MQTT lookup is the only way to find the device; resolve
+                # it up front since the client needs an address to start with.
+                network_devices = _resolve_network_devices(devices, config, args)
+        if network_devices:
+            from esphome.api_client import run_logs
 
-        return run_logs(
-            config,
-            network_devices,
-            subscribe_states=_should_subscribe_states(args),
-        )
+            return run_logs(
+                config,
+                network_devices,
+                subscribe_states=_should_subscribe_states(args),
+                mqtt_resolver=mqtt_resolver,
+            )
 
     if port_type in (PortType.NETWORK, PortType.MQTT) and has_mqtt_logging():
         from esphome import mqtt
@@ -1437,6 +1563,13 @@ def show_logs(config: ConfigType, args: ArgsProtocol, devices: list[str]) -> int
             config, args.topic, args.username, args.password, args.client_id
         )
 
+    # Fall back to the web_server HTTP SSE log stream for devices that have
+    # web_server: but no api: (the logging counterpart to web_server OTA).
+    if has_web_server_logging() and (
+        network_devices := _resolve_network_devices(devices, config, args)
+    ):
+        return _show_logs_via_web_server(config, network_devices)
+
     raise EsphomeError("No remote or local logging method configured (api/mqtt/logger)")
 
 
@@ -1564,20 +1697,26 @@ def command_compile(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
     if exit_code != 0:
         return exit_code
     if CORE.is_host:
-        if CORE.using_toolchain_esp_idf:
-            from esphome.espidf import toolchain
-
-            program_path = str(toolchain.get_elf_path())
-        else:
-            from esphome.platformio.toolchain import get_idedata
-
-            program_path = str(get_idedata(config).firmware_elf_path)
-        _LOGGER.info("Successfully compiled program to path '%s'", program_path)
+        _LOGGER.info(
+            "Successfully compiled program to path '%s'", _host_program_path(config)
+        )
     else:
         _LOGGER.info("Successfully compiled program.")
     return 0
 
 
+def _host_program_path(config: ConfigType) -> str:
+    """Return the compiled host ELF path."""
+    if CORE.using_toolchain_esp_idf:
+        from esphome.espidf import toolchain
+
+        return str(toolchain.get_elf_path())
+    from esphome.platformio.toolchain import get_idedata
+
+    # Memoized by compile_program's own call; this is a dict lookup
+    return str(get_idedata(config).firmware_elf_path)
+
+
 def command_upload(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
     # Get devices, resolving special identifiers like OTA
     devices = choose_upload_log_host(
@@ -1622,14 +1761,7 @@ def command_run(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
         return exit_code
     _LOGGER.info("Successfully compiled program.")
     if CORE.is_host:
-        if CORE.using_toolchain_esp_idf:
-            from esphome.espidf import toolchain
-
-            program_path = str(toolchain.get_elf_path())
-        else:
-            from esphome.platformio.toolchain import get_idedata
-
-            program_path = str(get_idedata(config).firmware_elf_path)
+        program_path = _host_program_path(config)
         _LOGGER.info("Running program from path '%s'", program_path)
         return run_external_process(program_path)
 
@@ -1941,7 +2073,7 @@ def command_rename(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
     new_name = args.name
     for c in new_name:
         if c not in ALLOWED_NAME_CHARS:
-            print(
+            safe_print(
                 color(
                     AnsiFore.BOLD_RED,
                     f"'{c}' is an invalid character for names. Valid characters are: "
@@ -1954,7 +2086,7 @@ def command_rename(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
 
     yaml = yaml_util.load_yaml(CORE.config_path)
     if CONF_ESPHOME not in yaml or CONF_NAME not in yaml[CONF_ESPHOME]:
-        print(
+        safe_print(
             color(
                 AnsiFore.BOLD_RED, "Complex YAML files cannot be automatically renamed."
             )
@@ -2001,7 +2133,9 @@ def command_rename(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
             )
             > 1
         ):
-            print(color(AnsiFore.BOLD_RED, "Too many matches in YAML to safely rename"))
+            safe_print(
+                color(AnsiFore.BOLD_RED, "Too many matches in YAML to safely rename")
+            )
             return 1
 
         new_raw = re.sub(
@@ -2019,7 +2153,7 @@ def command_rename(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
     # ``kitchen``; running ``esphome rename weird-file.yaml kitchen``
     # would otherwise just re-flash the same hostname).
     if new_name == old_name:
-        print(
+        safe_print(
             color(
                 AnsiFore.BOLD_RED,
                 f"'{new_name}' is already the device's name.",
@@ -2029,7 +2163,7 @@ def command_rename(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
 
     new_path: Path = CORE.config_dir / (new_name + ".yaml")
     if new_path.resolve() == CORE.config_path.resolve():
-        print(
+        safe_print(
             color(
                 AnsiFore.BOLD_RED,
                 f"'{new_name}' is already the device's name.",
@@ -2037,7 +2171,7 @@ def command_rename(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
         )
         return 1
     if new_path.exists():
-        print(
+        safe_print(
             color(
                 AnsiFore.BOLD_RED,
                 f"Cannot rename: {new_path} already exists. "
@@ -2045,7 +2179,7 @@ def command_rename(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
             )
         )
         return 1
-    print(
+    safe_print(
         f"Updating {color(AnsiFore.CYAN, str(CORE.config_path))} to {color(AnsiFore.CYAN, str(new_path))}"
     )
     print()
@@ -2054,7 +2188,7 @@ def command_rename(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
 
     rc = run_external_process(*ESPHOME_COMMAND, "config", str(new_path))
     if rc != 0:
-        print(color(AnsiFore.BOLD_RED, "Rename failed. Reverting changes."))
+        safe_print(color(AnsiFore.BOLD_RED, "Rename failed. Reverting changes."))
         new_path.unlink()
         return 1
 
@@ -2080,7 +2214,7 @@ def command_rename(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
     if CORE.config_path != new_path:
         CORE.config_path.unlink()
 
-    print(color(AnsiFore.BOLD_GREEN, "SUCCESS"))
+    safe_print(color(AnsiFore.BOLD_GREEN, "SUCCESS"))
     print()
     return 0
 
@@ -2507,6 +2641,49 @@ def parse_args(argv):
     return parser.parse_args(arguments)
 
 
+def _warn_if_source_tree_mismatch() -> None:
+    """Warn when the checkout the user is standing in is not the one being run.
+
+    An editable install records one absolute path, so a venv shared between git
+    worktrees (or reused after a checkout is copied or renamed) keeps importing
+    the tree it was installed from. Every command then silently runs, and
+    compiles, sources the user is not looking at. Only fires inside a checkout,
+    so ordinary installs never see it.
+    """
+    try:
+        cwd = Path.cwd()
+    except OSError:
+        return  # working directory is gone; a diagnostic must not break startup
+    for candidate in (cwd, *cwd.parents):
+        if (candidate / "esphome" / "__main__.py").is_file():
+            standing_in = candidate.resolve()
+            break
+    else:
+        return  # not inside a checkout; nothing to compare against
+
+    running = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent
+    # Both sides are resolved, so on a case-sensitive filesystem this matches
+    # plain equality. samefile() compares device and inode, which additionally
+    # covers a case-insensitive filesystem (macOS) reaching one directory by
+    # differently cased paths. Falls back to equality if either path is gone.
+    try:
+        same = standing_in.samefile(running)
+    except OSError:
+        same = standing_in == running
+    if same:
+        return
+
+    _LOGGER.warning(
+        "Running ESPHome from a different checkout than the one you are in:\n"
+        "  running from: %s\n"
+        "  you are in:   %s\n"
+        "The installed esphome resolves to the first, so its sources are used.\n"
+        "Run 'python -m esphome' from the second to use that one instead.",
+        running,
+        standing_in,
+    )
+
+
 def run_esphome(argv):
     from esphome.address_cache import AddressCache
 
@@ -2525,6 +2702,7 @@ def run_esphome(argv):
         args.log_level = "CRITICAL"
 
     setup_log(log_level=args.log_level)
+    _warn_if_source_tree_mismatch()
 
     if args.command in PRE_CONFIG_ACTIONS:
         try:
@@ -2582,10 +2760,14 @@ def run_esphome(argv):
     # Skipped when -s overrides are passed, since the cache was written
     # against the previous substitution set.
     config: ConfigType | None = None
-    cache_eligible = (
+    cache_write_eligible = (
         args.command in ("upload", "logs") and not command_line_substitutions
     )
-    if cache_eligible:
+    # An explicit --toolchain must re-run the per-platform validators, so
+    # gate only the cache read; the refresh below saves the result unless
+    # the sidecar records a different toolchain.
+    cache_read_eligible = cache_write_eligible and args.toolchain is None
+    if cache_read_eligible:
         from esphome.compiled_config import load_compiled_config
 
         config = load_compiled_config(conf_path)
@@ -2595,7 +2777,8 @@ def run_esphome(argv):
                 conf_path.name,
             )
 
-    if config is None:
+    cache_missed = config is None
+    if cache_missed:
         from esphome.config import read_config
 
         config = read_config(
@@ -2604,26 +2787,22 @@ def run_esphome(argv):
             # Snapshot only needed by `esphome config --no-defaults`.
             snapshot_user_config=getattr(args, "no_defaults", False),
         )
-        # Refresh the cache so the next upload/logs hits the fast path
-        # instead of re-running read_config. Skip when the storage
-        # sidecar is absent (no compile has run): the cache would
-        # never be loaded back, so writing secrets to disk is wasted.
-        if cache_eligible and config is not None:
-            from esphome.compiled_config import save_compiled_config
-            from esphome.storage_json import ext_storage_path
-
-            if ext_storage_path(conf_path.name).exists():
-                save_compiled_config(config)
-    if config is None:
-        return 2
+        if config is None:
+            return 2
     CORE.config = config
 
-    # Fallback for platforms whose validators didn't set the toolchain
-    # (only the esp32 component reads esp32.framework.toolchain). All
-    # other platforms only support PlatformIO today.
+    # The cache fast path skips validation, and legacy sidecars lack the
+    # toolchain field. Must run before the cache refresh below.
     if CORE.toolchain is None:
         CORE.toolchain = Toolchain.PLATFORMIO
 
+    # Refresh the cache so the next upload/logs hits the fast path
+    # instead of re-running read_config.
+    if cache_write_eligible and cache_missed:
+        from esphome.compiled_config import save_compiled_config_and_sidecar
+
+        save_compiled_config_and_sidecar(config)
+
     if args.command not in POST_CONFIG_ACTIONS:
         safe_print(f"Unknown command {args.command}")
         return 1
diff --git a/esphome/api_client.py b/esphome/api_client.py
index a75f219b17..fb41075de8 100644
--- a/esphome/api_client.py
+++ b/esphome/api_client.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import asyncio
 from contextlib import suppress
 import logging
+import threading
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 import warnings
 
@@ -20,6 +21,8 @@ from esphome.stacktrace import LogLineProcessor
 from esphome.util import safe_print
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Callable
+
     from aioesphomeapi.api_pb2 import (
         SubscribeLogsResponse,  # pylint: disable=no-name-in-module
     )
@@ -32,8 +35,18 @@ async def async_run_logs(
     config: dict[str, Any],
     addresses: list[str],
     subscribe_states: bool = True,
+    mqtt_resolver: Callable[[threading.Event], list[str]] | None = None,
 ) -> None:
-    """Run the logs command in the event loop."""
+    """Run the logs command in the event loop.
+
+    If ``mqtt_resolver`` is given, it is called in a worker thread (paho-mqtt
+    has no asyncio support on Windows) concurrently with the connection
+    attempts to ``addresses``, and any addresses it discovers are fed into
+    the running client. It owns its own failure handling (returning [] when
+    discovery fails) and must honor the ``threading.Event`` it is passed so
+    teardown is not delayed by the lookup's wait window; the initial broker
+    connect itself is only bounded by the socket timeout.
+    """
     from datetime import datetime
 
     conf = config["api"]
@@ -60,6 +73,41 @@ async def async_run_logs(
     # Decoder resolution policy lives in LogLineProcessor.
     processor = LogLineProcessor(config, CORE.target_platform)
 
+    mqtt_task: asyncio.Task[None] | None = None
+    mqtt_stop_event = threading.Event()
+
+    def _cancel_mqtt_discovery() -> None:
+        """Stop the broker lookup once a connection has been established.
+
+        Its answer is only useful while still disconnected: after that it
+        either duplicates the connected address or arrives too late to
+        matter, so don't keep an idle broker session open for it.
+        """
+        mqtt_stop_event.set()
+        if mqtt_task is not None and not mqtt_task.done():
+            mqtt_task.cancel()
+
+    async def _resolve_mqtt_addresses() -> None:
+        """Discover the device address via the MQTT broker in the background."""
+        try:
+            mqtt_ips = await asyncio.to_thread(mqtt_resolver, mqtt_stop_event)
+            if not mqtt_ips:
+                _LOGGER.debug(
+                    "MQTT discovery %s",
+                    "aborted" if mqtt_stop_event.is_set() else "found no addresses",
+                )
+                return
+            if cli.add_addresses(mqtt_ips):
+                _LOGGER.info("Discovered address(es) via MQTT: %s", ", ".join(mqtt_ips))
+            else:
+                _LOGGER.debug(
+                    "MQTT-discovered address(es) already known: %s", ", ".join(mqtt_ips)
+                )
+        except Exception:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
+            # A background task failure would otherwise stay invisible for
+            # the whole session and only re-raise at teardown
+            _LOGGER.exception("MQTT address discovery failed")
+
     def on_log(msg: SubscribeLogsResponse) -> None:
         """Handle a new log message."""
         time_ = datetime.now().astimezone()
@@ -98,20 +146,53 @@ async def async_run_logs(
         # A top-level ``deep_sleep:`` block means the device is only awake
         # briefly; cap the reconnect backoff so a wake window is not missed.
         deep_sleep="deep_sleep" in config,
+        on_connect=_cancel_mqtt_discovery if mqtt_resolver is not None else None,
     )
     try:
+        # Don't start (or keep) the broker lookup if a connection already
+        # succeeded; the stop event doubles as the not-needed-anymore latch
+        # and get_esphome_device_ip returns immediately when it is set.
+        if mqtt_resolver is not None and not mqtt_stop_event.is_set():
+            mqtt_task = asyncio.create_task(_resolve_mqtt_addresses())
         await asyncio.Event().wait()
     finally:
-        await stop()
+        try:
+            if mqtt_task is not None:
+                # Unblock the worker thread first so it can't hold up
+                # loop.shutdown_default_executor() for the full lookup timeout.
+                mqtt_stop_event.set()
+                # Give the worker a moment to exit through its own error
+                # handling; cancelling first would race out a late failure.
+                done, _ = await asyncio.wait([mqtt_task], timeout=1.0)
+                if not done:
+                    mqtt_task.cancel()
+                # return_exceptions keeps a CancelledError from the cancel()
+                # above from re-raising here and jumping over the stop() below.
+                # The task handles Exception itself, so only a BaseException
+                # escape (e.g. SystemExit from the worker) can land here.
+                (result,) = await asyncio.gather(mqtt_task, return_exceptions=True)
+                if isinstance(result, BaseException) and not isinstance(
+                    result, asyncio.CancelledError
+                ):
+                    _LOGGER.error("MQTT address discovery failed", exc_info=result)
+        finally:
+            # Must run even if a second cancellation lands mid-cleanup above
+            await stop()
 
 
 def run_logs(
     config: dict[str, Any],
     addresses: list[str],
     subscribe_states: bool = True,
+    mqtt_resolver: Callable[[threading.Event], list[str]] | None = None,
 ) -> None:
     """Run the logs command."""
     with suppress(KeyboardInterrupt):
         asyncio.run(
-            async_run_logs(config, addresses, subscribe_states=subscribe_states)
+            async_run_logs(
+                config,
+                addresses,
+                subscribe_states=subscribe_states,
+                mqtt_resolver=mqtt_resolver,
+            )
         )
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/mqtt/__init__.py b/esphome/arduino/__init__.py
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/unit_tests/components/mqtt/__init__.py
rename to esphome/arduino/__init__.py
diff --git a/esphome/arduino/library.py b/esphome/arduino/library.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e224e62589
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/arduino/library.py
@@ -0,0 +1,531 @@
+"""Arduino-core backend for the shared PlatformIO library converter.
+
+Bundled names build straight from the framework tree; everything else goes
+through ``esphome.platformio.library``. Mirrors ``lib_ldf_mode=off``: each
+library builds its own archive; all include dirs join one global path.
+
+Deviations from PlatformIO: flat-layout libraries get the recursive default
+source filter; ``dot_a_linkage`` is honored; bundled libraries never run a
+manifest ``extraScript``; manifest ``-I`` flags join the global include path;
+``precompiled``/``ldflags`` properties are refused by name.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+import logging
+from pathlib import Path
+import re
+
+from esphome.core import CORE, EsphomeError, Library
+from esphome.helpers import walk_files
+from esphome.platformio.extra_script import apply_extra_script
+from esphome.platformio.library import (
+    DEFAULT_BUILD_INCLUDE_DIR,
+    DEFAULT_BUILD_SRC_FILTER,
+    ESPHOME_DATA_KEY,
+    ESPHOME_DATA_LINK_FLAGS_KEY,
+    LIBRARY_HEADER_SUFFIXES,
+    SRC_FILE_EXTENSIONS,
+    ConvertedLibrary,
+    IncompatiblePlatform,
+    InvalidLibrary,
+    LibraryBackend,
+    _url_or_none,
+    check_library_data,
+    collect_filtered_files,
+    convert_libraries,
+    ensure_list,
+    is_lib_ignored,
+    lex_build_flags,
+    lib_ignore_set,
+    normalize_dependencies,
+    parse_library_json,
+    parse_library_properties,
+    warn_properties_depends,
+)
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ArduinoLibrary:
+    """One resolved library, ready for the ninja generator."""
+
+    name: str
+    sources: list[Path] = field(default_factory=list)
+    include_dirs: list[Path] = field(default_factory=list)
+    # Extra compile flags private to this library's own sources
+    flags: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
+    # PlatformIO's build.libArchive / Arduino's dot_a_linkage: when False the
+    # objects go to the linker directly (symbols nothing references survive)
+    lib_archive: bool = True
+    # Link inputs the library contributes (-L dirs / -l libs, e.g. from
+    # precompiled vendor blobs) and -Wl, options for the firmware link
+    link_dirs: list[Path] = field(default_factory=list)
+    link_libs: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
+    link_flags: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
+
+
+# Source-like suffixes the case-sensitive suffix map rejects
+_UNMAPPED_SOURCE_SUFFIXES = frozenset(
+    {s.lower() for s in SRC_FILE_EXTENSIONS} | {".ino"}
+)
+
+# Filename-plain names: an allowlist excludes separators, drive colons,
+# and dot-only names by shape
+_SAFE_LIBRARY_NAME_RE = re.compile(r"[A-Za-z0-9_][A-Za-z0-9_. +-]*\Z")
+
+
+def _is_safe_library_name(name: object) -> bool:
+    """Whether a name may be joined under the framework's libraries dir."""
+    return isinstance(name, str) and _SAFE_LIBRARY_NAME_RE.fullmatch(name) is not None
+
+
+def _manifest_build(name: str, data: object) -> dict:
+    """The manifest's ``build`` section; malformed manifests fail by name."""
+    build = data.get("build", {}) if isinstance(data, dict) else None
+    if not isinstance(build, dict):
+        raise EsphomeError(f"Library {name} has a malformed manifest")
+    return build
+
+
+def _resolve_src_dir(name: str, read_path: Path, build: dict) -> str:
+    """Resolve PIO's source dir: manifest srcDir, else src/Src, else the root."""
+    if "srcDir" not in build:
+        return next((d for d in ("src", "Src") if (read_path / d).is_dir()), ".")
+    # A declared srcDir (falsy included) that does not resolve is a manifest error
+    src_dir = build["srcDir"]
+    if not (isinstance(src_dir, str) and src_dir and (read_path / src_dir).is_dir()):
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"Library {name} declares srcDir {src_dir!r} which does not exist"
+        )
+    return src_dir
+
+
+def _reject_unsupported_link_fields(name: str, data: dict) -> None:
+    # PIO honors these; ignoring them would fail at link with no stated
+    # cause. Property values are strings, so "false" is not a declaration.
+    precompiled = data.get("precompiled")
+    if precompiled and str(precompiled).strip().lower() != "false":
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"Library {name} declares precompiled, which this backend does not support"
+        )
+    if data.get("ldflags"):
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"Library {name} declares ldflags, which this backend does not support"
+        )
+
+
+def _resolve_lib_archive(name: str, data: dict, build: dict) -> bool:
+    """build.libArchive, else dot_a_linkage (an Arduino IDE property PIO
+    ignores; a deliberate extra), else archive."""
+
+    # Strict parse: bool("false") is True
+    def _parse(key: str, raw: object) -> bool:
+        if isinstance(raw, bool):
+            return raw
+        value = str(raw).strip().lower()
+        if value in ("true", "false"):
+            return value == "true"
+        raise EsphomeError(f"Library {name} has a malformed {key} value {raw!r}")
+
+    if "libArchive" in build:
+        return _parse("libArchive", build["libArchive"])
+    if "dot_a_linkage" in data:
+        return _parse("dot_a_linkage", data["dot_a_linkage"])
+    return True
+
+
+def _classify_build_flags(
+    name: str, read_path: Path, lib: ArduinoLibrary, flag_tokens: list[str]
+) -> list[str]:
+    """Route the lexed build.flags into the library's flag lists.
+
+    Returns the ``-I`` arguments for the include-dir resolution.
+    """
+    include_flags: list[str] = []
+    for tok in flag_tokens:
+        if tok.startswith("-I"):
+            include_flags.append(tok[2:])
+        elif tok.startswith("-L"):
+            link_dir = (read_path / tok[2:]).resolve()
+            if not link_dir.is_dir():
+                # Kept (the linker ignores missing -L dirs); the warning
+                # names the culprit before a bare "cannot find -lfoo"
+                _LOGGER.warning(
+                    "Library %s declares library dir %s which does not exist",
+                    name,
+                    tok[2:],
+                )
+            lib.link_dirs.append(link_dir)
+        elif tok.startswith("-l"):
+            lib.link_libs.append(tok[2:])
+        elif tok.startswith("-Wl,"):
+            lib.link_flags.append(tok)
+        else:
+            lib.flags.append(tok)
+    return include_flags
+
+
+def _resolve_include_dirs(
+    name: str,
+    read_path: Path,
+    lib: ArduinoLibrary,
+    build: dict,
+    src_dir: str,
+    include_flags: list[str],
+) -> None:
+    include_dir = build.get("includeDir", DEFAULT_BUILD_INCLUDE_DIR)
+    if not isinstance(include_dir, str):
+        raise EsphomeError(f"Library {name} has a malformed includeDir")
+    for d, explicit in [
+        (include_dir, "includeDir" in build),
+        (src_dir, False),  # _resolve_src_dir already validated it
+        *((flag, True) for flag in include_flags),
+    ]:
+        if (path := (read_path / d)).is_dir():
+            lib.include_dirs.append(path.resolve())
+        elif explicit:
+            # Warn-and-drop (unlike srcDir): a missing include dir is
+            # harmless until a header is needed, and the compile names it
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "Library %s declares include dir %s which does not exist", name, d
+            )
+
+
+def _collect_lib_sources(
+    name: str,
+    read_path: Path,
+    lib: ArduinoLibrary,
+    src_dir: str,
+    src_filter: list[str],
+) -> None:
+    sources: list[Path] = []
+    dropped: list[str] = []
+    saw_header = False
+    for f in collect_filtered_files(read_path / src_dir, src_filter):
+        path = Path(f)
+        suffix = path.suffix
+        if suffix in SRC_FILE_EXTENSIONS:
+            # resolve() per file: srcFilter patterns may escape src_dir
+            sources.append(path.resolve())
+        elif suffix.lower() in _UNMAPPED_SOURCE_SUFFIXES:
+            # A source-like suffix the case-sensitive map rejects (.CPP,
+            # .ino) is a dropped compilation unit; headers fall through
+            dropped.append(path.name)
+        elif suffix.lower() in LIBRARY_HEADER_SUFFIXES:
+            saw_header = True
+    lib.sources = sorted(sources)
+    if dropped:
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "Library %s: %d file(s) with unmapped source suffixes are not compiled: %s",
+            name,
+            len(dropped),
+            ", ".join(sorted(dropped)),
+        )
+    if not lib.sources and not saw_header:
+        # Matched headers mean header-only; a filter matching nothing is
+        # a manifest/tree problem (a truly empty tree raises elsewhere)
+        _LOGGER.warning("Library %s: no source files matched", name)
+
+
+def _library_info(name: str, read_path: Path, data: dict) -> ArduinoLibrary:
+    """Resolve one library's sources, include dirs, and flags (PIO semantics)."""
+    build = _manifest_build(name, data)
+    _reject_unsupported_link_fields(name, data)
+    src_dir = _resolve_src_dir(name, read_path, build)
+    src_filter = ensure_list(build.get("srcFilter", DEFAULT_BUILD_SRC_FILTER))
+    if not all(isinstance(entry, str) for entry in src_filter):
+        raise EsphomeError(f"Library {name} has a malformed srcFilter")
+    lib = ArduinoLibrary(name=name, lib_archive=_resolve_lib_archive(name, data, build))
+    # PlatformIO shell-lexes each build.flags entry
+    include_flags = _classify_build_flags(
+        name, read_path, lib, lex_build_flags(build.get("flags", []), f"library {name}")
+    )
+    _resolve_include_dirs(name, read_path, lib, build, src_dir, include_flags)
+    _collect_lib_sources(name, read_path, lib, src_dir, src_filter)
+    return lib
+
+
+def _bundled_library(framework_path: Path, name: str) -> ArduinoLibrary:
+    """A library bundled with the Arduino core, read from the framework tree.
+
+    ``library.json`` wins over ``library.properties`` when both exist, as in
+    PlatformIO's LibBuilderFactory; only the JSON manifest can carry a
+    ``build`` section (srcDir, srcFilter, flags).
+    """
+    lib_dir = framework_path / "libraries" / name
+    manifest_json = lib_dir / "library.json"
+    if manifest_json.is_file():
+        try:
+            data = parse_library_json(manifest_json)
+        except ValueError as err:  # JSONDecodeError
+            raise EsphomeError(
+                f"Bundled library {name} has a corrupt library.json ({err}); "
+                "the framework install may be incomplete (run 'esphome clean-all')"
+            ) from err
+    elif (manifest := lib_dir / "library.properties").is_file():
+        data = parse_library_properties(manifest)
+    else:
+        # Debug, not warning: the legacy manifest-less layout is legal and
+        # the 3.1.2 core ships one such library (FSTools), so a warning
+        # would be unactionable noise on every build using it
+        _LOGGER.debug("Bundled library %s has no manifest; using defaults", name)
+        data = {}
+    if isinstance(data, dict):
+        # Bundled manifest deps are never walked; make the skip visible
+        if data.get("dependencies"):
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "Bundled library %s declares dependencies, which are not "
+                "resolved automatically; add them with add_library() if needed",
+                name,
+            )
+        warn_properties_depends(name, data)
+        build = data.get("build")
+        if isinstance(build, dict) and build.get("extraScript"):
+            # Scripts only run on the converted path; building without
+            # the script's flags would miscompile
+            raise EsphomeError(
+                f"Bundled library {name} declares an extraScript, which is "
+                "not run for bundled libraries"
+            )
+    lib = _library_info(name, lib_dir, data)
+    _assert_tree_has_code(
+        name,
+        lib_dir,
+        "the framework install may be incomplete (run 'esphome clean-all')",
+    )
+    return lib
+
+
+def _assert_tree_has_code(name: str, root: Path, hint: str) -> None:
+    """An empty or half-extracted tree can never link; fail by name (a
+    warning would scroll away and resurface as undefined symbols)."""
+    if not any(
+        Path(p).suffix in SRC_FILE_EXTENSIONS
+        or Path(p).suffix.lower() in LIBRARY_HEADER_SUFFIXES
+        for p in walk_files(root)
+    ):
+        raise EsphomeError(f"Library {name} has no sources or headers; {hint}")
+
+
+def _external_short_name(name: str) -> str:
+    """The short library name of a requested spec.
+
+    "owner/Name" and plain names take the last path segment; "Name=<url>"
+    takes the declared name. Git tails (".git", "#ref") are stripped like
+    the walk's URL normalization; the comparand is a manifest dependency
+    name, never a spec.
+    """
+    head, sep, tail = name.partition("=")
+    if sep and "://" in tail:
+        return head
+    short = name.rsplit("/", maxsplit=1)[-1]
+    return short.partition("#")[0].removesuffix(".git")
+
+
+def _check_unfulfilled_provides(
+    provided_requests: set[str], satisfied: set[str], still_requested: set[str]
+) -> None:
+    """Fail by name when a walk-skipped dependency was never added.
+
+    An unfulfilled provides() promise only surfaces as undefined symbols
+    at link. The walk records across re-resolutions, so a name no final
+    manifest still requests is stale state, never a failure.
+    """
+    if missing := sorted((provided_requests & still_requested) - satisfied):
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            "provides() skipped these dependencies but nothing added them: "
+            f"{', '.join(missing)}; the build is missing libraries"
+        )
+
+
+def resolve_libraries(
+    framework_path: Path, *, pio_platform: str, board_mcu: str, cache_key: str
+) -> list[ArduinoLibrary]:
+    """Resolve every ``cg.add_library()`` entry into an :class:`ArduinoLibrary`.
+
+    ``pio_platform``/``board_mcu`` filter manifests the way PlatformIO would
+    for that core (e.g. ``espressif8266``/``esp8266``); ``cache_key`` keys the
+    shared converter's download cache.
+
+    The returned list is not topologically sorted, so the caller must link
+    the archives inside one ``--start-group``/``--end-group`` pair (the
+    bundled-first grouping is incidental).
+    """
+    bundled: list[ArduinoLibrary] = []
+    external: list[Library] = []
+    # PlatformIO's lib_ignore covers framework-bundled libraries too; the
+    # shared converter only filters the registry/git ones.
+    lib_ignore = lib_ignore_set()
+    # Exact directory names keep membership case-sensitive everywhere
+    # (an is_dir() probe would match "wire" on macOS/Windows and build
+    # the bundled Wire twice)
+    libraries_dir = framework_path / "libraries"
+    if not libraries_dir.is_dir():
+        # A registry fallback would fail later with a misleading
+        # package-not-found error per bundled name
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"{libraries_dir} is missing; the framework install may be "
+            "incomplete (run 'esphome clean-all')"
+        )
+    bundled_dir_names = frozenset(p.name for p in libraries_dir.iterdir() if p.is_dir())
+
+    def _provided(name: object) -> bool:
+        return _is_safe_library_name(name) and name in bundled_dir_names
+
+    for library in CORE.platformio_libraries.values():
+        if is_lib_ignored(library.name, lib_ignore):
+            continue
+        # Bundled only for a bare name with a matching framework dir; pinned
+        # or unmatched names resolve from the registry, as under PlatformIO.
+        if not library.repository and not library.version and _provided(library.name):
+            # Bundled manifest deps are not walked; _bundled_library warns
+            bundled.append(_bundled_library(framework_path, library.name))
+        else:
+            external.append(library)
+
+    converted: list[ArduinoLibrary] = []
+    bundled_names = {lib.name for lib in bundled}
+    converted_manifest_names: set[str] = set()
+    # Bundled candidates skipped on purpose (platform filter); the
+    # provides() reconciliation must count them as satisfied
+    knowingly_skipped: set[str] = set()
+    # Dependency names of the manifests actually emitted; a walk recording
+    # for a since-re-resolved manifest must not fail the reconciliation
+    final_dep_names: set[str] = set()
+    # Ordered set of bundled dependency names to add once conversion is done
+    pending_bundled: dict[str, None] = {}
+    # Deps matching a separately-requested external are already in the build
+    # (a duplicate archive means duplicate-symbol link errors)
+    external_short_names = {
+        _external_short_name(lib.name) for lib in external if lib.name
+    }
+
+    def _add_bundled_dependencies(component: ConvertedLibrary) -> None:
+        # A version-less bare name ("Hash") is a core-bundled library the
+        # shared converter cannot resolve from the registry
+        for dep in normalize_dependencies(
+            component.data.get("dependencies"), component.name
+        ):
+            # normalize_dependencies guarantees a non-empty str name
+            name = dep["name"]
+            final_dep_names.add(name)
+            if "/" in name:
+                owner, _, pkg = name.partition("/")
+                if _is_safe_library_name(owner) and _is_safe_library_name(pkg):
+                    # Owner-qualified; the converter resolves it from the registry
+                    continue
+            if not _is_safe_library_name(name):
+                # The name becomes a path component; never join a traversal
+                _LOGGER.warning(
+                    "Ignoring malformed dependency entry %r of library %s",
+                    dep,
+                    component.name,
+                )
+                continue
+            if name in external_short_names:
+                if _provided(name):
+                    # A bundled copy is suppressed; a coincidental name
+                    # collision would surface as link errors
+                    _LOGGER.warning(
+                        "Dependency %s of %s is assumed satisfied by a "
+                        "requested external library; the bundled copy is "
+                        "not added",
+                        name,
+                        component.name,
+                    )
+                else:
+                    _LOGGER.debug(
+                        "Dependency %s of %s assumed satisfied by a requested "
+                        "external library",
+                        name,
+                        component.name,
+                    )
+                continue
+            if name in bundled_names or is_lib_ignored(name, lib_ignore):
+                continue
+            if _url_or_none(dep.get("version")) is not None:
+                # A URL names one specific source; never add the bundled copy
+                continue
+            if dep.get("owner") or not _provided(name):
+                # Only owner-less framework-tree names take the bundled
+                # copy (PIO's process_dependencies); the walk reports drops
+                continue
+            try:
+                # framework=None: the walk already warned for non-platform
+                # causes; debug keeps one fault from warning twice (pinned
+                # by test_nonplatform_rejection_warns_once_through_real_converter)
+                check_library_data(dep, pio_platform, None)
+            except IncompatiblePlatform as err:
+                # A knowing skip (platform filter), not a broken promise
+                knowingly_skipped.add(name)
+                _LOGGER.debug("Skip bundled candidate %s: %s", name, err)
+                continue
+            except InvalidLibrary as err:
+                # Malformed manifest data never counts as satisfied; the
+                # walk owns the warning (see the warns-once test above)
+                _LOGGER.debug("Skip malformed bundled candidate %s: %s", name, err)
+                continue
+            # Deferred: a later manifest name may satisfy this
+            pending_bundled.setdefault(name)
+
+    def _emit(component: ConvertedLibrary) -> None:
+        apply_extra_script(
+            component, board_mcu=lambda: board_mcu, pio_platform=pio_platform
+        )
+        _assert_tree_has_code(
+            component.get_require_name(),
+            component.source_dir,
+            "the download may be incomplete (run 'esphome clean-all')",
+        )
+        if isinstance(manifest_name := component.data.get("name"), str):
+            converted_manifest_names.add(manifest_name)
+        lib = _library_info(
+            component.get_require_name(), component.source_dir, component.data
+        )
+        # Extra-script LINKFLAGS travel outside build.flags; dropping
+        # them would link wrong with no stated cause
+        lib.link_flags.extend(
+            component.data.get(ESPHOME_DATA_KEY, {}).get(
+                ESPHOME_DATA_LINK_FLAGS_KEY, []
+            )
+        )
+        converted.append(lib)
+        _add_bundled_dependencies(component)
+
+    backend = LibraryBackend(
+        platform=pio_platform,
+        framework="arduino",
+        emit=_emit,
+        cache_key=cache_key,
+        # The walk must not resolve bundled names from the registry;
+        # _add_bundled_dependencies adds them after emit
+        provides=_provided,
+    )
+    if external:
+        convert_libraries(external, backend)
+    for name in pending_bundled:
+        if name in converted_manifest_names:
+            # The converted library is this one; the bundled copy would
+            # double the archive. Warn like the external_short_names twin.
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "Dependency %s is assumed satisfied by a converted library's "
+                "manifest name; the bundled copy is not added",
+                name,
+            )
+            continue
+        bundled_names.add(name)
+        bundled.append(_bundled_library(framework_path, name))
+
+    _check_unfulfilled_provides(
+        backend.provided_requests,
+        bundled_names
+        | converted_manifest_names
+        | external_short_names
+        | knowingly_skipped,
+        final_dep_names,
+    )
+
+    return bundled + converted
diff --git a/esphome/arduino8266/__init__.py b/esphome/arduino8266/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8f403a8553
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/arduino8266/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+"""Native (PlatformIO-free) build support for the ESP8266 Arduino core.
+
+This package downloads the Arduino ESP8266 core and the xtensa-lx106
+toolchain, generates a ninja build for them plus the ESPHome sources, and
+drives the build directly — the ESP8266 equivalent of ``esphome.espidf``.
+
+Deliberately importable without the esp8266 component to avoid circular
+imports; the component wires these modules in via lazy imports.
+"""
diff --git a/esphome/arduino8266/framework.py b/esphome/arduino8266/framework.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1edbe4b36f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/arduino8266/framework.py
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+"""Download and install the Arduino ESP8266 core, toolchain, and ninja.
+
+Artifacts land in a machine-global cache (shared across projects, like the
+ESP-IDF install in ``esphome.espidf.framework``):
+
+    <cache>/arduino8266/frameworks/<version>/   framework-arduinoespressif8266
+    <cache>/arduino8266/toolchains/<version>/   toolchain-xtensa (gcc 10.3)
+
+Packages come from the PlatformIO registry (identical bits to the PlatformIO
+backend); ``ESPHOME_ARDUINO8266_*_MIRRORS`` overrides the URLs. ninja comes
+from PATH or the ninja PyPI wheel.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import NamedTuple
+
+from esphome.build_helpers.ccache import ccache_defaults_env
+from esphome.build_helpers.ninja import find_ninja
+from esphome.build_helpers.tools_cache import ARDUINO8266_TOOLS_CACHE, tools_cache_path
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError, Version
+from esphome.framework_helpers import str_to_lst_of_str
+from esphome.platformio.registry import install_package, prefetch_packages
+
+FRAMEWORK_PACKAGE = "framework-arduinoespressif8266"
+TOOLCHAIN_PACKAGE = "toolchain-xtensa"
+# gcc 10.3, the toolchain Arduino core 3.x builds with; the build
+# generator's compile flags are tuned to it.
+TOOLCHAIN_VERSION = "2.100300.220621"
+
+ESPHOME_ARDUINO8266_FRAMEWORK_MIRRORS = str_to_lst_of_str(
+    os.environ.get("ESPHOME_ARDUINO8266_FRAMEWORK_MIRRORS", "")
+)
+ESPHOME_ARDUINO8266_TOOLCHAIN_MIRRORS = str_to_lst_of_str(
+    os.environ.get("ESPHOME_ARDUINO8266_TOOLCHAIN_MIRRORS", "")
+)
+
+
+def get_arduino8266_tools_path() -> Path:
+    # Machine-global so all projects share one install; see
+    # espidf.framework.get_idf_tools_path for the location rationale.
+    return tools_cache_path(*ARDUINO8266_TOOLS_CACHE)
+
+
+# 3.1.1 rather than 3.1.0: the registry has no package for 3.1.0, and the
+# encoder below cannot name 3.0.0/3.0.1 either (see its docstring)
+MIN_FRAMEWORK_VERSION = Version(3, 1, 1)
+
+
+def framework_package_version(ver: Version) -> str:
+    """Map an Arduino core version to its registry package version (3.1.2 ->
+    3.30102.0; the leading 3 is the package major).
+
+    Exact registry names only for cores > 2.6.2 and >= 3.0.2; callers floor
+    at MIN_FRAMEWORK_VERSION.
+    """
+    if ver.major > 3:
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"Arduino core {ver} is not supported yet; "
+            "the newest known core series is 3.x"
+        )
+    if ver <= Version(2, 6, 2):
+        # Cores <= 2.6.2 use the older 1.x/2.x package-major encodings (same
+        # boundary as _format_framework_arduino_version's era guard)
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"Arduino core {ver} uses an older package encoding than this "
+            "helper implements (newer than 2.6.2)"
+        )
+    return f"3.{ver.major}{ver.minor:02d}{ver.patch:02d}.0"
+
+
+def get_framework_path(package_version: str) -> Path:
+    return get_arduino8266_tools_path() / "frameworks" / package_version
+
+
+def get_toolchain_path() -> Path:
+    return get_arduino8266_tools_path() / "toolchains" / TOOLCHAIN_VERSION
+
+
+class InstalledPaths(NamedTuple):
+    """Locations of the installed framework, toolchain, and ninja binary."""
+
+    framework: Path
+    toolchain: Path
+    ninja: Path
+
+
+def check_and_install(framework_version: Version) -> InstalledPaths:
+    """Ensure framework, toolchain, and ninja are installed; return their paths."""
+    if framework_version < MIN_FRAMEWORK_VERSION:
+        # Config validation enforces this too; keep the module honest when
+        # called directly.
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"The native toolchain requires the Arduino core "
+            f">= {MIN_FRAMEWORK_VERSION}, got {framework_version}"
+        )
+    # Probe the cheap local dependency before ~110 MB of downloads
+    ninja_path = find_ninja()
+    package_version = framework_package_version(framework_version)
+    framework_path = get_framework_path(package_version)
+    downloads_dir = get_arduino8266_tools_path() / "downloads"
+    toolchain_path = get_toolchain_path()
+    # One spec per package: the prefetch and the installs must agree
+    specs = (
+        (
+            FRAMEWORK_PACKAGE,
+            package_version,
+            framework_path,
+            ESPHOME_ARDUINO8266_FRAMEWORK_MIRRORS,
+            ("cores/esp8266", "tools/sdk", "libraries"),
+        ),
+        (
+            TOOLCHAIN_PACKAGE,
+            TOOLCHAIN_VERSION,
+            toolchain_path,
+            ESPHOME_ARDUINO8266_TOOLCHAIN_MIRRORS,
+            # xtensa-lx106-elf pins the target: every gcc package has a bin/
+            ("bin", "xtensa-lx106-elf"),
+        ),
+    )
+    # Fetch both archives at once; the installs below verify and extract
+    prefetch_packages([spec[:4] for spec in specs], downloads_dir)
+    for name, version, dest, mirrors, expect in specs:
+        install_package(name, version, dest, mirrors, downloads_dir, expect=expect)
+    return InstalledPaths(
+        framework=framework_path, toolchain=toolchain_path, ninja=ninja_path
+    )
+
+
+def toolchain_tool(toolchain_path: Path, name: str) -> Path:
+    """Path to one toolchain tool (gcc, g++, ar, size, addr2line, ...).
+
+    The single owner of the ``bin/xtensa-lx106-elf-<name>`` layout and the
+    Windows suffix, so a toolchain package bump touches one spot.
+    """
+    suffix = ".exe" if os.name == "nt" else ""
+    return toolchain_path / "bin" / f"xtensa-lx106-elf-{name}{suffix}"
+
+
+def get_build_env(toolchain_path: Path, ccache: str | None) -> dict[str, str]:
+    env = os.environ.copy()
+    # Drop empty entries: a trailing separator from an absent PATH would
+    # make the shell search the current directory for tools
+    parts = [
+        str(toolchain_path / "bin"),
+        *filter(None, env.get("PATH", "").split(os.pathsep)),
+    ]
+    env["PATH"] = os.pathsep.join(parts)
+    env.update(ccache_env(ccache))
+    return env
+
+
+def ccache_env(ccache: str | None) -> dict[str, str]:
+    """Return ccache settings for the build subprocess (not os.environ).
+
+    ``ccache`` is the pre-resolved binary (resolve_ccache_path), or None
+    when disabled. Values the user already set in the environment are
+    respected.
+    """
+    if ccache is None:
+        return {}
+    return ccache_defaults_env(get_arduino8266_tools_path() / "ccache")
diff --git a/esphome/build_gen/build_tool.py b/esphome/build_gen/build_tool.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..00aa1ec69d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/build_gen/build_tool.py
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+"""Tiny cross-platform build steps invoked from the generated ninja file.
+
+Plain script (not ``python -m``): it runs from ninja with whatever Python
+started esphome and must not depend on the package being importable.
+
+Subcommands:
+    ar <ar-binary> <archive> <rspfile>   remove stale archive, then ``ar rcs``
+    copy <src> <dst>                     copy a file
+
+The ar rspfile carries one object path per line (the generating rule must
+use ``$in_newline``, never ``$in``).
+"""
+
+from pathlib import Path
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import sys
+
+
+def _read_rspfile(rspfile: str) -> list[str]:
+    r"""The object paths listed in ``rspfile``, unquoted.
+
+    GNU ar treats backslashes in response files as escapes (corrupts
+    Windows paths), so the caller expands the list into argv; strip the
+    simple surrounding quote ninja adds to special paths, then undo
+    ninja's POSIX escape for an embedded quote ('a'\\''b.o' -> a'b.o).
+    """
+    return [
+        line[1:-1].replace("'\\''", "'")
+        if len(line) >= 2 and line[0] == line[-1] and line[0] in "'\""
+        else line
+        for line in Path(rspfile).read_text(encoding="utf-8").splitlines()
+        if line
+    ]
+
+
+def _run_ar(ar: str, archive: str, rspfile: str) -> int:
+    # Remove first: ``ar rcs`` replaces members but never drops ones whose
+    # source was removed from the build, which would leak stale objects.
+    Path(archive).unlink(missing_ok=True)
+    objects = _read_rspfile(rspfile)
+    if not objects:
+        # An empty archive would "succeed" here and fail far away at link
+        print(f"ar: no objects listed in {rspfile} for {archive}", file=sys.stderr)
+        return 1
+    # Batch by argv length: expanding the rspfile gives back the Windows
+    # 32767-char command-line limit it existed to avoid. "rcs" creates,
+    # "qs" appends; the s keeps the symbol index explicit on every ar.
+    op = "rcs"
+    ok = False
+    try:
+        while objects:
+            batch = [objects.pop(0)]
+            batch_len = len(batch[0])
+            while objects and batch_len + len(objects[0]) < 25000:
+                batch_len += len(objects[0]) + 1
+                batch.append(objects.pop(0))
+            rc = subprocess.run(
+                [ar, op, archive, *batch], check=False, close_fds=False
+            ).returncode
+            if rc != 0:
+                return rc
+            op = "qs"
+        ok = True
+        return 0
+    finally:
+        if not ok:
+            # Any failure (bad exit, missing ar binary, interrupt) must not
+            # leave a truncated archive behind
+            Path(archive).unlink(missing_ok=True)
+
+
+def _run_copy(src: str, dst: str) -> int:
+    try:
+        shutil.copyfile(src, dst)
+    except OSError as err:
+        # Never leave a partially written output (e.g. a firmware image);
+        # SameFileError means dst IS src, where unlinking destroys the input
+        if not isinstance(err, shutil.SameFileError):
+            Path(dst).unlink(missing_ok=True)
+        print(f"copy: {src} -> {dst} failed: {err}", file=sys.stderr)
+        return 1
+    return 0
+
+
+# mode -> (handler, expected operand count); surplus argv means a
+# mis-specified ninja rule and must error, not silently drop operands
+_MODES = {"ar": (_run_ar, 3), "copy": (_run_copy, 2)}
+
+
+def main() -> int:
+    mode = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else ""
+    if entry := _MODES.get(mode):
+        handler, argc = entry
+        args = sys.argv[2:]
+        if len(args) != argc:
+            print(
+                f"build_tool {mode}: expected {argc} arguments, got {len(args)}",
+                file=sys.stderr,
+            )
+            return 1
+        return handler(*args)
+    print(f"unknown build_tool mode: {mode}", file=sys.stderr)
+    return 1
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    sys.exit(main())
diff --git a/esphome/build_gen/espidf.py b/esphome/build_gen/espidf.py
index cf476555e7..2ef89cf595 100644
--- a/esphome/build_gen/espidf.py
+++ b/esphome/build_gen/espidf.py
@@ -1,11 +1,18 @@
 """ESP-IDF direct build generator for ESPHome."""
 
 import json
+import logging
 from pathlib import Path
 
-from esphome.components.esp32 import get_esp32_variant, idf_version
+from esphome.components.esp32 import (
+    get_esp32_variant,
+    get_excluded_builtin_components,
+    get_managed_component_require_names,
+    idf_version,
+)
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.espidf import variant_to_idf_target
 from esphome.framework_helpers import (
     get_project_compile_flags,
     get_project_cxx_compile_flags,
@@ -13,6 +20,8 @@ from esphome.framework_helpers import (
 )
 from esphome.helpers import mkdir_p, write_file_if_changed
 
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
 # Replaces the IDF default C++ standard (-std=gnu++2b appended to
 # CXX_COMPILE_OPTIONS by project.cmake's __build_init) with the one set via
 # cg.set_cpp_standard(). Emitted between include(project.cmake) and project(),
@@ -26,11 +35,12 @@ idf_build_set_property(CXX_COMPILE_OPTIONS "${{esphome_cxx_compile_options}}")""
 
 
 def get_available_components() -> list[str] | None:
-    """Get list of built-in ESP-IDF components from project_description.json.
+    """List the built-in ESP-IDF components from ``project_description.json``.
 
-    Excludes ``src``, IDF-managed components (``managed_components/``), and
-    converted PIO libs (``pio_components/``). Returns ``None`` if the build
-    dir or ``project_description.json`` isn't ready yet.
+    Only components below its ``idf_path/components`` count, which leaves out
+    ``src``, IDF-managed components, converted PIO libs and project local
+    ones such as the Arduino ``component_stubs``. Returns ``None`` if the
+    build dir or ``project_description.json`` isn't ready yet.
     """
     if CORE.build_path is None:
         return None
@@ -41,41 +51,44 @@ def get_available_components() -> list[str] | None:
     try:
         with project_desc.open(encoding="utf-8") as f:
             data = json.load(f)
-
-        component_info = data.get("build_component_info", {})
-
-        result = []
-        for name, info in component_info.items():
-            # Exclude our own src component
-            if name == "src":
-                continue
-
-            # Exclude IDF-managed and converted-PIO components (external).
-            comp_dir = info.get("dir", "")
-            if "managed_components" in comp_dir or "pio_components" in comp_dir:
-                continue
-
-            result.append(name)
-
-        return result
-    except (json.JSONDecodeError, OSError):
+        root = (Path(data["idf_path"]) / "components").resolve()
+        result = [
+            name
+            for name, info in data.get("build_component_info", {}).items()
+            if (comp_dir := info.get("dir"))
+            and Path(comp_dir).resolve().is_relative_to(root)
+        ]
+    except (json.JSONDecodeError, KeyError, OSError) as err:
+        _LOGGER.debug("Could not read %s: %s", project_desc, err)
         return None
+    if not result:
+        _LOGGER.warning("No ESP-IDF components found under %s", root)
+    return result
 
 
 def has_discovered_components() -> bool:
-    """Check if we have discovered components from a previous configure."""
-    return get_available_components() is not None
+    """Check if a previous configure discovered any built-in components."""
+    return bool(get_available_components())
 
 
-def get_project_cmakelists(minimal: bool = False) -> str:
+def _cmake_quote(value: str) -> str:
+    """Quote a cmake arg value for a set() line. add_cmake_arg rejects
+    whitespace, quotes, and '$', so only backslashes need escaping."""
+    escaped = value.replace("\\", "\\\\")
+    return f'"{escaped}"'
+
+
+def get_project_cmakelists(
+    minimal: bool = False, builtin_components: list[str] | None = None
+) -> str:
     """Generate the top-level CMakeLists.txt for ESP-IDF project.
 
     When ``minimal`` is true, omit ``ESPHOME_PROJECT_BUILTIN_COMPONENTS``
     since ``project_description.json`` may be stale on the first write.
+    ``builtin_components`` supplies the discovered list (from the cache)
+    instead of reading it from ``project_description.json``.
     """
-    # Get IDF target from ESP32 variant (e.g., ESP32S3 -> esp32s3)
-    variant = get_esp32_variant()
-    idf_target = variant.lower().replace("-", "")
+    idf_target = variant_to_idf_target(get_esp32_variant())
 
     # esp_idf_size 2.x (bundled with IDF >=6.0) made NG the default and
     # removed the --ng flag; on 1.x (IDF 5.5) --ng is required to get
@@ -109,6 +122,15 @@ def get_project_cmakelists(minimal: bool = False) -> str:
         else ""
     )
 
+    # CMake variables registered via cg.add_cmake_arg(). Emitted before
+    # include(project.cmake) so values like EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS are already
+    # set when project.cmake seeds the component list, and on minimal
+    # (discovery) writes too so excluded components never register.
+    cmake_args = "\n".join(
+        f"set({name} {_cmake_quote(value)})"
+        for name, value in sorted(CORE.cmake_args.items())
+    )
+
     # Per-project list exposed as a CMake variable so converted PIO libs
     # can reference ${ESPHOME_PROJECT_MANAGED_COMPONENTS} without baking
     # project-specific names into their cached CMakeLists.
@@ -119,8 +141,6 @@ def get_project_cmakelists(minimal: bool = False) -> str:
     # runs as a separate CMake script invocation that doesn't load the
     # project's top-level CMakeLists; without this, ${ESPHOME_PROJECT_
     # MANAGED_COMPONENTS} in a converted-lib REQUIRES expands to empty).
-    from esphome.components.esp32 import get_managed_component_require_names
-
     managed_components_property = "\n".join(
         f"idf_build_set_property(ESPHOME_PROJECT_MANAGED_COMPONENTS {name} APPEND)"
         for name in get_managed_component_require_names()
@@ -131,12 +151,24 @@ def get_project_cmakelists(minimal: bool = False) -> str:
     # component's REQUIRES including real IDF components). Referenced by
     # src/CMakeLists and by each converted PIO lib's CMakeLists. Skipped
     # on minimal writes because project_description.json may be stale.
+    # Excluded components are dropped here as well: a stale
+    # project_description.json from a build without exclusions may still
+    # list them, and requiring an excluded component pulls it back into
+    # the build (IDF requirement expansion overrides EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS).
+    # Derived from the EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS cmake arg emitted above so the
+    # two can never disagree within one generated file.
     builtin_components_property = (
         ""
         if minimal
         else "\n".join(
             f"idf_build_set_property(ESPHOME_PROJECT_BUILTIN_COMPONENTS {name} APPEND)"
-            for name in sorted(get_available_components() or [])
+            for name in sorted(
+                set(
+                    builtin_components
+                    if builtin_components is not None
+                    else get_available_components() or []
+                ).difference(CORE.cmake_args.get("EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS", "").split(";"))
+            )
         )
     )
 
@@ -163,6 +195,8 @@ set(CMAKE_NINJA_FORCE_RESPONSE_FILE 1)
 set(IDF_TARGET {idf_target})
 set(EXTRA_COMPONENT_DIRS ${{CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}}/src)
 
+{cmake_args}
+
 include($ENV{{IDF_PATH}}/tools/cmake/project.cmake)
 
 {cpp_standard_options}
@@ -248,7 +282,9 @@ target_link_options(${{COMPONENT_LIB}} PUBLIC
 """
 
 
-def write_project(minimal: bool = False) -> None:
+def write_project(
+    minimal: bool = False, builtin_components: list[str] | None = None
+) -> None:
     """Write ESP-IDF project files."""
     mkdir_p(CORE.build_path)
     mkdir_p(CORE.relative_src_path())
@@ -256,7 +292,7 @@ def write_project(minimal: bool = False) -> None:
     # Write top-level CMakeLists.txt
     write_file_if_changed(
         CORE.relative_build_path("CMakeLists.txt"),
-        get_project_cmakelists(minimal=minimal),
+        get_project_cmakelists(minimal=minimal, builtin_components=builtin_components),
     )
 
     # Write component CMakeLists.txt in src/
@@ -264,3 +300,13 @@ def write_project(minimal: bool = False) -> None:
         CORE.relative_src_path("CMakeLists.txt"),
         get_component_cmakelists(),
     )
+
+    # Snapshot the exclusion set so has_outdated_files() can trigger a
+    # discovery reconfigure when it changes. Excluded components never
+    # register in project_description.json, so re-including one (e.g. a
+    # config gains mqtt) requires a fresh discovery pass before the
+    # ESPHOME_PROJECT_BUILTIN_COMPONENTS property can list it.
+    write_file_if_changed(
+        CORE.relative_build_path("exclude_components.esphomeinternal"),
+        ";".join(get_excluded_builtin_components()),
+    )
diff --git a/esphome/build_gen/platformio.py b/esphome/build_gen/platformio.py
index b63c4b733d..0a12d344a0 100644
--- a/esphome/build_gen/platformio.py
+++ b/esphome/build_gen/platformio.py
@@ -63,6 +63,17 @@ def get_ini_content():
     # Add extra script for C++ flags
     CORE.add_platformio_option("extra_scripts", [f"pre:{CXX_FLAGS_FILE_NAME}"])
 
+    # Add CMake args. A user-supplied value (str or list) is deliberately
+    # replaced; this option was always overwritten at FINAL priority.
+    if CORE.cmake_args:
+        CORE.add_platformio_option(
+            "board_build.cmake_extra_args",
+            " ".join(
+                f"-D{name}={value}" for name, value in sorted(CORE.cmake_args.items())
+            ),
+            replace=True,
+        )
+
     content = "[platformio]\n"
     content += f"description = ESPHome {__version__}\n"
 
diff --git a/esphome/build_helpers/__init__.py b/esphome/build_helpers/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..df956a2509
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/build_helpers/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+"""Build helpers shared by the native (non-PlatformIO) toolchains."""
diff --git a/esphome/build_helpers/ccache.py b/esphome/build_helpers/ccache.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5b5c7f247f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/build_helpers/ccache.py
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+"""Shared ccache policy for build backends: env-knob parsing, binary
+resolution, and default ``CCACHE_*`` values."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from esphome.framework_helpers import strip_win_long_path_prefix, tool_version_runs
+from esphome.helpers import FALSY_ENV_STRINGS, TRUTHY_ENV_STRINGS
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def _ccache_runs(ccache: str) -> bool:
+    """Return True when the ``ccache`` found on PATH actually runs."""
+    return tool_version_runs(
+        ccache,
+        "Ignoring ccache at %s because it failed to run; compiling without ccache",
+    )
+
+
+def parse_enable_env(name: str) -> bool | None:
+    """Strictly parse an on/off environment knob; None when unset or invalid.
+
+    ``bool(str)`` truthiness would flip ``no``/``off`` to enabled, so only
+    1/true/yes/on and 0/false/no/off count; anything else warns and reads
+    as unset so the caller's default policy applies.
+    """
+    raw = os.environ.get(name)
+    if raw is None:
+        return None
+    lowered = raw.strip().lower()
+    if not lowered:
+        # ENV KNOB= (Docker/CI) has always read as a disable
+        return False
+    if lowered in TRUTHY_ENV_STRINGS:
+        return True
+    if lowered in FALSY_ENV_STRINGS:
+        return False
+    _LOGGER.warning("Ignoring unrecognized %s=%r; use 1 or 0", name, raw)
+    return None
+
+
+def resolve_ccache_path() -> str | None:
+    """The ccache binary to wrap compiles with, or None when disabled.
+
+    An explicit ``ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE=1`` skips the runnability probe; the
+    Windows extended-length prefix is stripped before probing (#18399).
+    """
+    import shutil
+
+    explicit = parse_enable_env("ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE")
+    if explicit is False:
+        return None
+    ccache = shutil.which("ccache")
+    if ccache is None:
+        if explicit:
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE is set but no ccache binary is on PATH; "
+                "compiling without ccache"
+            )
+        return None
+    ccache = strip_win_long_path_prefix(ccache)
+    if not explicit and not _ccache_runs(ccache):
+        return None
+    return ccache
+
+
+def ccache_defaults_env(cache_dir: Path) -> dict[str, str]:
+    """Default ``CCACHE_*`` values for a build subprocess (not os.environ).
+
+    Values the user already set in the environment are respected. Depend
+    mode is on: both native backends emit depfiles (-MMD / CMake), which
+    keeps cache-miss overhead low.
+    """
+    from esphome.core import CORE
+
+    # An unset build_path means the env was built before preload; fail loudly
+    # rather than silently drop CCACHE_BASEDIR.
+    if CORE.build_path is None:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "CORE.build_path must be set before constructing the build environment"
+        )
+    defaults = {
+        "CCACHE_DIR": str(cache_dir),
+        "CCACHE_NOHASHDIR": "true",
+        "CCACHE_DEPEND": "1",
+        "CCACHE_BASEDIR": str(Path(CORE.build_path).resolve()),
+    }
+    return {k: v for k, v in defaults.items() if k not in os.environ}
diff --git a/esphome/espidf/idedata.py b/esphome/build_helpers/idedata.py
similarity index 51%
rename from esphome/espidf/idedata.py
rename to esphome/build_helpers/idedata.py
index 0047d568e2..038fe64970 100644
--- a/esphome/espidf/idedata.py
+++ b/esphome/build_helpers/idedata.py
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-"""Derive idedata from an ESP-IDF native-toolchain ``compile_commands.json``.
+"""Derive idedata from a native (non-PlatformIO) build's ``compile_commands.json``.
 
-PlatformIO exposes a curated ``pio run -t idedata`` JSON; the native ESP-IDF
-toolchain has no such command, but its CMake build emits
-``build/compile_commands.json`` (CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS). This module
-turns that file into the same fields consumers (IDE integration, clang-tidy)
-expect:
+PlatformIO exposes a curated ``pio run -t idedata`` JSON; the native
+toolchains have no such command, but each build produces a
+``compile_commands.json`` (CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS for ESP-IDF, ninja's
+compdb tool otherwise). This module turns that file into the same fields
+consumers (IDE integration, clang-tidy) expect:
 
     {cc_path, cxx_path, cxx_flags, defines, includes: {build, toolchain}}
 """
@@ -18,6 +18,19 @@ from pathlib import Path
 import shlex
 import subprocess
 
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError
+from esphome.helpers import write_file
+
+# Everything idedata generation may raise after a successful link; idedata
+# is a bonus artifact, so consumers warn instead of failing the build
+IDEDATA_BEST_EFFORT_ERRORS = (
+    EsphomeError,
+    LookupError,
+    OSError,
+    RuntimeError,
+    ValueError,
+)
+
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 # C++ translation-unit suffixes used to identify ESPHome source files.
@@ -30,12 +43,8 @@ _ESPHOME_SRC_MARKER = "/src/esphome/"
 
 
 def _is_esphome_src(file: str) -> bool:
-    """Whether ``file`` is an ESPHome C++ translation unit.
-
-    ``compile_commands.json`` ``file`` paths use the OS-native separator, so on
-    Windows they contain backslashes; normalize to ``/`` before testing the
-    marker, otherwise no source matches and the build-include union is empty.
-    """
+    """Whether ``file`` is an ESPHome C++ translation unit; normalized to
+    ``/`` first since Windows compile DBs use backslashes."""
     return _ESPHOME_SRC_MARKER in file.replace("\\", "/") and file.endswith(
         _CXX_SUFFIXES
     )
@@ -106,11 +115,8 @@ def _expand_response_files(tokens: list[str], directory: Path) -> list[str]:
 
 
 def _pick_entry(entries: list[dict]) -> dict:
-    """Pick a representative ESPHome C++ translation unit.
-
-    All ESPHome sources share the same component flags/defines, so any one of
-    them yields the cxx_path / cxx_flags / defines we need.
-    """
+    """Pick a representative ESPHome C++ TU; all share the same component
+    flags/defines."""
     for entry in entries:
         if _is_esphome_src(entry["file"]):
             return entry
@@ -120,25 +126,46 @@ def _pick_entry(entries: list[dict]) -> dict:
     raise ValueError("no C++ translation unit found in compile_commands.json")
 
 
-def _parse_entry(entry: dict) -> tuple[str, list[str], list[str], list[str]]:
+# Compiler launchers that may prefix a compile command; a closed launcher
+# denylist beats enumerating compiler names, an open set.
+_LAUNCHER_STEMS = frozenset({"ccache", "sccache", "distcc", "icecc", "buildcache"})
+
+
+def _is_launcher(token: str) -> bool:
+    return Path(token).stem.lower() in _LAUNCHER_STEMS
+
+
+def parse_entry(
+    entry: dict, launcher: str | None = None
+) -> tuple[str, list[str], list[str], list[str]]:
     """Parse one compile_commands entry -> (cxx_path, defines, includes, cxx_flags)."""
     directory = Path(entry["directory"])
     tokens = _expand_response_files(_split_command(entry["command"]), directory)
 
     def _include(raw: str) -> str:
-        # Include paths in compile_commands are interpreted relative to the
-        # entry's ``directory`` (e.g. build-local ``-Iconfig``); resolve them
-        # so the cached idedata is usable regardless of the consumer's cwd.
-        # Emit forward slashes (``normpath`` yields ``\`` on Windows) so the
-        # paths match the absolute, already-forward-slash entries in the JSON.
+        # Resolve against the entry's ``directory`` so cached idedata works
+        # from any cwd; emit forward slashes to match the JSON's own entries
         raw = raw.strip()
         if raw and not Path(raw).is_absolute():
             raw = os.path.normpath(directory / raw)
         return raw.replace("\\", "/")
 
+    # A launcher-wrapped command ("ccache g++ ...") names the compiler second
+    if launcher is not None and tokens[:1] == [launcher]:
+        tokens = tokens[1:]
+    if not tokens:
+        # An empty command, or one that was only the launcher; fail by name
+        raise ValueError(f"empty compile command for {entry.get('file')}")
+    if _is_launcher(tokens[0]) and len(tokens) > 1 and not tokens[1].startswith("-"):
+        # Stale DB built with a launcher this run no longer configures; the
+        # real compiler is the next token
+        _LOGGER.warning("Stripping unconfigured launcher %s", tokens[0])
+        tokens = tokens[1:]
     # token0 is the compiler path; the rest of the command already uses forward
     # slashes on Windows, so normalize it too for a consistent idedata file.
     cxx_path = tokens[0].replace("\\", "/")
+    # Enforced here so no caller can record ccache as the compiler
+    reject_launcher_compiler(cxx_path)
     defines: list[str] = []
     includes: list[str] = []
     cxx_flags: list[str] = []
@@ -168,7 +195,7 @@ def _parse_entry(entry: dict) -> tuple[str, list[str], list[str], list[str]]:
     return cxx_path, defines, includes, cxx_flags
 
 
-def _get_toolchain_includes(cxx_path: str) -> list[str]:
+def get_toolchain_includes(cxx_path: str) -> list[str]:
     """Query the compiler for its builtin ``#include <...>`` search dirs."""
     result = subprocess.run(
         [cxx_path, "-E", "-x", "c++", "-", "-v"],
@@ -219,26 +246,128 @@ def _cc_path_from_cxx(cxx_path: str) -> str:
     return f"{stem}{suffix}"
 
 
-def idedata_from_build(compile_commands: Path) -> dict:
+def _cache_usable(cached: object) -> bool:
+    """Check a cached idedata dict against the guarantees of the write path.
+
+    Caches written by older versions predate the launcher rejection and the
+    include-union shape; serving one would bypass both. The dict check also
+    keeps "in" from substring-matching a bare JSON string.
+    """
+    if not isinstance(cached, dict) or "cc_path" not in cached:
+        return False
+    cxx_path = cached.get("cxx_path")
+    if not isinstance(cxx_path, str) or _is_launcher(cxx_path):
+        return False
+    includes = cached.get("includes")
+    return isinstance(includes, dict) and isinstance(includes.get("build"), list)
+
+
+def load_or_build_idedata(
+    compile_commands: Path,
+    elf_path: Path,
+    cache: Path,
+    launcher: str | None = None,
+) -> dict | None:
+    """Return idedata for a compile_commands.json build, cached on mtime.
+
+    Shared by the native ESP-IDF and ESP8266 Arduino toolchains. Returns None
+    when the compile DB doesn't exist yet (nothing was built). ``launcher``
+    is the compiler-launcher path (ccache) the build was generated with, if
+    any; commands in the compile DB are prefixed with it.
+    """
+    if not compile_commands.is_file():
+        _LOGGER.debug("No %s yet; skipping idedata generation", compile_commands)
+        return None
+
+    if cache.is_file() and cache.stat().st_mtime >= compile_commands.stat().st_mtime:
+        try:
+            cached = json.loads(cache.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+        except (ValueError, OSError) as err:
+            # A recurring cause (interrupted write, disk full) would otherwise
+            # look like unexplained slow builds
+            _LOGGER.warning("Discarding unreadable idedata cache %s: %s", cache, err)
+        else:
+            if _cache_usable(cached):
+                # Re-stamp so a relocated build dir cannot serve a stale ELF path
+                cached["prog_path"] = str(elf_path)
+                return cached
+            _LOGGER.debug("Regenerating idedata: cache %s fails validation", cache)
+
+    data = idedata_from_build(compile_commands, launcher)
+    data["prog_path"] = str(elf_path)
+    cache.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    # Atomic so a crash mid-write cannot leave a truncated cache
+    write_file(cache, json.dumps(data, indent=2) + "\n")
+    return data
+
+
+def reject_launcher_compiler(cxx_path: str) -> None:
+    """Reject a compile DB naming a launcher (ccache) as the compiler; it
+    must never be probed, cached, or consumed."""
+    if _is_launcher(cxx_path):
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"compile_commands.json names the launcher {cxx_path} as the "
+            "compiler; the compile database is unusable"
+        )
+
+
+def idedata_from_build(compile_commands: Path, launcher: str | None = None) -> dict:
     """Parse compile_commands.json into the idedata fields consumers expect.
 
-    A single ESP-IDF compile entry only carries its own component's REQUIRES
-    include set, but consumers (clang-tidy) analyze ESPHome headers that
-    transitively pull in other components. So take cxx_path / cxx_flags /
-    defines from a representative ESPHome TU, but union the include dirs across
-    all ESPHome TUs to get a project-wide superset (as PlatformIO's idedata
-    provides).
+    A single compile entry only carries the include set its own translation
+    unit was built with (per-component under ESP-IDF), but consumers
+    (clang-tidy) analyze ESPHome headers that transitively pull in other
+    components. So take cxx_path / cxx_flags / defines from a representative
+    ESPHome TU, but union the include dirs across all ESPHome TUs to get a
+    project-wide superset (as PlatformIO's idedata provides).
     """
     entries = json.loads(Path(compile_commands).read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
-    cxx_path, defines, _, cxx_flags = _parse_entry(_pick_entry(entries))
+    if not isinstance(entries, list) or not all(isinstance(e, dict) for e in entries):
+        # A TypeError here would escape IDEDATA_BEST_EFFORT_ERRORS
+        raise EsphomeError(f"{compile_commands} is not a compile-command list")
 
-    build_includes: dict[str, None] = {}
+    representative = _pick_entry(entries)
+    cxx_path, defines, rep_includes, cxx_flags = parse_entry(representative, launcher)
+
+    # Seed with the representative's includes so it is not parsed twice
+    has_esphome_tu = _is_esphome_src(representative["file"])
+    build_includes: dict[str, None] = dict.fromkeys(
+        rep_includes if has_esphome_tu else ()
+    )
+
+    def _shape(entry: dict) -> str:
+        # directory + command minus TU-specific paths: same shape means the
+        # same include set, so tokenize once per shape. Response-file
+        # commands never dedupe (the .rsp contents differ per object)
+        command = entry["command"]
+        directory = entry.get("directory", "")
+        if "@" in command:
+            return f"unique:{directory}|{entry.get('output') or command}"
+        stripped = command.replace(entry.get("file", ""), "").replace(
+            entry.get("output", ""), ""
+        )
+        return f"{directory}|{stripped}"
+
+    seen_shapes = {_shape(representative)}
     for entry in entries:
-        if not _is_esphome_src(entry["file"]):
+        if entry is representative or not _is_esphome_src(entry["file"]):
             continue
-        for inc in _parse_entry(entry)[2]:
+        has_esphome_tu = True
+        if (shape := _shape(entry)) in seen_shapes:
+            _LOGGER.debug("Include union: %s shares a command shape", entry["file"])
+            continue
+        seen_shapes.add(shape)
+        for inc in parse_entry(entry, launcher)[2]:
             build_includes.setdefault(inc, None)
 
+    if not has_esphome_tu:
+        # An arbitrary fallback TU breaks clang-tidy/IDE consumers, and a
+        # warning would be cached into permanence; call sites downgrade this
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"No ESPHome translation unit found in {compile_commands}; "
+            "refusing to cache unusable idedata"
+        )
+
     return {
         "cc_path": _cc_path_from_cxx(cxx_path),
         "cxx_path": cxx_path,
@@ -246,6 +375,6 @@ def idedata_from_build(compile_commands: Path) -> dict:
         "defines": defines,
         "includes": {
             "build": list(build_includes),
-            "toolchain": _get_toolchain_includes(cxx_path),
+            "toolchain": get_toolchain_includes(cxx_path),
         },
     }
diff --git a/esphome/build_helpers/ninja.py b/esphome/build_helpers/ninja.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8c25bc9513
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/build_helpers/ninja.py
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+"""Platform-neutral helpers for ninja-driven native builds."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+import re
+import shutil
+
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError
+from esphome.framework_helpers import strip_win_long_path_prefix, tool_version_runs
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def _ninja_runs(binary: str) -> bool:
+    """Whether the ninja found on PATH actually runs (see tool_version_runs)."""
+    return tool_version_runs(
+        binary,
+        "Ignoring ninja at %s because it failed to run; "
+        "falling back to the bundled wheel",
+    )
+
+
+def find_ninja() -> Path:
+    """Locate the ninja binary: a runnable PATH hit first, else the ninja
+    PyPI wheel."""
+    if binary := shutil.which("ninja"):
+        binary = strip_win_long_path_prefix(binary)
+        if _ninja_runs(binary):
+            return Path(binary)
+    import_error: ImportError | None = None
+    try:
+        import ninja
+    except ImportError as err:
+        import_error = err
+        wheel_binary = None
+    else:
+        wheel_binary = Path(ninja.BIN_DIR) / (
+            "ninja.exe" if os.name == "nt" else "ninja"
+        )
+    if wheel_binary is None or not wheel_binary.is_file():
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            "ninja not found on PATH or in the ninja package; reinstall the "
+            "esphome Python environment"
+        ) from import_error
+    return wheel_binary
+
+
+def escape(value: Path | str) -> str:
+    """Escape a path or token for a ninja file."""
+    return str(value).replace("$", "$$").replace(":", "$:").replace(" ", "$ ")
+
+
+def quote_arg(tok: str) -> str:
+    """Quote with the CreateProcess argv rule (as ``subprocess.list2cmdline``):
+    backslash runs double only before a quote. Windows-only; ``$`` must
+    already be doubled for ninja.
+    """
+    quoted = re.sub(r'(\\*)"', lambda m: m.group(1) * 2 + '\\"', tok)
+    quoted = re.sub(r"(\\+)\Z", lambda m: m.group(1) * 2, quoted)
+    return f'"{quoted}"'
+
+
+# Force-quote any token containing a character outside the shlex.quote-style
+# safe set: ninja hands POSIX commands to /bin/sh -c, so bare (, ;, <, *, `
+# and friends would be re-parsed as shell syntax.
+_NEEDS_QUOTE = re.compile(r"[^\w@%+=:,./-]")
+
+
+def shell_token(tok: str, force: bool = False) -> str:
+    """Re-quote a lexed token for the platform shell; ``force`` always quotes.
+
+    Single quotes on POSIX (/bin/sh), the argv rule on Windows
+    (CreateProcess). ``$`` is doubled first because ninja expands it before
+    the command reaches the shell.
+    """
+    tok = tok.replace("$", "$$")  # ninja would expand a bare $ to nothing
+    if not (force or not tok or _NEEDS_QUOTE.search(tok)):
+        return tok
+    # An empty token must become '' / "" or it vanishes from the argv
+    if os.name == "nt":
+        return quote_arg(tok)
+    # shlex.quote's rule; inlined because the $-doubled token must not be
+    # re-examined for safe characters
+    return "'" + tok.replace("'", "'\"'\"'") + "'"
+
+
+def quote_path(value: Path | str) -> str:
+    """Force-quote a path for the ninja command line (shell/CreateProcess)."""
+    return shell_token(str(value), force=True)
diff --git a/esphome/build_helpers/size_summary.py b/esphome/build_helpers/size_summary.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b888111044
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/build_helpers/size_summary.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+"""The PlatformIO-format size bar shared by the native toolchains."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+
+def format_bar(used: int, total: int) -> str:
+    """Match PlatformIO's ``_format_availale_bytes`` (sic, pioupload.py) exactly."""
+    pct_raw = used / total if total else 0
+    blocks = 10
+    filled = min(int(round(blocks * pct_raw)), blocks)
+    progress = "=" * filled
+    return (
+        f"[{progress:<{blocks}}] {pct_raw: 6.1%} "
+        f"(used {used:d} bytes from {total:d} bytes)"
+    )
+
+
+def print_size_line(label: str, used: int, total: int) -> None:
+    """One PlatformIO-format summary line (``RAM``/``Flash``).
+
+    The label padding is part of the format: ``script/ci_memory_impact_extract.py``
+    matches these lines verbatim.
+    """
+    print(f"{label + ':':<7}{format_bar(used, total)}")
diff --git a/esphome/build_helpers/tools_cache.py b/esphome/build_helpers/tools_cache.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e7193a8e2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/build_helpers/tools_cache.py
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+"""Machine-global tools cache location shared by the native backends."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+
+def tools_cache_path(env_var: str, subdir: str) -> Path:
+    """A backend's machine-global tools directory, with an env override.
+
+    A blank/whitespace override is treated as unset: ``Path("")`` resolves
+    to the CWD, which ``clean-all`` would then delete.
+    """
+    import platformdirs
+
+    from esphome.helpers import get_str_env
+
+    if prefix := get_str_env(env_var, "").strip():
+        # resolve(): symlinked prefixes otherwise trip idf.py's
+        # venv-mismatch warning on every build
+        return Path(prefix).expanduser().resolve()
+    # appauthor=False keeps the Windows path short (no vendor segment);
+    # deep IDF trees run into MAX_PATH otherwise
+    return (
+        Path(platformdirs.user_cache_dir("esphome", appauthor=False)) / subdir
+    ).resolve()
+
+
+# (env override, cache subdir) per native backend. writer.clean_all wipes
+# every entry via tools_cache_path, so listing a cache here is the single
+# step that registers it for removal; the backends' own path getters use
+# the same named pairs so the two cannot drift.
+IDF_TOOLS_CACHE = ("ESPHOME_ESP_IDF_PREFIX", "idf")
+SDK_NRF_TOOLS_CACHE = ("ESPHOME_SDK_NRF_PREFIX", "sdk-nrf")
+ARDUINO8266_TOOLS_CACHE = ("ESPHOME_ARDUINO8266_PREFIX", "arduino8266")
+TOOLS_CACHE_SPECS = (IDF_TOOLS_CACHE, SDK_NRF_TOOLS_CACHE, ARDUINO8266_TOOLS_CACHE)
diff --git a/esphome/codegen.py b/esphome/codegen.py
index 2430f17f3a..5debb52b4e 100644
--- a/esphome/codegen.py
+++ b/esphome/codegen.py
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ from esphome.cpp_generator import (  # noqa: F401
     add,
     add_build_flag,
     add_build_unflag,
+    add_cmake_arg,
     add_cxx_build_flag,
     add_define,
     add_global,
@@ -77,6 +78,7 @@ from esphome.cpp_types import (  # noqa: F401
     StringRef,
     arduino_json_ns,
     bool_,
+    char,
     const_char_ptr,
     double,
     esphome_ns,
diff --git a/esphome/compiled_config.py b/esphome/compiled_config.py
index 1bcd567b84..0d855d71db 100644
--- a/esphome/compiled_config.py
+++ b/esphome/compiled_config.py
@@ -1,26 +1,193 @@
 """Validated-config cache for the upload/logs fast path.
 
-compile dumps the validated config to <data_dir>/storage/<file>.validated.yaml;
+compile dumps the validated config to <data_dir>/storage/<file>.validated.json;
 the next upload/logs for that YAML reuses it instead of running the full
-read_config pipeline. YAML round-trip (yaml_util.dump/load_yaml) keeps
-!lambda/!include/IDs/paths intact; mtime gates staleness.
+read_config pipeline. The cache is deliberately lossy: only ``!lambda``
+bodies survive typed (``Lambda``); IDs, time periods, MAC/IP addresses,
+paths, UUIDs and enums store the same string form the YAML dumper
+produced for them. JSON additionally coerces non-str dict keys to
+strings; validated configs only use string keys (every schema key
+validator is ``cv.string``). mtime gates staleness.
 """
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import json
 import logging
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
 
-from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.const import __version__ as ESPHOME_VERSION
+from esphome.core import CORE, EsphomeError, Lambda
 from esphome.helpers import write_file
-from esphome.storage_json import StorageJSON, ext_storage_path
+from esphome.storage_json import StorageJSON, ext_storage_path, storage_path
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
+# Bump when the on-disk shape changes; a mismatched version falls back
+# to read_config. The envelope also stamps the writing esphome version:
+# after an upgrade the cache holds the previous release's validation, so
+# it falls back once and the re-save self-heals.
+_CACHE_VERSION = 1
+_LAMBDA_KEY = "__esphome_lambda__"
+
 
 def compiled_config_path(config_filename: str) -> Path:
     """Path to the cached validated config alongside the storage sidecar."""
+    return CORE.data_dir / "storage" / f"{config_filename}.validated.json"
+
+
+def save_compiled_config(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    """Write the validated-config cache. Always-write so mtime stays fresh.
+
+    Mode 0600 because config validation resolved !secret inline.
+    Failures are non-fatal: the fast path falls back to read_config.
+    """
+    try:
+        # The legacy YAML cache holds inline-resolved secrets and nothing
+        # reads it anymore; drop it even when the write below fails. A
+        # failed removal leaves resolved secrets on disk, so it warns.
+        try:
+            _legacy_compiled_config_path(CORE.config_filename).unlink(missing_ok=True)
+        except OSError as err:
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "Could not remove the legacy validated-config cache: %s", err
+            )
+        rendered = json.dumps(
+            {"v": _CACHE_VERSION, "esphome": ESPHOME_VERSION, "config": config},
+            separators=(",", ":"),
+            default=_json_default,
+        )
+        write_file(compiled_config_path(CORE.config_filename), rendered, private=True)
+    except TypeError as err:
+        # Structural, not transient: this config can never cache (e.g. a
+        # non-basic dict key), so every upload/logs pays the slow path.
+        _LOGGER.warning("Cannot cache the validated config: %s", err)
+    except Exception as err:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-except
+        # Likely persistent (permissions, full disk): every upload/logs
+        # pays the slow path until it clears, so surface it.
+        _LOGGER.warning("Skipping compiled config cache write: %s", err)
+
+
+def save_compiled_config_and_sidecar(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    """Refresh the cache from the upload/logs fallback (CORE.config must be set).
+
+    The cache is only written when a complete sidecar is on disk:
+    load_compiled_config can't use it otherwise, and it holds resolved
+    secrets.
+    """
+    if _refresh_sidecar():
+        save_compiled_config(config)
+
+
+def _refresh_sidecar() -> bool:
+    """Ensure a complete sidecar is on disk; True when one is.
+
+    Writes one (without claiming a build) when missing or wizard-only.
+    Failures are non-fatal; the next upload/logs pays the slow path again.
+    """
+    try:
+        path = storage_path()
+        try:
+            old = StorageJSON.load_strict(path)
+        except Exception as err:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-except
+            # Present but unreadable: it may hold a real build's metadata,
+            # and a fresh rewrite would also stop the next compile from
+            # cleaning a possibly incoherent build tree.
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "Not caching: storage sidecar %s is unreadable (%s)", path, err
+            )
+            return False
+        if old is not None and old.can_apply_to_core():
+            if (
+                old.toolchain is not None
+                and CORE.toolchain is not None
+                and old.toolchain != CORE.toolchain.value
+            ):
+                # Platforms normalize toolchain-sensitive keys differently;
+                # never cache a config validated under a different toolchain
+                # than the compile's
+                _LOGGER.debug(
+                    "Not caching: config validated with toolchain %r but the "
+                    "last compile used %r",
+                    CORE.toolchain.value,
+                    old.toolchain,
+                )
+                return False
+            # Compile-written; nothing to refresh.
+            return True
+        if CORE.build_path is not None and CORE.build_path.exists():
+            # An unvalidated build tree: its absent or mismatched sidecar
+            # is what makes the next compile wipe it, so don't vouch for
+            # a build this run never saw.
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "Not caching: build tree %s has no matching sidecar; "
+                "'esphome compile' will settle it",
+                CORE.build_path,
+            )
+            return False
+        new = StorageJSON.from_esphome_core(CORE, old, claim_build=False)
+        if not new.can_apply_to_core():
+            _LOGGER.warning("Not caching: rebuilt storage sidecar is still incomplete")
+            return False
+        new.save(path)
+        return True
+    except (OSError, EsphomeError) as err:
+        # write_file wraps OSError into EsphomeError. Persistent
+        # (unwritable storage dir), so surface that every upload/logs
+        # pays the slow path.
+        _LOGGER.warning("Could not refresh the storage sidecar: %s", err)
+    except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-except
+        # A structural bug; keep the traceback so it isn't mistaken
+        # for the I/O failure above.
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "Unexpected error refreshing the storage sidecar", exc_info=True
+        )
+    return False
+
+
+def load_compiled_config(conf_path: Path) -> ConfigType | None:
+    """Load the cached validated config and apply storage metadata to CORE.
+
+    Returns None (caller falls back to read_config) when the cache is
+    missing, older than the source YAML, unparseable, a different cache
+    version, or the sidecar is incomplete. The loaded config carries no
+    source ranges; callers must not feed it into read_config/write_cpp.
+    """
+    cache_path = compiled_config_path(conf_path.name)
+    if not _cache_is_fresh(cache_path, conf_path):
+        return None
+
+    try:
+        envelope = json.loads(
+            cache_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"), object_hook=_decode_object
+        )
+    except (OSError, ValueError) as err:
+        _LOGGER.debug("Ignoring unreadable compiled config cache: %s", err)
+        return None
+
+    if (
+        not isinstance(envelope, dict)
+        or envelope.get("v") != _CACHE_VERSION
+        or envelope.get("esphome") != ESPHOME_VERSION
+        or not isinstance(config := envelope.get("config"), dict)
+    ):
+        _LOGGER.debug("Ignoring compiled config cache with a foreign envelope")
+        return None
+
+    storage = StorageJSON.load(ext_storage_path(conf_path.name))
+    if storage is None or not storage.can_apply_to_core():
+        _LOGGER.debug("Ignoring compiled config cache: sidecar missing or incomplete")
+        return None
+    storage.apply_to_core()
+    return config
+
+
+# Remove before 2027.8: by then every maintained install has saved the
+# JSON cache at least once and dropped its legacy YAML file.
+def _legacy_compiled_config_path(config_filename: str) -> Path:
+    """Path of the pre-JSON YAML cache; only ever removed."""
     return CORE.data_dir / "storage" / f"{config_filename}.validated.yaml"
 
 
@@ -32,52 +199,21 @@ def _cache_is_fresh(cache_path: Path, source_path: Path) -> bool:
         return False
 
 
-def save_compiled_config(config: ConfigType) -> None:
-    """Write the validated-config cache. Always-write so mtime stays fresh.
+def _json_default(value: Any) -> Any:
+    """Mirror ESPHomeDumper's representers: Lambda stays typed, the rest
+    stringify (IDs, time periods, MAC/IP addresses, paths, UUIDs, enums).
 
-    Mode 0600 because show_secrets=True resolves !secret inline.
-    Failures are non-fatal: the fast path falls back to read_config.
+    IncludeFile/Extend/Remove have no JSON mirror and would stringify
+    wrong, but none survive validation (config.py's packages merge and
+    the substitution pass consume them) so no guard is spent on them.
     """
-    from esphome import yaml_util
-
-    try:
-        rendered = yaml_util.dump(config, show_secrets=True)
-        write_file(compiled_config_path(CORE.config_filename), rendered, private=True)
-    except Exception as err:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-except
-        _LOGGER.debug("Skipping compiled config cache write: %s", err)
+    if isinstance(value, Lambda):
+        return {_LAMBDA_KEY: value.value}
+    return str(value)
 
 
-def load_compiled_config(conf_path: Path) -> ConfigType | None:
-    """Load the cached validated config and apply storage metadata to CORE.
-
-    Returns None (caller falls back to read_config) when the cache is
-    missing, older than the source YAML, unparseable, or the sidecar
-    is incomplete.
-    """
-    cache_path = compiled_config_path(conf_path.name)
-    if not _cache_is_fresh(cache_path, conf_path):
-        return None
-
-    from esphome import yaml_util
-
-    try:
-        # Fast path never validates or generates code - no source ranges
-        # needed (see load_yaml). Callers must not feed this config into
-        # read_config/write_cpp: the esp_range consumers in config.py and
-        # cpp_generator.py are isinstance-guarded and would degrade
-        # silently (wrong error/lambda locations) instead of raising.
-        config = yaml_util.load_yaml(
-            cache_path, clear_secrets=False, track_document_range=False
-        )
-    except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-except
-        return None
-
-    storage = StorageJSON.load(ext_storage_path(conf_path.name))
-    if storage is None:
-        return None
-    # apply_to_core assumes a real compile wrote the sidecar; wizard-only
-    # sidecars leave both of these unset and can't drive upload/logs.
-    if not storage.core_platform and not storage.target_platform:
-        return None
-    storage.apply_to_core()
-    return config
+def _decode_object(obj: dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+    """Revive the Lambda sentinel; every other mapping passes through."""
+    if len(obj) == 1 and isinstance(value := obj.get(_LAMBDA_KEY), str):
+        return Lambda(value)
+    return obj
diff --git a/esphome/component_aliases.py b/esphome/component_aliases.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e701bd98d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/component_aliases.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+"""Component alias registry.
+
+Generated by script/build_alias_registry.py - do not edit manually.
+See the component-alias section of esphome/loader.py.
+"""
+
+# alias -> (canonical component, removal version or None)
+COMPONENT_ALIASES: dict[str, tuple[str, str | None]] = {
+    "rp2040": ("rp2", "2027.7.0"),
+}
diff --git a/esphome/components/a01nyub/sensor.py b/esphome/components/a01nyub/sensor.py
index e5f4f7ef30..f84091d688 100644
--- a/esphome/components/a01nyub/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/a01nyub/sensor.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_METER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@MrSuicideParrot"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/a02yyuw/sensor.py b/esphome/components/a02yyuw/sensor.py
index f0bc59ae6c..7372f8f760 100644
--- a/esphome/components/a02yyuw/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/a02yyuw/sensor.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_MILLIMETER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@TH-Braemer"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/a4988/stepper.py b/esphome/components/a4988/stepper.py
index 97f5a6fe0f..7a19bd550d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/a4988/stepper.py
+++ b/esphome/components/a4988/stepper.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import stepper
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_DIR_PIN, CONF_ID, CONF_SLEEP_PIN, CONF_STEP_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 a4988_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("a4988")
 A4988 = a4988_ns.class_("A4988", stepper.Stepper, cg.Component)
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = stepper.STEPPER_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await stepper.register_stepper(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/absolute_humidity/sensor.py b/esphome/components/absolute_humidity/sensor.py
index caaa546e25..84a69dfa23 100644
--- a/esphome/components/absolute_humidity/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/absolute_humidity/sensor.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_GRAMS_PER_CUBIC_METER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 absolute_humidity_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("absolute_humidity")
 AbsoluteHumidityComponent = absolute_humidity_ns.class_(
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ac_dimmer/output.py b/esphome/components/ac_dimmer/output.py
index 1f35095e0e..498565b0ea 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ac_dimmer/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ac_dimmer/output.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_METHOD, CONF_MIN_POWER
 from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@glmnet"]
 
@@ -48,7 +49,13 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    if CORE.is_esp32:
+        from esphome.components.esp32 import include_builtin_idf_component
+
+        # Re-enable the gptimer driver (excluded by default to save compile time)
+        include_builtin_idf_component("esp_driver_gptimer")
+
     if CORE.is_esp8266:
         # ac_dimmer uses setTimer1Callback which requires the waveform generator
         from esphome.components.esp8266.const import require_waveform
diff --git a/esphome/components/adalight/__init__.py b/esphome/components/adalight/__init__.py
index 5e122676cd..afdfefaba6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/adalight/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/adalight/__init__.py
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ from esphome.components.light.effects import register_addressable_effect
 from esphome.components.light.types import AddressableLightEffect
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_NAME, CONF_UART_ID
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
 
@@ -21,7 +24,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema({})
     "Adalight",
     {cv.GenerateID(CONF_UART_ID): cv.use_id(uart.UARTComponent)},
 )
-async def adalight_light_effect_to_code(config, effect_id):
+async def adalight_light_effect_to_code(config: ConfigType, effect_id: ID) -> MockObj:
     effect = cg.new_Pvariable(effect_id, config[CONF_NAME])
     await uart.register_uart_device(effect, config)
     return effect
diff --git a/esphome/components/adc/__init__.py b/esphome/components/adc/__init__.py
index 555d511f6e..c397e746b0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/adc/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/adc/__init__.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components.esp32 import (
@@ -11,11 +13,13 @@ from esphome.components.esp32 import (
     VARIANT_ESP32P4,
     VARIANT_ESP32S2,
     VARIANT_ESP32S3,
+    VARIANT_ESP32S31,
     get_esp32_variant,
 )
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ANALOG, CONF_INPUT, CONF_NUMBER, PLATFORM_ESP8266
 from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
 
@@ -153,6 +157,17 @@ ESP32_VARIANT_ADC1_PIN_TO_CHANNEL = {
         9: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_8,
         10: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_9,
     },
+    # https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/blob/master/components/soc/esp32s31/include/soc/adc_channel.h
+    VARIANT_ESP32S31: {
+        42: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_0,
+        43: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_1,
+        44: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_2,
+        45: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_3,
+        46: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_4,
+        47: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_5,
+        48: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_6,
+        49: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_7,
+    },
 }
 
 # pin to adc2 channel mapping
@@ -222,15 +237,27 @@ ESP32_VARIANT_ADC2_PIN_TO_CHANNEL = {
         19: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_8,
         20: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_9,
     },
+    # https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/blob/master/components/soc/esp32s31/include/soc/adc_channel.h
+    VARIANT_ESP32S31: {
+        50: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_0,
+        51: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_1,
+        52: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_2,
+        53: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_3,
+        54: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_4,
+        55: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_5,
+        56: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_6,
+        57: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_7,
+    },
 }
 
 
-def validate_adc_pin(value):
+def validate_adc_pin(value: Any) -> ConfigType | str:
     if str(value).upper() == "VCC":
         if CORE.is_rp2:
             return pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_schema(29)
         return cv.only_on([PLATFORM_ESP8266])("VCC")
 
+    # Deprecated in favour of the `internal_temperature` platform, remove before 2027.2.0
     if str(value).upper() == "TEMPERATURE":
         return cv.only_on_rp2("TEMPERATURE")
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_common.cpp b/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_common.cpp
index 16c86aee18..5ca58df10e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_common.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_common.cpp
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::adc {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "adc.common";
+static const char *const TAG = "adc";
 
 const LogString *sampling_mode_to_str(SamplingMode mode) {
   switch (mode) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_esp32.cpp b/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_esp32.cpp
index a761b37749..c9887cea7c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_esp32.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_esp32.cpp
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::adc {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "adc.esp32";
+static const char *const TAG = "adc";
 
 adc_oneshot_unit_handle_t ADCSensor::shared_adc_handles[2] = {nullptr, nullptr};
 
@@ -74,9 +74,7 @@ void ADCSensor::setup() {
   if (this->calibration_handle_ == nullptr) {
     adc_cali_handle_t handle = nullptr;
 
-#if USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C5 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6 || \
-    USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C61 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3
-    // RISC-V variants (except C2) and S3 use curve fitting calibration
+#if defined(ADC_CALI_SCHEME_CURVE_FITTING_SUPPORTED)
     adc_cali_curve_fitting_config_t cali_config = {};  // Zero initialize first
 #if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(5, 3, 0)
     cali_config.chan = this->channel_;
@@ -94,7 +92,7 @@ void ADCSensor::setup() {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Curve fitting calibration failed with error %d, will use uncalibrated readings", err);
       this->setup_flags_.calibration_complete = false;
     }
-#else  // ESP32, ESP32-S2, and ESP32-C2 use line fitting calibration
+#elif defined(ADC_CALI_SCHEME_LINE_FITTING_SUPPORTED)
     adc_cali_line_fitting_config_t cali_config = {
       .unit_id = this->adc_unit_,
       .atten = this->attenuation_,
@@ -112,7 +110,11 @@ void ADCSensor::setup() {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Line fitting calibration failed with error %d, will use uncalibrated readings", err);
       this->setup_flags_.calibration_complete = false;
     }
-#endif  // ESP32C3 || ESP32C5 || ESP32C6 || ESP32C61 || ESP32H2 || ESP32P4 || ESP32S3
+#else   // No calibration scheme available
+    (void) handle;
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "No calibration scheme for this variant, readings are uncalibrated");
+    this->setup_flags_.calibration_complete = false;
+#endif
   }
 
   this->setup_flags_.init_complete = true;
@@ -121,23 +123,28 @@ void ADCSensor::setup() {
 void ADCSensor::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("", "ADC Sensor", this);
   LOG_PIN("  Pin: ", this->pin_);
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(
-      TAG,
-      "  Channel:       %d\n"
-      "  Unit:          %s\n"
-      "  Attenuation:   %s\n"
-      "  Samples:       %i\n"
-      "  Sampling mode: %s\n"
-      "  Setup Status:\n"
-      "    Handle Init:  %s\n"
-      "    Config:       %s\n"
-      "    Calibration:  %s\n"
-      "    Overall Init: %s",
-      this->channel_, LOG_STR_ARG(adc_unit_to_str(this->adc_unit_)),
-      this->autorange_ ? "Auto" : LOG_STR_ARG(attenuation_to_str(this->attenuation_)), this->sample_count_,
-      LOG_STR_ARG(sampling_mode_to_str(this->sampling_mode_)),
-      this->setup_flags_.handle_init_complete ? "OK" : "FAILED", this->setup_flags_.config_complete ? "OK" : "FAILED",
-      this->setup_flags_.calibration_complete ? "OK" : "FAILED", this->setup_flags_.init_complete ? "OK" : "FAILED");
+#if defined(ADC_CALI_SCHEME_CURVE_FITTING_SUPPORTED) || defined(ADC_CALI_SCHEME_LINE_FITTING_SUPPORTED)
+  const char *calibration_status = this->setup_flags_.calibration_complete ? "OK" : "FAILED";
+#else
+  const char *calibration_status = "N/A";  // This variant has no calibration scheme
+#endif
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "  Channel:       %d\n"
+                "  Unit:          %s\n"
+                "  Attenuation:   %s\n"
+                "  Samples:       %i\n"
+                "  Sampling mode: %s\n"
+                "  Setup Status:\n"
+                "    Handle Init:  %s\n"
+                "    Config:       %s\n"
+                "    Calibration:  %s\n"
+                "    Overall Init: %s",
+                this->channel_, LOG_STR_ARG(adc_unit_to_str(this->adc_unit_)),
+                this->autorange_ ? "Auto" : LOG_STR_ARG(attenuation_to_str(this->attenuation_)), this->sample_count_,
+                LOG_STR_ARG(sampling_mode_to_str(this->sampling_mode_)),
+                this->setup_flags_.handle_init_complete ? "OK" : "FAILED",
+                this->setup_flags_.config_complete ? "OK" : "FAILED", calibration_status,
+                this->setup_flags_.init_complete ? "OK" : "FAILED");
 
   LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
 }
@@ -184,12 +191,11 @@ float ADCSensor::sample_fixed_attenuation_() {
     } else {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "ADC calibration conversion failed with error %d, disabling calibration", err);
       if (this->calibration_handle_ != nullptr) {
-#if USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C5 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6 || \
-    USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C61 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3
+#if defined(ADC_CALI_SCHEME_CURVE_FITTING_SUPPORTED)
         adc_cali_delete_scheme_curve_fitting(this->calibration_handle_);
-#else   // Other ESP32 variants use line fitting calibration
+#elif defined(ADC_CALI_SCHEME_LINE_FITTING_SUPPORTED)
         adc_cali_delete_scheme_line_fitting(this->calibration_handle_);
-#endif  // ESP32C3 || ESP32C5 || ESP32C6 || ESP32C61 || ESP32H2 || ESP32P4 || ESP32S3
+#endif
         this->calibration_handle_ = nullptr;
       }
     }
@@ -217,10 +223,9 @@ float ADCSensor::sample_autorange_() {
     // Need to recalibrate for the new attenuation
     if (this->calibration_handle_ != nullptr) {
       // Delete old calibration handle
-#if USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C5 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6 || \
-    USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C61 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3
+#if defined(ADC_CALI_SCHEME_CURVE_FITTING_SUPPORTED)
       adc_cali_delete_scheme_curve_fitting(this->calibration_handle_);
-#else
+#elif defined(ADC_CALI_SCHEME_LINE_FITTING_SUPPORTED)
       adc_cali_delete_scheme_line_fitting(this->calibration_handle_);
 #endif
       this->calibration_handle_ = nullptr;
@@ -229,8 +234,7 @@ float ADCSensor::sample_autorange_() {
     // Create new calibration handle for this attenuation
     adc_cali_handle_t handle = nullptr;
 
-#if USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C5 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6 || \
-    USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C61 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3
+#if defined(ADC_CALI_SCHEME_CURVE_FITTING_SUPPORTED)
     adc_cali_curve_fitting_config_t cali_config = {};
 #if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(5, 3, 0)
     cali_config.chan = this->channel_;
@@ -242,7 +246,7 @@ float ADCSensor::sample_autorange_() {
     err = adc_cali_create_scheme_curve_fitting(&cali_config, &handle);
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Autorange atten=%d: Calibration handle creation %s (err=%d)", atten,
               (err == ESP_OK) ? "SUCCESS" : "FAILED", err);
-#else
+#elif defined(ADC_CALI_SCHEME_LINE_FITTING_SUPPORTED)
     adc_cali_line_fitting_config_t cali_config = {
       .unit_id = this->adc_unit_,
       .atten = atten,
@@ -264,10 +268,9 @@ float ADCSensor::sample_autorange_() {
     if (err != ESP_OK) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "ADC read failed in autorange with error %d", err);
       if (handle != nullptr) {
-#if USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C5 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6 || \
-    USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C61 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3
+#if defined(ADC_CALI_SCHEME_CURVE_FITTING_SUPPORTED)
         adc_cali_delete_scheme_curve_fitting(handle);
-#else
+#elif defined(ADC_CALI_SCHEME_LINE_FITTING_SUPPORTED)
         adc_cali_delete_scheme_line_fitting(handle);
 #endif
       }
@@ -286,10 +289,9 @@ float ADCSensor::sample_autorange_() {
         ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Autorange atten=%d: UNCALIBRATED FALLBACK - raw=%d -> %.6fV (3.3V ref)", atten, raw, voltage);
       }
       // Clean up calibration handle
-#if USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C5 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6 || \
-    USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C61 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3
+#if defined(ADC_CALI_SCHEME_CURVE_FITTING_SUPPORTED)
       adc_cali_delete_scheme_curve_fitting(handle);
-#else
+#elif defined(ADC_CALI_SCHEME_LINE_FITTING_SUPPORTED)
       adc_cali_delete_scheme_line_fitting(handle);
 #endif
     } else {
diff --git a/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_esp8266.cpp b/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_esp8266.cpp
index e4f2f82f08..77a192e025 100644
--- a/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_esp8266.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_esp8266.cpp
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ ADC_MODE(ADC_VCC)
 
 namespace esphome::adc {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "adc.esp8266";
+static const char *const TAG = "adc";
 
 void ADCSensor::setup() {
 #ifndef USE_ADC_SENSOR_VCC
diff --git a/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_libretiny.cpp b/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_libretiny.cpp
index d9b9f50be1..dfa545b395 100644
--- a/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_libretiny.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_libretiny.cpp
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::adc {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "adc.libretiny";
+static const char *const TAG = "adc";
 
 void ADCSensor::setup() {
 #ifndef USE_ADC_SENSOR_VCC
diff --git a/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_rp2.cpp b/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_rp2.cpp
index 6cb9ef113f..ce665e8501 100644
--- a/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_rp2.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_rp2.cpp
@@ -17,7 +17,26 @@
 
 namespace esphome::adc {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "adc.rp2";
+static const char *const TAG = "adc";
+
+// The on-die temperature sensor sits on the last ADC channel: input 4 on RP2040
+// and RP2350A, but input 8 on RP2350B, which has eight external channels rather
+// than four.
+//
+// This deliberately does not use the SDK's ADC_TEMPERATURE_CHANNEL_NUM. That
+// derives from NUM_ADC_CHANNELS, which <pico.h> settles from a board header, and
+// arduino-pico supplies a fixed B-die one for every RP2350 build. The real die
+// is only declared later, by the variant's pins_arduino.h, so the SDK constant
+// reads 8 on A-die boards. PICO_RP2350A itself is correct by the time this file
+// is compiled, on both arduino-pico and pico-sdk builds.
+#if defined(PICO_RP2350) && !defined(PICO_RP2350A)
+#error "PICO_RP2350A is not defined, so the RP2350 die is unknown and the temperature ADC channel cannot be chosen"
+#endif
+#if defined(PICO_RP2350) && !PICO_RP2350A
+static constexpr uint8_t TEMPERATURE_ADC_INPUT = 8;
+#else
+static constexpr uint8_t TEMPERATURE_ADC_INPUT = 4;
+#endif
 
 void ADCSensor::setup() {
   static bool initialized = false;
@@ -52,7 +71,7 @@ float ADCSensor::sample() {
   if (this->is_temperature_) {
     adc_set_temp_sensor_enabled(true);
     delay(1);
-    adc_select_input(4);
+    adc_select_input(TEMPERATURE_ADC_INPUT);
 
     for (uint8_t sample = 0; sample < this->sample_count_; sample++) {
       raw = adc_read();
diff --git a/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_zephyr.cpp b/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_zephyr.cpp
index c3632b00e2..bf45059740 100644
--- a/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_zephyr.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_zephyr.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::adc {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "adc.zephyr";
+static const char *const TAG = "adc";
 
 void ADCSensor::setup() {
   if (!adc_is_ready_dt(this->channel_)) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/adc/sensor.py b/esphome/components/adc/sensor.py
index c5a4288c07..8cdea4f01a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/adc/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/adc/sensor.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import logging
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import sensor, voltage_sampler
 from esphome.components.esp32 import (
+    VARIANT_ESP32S31,
     get_esp32_variant,
     include_builtin_idf_component,
     require_adc_oneshot_iram,
@@ -52,10 +53,18 @@ _attenuation = cv.enum(ATTENUATION_MODES, lower=True)
 _sampling_mode = cv.enum(SAMPLING_MODES, lower=True)
 
 
-def validate_config(config):
+def validate_config(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if config[CONF_RAW] and config.get(CONF_ATTENUATION, None) == "auto":
         raise cv.Invalid("Automatic attenuation cannot be used when raw output is set")
 
+    # The S31 ADC supports a single attenuation level (SOC_ADC_ATTEN_NUM is 1)
+    if (
+        CORE.is_esp32
+        and get_esp32_variant() == VARIANT_ESP32S31
+        and config.get(CONF_ATTENUATION, "0db") != "0db"
+    ):
+        raise cv.Invalid("ESP32-S31 only supports 'attenuation: 0db'")
+
     if config.get(CONF_ATTENUATION, None) == "auto" and config.get(CONF_SAMPLES, 1) > 1:
         raise cv.Invalid(
             "Automatic attenuation cannot be used when multisampling is set"
@@ -67,6 +76,13 @@ def validate_config(config):
         # Alter value here so `config` command prints the recommended change
         config[CONF_ATTENUATION] = _attenuation("12db")
 
+    # Remove before 2027.2.0
+    if config[CONF_PIN] == "TEMPERATURE":
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "[adc] `pin: TEMPERATURE` is deprecated, use the `internal_temperature` "
+            "sensor platform instead. Will be removed in 2027.2.0"
+        )
+
     return config
 
 
@@ -113,7 +129,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 CONF_ADC_CHANNEL_ID = "adc_channel_id"
 
 
-def _overlay_io_channels():
+def _overlay_io_channels() -> str:
     channel_count = CORE.data[CONF_ADC_CHANNEL_ID]
     entries = ", ".join(f"<&adc {channel_id}>" for channel_id in range(channel_count))
     return f"""
@@ -125,7 +141,7 @@ def _overlay_io_channels():
             """
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await sensor.register_sensor(var, config)
@@ -133,6 +149,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     if config[CONF_PIN] == "VCC":
         cg.add_define("USE_ADC_SENSOR_VCC")
     elif config[CONF_PIN] == "TEMPERATURE":
+        # Remove before 2027.2.0
         cg.add(var.set_is_temperature())
     elif not CORE.is_nrf52 or config[CONF_PIN][CONF_NUMBER] not in EXTRA_ADC:
         pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_PIN])
diff --git a/esphome/components/adc128s102/__init__.py b/esphome/components/adc128s102/__init__.py
index a5281aacc7..684147752d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/adc128s102/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/adc128s102/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
 MULTI_CONF = True
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(spi.spi_device_schema(cs_pin_required=True))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/adc128s102/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/adc128s102/sensor/__init__.py
index a65ae9d537..04589a7ce2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/adc128s102/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/adc128s102/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import sensor, voltage_sampler
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import ADC128S102, adc128s102_ns
 
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(
         config[CONF_ID],
         config[CONF_CHANNEL],
diff --git a/esphome/components/addressable_light/display.py b/esphome/components/addressable_light/display.py
index 929d45121c..1db01b40f9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/addressable_light/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/addressable_light/display.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL,
     CONF_WIDTH,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@justfalter"]
 
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     wrapped_light = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ADDRESSABLE_LIGHT_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_width(config[CONF_WIDTH]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/ade7880/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ade7880/sensor.py
index beb74d7310..93c279e235 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ade7880/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ade7880/sensor.py
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_WATT,
     UNIT_WATT_HOURS,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -243,7 +244,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def neutral_channel(config):
+async def neutral_channel(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
 
     current = config[CONF_CURRENT]
@@ -257,7 +258,7 @@ async def neutral_channel(config):
     return var
 
 
-async def power_channel(config):
+async def power_channel(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
 
     for sensor_type in POWER_SENSOR_TYPES:
@@ -280,7 +281,7 @@ async def power_channel(config):
     return var
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ade7953_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ade7953_base/__init__.py
index 4fc35352f9..71250ac94e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ade7953_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ade7953_base/__init__.py
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_VOLT_AMPS_REACTIVE,
     UNIT_WATT,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@angelnu"]
 
@@ -163,7 +165,7 @@ ADE7953_CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
 
 
-async def register_ade7953(var, config):
+async def register_ade7953(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
     if irq_pin_config := config.get(CONF_IRQ_PIN):
diff --git a/esphome/components/ade7953_i2c/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ade7953_i2c/sensor.py
index 4b55acdafa..8447042d30 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ade7953_i2c/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ade7953_i2c/sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import ade7953_base, i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["ade7953_base"]
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
     await ade7953_base.register_ade7953(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ade7953_spi/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ade7953_spi/sensor.py
index dce021daad..6fdf2147f3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ade7953_spi/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ade7953_spi/sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import ade7953_base, spi
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["ade7953_base"]
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
     await ade7953_base.register_ade7953(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ads1115/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ads1115/__init__.py
index 6d52fc83fd..b42ee918c5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ads1115/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ads1115/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 MULTI_CONF = True
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ads1115/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ads1115/sensor/__init__.py
index afb70d07c8..742f82d302 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ads1115/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ads1115/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_VOLT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_ADS1115_ID, ADS1115Component, ads1115_ns
 
@@ -86,7 +87,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await sensor.register_sensor(var, config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ads1118/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ads1118/__init__.py
index 45d47a329e..956b9a0c1f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ads1118/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ads1118/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@solomondg1"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ads1118/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ads1118/sensor/__init__.py
index 33bfe97789..6bc3baa2e4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ads1118/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ads1118/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_VOLT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import ADS1118, CONF_ADS1118_ID, ads1118_ns
 
@@ -86,7 +87,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.typed_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ADS1118_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/ags10/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ags10/sensor.py
index 6491d7d810..8606e7c247 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ags10/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ags10/sensor.py
@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_OHM,
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_BILLION,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_RESISTANCE = "resistance"
 
@@ -62,7 +65,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = i2c.final_validate_device_schema("ags10", max_frequency="15khz")
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
@@ -94,7 +97,12 @@ AGS10_NEW_I2C_ADDRESS_SCHEMA = cv.maybe_simple_value(
     AGS10_NEW_I2C_ADDRESS_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def ags10newi2caddress_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def ags10newi2caddress_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     address = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_ADDRESS], args, cg.uint8)
@@ -126,7 +134,12 @@ AGS10_SET_ZERO_POINT_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     AGS10_SET_ZERO_POINT_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def ags10setzeropoint_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def ags10setzeropoint_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     mode = await cg.templatable(
diff --git a/esphome/components/aht10/sensor.py b/esphome/components/aht10/sensor.py
index a5b1cf0ffb..ae669d0000 100644
--- a/esphome/components/aht10/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/aht10/sensor.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/aic3204/audio_dac.py b/esphome/components/aic3204/audio_dac.py
index b478b573a3..50e2f81f1b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/aic3204/audio_dac.py
+++ b/esphome/components/aic3204/audio_dac.py
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ from esphome.components import i2c
 from esphome.components.audio_dac import AudioDac
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_MODE
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -39,7 +42,12 @@ SET_AUTO_MUTE_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.maybe_simple_value(
     SET_AUTO_MUTE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def aic3204_set_volume_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def aic3204_set_volume_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
@@ -49,7 +57,7 @@ async def aic3204_set_volume_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     return var
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/airthings_ble/__init__.py b/esphome/components/airthings_ble/__init__.py
index 1545110798..44534b80e9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/airthings_ble/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/airthings_ble/__init__.py
@@ -1,23 +1,27 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jeromelaban"]
 
 airthings_ble_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("airthings_ble")
 AirthingsListener = airthings_ble_ns.class_(
-    "AirthingsListener", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener
+    "AirthingsListener", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(AirthingsListener),
-    }
-).extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("airthings_ble"),
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(AirthingsListener),
+        }
+    ).extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
+)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/airthings_ble/airthings_listener.cpp b/esphome/components/airthings_ble/airthings_listener.cpp
index 881b3e297b..f2625a7832 100644
--- a/esphome/components/airthings_ble/airthings_listener.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/airthings_ble/airthings_listener.cpp
@@ -2,15 +2,13 @@
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include <cinttypes>
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::airthings_ble {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "airthings_ble";
 
-bool AirthingsListener::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool AirthingsListener::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   for (auto &it : device.get_manufacturer_datas()) {
-    if (it.uuid == esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID::from_uint32(0x0334)) {
+    if (it.uuid == ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_uint32(0x0334)) {
       if (it.data.size() < 4)
         continue;
 
@@ -29,5 +27,3 @@ bool AirthingsListener::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &devic
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::airthings_ble
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/airthings_ble/airthings_listener.h b/esphome/components/airthings_ble/airthings_listener.h
index 8105ac32eb..8fdfeb972f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/airthings_ble/airthings_listener.h
+++ b/esphome/components/airthings_ble/airthings_listener.h
@@ -1,17 +1,13 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 
 namespace esphome::airthings_ble {
 
-class AirthingsListener final : public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class AirthingsListener final : public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::airthings_ble
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/airthings_wave_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/airthings_wave_base/__init__.py
index dee26b524a..58fde11a3d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/airthings_wave_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/airthings_wave_base/__init__.py
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PERCENT,
     UNIT_VOLT,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@ncareau", "@jeromelaban"]
 
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ BASE_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def wave_base_to_code(var, config):
+async def wave_base_to_code(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
     await ble_client.register_ble_node(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/airthings_wave_mini/sensor.py b/esphome/components/airthings_wave_mini/sensor.py
index f231be6670..9136b333e2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/airthings_wave_mini/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/airthings_wave_mini/sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import airthings_wave_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = airthings_wave_base.DEPENDENCIES
 
@@ -20,6 +21,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = airthings_wave_base.BASE_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await airthings_wave_base.wave_base_to_code(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/airthings_wave_plus/sensor.py b/esphome/components/airthings_wave_plus/sensor.py
index a12c70f04c..8ea79e644f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/airthings_wave_plus/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/airthings_wave_plus/sensor.py
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await airthings_wave_base.wave_base_to_code(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/alpha3/alpha3.cpp b/esphome/components/alpha3/alpha3.cpp
index 048c365616..92b00d87cb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/alpha3/alpha3.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/alpha3/alpha3.cpp
@@ -162,8 +162,9 @@ void Alpha3::send_request_(uint8_t *request, size_t len) {
   auto status =
       esp_ble_gattc_write_char(this->parent_->get_gattc_if(), this->parent_->get_conn_id(), this->geni_handle_, len,
                                request, ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_NO_RSP, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
-  if (status)
+  if (status) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str(), status);
+  }
 }
 
 void Alpha3::update() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/alpha3/sensor.py b/esphome/components/alpha3/sensor.py
index 279ab214cf..2c1a04ef27 100644
--- a/esphome/components/alpha3/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/alpha3/sensor.py
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_VOLT,
     UNIT_WATT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 alpha3_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("alpha3")
 Alpha3 = alpha3_ns.class_("Alpha3", ble_client.BLEClientNode, cg.PollingComponent)
@@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await ble_client.register_ble_node(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/am2315c/sensor.py b/esphome/components/am2315c/sensor.py
index ec12ab717e..febb11409c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/am2315c/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/am2315c/sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/am2320/sensor.py b/esphome/components/am2320/sensor.py
index ed4a5fd922..ffac0e6407 100644
--- a/esphome/components/am2320/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/am2320/sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/am43/cover/__init__.py b/esphome/components/am43/cover/__init__.py
index e4ecf1444f..d1783b77df 100644
--- a/esphome/components/am43/cover/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/am43/cover/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import ble_client, cover
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@buxtronix"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["ble_client"]
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await cover.new_cover(config)
     cg.add(var.set_pin(config[CONF_PIN]))
     cg.add(var.set_invert_position(config[CONF_INVERT_POSITION]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/am43/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/am43/sensor/__init__.py
index 2697d364ad..80341972a9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/am43/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/am43/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["am43"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@buxtronix"]
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await ble_client.register_ble_node(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/analog_threshold/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/analog_threshold/binary_sensor.py
index 8c13727755..b2de1d6184 100644
--- a/esphome/components/analog_threshold/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/analog_threshold/binary_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_SENSOR_ID, CONF_THRESHOLD
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 analog_threshold_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("analog_threshold")
 
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/animation/__init__.py b/esphome/components/animation/__init__.py
index 0df7c56313..6da5268432 100644
--- a/esphome/components/animation/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/animation/__init__.py
@@ -13,8 +13,13 @@
 import esphome.components.image as espImage
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 
+from . import image as animation_image
 from .image import ANIMATION_CONFIG_SCHEMA, setup_animation
 
+# The deprecated top-level `animation:` shim gets the same batched
+# downloads as the `image:` platform form.
+PREFETCH_FILES = animation_image.PREFETCH_FILES
+
 AUTO_LOAD = ["image", "file"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@syndlex"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["display"]
diff --git a/esphome/components/animation/image.py b/esphome/components/animation/image.py
index 95875fe2b0..0265a350f7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/animation/image.py
+++ b/esphome/components/animation/image.py
@@ -1,13 +1,20 @@
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components.const import CONF_LOOP
+from esphome.components.file import image as file_image
 from esphome.components.file.image import image_schema, write_image
 from esphome.components.image import Image_, validate_settings
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_REPEAT
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@syndlex"]
+
+# The animation platform shares the file platform's remote file handling,
+# including its batch-download hook.
+PREFETCH_FILES = file_image.PREFETCH_FILES
 AUTO_LOAD = ["file"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["display"]
 
@@ -74,7 +81,12 @@ SET_FRAME_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 @automation.register_action(
     "animation.set_frame", SetFrameAction, SET_FRAME_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
-async def animation_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def animation_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/anova/climate.py b/esphome/components/anova/climate.py
index e1fd38fddc..5590b18a83 100644
--- a/esphome/components/anova/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/anova/climate.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import ble_client, climate
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 UNITS = {
     "f": "f",
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await climate.new_climate(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await ble_client.register_ble_node(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/apds9306/sensor.py b/esphome/components/apds9306/sensor.py
index c3cba96fbf..4f165eec0b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/apds9306/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/apds9306/sensor.py
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 # Based on this datasheet:
 # https://www.mouser.ca/datasheet/2/678/AVGO_S_A0002854364_1-2574547.pdf
 
+from typing import Any
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
@@ -11,6 +13,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_LUX,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -55,7 +59,7 @@ AMBIENT_LIGHT_GAINS = {
 }
 
 
-def _validate_measurement_rate(value):
+def _validate_measurement_rate(value: Any) -> MockObj:
     value = cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds(value)
     return cv.enum(MEASUREMENT_RATES, int=True)(value.total_milliseconds)
 
@@ -85,7 +89,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/apds9960/__init__.py b/esphome/components/apds9960/__init__.py
index 99e37d3764..7ac1e5eb32 100644
--- a/esphome/components/apds9960/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/apds9960/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 MULTI_CONF = True
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/apds9960/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/apds9960/binary_sensor.py
index 48e923ab2b..342f688249 100644
--- a/esphome/components/apds9960/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/apds9960/binary_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_DIRECTION, DEVICE_CLASS_MOVING
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import APDS9960, CONF_APDS9960_ID
 
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_APDS9960_ID])
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     func = getattr(hub, f"set_{config[CONF_DIRECTION]}_direction_binary_sensor")
diff --git a/esphome/components/apds9960/sensor.py b/esphome/components/apds9960/sensor.py
index 468eb0995f..a75fb79d1b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/apds9960/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/apds9960/sensor.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import APDS9960, CONF_APDS9960_ID
 
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = sensor.sensor_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_APDS9960_ID])
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     func = getattr(hub, f"set_{config[CONF_TYPE]}_sensor")
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/__init__.py b/esphome/components/api/__init__.py
index 8ec94df1db..3568318dad 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/api/__init__.py
@@ -1,11 +1,22 @@
-import base64
 import logging
+import re
+from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import automation
 from esphome.automation import Condition
 import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_DESCRIPTION
 from esphome.components.logger import request_log_listener
-from esphome.config_helpers import get_logger_level
+
+# ENCRYPTION_SCHEMA and validate_encryption_key are re-exported for external
+# components and downstream consumers that import them from api
+from esphome.components.noise import (  # noqa: F401
+    ENCRYPTION_SCHEMA,
+    decode_encryption_key,
+    encryption_schema,
+    validate_encryption_key,
+)
+from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_defines, get_logger_level
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ACTION,
@@ -31,12 +42,18 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TAG,
     CONF_THEN,
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
+    CONF_TYPE,
     CONF_VARIABLES,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, ID, CoroPriority, EsphomeError, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.helpers import fnv1_hash
 from esphome.types import ConfigFragmentType, ConfigType
 
+# Compat alias: downstream consumers (e.g. device-builder) referenced the
+# schema by its old private name before it moved to the noise component
+_encryption_schema = encryption_schema
+
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 DOMAIN = "api"
@@ -45,9 +62,15 @@ CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
 
 
 def AUTO_LOAD(config: ConfigType) -> list[str]:
-    """Conditionally auto-load json only when capture_response is used."""
+    """Conditionally auto-load noise (encryption) and json (capture_response)."""
     base = ["socket"]
 
+    # A falsy config is a tooling probe for the maximal set (None from
+    # dependency resolution, {} from the components-graph platform probe);
+    # a validated config always carries defaults, never empty
+    if not config or CONF_ENCRYPTION in config:
+        base = base + ["noise"]
+
     # Check if any homeassistant.action/homeassistant.service has capture_response: true
     # This flag is set during config validation in _validate_response_config
     if not config or CORE.data.get(DOMAIN, {}).get(CONF_CAPTURE_RESPONSE, False):
@@ -105,6 +128,7 @@ SERVICE_ARG_FALLBACK_TYPES: dict[str, MockObj] = {
 }
 CONF_BATCH_DELAY = "batch_delay"
 CONF_CUSTOM_SERVICES = "custom_services"
+CONF_EXAMPLE = "example"
 CONF_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES = "homeassistant_services"
 CONF_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES = "homeassistant_states"
 CONF_LISTEN_BACKLOG = "listen_backlog"
@@ -129,20 +153,6 @@ def _register_provisioning_source(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     return config
 
 
-def validate_encryption_key(value):
-    value = cv.string_strict(value)
-    try:
-        decoded = base64.b64decode(value, validate=True)
-    except ValueError as err:
-        raise cv.Invalid("Invalid key format, please check it's using base64") from err
-
-    if len(decoded) != 32:
-        raise cv.Invalid("Encryption key must be base64 and 32 bytes long")
-
-    # Return original data for roundtrip conversion
-    return value
-
-
 CONF_SUPPORTS_RESPONSE = "supports_response"
 
 # Enum values in api::enums namespace
@@ -217,19 +227,35 @@ def _auto_detect_supports_response(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     return config
 
 
-def _validate_supports_response(value):
+def _validate_supports_response(value: Any) -> str:
     """Validate supports_response after auto-detection has set the value."""
     return cv.enum(SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_OPTIONS, lower=True)(value)
 
 
+# ESP8266 copies every string of an action into a stack buffer sized by codegen; keep it small
+ESP8266_ACTION_STRINGS_MAX_TOTAL = 384
+
+VARIABLE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Required(CONF_TYPE): cv.one_of(*SERVICE_ARG_NATIVE_TYPES, lower=True),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_DESCRIPTION): cv.string_strict,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_EXAMPLE): cv.string_strict,
+    }
+)
+
+# Accepts the plain `name: type` shorthand or the full mapping form
+validate_variable = cv.maybe_simple_value(VARIABLE_SCHEMA, key=CONF_TYPE)
+
+
 ACTIONS_SCHEMA = automation.validate_automation(
     {
         cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(UserServiceTrigger),
         cv.Exclusive(CONF_SERVICE, group_of_exclusion=CONF_ACTION): cv.valid_name,
         cv.Exclusive(CONF_ACTION, group_of_exclusion=CONF_ACTION): cv.valid_name,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_DESCRIPTION): cv.string_strict,
         cv.Optional(CONF_VARIABLES, default={}): cv.Schema(
             {
-                cv.validate_id_name: cv.one_of(*SERVICE_ARG_NATIVE_TYPES, lower=True),
+                cv.validate_id_name: validate_variable,
             }
         ),
         # No default - auto-detected by _auto_detect_supports_response
@@ -249,18 +275,6 @@ ACTIONS_SCHEMA = automation.validate_automation(
     ),
 )
 
-ENCRYPTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
-    {
-        cv.Optional(CONF_KEY): cv.sensitive(validate_encryption_key),
-    }
-)
-
-
-def _encryption_schema(config):
-    if config is None:
-        config = {}
-    return ENCRYPTION_SCHEMA(config)
-
 
 def _consume_api_sockets(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     """Register socket needs for API component."""
@@ -296,7 +310,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                 CONF_SERVICES, group_of_exclusion=CONF_ACTIONS
             ): ACTIONS_SCHEMA,
             cv.Exclusive(CONF_ACTIONS, group_of_exclusion=CONF_ACTIONS): ACTIONS_SCHEMA,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_ENCRYPTION): _encryption_schema,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ENCRYPTION): encryption_schema,
             cv.Optional(CONF_BATCH_DELAY, default="100ms"): cv.All(
                 cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
                 cv.Range(max=cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=65535)),
@@ -358,6 +372,85 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
+def _has_action_metadata(actions: list[ConfigType]) -> bool:
+    # Empty strings count as unset, matching _action_strings
+    return any(
+        conf.get(CONF_DESCRIPTION)
+        or any(
+            var_.get(CONF_DESCRIPTION) or var_.get(CONF_EXAMPLE)
+            for var_ in conf[CONF_VARIABLES].values()
+        )
+        for conf in actions
+    )
+
+
+def _action_strings(conf: ConfigType, has_metadata: bool) -> list[str | None]:
+    """Strings of one action in the table order UserServiceStatic (user_services.h) expects."""
+    # An empty description or example is treated as unset
+    strings: list[str | None] = [conf[CONF_ACTION]]
+    if has_metadata:
+        strings.append(conf.get(CONF_DESCRIPTION) or None)
+    for name, var_ in conf[CONF_VARIABLES].items():
+        strings.append(name)
+        if has_metadata:
+            strings += [
+                var_.get(CONF_DESCRIPTION) or None,
+                var_.get(CONF_EXAMPLE) or None,
+            ]
+    return strings
+
+
+def _action_strings_size(strings: list[str | None]) -> int:
+    """Bytes needed to copy every string out of flash, each with its terminator."""
+    return sum(
+        len(string.encode("utf-8")) + 1 for string in strings if string is not None
+    )
+
+
+def _validate_esp8266_action_strings(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    if not CORE.is_esp8266:
+        return config
+    actions = config.get(CONF_ACTIONS, [])
+    has_metadata = _has_action_metadata(actions)
+    for conf in actions:
+        size = _action_strings_size(_action_strings(conf, has_metadata))
+        if size > ESP8266_ACTION_STRINGS_MAX_TOTAL:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"Action '{conf[CONF_ACTION]}' has {size} bytes of name, variable name, "
+                f"description and example text; ESP8266 allows at most "
+                f"{ESP8266_ACTION_STRINGS_MAX_TOTAL} bytes per action"
+            )
+    return config
+
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _validate_esp8266_action_strings
+
+
+def _add_action_strings(
+    index: int, strings: list[str | None], interned: dict[str, MockObj]
+) -> MockObj:
+    """Emit the PROGMEM string table for one action.
+
+    Each string is its own PROGMEM array because on ESP8266 .rodata is RAM, and identical
+    strings are shared between actions through `interned`.
+    """
+    entries: list[MockObj] = []
+    for string in strings:
+        if string is None:
+            entries.append(cg.nullptr)
+            continue
+        if (var := interned.get(string)) is None:
+            var = interned[string] = cg.progmem_array(
+                ID(f"api_action_str{len(interned)}", is_declaration=True, type=cg.char),
+                string,
+            )
+        entries.append(var)
+    return cg.progmem_array(
+        ID(f"api_action{index}_strings", is_declaration=True, type=cg.const_char_ptr),
+        entries,
+    )
+
+
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.WEB)
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -377,8 +470,10 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_define("MAX_API_CONNECTIONS", config[CONF_MAX_CONNECTIONS])
     cg.add_define("API_MAX_SEND_QUEUE", config[CONF_MAX_SEND_QUEUE])
 
+    actions = config.get(CONF_ACTIONS, [])
+    has_user_actions = bool(actions) or config[CONF_CUSTOM_SERVICES]
     # Set USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS if any services are enabled
-    if config.get(CONF_ACTIONS) or config[CONF_CUSTOM_SERVICES]:
+    if has_user_actions:
         cg.add_define("USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS")
 
     # Set USE_API_CUSTOM_SERVICES if external components need dynamic service registration
@@ -391,10 +486,17 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if config[CONF_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES]:
         cg.add_define("USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES")
 
-    if actions := config.get(CONF_ACTIONS, []):
+    scratch_size = 0
+    if actions:
+        # Metadata is compiled in for every action once any action declares it, because the
+        # string table layout is fixed by the define rather than per action
+        has_metadata = _has_action_metadata(actions)
+        if has_metadata:
+            cg.add_define("USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA")
+        interned_strings: dict[str, MockObj] = {}
         # Collect all triggers first, then register all at once with initializer_list
-        triggers: list[cg.Pvariable] = []
-        for conf in actions:
+        triggers: list[cg.MockObj] = []
+        for index, conf in enumerate(actions):
             func_args: list[tuple[MockObj, str]] = []
             service_template_args: list[MockObj] = []  # User service argument types
 
@@ -427,22 +529,23 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
                 conf.get(CONF_THEN, [])
             )
 
-            service_arg_names: list[str] = []
             for name, var_ in conf[CONF_VARIABLES].items():
-                if has_non_synchronous and var_ in SERVICE_ARG_FALLBACK_TYPES:
-                    native = SERVICE_ARG_FALLBACK_TYPES[var_]
+                var_type = var_[CONF_TYPE]
+                if has_non_synchronous and var_type in SERVICE_ARG_FALLBACK_TYPES:
+                    native = SERVICE_ARG_FALLBACK_TYPES[var_type]
                 else:
-                    native = SERVICE_ARG_NATIVE_TYPES[var_]
+                    native = SERVICE_ARG_NATIVE_TYPES[var_type]
                 service_template_args.append(native)
                 func_args.append((native, name))
-                service_arg_names.append(name)
+            strings = _action_strings(conf, has_metadata)
+            table = _add_action_strings(index, strings, interned_strings)
+            if CORE.is_esp8266:
+                scratch_size = max(scratch_size, _action_strings_size(strings))
             # Template args: supports_response mode, then user service arg types
             templ = cg.TemplateArguments(supports_response, *service_template_args)
+            # Key is hashed here because the name is not readable at runtime on ESP8266
             trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(
-                conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID],
-                templ,
-                conf[CONF_ACTION],
-                service_arg_names,
+                conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], templ, table, fnv1_hash(conf[CONF_ACTION])
             )
             triggers.append(trigger)
             auto = await automation.build_automation(trigger, func_args, conf)
@@ -464,6 +567,9 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
                 cg.add(auto.add_actions([unregister_action]))
         # Register all services at once - single allocation, no reallocations
         cg.add(var.initialize_user_services(triggers))
+    if CORE.is_esp8266 and has_user_actions:
+        # Stack buffer that list-entities copies PROGMEM strings into, sized for the largest action
+        cg.add_define("API_USER_ACTION_STRINGS_SCRATCH_SIZE", max(scratch_size, 1))
 
     if CONF_ON_CLIENT_CONNECTED in config:
         cg.add_define("USE_API_CLIENT_CONNECTED_TRIGGER")
@@ -483,7 +589,7 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
 
     if (encryption_config := config.get(CONF_ENCRYPTION, None)) is not None:
         if key := encryption_config.get(CONF_KEY):
-            decoded = base64.b64decode(key)
+            decoded = decode_encryption_key(key)
             cg.add(var.set_noise_psk(list(decoded)))
             cg.add_define("USE_API_NOISE_PSK_FROM_YAML")
         else:
@@ -497,10 +603,6 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
             # and plaintext disabled. Only a factory reset can remove it.
             cg.add_define("USE_API_PLAINTEXT")
         cg.add_define("USE_API_NOISE")
-        cg.add_library("esphome/noise-c", "0.1.11")
-        # Enable optimized memzero/memcmp in libsodium instead of volatile byte loops
-        cg.add_build_flag("-DHAVE_WEAK_SYMBOLS=1")
-        cg.add_build_flag("-DHAVE_INLINE_ASM=1")
     else:
         cg.add_define("USE_API_PLAINTEXT")
 
@@ -510,6 +612,40 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
 
 KEY_VALUE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema({cv.string: cv.templatable(cv.string_strict)})
 
+_ID_CALL_PROG = re.compile(r"\bid\s*\(")
+
+
+# Remove before 2027.3.0: untagged strings that look like lambda source keep
+# being compiled as lambdas during the deprecation window
+def _coerce_implicit_lambda(value: Any) -> Any:
+    if not isinstance(value, str):
+        return value
+    if cv.looks_like_returning_lambda(value):
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "[api] The 'variables' value '%s' looks like a lambda but is "
+            "missing the !lambda tag. It is compiled as a lambda for now but "
+            "will be sent as literal text from 2027.3.0. Add !lambda to keep "
+            "it evaluated; literal text belongs under 'data:'.",
+            value,
+        )
+        # cv.templatable runs returning_lambda on the coerced Lambda
+        return cv.lambda_(value)
+    if _ID_CALL_PROG.search(value):
+        # lambda source without a return: issue 5394's mistake class
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "[api] The 'variables' value '%s' is sent as literal text; wrap "
+            "it in !lambda 'return ...;' to evaluate it instead.",
+            value,
+        )
+    return value
+
+
+# Static strings or !lambda values. cv.templatable stays introspectable for
+# schema tooling; removing the shim leaves KEY_VALUE_SCHEMA.
+VARIABLES_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {cv.string: cv.All(_coerce_implicit_lambda, cv.templatable(cv.string_strict))}
+)
+
 
 def _validate_response_config(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     # Validate dependencies:
@@ -546,9 +682,7 @@ HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_DATA, default={}): KEY_VALUE_SCHEMA,
             cv.Optional(CONF_DATA_TEMPLATE, default={}): KEY_VALUE_SCHEMA,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_VARIABLES, default={}): cv.Schema(
-                {cv.string: cv.returning_lambda}
-            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_VARIABLES, default={}): VARIABLES_SCHEMA,
             cv.Optional(CONF_RESPONSE_TEMPLATE): cv.templatable(cv.string),
             cv.Optional(CONF_CAPTURE_RESPONSE, default=False): cv.boolean,
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_SUCCESS): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
@@ -581,7 +715,7 @@ async def homeassistant_service_to_code(
     action_id: ID,
     template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
     args: TemplateArgsType,
-):
+) -> MockObj:
     cg.add_define("USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES")
     serv = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, serv, False)
@@ -609,6 +743,8 @@ async def homeassistant_service_to_code(
     cg.add(var.init_variables(len(config[CONF_VARIABLES])))
     for key, value in config[CONF_VARIABLES].items():
         templ = await cg.templatable(value, args, None)
+        if isinstance(templ, str):
+            templ = cg.FlashStringLiteral(templ)
         cg.add(var.add_variable(cg.FlashStringLiteral(key), templ))
 
     if on_error := config.get(CONF_ON_ERROR):
@@ -647,7 +783,7 @@ async def homeassistant_service_to_code(
     return var
 
 
-def validate_homeassistant_event(value):
+def validate_homeassistant_event(value: Any) -> str:
     value = cv.string(value)
     if not value.startswith("esphome."):
         raise cv.Invalid(
@@ -663,7 +799,7 @@ HOMEASSISTANT_EVENT_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
         cv.Required(CONF_EVENT): validate_homeassistant_event,
         cv.Optional(CONF_DATA, default={}): KEY_VALUE_SCHEMA,
         cv.Optional(CONF_DATA_TEMPLATE, default={}): KEY_VALUE_SCHEMA,
-        cv.Optional(CONF_VARIABLES, default={}): KEY_VALUE_SCHEMA,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_VARIABLES, default={}): VARIABLES_SCHEMA,
     }
 )
 
@@ -676,7 +812,12 @@ HOMEASSISTANT_EVENT_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     HOMEASSISTANT_EVENT_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def homeassistant_event_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def homeassistant_event_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     cg.add_define("USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES")
     serv = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, serv, True)
@@ -704,6 +845,8 @@ async def homeassistant_event_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     cg.add(var.init_variables(len(config[CONF_VARIABLES])))
     for key, value in config[CONF_VARIABLES].items():
         templ = await cg.templatable(value, args, None)
+        if isinstance(templ, str):
+            templ = cg.FlashStringLiteral(templ)
         cg.add(var.add_variable(cg.FlashStringLiteral(key), templ))
 
     return var
@@ -724,7 +867,12 @@ HOMEASSISTANT_TAG_SCANNED_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.maybe_simple_value(
     HOMEASSISTANT_TAG_SCANNED_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def homeassistant_tag_scanned_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def homeassistant_tag_scanned_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     cg.add_define("USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES")
     serv = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, serv, True)
@@ -740,7 +888,7 @@ CONF_SUCCESS = "success"
 CONF_ERROR_MESSAGE = "error_message"
 
 
-def _validate_api_respond_data(config):
+def _validate_api_respond_data(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     """Set flag during validation so AUTO_LOAD can include json component."""
     if CONF_DATA in config:
         CORE.data.setdefault(DOMAIN, {})[CONF_CAPTURE_RESPONSE] = True
@@ -824,18 +972,32 @@ API_CONNECTED_CONDITION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 @automation.register_condition(
     "api.connected", APIConnectedCondition, API_CONNECTED_CONDITION_SCHEMA
 )
-async def api_connected_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
+async def api_connected_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    condition_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg)
     templ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_STATE_SUBSCRIPTION_ONLY], args, cg.bool_)
     cg.add(var.set_state_subscription_only(templ))
     return var
 
 
+# user_services.cpp is only needed when user defined actions exist; the
+# frame helpers are fully #ifdef'd on the protocol defines set in to_code
+# (both are set when encryption is configured without a key).
+_define_filter = filter_source_files_from_defines(
+    {
+        "user_services.cpp": "USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS",
+        "api_frame_helper_noise.cpp": "USE_API_NOISE",
+        "api_frame_helper_plaintext.cpp": "USE_API_PLAINTEXT",
+    }
+)
+
+
 def FILTER_SOURCE_FILES() -> list[str]:
-    """Filter out api_pb2_dump.cpp when proto message dumping is not enabled,
-    user_services.cpp when no services are defined, and protocol-specific
-    implementations based on encryption configuration."""
-    files_to_filter: list[str] = []
+    files_to_filter = _define_filter()
 
     # api_pb2_dump.cpp is only needed when HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP is defined
     # This is a particularly large file that still needs to be opened and read
@@ -846,21 +1008,4 @@ def FILTER_SOURCE_FILES() -> list[str]:
     if get_logger_level() != "VERY_VERBOSE":
         files_to_filter.append("api_pb2_dump.cpp")
 
-    # user_services.cpp is only needed when services are defined
-    config = CORE.config.get(DOMAIN, {})
-    if config and not config.get(CONF_ACTIONS) and not config[CONF_CUSTOM_SERVICES]:
-        files_to_filter.append("user_services.cpp")
-
-    # Filter protocol-specific implementations based on encryption configuration
-    encryption_config = config.get(CONF_ENCRYPTION) if config else None
-
-    # If encryption is not configured at all, we only need plaintext
-    if encryption_config is None:
-        files_to_filter.append("api_frame_helper_noise.cpp")
-    # If encryption is configured with a key, we only need noise
-    elif encryption_config.get(CONF_KEY):
-        files_to_filter.append("api_frame_helper_plaintext.cpp")
-    # If encryption is configured but no key is provided, we need both
-    # (this allows a plaintext client to provide a noise key)
-
     return files_to_filter
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api.proto b/esphome/components/api/api.proto
index 5c5540e4c5..3e18ae03c0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api.proto
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api.proto
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ service APIConnection {
   rpc device_info (DeviceInfoRequest) returns (DeviceInfoResponse) {
     option (needs_authentication) = false;
   }
+  rpc device_capabilities (DeviceCapabilitiesRequest) returns (DeviceCapabilitiesResponse) {}
   rpc list_entities (ListEntitiesRequest) returns (void) {}
   rpc subscribe_states (SubscribeStatesRequest) returns (void) {}
   rpc subscribe_logs (SubscribeLogsRequest) returns (void) {}
@@ -234,6 +235,7 @@ enum SerialProxyPortType {
 message SerialProxyInfo {
   string name = 1;                    // Human-readable port name
   SerialProxyPortType port_type = 2;  // Port type (RS232, RS485)
+  uint32 configured_line_states = 3;  // Bitmask of SerialProxyLineStateFlags this instance can drive
 }
 
 // DeviceInfoResponse max_data_length values:
@@ -246,6 +248,12 @@ message SerialProxyInfo {
 //   model = 127 (core/config.BOARD_MAX_LENGTH, validated in platform schemas)
 //   project_name/project_version = 127 (core/config.PROJECT_MAX_LENGTH)
 //   suggested_area = 120 (core/config.FRIENDLY_NAME_MAX_LEN via AREA_SCHEMA)
+//
+// Some fields below are marked "Superseded by DeviceCapabilitiesResponse". They
+// have moved to that message as of API 1.15, but are still sent here so that
+// older clients keep working. Do NOT mark them (deprecated) until the removal
+// release: in this repo (deprecated) makes the generator drop the field
+// entirely, so the device would stop sending it.
 message DeviceInfoResponse {
   option (id) = 10;
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
@@ -283,6 +291,8 @@ message DeviceInfoResponse {
 
   // Deprecated in API version 1.9
   uint32 legacy_bluetooth_proxy_version = 11 [deprecated=true, (field_ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY"];
+
+  // Superseded by DeviceCapabilitiesResponse.bluetooth_proxy as of API 1.15.
   uint32 bluetooth_proxy_feature_flags = 15 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY"];
 
   string manufacturer = 12 [(max_data_length) = 20, (force) = true];
@@ -291,11 +301,14 @@ message DeviceInfoResponse {
 
   // Deprecated in API version 1.10
   uint32 legacy_voice_assistant_version = 14 [deprecated=true, (field_ifdef) = "USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT"];
+
+  // Superseded by DeviceCapabilitiesResponse.voice_assistant as of API 1.15.
   uint32 voice_assistant_feature_flags = 17 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT"];
 
   string suggested_area = 16 [(max_data_length) = 120, (force) = true, (field_ifdef) = "USE_AREAS"];
 
   // The Bluetooth mac address of the device. For example "AC:BC:32:89:0E:AA"
+  // Superseded by DeviceCapabilitiesResponse.bluetooth_proxy.mac_address as of API 1.15.
   string bluetooth_mac_address = 18 [(max_data_length) = 17, (force) = true, (field_ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY"];
 
   // Supports receiving and saving api encryption key
@@ -308,10 +321,13 @@ message DeviceInfoResponse {
   AreaInfo area = 22 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_AREAS"];
 
   // Indicates if Z-Wave proxy support is available and features supported
+  // Superseded by DeviceCapabilitiesResponse.zwave_proxy as of API 1.15.
   uint32 zwave_proxy_feature_flags = 23 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_ZWAVE_PROXY"];
+  // Superseded by DeviceCapabilitiesResponse.zwave_proxy as of API 1.15.
   uint32 zwave_home_id = 24 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_ZWAVE_PROXY"];
 
   // Serial proxy instance metadata
+  // Superseded by DeviceCapabilitiesResponse.serial_proxies as of API 1.15.
   repeated SerialProxyInfo serial_proxies = 25 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_SERIAL_PROXY", (fixed_array_size_define) = "SERIAL_PROXY_COUNT"];
 
   // Device is unprovisioned and accepts Noise handshakes with the well-known
@@ -324,6 +340,63 @@ message DeviceInfoResponse {
   uint64 zigbee_ieee_address = 28 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_ZIGBEE_PROXY"];
 }
 
+// ==================== DEVICE CAPABILITIES ====================
+
+// Asks the device which optional features it supports.
+//
+// This message exists so that DeviceInfoResponse does not have to keep growing
+// a flat list of feature flags. DeviceInfoResponse is served before
+// authentication, so it is limited to identity information. Capabilities are
+// only served on an authenticated connection (encrypted as well, when
+// encryption is configured).
+//
+// Clients that see api_version >= 1.15 should read these values from
+// DeviceCapabilitiesResponse and ignore the matching DeviceInfoResponse fields.
+// Older clients keep reading DeviceInfoResponse, which still carries the same
+// values, so this is not a breaking change.
+message DeviceCapabilitiesRequest {
+  option (id) = 149;
+  option (source) = SOURCE_CLIENT;
+  // Empty
+}
+
+// Each feature gets its own sub-message so that it can gain fields over time
+// without crowding the top-level field numbering.
+//
+// Note: a sub-message whose fields are all at their default value is not sent
+// at all, so the presence of a sub-message is not a reliable test for "this
+// feature is compiled in". Clients should test a value inside it, for example
+// a non-zero feature_flags, exactly as they do today with DeviceInfoResponse.
+
+message BluetoothProxyCapabilities {
+  // Bitmask of the features this proxy supports
+  uint32 feature_flags = 1;
+  // The Bluetooth mac address of the device. For example "AC:BC:32:89:0E:AA"
+  string mac_address = 2 [(max_data_length) = 17, (force) = true];
+}
+
+message VoiceAssistantCapabilities {
+  // Bitmask of the features this voice assistant supports
+  uint32 feature_flags = 1;
+}
+
+message ZWaveProxyCapabilities {
+  // Bitmask of the features this proxy supports
+  uint32 feature_flags = 1;
+  uint32 home_id = 2;
+}
+
+message DeviceCapabilitiesResponse {
+  option (id) = 150;
+  option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
+
+  BluetoothProxyCapabilities bluetooth_proxy = 1 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY"];
+  VoiceAssistantCapabilities voice_assistant = 2 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT"];
+  ZWaveProxyCapabilities zwave_proxy = 3 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_ZWAVE_PROXY"];
+  repeated SerialProxyInfo serial_proxies = 4
+      [(field_ifdef) = "USE_SERIAL_PROXY", (fixed_array_size_define) = "SERIAL_PROXY_COUNT"];
+}
+
 message ListEntitiesRequest {
   option (id) = 11;
   option (source) = SOURCE_CLIENT;
@@ -937,8 +1010,12 @@ message GetTimeResponse {
   option (no_delay) = true;
 
   fixed32 epoch_seconds = 1;
-  string timezone = 2;
-  ParsedTimezone parsed_timezone = 3;
+  // Deprecated in 2026.9.0: clients still send this string for older firmware,
+  // but new firmware only reads parsed_timezone. Clients older than Home
+  // Assistant 2026.3.0 that send only the string leave the device on its
+  // codegen-configured timezone (or UTC).
+  string timezone = 2 [deprecated = true];
+  ParsedTimezone parsed_timezone = 3 [(track_presence) = true];
 }
 
 // ==================== USER-DEFINES SERVICES ====================
@@ -964,6 +1041,8 @@ message ListEntitiesServicesArgument {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS";
   string name = 1;
   ServiceArgType type = 2;
+  string description = 3 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA"];
+  string example = 4 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA"];
 }
 message ListEntitiesServicesResponse {
   option (id) = 41;
@@ -974,6 +1053,7 @@ message ListEntitiesServicesResponse {
   fixed32 key = 2 [(force) = true];
   repeated ListEntitiesServicesArgument args = 3 [(fixed_vector) = true];
   SupportsResponseType supports_response = 4;
+  string description = 5 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA"];
 }
 message ExecuteServiceArgument {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS";
@@ -1584,7 +1664,8 @@ message ListEntitiesMediaPlayerResponse {
   bool disabled_by_default = 6;
   EntityCategory entity_category = 7;
 
-  bool supports_pause = 8;
+  // Deprecated in ESPHome 2026.9.0; use feature_flags instead.
+  bool supports_pause = 8 [deprecated = true];
 
   repeated MediaPlayerSupportedFormat supported_formats = 9;
 
@@ -1695,7 +1776,7 @@ enum BluetoothDeviceRequestType {
 message BluetoothDeviceRequest {
   option (id) = 68;
   option (source) = SOURCE_CLIENT;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS";
 
   uint64 address = 1;
   BluetoothDeviceRequestType request_type = 2;
@@ -1706,7 +1787,7 @@ message BluetoothDeviceRequest {
 message BluetoothDeviceConnectionResponse {
   option (id) = 69;
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS";
 
   uint64 address = 1;
   bool connected = 2;
@@ -1717,7 +1798,7 @@ message BluetoothDeviceConnectionResponse {
 message BluetoothGATTGetServicesRequest {
   option (id) = 70;
   option (source) = SOURCE_CLIENT;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS";
 
   uint64 address = 1;
 }
@@ -1761,7 +1842,7 @@ message BluetoothGATTService {
 message BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse {
   option (id) = 71;
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS";
 
   uint64 address = 1;
   repeated BluetoothGATTService services = 2;
@@ -1770,7 +1851,7 @@ message BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse {
 message BluetoothGATTGetServicesDoneResponse {
   option (id) = 72;
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS";
 
   uint64 address = 1;
 }
@@ -1778,7 +1859,7 @@ message BluetoothGATTGetServicesDoneResponse {
 message BluetoothGATTReadRequest {
   option (id) = 73;
   option (source) = SOURCE_CLIENT;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS";
 
   uint64 address = 1;
   uint32 handle = 2;
@@ -1787,7 +1868,7 @@ message BluetoothGATTReadRequest {
 message BluetoothGATTReadResponse {
   option (id) = 74;
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS";
 
   uint64 address = 1;
   uint32 handle = 2;
@@ -1799,7 +1880,7 @@ message BluetoothGATTReadResponse {
 message BluetoothGATTWriteRequest {
   option (id) = 75;
   option (source) = SOURCE_CLIENT;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS";
 
   uint64 address = 1;
   uint32 handle = 2;
@@ -1811,7 +1892,7 @@ message BluetoothGATTWriteRequest {
 message BluetoothGATTReadDescriptorRequest {
   option (id) = 76;
   option (source) = SOURCE_CLIENT;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS";
 
   uint64 address = 1;
   uint32 handle = 2;
@@ -1820,7 +1901,7 @@ message BluetoothGATTReadDescriptorRequest {
 message BluetoothGATTWriteDescriptorRequest {
   option (id) = 77;
   option (source) = SOURCE_CLIENT;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS";
 
   uint64 address = 1;
   uint32 handle = 2;
@@ -1831,7 +1912,7 @@ message BluetoothGATTWriteDescriptorRequest {
 message BluetoothGATTNotifyRequest {
   option (id) = 78;
   option (source) = SOURCE_CLIENT;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS";
 
   uint64 address = 1;
   uint32 handle = 2;
@@ -1841,7 +1922,7 @@ message BluetoothGATTNotifyRequest {
 message BluetoothGATTNotifyDataResponse {
   option (id) = 79;
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS";
 
   uint64 address = 1;
   uint32 handle = 2;
@@ -1852,13 +1933,13 @@ message BluetoothGATTNotifyDataResponse {
 message SubscribeBluetoothConnectionsFreeRequest {
   option (id) = 80;
   option (source) = SOURCE_CLIENT;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS";
 }
 
 message BluetoothConnectionsFreeResponse {
   option (id) = 81;
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS";
 
   uint32 free = 1;
   uint32 limit = 2;
@@ -1871,7 +1952,7 @@ message BluetoothConnectionsFreeResponse {
 message BluetoothGATTErrorResponse {
   option (id) = 82;
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS";
 
   uint64 address = 1;
   uint32 handle = 2;
@@ -1881,7 +1962,7 @@ message BluetoothGATTErrorResponse {
 message BluetoothGATTWriteResponse {
   option (id) = 83;
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS";
 
   uint64 address = 1;
   uint32 handle = 2;
@@ -1890,7 +1971,7 @@ message BluetoothGATTWriteResponse {
 message BluetoothGATTNotifyResponse {
   option (id) = 84;
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS";
 
   uint64 address = 1;
   uint32 handle = 2;
@@ -1899,7 +1980,7 @@ message BluetoothGATTNotifyResponse {
 message BluetoothDevicePairingResponse {
   option (id) = 85;
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS";
 
   uint64 address = 1;
   bool paired = 2;
@@ -1909,7 +1990,7 @@ message BluetoothDevicePairingResponse {
 message BluetoothDeviceUnpairingResponse {
   option (id) = 86;
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS";
 
   uint64 address = 1;
   bool success = 2;
@@ -1925,7 +2006,7 @@ message UnsubscribeBluetoothLEAdvertisementsRequest {
 message BluetoothDeviceClearCacheResponse {
   option (id) = 88;
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS";
 
   uint64 address = 1;
   bool success = 2;
@@ -2557,6 +2638,22 @@ message ZWaveProxyRequest {
   bytes data = 2;
 }
 
+enum ZWaveProxyStatus {
+  ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_OK = 0;             // Request completed successfully
+  ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_IN_USE = 1;         // Denied: another client is already subscribed
+  ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED = 2;  // Request type not supported
+}
+
+// Acknowledges a ZWaveProxyRequest (subscribe/unsubscribe). Sent since API 1.16.
+message ZWaveProxyRequestResponse {
+  option (id) = 151;
+  option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_ZWAVE_PROXY";
+
+  ZWaveProxyRequestType type = 1;  // Which request type this responds to
+  ZWaveProxyStatus status = 2;     // Result status
+}
+
 // ==================== INFRARED ====================
 // Note: Feature and capability flag enums are defined in
 // esphome/components/infrared/infrared.h
@@ -2700,12 +2797,18 @@ message SerialProxyGetModemPinsResponse {
 
   uint32 instance = 1;          // Instance index (0-based)
   uint32 line_states = 2;       // Bitmask of SerialProxyLineStateFlags
+  SerialProxyStatus status = 3; // INVALID_ARGUMENT if the instance index is out of range (since API 1.16)
 }
 
 enum SerialProxyRequestType {
   SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_SUBSCRIBE = 0;   // Subscribe to receive data from this serial proxy instance
   SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_UNSUBSCRIBE = 1; // Unsubscribe from this serial proxy instance
   SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_FLUSH = 2;       // Flush the serial port (block until all TX data is sent)
+  // Values below are only valid in SerialProxyRequestResponse.type, identifying which
+  // operation is being acknowledged. Sending them in SerialProxyRequest.type is an
+  // error the device answers with INVALID_ARGUMENT.
+  SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_CONFIGURE = 3;      // Acknowledges a SerialProxyConfigureRequest
+  SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_SET_MODEM_PINS = 4; // Acknowledges a SerialProxySetModemPinsRequest
 }
 
 enum SerialProxyStatus {
@@ -2714,6 +2817,8 @@ enum SerialProxyStatus {
   SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_ERROR = 2;           // Driver or hardware error
   SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_TIMEOUT = 3;         // Timed out before TX completed
   SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED = 4;   // Request type not supported by this instance
+  SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_PORT_IN_USE = 5;     // Denied: another client holds the port
+  SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT = 6; // Invalid instance index or parameter value
 }
 
 // Generic request message for simple serial proxy operations
@@ -2726,7 +2831,9 @@ message SerialProxyRequest {
   SerialProxyRequestType type = 2;      // Request type
 }
 
-// Response to a SerialProxyRequest (e.g. flush completion or failure)
+// Acknowledges a serial proxy operation; the type field identifies which
+// operation is being acknowledged. Flush has been acknowledged since the
+// message was introduced; all other acknowledgements are sent since API 1.16.
 message SerialProxyRequestResponse {
   option (id) = 147;
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
@@ -2759,7 +2866,7 @@ message SerialProxySetModeRequest {
 message BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest {
   option (id) = 145;
   option (source) = SOURCE_CLIENT;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS";
 
   uint64 address = 1;
   uint32 min_interval = 2;  // units of 1.25ms
@@ -2771,7 +2878,7 @@ message BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest {
 message BluetoothSetConnectionParamsResponse {
   option (id) = 146;
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS";
 
   uint64 address = 1;
   int32 error = 2;
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_buffer.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_buffer.cpp
index 6db18b0365..fc45a4e971 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_buffer.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_buffer.cpp
@@ -1,13 +1,20 @@
 #include "api_buffer.h"
+#include <new>
 
 namespace esphome::api {
 
-void APIBuffer::grow_(size_t n) {
-  auto new_data = make_buffer(n);
+bool APIBuffer::grow_(size_t n) {
+  // nothrow (no zero-fill) so OOM is reportable; plain new aborts instead
+  // (NEW_OOM_ABORT on ESP8266 Arduino, exception stub on ESP-IDF).
+  // RAMAllocator is no fit here: unique_ptr needs delete[]-compatible memory.
+  std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> new_data(new (std::nothrow) uint8_t[n]);
+  if (new_data == nullptr)
+    return false;
   if (this->size_)
     std::memcpy(new_data.get(), this->data_.get(), this->size_);
   this->data_ = std::move(new_data);
   this->capacity_ = n;
+  return true;
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::api
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_buffer.h b/esphome/components/api/api_buffer.h
index 1d0cccf61c..396dadbe58 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_buffer.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_buffer.h
@@ -9,16 +9,6 @@
 
 namespace esphome::api {
 
-/// Helper to use make_unique_for_overwrite where available (skips zero-fill),
-/// falling back to make_unique on older GCC (ESP8266, LibreTiny).
-inline std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> make_buffer(size_t n) {
-#if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
-  return std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(n);
-#else
-  return std::make_unique_for_overwrite<uint8_t[]>(n);
-#endif
-}
-
 /// Byte buffer that skips zero-initialization on resize().
 ///
 /// std::vector<uint8_t>::resize() zero-fills new bytes via memset. For the
@@ -36,23 +26,23 @@ inline std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> make_buffer(size_t n) {
 class APIBuffer {
  public:
   void clear() { this->size_ = 0; }
-  inline void reserve(size_t n) ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE {
-    if (n > this->capacity_)
-      this->grow_(n);
-  }
-  inline void resize(size_t n) ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE {
-    this->reserve(n);
-    this->size_ = n;  // no zero-fill
-  }
+  /// Returns false if allocation fails; the buffer is left unchanged.
+  [[nodiscard]] inline bool reserve(size_t n) ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE { return n <= this->capacity_ || this->grow_(n); }
+  /// Returns false if allocation fails; the buffer is left unchanged. No zero-fill.
+  [[nodiscard]] inline bool resize(size_t n) ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE { return this->reserve_and_resize(n, n); }
   /// Reserve capacity for max(reserve_size, new_size) bytes, then set size to new_size.
   /// Single grow_ check regardless of argument order.
-  inline void reserve_and_resize(size_t reserve_size, size_t new_size) ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE {
-    this->reserve(std::max(reserve_size, new_size));
+  /// Returns false if allocation fails; the buffer is left unchanged.
+  [[nodiscard]] inline bool reserve_and_resize(size_t reserve_size, size_t new_size) ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE {
+    if (!this->reserve(std::max(reserve_size, new_size)))
+      return false;
     this->size_ = new_size;
+    return true;
   }
   uint8_t *data() { return this->data_.get(); }
   const uint8_t *data() const { return this->data_.get(); }
   size_t size() const { return this->size_; }
+  size_t capacity() const { return this->capacity_; }
   bool empty() const { return this->size_ == 0; }
   uint8_t &operator[](size_t i) { return this->data_[i]; }
   const uint8_t &operator[](size_t i) const { return this->data_[i]; }
@@ -64,7 +54,7 @@ class APIBuffer {
   }
 
  protected:
-  void grow_(size_t n);
+  bool grow_(size_t n);
   std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> data_;
   size_t size_{0};
   size_t capacity_{0};
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
index 49db8e645d..3fc46e5c19 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include "api_connection.h"
 #ifdef USE_API
-#include "api_connection_buffer.h"  // for encode_to_buffer / get_batch_delay_ms_ inlines
+#include "api_connection_buffer.h"  // for the APIServer-dependent APIConnection inlines
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
 #include "api_frame_helper_noise.h"
 #endif
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/entity_base.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/version.h"
 #ifdef USE_PROVISIONING
@@ -91,6 +92,13 @@ static_assert(ESPHOME_DEVICE_NAME_MAX_LEN <= 31, "Update max_data_length for nam
 static_assert(ESPHOME_FRIENDLY_NAME_MAX_LEN <= 120, "Update max_data_length for friendly_name in api.proto");
 
 static const char *const TAG = "api.connection";
+
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_WARN
+void log_dropped_message(const char *tag, int line, const LogString *what) {
+  esp_log_printf_(ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_WARN, tag, line, ESPHOME_LOG_FORMAT("%s dropped, TCP buffer full"),
+                  LOG_STR_ARG(what));
+}
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_CAMERA
 static const int CAMERA_STOP_STREAM = 5000;
 #endif
@@ -155,11 +163,6 @@ APIConnection::APIConnection(std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> sock, APIServer *pa
 #else
 #error "No frame helper defined"
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_CAMERA
-  if (camera::Camera::instance() != nullptr) {
-    this->image_reader_ = std::unique_ptr<camera::CameraImageReader>{camera::Camera::instance()->create_image_reader()};
-  }
-#endif
 }
 
 void APIConnection::start() {
@@ -412,15 +415,15 @@ void APIConnection::finalize_iterator_sync_() {
 }
 
 void APIConnection::process_iterator_batch_(ComponentIterator &iterator) {
-  size_t initial_size = this->deferred_batch_.size();
-  size_t max_batch = MAX_INITIAL_PER_BATCH;
-  while (!iterator.completed() && (this->deferred_batch_.size() - initial_size) < max_batch) {
-    iterator.advance();
-  }
+  // Budget by remaining batch capacity so a pass cannot overfill the batch;
+  // stops early on a refused send and resumes next loop pass
+  size_t batch_size = this->deferred_batch_.size();
+  if (batch_size < MAX_INITIAL_BATCH_SIZE)
+    iterator.try_advance(MAX_INITIAL_BATCH_SIZE - batch_size);
 
-  // If the batch is full, process it immediately
-  // Note: iterator.advance() already calls schedule_batch_() via schedule_message_()
-  if (this->deferred_batch_.size() >= max_batch) {
+  // Flush immediately once enough is queued (not guaranteed every pass);
+  // partial batches go out via the batch timer or finalize_iterator_sync_()
+  if (this->deferred_batch_.size() >= MAX_INITIAL_BATCH_SIZE) {
     this->process_batch_();
   }
 }
@@ -443,7 +446,7 @@ void APIConnection::on_disconnect_response() {
 uint16_t APIConnection::fill_and_encode_entity_state(EntityBase *entity, StateResponseProtoMessage &msg,
                                                      CalculateSizeFn size_fn, MessageEncodeFn encode_fn,
                                                      APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
-  msg.key = entity->get_entity_key();
+  msg.key = entity->get_object_id_hash();
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
   msg.device_id = entity->get_device_id();
 #endif
@@ -454,7 +457,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::fill_and_encode_entity_info(EntityBase *entity, InfoResp
                                                     CalculateSizeFn size_fn, MessageEncodeFn encode_fn,
                                                     APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
   // Set common fields that are shared by all entity types
-  msg.key = entity->get_entity_key();
+  msg.key = entity->get_object_id_hash();
 
   if (entity->has_own_name()) {
     msg.name = entity->get_name();
@@ -1099,7 +1102,6 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_media_player_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnec
   auto *media_player = static_cast<media_player::MediaPlayer *>(entity);
   ListEntitiesMediaPlayerResponse msg;
   auto traits = media_player->get_traits();
-  msg.supports_pause = traits.get_supports_pause();
   msg.feature_flags = traits.get_feature_flags();
   for (auto &supported_format : traits.get_supported_formats()) {
     msg.supported_formats.emplace_back();
@@ -1135,6 +1137,7 @@ void APIConnection::try_send_camera_image_() {
   if (!this->image_reader_)
     return;
 
+  const auto *cam = camera::Camera::instance();
   // Send as many chunks as possible without blocking
   while (this->image_reader_->available()) {
     if (!this->helper_->can_write_without_blocking())
@@ -1144,11 +1147,11 @@ void APIConnection::try_send_camera_image_() {
     bool done = this->image_reader_->available() == to_send;
 
     CameraImageResponse msg;
-    msg.key = camera::Camera::instance()->get_entity_key();
+    msg.key = cam->get_object_id_hash();
     msg.set_data(this->image_reader_->peek_data_buffer(), to_send);
     msg.done = done;
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-    msg.device_id = camera::Camera::instance()->get_device_id();
+    msg.device_id = cam->get_device_id();
 #endif
 
     if (!this->send_message(msg)) {
@@ -1164,15 +1167,19 @@ void APIConnection::try_send_camera_image_() {
 void APIConnection::set_camera_state(std::shared_ptr<camera::CameraImage> image) {
   if (!this->flags_.state_subscription)
     return;
-  if (!this->image_reader_)
+  if (this->image_reader_ && this->image_reader_->available())
     return;
-  if (this->image_reader_->available())
+  if (!image->was_requested_by(esphome::camera::API_REQUESTER) && !image->was_requested_by(esphome::camera::IDLE))
     return;
-  if (image->was_requested_by(esphome::camera::API_REQUESTER) || image->was_requested_by(esphome::camera::IDLE)) {
-    this->image_reader_->set_image(std::move(image));
-    // Try to send immediately to reduce latency
-    this->try_send_camera_image_();
+  if (!this->image_reader_) {
+    // Created on the first image this connection will send, so connections
+    // that never receive one never pay for a reader. Only a registered
+    // camera's listener can reach this, so instance() is non-null here.
+    this->image_reader_ = std::unique_ptr<camera::CameraImageReader>{camera::Camera::instance()->create_image_reader()};
   }
+  this->image_reader_->set_image(std::move(image));
+  // Try to send immediately to reduce latency
+  this->try_send_camera_image_();
 }
 uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_camera_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
   auto *camera = static_cast<camera::Camera *>(entity);
@@ -1199,31 +1206,28 @@ void APIConnection::on_get_time_response(const GetTimeResponse &value) {
   if (homeassistant::global_homeassistant_time != nullptr) {
     homeassistant::global_homeassistant_time->set_epoch_time(value.epoch_seconds);
 #if defined(USE_HOMEASSISTANT_TIMEZONE) && defined(USE_TIME_TIMEZONE)
-    if (!value.timezone.empty()) {
-      // Check if the sender provided pre-parsed timezone data.
-      // If std_offset is non-zero or DST rules are present, the parsed data was populated.
-      // For UTC (all zeros), string parsing produces the same result, so the fallback is equivalent.
+    // Apply only if the sender provided pre-parsed timezone data (Home Assistant 2026.3.0
+    // and newer); field presence distinguishes a genuine all-zero UTC timezone from an
+    // absent field. Older clients send only the deprecated timezone string, which is no
+    // longer decoded; for them the device keeps its codegen-configured timezone.
+    if (value.has_parsed_timezone) {
       const auto &pt = value.parsed_timezone;
-      if (pt.std_offset_seconds != 0 || pt.dst_start.type != enums::DST_RULE_TYPE_NONE) {
-        time::ParsedTimezone tz{};
-        tz.std_offset_seconds = pt.std_offset_seconds;
-        tz.dst_offset_seconds = pt.dst_offset_seconds;
-        tz.dst_start.time_seconds = pt.dst_start.time_seconds;
-        tz.dst_start.day = static_cast<uint16_t>(pt.dst_start.day);
-        tz.dst_start.type = static_cast<time::DSTRuleType>(pt.dst_start.type);
-        tz.dst_start.month = static_cast<uint8_t>(pt.dst_start.month);
-        tz.dst_start.week = static_cast<uint8_t>(pt.dst_start.week);
-        tz.dst_start.day_of_week = static_cast<uint8_t>(pt.dst_start.day_of_week);
-        tz.dst_end.time_seconds = pt.dst_end.time_seconds;
-        tz.dst_end.day = static_cast<uint16_t>(pt.dst_end.day);
-        tz.dst_end.type = static_cast<time::DSTRuleType>(pt.dst_end.type);
-        tz.dst_end.month = static_cast<uint8_t>(pt.dst_end.month);
-        tz.dst_end.week = static_cast<uint8_t>(pt.dst_end.week);
-        tz.dst_end.day_of_week = static_cast<uint8_t>(pt.dst_end.day_of_week);
-        time::set_global_tz(tz);
-      } else {
-        homeassistant::global_homeassistant_time->set_timezone(value.timezone.c_str(), value.timezone.size());
-      }
+      time::ParsedTimezone tz{};
+      tz.std_offset_seconds = pt.std_offset_seconds;
+      tz.dst_offset_seconds = pt.dst_offset_seconds;
+      tz.dst_start.time_seconds = pt.dst_start.time_seconds;
+      tz.dst_start.day = static_cast<uint16_t>(pt.dst_start.day);
+      tz.dst_start.type = static_cast<time::DSTRuleType>(pt.dst_start.type);
+      tz.dst_start.month = static_cast<uint8_t>(pt.dst_start.month);
+      tz.dst_start.week = static_cast<uint8_t>(pt.dst_start.week);
+      tz.dst_start.day_of_week = static_cast<uint8_t>(pt.dst_start.day_of_week);
+      tz.dst_end.time_seconds = pt.dst_end.time_seconds;
+      tz.dst_end.day = static_cast<uint16_t>(pt.dst_end.day);
+      tz.dst_end.type = static_cast<time::DSTRuleType>(pt.dst_end.type);
+      tz.dst_end.month = static_cast<uint8_t>(pt.dst_end.month);
+      tz.dst_end.week = static_cast<uint8_t>(pt.dst_end.week);
+      tz.dst_end.day_of_week = static_cast<uint8_t>(pt.dst_end.day_of_week);
+      time::set_global_tz(tz);
     }
 #endif
   }
@@ -1238,6 +1242,7 @@ void APIConnection::on_subscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements_request(
 void APIConnection::on_unsubscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements_request() {
   bluetooth_proxy::global_bluetooth_proxy->unsubscribe_api_connection(this);
 }
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
 void APIConnection::on_bluetooth_device_request(const BluetoothDeviceRequest &msg) {
   bluetooth_proxy::global_bluetooth_proxy->bluetooth_device_request(msg);
 }
@@ -1271,13 +1276,15 @@ void APIConnection::on_subscribe_bluetooth_connections_free_request() {
   }
 }
 
+void APIConnection::on_bluetooth_set_connection_params_request(const BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest &msg) {
+  bluetooth_proxy::global_bluetooth_proxy->bluetooth_set_connection_params(msg);
+}
+#endif
+
 void APIConnection::on_bluetooth_scanner_set_mode_request(const BluetoothScannerSetModeRequest &msg) {
   bluetooth_proxy::global_bluetooth_proxy->bluetooth_scanner_set_mode(
       msg.mode == enums::BluetoothScannerMode::BLUETOOTH_SCANNER_MODE_ACTIVE);
 }
-void APIConnection::on_bluetooth_set_connection_params_request(const BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest &msg) {
-  bluetooth_proxy::global_bluetooth_proxy->bluetooth_set_connection_params(msg);
-}
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
@@ -1376,7 +1383,12 @@ void APIConnection::on_z_wave_proxy_frame(const ZWaveProxyFrame &msg) {
 }
 
 void APIConnection::on_z_wave_proxy_request(const ZWaveProxyRequest &msg) {
-  zwave_proxy::global_zwave_proxy->zwave_proxy_request(this, msg.type);
+  ZWaveProxyRequestResponse resp{};
+  resp.type = msg.type;
+  resp.status = zwave_proxy::global_zwave_proxy->zwave_proxy_request(this, msg.type);
+  if (!this->send_message(resp)) {
+    API_LOG_MSG_DROPPED(TAG, "Z-Wave proxy response");
+  }
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -1541,19 +1553,60 @@ void APIConnection::on_infrared_rf_transmit_raw_timings_request(const InfraredRF
 #endif
 
 #if defined(USE_IR_RF) || defined(USE_RADIO_FREQUENCY)
-void APIConnection::send_infrared_rf_receive_event(const InfraredRFReceiveEvent &msg) { this->send_message(msg); }
+void APIConnection::send_infrared_rf_receive_event(const InfraredRFReceiveEvent &msg) {
+  if (!this->send_message(msg)) {
+    // V: fires per decoded frame with no subscription gate, so a warning
+    // would flood the congested link it reports on.
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "IR/RF event dropped, TCP buffer full");
+  }
+}
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+static enums::SerialProxyStatus serial_proxy_result_to_status(serial_proxy::SerialProxyResult result) {
+  switch (result) {
+    case serial_proxy::SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_OK:
+      return enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_OK;
+    case serial_proxy::SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_ASSUMED_SUCCESS:
+      return enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_ASSUMED_SUCCESS;
+    case serial_proxy::SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_PORT_IN_USE:
+      return enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_PORT_IN_USE;
+    case serial_proxy::SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_INVALID_ARGUMENT:
+      return enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+    case serial_proxy::SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_TIMEOUT:
+      return enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_TIMEOUT;
+    case serial_proxy::SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_NOT_SUPPORTED:
+      return enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+    case serial_proxy::SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_ERROR:
+      return enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_ERROR;
+  }
+  return enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_ERROR;  // Unreachable; all enum values handled above
+}
+
+static void send_serial_proxy_ack(APIConnection *conn, uint32_t instance, enums::SerialProxyRequestType type,
+                                  enums::SerialProxyStatus status) {
+  SerialProxyRequestResponse resp{};
+  resp.instance = instance;
+  resp.type = type;
+  resp.status = status;
+  if (!conn->send_message(resp)) {
+    API_LOG_MSG_DROPPED(TAG, "Serial proxy response");
+  }
+}
+
 void APIConnection::on_serial_proxy_configure_request(const SerialProxyConfigureRequest &msg) {
   auto &proxies = App.get_serial_proxies();
   if (msg.instance >= proxies.size()) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Serial proxy instance %" PRIu32 " out of range (max %" PRIu32 ")", msg.instance,
              static_cast<uint32_t>(proxies.size()));
+    send_serial_proxy_ack(this, msg.instance, enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_CONFIGURE,
+                          enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
     return;
   }
-  proxies[msg.instance]->configure(this, msg.baudrate, msg.flow_control, static_cast<uint8_t>(msg.parity),
-                                   msg.stop_bits, msg.data_size);
+  serial_proxy::SerialProxyResult result = proxies[msg.instance]->configure(
+      this, msg.baudrate, msg.flow_control, static_cast<uint8_t>(msg.parity), msg.stop_bits, msg.data_size);
+  send_serial_proxy_ack(this, msg.instance, enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_CONFIGURE,
+                        serial_proxy_result_to_status(result));
 }
 
 void APIConnection::on_serial_proxy_write_request(const SerialProxyWriteRequest &msg) {
@@ -1569,59 +1622,64 @@ void APIConnection::on_serial_proxy_set_modem_pins_request(const SerialProxySetM
   auto &proxies = App.get_serial_proxies();
   if (msg.instance >= proxies.size()) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Serial proxy instance %" PRIu32 " out of range", msg.instance);
+    send_serial_proxy_ack(this, msg.instance, enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_SET_MODEM_PINS,
+                          enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
     return;
   }
-  proxies[msg.instance]->set_modem_pins(this, msg.line_states);
+  serial_proxy::SerialProxyResult result = proxies[msg.instance]->set_modem_pins(this, msg.line_states);
+  send_serial_proxy_ack(this, msg.instance, enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_SET_MODEM_PINS,
+                        serial_proxy_result_to_status(result));
 }
 
 void APIConnection::on_serial_proxy_get_modem_pins_request(const SerialProxyGetModemPinsRequest &msg) {
   auto &proxies = App.get_serial_proxies();
-  if (msg.instance >= proxies.size()) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Serial proxy instance %" PRIu32 " out of range", msg.instance);
-    return;
-  }
   SerialProxyGetModemPinsResponse resp{};
   resp.instance = msg.instance;
-  resp.line_states = proxies[msg.instance]->get_modem_pins();
-  this->send_message(resp);
+  if (msg.instance >= proxies.size()) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Serial proxy instance %" PRIu32 " out of range", msg.instance);
+    // Pre-1.16 clients do not read the status field and would take this error
+    // for a successful "both pins deasserted" answer; let them time out as before
+    if (!this->client_supports_api_version(1, 16)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    resp.status = enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  } else {
+    resp.line_states = proxies[msg.instance]->get_modem_pins();
+  }
+  if (!this->send_message(resp)) {
+    API_LOG_MSG_DROPPED(TAG, "Serial proxy response");
+  }
 }
 
 void APIConnection::on_serial_proxy_request(const SerialProxyRequest &msg) {
   auto &proxies = App.get_serial_proxies();
   if (msg.instance >= proxies.size()) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Serial proxy instance %" PRIu32 " out of range", msg.instance);
+    send_serial_proxy_ack(this, msg.instance, msg.type, enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
     return;
   }
+  auto *proxy = proxies[msg.instance];
+  enums::SerialProxyStatus status;
   switch (msg.type) {
     case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_SUBSCRIBE:
     case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_UNSUBSCRIBE:
-      proxies[msg.instance]->serial_proxy_request(this, msg.type);
+      status = serial_proxy_result_to_status(proxy->serial_proxy_request(this, msg.type));
       break;
-    case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_FLUSH: {
-      SerialProxyRequestResponse resp{};
-      resp.instance = msg.instance;
-      resp.type = enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_FLUSH;
-      switch (proxies[msg.instance]->flush_port()) {
-        case uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_SUCCESS:
-          resp.status = enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_OK;
-          break;
-        case uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_ASSUMED_SUCCESS:
-          resp.status = enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_ASSUMED_SUCCESS;
-          break;
-        case uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_TIMEOUT:
-          resp.status = enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_TIMEOUT;
-          break;
-        case uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_FAILED:
-          resp.status = enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_ERROR;
-          break;
-      }
-      this->send_message(resp);
+    case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_FLUSH:
+      status = serial_proxy_result_to_status(proxy->flush_port(this));
+      break;
+    case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_CONFIGURE:
+    case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_SET_MODEM_PINS:
+      // Response-only discriminators; never valid in a request
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Response-only serial proxy request type: %" PRIu32, static_cast<uint32_t>(msg.type));
+      status = enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
       break;
-    }
     default:
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unknown serial proxy request type: %" PRIu32, static_cast<uint32_t>(msg.type));
+      status = enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED;
       break;
   }
+  send_serial_proxy_ack(this, msg.instance, msg.type, status);
 }
 
 void APIConnection::on_serial_proxy_set_mode_request(const SerialProxySetModeRequest &msg) {
@@ -1633,7 +1691,11 @@ void APIConnection::on_serial_proxy_set_mode_request(const SerialProxySetModeReq
   proxies[msg.instance]->set_mode(this, msg.mode);
 }
 
-void APIConnection::send_serial_proxy_data(const SerialProxyDataReceived &msg) { this->send_message(msg); }
+void APIConnection::send_serial_proxy_data(const SerialProxyDataReceived &msg) {
+  if (!this->send_message(msg)) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Serial proxy data dropped, TCP buffer full");
+  }
+}
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_INFRARED
@@ -1750,15 +1812,17 @@ void APIConnection::complete_authentication_() {
 bool APIConnection::send_hello_response_(const HelloRequest &msg) {
   // Copy client name with truncation if needed (set_client_name handles truncation)
   this->helper_->set_client_name(msg.client_info.c_str(), msg.client_info.size());
-  this->client_api_version_major_ = msg.api_version_major;
-  this->client_api_version_minor_ = msg.api_version_minor;
+  this->client_api_version_major_ =
+      static_cast<uint8_t>(std::min<uint32_t>(msg.api_version_major, std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max()));
+  this->client_api_version_minor_ =
+      static_cast<uint8_t>(std::min<uint32_t>(msg.api_version_minor, std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max()));
   char peername[socket::SOCKADDR_STR_LEN];
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Hello from client: '%s' | %s | API Version %" PRIu16 ".%" PRIu16, this->helper_->get_client_name(),
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Hello from client: '%s' | %s | API Version %u.%u", this->helper_->get_client_name(),
            this->helper_->get_peername_to(peername), this->client_api_version_major_, this->client_api_version_minor_);
 
   HelloResponse resp;
   resp.api_version_major = 1;
-  resp.api_version_minor = 14;
+  resp.api_version_minor = 16;
   // Send only the version string - the client only logs this for debugging and doesn't use it otherwise
   resp.server_info = ESPHOME_VERSION_REF;
   resp.name = StringRef(App.get_name());
@@ -1769,7 +1833,9 @@ bool APIConnection::send_hello_response_(const HelloRequest &msg) {
     // Acknowledge the hello so the client can read the server name, then request
     // disconnect with the reason. Authentication is intentionally not completed.
     this->log_client_(ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_WARN, LOG_STR("Provisioning closed; rejecting connection"));
-    this->send_message(resp);
+    if (!this->send_message(resp)) {
+      API_LOG_MSG_DROPPED(TAG, "Hello response");
+    }
     DisconnectRequest req;
     req.reason = enums::DISCONNECT_REASON_PROVISIONING_CLOSED;
     return this->send_message(req);
@@ -1794,9 +1860,8 @@ bool APIConnection::send_device_info_response_() {
 #ifdef USE_AREAS
   resp.suggested_area = StringRef(App.get_area());
 #endif
-  // Stack buffer for MAC address (XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX\0 = 18 bytes)
-  char mac_address[18];
-  uint8_t mac[6];
+  char mac_address[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
+  uint8_t mac[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];
   get_mac_address_raw(mac);
   format_mac_addr_upper(mac, mac_address);
   resp.mac_address = StringRef(mac_address);
@@ -1872,8 +1937,7 @@ bool APIConnection::send_device_info_response_() {
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
   resp.bluetooth_proxy_feature_flags = bluetooth_proxy::global_bluetooth_proxy->get_feature_flags();
-  // Stack buffer for Bluetooth MAC address (XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX\0 = 18 bytes)
-  char bluetooth_mac[18];
+  char bluetooth_mac[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
   bluetooth_proxy::global_bluetooth_proxy->get_bluetooth_mac_address_pretty(bluetooth_mac);
   resp.bluetooth_mac_address = StringRef(bluetooth_mac);
 #endif
@@ -1892,6 +1956,7 @@ bool APIConnection::send_device_info_response_() {
     auto &info = resp.serial_proxies[serial_proxy_index++];
     info.name = StringRef(proxy->get_name());
     info.port_type = proxy->get_port_type();
+    info.configured_line_states = proxy->get_configured_modem_pins();
   }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_ZIGBEE_PROXY
@@ -1931,6 +1996,36 @@ bool APIConnection::send_device_info_response_() {
 
   return this->send_message(resp);
 }
+bool APIConnection::send_device_capabilities_response_() {
+  // These are the same values DeviceInfoResponse still reports for older clients. Keep the blocks
+  // below in sync with send_device_info_response_() until those copies are removed.
+  DeviceCapabilitiesResponse resp;
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+  resp.bluetooth_proxy.feature_flags = bluetooth_proxy::global_bluetooth_proxy->get_feature_flags();
+  char bluetooth_mac[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
+  bluetooth_proxy::global_bluetooth_proxy->get_bluetooth_mac_address_pretty(bluetooth_mac);
+  resp.bluetooth_proxy.mac_address = StringRef(bluetooth_mac);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
+  resp.voice_assistant.feature_flags = voice_assistant::global_voice_assistant->get_feature_flags();
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
+  resp.zwave_proxy.feature_flags = zwave_proxy::global_zwave_proxy->get_feature_flags();
+  resp.zwave_proxy.home_id = zwave_proxy::global_zwave_proxy->get_home_id();
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+  size_t serial_proxy_index = 0;
+  for (auto const &proxy : App.get_serial_proxies()) {
+    if (serial_proxy_index >= SERIAL_PROXY_COUNT)
+      break;
+    auto &info = resp.serial_proxies[serial_proxy_index++];
+    info.name = StringRef(proxy->get_name());
+    info.port_type = proxy->get_port_type();
+    info.configured_line_states = proxy->get_configured_modem_pins();
+  }
+#endif
+  return this->send_message(resp);
+}
 void APIConnection::on_hello_request(const HelloRequest &msg) {
   if (!this->send_hello_response_(msg)) {
     this->on_fatal_error();
@@ -1952,6 +2047,11 @@ void APIConnection::on_device_info_request() {
     this->on_fatal_error();
   }
 }
+void APIConnection::on_device_capabilities_request() {
+  if (!this->send_device_capabilities_response_()) {
+    this->on_fatal_error();
+  }
+}
 
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
 void APIConnection::on_home_assistant_state_response(const HomeAssistantStateResponse &msg) {
@@ -2030,7 +2130,9 @@ void APIConnection::send_execute_service_response(uint32_t call_id, bool success
   resp.call_id = call_id;
   resp.success = success;
   resp.error_message = error_message;
-  this->send_message(resp);
+  if (!this->send_message(resp)) {
+    API_LOG_MSG_DROPPED(TAG, "Action response");
+  }
 }
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
 void APIConnection::send_execute_service_response(uint32_t call_id, bool success, StringRef error_message,
@@ -2041,12 +2143,34 @@ void APIConnection::send_execute_service_response(uint32_t call_id, bool success
   resp.error_message = error_message;
   resp.response_data = response_data;
   resp.response_data_len = response_data_len;
-  this->send_message(resp);
+  if (!this->send_message(resp)) {
+    API_LOG_MSG_DROPPED(TAG, "Action response");
+  }
 }
 #endif  // USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
 #endif  // USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
 #endif
 
+#ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES
+bool APIConnection::send_homeassistant_action(const HomeassistantActionRequest &call) {
+  if (!this->flags_.service_call_subscription)
+    return false;
+  if (!this->send_message(call)) {
+    API_LOG_MSG_DROPPED(TAG, "Action request");
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+#endif  // USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES
+
+#ifdef USE_HOMEASSISTANT_TIME
+void APIConnection::send_time_request() {
+  GetTimeRequest req;
+  if (!this->send_message(req)) {
+    API_LOG_MSG_DROPPED(TAG, "Time request");
+  }
+}
+#endif  // USE_HOMEASSISTANT_TIME
+
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES
 void APIConnection::on_homeassistant_action_response(const HomeassistantActionResponse &msg) {
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
@@ -2074,7 +2198,7 @@ bool APIConnection::send_noise_encryption_set_key_response_(const NoiseEncryptio
   }
 #endif
 
-  psk_t psk{};
+  noise::psk_t psk{};
   if (msg.key_len == 0) {
     if (this->parent_->clear_noise_psk(true)) {
       resp.success = true;
@@ -2083,7 +2207,7 @@ bool APIConnection::send_noise_encryption_set_key_response_(const NoiseEncryptio
     }
   } else if (base64_decode(msg.key, msg.key_len, psk.data(), psk.size()) != psk.size()) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid encryption key length");
-  } else if (APINoiseContext::is_all_zeros(psk)) {
+  } else if (noise::NoiseContext::is_all_zeros(psk)) {
     // Accepting the reserved provisioning PSK would report success without
     // enabling encryption (or silently clear an existing key)
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Rejecting all-zero encryption key");
@@ -2121,11 +2245,14 @@ bool APIConnection::try_to_clear_buffer_slow_(bool log_out_of_space) {
   if (this->helper_->can_write_without_blocking())
     return true;
   if (log_out_of_space) {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Cannot send message because of TCP buffer space");
+    // VV: refusals are either reported by the sending call site (naming what
+    // was lost) or retried without loss (the deferred batch), so this generic
+    // line only duplicates them.
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Cannot send message because of TCP buffer space");
   }
   return false;
 }
-bool APIConnection::send_message_(uint32_t payload_size, uint8_t message_type, MessageEncodeFn encode_fn,
+bool APIConnection::send_message_(uint32_t payload_size, uint16_t message_type, MessageEncodeFn encode_fn,
                                   const void *msg) {
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   // Skip dump for log messages (recursive logging risk) and camera frames (high-frequency noise)
@@ -2139,10 +2266,17 @@ bool APIConnection::send_message_(uint32_t payload_size, uint8_t message_type, M
     this->log_send_message_(proto_msg->message_name(), proto_msg->dump_to(dump_buf));
   }
 #endif
+  if (!this->prepare_first_message_buffer(payload_size)) [[unlikely]] {
+    this->fatal_out_of_memory_();
+    return false;
+  }
   auto &shared_buf = this->parent_->get_shared_buffer_ref();
-  this->prepare_first_message_buffer(shared_buf, payload_size);
   size_t write_start = shared_buf.size();
-  shared_buf.resize(write_start + payload_size);
+#ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_API
+  assert(shared_buf.capacity() >= write_start + payload_size);
+#endif
+  // Capacity reserved above, cannot fail
+  (void) shared_buf.resize(write_start + payload_size);
   ProtoWriteBuffer buffer{&shared_buf, write_start};
   encode_fn(msg, buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_INIT(&shared_buf));
   return this->send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer{&shared_buf}, message_type);
@@ -2154,7 +2288,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::encode_to_buffer_slow(uint32_t calculated_size, MessageE
                                               APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
   return encode_to_buffer(calculated_size, encode_fn, msg, conn, remaining_size);
 }
-bool APIConnection::send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, uint8_t message_type) {
+bool APIConnection::send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, uint16_t message_type) {
   const bool is_log_message = (message_type == SubscribeLogsResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
 
   if (!this->try_to_clear_buffer(!is_log_message)) {
@@ -2178,30 +2312,42 @@ void APIConnection::on_no_setup_connection() {
   this->on_fatal_error();
   this->log_client_(ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG, LOG_STR("no connection setup"));
 }
+void APIConnection::fatal_out_of_memory_() {
+  this->fatal_error_with_log_(LOG_STR("Out of memory"), APIError::OUT_OF_MEMORY);
+}
 void APIConnection::on_fatal_error() {
   // Don't close socket here - keep it open so getpeername() works for logging
   // Socket will be closed when client is removed from the list in APIServer::loop()
   this->flags_.remove = true;
 }
 
-bool APIConnection::schedule_message_front_(EntityBase *entity, uint8_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size) {
+bool APIConnection::schedule_message_front_(EntityBase *entity, uint16_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size) {
   this->deferred_batch_.add_item_front(entity, message_type, estimated_size);
   return this->schedule_batch_();
 }
 
-bool APIConnection::send_message_smart_(EntityBase *entity, uint8_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size,
+bool APIConnection::send_message_smart_(EntityBase *entity, uint16_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size,
                                         uint8_t aux_data_index) {
   if (this->should_send_immediately_(message_type) && this->helper_->can_write_without_blocking()) {
-    auto &shared_buf = this->parent_->get_shared_buffer_ref();
-    this->prepare_first_message_buffer(shared_buf, estimated_size);
+    // No local for the shared buffer here: keeping it live across
+    // dispatch_message_ costs a register and spills message_type into the
+    // batching path's dedup loop (measured on x86 GCC -Os)
+    if (!this->prepare_first_message_buffer(estimated_size)) [[unlikely]] {
+      this->fatal_out_of_memory_();
+      return false;
+    }
     DeferredBatch::BatchItem item{entity, message_type, estimated_size, aux_data_index};
     if (this->dispatch_message_(item, MAX_BATCH_PACKET_SIZE, true) &&
-        this->send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer{&shared_buf}, message_type)) {
+        this->send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer{&this->parent_->get_shared_buffer_ref()}, message_type)) {
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
       this->log_batch_item_(item);
 #endif
       return true;
     }
+    // An OOM during the immediate attempt marks the connection for removal;
+    // don't queue more work (schedule_message_'s push_back may allocate again)
+    if (this->flags_.remove) [[unlikely]]
+      return false;
   }
   return this->schedule_message_(entity, message_type, estimated_size, aux_data_index);
 }
@@ -2251,7 +2397,11 @@ void APIConnection::process_batch_() {
     total_estimated_size = MAX_BATCH_PACKET_SIZE;
   }
 
-  this->prepare_first_message_buffer(shared_buf, header_padding, total_estimated_size);
+  if (!this->prepare_first_message_buffer(header_padding, total_estimated_size)) [[unlikely]] {
+    this->fatal_out_of_memory_();
+    this->clear_batch_();
+    return;
+  }
 
   // Fast path for single message - buffer already allocated above
   if (num_items == 1) {
@@ -2266,8 +2416,11 @@ void APIConnection::process_batch_() {
 #endif
       this->clear_batch_();
     } else if (payload_size == 0) {
-      // Message too large to fit in available space
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Message too large to send: type=%u", item.message_type);
+      // payload_size == 0 with remove set means encoding hit OOM and the
+      // connection is being dropped; warn only for a genuinely oversized message
+      if (!this->flags_.remove) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Message too large to send: type=%u", item.message_type);
+      }
       this->clear_batch_();
     }
     return;
@@ -2330,8 +2483,10 @@ void APIConnection::process_batch_multi_(APIBuffer &shared_buf, size_t num_items
 
   if (items_processed > 0) {
     // Add footer space for the last message (for Noise protocol MAC)
-    if (footer_size > 0) {
-      shared_buf.resize(shared_buf.size() + footer_size);
+    if (footer_size > 0 && !shared_buf.resize(shared_buf.size() + footer_size)) [[unlikely]] {
+      this->fatal_out_of_memory_();
+      this->clear_batch_();
+      return;
     }
 
     // Send all collected messages
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
index 53157166cf..cf3ebe5af5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include "esphome/components/esp8266/crash_handler.h"
 #endif
 #include "esphome/core/entity_base.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/string_ref.h"
 
 #include <functional>
@@ -40,13 +41,23 @@ namespace esphome::api {
 // Forward-declared to break the api_server.h cycle; full-type inlines are in api_connection_buffer.h.
 class APIServer;
 
+// One shared flash string for every refused-frame warning: send_message()
+// fails as soon as the TCP buffer is full, and each caller only pays for its
+// short name. The guard drops the helper and its arguments below WARN.
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_WARN
+void log_dropped_message(const char *tag, int line, const LogString *what);
+#define API_LOG_MSG_DROPPED(tag, what) esphome::api::log_dropped_message(tag, __LINE__, LOG_STR(what))
+#else
+#define API_LOG_MSG_DROPPED(tag, what)
+#endif
+
 // Keepalive timeout in milliseconds
 static constexpr uint32_t KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_MS = 60000;
-// Maximum number of entities to process in a single batch during initial state/info sending
-static constexpr size_t MAX_INITIAL_PER_BATCH = 34;
+// Deferred batch size cap during initial state/info sync
+static constexpr size_t MAX_INITIAL_BATCH_SIZE = 34;
 // Verify MAX_MESSAGES_PER_BATCH (defined in api_frame_helper.h) can hold the initial batch
-static_assert(MAX_MESSAGES_PER_BATCH >= MAX_INITIAL_PER_BATCH,
-              "MAX_MESSAGES_PER_BATCH must be >= MAX_INITIAL_PER_BATCH");
+static_assert(MAX_MESSAGES_PER_BATCH >= MAX_INITIAL_BATCH_SIZE,
+              "MAX_MESSAGES_PER_BATCH must be >= MAX_INITIAL_BATCH_SIZE");
 
 #ifdef USE_BENCHMARK
 class APIConnection;
@@ -169,12 +180,7 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
   // Returns whether this client has subscribed to Home Assistant actions; the message
   // is only handed to the send path when subscribed. A true return does not guarantee
   // delivery - it lets the caller warn when no connected client has the subscription.
-  bool send_homeassistant_action(const HomeassistantActionRequest &call) {
-    if (!this->flags_.service_call_subscription)
-      return false;
-    this->send_message(call);
-    return true;
-  }
+  bool send_homeassistant_action(const HomeassistantActionRequest &call);
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES
   void on_homeassistant_action_response(const HomeassistantActionResponse &msg);
 #endif  // USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES
@@ -183,6 +189,7 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
   void on_subscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements_request(const SubscribeBluetoothLEAdvertisementsRequest &msg);
   void on_unsubscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements_request();
 
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
   void on_bluetooth_device_request(const BluetoothDeviceRequest &msg);
   void on_bluetooth_gatt_read_request(const BluetoothGATTReadRequest &msg);
   void on_bluetooth_gatt_write_request(const BluetoothGATTWriteRequest &msg);
@@ -191,15 +198,13 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
   void on_bluetooth_gatt_get_services_request(const BluetoothGATTGetServicesRequest &msg);
   void on_bluetooth_gatt_notify_request(const BluetoothGATTNotifyRequest &msg);
   void on_subscribe_bluetooth_connections_free_request();
-  void on_bluetooth_scanner_set_mode_request(const BluetoothScannerSetModeRequest &msg);
   void on_bluetooth_set_connection_params_request(const BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest &msg);
+#endif
+  void on_bluetooth_scanner_set_mode_request(const BluetoothScannerSetModeRequest &msg);
 
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_HOMEASSISTANT_TIME
-  void send_time_request() {
-    GetTimeRequest req;
-    this->send_message(req);
-  }
+  void send_time_request();
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
@@ -271,6 +276,7 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
   void on_disconnect_request(const DisconnectRequest &msg);
   void on_ping_request();
   void on_device_info_request();
+  void on_device_capabilities_request();
   void on_list_entities_request() { this->begin_iterator_(ActiveIterator::LIST_ENTITIES); }
   void on_subscribe_states_request() {
     this->flags_.state_subscription = true;
@@ -325,8 +331,10 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
   bool is_marked_for_removal() const { return this->flags_.remove; }
   uint8_t get_log_subscription_level() const { return this->flags_.log_subscription; }
 
-  // Get client API version for feature detection
-  bool client_supports_api_version(uint16_t major, uint16_t minor) const {
+  // Get client API version for feature detection.
+  // Stored versions saturate at 255 (see send_hello_response_), so requesting
+  // a minimum above that can never match.
+  bool client_supports_api_version(uint8_t major, uint8_t minor) const {
     return this->client_api_version_major_ > major ||
            (this->client_api_version_major_ == major && this->client_api_version_minor_ >= minor);
   }
@@ -339,7 +347,9 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
   // Function pointer type for type-erased size calculation
   using CalculateSizeFn = uint32_t (*)(const void *);
 
-  template<typename T> bool send_message(const T &msg) {
+  /// Returns false as soon as the TCP buffer is full. Marked nodiscard so we
+  /// have no silent failures: every caller must handle (or log) a refusal.
+  template<typename T> [[nodiscard]] bool send_message(const T &msg) {
     if constexpr (T::ESTIMATED_SIZE == 0) {
       return this->send_message_(0, T::MESSAGE_TYPE, &encode_msg_noop, &msg);
     } else {
@@ -347,22 +357,13 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
     }
   }
 
-  void prepare_first_message_buffer(APIBuffer &shared_buf, size_t header_padding, size_t total_size) {
-    shared_buf.clear();
-    // Reserve space for header padding + message + footer
-    // - Header padding: space for protocol headers (7 bytes for Noise, 6 for Plaintext)
-    // - Footer: space for MAC (16 bytes for Noise, 0 for Plaintext)
-    // Reserve full size but only set initial size to header padding
-    // so message encoding starts at the correct position
-    shared_buf.reserve_and_resize(total_size, header_padding);
-  }
+  /// Clear the shared write buffer and reserve space for the first message.
+  /// Returns false if the allocation fails (out of memory).
+  /// Defined in api_connection_buffer.h (needs APIServer complete).
+  [[nodiscard]] bool prepare_first_message_buffer(size_t header_padding, size_t total_size);
 
   // Convenience overload - computes frame overhead internally
-  void prepare_first_message_buffer(APIBuffer &shared_buf, size_t payload_size) {
-    const uint8_t header_padding = this->helper_->frame_header_padding();
-    const uint8_t footer_size = this->helper_->frame_footer_size();
-    this->prepare_first_message_buffer(shared_buf, header_padding, payload_size + header_padding + footer_size);
-  }
+  [[nodiscard]] bool prepare_first_message_buffer(size_t payload_size);
 
   bool try_to_clear_buffer(bool log_out_of_space) {
     if (this->flags_.remove)
@@ -371,7 +372,7 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
       return true;
     return this->try_to_clear_buffer_slow_(log_out_of_space);
   }
-  bool send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, uint8_t message_type);
+  bool send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, uint16_t message_type);
 
   const char *get_name() const { return this->helper_->get_client_name(); }
   /// Get peer name (IP address) into caller-provided buffer, returns buf for convenience
@@ -390,10 +391,11 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
   bool send_disconnect_response_();
   bool send_ping_response_();
   bool send_device_info_response_();
+  bool send_device_capabilities_response_();
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
   bool send_noise_encryption_set_key_response_(const NoiseEncryptionSetKeyRequest &msg);
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
   bool send_subscribe_bluetooth_connections_free_response_();
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
@@ -419,7 +421,7 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
   }
 
   // Non-template buffer management for send_message
-  bool send_message_(uint32_t payload_size, uint8_t message_type, MessageEncodeFn encode_fn, const void *msg);
+  bool send_message_(uint32_t payload_size, uint16_t message_type, MessageEncodeFn encode_fn, const void *msg);
 
   // Core batch encoding logic. ALWAYS_INLINE so encode_fn devirtualizes at hot call sites.
   // Defined in api_connection_buffer.h (needs APIServer complete).
@@ -660,10 +662,9 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
 
     struct BatchItem {
       EntityBase *entity;                       // 4 bytes - Entity pointer
-      uint8_t message_type;                     // 1 byte - Message type for protocol and dispatch
+      uint16_t message_type;                    // 2 bytes - Message type for protocol and dispatch
       uint8_t estimated_size;                   // 1 byte - Estimated message size (max 255 bytes)
       uint8_t aux_data_index{AUX_DATA_UNUSED};  // 1 byte - For events: index into entity's event_types
-      // 1 byte padding
     };
 
     std::vector<BatchItem> items;
@@ -673,7 +674,7 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
     // connections that do, buffers are released after initial sync anyway
 
     // Add item to the batch (with deduplication)
-    void add_item(EntityBase *entity, uint8_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size,
+    void add_item(EntityBase *entity, uint16_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size,
                   uint8_t aux_data_index = AUX_DATA_UNUSED) {
       // Dedup: O(n) scan but optimized for RAM over performance
       // Skip deduplication for events - they are edge-triggered, every occurrence matters
@@ -689,7 +690,7 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
       this->items.push_back({entity, message_type, estimated_size, aux_data_index});
     }
     // Add item to the front of the batch (for high priority messages like ping)
-    void add_item_front(EntityBase *entity, uint8_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size) {
+    void add_item_front(EntityBase *entity, uint16_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size) {
       // Swap to front avoids expensive vector::insert which shifts all elements
       this->items.push_back({entity, message_type, estimated_size, AUX_DATA_UNUSED});
       if (this->items.size() > 1) {
@@ -754,13 +755,15 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
 #endif
   } flags_{};  // 2 bytes total
 
-  // 2-byte types immediately after flags_ (no padding between them)
-  uint16_t client_api_version_major_{0};
-  uint16_t client_api_version_minor_{0};
+  // 2-byte type immediately after flags_ (no padding between them)
+  uint16_t batch_message_type_{0};  // Current message type during batch encoding
   // 1-byte types to fill remaining space before next 4-byte boundary
+  // Client API versions are clamped to 255 on receive (see send_hello_response_)
+  uint8_t client_api_version_major_{0};
+  uint8_t client_api_version_minor_{0};
   ActiveIterator active_iterator_{ActiveIterator::NONE};
-  uint8_t batch_message_type_{0};  // Current message type during batch encoding
-  // Total: 2 (flags) + 2 + 2 + 1 + 1 = 8 bytes, aligned to 4-byte boundary
+  // Total: 2 (flags) + 2 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 (batch_header_size_ below) = 8 bytes,
+  // aligned to 4-byte boundary
 
   // Actual header size used by encode_to_buffer for the current message.
   // Read by process_batch_multi_ to pass into MessageInfo.
@@ -809,7 +812,7 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
   // 2. It's an EventResponse (events are edge-triggered - every occurrence matters)
   // 3. OR: User has opted into immediate sending (should_try_send_immediately = true
   //    AND batch_delay = 0)
-  inline bool should_send_immediately_(uint8_t message_type) const {
+  inline bool should_send_immediately_(uint16_t message_type) const {
     return (
 #ifdef USE_UPDATE
         message_type == UpdateStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE ||
@@ -823,11 +826,11 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
   // Helper method to send a message either immediately or via batching
   // Tries immediate send if should_send_immediately_() returns true and buffer has space
   // Falls back to batching if immediate send fails or isn't applicable
-  bool send_message_smart_(EntityBase *entity, uint8_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size,
+  bool send_message_smart_(EntityBase *entity, uint16_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size,
                            uint8_t aux_data_index = DeferredBatch::AUX_DATA_UNUSED);
 
   // Helper function to schedule a deferred message with known message type
-  bool schedule_message_(EntityBase *entity, uint8_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size,
+  bool schedule_message_(EntityBase *entity, uint16_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size,
                          uint8_t aux_data_index = DeferredBatch::AUX_DATA_UNUSED) {
     this->deferred_batch_.add_item(entity, message_type, estimated_size, aux_data_index);
     return this->schedule_batch_();
@@ -835,7 +838,7 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
 
   // Helper function to schedule a high priority message at the front of the batch
   // Out-of-line: callers (on_shutdown, check_keepalive_) are cold paths
-  bool schedule_message_front_(EntityBase *entity, uint8_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size);
+  bool schedule_message_front_(EntityBase *entity, uint16_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size);
 
   // Helper function to log client messages with name and peername
   void log_client_(int level, const LogString *message);
@@ -846,6 +849,9 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
     this->on_fatal_error();
     this->log_warning_(message, err);
   }
+  // Shared cold path for buffer allocation failures — noinline keeps the
+  // OOM handling out of the hot send paths
+  void __attribute__((noinline)) fatal_out_of_memory_();
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::api
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_connection_buffer.h b/esphome/components/api/api_connection_buffer.h
index 1dd8a162e4..08520249bf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_connection_buffer.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_connection_buffer.h
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #ifdef USE_API
 
-// Inline APIConnection methods that need APIServer complete. Include this
-// instead of api_connection.h when calling encode_to_buffer or get_batch_delay_ms_.
+// Inline APIConnection members that need APIServer complete. Include this
+// instead of api_connection.h when calling them.
 
 #include "api_connection.h"
 #include "api_server.h"
@@ -41,7 +41,10 @@ inline uint16_t ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE APIConnection::encode_to_buffer(uint32_t c
     return 0;
 
   auto &shared_buf = conn->parent_->get_shared_buffer_ref();
-  shared_buf.resize(shared_buf.size() + to_add);
+  if (!shared_buf.resize(shared_buf.size() + to_add)) [[unlikely]] {
+    conn->fatal_out_of_memory_();
+    return 0;
+  }
   ProtoWriteBuffer buffer{&shared_buf, shared_buf.size() - calculated_size};
   encode_fn(msg, buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_INIT(&shared_buf));
 
@@ -50,5 +53,22 @@ inline uint16_t ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE APIConnection::encode_to_buffer(uint32_t c
 
 inline uint32_t APIConnection::get_batch_delay_ms_() const { return this->parent_->get_batch_delay(); }
 
+inline bool APIConnection::prepare_first_message_buffer(size_t header_padding, size_t total_size) {
+  auto &shared_buf = this->parent_->get_shared_buffer_ref();
+  shared_buf.clear();
+  // Reserve space for header padding + message + footer
+  // - Header padding: space for protocol headers (7 bytes for Noise, 6 for Plaintext)
+  // - Footer: space for MAC (16 bytes for Noise, 0 for Plaintext)
+  // Reserve full size but only set initial size to header padding
+  // so message encoding starts at the correct position
+  return shared_buf.reserve_and_resize(total_size, header_padding);
+}
+
+inline bool APIConnection::prepare_first_message_buffer(size_t payload_size) {
+  const uint8_t header_padding = this->helper_->frame_header_padding();
+  const uint8_t footer_size = this->helper_->frame_footer_size();
+  return this->prepare_first_message_buffer(header_padding, payload_size + header_padding + footer_size);
+}
+
 }  // namespace esphome::api
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.cpp
index 7425304766..38da444a18 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.cpp
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ APIError APIFrameHelper::write_raw_iov_(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, uin
 
   // Queue unsent data into overflow buffer
   if (!this->overflow_buf_.enqueue_iov(iov, iovcnt, total_write_len, static_cast<uint16_t>(sent))) {
-    HELPER_LOG("Overflow buffer full, dropping connection");
+    HELPER_LOG("Overflow buffer full or out of memory, dropping connection");
     this->state_ = State::FAILED;
     return APIError::SOCKET_WRITE_FAILED;
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.h b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.h
index 9cae6ba92e..ff8aa7834c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.h
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ static constexpr uint16_t MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE = 32768;  // 32 KiB for ESP32 and oth
 static constexpr uint16_t RX_BUF_NULL_TERMINATOR = 1;
 
 // Maximum number of messages to batch in a single write operation
-// Must be >= MAX_INITIAL_PER_BATCH in api_connection.h (enforced by static_assert there)
+// Must be >= MAX_INITIAL_BATCH_SIZE in api_connection.h (enforced by static_assert there)
 static constexpr size_t MAX_MESSAGES_PER_BATCH = 34;
 
 // Max client name length (e.g., "Home Assistant 2026.1.0.dev0" = 28 chars)
@@ -49,16 +49,16 @@ struct ReadPacketBuffer {
 };
 
 // Packed message info structure to minimize memory usage
-// Note: message_type is uint8_t — all current protobuf message types fit in 8 bits.
-// The noise wire format encodes types as 16-bit, but the high byte is always 0.
-// If message types ever exceed 255, this and encrypt_noise_message_ must be updated.
+// message_type matches the wire formats: noise carries a fixed 16-bit type
+// field, plaintext a type varint. The proto codegen caps message IDs at 16383
+// so the plaintext type varint fits the 2 bytes budgeted in HEADER_PADDING.
 struct MessageInfo {
   uint16_t offset;        // Offset in buffer where message starts
   uint16_t payload_size;  // Size of the message payload
-  uint8_t message_type;   // Message type (0-255)
+  uint16_t message_type;  // Message type (0-16383)
   uint8_t header_size;    // Actual header size used (avoids recomputation in write path)
 
-  MessageInfo(uint8_t type, uint16_t off, uint16_t size, uint8_t hdr)
+  MessageInfo(uint16_t type, uint16_t off, uint16_t size, uint8_t hdr)
       : offset(off), payload_size(size), message_type(type), header_size(hdr) {}
 };
 
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ class APIFrameHelper {
   // holding data too long waiting for Nagle's timer causes buffer exhaustion
   // and dropped messages.
   //
-  // ESP32 (TCP_SND_BUF=4×MSS+) / RP2040 (8×MSS) / LibreTiny (4×MSS): 4 logs per cycle
+  // ESP32 (TCP_SND_BUF=4×MSS+) / RP2040 (4×MSS) / LibreTiny (4×MSS): 4 logs per cycle
   // ESP8266 (2×MSS): 3 logs per cycle (tightest buffers)
   //
   // Flow (ESP32/RP2040/LT): Log 1 (Nagle on) -> Log 2 -> Log 3 -> Log 4 (NODELAY, flush)
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ class APIFrameHelper {
   }
   // Write a single protobuf message - the hot path (87-100% of all writes).
   // Caller must ensure state is DATA before calling.
-  virtual APIError write_protobuf_packet(uint8_t type, ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) = 0;
+  virtual APIError write_protobuf_packet(uint16_t type, ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) = 0;
   // Write multiple protobuf messages in a single batched operation.
   // Caller must ensure state is DATA and messages is not empty.
   // messages contains (message_type, offset, length) for each message in the buffer.
@@ -187,15 +187,15 @@ class APIFrameHelper {
   // Distinguishes protocols via frame_footer_size_ (noise always has a non-zero MAC
   // footer, plaintext has footer=0). If a protocol with a plaintext footer is ever
   // added, this should become a virtual method.
-  uint8_t frame_header_size(uint16_t payload_size, uint8_t message_type) const {
+  uint8_t frame_header_size(uint16_t payload_size, uint16_t message_type) const {
 #if defined(USE_API_NOISE) && defined(USE_API_PLAINTEXT)
     return this->frame_footer_size_
                ? this->frame_header_padding_
-               : static_cast<uint8_t>(1 + ProtoSize::varint16(payload_size) + ProtoSize::varint8(message_type));
+               : static_cast<uint8_t>(1 + ProtoSize::varint16(payload_size) + ProtoSize::varint16(message_type));
 #elif defined(USE_API_NOISE)
     return this->frame_header_padding_;
 #else  // USE_API_PLAINTEXT only
-    return static_cast<uint8_t>(1 + ProtoSize::varint16(payload_size) + ProtoSize::varint8(message_type));
+    return static_cast<uint8_t>(1 + ProtoSize::varint16(payload_size) + ProtoSize::varint16(message_type));
 #endif
   }
   // Get the frame footer size required by this protocol
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ class APIFrameHelper {
   // Values 1..LOG_NAGLE_COUNT count log messages in the current Nagle batch.
   // After LOG_NAGLE_COUNT logs, we flush by re-enabling NODELAY and resetting to 0.
   // ESP8266 has the tightest TCP send buffer (2×MSS) and needs conservative batching.
-  // ESP32 (4×MSS+), RP2040 (8×MSS), and LibreTiny (4×MSS) can coalesce more.
+  // ESP32 (4×MSS+), RP2040 (4×MSS), and LibreTiny (4×MSS) can coalesce more.
 #ifdef USE_ESP8266
   static constexpr uint8_t LOG_NAGLE_COUNT = 2;
 #else
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp
index 225bac51a6..138dbdddba 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 #ifdef USE_API
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
 #include "api_connection.h"  // For ClientInfo struct
+#include "esphome/components/noise/noise.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/entity_base.h"
-#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "proto.h"
@@ -17,6 +17,14 @@
 
 namespace esphome::api {
 
+using noise::noise_err_to_logstr;
+
+// api_frame_helper.h keeps its own MAX_HANDSHAKE_SIZE because that header is
+// also compiled in plaintext-only builds without the noise component; keep
+// the two definitions from drifting apart.
+static_assert(MAX_HANDSHAKE_SIZE == noise::MAX_HANDSHAKE_SIZE,
+              "api and noise component handshake size limits must match");
+
 static const char *const TAG = "api.noise";
 #ifdef USE_ESP8266
 static constexpr char PROLOGUE_INIT[] PROGMEM = "NoiseAPIInit";
@@ -51,45 +59,6 @@ static constexpr size_t API_MAX_LOG_BYTES = 168;
 #define LOG_PACKET_RECEIVED(buffer) ((void) 0)
 #endif
 
-/// Convert a noise error code to a readable error
-const LogString *noise_err_to_logstr(int err) {
-  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_NO_MEMORY)
-    return LOG_STR("NO_MEMORY");
-  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_UNKNOWN_ID)
-    return LOG_STR("UNKNOWN_ID");
-  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_UNKNOWN_NAME)
-    return LOG_STR("UNKNOWN_NAME");
-  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_MAC_FAILURE)
-    return LOG_STR("MAC_FAILURE");
-  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_NOT_APPLICABLE)
-    return LOG_STR("NOT_APPLICABLE");
-  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_SYSTEM)
-    return LOG_STR("SYSTEM");
-  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_REMOTE_KEY_REQUIRED)
-    return LOG_STR("REMOTE_KEY_REQUIRED");
-  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_LOCAL_KEY_REQUIRED)
-    return LOG_STR("LOCAL_KEY_REQUIRED");
-  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_PSK_REQUIRED)
-    return LOG_STR("PSK_REQUIRED");
-  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_INVALID_LENGTH)
-    return LOG_STR("INVALID_LENGTH");
-  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM)
-    return LOG_STR("INVALID_PARAM");
-  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_INVALID_STATE)
-    return LOG_STR("INVALID_STATE");
-  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_INVALID_NONCE)
-    return LOG_STR("INVALID_NONCE");
-  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_INVALID_PRIVATE_KEY)
-    return LOG_STR("INVALID_PRIVATE_KEY");
-  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_INVALID_PUBLIC_KEY)
-    return LOG_STR("INVALID_PUBLIC_KEY");
-  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_INVALID_FORMAT)
-    return LOG_STR("INVALID_FORMAT");
-  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_INVALID_SIGNATURE)
-    return LOG_STR("INVALID_SIGNATURE");
-  return LOG_STR("UNKNOWN");
-}
-
 /// Initialize the frame helper, returns OK if successful.
 APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::init() {
   APIError err = init_common_();
@@ -99,7 +68,10 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::init() {
 
   // init prologue
   size_t old_size = prologue_.size();
-  prologue_.resize(old_size + PROLOGUE_INIT_LEN);
+  if (!prologue_.resize(old_size + PROLOGUE_INIT_LEN)) [[unlikely]] {
+    state_ = State::FAILED;
+    return APIError::OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+  }
 #ifdef USE_ESP8266
   memcpy_P(prologue_.data() + old_size, PROLOGUE_INIT, PROLOGUE_INIT_LEN);
 #else
@@ -194,9 +166,9 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::loop() {
  */
 APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::try_read_frame_() {
   // read header
-  if (rx_header_buf_len_ < 3) {
+  if (rx_header_buf_len_ < noise::FRAME_HEADER_SIZE) {
     // no header information yet
-    uint8_t to_read = 3 - rx_header_buf_len_;
+    uint8_t to_read = static_cast<uint8_t>(noise::FRAME_HEADER_SIZE) - rx_header_buf_len_;
     ssize_t received = this->socket_->read(&rx_header_buf_[rx_header_buf_len_], to_read);
     APIError err = handle_socket_read_result_(received);
     if (err != APIError::OK) {
@@ -208,7 +180,7 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::try_read_frame_() {
       return APIError::WOULD_BLOCK;
     }
 
-    if (rx_header_buf_[0] != 0x01) {
+    if (rx_header_buf_[0] != noise::FRAME_INDICATOR) {
       state_ = State::FAILED;
       HELPER_LOG("Bad indicator byte %u", rx_header_buf_[0]);
       return APIError::BAD_INDICATOR;
@@ -233,7 +205,10 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::try_read_frame_() {
   // During handshake, rx_buf_.size() is used in prologue construction, so
   // the buffer must be exactly msg_size to avoid prologue mismatch.)
   uint16_t alloc_size = msg_size + (is_data ? RX_BUF_NULL_TERMINATOR : 0);
-  this->rx_buf_.resize(alloc_size);
+  if (!this->rx_buf_.resize(alloc_size)) [[unlikely]] {
+    state_ = State::FAILED;
+    return APIError::OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+  }
 
   if (rx_buf_len_ < msg_size) {
     // more data to read
@@ -300,7 +275,10 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::state_action_client_hello_() {
   // Resize for: existing prologue + 2 size bytes + frame data
   size_t old_size = this->prologue_.size();
   size_t rx_size = this->rx_buf_.size();
-  this->prologue_.resize(old_size + 2 + rx_size);
+  if (!this->prologue_.resize(old_size + 2 + rx_size)) [[unlikely]] {
+    state_ = State::FAILED;
+    return APIError::OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+  }
   this->prologue_[old_size] = (uint8_t) (rx_size >> 8);
   this->prologue_[old_size + 1] = (uint8_t) rx_size;
   if (rx_size > 0) {
@@ -348,15 +326,15 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::state_action_server_hello_() {
   return APIError::OK;
 }
 APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::state_action_handshake_() {
-  int action = noise_handshakestate_get_action(this->handshake_);
-  if (action == NOISE_ACTION_READ_MESSAGE) {
+  noise::NoiseResponderHandshake::Action action = this->handshake_.action();
+  if (action == noise::NoiseResponderHandshake::Action::ACTION_READ) {
     return this->state_action_handshake_read_();
-  } else if (action == NOISE_ACTION_WRITE_MESSAGE) {
+  } else if (action == noise::NoiseResponderHandshake::Action::ACTION_WRITE) {
     return this->state_action_handshake_write_();
   }
   // bad state for action
   this->state_ = State::FAILED;
-  HELPER_LOG("Bad action for handshake: %d", action);
+  HELPER_LOG("Bad action for handshake: %d", (int) action);
   return APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_BAD_STATE;
 }
 APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::state_action_handshake_read_() {
@@ -368,20 +346,16 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::state_action_handshake_read_() {
   if (this->rx_buf_.empty()) {
     this->send_explicit_handshake_reject_(LOG_STR("Empty handshake message"));
     return APIError::BAD_HANDSHAKE_ERROR_BYTE;
-  } else if (this->rx_buf_[0] != 0x00) {
+  } else if (this->rx_buf_[0] != noise::HANDSHAKE_STATUS_OK) {
     HELPER_LOG("Bad handshake error byte: %u", this->rx_buf_[0]);
     this->send_explicit_handshake_reject_(LOG_STR("Bad handshake error byte"));
     return APIError::BAD_HANDSHAKE_ERROR_BYTE;
   }
 
-  NoiseBuffer mbuf;
-  noise_buffer_init(mbuf);
-  noise_buffer_set_input(mbuf, this->rx_buf_.data() + 1, this->rx_buf_.size() - 1);
-  int err = noise_handshakestate_read_message(this->handshake_, &mbuf, nullptr);
+  int err = this->handshake_.read_message(this->rx_buf_.data() + 1, this->rx_buf_.size() - 1);
   if (err != 0) {
     // Special handling for MAC failure
-    this->send_explicit_handshake_reject_(err == NOISE_ERROR_MAC_FAILURE ? LOG_STR("Handshake MAC failure")
-                                                                         : LOG_STR("Handshake error"));
+    this->send_explicit_handshake_reject_(noise::reject_reason_for(err));
     return this->handle_noise_error_(err, LOG_STR("noise_handshakestate_read_message"),
                                      APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_READ_FAILED);
   }
@@ -390,18 +364,16 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::state_action_handshake_read_() {
 }
 APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::state_action_handshake_write_() {
   uint8_t buffer[65];
-  NoiseBuffer mbuf;
-  noise_buffer_init(mbuf);
-  noise_buffer_set_output(mbuf, buffer + 1, sizeof(buffer) - 1);
+  size_t msg_len = 0;
 
-  int err = noise_handshakestate_write_message(this->handshake_, &mbuf, nullptr);
+  int err = this->handshake_.write_message(buffer + 1, sizeof(buffer) - 1, msg_len);
   APIError aerr = this->handle_noise_error_(err, LOG_STR("noise_handshakestate_write_message"),
                                             APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_WRITE_FAILED);
   if (aerr != APIError::OK)
     return aerr;
-  buffer[0] = 0x00;  // success
+  buffer[0] = noise::HANDSHAKE_STATUS_OK;
 
-  aerr = this->write_frame_(buffer, mbuf.size + 1);
+  aerr = this->write_frame_(buffer, msg_len + 1);
   if (aerr != APIError::OK)
     return aerr;
   return this->check_handshake_finished_();
@@ -409,33 +381,22 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::state_action_handshake_write_() {
 void APINoiseFrameHelper::send_explicit_handshake_reject_(const LogString *reason) {
   // Max reject message: "Bad handshake packet len" (24) + 1 (failure byte) = 25 bytes
   uint8_t data[32];
-  data[0] = 0x01;  // failure
-
-#ifdef USE_STORE_LOG_STR_IN_FLASH
-  // On ESP8266 with flash strings, we need to use PROGMEM-aware functions
-  size_t reason_len = strlen_P(reinterpret_cast<PGM_P>(reason));
-  reason_len = std::min(reason_len, sizeof(data) - 1);
-  if (reason_len > 0) {
-    memcpy_P(data + 1, reinterpret_cast<PGM_P>(reason), reason_len);
-  }
-#else
-  // Normal memory access
-  const char *reason_str = LOG_STR_ARG(reason);
-  size_t reason_len = strlen(reason_str);
-  reason_len = std::min(reason_len, sizeof(data) - 1);
-  if (reason_len > 0) {
-    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-not-null-terminated-result) - binary protocol, not a C string
-    std::memcpy(data + 1, reason_str, reason_len);
-  }
-#endif
-
-  size_t data_size = reason_len + 1;
+  static_assert(sizeof(data) >= noise::MAC_FAILURE_PAYLOAD_SIZE,
+                "reject buffer must fit the MAC failure wire contract");
+  size_t data_size = noise::format_reject_payload(data, sizeof(data), reason);
 
   // temporarily remove failed state
   auto orig_state = state_;
   state_ = State::EXPLICIT_REJECT;
-  write_frame_(data, data_size);
-  state_ = orig_state;
+  APIError aerr = write_frame_(data, data_size);
+  if (aerr != APIError::OK) {
+    // Best effort; the reject reason is a diagnosis aid, not a protocol step
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Sending handshake reject failed: %d", (int) aerr);
+  }
+  if (state_ == State::EXPLICIT_REJECT) {
+    // write_frame_ may have moved the state to FAILED; keep that decision
+    state_ = orig_state;
+  }
 }
 APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::read_packet(ReadPacketBuffer *buffer) {
   APIError aerr = this->check_data_state_();
@@ -490,14 +451,12 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::read_packet(ReadPacketBuffer *buffer) {
 }
 // Encrypt a single noise message in place and return the encrypted frame length.
 // Returns APIError::OK on success.
-APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::encrypt_noise_message_(uint8_t *buf_start, uint16_t payload_size, uint8_t message_type,
+APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::encrypt_noise_message_(uint8_t *buf_start, uint16_t payload_size, uint16_t message_type,
                                                      uint16_t &encrypted_len_out) {
-  // Write noise header
-  buf_start[0] = 0x01;  // indicator
-  // buf_start[1], buf_start[2] to be set after encryption
+  // The noise frame header is written after encryption, when the size is known
 
   // Write message header (to be encrypted)
-  constexpr uint8_t msg_offset = 3;
+  constexpr uint8_t msg_offset = noise::FRAME_HEADER_SIZE;
   buf_start[msg_offset] = static_cast<uint8_t>(message_type >> 8);      // type high byte
   buf_start[msg_offset + 1] = static_cast<uint8_t>(message_type);       // type low byte
   buf_start[msg_offset + 2] = static_cast<uint8_t>(payload_size >> 8);  // data_len high byte
@@ -515,26 +474,27 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::encrypt_noise_message_(uint8_t *buf_start, uint16_
   if (aerr != APIError::OK)
     return aerr;
 
-  // Fill in the encrypted size
-  buf_start[1] = static_cast<uint8_t>(mbuf.size >> 8);
-  buf_start[2] = static_cast<uint8_t>(mbuf.size);
+  // Fill in the frame header now that the encrypted size is known
+  noise::write_frame_header(buf_start, static_cast<uint16_t>(mbuf.size));
 
-  encrypted_len_out = static_cast<uint16_t>(3 + mbuf.size);  // indicator + size + encrypted data
+  encrypted_len_out = static_cast<uint16_t>(noise::FRAME_HEADER_SIZE + mbuf.size);
   return APIError::OK;
 }
 
-APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::write_protobuf_packet(uint8_t type, ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) {
+APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::write_protobuf_packet(uint16_t type, ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) {
 #ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_API
   assert(this->state_ == State::DATA);
 #endif
 
+  APIBuffer *buf = buffer.get_buffer();
   // Resize buffer to include footer space for Noise MAC
-  if (this->frame_footer_size_)
-    buffer.get_buffer()->resize(buffer.get_buffer()->size() + this->frame_footer_size_);
+  if (this->frame_footer_size_ && !buf->resize(buf->size() + this->frame_footer_size_)) [[unlikely]] {
+    state_ = State::FAILED;
+    return APIError::OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+  }
 
-  uint16_t payload_size =
-      static_cast<uint16_t>(buffer.get_buffer()->size() - HEADER_PADDING - this->frame_footer_size_);
-  uint8_t *buf_start = buffer.get_buffer()->data();
+  uint16_t payload_size = static_cast<uint16_t>(buf->size() - HEADER_PADDING - this->frame_footer_size_);
+  uint8_t *buf_start = buf->data();
   uint16_t encrypted_len;
   APIError aerr = this->encrypt_noise_message_(buf_start, payload_size, type, encrypted_len);
   if (aerr != APIError::OK)
@@ -568,21 +528,19 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::write_protobuf_messages(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, s
 }
 
 APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::write_frame_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
-  uint8_t header[3];
-  header[0] = 0x01;  // indicator
-  header[1] = (uint8_t) (len >> 8);
-  header[2] = (uint8_t) len;
+  uint8_t header[noise::FRAME_HEADER_SIZE];
+  noise::write_frame_header(header, len);
 
   if (len == 0) {
-    return this->write_raw_buf_(header, 3);
+    return this->write_raw_buf_(header, noise::FRAME_HEADER_SIZE);
   }
   struct iovec iov[2];
   iov[0].iov_base = header;
-  iov[0].iov_len = 3;
+  iov[0].iov_len = noise::FRAME_HEADER_SIZE;
   iov[1].iov_base = const_cast<uint8_t *>(data);
   iov[1].iov_len = len;
 
-  return this->write_raw_iov_(iov, 2, 3 + len);
+  return this->write_raw_iov_(iov, 2, noise::FRAME_HEADER_SIZE + len);
 }
 
 /** Initiate the data structures for the handshake.
@@ -590,42 +548,12 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::write_frame_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
  * @return 0 on success, -1 on error (check errno)
  */
 APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::init_handshake_() {
-  int err;
-  memset(&nid_, 0, sizeof(nid_));
-  // const char *proto = "Noise_NNpsk0_25519_ChaChaPoly_SHA256";
-  // err = noise_protocol_name_to_id(&nid_, proto, strlen(proto));
-  nid_.pattern_id = NOISE_PATTERN_NN;
-  nid_.cipher_id = NOISE_CIPHER_CHACHAPOLY;
-  nid_.dh_id = NOISE_DH_CURVE25519;
-  nid_.prefix_id = NOISE_PREFIX_STANDARD;
-  nid_.hybrid_id = NOISE_DH_NONE;
-  nid_.hash_id = NOISE_HASH_SHA256;
-  nid_.modifier_ids[0] = NOISE_MODIFIER_PSK0;
-
-  err = noise_handshakestate_new_by_id(&handshake_, &nid_, NOISE_ROLE_RESPONDER);
-  APIError aerr =
-      handle_noise_error_(err, LOG_STR("noise_handshakestate_new_by_id"), APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_SETUP_FAILED);
+  int err = this->handshake_.init(this->ctx_.get_psk(), prologue_.data(), prologue_.size());
+  APIError aerr = handle_noise_error_(err, LOG_STR("noise_handshake_init"), APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_SETUP_FAILED);
   if (aerr != APIError::OK)
     return aerr;
-
-  const auto &psk = this->ctx_.get_psk();
-  err = noise_handshakestate_set_pre_shared_key(handshake_, psk.data(), psk.size());
-  aerr = handle_noise_error_(err, LOG_STR("noise_handshakestate_set_pre_shared_key"),
-                             APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_SETUP_FAILED);
-  if (aerr != APIError::OK)
-    return aerr;
-
-  err = noise_handshakestate_set_prologue(handshake_, prologue_.data(), prologue_.size());
-  aerr = handle_noise_error_(err, LOG_STR("noise_handshakestate_set_prologue"), APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_SETUP_FAILED);
-  if (aerr != APIError::OK)
-    return aerr;
-  // set_prologue copies it into handshakestate, so we can get rid of it now
+  // init copies the prologue into the handshakestate, so we can get rid of it now
   prologue_.release();
-
-  err = noise_handshakestate_start(handshake_);
-  aerr = handle_noise_error_(err, LOG_STR("noise_handshakestate_start"), APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_SETUP_FAILED);
-  if (aerr != APIError::OK)
-    return aerr;
   return APIError::OK;
 }
 
@@ -634,15 +562,17 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::check_handshake_finished_() {
   assert(state_ == State::HANDSHAKE);
 #endif
 
-  int action = noise_handshakestate_get_action(handshake_);
-  if (action == NOISE_ACTION_READ_MESSAGE || action == NOISE_ACTION_WRITE_MESSAGE)
+  noise::NoiseResponderHandshake::Action action = this->handshake_.action();
+  if (action == noise::NoiseResponderHandshake::Action::ACTION_READ ||
+      action == noise::NoiseResponderHandshake::Action::ACTION_WRITE)
     return APIError::OK;
-  if (action != NOISE_ACTION_SPLIT) {
+  if (action != noise::NoiseResponderHandshake::Action::ACTION_SPLIT) {
     state_ = State::FAILED;
-    HELPER_LOG("Bad action for handshake: %d", action);
+    HELPER_LOG("Bad action for handshake: %d", (int) action);
     return APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_BAD_STATE;
   }
-  int err = noise_handshakestate_split(handshake_, &send_cipher_, &recv_cipher_);
+  // split() also frees the handshake state
+  int err = this->handshake_.split(send_cipher_, recv_cipher_);
   APIError aerr =
       handle_noise_error_(err, LOG_STR("noise_handshakestate_split"), APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_SPLIT_FAILED);
   if (aerr != APIError::OK)
@@ -651,17 +581,11 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::check_handshake_finished_() {
   this->frame_footer_size_ = noise_cipherstate_get_mac_length(send_cipher_);
 
   HELPER_LOG("Handshake complete!");
-  noise_handshakestate_free(handshake_);
-  handshake_ = nullptr;
   state_ = State::DATA;
   return APIError::OK;
 }
 
 APINoiseFrameHelper::~APINoiseFrameHelper() {
-  if (handshake_ != nullptr) {
-    noise_handshakestate_free(handshake_);
-    handshake_ = nullptr;
-  }
   if (send_cipher_ != nullptr) {
     noise_cipherstate_free(send_cipher_);
     send_cipher_ = nullptr;
@@ -672,16 +596,6 @@ APINoiseFrameHelper::~APINoiseFrameHelper() {
   }
 }
 
-extern "C" {
-// declare how noise generates random bytes (here with a good HWRNG based on the RF system)
-void noise_rand_bytes(void *output, size_t len) {
-  if (!esphome::random_bytes(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(output), len)) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Acquiring random bytes failed; rebooting");
-    arch_restart();
-  }
-}
-}
-
 }  // namespace esphome::api
 #endif  // USE_API_NOISE
 #endif  // USE_API
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.h b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.h
index b0ba9fd01c..366751738e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.h
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #ifdef USE_API
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
 #include "noise/protocol.h"
-#include "api_noise_context.h"
+#include "esphome/components/noise/noise_handshake.h"
 
 namespace esphome::api {
 
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ class APINoiseFrameHelper final : public APIFrameHelper {
   // Pos 1-2: encrypted payload size (16-bit big-endian)
   // Pos 3-6: encrypted type (16-bit) + data_len (16-bit)
   // Pos 7+: actual payload data
-  static constexpr uint8_t HEADER_PADDING = 1 + 2 + 2 + 2;  // indicator + size + type + data_len
+  static constexpr uint8_t HEADER_PADDING = noise::FRAME_HEADER_SIZE + 2 + 2;  // frame header + type + data_len
 
-  APINoiseFrameHelper(std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> socket, APINoiseContext &ctx)
+  APINoiseFrameHelper(std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> socket, noise::NoiseContext &ctx)
       : APIFrameHelper(std::move(socket)), ctx_(ctx) {
     frame_header_padding_ = HEADER_PADDING;
   }
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class APINoiseFrameHelper final : public APIFrameHelper {
 #endif
   APIError loop() override;
   APIError read_packet(ReadPacketBuffer *buffer) override;
-  APIError write_protobuf_packet(uint8_t type, ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) override;
+  APIError write_protobuf_packet(uint16_t type, ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) override;
   APIError write_protobuf_messages(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, std::span<const MessageInfo> messages) override;
 
  protected:
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class APINoiseFrameHelper final : public APIFrameHelper {
   APIError state_action_handshake_write_();
   APIError try_read_frame_();
   APIError write_frame_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
-  APIError encrypt_noise_message_(uint8_t *buf_start, uint16_t payload_size, uint8_t message_type,
+  APIError encrypt_noise_message_(uint8_t *buf_start, uint16_t payload_size, uint16_t message_type,
                                   uint16_t &encrypted_len_out);
   APIError init_handshake_();
   APIError check_handshake_finished_();
@@ -52,25 +52,22 @@ class APINoiseFrameHelper final : public APIFrameHelper {
   APIError handle_handshake_frame_error_(APIError aerr);
   APIError handle_noise_error_(int err, const LogString *func_name, APIError api_err);
 
-  // Pointers first (4 bytes each)
-  NoiseHandshakeState *handshake_{nullptr};
+  // Pointers first (4 bytes each; the handshake wrapper holds one pointer)
+  noise::NoiseResponderHandshake handshake_;
   NoiseCipherState *send_cipher_{nullptr};
   NoiseCipherState *recv_cipher_{nullptr};
 
   // Reference to noise context (4 bytes on 32-bit)
-  APINoiseContext &ctx_;
+  noise::NoiseContext &ctx_;
 
   // Buffer for noise handshake prologue (released after handshake)
   APIBuffer prologue_;
 
-  // NoiseProtocolId (size depends on implementation)
-  NoiseProtocolId nid_;
-
   // Group small types together
   // Fixed-size header buffer for noise protocol:
   // 1 byte for indicator + 2 bytes for message size (16-bit value, not varint)
   // Note: Maximum message size is UINT16_MAX (65535), with a limit of 128 bytes during handshake phase
-  uint8_t rx_header_buf_[3];
+  uint8_t rx_header_buf_[noise::FRAME_HEADER_SIZE];
   uint8_t rx_header_buf_len_ = 0;
   // 4 bytes total, no padding
 };
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.cpp
index 9359f568fb..d4e3354fa0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.cpp
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "api_pb2.h"
 #include "proto.h"
 #include <cstring>
 #include <cinttypes>
@@ -171,7 +172,10 @@ APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::try_read_frame_() {
 
   // Reserve space for body (+ null terminator so protobuf StringRef fields
   // can be safely null-terminated in-place after decode)
-  this->rx_buf_.resize(this->rx_header_parsed_len_ + RX_BUF_NULL_TERMINATOR);
+  if (!this->rx_buf_.resize(this->rx_header_parsed_len_ + RX_BUF_NULL_TERMINATOR)) [[unlikely]] {
+    state_ = State::FAILED;
+    return APIError::OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+  }
 
   if (rx_buf_len_ < rx_header_parsed_len_) {
     // more data to read
@@ -252,24 +256,21 @@ ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE static inline void encode_varint_16(uint16_t value, uint8_
   *p = static_cast<uint8_t>(value);
 }
 
-// Encode an 8-bit varint (1-2 bytes) using pre-computed length.
-ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE static inline void encode_varint_8(uint8_t value, uint8_t varint_len, uint8_t *p) {
-  if (varint_len == 2) {
-    *p++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(value | 0x80);
-    *p = static_cast<uint8_t>(value >> 7);
-  } else {
-    *p = value;
-  }
-}
+// The generator rejects message IDs above MAX_MESSAGE_TYPE, so the type varint
+// can never outgrow the 2 bytes HEADER_PADDING budgets for it. Without this
+// bound, write_plaintext_header's header_offset would underflow for the first
+// message in a batch and the header write would land outside the buffer.
+static_assert(1 + 3 + ProtoSize::varint16(MAX_MESSAGE_TYPE) <= APIPlaintextFrameHelper::HEADER_PADDING,
+              "HEADER_PADDING cannot fit the type varint of the largest message ID");
 
 // Write plaintext header into pre-allocated padding before payload.
 // padding_size: bytes reserved before payload (HEADER_PADDING for first/single msg,
 //               actual header size for contiguous batch messages).
 // Returns the total header length (indicator + varints).
 ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE static inline uint8_t write_plaintext_header(uint8_t *buf_start, uint16_t payload_size,
-                                                                   uint8_t message_type, uint8_t padding_size) {
+                                                                   uint16_t message_type, uint8_t padding_size) {
   uint8_t size_varint_len = ProtoSize::varint16(payload_size);
-  uint8_t type_varint_len = ProtoSize::varint8(message_type);
+  uint8_t type_varint_len = ProtoSize::varint16(message_type);
   uint8_t total_header_len = 1 + size_varint_len + type_varint_len;
 
   // The header is right-justified within the padding so it sits immediately before payload.
@@ -292,12 +293,12 @@ ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE static inline uint8_t write_plaintext_header(uint8_t *buf_
 
   // Encode varints directly into buffer using pre-computed lengths
   encode_varint_16(payload_size, size_varint_len, buf_start + header_offset + 1);
-  encode_varint_8(message_type, type_varint_len, buf_start + header_offset + 1 + size_varint_len);
+  encode_varint_16(message_type, type_varint_len, buf_start + header_offset + 1 + size_varint_len);
 
   return total_header_len;
 }
 
-APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::write_protobuf_packet(uint8_t type, ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) {
+APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::write_protobuf_packet(uint16_t type, ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) {
 #ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_API
   assert(this->state_ == State::DATA);
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.h b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.h
index ea3f6d7280..00e7c7b1bc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.h
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ class APIPlaintextFrameHelper final : public APIFrameHelper {
   // Plaintext header structure (worst case):
   // Pos 0: indicator (0x00)
   // Pos 1-3: payload size varint (up to 3 bytes)
-  // Pos 4-5: message type varint (up to 2 bytes)
+  // Pos 4-5: message type varint (up to 2 bytes; covers message IDs up to
+  //          16383, enforced by the proto codegen)
   // Pos 6+: actual payload data
   static constexpr uint8_t HEADER_PADDING = 1 + 3 + 2;  // indicator + size varint + type varint
 
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ class APIPlaintextFrameHelper final : public APIFrameHelper {
   APIError init() override;
   APIError loop() override;
   APIError read_packet(ReadPacketBuffer *buffer) override;
-  APIError write_protobuf_packet(uint8_t type, ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) override;
+  APIError write_protobuf_packet(uint16_t type, ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) override;
   APIError write_protobuf_messages(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, std::span<const MessageInfo> messages) override;
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
   // After try_read_frame_ returned PROTOCOL_SWITCH_TO_NOISE: copy out the
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_noise_context.h b/esphome/components/api/api_noise_context.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 44484ffa2c..0000000000
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_noise_context.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-#include <array>
-#include <cstdint>
-#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
-
-namespace esphome::api {
-
-#ifdef USE_API_NOISE
-using psk_t = std::array<uint8_t, 32>;
-
-class APINoiseContext {
- public:
-  // The all-zeros PSK is reserved: it marks the device as unprovisioned and
-  // doubles as the well-known provisioning PSK that unprovisioned devices
-  // accept for Noise handshakes (passive-sniffing protection only, no
-  // authentication). It is never a valid real key.
-  static bool is_all_zeros(const psk_t &psk) {
-    uint8_t acc = 0;
-    for (uint8_t b : psk) {
-      acc |= b;
-    }
-    return acc == 0;
-  }
-  void set_psk(psk_t psk) {
-    this->psk_ = psk;
-    this->has_psk_ = !is_all_zeros(psk);
-  }
-  const psk_t &get_psk() const { return this->psk_; }
-  bool has_psk() const { return this->has_psk_; }
-
- protected:
-  psk_t psk_{};
-  bool has_psk_{false};
-};
-#endif  // USE_API_NOISE
-
-}  // namespace esphome::api
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_options.proto b/esphome/components/api/api_options.proto
index ac9c4e59cc..66295b3d53 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_options.proto
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_options.proto
@@ -116,4 +116,10 @@ extend google.protobuf.FieldOptions {
     // the per-byte loop when the upper bits are non-zero (the common case
     // for real MAC addresses, since OUIs occupy the top 24 bits).
     optional bool mac_address = 50019 [default=false];
+
+    // track_presence: Track whether this message-typed field was present on the wire.
+    // Generates a `bool has_<field>{false};` member on the decoding side that is set
+    // to true when the field arrives, so an all-default submessage can be told apart
+    // from an absent one (e.g. a UTC ParsedTimezone, which is all zeros).
+    optional bool track_presence = 50020 [default=false];
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_overflow_buffer.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_overflow_buffer.cpp
index a57a2fb1bb..48d8fe18ba 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_overflow_buffer.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_overflow_buffer.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "api_overflow_buffer.h"
 #ifdef USE_API
 #include <cstring>
+#include <new>
 
 namespace esphome::api {
 
@@ -61,9 +62,18 @@ bool APIOverflowBuffer::enqueue_iov(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, uint16_
     return false;
 
   uint16_t buffer_size = total_len - skip;
+  // nothrow: a failed allocation returns nullptr so the connection is dropped
+  // cleanly instead of plain new's crash or abort on OOM
   // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
-  auto *entry = new Entry{new uint8_t[buffer_size], buffer_size, 0};
-  this->queue_[this->tail_] = entry;
+  auto *data = new (std::nothrow) uint8_t[buffer_size];
+  if (data == nullptr)
+    return false;
+  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
+  auto *entry = new (std::nothrow) Entry{data, buffer_size, 0};
+  if (entry == nullptr) {
+    delete[] data;
+    return false;
+  }
 
   uint16_t to_skip = skip;
   uint16_t write_pos = 0;
@@ -80,6 +90,8 @@ bool APIOverflowBuffer::enqueue_iov(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, uint16_
     }
   }
 
+  // Publish only after the copy completes so a half-built entry is never reachable
+  this->queue_[this->tail_] = entry;
   this->tail_ = (this->tail_ + 1) % API_MAX_SEND_QUEUE;
   this->count_++;
   return true;
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_overflow_buffer.h b/esphome/components/api/api_overflow_buffer.h
index 1227e83126..03a334b281 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_overflow_buffer.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_overflow_buffer.h
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ class APIOverflowBuffer {
 
   /// Enqueue unsent IOV data into the backlog.
   /// Copies iov data starting at byte offset `skip` into a new entry.
-  /// Returns false if the queue is full (caller should fail the connection).
+  /// Returns false if the queue is full or allocation fails (caller should fail the connection).
   bool enqueue_iov(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, uint16_t total_len, uint16_t skip);
 
  protected:
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp
index c824e06236..2547f67016 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp
@@ -102,12 +102,14 @@ uint8_t *SerialProxyInfo::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PAR
   uint8_t *__restrict__ pos = buffer.get_pos();
   ProtoEncode::encode_string(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 1, this->name);
   ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 2, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->port_type));
+  ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 3, this->configured_line_states);
   return pos;
 }
 uint32_t SerialProxyInfo::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
   size += this->port_type ? 2 : 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->configured_line_states);
   return size;
 }
 #endif
@@ -253,6 +255,82 @@ uint32_t DeviceInfoResponse::calculate_size() const {
 #endif
   return size;
 }
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+uint8_t *BluetoothProxyCapabilities::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const {
+  uint8_t *__restrict__ pos = buffer.get_pos();
+  ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 1, this->feature_flags);
+  ProtoEncode::encode_short_string_force(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 18, this->mac_address);
+  return pos;
+}
+uint32_t BluetoothProxyCapabilities::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->feature_flags);
+  size += 2 + this->mac_address.size();
+  return size;
+}
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
+uint8_t *VoiceAssistantCapabilities::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const {
+  uint8_t *__restrict__ pos = buffer.get_pos();
+  ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 1, this->feature_flags);
+  return pos;
+}
+uint32_t VoiceAssistantCapabilities::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->feature_flags);
+  return size;
+}
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
+uint8_t *ZWaveProxyCapabilities::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const {
+  uint8_t *__restrict__ pos = buffer.get_pos();
+  ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 1, this->feature_flags);
+  ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 2, this->home_id);
+  return pos;
+}
+uint32_t ZWaveProxyCapabilities::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->feature_flags);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->home_id);
+  return size;
+}
+#endif
+uint8_t *DeviceCapabilitiesResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const {
+  uint8_t *__restrict__ pos = buffer.get_pos();
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+  ProtoEncode::encode_optional_sub_message(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, buffer, 1, this->bluetooth_proxy);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
+  ProtoEncode::encode_optional_sub_message(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, buffer, 2, this->voice_assistant);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
+  ProtoEncode::encode_optional_sub_message(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, buffer, 3, this->zwave_proxy);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+  for (const auto &it : this->serial_proxies) {
+    ProtoEncode::encode_sub_message(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, buffer, 4, it);
+  }
+#endif
+  return pos;
+}
+uint32_t DeviceCapabilitiesResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_message(1, this->bluetooth_proxy.calculate_size());
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_message(1, this->voice_assistant.calculate_size());
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_message(1, this->zwave_proxy.calculate_size());
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+  for (const auto &it : this->serial_proxies) {
+    size += ProtoSize::calc_message_force(1, it.calculate_size());
+  }
+#endif
+  return size;
+}
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
 uint8_t *ListEntitiesBinarySensorResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const {
   uint8_t *__restrict__ pos = buffer.get_pos();
@@ -1185,12 +1263,9 @@ bool ParsedTimezone::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value
 }
 bool GetTimeResponse::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) {
   switch (field_id) {
-    case 2: {
-      this->timezone = StringRef(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(value.data()), value.size());
-      break;
-    }
     case 3:
       value.decode_to_message(this->parsed_timezone);
+      this->has_parsed_timezone = true;
       break;
     default:
       return false;
@@ -1212,12 +1287,24 @@ uint8_t *ListEntitiesServicesArgument::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENC
   uint8_t *__restrict__ pos = buffer.get_pos();
   ProtoEncode::encode_string(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 1, this->name);
   ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 2, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->type));
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA
+  ProtoEncode::encode_string(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 3, this->description);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA
+  ProtoEncode::encode_string(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 4, this->example);
+#endif
   return pos;
 }
 uint32_t ListEntitiesServicesArgument::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
   size += this->type ? 2 : 0;
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->description.size());
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->example.size());
+#endif
   return size;
 }
 uint8_t *ListEntitiesServicesResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const {
@@ -1228,6 +1315,9 @@ uint8_t *ListEntitiesServicesResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENC
     ProtoEncode::encode_sub_message(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, buffer, 3, it);
   }
   ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 4, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->supports_response));
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA
+  ProtoEncode::encode_string(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 5, this->description);
+#endif
   return pos;
 }
 uint32_t ListEntitiesServicesResponse::calculate_size() const {
@@ -1240,6 +1330,9 @@ uint32_t ListEntitiesServicesResponse::calculate_size() const {
     }
   }
   size += this->supports_response ? 2 : 0;
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->description.size());
+#endif
   return size;
 }
 bool ExecuteServiceArgument::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
@@ -2260,7 +2353,6 @@ uint8_t *ListEntitiesMediaPlayerResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_
 #endif
   ProtoEncode::encode_bool(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 6, this->disabled_by_default);
   ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 7, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
-  ProtoEncode::encode_bool(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 8, this->supports_pause);
   for (auto &it : this->supported_formats) {
     ProtoEncode::encode_sub_message(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, buffer, 9, it);
   }
@@ -2280,7 +2372,6 @@ uint32_t ListEntitiesMediaPlayerResponse::calculate_size() const {
 #endif
   size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
   size += this->entity_category ? 2 : 0;
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->supports_pause);
   if (!this->supported_formats.empty()) {
     for (const auto &it : this->supported_formats) {
       size += ProtoSize::calc_message_force(1, it.calculate_size());
@@ -2418,6 +2509,8 @@ BluetoothLERawAdvertisementsResponse::calculate_size() const {
   }
   return size;
 }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
 bool BluetoothDeviceRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 1:
@@ -2794,6 +2887,8 @@ uint32_t BluetoothDeviceClearCacheResponse::calculate_size() const {
   size += ProtoSize::calc_int32(1, this->error);
   return size;
 }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
 uint8_t *BluetoothScannerStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const {
   uint8_t *__restrict__ pos = buffer.get_pos();
   ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->state));
@@ -3877,6 +3972,18 @@ uint32_t ZWaveProxyRequest::calculate_size() const {
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->data_len);
   return size;
 }
+uint8_t *ZWaveProxyRequestResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const {
+  uint8_t *__restrict__ pos = buffer.get_pos();
+  ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->type));
+  ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 2, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->status));
+  return pos;
+}
+uint32_t ZWaveProxyRequestResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += this->type ? 2 : 0;
+  size += this->status ? 2 : 0;
+  return size;
+}
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_INFRARED
 uint8_t *ListEntitiesInfraredResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const {
@@ -4119,12 +4226,14 @@ uint8_t *SerialProxyGetModemPinsResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_
   uint8_t *__restrict__ pos = buffer.get_pos();
   ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 1, this->instance);
   ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 2, this->line_states);
+  ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 3, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->status));
   return pos;
 }
 uint32_t SerialProxyGetModemPinsResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->instance);
   size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->line_states);
+  size += this->status ? 2 : 0;
   return size;
 }
 bool SerialProxyRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
@@ -4170,7 +4279,7 @@ bool SerialProxySetModeRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_va
   return true;
 }
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
 bool BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 1:
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h
index 4101af5d96..20570a68f2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h
@@ -9,6 +9,10 @@
 
 namespace esphome::api {
 
+// Upper bound on message IDs, enforced by the code generator: the plaintext
+// frame header budgets 2 varint bytes for the type (HEADER_PADDING).
+static constexpr uint16_t MAX_MESSAGE_TYPE = 16383;
+
 namespace enums {
 
 enum DisconnectReason : uint32_t {
@@ -225,7 +229,7 @@ enum MediaPlayerFormatPurpose : uint32_t {
   MEDIA_PLAYER_FORMAT_PURPOSE_ANNOUNCEMENT = 1,
 };
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
 enum BluetoothDeviceRequestType : uint32_t {
   BLUETOOTH_DEVICE_REQUEST_TYPE_CONNECT = 0,
   BLUETOOTH_DEVICE_REQUEST_TYPE_DISCONNECT = 1,
@@ -235,6 +239,8 @@ enum BluetoothDeviceRequestType : uint32_t {
   BLUETOOTH_DEVICE_REQUEST_TYPE_CONNECT_V3_WITHOUT_CACHE = 5,
   BLUETOOTH_DEVICE_REQUEST_TYPE_CLEAR_CACHE = 6,
 };
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
 enum BluetoothScannerState : uint32_t {
   BLUETOOTH_SCANNER_STATE_IDLE = 0,
   BLUETOOTH_SCANNER_STATE_STARTING = 1,
@@ -332,6 +338,11 @@ enum ZWaveProxyRequestType : uint32_t {
   ZWAVE_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_UNSUBSCRIBE = 1,
   ZWAVE_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_HOME_ID_CHANGE = 2,
 };
+enum ZWaveProxyStatus : uint32_t {
+  ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_OK = 0,
+  ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_IN_USE = 1,
+  ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED = 2,
+};
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
 enum SerialProxyParity : uint32_t {
@@ -343,6 +354,8 @@ enum SerialProxyRequestType : uint32_t {
   SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_SUBSCRIBE = 0,
   SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_UNSUBSCRIBE = 1,
   SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_FLUSH = 2,
+  SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_CONFIGURE = 3,
+  SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_SET_MODEM_PINS = 4,
 };
 enum SerialProxyStatus : uint32_t {
   SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_OK = 0,
@@ -350,6 +363,8 @@ enum SerialProxyStatus : uint32_t {
   SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_ERROR = 2,
   SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_TIMEOUT = 3,
   SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED = 4,
+  SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_PORT_IN_USE = 5,
+  SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT = 6,
 };
 enum SerialProxyMode : uint32_t {
   SERIAL_PROXY_MODE_RAW = 0,
@@ -405,7 +420,7 @@ class CommandProtoMessage : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class HelloRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 1;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 1;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 17;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("hello_request"); }
@@ -423,7 +438,7 @@ class HelloRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class HelloResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 2;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 2;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 26;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("hello_response"); }
@@ -442,7 +457,7 @@ class HelloResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class DisconnectRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 5;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 5;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 2;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("disconnect_request"); }
@@ -459,7 +474,7 @@ class DisconnectRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class DisconnectResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 6;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 6;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 0;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("disconnect_response"); }
@@ -472,7 +487,7 @@ class DisconnectResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class PingRequest final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 7;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 7;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 0;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("ping_request"); }
@@ -485,7 +500,7 @@ class PingRequest final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class PingResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 8;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 8;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 0;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("ping_response"); }
@@ -530,6 +545,7 @@ class SerialProxyInfo final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
   StringRef name{};
   enums::SerialProxyPortType port_type{};
+  uint32_t configured_line_states{0};
   uint8_t *encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const;
   uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
@@ -541,7 +557,7 @@ class SerialProxyInfo final : public ProtoMessage {
 #endif
 class DeviceInfoResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 10;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 10;
   static constexpr uint16_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 322;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("device_info_response"); }
@@ -615,9 +631,77 @@ class DeviceInfoResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 
  protected:
 };
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+class BluetoothProxyCapabilities final : public ProtoMessage {
+ public:
+  uint32_t feature_flags{0};
+  StringRef mac_address{};
+  uint8_t *encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
+#endif
+
+ protected:
+};
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
+class VoiceAssistantCapabilities final : public ProtoMessage {
+ public:
+  uint32_t feature_flags{0};
+  uint8_t *encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
+#endif
+
+ protected:
+};
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
+class ZWaveProxyCapabilities final : public ProtoMessage {
+ public:
+  uint32_t feature_flags{0};
+  uint32_t home_id{0};
+  uint8_t *encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
+#endif
+
+ protected:
+};
+#endif
+class DeviceCapabilitiesResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
+ public:
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 150;
+  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 102;
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("device_capabilities_response"); }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+  BluetoothProxyCapabilities bluetooth_proxy{};
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
+  VoiceAssistantCapabilities voice_assistant{};
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
+  ZWaveProxyCapabilities zwave_proxy{};
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+  std::array<SerialProxyInfo, SERIAL_PROXY_COUNT> serial_proxies{};
+#endif
+  uint8_t *encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
+#endif
+
+ protected:
+};
 class ListEntitiesDoneResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 19;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 19;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 0;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_done_response"); }
@@ -631,7 +715,7 @@ class ListEntitiesDoneResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
 class ListEntitiesBinarySensorResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 12;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 12;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 51;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_binary_sensor_response"); }
@@ -648,7 +732,7 @@ class ListEntitiesBinarySensorResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class BinarySensorStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 21;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 21;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 13;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("binary_sensor_state_response"); }
@@ -667,7 +751,7 @@ class BinarySensorStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_COVER
 class ListEntitiesCoverResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 13;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 13;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 57;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_cover_response"); }
@@ -687,7 +771,7 @@ class ListEntitiesCoverResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class CoverStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 22;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 22;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 21;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("cover_state_response"); }
@@ -705,7 +789,7 @@ class CoverStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class CoverCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 30;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 30;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 25;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("cover_command_request"); }
@@ -727,7 +811,7 @@ class CoverCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_FAN
 class ListEntitiesFanResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 14;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 14;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 68;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_fan_response"); }
@@ -747,7 +831,7 @@ class ListEntitiesFanResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class FanStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 23;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 23;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 28;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("fan_state_response"); }
@@ -767,7 +851,7 @@ class FanStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class FanCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 31;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 31;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 38;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("fan_command_request"); }
@@ -795,7 +879,7 @@ class FanCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_LIGHT
 class ListEntitiesLightResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 15;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 15;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 73;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_light_response"); }
@@ -814,7 +898,7 @@ class ListEntitiesLightResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class LightStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 24;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 24;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 67;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("light_state_response"); }
@@ -841,7 +925,7 @@ class LightStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class LightCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 32;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 32;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 112;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("light_command_request"); }
@@ -885,7 +969,7 @@ class LightCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
 class ListEntitiesSensorResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 16;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 16;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 66;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_sensor_response"); }
@@ -905,7 +989,7 @@ class ListEntitiesSensorResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class SensorStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 25;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 25;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 16;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("sensor_state_response"); }
@@ -924,7 +1008,7 @@ class SensorStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_SWITCH
 class ListEntitiesSwitchResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 17;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 17;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 51;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_switch_response"); }
@@ -941,7 +1025,7 @@ class ListEntitiesSwitchResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class SwitchStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 26;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 26;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 11;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("switch_state_response"); }
@@ -957,7 +1041,7 @@ class SwitchStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class SwitchCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 33;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 33;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 11;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("switch_command_request"); }
@@ -975,7 +1059,7 @@ class SwitchCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
 class ListEntitiesTextSensorResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 18;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 18;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 49;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_text_sensor_response"); }
@@ -991,7 +1075,7 @@ class ListEntitiesTextSensorResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class TextSensorStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 27;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 27;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 20;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("text_sensor_state_response"); }
@@ -1009,7 +1093,7 @@ class TextSensorStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 #endif
 class SubscribeLogsRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 28;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 28;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 4;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("subscribe_logs_request"); }
@@ -1025,7 +1109,7 @@ class SubscribeLogsRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class SubscribeLogsResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 29;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 29;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 21;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("subscribe_logs_response"); }
@@ -1048,7 +1132,7 @@ class SubscribeLogsResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
 class NoiseEncryptionSetKeyRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 124;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 124;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 19;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("noise_encryption_set_key_request"); }
@@ -1064,7 +1148,7 @@ class NoiseEncryptionSetKeyRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class NoiseEncryptionSetKeyResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 125;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 125;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 2;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("noise_encryption_set_key_response"); }
@@ -1094,7 +1178,7 @@ class HomeassistantServiceMap final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class HomeassistantActionRequest final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 35;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 35;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 128;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("homeassistant_action_request"); }
@@ -1125,7 +1209,7 @@ class HomeassistantActionRequest final : public ProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES
 class HomeassistantActionResponse final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 130;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 130;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 34;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("homeassistant_action_response"); }
@@ -1149,7 +1233,7 @@ class HomeassistantActionResponse final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
 class SubscribeHomeAssistantStateResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 39;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 39;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 20;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("subscribe_home_assistant_state_response"); }
@@ -1167,7 +1251,7 @@ class SubscribeHomeAssistantStateResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class HomeAssistantStateResponse final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 40;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 40;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 27;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("home_assistant_state_response"); }
@@ -1185,7 +1269,7 @@ class HomeAssistantStateResponse final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 #endif
 class GetTimeRequest final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 36;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 36;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 0;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("get_time_request"); }
@@ -1227,14 +1311,14 @@ class ParsedTimezone final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class GetTimeResponse final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 37;
-  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 31;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 37;
+  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 22;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("get_time_response"); }
 #endif
   uint32_t epoch_seconds{0};
-  StringRef timezone{};
   ParsedTimezone parsed_timezone{};
+  bool has_parsed_timezone{false};
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -1248,6 +1332,12 @@ class ListEntitiesServicesArgument final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
   StringRef name{};
   enums::ServiceArgType type{};
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA
+  StringRef description{};
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA
+  StringRef example{};
+#endif
   uint8_t *encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const;
   uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
@@ -1258,8 +1348,8 @@ class ListEntitiesServicesArgument final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class ListEntitiesServicesResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 41;
-  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 50;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 41;
+  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 59;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_services_response"); }
 #endif
@@ -1267,6 +1357,9 @@ class ListEntitiesServicesResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
   uint32_t key{0};
   FixedVector<ListEntitiesServicesArgument> args{};
   enums::SupportsResponseType supports_response{};
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA
+  StringRef description{};
+#endif
   uint8_t *encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const;
   uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
@@ -1298,7 +1391,7 @@ class ExecuteServiceArgument final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class ExecuteServiceRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 42;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 42;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 45;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("execute_service_request"); }
@@ -1325,7 +1418,7 @@ class ExecuteServiceRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
 class ExecuteServiceResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 131;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 131;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 34;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("execute_service_response"); }
@@ -1349,7 +1442,7 @@ class ExecuteServiceResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_CAMERA
 class ListEntitiesCameraResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 43;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 43;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 40;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_camera_response"); }
@@ -1364,7 +1457,7 @@ class ListEntitiesCameraResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class CameraImageResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 44;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 44;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 30;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("camera_image_response"); }
@@ -1386,7 +1479,7 @@ class CameraImageResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class CameraImageRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 45;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 45;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 4;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("camera_image_request"); }
@@ -1404,7 +1497,7 @@ class CameraImageRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 #ifdef USE_CLIMATE
 class ListEntitiesClimateResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 46;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 46;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 153;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_climate_response"); }
@@ -1438,7 +1531,7 @@ class ListEntitiesClimateResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class ClimateStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 47;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 47;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 68;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("climate_state_response"); }
@@ -1466,7 +1559,7 @@ class ClimateStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class ClimateCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 48;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 48;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 84;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("climate_command_request"); }
@@ -1504,7 +1597,7 @@ class ClimateCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_WATER_HEATER
 class ListEntitiesWaterHeaterResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 132;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 132;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 65;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_water_heater_response"); }
@@ -1525,7 +1618,7 @@ class ListEntitiesWaterHeaterResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class WaterHeaterStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 133;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 133;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 35;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("water_heater_state_response"); }
@@ -1546,7 +1639,7 @@ class WaterHeaterStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class WaterHeaterCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 134;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 134;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 34;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("water_heater_command_request"); }
@@ -1569,7 +1662,7 @@ class WaterHeaterCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_NUMBER
 class ListEntitiesNumberResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 49;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 49;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 75;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_number_response"); }
@@ -1590,7 +1683,7 @@ class ListEntitiesNumberResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class NumberStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 50;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 50;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 16;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("number_state_response"); }
@@ -1607,7 +1700,7 @@ class NumberStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class NumberCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 51;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 51;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 14;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("number_command_request"); }
@@ -1625,7 +1718,7 @@ class NumberCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_SELECT
 class ListEntitiesSelectResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 52;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 52;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 58;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_select_response"); }
@@ -1641,7 +1734,7 @@ class ListEntitiesSelectResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class SelectStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 53;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 53;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 20;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("select_state_response"); }
@@ -1658,7 +1751,7 @@ class SelectStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class SelectCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 54;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 54;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 18;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("select_command_request"); }
@@ -1677,7 +1770,7 @@ class SelectCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_SIREN
 class ListEntitiesSirenResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 55;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 55;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 62;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_siren_response"); }
@@ -1695,7 +1788,7 @@ class ListEntitiesSirenResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class SirenStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 56;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 56;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 11;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("siren_state_response"); }
@@ -1711,7 +1804,7 @@ class SirenStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class SirenCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 57;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 57;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 37;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("siren_command_request"); }
@@ -1737,7 +1830,7 @@ class SirenCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_LOCK
 class ListEntitiesLockResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 58;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 58;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 55;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_lock_response"); }
@@ -1756,7 +1849,7 @@ class ListEntitiesLockResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class LockStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 59;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 59;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 11;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("lock_state_response"); }
@@ -1772,7 +1865,7 @@ class LockStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class LockCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 60;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 60;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 22;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("lock_command_request"); }
@@ -1793,7 +1886,7 @@ class LockCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_BUTTON
 class ListEntitiesButtonResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 61;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 61;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 49;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_button_response"); }
@@ -1809,7 +1902,7 @@ class ListEntitiesButtonResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class ButtonCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 62;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 62;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 9;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("button_command_request"); }
@@ -1841,12 +1934,11 @@ class MediaPlayerSupportedFormat final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class ListEntitiesMediaPlayerResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 63;
-  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 80;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 63;
+  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 78;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_media_player_response"); }
 #endif
-  bool supports_pause{false};
   std::vector<MediaPlayerSupportedFormat> supported_formats{};
   uint32_t feature_flags{0};
   uint8_t *encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const;
@@ -1859,7 +1951,7 @@ class ListEntitiesMediaPlayerResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class MediaPlayerStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 64;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 64;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 18;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("media_player_state_response"); }
@@ -1877,7 +1969,7 @@ class MediaPlayerStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class MediaPlayerCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 65;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 65;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 35;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("media_player_command_request"); }
@@ -1903,7 +1995,7 @@ class MediaPlayerCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
 class SubscribeBluetoothLEAdvertisementsRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 66;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 66;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 4;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("subscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements_request"); }
@@ -1931,7 +2023,7 @@ class BluetoothLERawAdvertisement final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class BluetoothLERawAdvertisementsResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 93;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 93;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 136;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_le_raw_advertisements_response"); }
@@ -1946,9 +2038,11 @@ class BluetoothLERawAdvertisementsResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 
  protected:
 };
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
 class BluetoothDeviceRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 68;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 68;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 12;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_device_request"); }
@@ -1966,7 +2060,7 @@ class BluetoothDeviceRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class BluetoothDeviceConnectionResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 69;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 69;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 14;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_device_connection_response"); }
@@ -1985,7 +2079,7 @@ class BluetoothDeviceConnectionResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class BluetoothGATTGetServicesRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 70;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 70;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 4;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_gatt_get_services_request"); }
@@ -2042,7 +2136,7 @@ class BluetoothGATTService final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 71;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 71;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 38;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_gatt_get_services_response"); }
@@ -2059,7 +2153,7 @@ class BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class BluetoothGATTGetServicesDoneResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 72;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 72;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 4;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_gatt_get_services_done_response"); }
@@ -2075,7 +2169,7 @@ class BluetoothGATTGetServicesDoneResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class BluetoothGATTReadRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 73;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 73;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 8;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_gatt_read_request"); }
@@ -2091,7 +2185,7 @@ class BluetoothGATTReadRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class BluetoothGATTReadResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 74;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 74;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 27;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_gatt_read_response"); }
@@ -2114,7 +2208,7 @@ class BluetoothGATTReadResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class BluetoothGATTWriteRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 75;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 75;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 29;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_gatt_write_request"); }
@@ -2134,7 +2228,7 @@ class BluetoothGATTWriteRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class BluetoothGATTReadDescriptorRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 76;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 76;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 8;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_gatt_read_descriptor_request"); }
@@ -2150,7 +2244,7 @@ class BluetoothGATTReadDescriptorRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class BluetoothGATTWriteDescriptorRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 77;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 77;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 27;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_gatt_write_descriptor_request"); }
@@ -2169,7 +2263,7 @@ class BluetoothGATTWriteDescriptorRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class BluetoothGATTNotifyRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 78;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 78;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 10;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_gatt_notify_request"); }
@@ -2186,7 +2280,7 @@ class BluetoothGATTNotifyRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class BluetoothGATTNotifyDataResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 79;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 79;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 27;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_gatt_notify_data_response"); }
@@ -2209,7 +2303,7 @@ class BluetoothGATTNotifyDataResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class BluetoothConnectionsFreeResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 81;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 81;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 20;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_connections_free_response"); }
@@ -2227,7 +2321,7 @@ class BluetoothConnectionsFreeResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class BluetoothGATTErrorResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 82;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 82;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 12;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_gatt_error_response"); }
@@ -2245,7 +2339,7 @@ class BluetoothGATTErrorResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class BluetoothGATTWriteResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 83;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 83;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 8;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_gatt_write_response"); }
@@ -2262,7 +2356,7 @@ class BluetoothGATTWriteResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class BluetoothGATTNotifyResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 84;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 84;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 8;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_gatt_notify_response"); }
@@ -2279,7 +2373,7 @@ class BluetoothGATTNotifyResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class BluetoothDevicePairingResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 85;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 85;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 10;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_device_pairing_response"); }
@@ -2297,7 +2391,7 @@ class BluetoothDevicePairingResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class BluetoothDeviceUnpairingResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 86;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 86;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 10;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_device_unpairing_response"); }
@@ -2315,7 +2409,7 @@ class BluetoothDeviceUnpairingResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class BluetoothDeviceClearCacheResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 88;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 88;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 10;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_device_clear_cache_response"); }
@@ -2331,9 +2425,11 @@ class BluetoothDeviceClearCacheResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 
  protected:
 };
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
 class BluetoothScannerStateResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 126;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 126;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 6;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_scanner_state_response"); }
@@ -2351,7 +2447,7 @@ class BluetoothScannerStateResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class BluetoothScannerSetModeRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 127;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 127;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 2;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_scanner_set_mode_request"); }
@@ -2368,7 +2464,7 @@ class BluetoothScannerSetModeRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 #ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
 class SubscribeVoiceAssistantRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 89;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 89;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 6;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("subscribe_voice_assistant_request"); }
@@ -2397,7 +2493,7 @@ class VoiceAssistantAudioSettings final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class VoiceAssistantRequest final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 90;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 90;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 41;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("voice_assistant_request"); }
@@ -2417,7 +2513,7 @@ class VoiceAssistantRequest final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class VoiceAssistantResponse final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 91;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 91;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 6;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("voice_assistant_response"); }
@@ -2444,7 +2540,7 @@ class VoiceAssistantEventData final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class VoiceAssistantEventResponse final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 92;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 92;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 36;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("voice_assistant_event_response"); }
@@ -2461,7 +2557,7 @@ class VoiceAssistantEventResponse final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class VoiceAssistantAudio final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 106;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 106;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 40;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("voice_assistant_audio"); }
@@ -2483,7 +2579,7 @@ class VoiceAssistantAudio final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class VoiceAssistantTimerEventResponse final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 115;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 115;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 30;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("voice_assistant_timer_event_response"); }
@@ -2504,7 +2600,7 @@ class VoiceAssistantTimerEventResponse final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class VoiceAssistantAnnounceRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 119;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 119;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 29;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("voice_assistant_announce_request"); }
@@ -2523,7 +2619,7 @@ class VoiceAssistantAnnounceRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class VoiceAssistantAnnounceFinished final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 120;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 120;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 2;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("voice_assistant_announce_finished"); }
@@ -2569,7 +2665,7 @@ class VoiceAssistantExternalWakeWord final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class VoiceAssistantConfigurationRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 121;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 121;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 34;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("voice_assistant_configuration_request"); }
@@ -2584,7 +2680,7 @@ class VoiceAssistantConfigurationRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class VoiceAssistantConfigurationResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 122;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 122;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 56;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("voice_assistant_configuration_response"); }
@@ -2602,7 +2698,7 @@ class VoiceAssistantConfigurationResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class VoiceAssistantSetConfiguration final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 123;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 123;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 18;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("voice_assistant_set_configuration"); }
@@ -2619,7 +2715,7 @@ class VoiceAssistantSetConfiguration final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 #ifdef USE_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL
 class ListEntitiesAlarmControlPanelResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 94;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 94;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 48;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_alarm_control_panel_response"); }
@@ -2637,7 +2733,7 @@ class ListEntitiesAlarmControlPanelResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMess
 };
 class AlarmControlPanelStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 95;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 95;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 11;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("alarm_control_panel_state_response"); }
@@ -2653,7 +2749,7 @@ class AlarmControlPanelStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class AlarmControlPanelCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 96;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 96;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 20;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("alarm_control_panel_command_request"); }
@@ -2673,7 +2769,7 @@ class AlarmControlPanelCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_TEXT
 class ListEntitiesTextResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 97;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 97;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 59;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_text_response"); }
@@ -2692,7 +2788,7 @@ class ListEntitiesTextResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class TextStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 98;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 98;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 20;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("text_state_response"); }
@@ -2709,7 +2805,7 @@ class TextStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class TextCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 99;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 99;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 18;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("text_command_request"); }
@@ -2728,7 +2824,7 @@ class TextCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATE
 class ListEntitiesDateResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 100;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 100;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 40;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_date_response"); }
@@ -2743,7 +2839,7 @@ class ListEntitiesDateResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class DateStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 101;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 101;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 23;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("date_state_response"); }
@@ -2762,7 +2858,7 @@ class DateStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class DateCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 102;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 102;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 21;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("date_command_request"); }
@@ -2782,7 +2878,7 @@ class DateCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_TIME
 class ListEntitiesTimeResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 103;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 103;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 40;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_time_response"); }
@@ -2797,7 +2893,7 @@ class ListEntitiesTimeResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class TimeStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 104;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 104;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 23;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("time_state_response"); }
@@ -2816,7 +2912,7 @@ class TimeStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class TimeCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 105;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 105;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 21;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("time_command_request"); }
@@ -2836,7 +2932,7 @@ class TimeCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_EVENT
 class ListEntitiesEventResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 107;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 107;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 67;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_event_response"); }
@@ -2853,7 +2949,7 @@ class ListEntitiesEventResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class EventResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 108;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 108;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 18;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("event_response"); }
@@ -2871,7 +2967,7 @@ class EventResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_VALVE
 class ListEntitiesValveResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 109;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 109;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 55;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_valve_response"); }
@@ -2890,7 +2986,7 @@ class ListEntitiesValveResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class ValveStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 110;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 110;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 16;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("valve_state_response"); }
@@ -2907,7 +3003,7 @@ class ValveStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class ValveCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 111;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 111;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 18;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("valve_command_request"); }
@@ -2927,7 +3023,7 @@ class ValveCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATETIME
 class ListEntitiesDateTimeResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 112;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 112;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 40;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_date_time_response"); }
@@ -2942,7 +3038,7 @@ class ListEntitiesDateTimeResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class DateTimeStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 113;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 113;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 16;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("date_time_state_response"); }
@@ -2959,7 +3055,7 @@ class DateTimeStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class DateTimeCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 114;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 114;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 14;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("date_time_command_request"); }
@@ -2977,7 +3073,7 @@ class DateTimeCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_UPDATE
 class ListEntitiesUpdateResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 116;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 116;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 49;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_update_response"); }
@@ -2993,7 +3089,7 @@ class ListEntitiesUpdateResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class UpdateStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 117;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 117;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 65;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("update_state_response"); }
@@ -3017,7 +3113,7 @@ class UpdateStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class UpdateCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 118;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 118;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 11;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("update_command_request"); }
@@ -3035,7 +3131,7 @@ class UpdateCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
 class ZWaveProxyFrame final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 128;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 128;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 19;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("z_wave_proxy_frame"); }
@@ -3053,7 +3149,7 @@ class ZWaveProxyFrame final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class ZWaveProxyRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 129;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 129;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 21;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("z_wave_proxy_request"); }
@@ -3071,11 +3167,28 @@ class ZWaveProxyRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
   bool decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) override;
   bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
+class ZWaveProxyRequestResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
+ public:
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 151;
+  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 4;
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("z_wave_proxy_request_response"); }
+#endif
+  enums::ZWaveProxyRequestType type{};
+  enums::ZWaveProxyStatus status{};
+  uint8_t *encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
+#endif
+
+ protected:
+};
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_INFRARED
 class ListEntitiesInfraredResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 135;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 135;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 48;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_infrared_response"); }
@@ -3094,7 +3207,7 @@ class ListEntitiesInfraredResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 #if defined(USE_IR_RF) || defined(USE_RADIO_FREQUENCY)
 class InfraredRFTransmitRawTimingsRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 136;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 136;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 224;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("infrared_rf_transmit_raw_timings_request"); }
@@ -3120,7 +3233,7 @@ class InfraredRFTransmitRawTimingsRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class InfraredRFReceiveEvent final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 137;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 137;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 17;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("infrared_rf_receive_event"); }
@@ -3142,7 +3255,7 @@ class InfraredRFReceiveEvent final : public ProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_RADIO_FREQUENCY
 class ListEntitiesRadioFrequencyResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 148;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 148;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 56;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_radio_frequency_response"); }
@@ -3163,7 +3276,7 @@ class ListEntitiesRadioFrequencyResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage
 #ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
 class SerialProxyConfigureRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 138;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 138;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 20;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("serial_proxy_configure_request"); }
@@ -3183,7 +3296,7 @@ class SerialProxyConfigureRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class SerialProxyDataReceived final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 139;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 139;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 23;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("serial_proxy_data_received"); }
@@ -3205,7 +3318,7 @@ class SerialProxyDataReceived final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class SerialProxyWriteRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 140;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 140;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 23;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("serial_proxy_write_request"); }
@@ -3223,7 +3336,7 @@ class SerialProxyWriteRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class SerialProxySetModemPinsRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 141;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 141;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 8;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("serial_proxy_set_modem_pins_request"); }
@@ -3239,7 +3352,7 @@ class SerialProxySetModemPinsRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class SerialProxyGetModemPinsRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 142;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 142;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 4;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("serial_proxy_get_modem_pins_request"); }
@@ -3254,13 +3367,14 @@ class SerialProxyGetModemPinsRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class SerialProxyGetModemPinsResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 143;
-  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 8;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 143;
+  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 10;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("serial_proxy_get_modem_pins_response"); }
 #endif
   uint32_t instance{0};
   uint32_t line_states{0};
+  enums::SerialProxyStatus status{};
   uint8_t *encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const;
   uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
@@ -3271,7 +3385,7 @@ class SerialProxyGetModemPinsResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class SerialProxyRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 144;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 144;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 6;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("serial_proxy_request"); }
@@ -3287,7 +3401,7 @@ class SerialProxyRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class SerialProxyRequestResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 147;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 147;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 17;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("serial_proxy_request_response"); }
@@ -3306,7 +3420,7 @@ class SerialProxyRequestResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class SerialProxySetModeRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 151;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 151;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 6;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("serial_proxy_set_mode_request"); }
@@ -3321,10 +3435,10 @@ class SerialProxySetModeRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
   bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
 class BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 145;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 145;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 20;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_set_connection_params_request"); }
@@ -3343,7 +3457,7 @@ class BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class BluetoothSetConnectionParamsResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 146;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 146;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 8;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_set_connection_params_response"); }
@@ -3362,7 +3476,7 @@ class BluetoothSetConnectionParamsResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_ZIGBEE_PROXY
 class ZigbeeProxyRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 150;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 150;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 21;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("zigbee_proxy_request"); }
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp
index a799fa2fad..840ac6939c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp
@@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::MediaPlayerFormatPurpose>(enu
   }
 }
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
 template<>
 const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::BluetoothDeviceRequestType>(enums::BluetoothDeviceRequestType value) {
   switch (value) {
@@ -606,6 +606,8 @@ const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::BluetoothDeviceRequestType>(enums::Bluet
       return ESPHOME_PSTR("UNKNOWN");
   }
 }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
 template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::BluetoothScannerState>(enums::BluetoothScannerState value) {
   switch (value) {
     case enums::BLUETOOTH_SCANNER_STATE_IDLE:
@@ -814,6 +816,18 @@ template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::ZWaveProxyRequestType>(enums:
       return ESPHOME_PSTR("UNKNOWN");
   }
 }
+template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::ZWaveProxyStatus>(enums::ZWaveProxyStatus value) {
+  switch (value) {
+    case enums::ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_OK:
+      return ESPHOME_PSTR("ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_OK");
+    case enums::ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_IN_USE:
+      return ESPHOME_PSTR("ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_IN_USE");
+    case enums::ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED:
+      return ESPHOME_PSTR("ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED");
+    default:
+      return ESPHOME_PSTR("UNKNOWN");
+  }
+}
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
 template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::SerialProxyParity>(enums::SerialProxyParity value) {
@@ -836,6 +850,10 @@ template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::SerialProxyRequestType>(enums
       return ESPHOME_PSTR("SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_UNSUBSCRIBE");
     case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_FLUSH:
       return ESPHOME_PSTR("SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_FLUSH");
+    case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_CONFIGURE:
+      return ESPHOME_PSTR("SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_CONFIGURE");
+    case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_SET_MODEM_PINS:
+      return ESPHOME_PSTR("SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_SET_MODEM_PINS");
     default:
       return ESPHOME_PSTR("UNKNOWN");
   }
@@ -852,6 +870,10 @@ template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::SerialProxyStatus>(enums::Ser
       return ESPHOME_PSTR("SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_TIMEOUT");
     case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED:
       return ESPHOME_PSTR("SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED");
+    case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_PORT_IN_USE:
+      return ESPHOME_PSTR("SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_PORT_IN_USE");
+    case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT:
+      return ESPHOME_PSTR("SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT");
     default:
       return ESPHOME_PSTR("UNKNOWN");
   }
@@ -932,6 +954,7 @@ const char *SerialProxyInfo::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("SerialProxyInfo"));
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("name"), this->name);
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("port_type"), static_cast<enums::SerialProxyPortType>(this->port_type));
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("configured_line_states"), this->configured_line_states);
   return out.c_str();
 }
 #endif
@@ -1014,6 +1037,55 @@ const char *DeviceInfoResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
 #endif
   return out.c_str();
 }
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+const char *BluetoothProxyCapabilities::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
+  MessageDumpHelper helper(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("BluetoothProxyCapabilities"));
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("feature_flags"), this->feature_flags);
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("mac_address"), this->mac_address);
+  return out.c_str();
+}
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
+const char *VoiceAssistantCapabilities::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
+  MessageDumpHelper helper(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("VoiceAssistantCapabilities"));
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("feature_flags"), this->feature_flags);
+  return out.c_str();
+}
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
+const char *ZWaveProxyCapabilities::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
+  MessageDumpHelper helper(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("ZWaveProxyCapabilities"));
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("feature_flags"), this->feature_flags);
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("home_id"), this->home_id);
+  return out.c_str();
+}
+#endif
+const char *DeviceCapabilitiesResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
+  MessageDumpHelper helper(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("DeviceCapabilitiesResponse"));
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+  out.append(2, ' ').append_p(ESPHOME_PSTR("bluetooth_proxy")).append(": ");
+  this->bluetooth_proxy.dump_to(out);
+  out.append("\n");
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
+  out.append(2, ' ').append_p(ESPHOME_PSTR("voice_assistant")).append(": ");
+  this->voice_assistant.dump_to(out);
+  out.append("\n");
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
+  out.append(2, ' ').append_p(ESPHOME_PSTR("zwave_proxy")).append(": ");
+  this->zwave_proxy.dump_to(out);
+  out.append("\n");
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+  for (const auto &it : this->serial_proxies) {
+    out.append(4, ' ').append_p(ESPHOME_PSTR("serial_proxies")).append(": ");
+    it.dump_to(out);
+    out.append("\n");
+  }
+#endif
+  return out.c_str();
+}
 const char *ListEntitiesDoneResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
   out.append_p(ESPHOME_PSTR("ListEntitiesDoneResponse {}"));
   return out.c_str();
@@ -1443,7 +1515,7 @@ const char *ParsedTimezone::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
 const char *GetTimeResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("GetTimeResponse"));
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("epoch_seconds"), this->epoch_seconds);
-  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("timezone"), this->timezone);
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("has_parsed_timezone"), this->has_parsed_timezone);
   out.append(2, ' ').append_p(ESPHOME_PSTR("parsed_timezone")).append(": ");
   this->parsed_timezone.dump_to(out);
   out.append("\n");
@@ -1454,6 +1526,12 @@ const char *ListEntitiesServicesArgument::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("ListEntitiesServicesArgument"));
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("name"), this->name);
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("type"), static_cast<enums::ServiceArgType>(this->type));
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("description"), this->description);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("example"), this->example);
+#endif
   return out.c_str();
 }
 const char *ListEntitiesServicesResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
@@ -1466,6 +1544,9 @@ const char *ListEntitiesServicesResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
     out.append("\n");
   }
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("supports_response"), static_cast<enums::SupportsResponseType>(this->supports_response));
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("description"), this->description);
+#endif
   return out.c_str();
 }
 const char *ExecuteServiceArgument::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
@@ -1916,7 +1997,6 @@ const char *ListEntitiesMediaPlayerResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
 #endif
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("disabled_by_default"), this->disabled_by_default);
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("entity_category"), static_cast<enums::EntityCategory>(this->entity_category));
-  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("supports_pause"), this->supports_pause);
   for (const auto &it : this->supported_formats) {
     out.append(4, ' ').append_p(ESPHOME_PSTR("supported_formats")).append(": ");
     it.dump_to(out);
@@ -1979,6 +2059,8 @@ const char *BluetoothLERawAdvertisementsResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const
   }
   return out.c_str();
 }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
 const char *BluetoothDeviceRequest::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("BluetoothDeviceRequest"));
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("address"), this->address);
@@ -2150,6 +2232,8 @@ const char *BluetoothDeviceClearCacheResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("error"), this->error);
   return out.c_str();
 }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
 const char *BluetoothScannerStateResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("BluetoothScannerStateResponse"));
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("state"), static_cast<enums::BluetoothScannerState>(this->state));
@@ -2615,6 +2699,12 @@ const char *ZWaveProxyRequest::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
   dump_bytes_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("data"), this->data, this->data_len);
   return out.c_str();
 }
+const char *ZWaveProxyRequestResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
+  MessageDumpHelper helper(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("ZWaveProxyRequestResponse"));
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("type"), static_cast<enums::ZWaveProxyRequestType>(this->type));
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("status"), static_cast<enums::ZWaveProxyStatus>(this->status));
+  return out.c_str();
+}
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_INFRARED
 const char *ListEntitiesInfraredResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
@@ -2724,6 +2814,7 @@ const char *SerialProxyGetModemPinsResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("SerialProxyGetModemPinsResponse"));
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("instance"), this->instance);
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("line_states"), this->line_states);
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("status"), static_cast<enums::SerialProxyStatus>(this->status));
   return out.c_str();
 }
 const char *SerialProxyRequest::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
@@ -2747,7 +2838,7 @@ const char *SerialProxySetModeRequest::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
   return out.c_str();
 }
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
 const char *BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest"));
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("address"), this->address);
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.cpp
index 127b20b45d..1b6ed7e228 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.cpp
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ void APIConnection::read_message_(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const ui
       break;
     }
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
     case BluetoothDeviceRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
       BluetoothDeviceRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ void APIConnection::read_message_(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const ui
       break;
     }
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
     case BluetoothGATTGetServicesRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
       BluetoothGATTGetServicesRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ void APIConnection::read_message_(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const ui
       break;
     }
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
     case BluetoothGATTReadRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
       BluetoothGATTReadRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ void APIConnection::read_message_(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const ui
       break;
     }
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
     case BluetoothGATTWriteRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
       BluetoothGATTWriteRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ void APIConnection::read_message_(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const ui
       break;
     }
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
     case BluetoothGATTReadDescriptorRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
       BluetoothGATTReadDescriptorRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ void APIConnection::read_message_(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const ui
       break;
     }
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
     case BluetoothGATTWriteDescriptorRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
       BluetoothGATTWriteDescriptorRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ void APIConnection::read_message_(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const ui
       break;
     }
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
     case BluetoothGATTNotifyRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
       BluetoothGATTNotifyRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ void APIConnection::read_message_(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const ui
       break;
     }
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
     case 80 /* SubscribeBluetoothConnectionsFreeRequest is empty */: {
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
       this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_subscribe_bluetooth_connections_free_request"));
@@ -694,7 +694,7 @@ void APIConnection::read_message_(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const ui
       break;
     }
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
     case BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
       BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
@@ -705,6 +705,13 @@ void APIConnection::read_message_(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const ui
       break;
     }
 #endif
+    case 149 /* DeviceCapabilitiesRequest is empty */: {
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_device_capabilities_request"));
+#endif
+      this->on_device_capabilities_request();
+      break;
+    }
 #ifdef USE_ZIGBEE_PROXY
     case ZigbeeProxyRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
       ZigbeeProxyRequest msg;
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.h b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.h
index 712799d7bd..f7476b12e1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.h
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ class APIServerConnectionBase {
   void on_ping_response(){};
   void on_device_info_request(){};
 
+  void on_device_capabilities_request(){};
+
   void on_list_entities_request(){};
 
   void on_subscribe_states_request(){};
@@ -113,32 +115,32 @@ class APIServerConnectionBase {
   void on_subscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements_request(const SubscribeBluetoothLEAdvertisementsRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
   void on_bluetooth_device_request(const BluetoothDeviceRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
   void on_bluetooth_gatt_get_services_request(const BluetoothGATTGetServicesRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
   void on_bluetooth_gatt_read_request(const BluetoothGATTReadRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
   void on_bluetooth_gatt_write_request(const BluetoothGATTWriteRequest &value){};
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
   void on_bluetooth_gatt_read_descriptor_request(const BluetoothGATTReadDescriptorRequest &value){};
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
   void on_bluetooth_gatt_write_descriptor_request(const BluetoothGATTWriteDescriptorRequest &value){};
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
   void on_bluetooth_gatt_notify_request(const BluetoothGATTNotifyRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
   void on_subscribe_bluetooth_connections_free_request(){};
 #endif
 
@@ -236,7 +238,7 @@ class APIServerConnectionBase {
 #ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
   void on_serial_proxy_set_mode_request(const SerialProxySetModeRequest &value){};
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
   void on_bluetooth_set_connection_params_request(const BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp
index 0ad28ca1d1..668af2f355 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp
@@ -123,7 +123,9 @@ void APIServer::setup() {
         // Best-effort: if the send buffer is full the reason is dropped, but the
         // client still learns the window is closed when it reconnects (rejected at
         // hello) or via the socket close.
-        c->send_message(req);
+        if (!c->send_message(req)) {
+          API_LOG_MSG_DROPPED(TAG, "Disconnect request");
+        }
       }
     });
   }
@@ -394,8 +396,11 @@ void APIServer::on_update(update::UpdateEntity *obj) {
 void APIServer::on_zwave_proxy_request(const ZWaveProxyRequest &msg) {
   // We could add code to manage a second subscription type, but, since this message type is
   //  very infrequent and small, we simply send it to all clients
-  for (auto &c : this->active_clients())
-    c->send_message(msg);
+  for (auto &c : this->active_clients()) {
+    if (!c->send_message(msg)) {
+      API_LOG_MSG_DROPPED(TAG, "Home ID notification");
+    }
+  }
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -426,12 +431,6 @@ void APIServer::send_infrared_rf_receive_event([[maybe_unused]] uint32_t device_
 API_DISPATCH_UPDATE(alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlPanel, alarm_control_panel)
 #endif
 
-float APIServer::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::AFTER_WIFI; }
-
-void APIServer::set_port(uint16_t port) { this->port_ = port; }
-
-void APIServer::set_batch_delay(uint16_t batch_delay) { this->batch_delay_ = batch_delay; }
-
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES
 void APIServer::send_homeassistant_action(const HomeassistantActionRequest &call) {
   bool has_subscriber = false;
@@ -442,8 +441,10 @@ void APIServer::send_homeassistant_action(const HomeassistantActionRequest &call
     // Home Assistant subscribes to actions shortly *after* authenticating, so actions
     // fired right at connection time (on_client_connected, on_time_sync, ...) can
     // arrive before the subscription and are lost - warn instead of failing silently.
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Home Assistant %s '%s' dropped; %s", call.is_event ? "event" : "action", call.service.c_str(),
-             this->is_connected() ? "client has not subscribed to actions (yet)" : "no client connected");
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Home Assistant %s '%s' dropped; %s",
+             call.is_event ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("event") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("action"), call.service.c_str(),
+             this->is_connected() ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("client has not subscribed to actions (yet)")
+                                  : LOG_STR_LITERAL("no client connected"));
   }
 }
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES
@@ -556,10 +557,6 @@ const std::vector<APIServer::HomeAssistantStateSubscription> &APIServer::get_sta
 }
 #endif
 
-uint16_t APIServer::get_port() const { return this->port_; }
-
-void APIServer::set_reboot_timeout(uint32_t reboot_timeout) { this->reboot_timeout_ = reboot_timeout; }
-
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
 bool APIServer::update_noise_psk_(const SavedNoisePsk &new_psk, const LogString *save_log_msg,
                                   const LogString *fail_log_msg, bool make_active) {
@@ -584,7 +581,9 @@ bool APIServer::update_noise_psk_(const SavedNoisePsk &new_psk, const LogString
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Disconnecting all clients to reset PSK");
       for (auto &c : this->active_clients()) {
         DisconnectRequest req;
-        c->send_message(req);
+        if (!c->send_message(req)) {
+          API_LOG_MSG_DROPPED(TAG, "Disconnect request");
+        }
       }
     });
   }
@@ -599,7 +598,7 @@ bool APIServer::load_and_apply_noise_psk_() {
   return true;
 }
 
-bool APIServer::save_noise_psk(psk_t psk, bool make_active) {
+bool APIServer::save_noise_psk(noise::psk_t psk, bool make_active) {
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE_PSK_FROM_YAML
   // When PSK is set from YAML, this function should never be called
   // but if it is, reject the change
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_server.h b/esphome/components/api/api_server.h
index 7b2270c21c..77bbf09ee0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_server.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_server.h
@@ -5,7 +5,10 @@
 #include "api_buffer.h"
 // Must precede clients_ so APIConnection is complete for default_delete (libc++).
 #include "api_connection.h"
-#include "api_noise_context.h"
+#ifdef USE_API_NOISE
+// Only present in the build when the noise component is loaded
+#include "esphome/components/noise/noise.h"
+#endif
 #include "api_pb2.h"
 #include "api_pb2_service.h"
 #include "esphome/components/socket/socket.h"
@@ -37,7 +40,7 @@ class UserServiceDescriptor;
 
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
 struct SavedNoisePsk {
-  psk_t psk;
+  noise::psk_t psk;
 } PACKED;  // NOLINT
 #endif
 
@@ -51,8 +54,8 @@ class APIServer final : public Component,
  public:
   APIServer();
   void setup() override;
-  uint16_t get_port() const;
-  float get_setup_priority() const override;
+  uint16_t get_port() const { return this->port_; }
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::AFTER_WIFI; }
   void loop() override;
   void dump_config() override;
   void on_shutdown() override;
@@ -63,9 +66,9 @@ class APIServer final : public Component,
 #ifdef USE_CAMERA
   void on_camera_image(const std::shared_ptr<camera::CameraImage> &image) override;
 #endif
-  void set_port(uint16_t port);
-  void set_reboot_timeout(uint32_t reboot_timeout);
-  void set_batch_delay(uint16_t batch_delay);
+  void set_port(uint16_t port) { this->port_ = port; }
+  void set_reboot_timeout(uint32_t reboot_timeout) { this->reboot_timeout_ = reboot_timeout; }
+  void set_batch_delay(uint16_t batch_delay) { this->batch_delay_ = batch_delay; }
   uint16_t get_batch_delay() const { return batch_delay_; }
   void set_listen_backlog(uint8_t listen_backlog) { this->listen_backlog_ = listen_backlog; }
 
@@ -73,10 +76,10 @@ class APIServer final : public Component,
   APIBuffer &get_shared_buffer_ref() { return shared_write_buffer_; }
 
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
-  bool save_noise_psk(psk_t psk, bool make_active = true);
+  bool save_noise_psk(noise::psk_t psk, bool make_active = true);
   bool clear_noise_psk(bool make_active = true);
-  void set_noise_psk(psk_t psk) { this->noise_ctx_.set_psk(psk); }
-  APINoiseContext &get_noise_ctx() { return this->noise_ctx_; }
+  void set_noise_psk(noise::psk_t psk) { this->noise_ctx_.set_psk(psk); }
+  noise::NoiseContext &get_noise_ctx() { return this->noise_ctx_; }
 #endif  // USE_API_NOISE
 
   void handle_disconnect(APIConnection *conn);
@@ -357,7 +360,7 @@ class APIServer final : public Component,
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
-  APINoiseContext noise_ctx_;
+  noise::NoiseContext noise_ctx_;
   ESPPreferenceObject noise_pref_;
 #endif  // USE_API_NOISE
 };
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/list_entities.cpp b/esphome/components/api/list_entities.cpp
index f9e645b506..507b098fb4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/list_entities.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/list_entities.cpp
@@ -95,9 +95,18 @@ bool ListEntitiesIterator::on_end() { return this->client_->send_list_info_done(
 ListEntitiesIterator::ListEntitiesIterator(APIConnection *client) : client_(client) {}
 
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
+// Yield after every Nth service; bounds direct (non-batched) writes per loop pass
+static constexpr uint8_t SERVICE_YIELD_INTERVAL = 3;
+
 bool ListEntitiesIterator::on_service(UserServiceDescriptor *service) {
-  auto resp = service->encode_list_service_response();
-  return this->client_->send_message(resp);
+  UserActionScratch scratch;
+  auto resp = service->encode_list_service_response(scratch);
+  if (!this->client_->send_message(resp))
+    return false;
+  // at_ is this service's index
+  if ((this->at_ + 1) % SERVICE_YIELD_INTERVAL == 0)
+    this->yield_after_step_();
+  return true;
 }
 #endif
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/proto.h b/esphome/components/api/proto.h
index f058f6af22..a226e080e8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/proto.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/proto.h
@@ -684,11 +684,6 @@ class ProtoSize {
     return value < VARINT_THRESHOLD_1_BYTE ? 1 : (value < VARINT_THRESHOLD_2_BYTE ? 2 : 3);
   }
 
-  // Varint encoded length for an 8-bit value (1 or 2 bytes).
-  static constexpr inline uint8_t ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE varint8(uint8_t value) {
-    return value < VARINT_THRESHOLD_1_BYTE ? 1 : 2;
-  }
-
   /**
    * @brief Calculates the size in bytes needed to encode a uint32_t value as a varint
    *
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/user_services.cpp b/esphome/components/api/user_services.cpp
index 28a43c656c..fad3cde29b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/user_services.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/user_services.cpp
@@ -1,9 +1,52 @@
 #include "user_services.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/string_ref.h"
 
 namespace esphome::api {
 
+StringRef UserServiceStatic::str_(size_t idx, std::span<char> &scratch) const {
+  const char *s = progmem_read_ptr(&this->strings_[idx]);
+  if (s == nullptr)
+    return {};
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+  // Codegen sizes the scratch buffer for the largest service; the bound only guards other callers
+  if (scratch.empty())
+    return {};
+  size_t len = strnlen_P(s, scratch.size() - 1);
+  progmem_memcpy(scratch.data(), s, len);
+  scratch[len] = '\0';
+  StringRef ref(scratch.data(), len);
+  scratch = scratch.subspan(len + 1);
+  return ref;
+#else
+  return StringRef(s);
+#endif
+}
+
+ListEntitiesServicesResponse UserServiceStatic::encode_list_service_response_(
+    std::span<const enums::ServiceArgType> arg_types, std::span<char> scratch) const {
+  ListEntitiesServicesResponse msg;
+  msg.name = this->str_(0, scratch);
+  msg.key = this->key_;
+  msg.supports_response = this->supports_response_;
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA
+  msg.description = this->str_(1, scratch);
+#endif
+  msg.args.init(arg_types.size());
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < arg_types.size(); i++) {
+    size_t base = USER_ACTION_HEADER_STRINGS + i * USER_ACTION_ARG_STRINGS;
+    auto &arg = msg.args.emplace_back();
+    arg.type = arg_types[i];
+    arg.name = this->str_(base, scratch);
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA
+    arg.description = this->str_(base + 1, scratch);
+    arg.example = this->str_(base + 2, scratch);
+#endif
+  }
+  return msg;
+}
+
 template<> bool get_execute_arg_value<bool>(const ExecuteServiceArgument &arg) { return arg.bool_; }
 template<> int32_t get_execute_arg_value<int32_t>(const ExecuteServiceArgument &arg) {
   if (arg.legacy_int != 0)
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/user_services.h b/esphome/components/api/user_services.h
index ea57d0944b..3b17bdb7bc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/user_services.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/user_services.h
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <span>
 #include <tuple>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
@@ -19,7 +20,9 @@ class APIServer;
 
 class UserServiceDescriptor {
  public:
-  virtual ListEntitiesServicesResponse encode_list_service_response() = 0;
+  /// Build the list-entities message. On ESP8266 the strings live in PROGMEM and are copied into
+  /// `scratch`, so the returned message is only valid while `scratch` is; other platforms ignore it.
+  virtual ListEntitiesServicesResponse encode_list_service_response(std::span<char> scratch) = 0;
 
   virtual bool execute_service(const ExecuteServiceRequest &req) = 0;
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
@@ -34,29 +37,51 @@ template<typename T> T get_execute_arg_value(const ExecuteServiceArgument &arg);
 
 template<typename T> enums::ServiceArgType to_service_arg_type();
 
-// Base class for YAML-defined services (most common case)
-// Stores only pointers to string literals in flash - no heap allocation
-template<typename... Ts> class UserServiceBase : public UserServiceDescriptor {
- public:
-  UserServiceBase(const char *name, const std::array<const char *, sizeof...(Ts)> &arg_names,
-                  enums::SupportsResponseType supports_response = enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_NONE)
-      : name_(name), arg_names_(arg_names), supports_response_(supports_response) {
-    this->key_ = fnv1_hash(name);
-  }
+// Scratch buffer list-entities hands to encode_list_service_response(); only ESP8266 copies into it
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+using UserActionScratch = std::array<char, API_USER_ACTION_STRINGS_SCRATCH_SIZE>;
+#else
+using UserActionScratch = std::array<char, 0>;
+#endif
 
-  ListEntitiesServicesResponse encode_list_service_response() override {
-    ListEntitiesServicesResponse msg;
-    msg.name = StringRef(this->name_);
-    msg.key = this->key_;
-    msg.supports_response = this->supports_response_;
+// Non-template base for YAML-defined services so the list-entities encoder is compiled once.
+// All strings live in one PROGMEM pointer table emitted by codegen (see _action_strings in
+// __init__.py), so each service costs a single pointer of RAM. Layout: the action name, then
+// each argument name; with USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA the action description follows
+// the name and every argument is (name, description, example). Unset metadata is nullptr.
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA
+static constexpr size_t USER_ACTION_HEADER_STRINGS = 2;
+static constexpr size_t USER_ACTION_ARG_STRINGS = 3;
+#else
+static constexpr size_t USER_ACTION_HEADER_STRINGS = 1;
+static constexpr size_t USER_ACTION_ARG_STRINGS = 1;
+#endif
+class UserServiceStatic : public UserServiceDescriptor {
+ public:
+  UserServiceStatic(const char *const *strings, uint32_t key,
+                    enums::SupportsResponseType supports_response = enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_NONE)
+      : strings_(strings), key_(key), supports_response_(supports_response) {}
+
+ protected:
+  ListEntitiesServicesResponse encode_list_service_response_(std::span<const enums::ServiceArgType> arg_types,
+                                                             std::span<char> scratch) const;
+  /// Reference table entry `idx`; nullptr gives an empty StringRef.
+  /// On ESP8266 the bytes are copied out of PROGMEM into `scratch` with a terminator, and the span
+  /// is advanced past the copy.
+  StringRef str_(size_t idx, std::span<char> &scratch) const;
+
+  const char *const *strings_;  // PROGMEM pointer table, read with progmem_read_ptr()
+  uint32_t key_;
+  enums::SupportsResponseType supports_response_;
+};
+
+template<typename... Ts> class UserServiceBase : public UserServiceStatic {
+ public:
+  using UserServiceStatic::UserServiceStatic;
+
+  ListEntitiesServicesResponse encode_list_service_response(std::span<char> scratch) override {
     std::array<enums::ServiceArgType, sizeof...(Ts)> arg_types = {to_service_arg_type<Ts>()...};
-    msg.args.init(sizeof...(Ts));
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof...(Ts); i++) {
-      auto &arg = msg.args.emplace_back();
-      arg.type = arg_types[i];
-      arg.name = StringRef(this->arg_names_[i]);
-    }
-    return msg;
+    return this->encode_list_service_response_(arg_types, scratch);
   }
 
   bool execute_service(const ExecuteServiceRequest &req) override {
@@ -89,12 +114,6 @@ template<typename... Ts> class UserServiceBase : public UserServiceDescriptor {
   void execute_(const ArgsContainer &args, uint32_t call_id, bool return_response, std::index_sequence<S...> /*type*/) {
     this->execute(call_id, return_response, (get_execute_arg_value<Ts>(args[S]))...);
   }
-
-  // Pointers to string literals in flash - no heap allocation
-  const char *name_;
-  std::array<const char *, sizeof...(Ts)> arg_names_;
-  uint32_t key_{0};
-  enums::SupportsResponseType supports_response_{enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_NONE};
 };
 
 // Separate class for custom_api_device services (rare case)
@@ -106,7 +125,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class UserServiceDynamic : public UserServiceDescriptor
     this->key_ = fnv1_hash(this->name_.c_str());
   }
 
-  ListEntitiesServicesResponse encode_list_service_response() override {
+  ListEntitiesServicesResponse encode_list_service_response(std::span<char> /*scratch*/) override {
     ListEntitiesServicesResponse msg;
     msg.name = StringRef(this->name_);
     msg.key = this->key_;
@@ -167,8 +186,8 @@ template<typename... Ts>
 class UserServiceTrigger<enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_NONE, Ts...> final : public UserServiceBase<Ts...>,
                                                                        public Trigger<Ts...> {
  public:
-  UserServiceTrigger(const char *name, const std::array<const char *, sizeof...(Ts)> &arg_names)
-      : UserServiceBase<Ts...>(name, arg_names, enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_NONE) {}
+  UserServiceTrigger(const char *const *strings, uint32_t key)
+      : UserServiceBase<Ts...>(strings, key, enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_NONE) {}
 
  protected:
   void execute(uint32_t /*call_id*/, bool /*return_response*/, Ts... x) override { this->trigger(x...); }
@@ -179,8 +198,8 @@ template<typename... Ts>
 class UserServiceTrigger<enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_OPTIONAL, Ts...> final : public UserServiceBase<Ts...>,
                                                                            public Trigger<uint32_t, bool, Ts...> {
  public:
-  UserServiceTrigger(const char *name, const std::array<const char *, sizeof...(Ts)> &arg_names)
-      : UserServiceBase<Ts...>(name, arg_names, enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_OPTIONAL) {}
+  UserServiceTrigger(const char *const *strings, uint32_t key)
+      : UserServiceBase<Ts...>(strings, key, enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_OPTIONAL) {}
 
  protected:
   void execute(uint32_t call_id, bool return_response, Ts... x) override {
@@ -193,8 +212,8 @@ template<typename... Ts>
 class UserServiceTrigger<enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_ONLY, Ts...> final : public UserServiceBase<Ts...>,
                                                                        public Trigger<uint32_t, Ts...> {
  public:
-  UserServiceTrigger(const char *name, const std::array<const char *, sizeof...(Ts)> &arg_names)
-      : UserServiceBase<Ts...>(name, arg_names, enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_ONLY) {}
+  UserServiceTrigger(const char *const *strings, uint32_t key)
+      : UserServiceBase<Ts...>(strings, key, enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_ONLY) {}
 
  protected:
   void execute(uint32_t call_id, bool /*return_response*/, Ts... x) override { this->trigger(call_id, x...); }
@@ -205,8 +224,8 @@ template<typename... Ts>
 class UserServiceTrigger<enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_STATUS, Ts...> final : public UserServiceBase<Ts...>,
                                                                          public Trigger<uint32_t, Ts...> {
  public:
-  UserServiceTrigger(const char *name, const std::array<const char *, sizeof...(Ts)> &arg_names)
-      : UserServiceBase<Ts...>(name, arg_names, enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_STATUS) {}
+  UserServiceTrigger(const char *const *strings, uint32_t key)
+      : UserServiceBase<Ts...>(strings, key, enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_STATUS) {}
 
  protected:
   void execute(uint32_t call_id, bool /*return_response*/, Ts... x) override { this->trigger(call_id, x...); }
diff --git a/esphome/components/aqi/aqi_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/aqi/aqi_sensor.cpp
index 4bb964d5ee..e78f301b30 100644
--- a/esphome/components/aqi/aqi_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/aqi/aqi_sensor.cpp
@@ -23,8 +23,10 @@ void AQISensor::setup() {
 
 void AQISensor::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "AQI Sensor:");
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Calculation Type: %s", this->aqi_calc_type_ == AQI_TYPE ? "AQI" : "CAQI");
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Extended Range: %s", this->extended_range_ ? "enabled" : "disabled");
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Calculation Type: %s",
+                this->aqi_calc_type_ == AQI_TYPE ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("AQI") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("CAQI"));
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Extended Range: %s",
+                this->extended_range_ ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("enabled") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("disabled"));
   if (this->pm_2_5_sensor_ != nullptr) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  PM2.5 Sensor: '%s'", this->pm_2_5_sensor_->get_name().c_str());
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/aqi/sensor.py b/esphome/components/aqi/sensor.py
index 9c361560df..a98d977227 100644
--- a/esphome/components/aqi/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/aqi/sensor.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     DEVICE_CLASS_AQI,
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import AQI_CALCULATION_TYPE, CONF_CALCULATION_TYPE, CONF_EXTENDED_RANGE, aqi_ns
 
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ DEPENDENCIES = ["sensor"]
 AQISensor = aqi_ns.class_("AQISensor", sensor.Sensor, cg.Component)
 
 
-def _validate_extended_range(config):
+def _validate_extended_range(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_EXTENDED_RANGE in config and config[CONF_CALCULATION_TYPE] == "CAQI":
         raise cv.Invalid(
             f"'{CONF_EXTENDED_RANGE}' is not supported with 'calculation_type: CAQI'. "
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/as3935/__init__.py b/esphome/components/as3935/__init__.py
index 70015c53b9..bd02d22d1b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/as3935/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/as3935/__init__.py
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TUNE_ANTENNA,
     CONF_WATCHDOG_THRESHOLD,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 MULTI_CONF = True
 
@@ -42,7 +44,7 @@ AS3935_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def setup_as3935(var, config):
+async def setup_as3935(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
     irq_pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_IRQ_PIN])
diff --git a/esphome/components/as3935/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/as3935/binary_sensor.py
index 10004e69dc..929b653294 100644
--- a/esphome/components/as3935/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/as3935/binary_sensor.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import AS3935, CONF_AS3935_ID
 
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema().extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_AS3935_ID])
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     cg.add(hub.set_thunder_alert_binary_sensor(var))
diff --git a/esphome/components/as3935/sensor.py b/esphome/components/as3935/sensor.py
index 9b43155563..b727b8fdb9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/as3935/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/as3935/sensor.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_KILOMETER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import AS3935, CONF_AS3935_ID
 
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_AS3935_ID])
 
     if distance_config := config.get(CONF_DISTANCE):
diff --git a/esphome/components/as3935_i2c/__init__.py b/esphome/components/as3935_i2c/__init__.py
index 09b588cb0c..83924de760 100644
--- a/esphome/components/as3935_i2c/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/as3935_i2c/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import as3935, i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["as3935"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await as3935.setup_as3935(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/as3935_spi/__init__.py b/esphome/components/as3935_spi/__init__.py
index f4cf07a906..332a51c7a9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/as3935_spi/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/as3935_spi/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import as3935, spi
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["as3935"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await as3935.setup_as3935(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/as5600/__init__.py b/esphome/components/as5600/__init__.py
index c05e556376..780712c3bd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/as5600/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/as5600/__init__.py
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
@@ -11,6 +14,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_RANGE,
     CONF_WATCHDOG,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@ammmze"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -72,13 +76,13 @@ POSITION_TO_ANGLE = 360 / RESOLUTION
 MIN_RANGE = round(18 * ANGLE_TO_POSITION)
 
 
-def angle(min=-360, max=360):
+def angle(min: float = -360, max: float = 360) -> Callable[[Any], Any]:
     return cv.All(
         cv.float_with_unit("angle", "(°|deg)"), cv.float_range(min=min, max=max)
     )
 
 
-def angle_to_position(value, min=-360, max=360):
+def angle_to_position(value: Any, min: float = -360, max: float = 360) -> int:
     try:
         value = angle(min=min, max=max)(value)
         return (RESOLUTION + round(value * ANGLE_TO_POSITION)) % RESOLUTION
@@ -86,17 +90,17 @@ def angle_to_position(value, min=-360, max=360):
         raise cv.Invalid(f"When using angle, {e.error_message}") from e
 
 
-def percent_to_position(value):
+def percent_to_position(value: Any) -> int:
     value = cv.possibly_negative_percentage(value)
     return (RESOLUTION + round(value * RESOLUTION)) % RESOLUTION
 
 
-def position(min=-MAX_POSITION, max=MAX_POSITION):
+def position(min: int = -MAX_POSITION, max: int = MAX_POSITION) -> Callable[[Any], Any]:
     """Validate that the config option is a position.
     Accepts integers, degrees, or percentage (of 360 degrees).
     """
 
-    def validator(value):
+    def validator(value: Any) -> int:
         if isinstance(value, str) and value.endswith("%"):
             value = percent_to_position(value)
 
@@ -112,7 +116,7 @@ def position(min=-MAX_POSITION, max=MAX_POSITION):
     return validator
 
 
-def position_range():
+def position_range() -> Callable[[Any], Any]:
     """Validate that value given is a valid range for the device.
     A valid range is one of the following:
     - a value of 0 (meaning full range)
@@ -129,7 +133,7 @@ def position_range():
         zero_validator,
     )
 
-    def validator(value):
+    def validator(value: Any) -> Any:
         is_negative_str = isinstance(value, str) and value.startswith("-")
         is_negative_num = isinstance(value, (float, int)) and value < 0
         if is_negative_str or is_negative_num:
@@ -139,13 +143,13 @@ def position_range():
     return validator
 
 
-def has_valid_range_config():
+def has_valid_range_config() -> Callable[[ConfigType], ConfigType]:
     """Validate that that the config start + end position results in a valid
     positional range, which must be >= 18degrees
     """
     range_validator = position_range()
 
-    def validator(config):
+    def validator(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
         # if we don't have an end position, then there is nothing to do
         if CONF_END_POSITION not in config:
             return config
@@ -203,7 +207,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/as5600/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/as5600/sensor/__init__.py
index cf67a3f203..847b89f121 100644
--- a/esphome/components/as5600/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/as5600/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ICON_ROTATE_RIGHT,
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import AS5600Component, as5600_ns
 
@@ -77,7 +78,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_AS5600_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/as7341/sensor.py b/esphome/components/as7341/sensor.py
index 8b6cf61028..f70c5e999f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/as7341/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/as7341/sensor.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ICON_BRIGHTNESS_5,
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@mrgnr"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -96,7 +97,7 @@ SENSORS = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/async_tcp/__init__.py b/esphome/components/async_tcp/__init__.py
index 22d544ba37..31007022d5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/async_tcp/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/async_tcp/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["network"]
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema({})
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.NETWORK_TRANSPORT)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if CORE.is_esp32:
         # https://github.com/ESP32Async/AsyncTCP
         from esphome.components.esp32 import add_idf_component
diff --git a/esphome/components/at581x/__init__.py b/esphome/components/at581x/__init__.py
index 5031b72cce..193e62f615 100644
--- a/esphome/components/at581x/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/at581x/__init__.py
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_FREQUENCY, CONF_ID
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@X-Ryl669"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -70,7 +73,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
@@ -91,7 +94,12 @@ AT581XSettingsAction = at581x_ns.class_("AT581XSettingsAction", automation.Actio
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def at581x_reset_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def at581x_reset_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
 
@@ -163,7 +171,12 @@ RADAR_SETTINGS_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     RADAR_SETTINGS_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def at581x_settings_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def at581x_settings_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/at581x/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/at581x/switch/__init__.py
index 8e1b82b356..7e45ed89ec 100644
--- a/esphome/components/at581x/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/at581x/switch/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import switch
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import DEVICE_CLASS_SWITCH, ICON_WIFI
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_AT581X_ID, AT581XComponent, at581x_ns
 
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = switch.switch_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     at581x_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_AT581X_ID])
     s = await switch.new_switch(config)
     await cg.register_parented(s, config[CONF_AT581X_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/atc_mithermometer/atc_mithermometer.cpp b/esphome/components/atc_mithermometer/atc_mithermometer.cpp
index 7b5cdcfa20..22cb2b3150 100644
--- a/esphome/components/atc_mithermometer/atc_mithermometer.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/atc_mithermometer/atc_mithermometer.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #include "atc_mithermometer.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::atc_mithermometer {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "atc_mithermometer";
@@ -15,7 +13,7 @@ void ATCMiThermometer::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Battery Voltage", this->battery_voltage_);
 }
 
-bool ATCMiThermometer::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool ATCMiThermometer::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -52,7 +50,7 @@ bool ATCMiThermometer::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device
   return success;
 }
 
-optional<ParseResult> ATCMiThermometer::parse_header_(const esp32_ble_tracker::ServiceData &service_data) {
+optional<ParseResult> ATCMiThermometer::parse_header_(const ble_device_base::ServiceData &service_data) {
   ParseResult result;
   if (!service_data.uuid.contains(0x1A, 0x18)) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_header(): no service data UUID magic bytes.");
@@ -132,5 +130,3 @@ bool ATCMiThermometer::report_results_(const optional<ParseResult> &result, cons
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::atc_mithermometer
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/atc_mithermometer/atc_mithermometer.h b/esphome/components/atc_mithermometer/atc_mithermometer.h
index 0f472c11b9..3f5ca4c784 100644
--- a/esphome/components/atc_mithermometer/atc_mithermometer.h
+++ b/esphome/components/atc_mithermometer/atc_mithermometer.h
@@ -2,12 +2,10 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 
 #include <vector>
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::atc_mithermometer {
 
 struct ParseResult {
@@ -18,11 +16,11 @@ struct ParseResult {
   int raw_offset;
 };
 
-class ATCMiThermometer final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class ATCMiThermometer final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; };
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_temperature(sensor::Sensor *temperature) { temperature_ = temperature; }
   void set_humidity(sensor::Sensor *humidity) { humidity_ = humidity; }
@@ -40,11 +38,9 @@ class ATCMiThermometer final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBT
 
   uint8_t last_frame_count_{0};
 
-  optional<ParseResult> parse_header_(const esp32_ble_tracker::ServiceData &service_data);
+  optional<ParseResult> parse_header_(const ble_device_base::ServiceData &service_data);
   bool parse_message_(const std::vector<uint8_t> &message, ParseResult &result);
   bool report_results_(const optional<ParseResult> &result, const char *address);
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::atc_mithermometer
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/atc_mithermometer/sensor.py b/esphome/components/atc_mithermometer/sensor.py
index 5286d29d1b..184b2e8733 100644
--- a/esphome/components/atc_mithermometer/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/atc_mithermometer/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL,
@@ -21,17 +21,19 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PERCENT,
     UNIT_VOLT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@ahpohl"]
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base"]
 
 atc_mithermometer_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("atc_mithermometer")
 ATCMiThermometer = atc_mithermometer_ns.class_(
-    "ATCMiThermometer", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "ATCMiThermometer", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("atc_mithermometer"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(ATCMiThermometer),
@@ -71,15 +73,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/atm90e26/sensor.py b/esphome/components/atm90e26/sensor.py
index 5941cb35b4..87db214233 100644
--- a/esphome/components/atm90e26/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/atm90e26/sensor.py
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_WATT,
     UNIT_WATT_HOURS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_METER_CONSTANT = "meter_constant"
 CONF_PL_CONST = "pl_const"
@@ -123,7 +124,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/atm90e32/button/__init__.py b/esphome/components/atm90e32/button/__init__.py
index 19f62ccfbd..274cce6adb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/atm90e32/button/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/atm90e32/button/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import button
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG, ICON_SCALE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import atm90e32_ns
 from ..sensor import ATM90E32Component
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
 
     if run_gain := config.get(CONF_RUN_GAIN_CALIBRATION):
diff --git a/esphome/components/atm90e32/number/__init__.py b/esphome/components/atm90e32/number/__init__.py
index 848680b875..9c2865dde3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/atm90e32/number/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/atm90e32/number/__init__.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_AMPERE,
     UNIT_VOLT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import atm90e32_ns
 from ..sensor import ATM90E32Component
@@ -90,7 +91,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
 
     if voltage_cfg := config.get(CONF_REFERENCE_VOLTAGE):
diff --git a/esphome/components/atm90e32/sensor.py b/esphome/components/atm90e32/sensor.py
index dc46138add..38b24c7cf6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/atm90e32/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/atm90e32/sensor.py
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_WATT,
     UNIT_WATT_HOURS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import atm90e32_ns
 
@@ -191,7 +192,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_instance_id(str(config[CONF_ID])))
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/atm90e32/text_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/atm90e32/text_sensor/__init__.py
index ab96f6c207..30585cb873 100644
--- a/esphome/components/atm90e32/text_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/atm90e32/text_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_PHASE_A, CONF_PHASE_B, CONF_PHASE_C
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from ..sensor import ATM90E32Component
 
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
 
     if phase_cfg := config.get(CONF_PHASE_STATUS):
diff --git a/esphome/components/audio/__init__.py b/esphome/components/audio/__init__.py
index d87f32fc36..2a5304be77 100644
--- a/esphome/components/audio/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/audio/__init__.py
@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import Any
 
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components.esp32 import (
     add_idf_component,
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option,
     include_builtin_idf_component,
+    require_certificate_bundle,
 )
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
@@ -15,6 +18,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["ring_buffer"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kahrendt"]
@@ -125,10 +129,10 @@ CONF_THREADSAFE = "threadsafe"
 _MEMORY_LOCATION_VALIDATOR = cv.one_of(*MEMORY_LOCATIONS, lower=True)
 
 
-def _maybe_empty_codec(schema):
+def _maybe_empty_codec(schema: cv.Schema) -> Callable[[Any], Any]:
     """Wrap a codec dict schema so that a bare key (None value) is treated as an empty dict."""
 
-    def validator(value):
+    def validator(value: Any) -> Any:
         if value is None:
             value = {}
         return schema(value)
@@ -200,14 +204,14 @@ def set_stream_limits(
     max_channels: int = cv.UNDEFINED,
     min_sample_rate: int = cv.UNDEFINED,
     max_sample_rate: int = cv.UNDEFINED,
-):
+) -> Callable[[ConfigType], None]:
     """Sets the limits for the audio stream that audio component can handle
 
     When the component sinks audio (e.g., a speaker), these indicate the limits to the audio it can receive.
     When the component sources audio (e.g., a microphone), these indicate the limits to the audio it can send.
     """
 
-    def set_limits_in_config(config):
+    def set_limits_in_config(config: ConfigType) -> None:
         if min_bits_per_sample is not cv.UNDEFINED:
             config[CONF_MIN_BITS_PER_SAMPLE] = min_bits_per_sample
         if max_bits_per_sample is not cv.UNDEFINED:
@@ -233,7 +237,7 @@ def final_validate_audio_schema(
     sample_rate: int = cv.UNDEFINED,
     enabled_channels: list[int] = cv.UNDEFINED,
     audio_device_issue: bool = False,
-):
+) -> cv.Schema:
     """Validates audio compatibility when passed between different components.
 
     The component derived from ``AUDIO_COMPONENT_SCHEMA`` should call ``set_stream_limits`` in a validator to specify its compatible settings
@@ -251,7 +255,7 @@ def final_validate_audio_schema(
         audio_device_issue (bool, optional): Format the error message to indicate the problem is in the configuration for the ``audio_device`` component. Defaults to False.
     """
 
-    def validate_audio_compatiblity(audio_config):
+    def validate_audio_compatiblity(audio_config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
         audio_schema = {}
 
         if bits_per_sample is not cv.UNDEFINED:
@@ -329,9 +333,11 @@ def _emit_memory_pair(value: str | None, psram_key: str, internal_key: str) -> N
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option(internal_key, True)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # Re-enable ESP-IDF's HTTP client (excluded by default to save compile time)
     include_builtin_idf_component("esp_http_client")
+    # HTTPS streams verify the server against the root certificate bundle
+    require_certificate_bundle()
 
     add_idf_component(
         name="esphome/esp-audio-libs",
@@ -371,7 +377,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             data.wav_support = True
 
     if data.micro_decoder_support:
-        add_idf_component(name="esphome/micro-decoder", ref="0.2.0")
+        add_idf_component(name="esphome/micro-decoder", ref="0.4.0")
 
         # All codecs are enabled by default in micro-decoder, so disable the ones that aren't requested to save flash
         if not data.flac_support:
@@ -380,6 +386,8 @@ async def to_code(config):
             add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_MICRO_DECODER_CODEC_MP3", False)
         if not data.opus_support:
             add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_MICRO_DECODER_CODEC_OPUS", False)
+        # Vorbis is unsupported in ESPHome, so always disable it
+        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_MICRO_DECODER_CODEC_VORBIS", False)
         if not data.wav_support:
             add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_MICRO_DECODER_CODEC_WAV", False)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/audio/audio.cpp b/esphome/components/audio/audio.cpp
index b0aa3c1abb..402e741059 100644
--- a/esphome/components/audio/audio.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/audio/audio.cpp
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ AudioFileType detect_audio_file_type(const char *content_type, const char *url)
     // Match "audio/ogg" with a codecs parameter containing "opus"
     // Valid forms: audio/ogg;codecs=opus, audio/ogg; codecs="opus", etc.
     // Plain "audio/ogg" without opus is not matched (almost always Ogg Vorbis)
-    if (strncasecmp(content_type, "audio/ogg", 9) == 0 && strcasestr(content_type + 9, "opus") != nullptr) {
+    if (strncasecmp(content_type, "audio/ogg", 9) == 0 && str_contains_ignore_case(content_type + 9, "opus")) {
       return AudioFileType::OPUS;
     }
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/audio_adc/__init__.py b/esphome/components/audio_adc/__init__.py
index 3c3a4988b5..c2bdfb6cb0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/audio_adc/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/audio_adc/__init__.py
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@ from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_MIC_GAIN
-from esphome.core import CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import ID, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 IS_PLATFORM_COMPONENT = True
@@ -28,7 +30,12 @@ SET_MIC_GAIN_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.maybe_simple_value(
     SET_MIC_GAIN_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def audio_adc_set_mic_gain_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def audio_adc_set_mic_gain_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
@@ -39,6 +46,6 @@ async def audio_adc_set_mic_gain_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.CORE)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_define("USE_AUDIO_ADC")
     cg.add_global(audio_adc_ns.using)
diff --git a/esphome/components/audio_dac/__init__.py b/esphome/components/audio_dac/__init__.py
index 46c277ce51..1351793afd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/audio_dac/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/audio_dac/__init__.py
@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@ from esphome.automation import maybe_simple_id
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_VOLUME
-from esphome.core import CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import ID, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 IS_PLATFORM_COMPONENT = True
@@ -37,7 +39,12 @@ SET_VOLUME_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.maybe_simple_value(
 @automation.register_action(
     "audio_dac.mute_on", MuteOnAction, MUTE_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
-async def audio_dac_mute_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def audio_dac_mute_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
@@ -48,7 +55,12 @@ async def audio_dac_mute_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     SET_VOLUME_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def audio_dac_set_volume_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def audio_dac_set_volume_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
@@ -59,6 +71,6 @@ async def audio_dac_set_volume_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.CORE)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_define("USE_AUDIO_DAC")
     cg.add_global(audio_dac_ns.using)
diff --git a/esphome/components/audio_http/audio_http_media_source.cpp b/esphome/components/audio_http/audio_http_media_source.cpp
index 04b7d046e6..fb8620f7d9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/audio_http/audio_http_media_source.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/audio_http/audio_http_media_source.cpp
@@ -30,8 +30,9 @@ void AudioHTTPMediaSource::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "Audio HTTP Media Source:\n"
                 "  Buffer Size: %zu bytes\n"
+                "  Persistent Ring Buffer: %s\n"
                 "  Decoder Task Stack in PSRAM: %s",
-                this->buffer_size_, YESNO(this->decoder_task_stack_in_psram_));
+                this->buffer_size_, YESNO(this->persistent_ring_buffer_), YESNO(this->decoder_task_stack_in_psram_));
 }
 
 void AudioHTTPMediaSource::setup() {
@@ -39,6 +40,7 @@ void AudioHTTPMediaSource::setup() {
 
   micro_decoder::DecoderConfig config;
   config.ring_buffer_size = this->buffer_size_;
+  config.persistent_ring_buffer = this->persistent_ring_buffer_;
   // Keep the transfer buffer smaller than the ring buffer so the reader can top up the ring
   // while the decoder is still draining it, instead of oscillating between empty and full.
   config.transfer_buffer_size = std::min(DEFAULT_TRANSFER_BUFFER_SIZE, this->buffer_size_ / 2);
diff --git a/esphome/components/audio_http/audio_http_media_source.h b/esphome/components/audio_http/audio_http_media_source.h
index f794aa1f02..a97025e53e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/audio_http/audio_http_media_source.h
+++ b/esphome/components/audio_http/audio_http_media_source.h
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ class AudioHTTPMediaSource final : public Component,
 
   void set_buffer_size(size_t buffer_size) { this->buffer_size_ = buffer_size; }
   void set_task_stack_in_psram(bool task_stack_in_psram) { this->decoder_task_stack_in_psram_ = task_stack_in_psram; }
+  void set_persistent_ring_buffer(bool persistent) { this->persistent_ring_buffer_ = persistent; }
 
   // MediaSource interface implementation
   bool play_uri(const std::string &uri) override;
@@ -54,6 +55,7 @@ class AudioHTTPMediaSource final : public Component,
   // on_audio_write(). Must be atomic to avoid a data race.
   std::atomic<bool> pause_{false};
   bool decoder_task_stack_in_psram_{false};
+  bool persistent_ring_buffer_{false};
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::audio_http
diff --git a/esphome/components/audio_http/media_source.py b/esphome/components/audio_http/media_source.py
index e8acbc81af..14543957e9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/audio_http/media_source.py
+++ b/esphome/components/audio_http/media_source.py
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ from esphome.types import ConfigType
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kahrendt"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["audio"]
 
+CONF_PERSISTENT_RING_BUFFER = "persistent_ring_buffer"
+
 audio_http_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("audio_http")
 AudioHTTPMediaSource = audio_http_ns.class_(
     "AudioHTTPMediaSource", cg.Component, media_source.MediaSource
@@ -28,6 +30,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                 min=5000, max=1000000
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_TASK_STACK_IN_PSRAM): psram.validate_task_stack_in_psram,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_PERSISTENT_RING_BUFFER, default=False): cv.boolean,
         }
     )
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
@@ -45,3 +48,4 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
         cg.add(var.set_task_stack_in_psram(True))
         psram.request_external_task_stack()
     cg.add(var.set_buffer_size(config[CONF_BUFFER_SIZE]))
+    cg.add(var.set_persistent_ring_buffer(config[CONF_PERSISTENT_RING_BUFFER]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/axs15231/touchscreen/__init__.py b/esphome/components/axs15231/touchscreen/__init__.py
index 8c18d8ca75..2616cb281b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/axs15231/touchscreen/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/axs15231/touchscreen/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, touchscreen
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN, CONF_RESET_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import axs15231_ns
 
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await touchscreen.register_touchscreen(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/b_parasite/b_parasite.cpp b/esphome/components/b_parasite/b_parasite.cpp
index 160d22a5b6..e0ae824b0d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/b_parasite/b_parasite.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/b_parasite/b_parasite.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #include "b_parasite.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::b_parasite {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "b_parasite";
@@ -16,7 +14,7 @@ void BParasite::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Illuminance", this->illuminance_);
 }
 
-bool BParasite::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool BParasite::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -113,5 +111,3 @@ bool BParasite::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::b_parasite
-
-#endif  // USE_ESP32
diff --git a/esphome/components/b_parasite/b_parasite.h b/esphome/components/b_parasite/b_parasite.h
index 1d5ac6e702..65540e82fb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/b_parasite/b_parasite.h
+++ b/esphome/components/b_parasite/b_parasite.h
@@ -2,18 +2,16 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
-
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 
 namespace esphome::b_parasite {
 
-class BParasite final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class BParasite final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; };
   void set_bindkey(const std::string &bindkey);
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
   void dump_config() override;
 
   void set_battery_voltage(sensor::Sensor *battery_voltage) { battery_voltage_ = battery_voltage; }
@@ -35,5 +33,3 @@ class BParasite final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceL
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::b_parasite
-
-#endif  // USE_ESP32
diff --git a/esphome/components/b_parasite/sensor.py b/esphome/components/b_parasite/sensor.py
index 041303ad8b..cb8f569c0d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/b_parasite/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/b_parasite/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_VOLTAGE,
@@ -20,17 +20,19 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PERCENT,
     UNIT_VOLT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@rbaron"]
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base"]
 
 b_parasite_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("b_parasite")
 BParasite = b_parasite_ns.class_(
-    "BParasite", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "BParasite", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("b_parasite"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BParasite),
@@ -68,15 +70,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ballu/climate.py b/esphome/components/ballu/climate.py
index 1127084632..c4d64cd692 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ballu/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ballu/climate.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@bazuchan"]
@@ -10,5 +11,5 @@ BalluClimate = ballu_ns.class_("BalluClimate", climate_ir.ClimateIR)
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(BalluClimate)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bang_bang/climate.py b/esphome/components/bang_bang/climate.py
index bfdb12278f..65c5eaed18 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bang_bang/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bang_bang/climate.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_IDLE_ACTION,
     CONF_SENSOR,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 bang_bang_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("bang_bang")
 BangBangClimate = bang_bang_ns.class_("BangBangClimate", climate.Climate, cg.Component)
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await climate.new_climate(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/bedjet/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bedjet/__init__.py
index d4bf813846..1b967e665a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bedjet/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bedjet/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import ble_client, time
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_RECEIVE_TIMEOUT, CONF_TIME_ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jhansche"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["ble_client"]
@@ -32,12 +34,12 @@ BEDJET_CLIENT_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def register_bedjet_child(var, config):
+async def register_bedjet_child(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_BEDJET_ID])
     cg.add(parent.register_child(var))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await ble_client.register_ble_node(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bedjet/climate/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bedjet/climate/__init__.py
index 4de9dcca0b..36650d643c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bedjet/climate/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bedjet/climate/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_HEAT_MODE, CONF_TEMPERATURE_SOURCE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import BEDJET_CLIENT_SCHEMA, bedjet_ns, register_bedjet_child
 
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await climate.new_climate(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await register_bedjet_child(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bedjet/fan/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bedjet/fan/__init__.py
index a4a611fefc..f5dfe32f4c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bedjet/fan/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bedjet/fan/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import fan
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import BEDJET_CLIENT_SCHEMA, bedjet_ns, register_bedjet_child
 
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await fan.new_fan(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await register_bedjet_child(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bedjet/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bedjet/sensor/__init__.py
index fa9ca7953e..595e798e49 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bedjet/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bedjet/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import BEDJET_CLIENT_SCHEMA, bedjet_ns, register_bedjet_child
 
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(BEDJET_CLIENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await register_bedjet_child(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/beken_spi_led_strip/led_strip.cpp b/esphome/components/beken_spi_led_strip/led_strip.cpp
index 9e14615d7a..0cf970b3cc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/beken_spi_led_strip/led_strip.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/beken_spi_led_strip/led_strip.cpp
@@ -300,46 +300,12 @@ void BekenSPILEDStripLightOutput::write_state(light::LightState *state) {
 }
 
 light::ESPColorView BekenSPILEDStripLightOutput::get_view_internal(int32_t index) const {
-  int32_t r = 0, g = 0, b = 0;
-  switch (this->rgb_order_) {
-    case ORDER_RGB:
-      r = 0;
-      g = 1;
-      b = 2;
-      break;
-    case ORDER_RBG:
-      r = 0;
-      g = 2;
-      b = 1;
-      break;
-    case ORDER_GRB:
-      r = 1;
-      g = 0;
-      b = 2;
-      break;
-    case ORDER_GBR:
-      r = 2;
-      g = 0;
-      b = 1;
-      break;
-    case ORDER_BGR:
-      r = 2;
-      g = 1;
-      b = 0;
-      break;
-    case ORDER_BRG:
-      r = 1;
-      g = 2;
-      b = 0;
-      break;
-  }
-  uint8_t multiplier = this->is_rgbw_ || this->is_wrgb_ ? 4 : 3;
-  uint8_t white = this->is_wrgb_ ? 0 : 3;
-
-  return {this->buf_ + (index * multiplier) + r + this->is_wrgb_,
-          this->buf_ + (index * multiplier) + g + this->is_wrgb_,
-          this->buf_ + (index * multiplier) + b + this->is_wrgb_,
-          this->is_rgbw_ || this->is_wrgb_ ? this->buf_ + (index * multiplier) + white : nullptr,
+  const light::ChannelColors &colors = this->channel_colors_;
+  uint8_t *led = this->buf_ + (index * colors.bytes_per_led());
+  return {led + colors.r,
+          led + colors.g,
+          led + colors.b,
+          colors.has_white() ? led + colors.w : nullptr,
           &this->effect_data_[index],
           &this->correction_};
 }
@@ -349,35 +315,12 @@ void BekenSPILEDStripLightOutput::dump_config() {
                 "Beken SPI LED Strip:\n"
                 "  Pin: %u",
                 this->pin_);
-  const char *rgb_order;
-  switch (this->rgb_order_) {
-    case ORDER_RGB:
-      rgb_order = "RGB";
-      break;
-    case ORDER_RBG:
-      rgb_order = "RBG";
-      break;
-    case ORDER_GRB:
-      rgb_order = "GRB";
-      break;
-    case ORDER_GBR:
-      rgb_order = "GBR";
-      break;
-    case ORDER_BGR:
-      rgb_order = "BGR";
-      break;
-    case ORDER_BRG:
-      rgb_order = "BRG";
-      break;
-    default:
-      rgb_order = "UNKNOWN";
-      break;
-  }
+  char channel_colors[5];
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
-                "  RGB Order: %s\n"
+                "  Channel colors: %s\n"
                 "  Max refresh rate: %" PRIu32 "\n"
                 "  Number of LEDs: %u",
-                rgb_order, this->max_refresh_rate_.value_or(0), this->num_leds_);
+                this->channel_colors_.to_string(channel_colors), this->max_refresh_rate_.value_or(0), this->num_leds_);
 }
 
 float BekenSPILEDStripLightOutput::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::HARDWARE; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/beken_spi_led_strip/led_strip.h b/esphome/components/beken_spi_led_strip/led_strip.h
index 909634e266..1496e65d4d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/beken_spi_led_strip/led_strip.h
+++ b/esphome/components/beken_spi_led_strip/led_strip.h
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #ifdef USE_BK72XX
 
 #include "esphome/components/light/addressable_light.h"
+#include "esphome/components/light/channel_colors.h"
 #include "esphome/components/light/light_output.h"
 #include "esphome/core/color.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
@@ -10,15 +11,6 @@
 
 namespace esphome::beken_spi_led_strip {
 
-enum RGBOrder : uint8_t {
-  ORDER_RGB,
-  ORDER_RBG,
-  ORDER_GRB,
-  ORDER_GBR,
-  ORDER_BGR,
-  ORDER_BRG,
-};
-
 class BekenSPILEDStripLightOutput final : public light::AddressableLight {
  public:
   void setup() override;
@@ -28,7 +20,7 @@ class BekenSPILEDStripLightOutput final : public light::AddressableLight {
   int32_t size() const override { return this->num_leds_; }
   light::LightTraits get_traits() override {
     auto traits = light::LightTraits();
-    if (this->is_rgbw_ || this->is_wrgb_) {
+    if (this->channel_colors_.has_white()) {
       traits.set_supported_color_modes({light::ColorMode::RGB_WHITE, light::ColorMode::WHITE});
     } else {
       traits.set_supported_color_modes({light::ColorMode::RGB});
@@ -38,16 +30,13 @@ class BekenSPILEDStripLightOutput final : public light::AddressableLight {
 
   void set_pin(uint8_t pin) { this->pin_ = pin; }
   void set_num_leds(uint16_t num_leds) { this->num_leds_ = num_leds; }
-  void set_is_rgbw(bool is_rgbw) { this->is_rgbw_ = is_rgbw; }
-  void set_is_wrgb(bool is_wrgb) { this->is_wrgb_ = is_wrgb; }
+  void set_channel_colors(light::ChannelColors channel_colors) { this->channel_colors_ = channel_colors; }
 
   /// Set a maximum refresh rate in µs as some lights do not like being updated too often.
   void set_max_refresh_rate(uint32_t interval_us) { this->max_refresh_rate_ = interval_us; }
 
   void set_led_params(uint8_t bit0, uint8_t bit1, uint32_t spi_frequency);
 
-  void set_rgb_order(RGBOrder rgb_order) { this->rgb_order_ = rgb_order; }
-
   void clear_effect_data() override {
     for (int i = 0; i < this->size(); i++)
       this->effect_data_[i] = 0;
@@ -58,7 +47,7 @@ class BekenSPILEDStripLightOutput final : public light::AddressableLight {
  protected:
   light::ESPColorView get_view_internal(int32_t index) const override;
 
-  size_t get_buffer_size_() const { return this->num_leds_ * (this->is_rgbw_ || this->is_wrgb_ ? 4 : 3); }
+  size_t get_buffer_size_() const { return this->num_leds_ * this->channel_colors_.bytes_per_led(); }
 
   uint8_t *buf_{nullptr};
   uint8_t *effect_data_{nullptr};
@@ -66,13 +55,11 @@ class BekenSPILEDStripLightOutput final : public light::AddressableLight {
 
   uint8_t pin_;
   uint16_t num_leds_;
-  bool is_rgbw_;
-  bool is_wrgb_;
 
   uint32_t spi_frequency_{6666666};
   uint8_t bit0_{0xE0};
   uint8_t bit1_{0xFC};
-  RGBOrder rgb_order_;
+  light::ChannelColors channel_colors_{0, 1, 2, light::ChannelColors::NO_WHITE};
 
   uint32_t last_refresh_{0};
   optional<uint32_t> max_refresh_rate_{};
diff --git a/esphome/components/beken_spi_led_strip/light.py b/esphome/components/beken_spi_led_strip/light.py
index 9093b08b62..5576f286f1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/beken_spi_led_strip/light.py
+++ b/esphome/components/beken_spi_led_strip/light.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from dataclasses import dataclass
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import libretiny, light
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS, CONF_IS_WRGB
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_CHIPSET,
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_PIN,
     CONF_RGB_ORDER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@Mat931"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["libretiny"]
@@ -22,17 +24,6 @@ BekenSPILEDStripLightOutput = beken_spi_led_strip_ns.class_(
     "BekenSPILEDStripLightOutput", light.AddressableLight
 )
 
-RGBOrder = beken_spi_led_strip_ns.enum("RGBOrder")
-
-RGB_ORDERS = {
-    "RGB": RGBOrder.ORDER_RGB,
-    "RBG": RGBOrder.ORDER_RBG,
-    "GRB": RGBOrder.ORDER_GRB,
-    "GBR": RGBOrder.ORDER_GBR,
-    "BGR": RGBOrder.ORDER_BGR,
-    "BRG": RGBOrder.ORDER_BRG,
-}
-
 
 @dataclass
 class LEDStripTimings:
@@ -57,8 +48,6 @@ CHIPSETS = {
 }
 
 
-CONF_IS_WRGB = "is_wrgb"
-
 SUPPORTED_PINS = {
     libretiny.const.FAMILY_BK7231N: [16],
     libretiny.const.FAMILY_BK7231T: [16],
@@ -67,7 +56,7 @@ SUPPORTED_PINS = {
 }
 
 
-def _validate_pin(value):
+def _validate_pin(value: int) -> int:
     family = libretiny.get_libretiny_family()
     if family not in SUPPORTED_PINS:
         raise cv.Invalid(f"Chip family {family} is not supported.")
@@ -79,10 +68,9 @@ def _validate_pin(value):
     return value
 
 
-def _validate_num_leds(value):
-    max_num_leds = 165  # 170
-    if value[CONF_IS_RGBW] or value[CONF_IS_WRGB]:
-        max_num_leds = 123  # 127
+def _validate_num_leds(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    # A white channel makes each LED one byte wider, so fewer of them fit in the DMA buffer.
+    max_num_leds = 123 if "W" in value[CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS] else 165  # 127 / 170
     if value[CONF_NUM_LEDS] > max_num_leds:
         raise cv.Invalid(
             f"The maximum number of LEDs for this configuration is {max_num_leds}.",
@@ -99,18 +87,23 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                 pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_number, _validate_pin
             ),
             cv.Required(CONF_NUM_LEDS): cv.positive_not_null_int,
-            cv.Required(CONF_RGB_ORDER): cv.enum(RGB_ORDERS, upper=True),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS): light.validate_channel_colors,
+            # Deprecated in favour of CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS, remove in 2027.3.0
+            cv.Optional(CONF_RGB_ORDER): cv.one_of(*light.RGB_ORDERS, upper=True),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_IS_RGBW): cv.boolean,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_IS_WRGB): cv.boolean,
             cv.Optional(CONF_MAX_REFRESH_RATE): cv.positive_time_period_microseconds,
             cv.Required(CONF_CHIPSET): cv.one_of(*CHIPSETS, upper=True),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_IS_RGBW, default=False): cv.boolean,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_IS_WRGB, default=False): cv.boolean,
         }
     ),
+    light.migrate_channel_colors(
+        removed_in="2027.3.0", component="beken_spi_led_strip"
+    ),
     _validate_num_leds,
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_OUTPUT_ID])
     await light.register_light(var, config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
@@ -130,6 +123,6 @@ async def to_code(config):
         )
     )
 
-    cg.add(var.set_rgb_order(config[CONF_RGB_ORDER]))
-    cg.add(var.set_is_rgbw(config[CONF_IS_RGBW]))
-    cg.add(var.set_is_wrgb(config[CONF_IS_WRGB]))
+    cg.add(
+        var.set_channel_colors(light.channel_colors_struct(config[CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS]))
+    )
diff --git a/esphome/components/bh1750/sensor.py b/esphome/components/bh1750/sensor.py
index 36af5aeef9..07272b3b4f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bh1750/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bh1750/sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import DEVICE_CLASS_ILLUMINANCE, STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT, UNIT_LUX
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@OttoWinter"]
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bh1900nux/sensor.py b/esphome/components/bh1900nux/sensor.py
index a70db3555a..4ddffb7940 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bh1900nux/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bh1900nux/sensor.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@B48D81EFCC"]
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/binary/fan/__init__.py b/esphome/components/binary/fan/__init__.py
index dadcf52372..03a03ec7ca 100644
--- a/esphome/components/binary/fan/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/binary/fan/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import fan, output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_DIRECTION_OUTPUT, CONF_OSCILLATION_OUTPUT, CONF_OUTPUT
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import binary_ns
 
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await fan.new_fan(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/binary/light/__init__.py b/esphome/components/binary/light/__init__.py
index ebb22f4409..b6eddac341 100644
--- a/esphome/components/binary/light/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/binary/light/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import light, output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_OUTPUT, CONF_OUTPUT_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import binary_ns
 
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = light.BINARY_LIGHT_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_OUTPUT_ID])
     await light.register_light(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index 5800e0bd9e..1ab6f7103f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from esphome.automation import Condition, maybe_simple_id
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import mqtt, web_server, zigbee
 from esphome.components.const import CONF_ON_STATE_CHANGE
+from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_defines
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_DELAY,
@@ -560,6 +561,11 @@ _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
 async def _build_binary_sensor_automations(var, config):
     await automation.build_callback_automations(var, config, _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS)
 
+    if config.get(CONF_ON_CLICK) or config.get(CONF_ON_DOUBLE_CLICK):
+        cg.add_define("USE_BINARY_SENSOR_CLICK_TRIGGER")
+    if config.get(CONF_ON_MULTI_CLICK):
+        cg.add_define("USE_BINARY_SENSOR_MULTI_CLICK_TRIGGER")
+
     for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_CLICK, []):
         trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(
             conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var, conf[CONF_MIN_LENGTH], conf[CONF_MAX_LENGTH]
@@ -673,3 +679,15 @@ async def to_code(config):
 async def binary_sensor_invalidate_state_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
+
+
+# automation.cpp only implements the click/double_click/multi_click triggers
+FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_defines(
+    {
+        "automation.cpp": (
+            "USE_BINARY_SENSOR_CLICK_TRIGGER",
+            "USE_BINARY_SENSOR_MULTI_CLICK_TRIGGER",
+        ),
+        "filter.cpp": "USE_BINARY_SENSOR_FILTER",
+    }
+)
diff --git a/esphome/components/binary_sensor/automation.cpp b/esphome/components/binary_sensor/automation.cpp
index b13e4a88dd..65c7dbbdb6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/binary_sensor/automation.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/binary_sensor/automation.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,13 @@
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#if defined(USE_BINARY_SENSOR_CLICK_TRIGGER) || defined(USE_BINARY_SENSOR_MULTI_CLICK_TRIGGER)
+
 #include "automation.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 namespace esphome::binary_sensor {
 
+#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR_MULTI_CLICK_TRIGGER
+
 static const char *const TAG = "binary_sensor.automation";
 
 // MultiClickTrigger timeout IDs.
@@ -95,13 +100,15 @@ void MultiClickTriggerBase::schedule_is_valid_(uint32_t min_length) {
   }
   this->is_valid_ = false;
   this->set_timeout(MULTICLICK_IS_VALID_ID, min_length, [this]() {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Multi Click: You can now %s the button.", this->parent_->state ? "RELEASE" : "PRESS");
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Multi Click: You can now %s the button.",
+             this->parent_->state ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("RELEASE") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("PRESS"));
     this->is_valid_ = true;
   });
 }
 void MultiClickTriggerBase::schedule_is_not_valid_(uint32_t max_length) {
   this->set_timeout(MULTICLICK_IS_NOT_VALID_ID, max_length, [this]() {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Multi Click: You waited too long to %s.", this->parent_->state ? "RELEASE" : "PRESS");
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Multi Click: You waited too long to %s.",
+             this->parent_->state ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("RELEASE") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("PRESS"));
     this->is_valid_ = false;
     this->schedule_cooldown_();
   });
@@ -120,6 +127,9 @@ void MultiClickTriggerBase::trigger_() {
   this->trigger();
 }
 
+#endif  // USE_BINARY_SENSOR_MULTI_CLICK_TRIGGER
+
+#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR_CLICK_TRIGGER
 bool match_interval(uint32_t min_length, uint32_t max_length, uint32_t length) {
   if (max_length == 0) {
     return length >= min_length;
@@ -127,4 +137,8 @@ bool match_interval(uint32_t min_length, uint32_t max_length, uint32_t length) {
     return length >= min_length && length <= max_length;
   }
 }
+#endif  // USE_BINARY_SENSOR_CLICK_TRIGGER
+
 }  // namespace esphome::binary_sensor
+
+#endif  // USE_BINARY_SENSOR_CLICK_TRIGGER || USE_BINARY_SENSOR_MULTI_CLICK_TRIGGER
diff --git a/esphome/components/binary_sensor_map/sensor.py b/esphome/components/binary_sensor_map/sensor.py
index 965e332e28..f3133c0621 100644
--- a/esphome/components/binary_sensor_map/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/binary_sensor_map/sensor.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_VALUE,
     ICON_CHECK_CIRCLE_OUTLINE,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["binary_sensor"]
 
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.typed_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/bk72xx/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bk72xx/__init__.py
index ee9bf1e0d4..e64237c95a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bk72xx/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bk72xx/__init__.py
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ from esphome.components.libretiny.const import (
     LibreTinyComponent,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .boards import BK72XX_BOARD_PINS, BK72XX_BOARDS
 
@@ -45,7 +47,7 @@ COMPONENT_DATA = LibreTinyComponent(
 )
 
 
-def _set_core_data(config):
+def _set_core_data(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     CORE.data[KEY_LIBRETINY] = {}
     CORE.data[KEY_LIBRETINY][KEY_COMPONENT_DATA] = COMPONENT_DATA
     return config
@@ -62,12 +64,12 @@ PIN_SCHEMA = libretiny.gpio.BASE_PIN_SCHEMA
 CONFIG_SCHEMA.prepend_extra(_set_core_data)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     return await libretiny.component_to_code(config)
 
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register("bk72xx", PIN_SCHEMA)
-async def pin_to_code(config):
+async def pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     return await libretiny.gpio.component_pin_to_code(config)
 
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble/__init__.py
index 23f3d06184..74b9cb5954 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble/__init__.py
@@ -4,12 +4,15 @@ The platform analog of esp32_ble / rp2040_ble: owns the Beken BDK BLE stack
 bring-up and the controller BLE address. Consumers (bk72xx_ble_tracker) build
 on this component and contain no SDK calls of their own.
 
-Supported SoCs (BLE 5.x): BK7231N/BK7236 (BLE 5.1), BK7238/BK7252N/BK7253
-(BLE 5.2), and any future BLE-5.x SoC. Capability is detected at compile time,
-not by a chip list: the C++ guards on `__has_include("ble_api.h")` — the Beken
-BLE 5.x public API header, which the LibreTiny beken-72xx builder ships only
-for BLE-5.x SoCs. BK7231T/BK7251/BK7271 (BLE 4.2) and BK7231Q (no BLE) fail
-with a clear #error.
+Supported SoCs (BLE 5.x): BK7231N/BK7236 (BLE 5.1), BK7252N/BK7253 (BLE 5.2),
+and any future BLE-5.x SoC. BK7238 (BLE 5.2) is blocked for now: with BLE
+compiled in, the Beken SDK erases the bootloader flash sector at boot because
+LibreTiny's partition table has no BLE bonding entry (esphome#18646,
+libretiny-eu/libretiny#408). Known non-5.x families and BK7238 are rejected in
+to_code. Unknown families are capability-checked at compile time via
+`__has_include("app_ble.h")`, a header only on the BLE 5.x include path
+(ble_api.h ships for every SoC, so it cannot be the probe). A non-5.x build
+fails with a clear #error.
 
 No framework patch is needed: the LibreTiny beken-72xx builder already compiles
 and links the BLE 5.x stack (CFG_SUPPORT_BLE=1 + CFG_BLE_VERSION=BLE_VERSION_5_x;
@@ -21,9 +24,16 @@ import logging
 
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import libretiny
-from esphome.components.libretiny.const import FAMILY_BK7231N, FAMILY_BK7238
+from esphome.components.libretiny.const import (
+    FAMILY_BK7231N,
+    FAMILY_BK7231Q,
+    FAMILY_BK7231T,
+    FAMILY_BK7238,
+    FAMILY_BK7251,
+)
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ENABLE_ON_BOOT, CONF_ID
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["bk72xx"]
@@ -50,7 +60,39 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 request_scan_listener_slot = cg.slot_counter("BK72XX_BLE_SCAN_LISTENER_COUNT")
 
 
+def _unsupported_family_message(family: str) -> str | None:
+    if family in (FAMILY_BK7231T, FAMILY_BK7251):
+        return (
+            f"bk72xx_ble does not support {family}: this SoC has the Beken BLE 4.2 "
+            "stack; a BLE 5.x SoC such as BK7231N or BK7238 is required"
+        )
+    if family == FAMILY_BK7231Q:
+        return "bk72xx_ble does not support BK7231Q: this SoC has no BLE"
+    if family == FAMILY_BK7238:
+        return (
+            "bk72xx_ble is disabled on BK7238: with BLE compiled in, the Beken SDK "
+            "erases the bootloader flash sector at boot and the device can no longer "
+            "start (see https://github.com/esphome/esphome/issues/18646); support "
+            "returns once the LibreTiny partition table fix "
+            "(libretiny-eu/libretiny#408) is released"
+        )
+    return None
+
+
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    # Warn only: a hard error here would break the validate-only CI fixtures,
+    # which run on a BLE 4.2 board. The hard error is raised at codegen.
+    if msg := _unsupported_family_message(libretiny.get_libretiny_family()):
+        _LOGGER.warning("%s (this configuration cannot compile)", msg)
+
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
+
+
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    if msg := _unsupported_family_message(libretiny.get_libretiny_family()):
+        raise EsphomeError(msg)
+
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
@@ -82,18 +124,7 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # BK7231N, but NOT on BK7238 (its BLE stack has no such symbol; the address is
     # derived from the WiFi MAC instead — the BDK's own fallback). Tell the C++
     # which path is available so it doesn't reference a missing symbol.
-    family = libretiny.get_libretiny_family()
-    if family == FAMILY_BK7231N:
+    if libretiny.get_libretiny_family() == FAMILY_BK7231N:
         cg.add_define("BK72XX_BLE_HAS_COMMON_BDADDR")
-    elif family == FAMILY_BK7238:
-        # ESPHome's LibreTiny disables BLE on BK7238 because the SDK can hang at
-        # WiFi STA startup when BLE init runs. This component re-enables BLE, so
-        # warn loudly: BK7238 is accepted but not hardware-verified and may be
-        # WiFi-unstable with BLE on.
-        _LOGGER.warning(
-            "bk72xx_ble on BK7238: enabling BLE is known to risk a WiFi STA startup "
-            "hang on this family and is not yet hardware-verified. Expect possible "
-            "instability."
-        )
 
     cg.add_define("USE_BK72XX_BLE")
diff --git a/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble/bdk_scan.cpp b/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble/bdk_scan.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3192fc79d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble/bdk_scan.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+// Every SDK call the scan reconciler makes. The BDK's own start hardcodes
+// passive (the active bit is commented out in both stacks), so
+// bdk_scan_start() packs the GAPM_ACTIVITY_START_CMD itself, field-for-field
+// the SDK's app_ble_start_scaning() except that prop takes the mode, armed
+// through the SDK's own operation bookkeeping. The component pins
+// beken-bdk 3.0.78; the static asserts catch a layout change on a bump.
+
+#include "bdk_scan.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_BK72XX_BLE
+
+// Same SDK gate as bk72xx_ble.cpp (which carries the explanatory #error).
+#if !defined(CLANG_TIDY) && __has_include("ble_api.h") && __has_include("app_ble.h")
+
+extern "C" {
+#include "app_ble.h"     // app_ble_env, app_ble_run, app_ble_reset, actv_state_t,
+                         // app_ble_actv_state_get, app_ble_env_state_get,
+                         // app_ble_get_idle_actv_idx_handle, UNKNOW_ACT_IDX,
+                         // bk_ble_* (via ble_api_5_x.h)
+#include "kernel_msg.h"  // KERNEL_MSG_ALLOC, kernel_msg_send
+#if __has_include("gapm_msg.h")
+#include "gapm_msg.h"  // BLE 5.2 (BK7238/BK7252N): gapm_activity_start_cmd, GAPM_SCAN_*
+#else
+#include "gapm_task.h"  // BLE 5.1 (BK7231N/BK7236): same declarations, older header name
+#endif
+}
+
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::bk72xx_ble {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "bk72xx_ble";
+
+// Pin the SDK surface this file depends on: a beken-bdk bump that moves these
+// must fail the build, not corrupt the kernel message.
+static_assert(GAPM_SCAN_PROP_PHY_1M_BIT == (1 << 0) && GAPM_SCAN_PROP_ACTIVE_1M_BIT == (1 << 2) &&
+                  sizeof(struct gapm_scan_param) == 16 && sizeof(struct gapm_scan_wd_op_param) == 4,
+              "beken-bdk GAPM scan layout changed; revalidate bdk_scan_start() "
+              "against the SDK's app_ble_start_scaning()");
+static_assert(INVALID_ACTIVITY_IDX == UNKNOW_ACT_IDX,
+              "beken-bdk activity sentinel changed; revalidate the scan reconciler");
+static_assert(GAPM_REPORT_TYPE_SCAN_RSP_EXT == 2 && GAPM_REPORT_TYPE_SCAN_RSP_LEG == 3 &&
+                  GAPM_REPORT_INFO_SCAN_ADV_BIT == (1 << 5),
+              "beken-bdk GAPM report info changed; revalidate the tracker's demux constants");
+
+bool bdk_scan_ready() { return app_ble_env_state_get() == APP_BLE_READY; }
+
+BdkActivityState bdk_scan_state(uint8_t activity_idx) {
+  if (activity_idx == INVALID_ACTIVITY_IDX)
+    return BdkActivityState::IDLE;
+  switch (app_ble_actv_state_get(activity_idx)) {
+    case ACTV_IDLE:
+      return BdkActivityState::IDLE;
+    case ACTV_SCAN_CREATED:
+      return BdkActivityState::CREATED;
+    case ACTV_SCAN_STARTED:
+      return BdkActivityState::STARTED;
+    default:
+      return BdkActivityState::OTHER;
+  }
+}
+
+uint8_t bdk_scan_acquire_activity() {
+  uint8_t idx = app_ble_get_idle_actv_idx_handle(SCAN_ACTV);
+  if (idx == INVALID_ACTIVITY_IDX) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Scan start failed: no idle activity handle");
+  }
+  return idx;
+}
+
+BdkOpResult bdk_scan_create(uint8_t activity_idx) {
+  ble_err_t ret = bk_ble_create_scaning(activity_idx, nullptr);
+  if (ret == ERR_SUCCESS)
+    return BdkOpResult::OK;
+  if (ret == ERR_BLE_STATUS)
+    return BdkOpResult::BUSY;
+  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Scan activity create failed (err %d)", static_cast<int>(ret));
+  return BdkOpResult::FAILED;
+}
+
+BdkOpResult bdk_scan_start(uint8_t activity_idx, uint16_t interval, uint16_t window, bool active) {
+  app_ble_run(activity_idx, BLE_START_SCAN, 1 << BLE_OP_START_SCAN_POS, nullptr);
+  struct gapm_activity_start_cmd *cmd =
+      KERNEL_MSG_ALLOC(GAPM_ACTIVITY_START_CMD, TASK_BLE_GAPM, TASK_BLE_APP, gapm_activity_start_cmd);
+  if (cmd == nullptr) {
+    app_ble_reset();  // the SDK's own failure path for an unsent operation
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Scan start failed: kernel message allocation");
+    return BdkOpResult::FAILED;
+  }
+  cmd->operation = GAPM_START_ACTIVITY;
+  cmd->actv_idx = app_ble_env.actvs[activity_idx].gap_advt_idx;
+  cmd->u_param.scan_param.type = GAPM_SCAN_TYPE_OBSERVER;
+  cmd->u_param.scan_param.prop = GAPM_SCAN_PROP_PHY_1M_BIT | (active ? GAPM_SCAN_PROP_ACTIVE_1M_BIT : 0);
+  cmd->u_param.scan_param.scan_param_1m.scan_intv = interval;
+  cmd->u_param.scan_param.scan_param_1m.scan_wd = window;
+  cmd->u_param.scan_param.scan_param_coded.scan_intv = 0;
+  cmd->u_param.scan_param.scan_param_coded.scan_wd = 0;
+  cmd->u_param.scan_param.dup_filt_pol = 0;
+  cmd->u_param.scan_param.rsvd = 0;
+  cmd->u_param.scan_param.duration = 0;  // scan until stopped
+  cmd->u_param.scan_param.period = 10;   // matches the SDK's passive start
+  kernel_msg_send(cmd);
+  return BdkOpResult::OK;
+}
+
+BdkOpResult bdk_scan_release(uint8_t activity_idx, bool created, int *err_out) {
+  ble_err_t ret = created ? bk_ble_delete_scaning(activity_idx, nullptr) : bk_ble_scan_stop(activity_idx, nullptr);
+  *err_out = static_cast<int>(ret);
+  if (ret == ERR_SUCCESS)
+    return BdkOpResult::OK;
+  // DEBUG on purpose: the reconciler WARNs once per streak and the stuck
+  // ERROR carries this code — a per-retry ERROR would be unbounded.
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Scan release %s (err %d)", ret == ERR_BLE_STATUS ? "rejected" : "failed", static_cast<int>(ret));
+  return ret == ERR_BLE_STATUS ? BdkOpResult::BUSY : BdkOpResult::FAILED;
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::bk72xx_ble
+
+#endif  // !CLANG_TIDY && ble_api.h && app_ble.h
+#endif  // USE_BK72XX_BLE
diff --git a/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble/bdk_scan.h b/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble/bdk_scan.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..47bce2449d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble/bdk_scan.h
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_BK72XX_BLE
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace esphome::bk72xx_ble {
+
+/// Activity index value marking "no scan activity", the BDK's own convention
+/// (asserted against its symbol in bdk_scan.cpp).
+inline constexpr uint8_t INVALID_ACTIVITY_IDX = 0xFF;
+
+/// Scan-relevant controller activity states, read live from the SDK.
+enum class BdkActivityState : uint8_t {
+  IDLE,     ///< No activity (or one whose create failed).
+  CREATED,  ///< Created but not started.
+  STARTED,  ///< Scanning.
+  OTHER,    ///< A non-scan or transitional state; settles on a later read.
+};
+
+/// Outcome of a BDK scan operation request.
+enum class BdkOpResult : uint8_t {
+  OK,      ///< Accepted; completion is asynchronous.
+  BUSY,    ///< Another controller operation is in flight; retry later.
+  FAILED,  ///< Rejected.
+};
+
+/// True when no controller operation is in flight (APP_BLE_READY).
+bool bdk_scan_ready();
+/// Live state of the given activity; INVALID_ACTIVITY_IDX reads as IDLE.
+BdkActivityState bdk_scan_state(uint8_t activity_idx);
+/// Claim an idle activity slot; INVALID_ACTIVITY_IDX when none is free.
+uint8_t bdk_scan_acquire_activity();
+/// Create the scan activity (asynchronous); started once CREATED is observed.
+BdkOpResult bdk_scan_create(uint8_t activity_idx);
+/// Start a created activity: the packed GAPM start, taking the scan mode the
+/// BDK's own start path hardcodes away. Fire-and-forget; FAILED when the
+/// kernel message could not be allocated (the armed SDK operation is rolled
+/// back).
+BdkOpResult bdk_scan_start(uint8_t activity_idx, uint16_t interval, uint16_t window, bool active);
+/// Release the activity: delete when never started (a stop would be
+/// rejected), stop otherwise. BUSY on a transient rejection (retry), FAILED
+/// on any other error; err_out receives the SDK code (0 on success).
+/// Teardown is asynchronous — observe IDLE to confirm.
+BdkOpResult bdk_scan_release(uint8_t activity_idx, bool created, int *err_out);
+
+}  // namespace esphome::bk72xx_ble
+
+#endif  // USE_BK72XX_BLE
diff --git a/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble/bk72xx_ble.cpp b/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble/bk72xx_ble.cpp
index 69c7df0b96..7a4efff455 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble/bk72xx_ble.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble/bk72xx_ble.cpp
@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@
 // talks to the Beken BDK BLE stack:
 //   - one-time stack bring-up (ble_set_notice_cb() + ble_entry()),
 //   - the controller BLE address,
-//   - the raw controller scan primitives (bk_ble_scan_start/stop),
+//   - the scan reconciler (request, pacing, bring-up budget) over the
+//     bdk_scan surface,
 //   - the scan-report ring: the BDK notice callback (BLE task) takes a report
 //     from a fixed pool and pushes it on a lock-free SPSC queue; loop() drains,
 //     dispatches on the main task and returns reports to the pool — the same
@@ -20,32 +21,39 @@
 
 #include "bk72xx_ble.h"  // pulls esphome/core/defines.h for USE_BK72XX_BLE
 
+#include "bdk_scan.h"  // the raw BDK scan surface (state reads, starts, release)
+
 #ifdef USE_BK72XX_BLE
 
 #include <cstring>
 
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"  // get_mac_address_raw()
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // SDK-capability gate (not a chip allowlist).
-// This component drives the Beken BLE *5.x* controller via its public API,
-// `ble_api.h`, which the LibreTiny beken-72xx builder ships only for the
-// BLE-5.x SoCs (it selects the `ble_pub` 5.x stack from CFG_BLE_VERSION; the
-// 4.2 SoCs build a different, older API with no ble_api.h). Gate on the header
-// itself so any BLE-5.x Beken chip — present or future — is supported without a
-// hard-coded list, and a non-5.x build fails here with a clear message instead
-// of a cryptic "ble_api.h: No such file or directory".
+// This component drives the Beken BLE *5.x* controller. `ble_api.h` cannot be
+// the probe: it ships for every SoC (driver/include) and merely switches on
+// CFG_BLE_VERSION internally. `app_ble.h` is on the include path only when the
+// LibreTiny beken-72xx builder selects a 5.x stack, so gating on it supports
+// any BLE-5.x chip — present or future — without a hard-coded list, and a
+// non-5.x build fails here with a clear message instead of a cryptic
+// "app_ble.h: No such file or directory".
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #if defined(CLANG_TIDY)
 // The clang-tidy environment does not carry the full Beken BDK BLE 5.x API
 // (its ble_api.h variant lacks parts of the 5.x surface), so there is nothing
 // accurate to analyze the SDK calls against — skip the file under analysis.
 #define BK72XX_BLE_NO_SDK
-#elif !__has_include("ble_api.h")
+#elif !__has_include("ble_api.h") || !__has_include("app_ble.h")
+// Also skip the SDK body: #error does not stop the preprocessor, and on a 4.2
+// SoC ble_api.h exists, so without the guard the 5.x symbols would fail one by
+// one and bury this message.
+#define BK72XX_BLE_NO_SDK
 #error \
-    "bk72xx_ble requires a BLE 5.x Beken SDK (ble_api.h). Supported SoCs: BK7231N/BK7236 (BLE 5.1) and BK7238/BK7252N/BK7253 (BLE 5.2). BK7231T/BK7251/BK7271 (BLE 4.2) and BK7231Q (no BLE) are not supported."
+    "bk72xx_ble requires a BLE 5.x Beken SDK (app_ble.h). Supported SoCs: BK7231N/BK7236 (BLE 5.1) and BK7238/BK7252N/BK7253 (BLE 5.2). BK7231T/BK7251/BK7271 (BLE 4.2) and BK7231Q (no BLE) are not supported."
 #endif
 
 #ifndef BK72XX_BLE_NO_SDK
@@ -57,9 +65,8 @@
 // are C headers consumed from C++ (a standard C-header-from-C++ pattern).
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 extern "C" {
-#include "ble_api.h"  // bk_ble_scan_start/stop, ble_entry, ble_set_notice_cb,
-                      // app_ble_get_idle_actv_idx_handle, struct scan_param,
-                      // recv_adv_t, ble_notice_t, BLE_5_REPORT_ADV, SCAN_ACTV
+#include "ble_api.h"  // ble_set_notice_cb, recv_adv_t, ble_notice_t,
+                      // BLE_5_REPORT_ADV (scan primitives live in bdk_scan.cpp)
 #ifdef BK72XX_BLE_HAS_COMMON_BDADDR
 #include "common_bt_defines.h"  // struct bd_addr
 // The controller's public BLE address, populated by the BDK during ble_entry().
@@ -76,6 +83,12 @@ namespace esphome::bk72xx_ble {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "bk72xx_ble";
 
+static constexpr uint32_t RECONCILE_RETRY_MS = 10;              // pump floor for fast loops
+static constexpr uint32_t RECONCILE_REJECTED_RETRY_MS = 500;    // retry gate after a rejected release
+static constexpr uint32_t RECONCILE_PENDING_TIMEOUT_MS = 2000;  // bring-up budget before FAILED
+static constexpr uint32_t SCAN_LIVENESS_CHECK_MS = 1000;        // settled-scan re-check cadence
+static constexpr uint32_t TEARDOWN_STUCK_ERROR_MS = 30000;      // stuck-teardown ERROR (stop also goes FAILED)
+
 // The BDK notice callback is a plain C function pointer with no user argument,
 // so it reaches the (single) component instance through a file-static pointer.
 static BK72xxBLE *s_ble = nullptr;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
@@ -95,21 +108,22 @@ static void ble_notice_callback(ble_notice_t notice, void *param) {
   const recv_adv_t *info = reinterpret_cast<const recv_adv_t *>(param);
   // rssi is a signed dBm carried in a uint8_t; cast through int8_t (standard for
   // a signed dBm value packed in a uint8_t).
-  s_ble->enqueue_scan_report(info->adv_addr, static_cast<int8_t>(info->rssi), info->adv_addr_type, info->data,
-                             info->data_len);
+  s_ble->enqueue_scan_report(info->adv_addr, static_cast<int8_t>(info->rssi), info->adv_addr_type,
+                             static_cast<uint8_t>(info->evt_type), info->data, info->data_len);
 }
 
-void BK72xxBLE::enqueue_scan_report(const uint8_t *mac, int8_t rssi, uint8_t addr_type, const uint8_t *data,
-                                    uint16_t data_len) {
+void BK72xxBLE::enqueue_scan_report(const uint8_t *mac, int8_t rssi, uint8_t addr_type, uint8_t evt_type,
+                                    const uint8_t *data, uint16_t data_len) {
   BLEScanReport *report = this->report_pool_.allocate();
   if (report == nullptr) {
     // Pool exhausted — the queue is full; count and drop.
     this->report_queue_.increment_dropped_count();
     return;
   }
-  memcpy(report->mac, mac, 6);
+  memcpy(report->mac, mac, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE);
   report->rssi = rssi;
   report->addr_type = addr_type;
+  report->evt_type = evt_type;
   report->data_len =
       (data_len <= sizeof(report->data)) ? static_cast<uint8_t>(data_len) : static_cast<uint8_t>(sizeof(report->data));
   memcpy(report->data, data, report->data_len);
@@ -123,6 +137,9 @@ void BK72xxBLE::enqueue_scan_report(const uint8_t *mac, int8_t rssi, uint8_t add
 
 void BK72xxBLE::setup() {
   s_ble = this;
+  // The report pool grows lazily on purpose: the BDK notice callback runs in
+  // task context (malloc-safe, unlike rp2040's IRQ path), and typical traffic
+  // stays far below the pool cap, so not warming contains RAM.
   // Resolve the MAC early so get_mac_lsb_first() is valid for consumers before
   // the stack is up (it is re-read once ble_entry() has run).
   this->resolve_mac_();
@@ -164,8 +181,9 @@ void BK72xxBLE::enable() {
       break;
     }
   }
-  if (!bdaddr_live)
+  if (!bdaddr_live) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Controller address still unset after init; BLE stack may not have started");
+  }
 #endif
 
   this->state_ = BLEComponentState::ACTIVE;
@@ -173,6 +191,31 @@ void BK72xxBLE::enable() {
 }
 
 void BK72xxBLE::loop() {
+  // Keep reconciling toward the requested scan state (e.g. complete a stop
+  // that arrived while a controller operation was in flight), and re-check a
+  // settled scan at low frequency: a controller-side drop re-enters the
+  // bring-up, and the budget's FAILED feeds the tracker's recovery.
+  // Keep driving until settled: any PENDING, plus a terminal stop whose slot
+  // must still be freed. A FAILED scan request is the one combination not
+  // re-driven here — that belongs to the tracker's backoff.
+  const uint32_t pump_now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+  if (this->last_result_ == ScanOpResult::PENDING ||
+      (!this->scan_wanted_ && this->last_result_ == ScanOpResult::FAILED)) {
+    const uint32_t gate = (this->release_warned_ || this->last_result_ == ScanOpResult::FAILED)
+                              ? RECONCILE_REJECTED_RETRY_MS
+                              : RECONCILE_RETRY_MS;
+    if (pump_now - this->last_advance_ms_ >= gate)
+      this->advance_();
+  } else if (this->scan_wanted_ && this->last_result_ == ScanOpResult::SETTLED &&
+             pump_now - this->last_advance_ms_ >= SCAN_LIVENESS_CHECK_MS) {
+    // Re-check a settled scan; scan_start() refills the bring-up budget.
+    // WARN: the only report of a drop that recovers inside its budget.
+    if (this->scan_start(this->requested_.interval, this->requested_.window, this->requested_.active) !=
+        ScanOpResult::SETTLED) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Controller dropped the scan; restarting");
+    }
+  }
+
   // Drain the lock-free ring filled by the BLE task; all per-report work runs
   // here on the main task, then the report returns to the pool.
   BLEScanReport *report = this->report_queue_.pop();
@@ -189,11 +232,12 @@ void BK72xxBLE::loop() {
   // Log dropped reports — only reachable when reports were processed; drops can
   // only occur while the queue is full, and only this loop drains it.
   uint16_t dropped = this->report_queue_.get_and_reset_dropped_count();
-  if (dropped > 0)
+  if (dropped > 0) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Dropped %u scan reports due to queue overflow", dropped);
+  }
 }
 
-void BK72xxBLE::get_mac_lsb_first(uint8_t out[6]) const {
+void BK72xxBLE::get_mac_lsb_first(uint8_t out[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE]) const {
   for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
     out[i] = this->ble_mac_[i];
 }
@@ -226,7 +270,7 @@ void BK72xxBLE::resolve_mac_() {
     }
   }
   if (nonzero) {
-    memcpy(this->ble_mac_, common_default_bdaddr.addr, 6);
+    memcpy(this->ble_mac_, common_default_bdaddr.addr, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE);
     return;
   }
 #endif
@@ -238,54 +282,240 @@ void BK72xxBLE::resolve_mac_() {
   // (verified against the BK7231N BLE-5.1 and BK7252N/BK7238 BLE-5.2 SDK sources), so it
   // matches on every device, including the last-byte == 0xFF edge that a 24-bit increment
   // would carry differently.
-  uint8_t wifi_mac[6];
+  uint8_t wifi_mac[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];
   get_mac_address_raw(wifi_mac);  // MSB-first
-  const uint8_t ble[6] = {wifi_mac[0], wifi_mac[1], wifi_mac[2],
-                          wifi_mac[3], wifi_mac[4], static_cast<uint8_t>(wifi_mac[5] + 1)};
+  const uint8_t ble[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE] = {wifi_mac[0], wifi_mac[1], wifi_mac[2],
+                                         wifi_mac[3], wifi_mac[4], static_cast<uint8_t>(wifi_mac[5] + 1)};
   // Store LSB-first to match recv_adv_t adv_addr ordering.
   for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
     this->ble_mac_[i] = ble[5 - i];
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Controller scan primitives
+// Scan reconciler
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-bool BK72xxBLE::scan_start(uint16_t interval, uint16_t window) {
+// Episode boundary: fresh teardown deadline and error bookkeeping.
+void BK72xxBLE::reset_teardown_episode_() {
+  this->teardown_since_ms_ = 0;
+  this->restarting_ = false;
+  this->last_release_err_ = 0;
+}
+
+ScanOpResult BK72xxBLE::scan_start(uint16_t interval, uint16_t window, bool active) {
   if (!this->is_active())
     this->enable();
 
-  if (this->scan_actv_idx_ != 0xFF) {
-    // Already scanning — stop first so this call cleanly restarts with the new
-    // parameters (the BDK cannot start a second scan on a busy activity).
-    this->scan_stop();
+  const ScanParams params{active, interval, window};
+  // A new episode refills the budget and gets a fresh teardown deadline; a
+  // re-call observing an in-flight bring-up (last result PENDING) must not.
+  if (this->last_result_ != ScanOpResult::PENDING || !this->scan_wanted_ || params != this->requested_) {
+    this->pending_since_ms_ = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+    this->reset_teardown_episode_();
   }
+  this->scan_wanted_ = true;
+  this->requested_ = params;
+  return this->advance_();
+}
 
-  struct scan_param sp;
-  memset(&sp, 0, sizeof(sp));
-  sp.channel_map = 7;  // advertising channels 37/38/39
-  sp.interval = interval;
-  sp.window = window;
+void BK72xxBLE::scan_stop() {
+  if (this->scan_wanted_) {
+    // A stamp inherited from a stuck restart would fail the stop on its
+    // first advance.
+    this->reset_teardown_episode_();
+  }
+  this->scan_wanted_ = false;
+  this->advance_();
+}
 
-  this->scan_actv_idx_ = app_ble_get_idle_actv_idx_handle(SCAN_ACTV);
-  if (this->scan_actv_idx_ == 0xFF) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Scan start failed: no idle activity handle");
+bool BK72xxBLE::flush_pending_stop(uint32_t timeout_ms) {
+  // millis() on both sides: the loop clock is frozen while this blocks.
+  const uint32_t start = millis();
+  while (!this->scan_wanted_ && this->last_result_ == ScanOpResult::PENDING) {
+    if (millis() - start >= timeout_ms)
+      return false;
+    delay(RECONCILE_RETRY_MS);
+    this->advance_();
+  }
+  return this->last_result_ == ScanOpResult::SETTLED;
+}
+
+// Teardown is asynchronous: the handle is kept until an IDLE observation
+// confirms the radio is idle. A rejection WARNs once per failure streak and
+// widens the pump gate; the epilogue owns the stuck-teardown deadline.
+void BK72xxBLE::release_activity_(BdkActivityState state) {
+  const BdkOpResult result =
+      bdk_scan_release(this->scan_activity_idx_, state == BdkActivityState::CREATED, &this->last_release_err_);
+  if (result == BdkOpResult::OK) {
+    this->release_warned_ = false;
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!this->release_warned_) {
+    // A hard error carries its code immediately; the 30 s stuck ERROR follows
+    // if it persists.
+    if (result == BdkOpResult::FAILED) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Scan activity release failed (err %d); retrying", this->last_release_err_);
+    } else {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Scan activity release rejected; retrying");
+    }
+    this->release_warned_ = true;
+  }
+}
+
+// Stamp/track the teardown episode; once past the deadline, ERROR (re-logged
+// each interval) and report stuck.
+bool BK72xxBLE::teardown_stuck_(uint32_t now) {
+  if (this->teardown_since_ms_ == 0) {
+    this->teardown_since_ms_ = now;
+    this->teardown_stuck_log_ms_ = now;  // first ERROR fires at the deadline
     return false;
   }
-  ble_err_t ret = bk_ble_scan_start(this->scan_actv_idx_, &sp, nullptr);
-  if (ret != ERR_SUCCESS) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Scan start failed (err %d)", static_cast<int>(ret));
-    this->scan_actv_idx_ = 0xFF;
+  if (now - this->teardown_since_ms_ < TEARDOWN_STUCK_ERROR_MS)
     return false;
+  if (now - this->teardown_stuck_log_ms_ >= TEARDOWN_STUCK_ERROR_MS) {
+    if (this->last_release_err_ != 0) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Scan teardown cannot proceed; scanner is stuck (release err %d)", this->last_release_err_);
+    } else {
+      // No rejected release this episode: stuck waiting on the controller.
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Scan teardown cannot proceed; scanner is stuck (controller busy)");
+    }
+    this->teardown_stuck_log_ms_ = now;
   }
   return true;
 }
 
-void BK72xxBLE::scan_stop() {
-  if (this->scan_actv_idx_ != 0xFF) {
-    bk_ble_scan_stop(this->scan_actv_idx_, nullptr);
-    this->scan_actv_idx_ = 0xFF;
+// One SDK operation per call toward the latched request; controller state is
+// read live each time (it changes on the BLE task, so nothing is mirrored).
+// The epilogue owns all deadlines and episode bookkeeping.
+ScanOpResult BK72xxBLE::advance_() {
+  if (!this->scan_wanted_ && this->scan_activity_idx_ == INVALID_ACTIVITY_IDX) {
+    // Nothing to do; also keeps SDK reads off the pre-enable() path.
+    this->last_result_ = ScanOpResult::SETTLED;
+    return ScanOpResult::SETTLED;
   }
+  const BdkActivityState state = bdk_scan_state(this->scan_activity_idx_);
+  const bool ready = bdk_scan_ready();
+  ScanOpResult result = this->scan_wanted_ ? this->advance_start_(state, ready) : this->advance_stop_(state, ready);
+
+  const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+  this->last_advance_ms_ = now;
+  if (result == ScanOpResult::SETTLED || (state == BdkActivityState::IDLE && ready)) {
+    // Any teardown episode is over (IDLE observed with the controller
+    // settled, or e.g. a mode flip that settled back without ever reaching
+    // IDLE). An IDLE read while an operation is in flight proves nothing —
+    // a stop deferred there must keep its episode running.
+    this->reset_teardown_episode_();
+    this->release_warned_ = false;
+  }
+  if (this->restarting_ && (state == BdkActivityState::IDLE || state == BdkActivityState::CREATED)) {
+    // The mode-change release is observed complete; the rest is a normal
+    // bring-up on a fresh budget.
+    this->restarting_ = false;
+    this->pending_since_ms_ = now;
+  }
+  // Not chained to the clear above: a bring-up waiting at IDLE (create still
+  // in flight) must keep spending its budget.
+  if (result == ScanOpResult::PENDING) {
+    if (this->scan_wanted_ && state != BdkActivityState::STARTED && !this->restarting_) {
+      // A downed radio spends the bring-up budget; exhausting it hands
+      // recovery to the tracker's backoff.
+      if (now - this->pending_since_ms_ >= RECONCILE_PENDING_TIMEOUT_MS) {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Scan bring-up did not settle; giving up until the next start");
+        result = ScanOpResult::FAILED;
+      }
+    } else {
+      // A teardown is pending: a stop, or a mode-change release still in
+      // flight (restarting_); either way the bring-up budget waits.
+      if (this->scan_wanted_)
+        this->pending_since_ms_ = now;
+      if (this->teardown_stuck_(now)) {
+        // Terminal for stop AND restart: the tracker's backoff owns recovery
+        // (a stop's release keeps re-driving from loop(); a restart is
+        // re-requested through scan_start() with a fresh deadline).
+        result = ScanOpResult::FAILED;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  this->last_result_ = result;
+  return result;
+}
+
+ScanOpResult BK72xxBLE::advance_stop_(BdkActivityState state, bool ready) {
+  if (state == BdkActivityState::IDLE && ready) {
+    // Fully torn down (or never created): the radio is idle. IDLE is trusted
+    // only when the controller is settled — mid-create the slot still reads
+    // IDLE, and dropping the handle then would leak the activity once the
+    // create lands.
+    this->scan_activity_idx_ = INVALID_ACTIVITY_IDX;
+    return ScanOpResult::SETTLED;
+  }
+  if (!ready) {
+    // Acting mid-operation could delete an activity whose start lands
+    // afterwards, leaking the slot with the radio on; wait.
+    if (this->last_result_ == ScanOpResult::SETTLED) {
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Scan stop deferred (controller busy)");
+    }
+    return ScanOpResult::PENDING;
+  }
+  // Settled, so CREATED unambiguously means "never started".
+  this->release_activity_(state);
+  return ScanOpResult::PENDING;  // confirmed once IDLE is observed
+}
+
+ScanOpResult BK72xxBLE::advance_start_(BdkActivityState state, bool ready) {
+  if (state == BdkActivityState::STARTED) {
+    if (this->applied_ == this->requested_)
+      return ScanOpResult::SETTLED;
+    // Running with different mode or parameters: tear down (the SDK stop
+    // chain also deletes the activity) and recreate on a later advance.
+    if (ready) {
+      this->release_activity_(state);
+      // Invalidate so a flip back to the old params cannot SETTLE against the
+      // activity being deleted (interval 0 never matches a real request).
+      this->applied_.interval = 0;
+      this->restarting_ = true;
+    }
+    return ScanOpResult::PENDING;
+  }
+  if (!ready) {
+    if (this->last_result_ == ScanOpResult::SETTLED) {
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Scan start deferred (controller busy)");
+    }
+    return ScanOpResult::PENDING;
+  }
+  if (state == BdkActivityState::CREATED) {
+    // Fire-and-forget: SETTLED only once a later advance observes the scan
+    // running, so a rejected start is retried rather than silently dead. On
+    // failure the created activity is intact; keep the handle.
+    if (bdk_scan_start(this->scan_activity_idx_, this->requested_.interval, this->requested_.window,
+                       this->requested_.active) != BdkOpResult::OK)
+      return ScanOpResult::FAILED;
+    this->applied_ = this->requested_;
+    return ScanOpResult::PENDING;
+  }
+  if (state == BdkActivityState::OTHER)
+    return ScanOpResult::PENDING;  // transitional; settles on a later read
+
+  // IDLE and ready: acquire a slot and create. A kept index is deliberately
+  // reused: SDK delete returns the slot to idle and create requires an idle
+  // slot, so it equals a fresh acquire — while clearing here would orphan a
+  // create still in flight (the BUSY race below).
+  if (this->scan_activity_idx_ == INVALID_ACTIVITY_IDX) {
+    this->scan_activity_idx_ = bdk_scan_acquire_activity();
+    if (this->scan_activity_idx_ == INVALID_ACTIVITY_IDX)
+      return ScanOpResult::FAILED;
+  }
+  switch (bdk_scan_create(this->scan_activity_idx_)) {
+    case BdkOpResult::BUSY:  // raced the BLE task; keep the index, the retry resumes this slot
+    case BdkOpResult::OK:
+      return ScanOpResult::PENDING;
+    case BdkOpResult::FAILED:
+      break;
+  }
+  // Safe to clear (unlike BUSY): acquire is a pure search, so a rejected
+  // create leaves the slot IDLE for re-acquire.
+  this->scan_activity_idx_ = INVALID_ACTIVITY_IDX;
+  return ScanOpResult::FAILED;
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::bk72xx_ble
diff --git a/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble/bk72xx_ble.h b/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble/bk72xx_ble.h
index 4e615af159..687fd396e4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble/bk72xx_ble.h
+++ b/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble/bk72xx_ble.h
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@
 
 #include <cstdint>
 
+#include "bdk_scan.h"
+
 namespace esphome::bk72xx_ble {
 
 enum class BLEComponentState : uint8_t {
@@ -19,11 +21,32 @@ enum class BLEComponentState : uint8_t {
   ACTIVE,
 };
 
+/// Outcome of one reconciliation step.
+enum class ScanOpResult : uint8_t {
+  SETTLED,  ///< The request is reached: scan observed running, or stopped
+            ///< with the activity fully released.
+  PENDING,  ///< A step is in flight; loop() keeps advancing — call
+            ///< scan_start() again to learn the outcome.
+  FAILED,   ///< The controller rejected a step; retry later.
+};
+
+/// One scan request: mode plus timing, in BLE units (0.625 ms).
+struct ScanParams {
+  bool active;
+  uint16_t interval;
+  uint16_t window;
+  bool operator==(const ScanParams &) const = default;
+};
+
 /// One advertisement report from the controller.
 struct BLEScanReport {
-  uint8_t mac[6];  // LSB-first, as the controller delivers it
-  int8_t rssi;     // signed dBm
+  uint8_t mac[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];  // LSB-first, as the controller delivers it
+  int8_t rssi;                    // signed dBm
   uint8_t addr_type;
+  // GAPM report info byte (recv_adv_t.evt_type): bits 0-2 report type
+  // (1 = legacy adv, 3 = legacy scan response), bit 5 scannable — lets the
+  // tracker's merger tell the two frames apart.
+  uint8_t evt_type;
   uint8_t data_len;  // bytes valid in data[]
   uint8_t data[62];  // legacy advertisement (31) + scan response (31)
 
@@ -60,7 +83,7 @@ class BK72xxBLE final : public Component {
   void set_enable_on_boot(bool enable_on_boot) { this->enable_on_boot_ = enable_on_boot; }
 
   /// Controller BLE address, least-significant octet first (BLE convention).
-  void get_mac_lsb_first(uint8_t out[6]) const;
+  void get_mac_lsb_first(uint8_t out[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE]) const;
 
 #ifdef BK72XX_BLE_SCAN_LISTENER_COUNT
   /// Register a consumer for scan reports (delivered on the main task via loop()).
@@ -69,18 +92,33 @@ class BK72xxBLE final : public Component {
   void register_scan_listener(BLEScanListener *listener) { this->scan_listeners_.push_back(listener); }
 #endif
 
-  /// Start the controller scan. Interval/window are in BLE units (0.625 ms).
-  /// Enables the stack first if needed. Returns false on controller failure.
-  bool scan_start(uint16_t interval, uint16_t window);
-  /// Stop the controller scan (no-op when not scanning).
+  /// Request a scan (interval/window in 0.625 ms BLE units); enables the
+  /// stack first if needed. PENDING until the scan is observed running —
+  /// loop() keeps advancing, call again to learn the outcome.
+  ScanOpResult scan_start(uint16_t interval, uint16_t window, bool active);
+  /// Request the scanner stopped and the activity released; steps that
+  /// cannot run yet are completed from loop().
   void scan_stop();
+  /// Drive a requested stop until the radio is observed idle, bounded by
+  /// timeout_ms (for OTA). Returns false if it still has not settled.
+  bool flush_pending_stop(uint32_t timeout_ms);
+  /// Last reconciliation outcome; on FAILED the consumer's retry policy owns
+  /// recovery.
+  ScanOpResult last_scan_result() const { return this->last_result_; }
 
   /// Internal: buffer one controller report (BDK notice callback, BLE task
   /// context — bounded copy under the scheduler lock, nothing else).
-  void enqueue_scan_report(const uint8_t *mac, int8_t rssi, uint8_t addr_type, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t data_len);
+  void enqueue_scan_report(const uint8_t *mac, int8_t rssi, uint8_t addr_type, uint8_t evt_type, const uint8_t *data,
+                           uint16_t data_len);
 
  protected:
   void resolve_mac_();
+  ScanOpResult advance_();
+  ScanOpResult advance_stop_(BdkActivityState state, bool ready);
+  ScanOpResult advance_start_(BdkActivityState state, bool ready);
+  bool teardown_stuck_(uint32_t now);
+  void reset_teardown_episode_();
+  void release_activity_(BdkActivityState state);
 
 #ifdef BK72XX_BLE_SCAN_LISTENER_COUNT
   // Codegen-sized: no heap allocation, no std::vector template instantiation —
@@ -95,10 +133,24 @@ class BK72xxBLE final : public Component {
   // allocate() returns nullptr before push() can fail. This prevents leaking a
   // pool slot on a failed push and keeps release() off the producer path.
   esphome::EventPool<BLEScanReport, MAX_SCAN_REPORT_QUEUE_SIZE - 1> report_pool_;
-  uint8_t ble_mac_[6]{0};  // LSB-first (BLE convention)
-  uint8_t scan_actv_idx_{0xFF};
-  BLEComponentState state_{BLEComponentState::STATE_OFF};
+  // Largest-to-smallest: padding only at the tail, absorbed by future byte fields.
+  uint32_t last_advance_ms_{0};
+  uint32_t pending_since_ms_{0};          // bring-up budget anchor; refilled on request change
+  uint32_t teardown_since_ms_{0};         // unfinished teardown episode start; 0 = none
+  uint32_t teardown_stuck_log_ms_{0};     // last stuck-teardown ERROR; re-logged each TEARDOWN_STUCK_ERROR_MS
+  int last_release_err_{0};               // SDK code of the episode's last failed release; 0 = none
+  ScanParams requested_{};                // latched by scan_start()
+  ScanParams applied_{};                  // last params we commanded; mismatch with requested_ restarts
+  uint8_t ble_mac_[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE]{0};  // LSB-first (BLE convention)
+  uint8_t scan_activity_idx_{INVALID_ACTIVITY_IDX};
+  bool scan_wanted_{false};     // the latched request is to scan (vs stopped)
+  bool release_warned_{false};  // gates the release WARN; widens the pump gate
+  bool restarting_{false};      // mode-change release in flight; teardown deadline governs until released
   bool enable_on_boot_{false};
+  // PENDING means advance_() has more to do; loop() drives it, paced and
+  // (for a bring-up) bounded.
+  ScanOpResult last_result_{ScanOpResult::SETTLED};
+  BLEComponentState state_{BLEComponentState::STATE_OFF};
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::bk72xx_ble
diff --git a/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/__init__.py
index e7f8ed92ba..96b3536601 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/__init__.py
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ from esphome.components.ble_device_base import automation as ble_automation
 from esphome.components.const import CONF_ON_SCAN_END, CONF_SCAN_PARAMETERS, CONF_WINDOW
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ACTIVE,
     CONF_CONTINUOUS,
     CONF_DURATION,
     CONF_ID,
@@ -144,6 +145,12 @@ async def stop_scan_action_to_code(
 
 
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    # Selects the BLEHub alias arm in ble_device_base/ble_hub_impl.h.
+    cg.add_define("USE_BK72XX_BLE_TRACKER")
+    # Compiles the shared adv + scan-response merge (the BDK delivers the pair
+    # as separate reports).
+    cg.add_define("USE_BLE_SCAN_RESPONSE_MERGER")
+
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
@@ -161,6 +168,7 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add(var.set_scan_window(ble_device_base.to_ble_units(scan[CONF_WINDOW])))
     cg.add(var.set_scan_duration(scan[CONF_DURATION].total_milliseconds))
     cg.add(var.set_configured_continuous(scan[CONF_CONTINUOUS]))
+    cg.add(var.set_scan_active(scan[CONF_ACTIVE]))
 
     for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_BLE_ADVERTISE, []):
         await ble_automation.advertise_trigger_to_code(conf, var)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/bk72xx_ble_tracker.cpp b/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/bk72xx_ble_tracker.cpp
index c859f22c61..0939e1259f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/bk72xx_ble_tracker.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/bk72xx_ble_tracker.cpp
@@ -9,10 +9,9 @@
 
 #include "bk72xx_ble_tracker.h"
 
-#include <algorithm>
 #include <cinttypes>
 
-#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 namespace esphome::bk72xx_ble_tracker {
@@ -27,6 +26,15 @@ static const char *const TAG = "bk72xx_ble_tracker";
 // a single WARN is emitted when the retry interval first saturates.
 static constexpr uint32_t SCAN_START_RETRY_MS = 1000;
 static constexpr uint8_t SCAN_START_RETRY_MAX_DOUBLINGS = 6;  // 1 s << 6 = 64 s
+// Stable-run time before the failure streak clears; reset-on-start would keep
+// a flapping controller at the 1 s gate.
+static constexpr uint32_t SCAN_STABLE_RESET_MS = 30000;
+
+// Radio-idle deadline for the bounded stop drain at OTA start.
+static constexpr uint32_t OTA_STOP_FLUSH_MS = 100;
+
+// 0.625 ms BLE units; integer math avoids soft-float on this FPU-less part.
+constexpr uint32_t ble_units_to_ms(uint32_t units) { return units * 5 / 8; }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Component lifecycle
@@ -36,11 +44,20 @@ void BK72xxBLETracker::setup() {
   // Receive the controller's scan reports; the controller queues them from the
   // BLE task and delivers here on the main task.
   this->parent_->register_scan_listener(this);
+  // Merged (and unmerged) frames go to the shared dispatcher; unclaimed
+  // devices are logged only on one-shot scans (continuous would spam).
+  this->merger_.bind(&this->dispatcher_, &this->scan_continuous_, TAG);
 #ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
   // Pause scanning while an OTA update is in flight — on the single-core BK72xx the
   // BLE scan competes with the OTA flash writes. Mirrors esp32_ble_tracker.
   ota::get_global_ota_callback()->add_global_state_listener(this);
 #endif
+  // scan_requested_ check: an on_boot start_scan latched before this setup()
+  // must keep the retry loop running (rp2/ln882h parity).
+  if (!this->scan_continuous_ && !this->scan_requested_) {
+    // Nothing to time until an explicit start_scan(); it re-enables the loop.
+    this->disable_loop();
+  }
 }
 
 #ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
@@ -50,30 +67,55 @@ void BK72xxBLETracker::on_ota_global_state(ota::OTAState state, float progress,
     this->scan_continuous_before_ota_ = this->scan_continuous_;
     this->scan_requested_before_ota_ = this->scan_requested_;
     this->stop_scan();
+    // The transfer starves the loop; a deferred stop would leave the radio
+    // scanning for the whole update, so drain it here, bounded.
+    if (!this->parent_->flush_pending_stop(OTA_STOP_FLUSH_MS)) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Scan still stopping at OTA start; the radio may contend with the update");
+    }
   } else if (state == ota::OTA_ERROR || state == ota::OTA_ABORT) {
     // On success the device reboots, so restore only on a failed/aborted update;
     // loop() restarts the scan on its next iteration (continuous idle branch).
     if (this->scan_continuous_before_ota_) {
       this->scan_continuous_before_ota_ = false;
       this->scan_continuous_ = true;
+      this->enable_loop();  // stop_scan() parked it
     }
     // A one-shot request that was still pending (latched, retrying) when the
     // OTA paused scanning is re-latched, not dropped — loop() resumes the retry.
     if (this->scan_requested_before_ota_) {
       this->scan_requested_before_ota_ = false;
       this->scan_requested_ = true;
+      this->enable_loop();
     }
   }
 }
 #endif  // USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
 
 void BK72xxBLETracker::loop() {
-  const uint32_t now = millis();
+  const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+
+  // Deliver held scannable advertisements whose scan response never arrived —
+  // unmerged after the merger's timeout.
+  if (!this->merger_.empty())
+    this->merger_.sweep(now);
+
+  // Before the drop branch: a drop after a stable run starts a fresh streak.
+  if (this->scan_running_ && this->failed_start_count_ != 0 && now - this->scan_start_time_ >= SCAN_STABLE_RESET_MS)
+    this->failed_start_count_ = 0;
+
+  // A terminal failure while we report running recovers via the normal retry
+  // path; the drop charges the backoff so a flapping controller escalates.
+  if (this->scan_running_ && this->parent_->last_scan_result() == bk72xx_ble::ScanOpResult::FAILED) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Controller scan lost; retrying");
+    this->scan_requested_ = true;
+    this->count_failed_start_();
+    this->mark_scan_ended_(now);
+  }
+
   if (this->scan_continuous_) {
     if (!this->scan_running_) {
-      // A start that succeeded re-anchored the period timer from a later millis(),
-      // so the stale `now` below would underflow the comparison and fire
-      // on_scan_end() for a scan that just began. Resume next iteration.
+      // One-iteration deferral; all stamps share this iteration's cached
+      // timestamp, so the period check below cannot underflow.
       if (this->try_start_with_backoff_(now))
         return;
     }
@@ -81,11 +123,7 @@ void BK72xxBLETracker::loop() {
     // esp32_ble_tracker::cleanup_scan_state_(). Gated on scan_started_once_ so a scan
     // that never came up (start kept failing) does not fire spurious on_scan_end events.
     if (this->scan_started_once_ && now - this->scan_period_start_ >= this->scan_duration_) {
-#ifdef ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT
-      for (auto *listener : this->listeners_)
-        listener->on_scan_end();
-      this->discovered_log_.clear();  // reset per-scan "Found device" dedup (esp32_ble_tracker parity)
-#endif
+      this->fire_scan_end_();
       this->scan_period_start_ = now;
     }
     return;
@@ -99,13 +137,14 @@ void BK72xxBLETracker::loop() {
   // would be silent: the scan never runs, stop_scan_() is never reached and
   // on_scan_end() never fires, leaving period-keyed consumers waiting forever.
   if (this->scan_requested_ && !this->scan_running_) {
-    // Same stale-`now` hazard as the continuous branch: start_scan_() stamps
-    // scan_start_time_ from a later millis(), so the duration check below would
-    // underflow and stop the scan in the iteration that started it.
+    // Same one-iteration deferral as the continuous branch.
     if (this->try_start_with_backoff_(now))
       return;
   }
   if (this->scan_running_ && now - this->scan_start_time_ >= this->scan_duration_) {
+    // A full-duration run proves the controller healthy even when duration is
+    // shorter than SCAN_STABLE_RESET_MS.
+    this->failed_start_count_ = 0;
     this->stop_scan_();
   }
 }
@@ -122,32 +161,54 @@ bool BK72xxBLETracker::try_start_with_backoff_(uint32_t now, bool force) {
   // even user-initiated attempts respect the backoff, so a start_scan() action
   // on a short cadence cannot hammer a failing controller; the attempt stays
   // inside the failure accounting below either way.
-  const uint8_t doublings = std::min<uint8_t>(this->failed_start_count_, SCAN_START_RETRY_MAX_DOUBLINGS);
-  if ((!force || this->failed_start_count_ != 0) &&
-      now - this->last_scan_start_attempt_ < (SCAN_START_RETRY_MS << doublings))
+  // Mid bring-up, observe instead of re-issuing (the hub self-advances). A
+  // SETTLED outcome completes immediately; only fresh attempts after FAILED
+  // are rate-limited.
+  const auto hub = this->parent_->last_scan_result();
+  if (hub == bk72xx_ble::ScanOpResult::PENDING)
     return false;
-  this->last_scan_start_attempt_ = now;
+  if (hub == bk72xx_ble::ScanOpResult::FAILED) {
+    if (this->start_attempt_open_) {
+      // Our bring-up gave up asynchronously; charge it to the backoff.
+      this->start_attempt_open_ = false;
+      this->count_failed_start_();
+    }
+    if ((!force || this->failed_start_count_ != 0) &&
+        now - this->last_scan_start_attempt_ < (SCAN_START_RETRY_MS << this->failed_start_count_))
+      return false;
+  }
   this->start_scan_();
-  if (!this->scan_running_ && this->failed_start_count_ < SCAN_START_RETRY_MAX_DOUBLINGS) {
+  if (!this->scan_running_) {
+    if (this->parent_->last_scan_result() == bk72xx_ble::ScanOpResult::PENDING) {
+      this->start_attempt_open_ = true;
+      return false;  // the controller is still bringing the scan up; not a failure
+    }
+    this->count_failed_start_();
+  }
+  return this->scan_running_;
+}
+
+void BK72xxBLETracker::count_failed_start_() {
+  if (this->failed_start_count_ < SCAN_START_RETRY_MAX_DOUBLINGS) {
     ++this->failed_start_count_;
     if (this->failed_start_count_ == SCAN_START_RETRY_MAX_DOUBLINGS) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Scan start keeps failing; retrying every %" PRIu32 " s",
                (SCAN_START_RETRY_MS << SCAN_START_RETRY_MAX_DOUBLINGS) / 1000);
     }
   }
-  return this->scan_running_;
 }
 
 void BK72xxBLETracker::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "BK72xx BLE Tracker:\n"
                 "  Scan Duration: %" PRIu32 " s\n"
-                "  Scan Interval: %.0f ms (%" PRIu32 " BLE units)\n"
-                "  Scan Window: %.0f ms (%" PRIu32 " BLE units)\n"
-                "  Scan Type: PASSIVE\n"
+                "  Scan Interval: %" PRIu32 " ms (%" PRIu32 " BLE units)\n"
+                "  Scan Window: %" PRIu32 " ms (%" PRIu32 " BLE units)\n"
+                "  Scan Type: %s (configured %s)\n"
                 "  Continuous Scanning: %s",
-                this->scan_duration_ / 1000, this->scan_interval_ * 0.625f, this->scan_interval_,
-                this->scan_window_ * 0.625f, this->scan_window_, YESNO(this->scan_continuous_));
+                this->scan_duration_ / 1000, ble_units_to_ms(this->scan_interval_), this->scan_interval_,
+                ble_units_to_ms(this->scan_window_), this->scan_window_, this->scan_active_ ? "ACTIVE" : "PASSIVE",
+                this->scan_active_configured_ ? "ACTIVE" : "PASSIVE", YESNO(this->scan_continuous_));
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -156,31 +217,33 @@ void BK72xxBLETracker::dump_config() {
 // listener dispatch run in main-loop context with no cross-task handling here.
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-void BK72xxBLETracker::on_scan_report(const bk72xx_ble::BLEScanReport &report) {
-  // Raw callback (the raw-advertisement path).
-  if (this->raw_advertisement_callback_.is_set()) {
-    const ble_device_base::RawAdvertisement adv{.mac = report.mac,
-                                                .data = report.data,
-                                                .data_len = report.data_len,
-                                                .rssi = report.rssi,
-                                                .addr_type = report.addr_type};
-    this->raw_advertisement_callback_.invoke(adv);
-  }
+// GAPM report info byte (BLEScanReport::evt_type): bits 0-2 report type,
+// bit 5 scannable advertisement. Verified against both BDK stacks (5.1 and
+// 5.2 fill it from gapm_ext_adv_report_ind.info).
+static constexpr uint8_t GAPM_REPORT_TYPE_MASK = 0x07;
+static constexpr uint8_t GAPM_REPORT_TYPE_SCAN_RSP_EXT = 2;
+static constexpr uint8_t GAPM_REPORT_TYPE_SCAN_RSP_LEG = 3;
+static constexpr uint8_t GAPM_REPORT_INFO_SCAN_ADV_BIT = 1 << 5;
 
-#ifdef ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT
-  ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice device;
-  device.from_scan_result(report.mac, report.rssi, report.addr_type, report.data, report.data_len);
-  bool found = false;
-  for (auto *listener : this->listeners_) {
-    if (listener->parse_device(device)) {
-      found = true;
-    }
+// Demux advertisements vs scan responses into the shared merger: the BDK
+// delivers the pair as separate reports; a scannable advertisement is held
+// until its scan response arrives and delivered as one merged frame.
+void BK72xxBLETracker::on_scan_report(const bk72xx_ble::BLEScanReport &report) {
+  const uint8_t rtype = report.evt_type & GAPM_REPORT_TYPE_MASK;
+  if (rtype == GAPM_REPORT_TYPE_SCAN_RSP_LEG || rtype == GAPM_REPORT_TYPE_SCAN_RSP_EXT) {
+    this->merger_.submit_scan_rsp(report.mac, report.rssi, report.addr_type, report.data, report.data_len);
+    return;
   }
-  // Mirror esp32_ble_tracker: log a newly-seen device only when nothing claimed
-  // it and the scan is one-shot (continuous scans would spam).
-  if (!found && !this->scan_continuous_)
-    this->discovered_log_.log_device(TAG, device);
-#endif  // ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT
+  // Stash only while an active scan runs: a passive scan never gets a
+  // response, and after a stop nothing would sweep the merger, so a late
+  // report would surface minutes later as a fresh advertisement.
+  if (this->scan_running_ && this->scan_active_ && (report.evt_type & GAPM_REPORT_INFO_SCAN_ADV_BIT)) {
+    this->merger_.stash_adv(report.mac, report.rssi, report.addr_type, report.data, report.data_len,
+                            App.get_loop_component_start_time());
+    return;
+  }
+  this->dispatcher_.dispatch(report.mac, report.rssi, report.addr_type, report.data, report.data_len,
+                             /*raw_only=*/false, this->scan_continuous_ ? nullptr : TAG);
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -207,7 +270,8 @@ void BK72xxBLETracker::start_scan() {
   // against a failing controller, repeated start_scan() calls are rate-limited
   // like any other attempt.
   this->scan_requested_ = true;
-  this->try_start_with_backoff_(millis(), /* force= */ true);
+  this->enable_loop();  // an idle one-shot tracker parked it in stop_scan_()
+  this->try_start_with_backoff_(App.get_loop_component_start_time(), /* force= */ true);
 }
 
 void BK72xxBLETracker::restart_scan_duration() {
@@ -218,7 +282,7 @@ void BK72xxBLETracker::restart_scan_duration() {
   // start_scan action fired more often than scan_duration_ would otherwise
   // suppress on_scan_end indefinitely — and absence detection (ble_rssi's NAN
   // publish) rides on that period.
-  this->scan_start_time_ = millis();
+  this->scan_start_time_ = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
 }
 
 void BK72xxBLETracker::stop_scan() {
@@ -231,24 +295,31 @@ void BK72xxBLETracker::stop_scan() {
 // Internal scan start / stop
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+bk72xx_ble::ScanOpResult BK72xxBLETracker::controller_scan_start_() {
+  this->last_scan_start_attempt_ = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+  return this->parent_->scan_start(static_cast<uint16_t>(this->scan_interval_),
+                                   static_cast<uint16_t>(this->scan_window_), this->scan_active_);
+}
+
 void BK72xxBLETracker::start_scan_() {
   if (this->scan_running_)
     return;
 
-  if (!this->parent_->scan_start(static_cast<uint16_t>(this->scan_interval_),
-                                 static_cast<uint16_t>(this->scan_window_)))
+  if (this->controller_scan_start_() != bk72xx_ble::ScanOpResult::SETTLED)
     return;
 
-  const uint32_t now = millis();
+  const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
   this->scan_running_ = true;
   this->scan_requested_ = false;  // the latched one-shot request is satisfied
-  this->failed_start_count_ = 0;  // reset here so direct starts clear the backoff too
+  this->start_attempt_open_ = false;
+  // failed_start_count_ deliberately not reset here; only a stable run clears it (loop()).
   this->scan_start_time_ = now;
   // Log every explicit start at DEBUG — stop_scan_() logs every stop at DEBUG, and
   // in non-continuous mode each period is an explicit start, so asymmetric logging
   // would read as the scanner failing to come back up.
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Scan started (passive, window=%.0fms, interval=%.0fms)", this->scan_window_ * 0.625f,
-           this->scan_interval_ * 0.625f);
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Scan started (%s, window=%" PRIu32 "ms, interval=%" PRIu32 "ms)",
+           this->scan_active_ ? "active" : "passive", ble_units_to_ms(this->scan_window_),
+           ble_units_to_ms(this->scan_interval_));
   // Re-anchor the on_scan_end period to every successful start — first start (so the
   // period counts from the scan, not from boot) and every restart after a stop (so
   // resuming after longer than scan_duration, e.g. a failed OTA restoring continuous
@@ -258,18 +329,49 @@ void BK72xxBLETracker::start_scan_() {
   this->scan_started_once_ = true;
 }
 
+// Deliberate logical/physical split: on_scan_end() reports the tracker's
+// intent while the hub winds the radio down asynchronously; OTA is the one
+// path that must wait, and it flushes explicitly.
 void BK72xxBLETracker::stop_scan_() {
-  if (!this->scan_running_)
-    return;
-  this->parent_->scan_stop();
+  this->start_attempt_open_ = false;  // an abandoned bring-up is not charged
+  this->parent_->scan_stop();         // idempotent: releases whatever the hub holds
+  if (this->scan_running_) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Scan stopped");
+    this->mark_scan_ended_(App.get_loop_component_start_time());
+  }
+  // Park when idle (the hub drives its own teardown); re-check because an
+  // on_scan_end automation may have restarted the scan.
+  if (!this->scan_continuous_ && !this->scan_running_ && !this->scan_requested_)
+    this->disable_loop();
+}
+
+// The period re-anchor keeps on_scan_end from double-firing in one iteration.
+void BK72xxBLETracker::mark_scan_ended_(uint32_t now) {
   this->scan_running_ = false;
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Scan stopped");
-#ifdef ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT
-  for (auto *listener : this->listeners_)
-    listener->on_scan_end();
-  this->discovered_log_.clear();  // reset per-scan "Found device" dedup (esp32_ble_tracker parity)
-#endif
-  this->scan_period_start_ = millis();  // reset period clock so on_scan_end does not double-fire
+  this->fire_scan_end_();
+  this->scan_period_start_ = now;
+}
+
+void BK72xxBLETracker::fire_scan_end_() {
+  // Deliver held advertisements whose scan response never came (unmerged)
+  // BEFORE on_scan_end fires.
+  this->merger_.flush();
+  this->dispatcher_.on_scan_end();
+}
+
+// true = request latched, not applied: the reconciler applies it
+// asynchronously and loop() recovers a failed re-arm (ln882h parity).
+bool BK72xxBLETracker::request_scan_mode(bool active) {
+  if (this->scan_active_ == active)
+    return true;
+  this->scan_active_ = active;
+  // V: the proxy's "Setting scanner mode" line already narrates this at D.
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Scan mode %s", active ? "active" : "passive");
+  // The controller reconciler restarts a running scan itself; the scan stays
+  // logically running. An idle scanner picks the mode up on its next start.
+  if (this->scan_running_)
+    this->controller_scan_start_();
+  return true;
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::bk72xx_ble_tracker
diff --git a/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/bk72xx_ble_tracker.h b/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/bk72xx_ble_tracker.h
index 67e4467c77..2334cfe414 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/bk72xx_ble_tracker.h
+++ b/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/bk72xx_ble_tracker.h
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 //       window:      30ms
 //       duration:    5min
 //       continuous:  true
+//       active:      true
 
 #pragma once
 
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@
 #include "esphome/components/bk72xx_ble/bk72xx_ble.h"
 #include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_hub.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/scan_response_merger.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
@@ -45,7 +47,6 @@ namespace esphome::bk72xx_ble_tracker {
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 class BK72xxBLETracker : public Component,
-                         public ble_device_base::BLEHub,
                          public bk72xx_ble::BLEScanListener,
                          public Parented<bk72xx_ble::BK72xxBLE>
 #ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
@@ -70,6 +71,12 @@ class BK72xxBLETracker : public Component,
   void set_scan_interval(uint32_t scan_interval) { this->scan_interval_ = scan_interval; }
   void set_scan_window(uint32_t scan_window) { this->scan_window_ = scan_window; }
   void set_scan_duration(uint32_t scan_duration) { this->scan_duration_ = scan_duration; }
+  /// Set from YAML (scan_parameters.active); runtime mode requests change
+  /// only the resolved mode.
+  void set_scan_active(bool scan_active) {
+    this->scan_active_ = scan_active;
+    this->scan_active_configured_ = scan_active;
+  }
   /// Set from YAML (scan_parameters.continuous); also the value
   /// configured_continuous() reports and a bare start_scan action restores.
   void set_configured_continuous(bool scan_continuous) {
@@ -93,38 +100,30 @@ class BK72xxBLETracker : public Component,
   void stop_scan();
 
   // ---- ble_device_base::BLEHub contract ----
-  void register_listener(ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener *listener) override {
-#ifdef ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT
-    this->listeners_.push_back(listener);
-#endif
+  void register_listener(ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener *listener) {
+    this->dispatcher_.register_listener(listener);
   }
-  void set_raw_advertisement_callback(ble_device_base::RawAdvertisementCallback callback) override {
-    this->raw_advertisement_callback_ = callback;
+  void set_raw_advertisement_callback(ble_device_base::RawAdvertisementCallback callback) {
+    this->dispatcher_.set_raw_advertisement_callback(callback);
   }
-  ble_device_base::HubCapabilities get_capabilities() const override {
-    // The Beken BDK exposes no active-scan path (passive scanning only), so the
-    // controller never solicits scan responses and never merges them; consumers
-    // relying on scan-response fields (device names) get them only where the
-    // receiver merges per address (Home Assistant does). No GATT client either.
-    // scan_mode_switch stays false for the same reason: with no active-scan
-    // path there is no mode to switch to.
-    return {.active_scan = false, .merges_scan_response = false, .gatt = false, .scan_mode_switch = false};
-  }
-  bool request_scan_mode(bool active) override {
-    // Passive-only controller: a passive request is already honored, an active
-    // one cannot be.
-    return !active;
+  static constexpr ble_device_base::HubCapabilities get_capabilities() {
+    // Active scanning is driven through bk72xx_ble's reconciler because the BDK
+    // API itself is passive-only. The controller delivers scan responses as
+    // separate reports; this tracker merges the pair before delivery (shared
+    // ScanResponseMerger, Bluedroid semantics). No GATT client.
+    return {.active_scan = true, .merges_scan_response = true, .gatt = false, .scan_mode_switch = true};
   }
+  bool request_scan_mode(bool active);
   // The controller stores the address LSB-first (BLE convention); the contract
   // wants printable (MSB-first) order.
-  void get_adapter_mac(uint8_t out[6]) override {
-    uint8_t mac[6];
+  void get_adapter_mac(uint8_t out[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE]) {
+    uint8_t mac[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];
     this->parent_->get_mac_lsb_first(mac);
     for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
       out[i] = mac[5 - i];
   }
-  bool scan_running() override { return this->scan_running_; }
-  bool scan_active() override { return false; }  // BK72xx scan is passive-only
+  bool scan_running() { return this->scan_running_; }
+  bool scan_active() { return this->scan_active_; }
 
   // ---- bk72xx_ble::BLEScanListener ----
   // Delivered by the controller's loop() on the ESPHome main task — the
@@ -134,15 +133,20 @@ class BK72xxBLETracker : public Component,
  protected:
   void start_scan_();
   void stop_scan_();
-  /// Attempt a rate-limited (re)start; returns true when the scan is running,
-  /// which means the caller must not compare its cached millis() against the
-  /// timestamps start_scan_() just refreshed. force bypasses the rate gate for
-  /// an explicit user start only while the failure streak is clean; a failing
-  /// controller rate-limits forced attempts too. Failure accounting always runs.
+  void fire_scan_end_();
+  void mark_scan_ended_(uint32_t now);
+  /// Stamp-and-start for every controller scan attempt, so the retry rate
+  /// limit covers all callers.
+  bk72xx_ble::ScanOpResult controller_scan_start_();
+  /// Rate-limited (re)start; true when the scan is running (the caller must
+  /// not reuse a `now` older than the stamps this refreshed). Force and
+  /// backoff rules are documented at the definition.
   bool try_start_with_backoff_(uint32_t now, bool force = false);
+  void count_failed_start_();
 
   bool scan_running_{false};
-  bool scan_requested_{false};  // latched start_scan() request not yet running; loop() retries with backoff
+  bool scan_requested_{false};      // latched start_scan() request not yet running; loop() retries with backoff
+  bool start_attempt_open_{false};  // charge a later FAILED observation to the backoff exactly once
   // Defaults: the BK reference — 30 % duty cycle
   // (interval 100 ms / window 30 ms), in 0.625 ms BLE units.
   uint32_t scan_interval_{160};  // 160 × 0.625 ms = 100 ms
@@ -150,30 +154,27 @@ class BK72xxBLETracker : public Component,
   uint32_t scan_duration_{300000};
   bool scan_continuous_{true};
   bool scan_continuous_configured_{true};  // YAML value; stop_scan() must not lose it
+  bool scan_active_{true};                 // resolved mode; see scan_parameters.active
+  bool scan_active_configured_{true};      // YAML value; runtime requests must not lose it
 #ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
   bool scan_continuous_before_ota_{false};  // continuous mode saved at OTA start, restored on OTA failure
   bool scan_requested_before_ota_{false};   // pending one-shot latch saved at OTA start, re-latched on OTA failure
 #endif
   uint32_t scan_start_time_{0};
 
-  uint32_t last_scan_start_attempt_{0};  // millis() of last start_scan_() attempt; rate-limits retries
-  uint8_t failed_start_count_{0};        // consecutive failed starts; drives the retry backoff (reset on success)
-  uint32_t scan_period_start_{0};        // millis() at start of current scan period; used to rate-limit on_scan_end()
+  uint32_t last_scan_start_attempt_{0};  // last controller start attempt, any caller; rate-limits retries
+  uint8_t failed_start_count_{0};        // failed starts AND drops; backoff shift, cleared after a stable run (loop())
+  uint32_t scan_period_start_{0};        // loop-clock start of the scan period; rate-limits on_scan_end()
   bool scan_started_once_{false};        // true after first successful scan start; gates the period timer
 
-  ble_device_base::RawAdvertisementCallback raw_advertisement_callback_{};
-#ifdef ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT
-  // Parsed-advertisement consumers registered through ble_device_base.
-  // Codegen-sized: no heap allocation, no std::vector template instantiations.
-  StaticVector<ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener *, ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT> listeners_;
-#endif
-
-#ifdef ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT
-  // Per-period "Found device" DEBUG log with MAC dedup — shared implementation
-  // in ble_device_base, identical output on every tracker backend. Guarded like
-  // its only writer so a no-listener build does not carry an unused vector.
-  ble_device_base::DiscoveredDeviceLog discovered_log_{};
-#endif
+  // Shared adv + scan-response merge and frame dispatch (ble_device_base).
+  // All calls run on the main task (the controller queue already crossed
+  // tasks). Merger clock: stash_adv() reads the PARENT's cached loop time
+  // (on_scan_report runs inside bk72xx_ble's queue drain), sweep() this
+  // component's — same App.loop() pass, so the delta stays non-negative and
+  // the 300 ms timeout holds.
+  ble_device_base::ScanResponseMerger merger_;
+  ble_device_base::AdvDispatcher dispatcher_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::bk72xx_ble_tracker
diff --git a/esphome/components/bl0906/sensor.py b/esphome/components/bl0906/sensor.py
index 059e10e962..1a0c2287ab 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bl0906/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bl0906/sensor.py
@@ -32,6 +32,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_VOLT,
     UNIT_WATT,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 # Import ICONS not included in esphome's const.py, from the local components const.py
 from .const import ICON_ENERGY, ICON_FREQUENCY, ICON_VOLTAGE
@@ -145,13 +148,18 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def reset_energy_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def reset_energy_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bl0939/sensor.py b/esphome/components/bl0939/sensor.py
index bd4bdd93e5..ec17ef2c7e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bl0939/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bl0939/sensor.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_VOLT,
     UNIT_WATT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
 
@@ -88,7 +89,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bl0940/button/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bl0940/button/__init__.py
index 04d11e6e30..e87a647392 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bl0940/button/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bl0940/button/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import button
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG, ICON_RESTART
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_BL0940_ID, bl0940_ns
 from ..sensor import BL0940
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await button.new_button(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_BL0940_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/bl0940/number/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bl0940/number/__init__.py
index 92ab2837b3..b5a66e682a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bl0940/number/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bl0940/number/__init__.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_BL0940_ID, bl0940_ns
 from ..sensor import BL0940
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ CalibrationNumber = bl0940_ns.class_(
 )
 
 
-def validate_min_max(config):
+def validate_min_max(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if config[CONF_MAX_VALUE] <= config[CONF_MIN_VALUE]:
         raise cv.Invalid("max_value must be greater than min_value")
     return config
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # Get the BL0940 component instance
     bl0940 = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_BL0940_ID])
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/bl0940/sensor.py b/esphome/components/bl0940/sensor.py
index 96445d5c38..7e6403c3bc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bl0940/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bl0940/sensor.py
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_VOLT,
     UNIT_WATT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import bl0940_ns
 
@@ -69,27 +70,29 @@ DEFAULT_BL0940_LEGACY_EREF = 3.6e6 / 297
 
 
 # methods to calculate voltage and current reference values
-def calculate_voltage_reference(vref, r_one, r_two):
+def calculate_voltage_reference(vref: float, r_one: float, r_two: float) -> float:
     # formula: 79931 / Vref * (R1 * 1000) / (R1 + R2)
     return 79931 / vref * (r_one * 1000) / (r_one + r_two)
 
 
-def calculate_current_reference(vref, r_shunt):
+def calculate_current_reference(vref: float, r_shunt: float) -> float:
     # formula: 324004 * RL / Vref
     return 324004 * r_shunt / vref
 
 
-def calculate_power_reference(voltage_reference, current_reference):
+def calculate_power_reference(
+    voltage_reference: float, current_reference: float
+) -> float:
     # calculate power reference based on voltage and current reference
     return voltage_reference * current_reference * 4046 / 324004 / 79931
 
 
-def calculate_energy_reference(power_reference):
+def calculate_energy_reference(power_reference: float) -> float:
     # formula: power_reference * 3600000 / (1638.4 * 256)
     return power_reference * 3600000 / (1638.4 * 256)
 
 
-def validate_legacy_mode(config):
+def validate_legacy_mode(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     # Only allow schematic calibration options if legacy_mode is False
     if config.get(CONF_LEGACY_MODE, True):
         forbidden = [
@@ -106,7 +109,7 @@ def validate_legacy_mode(config):
     return config
 
 
-def set_command_defaults(config):
+def set_command_defaults(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     # Set defaults for read_command and write_command based on legacy_mode
     legacy = config.get(CONF_LEGACY_MODE, True)
     if legacy:
@@ -118,7 +121,7 @@ def set_command_defaults(config):
     return config
 
 
-def set_reference_values(config):
+def set_reference_values(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     # Set default reference values based on legacy_mode
     if config.get(CONF_LEGACY_MODE, True):
         config.setdefault(CONF_VOLTAGE_REFERENCE, DEFAULT_BL0940_LEGACY_UREF)
@@ -223,7 +226,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bl0942/sensor.py b/esphome/components/bl0942/sensor.py
index f9fe7f5a5e..5531fe411b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bl0942/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bl0942/sensor.py
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_VOLT,
     UNIT_WATT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_CURRENT_REFERENCE = "current_reference"
 CONF_ENERGY_REFERENCE = "energy_reference"
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_client/output/ble_binary_output.cpp b/esphome/components/ble_client/output/ble_binary_output.cpp
index 1cb83b9d8b..5d53c59708 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_client/output/ble_binary_output.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_client/output/ble_binary_output.cpp
@@ -80,8 +80,9 @@ void BLEBinaryOutput::write_state(bool state) {
   esp_err_t err =
       esp_ble_gattc_write_char(this->parent()->get_gattc_if(), this->parent()->get_conn_id(), this->char_handle_,
                                sizeof(state_as_uint), &state_as_uint, this->write_type_, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
-  if (err != ESP_GATT_OK)
+  if (err != ESP_GATT_OK) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Write error, err=%d", this->char_uuid_.to_str(char_buf), err);
+  }
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::ble_client
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_device_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/__init__.py
index a52286f456..43ec736727 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_device_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/__init__.py
@@ -3,19 +3,22 @@ ble_device_base — the platform-neutral BLE layer.
 
 Owns the shared advertisement types (ESPBTUUID / ESPBTDevice / ServiceData /
 ESPBLEiBeacon / ESPBTDeviceListener, in ble_device.h) and the tracker contract
-(BLEHub, in ble_hub.h) on every platform.
+(BLEHub, in ble_hub.h; C++-side a per-platform alias bound in ble_hub_impl.h)
+on every platform.
 
 BLE consumers (sensor components, bluetooth_proxy) bind to whichever tracker the
 configuration declares via `cv.use_id(BLEHub)` — ESPHome resolves any declared
-subclass, so there is no platform table here and no dependency in either
-direction. A sensor extends BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA in its CONFIG_SCHEMA (so an
-explicit ble_hub_id: is a declared key even on strict schemas) and calls
-register_ble_device() in to_code; a tracker component subclasses BLEHub (C++
-and codegen class) and MUST call register_hub_provider() at import time —
-without it _require_hub rejects configs that bind through the generated id
-(an explicit ble_hub_id: bypasses the registry). Adding a new BLE chip
-requires only a new in-tree tracker component; out-of-tree BLE hubs are
-not supported.
+subclass, so there is no Python platform table here and no dependency in
+either direction (C++-side, the compile-time alias header ble_hub_impl.h and the
+defines.h mirror are the deliberate exceptions). A sensor extends
+BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA in its CONFIG_SCHEMA (so an explicit ble_hub_id: is a
+declared key even on strict schemas) and calls register_ble_device() in
+to_code; a tracker component declares BLEHub as its codegen-class parent and
+MUST call register_hub_provider() at import time — without it _require_hub
+rejects configs that bind through the generated id (an explicit ble_hub_id:
+bypasses the registry). Adding a new BLE chip requires a new in-tree tracker
+component plus its alias arm and define (see above); out-of-tree BLE hubs
+are not supported.
 
 AES-CCM decryption for encrypted advertisements is provided portably in
 ble_aes_ccm.h.
@@ -34,7 +37,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_INTERVAL,
     KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, ID, KEY_CORE
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID, KEY_CORE, TimePeriod
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@Bl00d-B0b"]
@@ -48,8 +51,9 @@ LISTENER_COUNT_DEFINE = "ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT"
 
 ble_device_base_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("ble_device_base")
 
-# The neutral tracker contract. Every tracker's codegen class declares this as a
-# parent, which is what lets cv.use_id(BLEHub) resolve any of them.
+# The neutral tracker contract. Every tracker's codegen class declares this as
+# a parent, which is what lets cv.use_id(BLEHub) resolve any of them. Python
+# only: C++-side the name is a per-platform alias (ble_hub_impl.h).
 BLEHub = ble_device_base_ns.class_("BLEHub")
 
 # The neutral listener base (C++: ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener).
@@ -159,8 +163,9 @@ _request_gatt_connection_slot = cg.slot_counter(GATT_CLIENT_COUNT_DEFINE)
 
 def request_gatt_client() -> None:
     """Compile in the neutral GATT client contract (ble_gatt_client.h) and
-    claim one connection slot. Called by bluetooth_proxy once per connection
-    it instantiates on a hub platform."""
+    claim one compiled-in client slot (sizes ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT;
+    distinct from the proxy's validated connection budget). Called by
+    bluetooth_connection.new_gatt_backend() once per backend instance."""
     cg.add_define("USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT")
     _request_gatt_connection_slot()
 
@@ -201,32 +206,36 @@ def validate_scan_parameters(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     interval = config[CONF_INTERVAL]
     window = config[CONF_WINDOW]
 
-    if window > interval:
-        raise cv.Invalid(
-            f"Scan window ({window}) needs to be smaller than scan interval ({interval})"
-        )
+    # Labels are reused in every error below; the optional one names its key.
+    windows = [("Scan window", window)]
+    if (connection_window := config.get(CONF_CONNECTION_SCAN_WINDOW)) is not None:
+        windows.append((CONF_CONNECTION_SCAN_WINDOW, connection_window))
+
+    for name, value in windows:
+        if value > interval:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"{name} ({value}) needs to be smaller than scan interval ({interval})"
+            )
 
     # BLE scan interval/window are programmed in 0.625 ms units as a 16-bit value; the
     # controller only accepts 2.5 ms .. 10240 ms (0x0004 .. 0x4000). Reject out-of-range
     # values here instead of letting the unit conversion silently overflow.
-    for name, value in (("interval", interval), ("window", window)):
+    for name, value in (("Scan interval", interval), *windows):
         if value.total_microseconds < 2500 or value.total_microseconds > 10_240_000:
-            raise cv.Invalid(
-                f"Scan {name} ({value}) must be between 2.5 ms and 10240 ms"
-            )
+            raise cv.Invalid(f"{name} ({value}) must be between 2.5 ms and 10240 ms")
 
     # Validate what actually reaches the controller: both values are truncated to
     # whole 0.625 ms units, so a window/interval pair that differs by less than one
     # unit collapses to the same value — silently programming a 100 % duty cycle
     # (radio permanently on) from a config that asked for less.
     interval_units = to_ble_units(interval)
-    window_units = to_ble_units(window)
-    if window_units == interval_units and window < interval:
-        raise cv.Invalid(
-            f"Scan window ({window}) and interval ({interval}) both truncate to "
-            f"{interval_units} x 0.625 ms, which the controller scans at a 100 % duty "
-            f"cycle. Separate them by at least 0.625 ms."
-        )
+    for name, value in windows:
+        if to_ble_units(value) == interval_units and value < interval:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"{name} ({value}) and interval ({interval}) both truncate to "
+                f"{interval_units} x 0.625 ms, which the controller scans at a 100 % duty "
+                f"cycle. Separate them by at least 0.625 ms."
+            )
 
     if interval.total_microseconds * 3 > duration.total_microseconds:
         raise cv.Invalid(
@@ -238,28 +247,42 @@ def validate_scan_parameters(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     return config
 
 
+# The historical scan window default shared by the trackers that do not pin
+# their own; also the fallback for esp32's conditional default.
+DEFAULT_SCAN_WINDOW = "30ms"
+
+CONF_CONNECTION_SCAN_WINDOW = "connection_scan_window"
+
+
 def scan_parameters_schema(
     interval_default: str,
     *,
-    window_default: str = "30ms",
-    supports_active: bool = False,
+    window_default: str | Callable[[], TimePeriod] = DEFAULT_SCAN_WINDOW,
+    connection_window: bool = False,
 ) -> cv.All:
     """Build the scan_parameters value schema shared by all BLE trackers.
 
     interval_default and window_default are per chip (e.g. esp32 320/30 ms,
     bk72xx/rp2 100/30 ms — the reference scan rates of the respective stacks;
-    LN882H's SDK recommends 100/50 ms). Pass supports_active=True only when
-    the tracker supports active scanning; it exposes the `active` option
-    (whose own default is on, esp32_ble_tracker behavior).
+    LN882H's SDK recommends 100/50 ms). window_default may also be a zero-arg
+    callable evaluated per validation when the user omits the key (esp32 uses
+    this to record that the window was defaulted, so a later validation step
+    can adjust it once sibling keys are resolved). The `active` option
+    (default on) is unconditional: active scanning is part of the tracker
+    contract — every current proxy client assumes it, so a passive-only
+    tracker must not share this schema. connection_window opts in to the
+    `connection_scan_window` option for trackers that can fall back to a
+    smaller window while a GATT connection is active.
     """
     schema = {
         cv.Optional(CONF_DURATION, default="5min"): cv.positive_time_period_seconds,
         cv.Optional(CONF_INTERVAL, default=interval_default): cv.positive_time_period,
         cv.Optional(CONF_WINDOW, default=window_default): cv.positive_time_period,
         cv.Optional(CONF_CONTINUOUS, default=True): cv.boolean,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ACTIVE, default=True): cv.boolean,
     }
-    if supports_active:
-        schema[cv.Optional(CONF_ACTIVE, default=True)] = cv.boolean
+    if connection_window:
+        schema[cv.Optional(CONF_CONNECTION_SCAN_WINDOW)] = cv.positive_time_period
     return cv.All(cv.Schema(schema), validate_scan_parameters)
 
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_device_base/automation.h b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/automation.h
index 507b3278d9..ba3128c0ee 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_device_base/automation.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/automation.h
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 // Platform-neutral BLE advertisement triggers: ESPBTDeviceListener subclasses
 // registered on a BLEHub, exposed by each tracker under its own automation
 // names. parse_device()'s return feeds the "Found device" suppression.
+// Constructors are templated on the hub type so this header also builds with
+// no tracker present (host unit tests).
 
 #pragma once
 
 #include "ble_device.h"
-#include "ble_hub.h"
 
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ namespace esphome::ble_device_base {
 // on_ble_advertise: fires on every BLE advertisement, optionally filtered to one or more MACs.
 class ESPBTAdvertiseTrigger final : public Trigger<const ESPBTDevice &>, public ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
-  explicit ESPBTAdvertiseTrigger(BLEHub *parent) { parent->register_listener(this); }
+  template<typename Hub> explicit ESPBTAdvertiseTrigger(Hub *parent) { parent->register_listener(this); }
 
   void set_addresses(std::initializer_list<uint64_t> addresses) { this->addresses_ = addresses; }
 
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ class ESPBTAdvertiseTrigger final : public Trigger<const ESPBTDevice &>, public
 // data for the given UUID. Optional single-MAC filter.
 class BLEServiceDataAdvertiseTrigger final : public Trigger<const adv_data_t &>, public ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
-  explicit BLEServiceDataAdvertiseTrigger(BLEHub *parent) { parent->register_listener(this); }
+  template<typename Hub> explicit BLEServiceDataAdvertiseTrigger(Hub *parent) { parent->register_listener(this); }
 
   void set_service_uuid16(uint64_t uuid) { this->uuid_ = ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(static_cast<uint16_t>(uuid)); }
   void set_service_uuid32(uint64_t uuid) { this->uuid_ = ESPBTUUID::from_uint32(static_cast<uint32_t>(uuid)); }
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ class BLEServiceDataAdvertiseTrigger final : public Trigger<const adv_data_t &>,
 // manufacturer data for the given ID. Optional single-MAC filter.
 class BLEManufacturerDataAdvertiseTrigger final : public Trigger<const adv_data_t &>, public ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
-  explicit BLEManufacturerDataAdvertiseTrigger(BLEHub *parent) { parent->register_listener(this); }
+  template<typename Hub> explicit BLEManufacturerDataAdvertiseTrigger(Hub *parent) { parent->register_listener(this); }
 
   void set_manufacturer_uuid16(uint64_t uuid) { this->uuid_ = ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(static_cast<uint16_t>(uuid)); }
   void set_manufacturer_uuid32(uint64_t uuid) { this->uuid_ = ESPBTUUID::from_uint32(static_cast<uint32_t>(uuid)); }
@@ -108,7 +109,7 @@ class BLEManufacturerDataAdvertiseTrigger final : public Trigger<const adv_data_
 // claims devices (parse_device always returns false).
 class BLEEndOfScanTrigger final : public Trigger<>, public ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
-  explicit BLEEndOfScanTrigger(BLEHub *parent) { parent->register_listener(this); }
+  template<typename Hub> explicit BLEEndOfScanTrigger(Hub *parent) { parent->register_listener(this); }
 
   bool parse_device(const ESPBTDevice &device) override { return false; }
   void on_scan_end() override { this->trigger(); }
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_device_base/automation.py b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/automation.py
index eb63061a8d..6acc4edb92 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_device_base/automation.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/automation.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 """Shared codegen for the neutral BLE advertisement triggers (automation.h)."""
 
+from collections.abc import Callable
 from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import automation
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ _UUID_WIDTHS = {
 
 def uuid_trigger_schema(
     trigger_class: MockObjClass, extra: dict[Any, Any] | None = None
-):
+) -> Callable[[Any], Any]:
     """Schema for a UUID-filtered trigger — pairs with uuid_trigger_to_code().
 
     `extra` carries the required UUID key (a cv marker, so a dict rather than
@@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ def uuid_trigger_schema(
     )
 
 
-def advertise_trigger_schema(trigger_class: MockObjClass):
+def advertise_trigger_schema(trigger_class: MockObjClass) -> Callable[[Any], Any]:
     """on_ble_advertise schema: multi-mac list filter, unlike the single-mac
     uuid_trigger_schema() — pairs with advertise_trigger_to_code()."""
     return automation.validate_automation(
@@ -79,7 +80,7 @@ def advertise_trigger_schema(trigger_class: MockObjClass):
     )
 
 
-def scan_end_trigger_schema(trigger_class: MockObjClass):
+def scan_end_trigger_schema(trigger_class: MockObjClass) -> Callable[[Any], Any]:
     """on_scan_end schema: id only — pairs with scan_end_trigger_to_code()."""
     return automation.validate_automation(
         {cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(trigger_class)}
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_client_state.h b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_client_state.h
index 58f7d84fad..92754b70b4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_client_state.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_client_state.h
@@ -17,6 +17,34 @@ namespace esphome::ble_device_base {
 /// client backend.
 static constexpr int GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED = -1;
 static constexpr int GATT_ERR_NO_MEMORY = -2;
+/// ATT "Unlikely Error" (spec 0x0E): a client-side internal inconsistency,
+/// e.g. a service table failing its own bounds checks.
+static constexpr int GATT_ERR_UNLIKELY = 0x0E;
+
+/// Safety net shared by every GATT backend: force IDLE when the stack never
+/// delivers its disconnect completion.
+static constexpr uint32_t GATT_DISCONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS = 10000;
+
+/// ATT MTU before negotiation completes (Bluetooth spec default).
+static constexpr uint16_t DEFAULT_ATT_MTU = 23;
+
+// Preferred connection parameters shared by every platform's GATT client so
+// the backends cannot drift (units: interval 1.25 ms, timeout 10 ms; latency
+// 0). FAST covers connection setup and service discovery; MEDIUM is the
+// steady state once established. Stack defaults (12.5-15 ms) are too slow for
+// stable connections through WiFi-based BLE proxies, causing disconnections;
+// MEDIUM balances responsiveness with bandwidth usage.
+static constexpr uint16_t MEDIUM_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL = 0x07;  // 7 * 1.25ms = 8.75ms
+static constexpr uint16_t MEDIUM_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL = 0x09;  // 9 * 1.25ms = 11.25ms
+// The timeout value was increased from 6s to 8s to address stability issues observed
+// in certain BLE devices when operating through WiFi-based BLE proxies. The longer
+// timeout reduces the likelihood of disconnections during periods of high latency.
+static constexpr uint16_t MEDIUM_CONN_TIMEOUT = 800;  // 800 * 10ms = 8s
+
+// Fastest connection parameters for devices with short discovery timeouts
+static constexpr uint16_t FAST_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL = 0x06;  // 6 * 1.25ms = 7.5ms (BLE minimum)
+static constexpr uint16_t FAST_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL = 0x06;  // 6 * 1.25ms = 7.5ms
+static constexpr uint16_t FAST_CONN_TIMEOUT = 1000;       // 1000 * 10ms = 10s
 
 enum class ClientState : uint8_t {
   // Connection is allocated
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.cpp b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.cpp
index fc5bf5c1e0..23ca6b1dbd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.cpp
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ void ESPBTDevice::parse_scan_rst(const esp32_ble::BLEScanResult &scan_result) {
   // BLEScanResult's bda is most-significant octet first; the neutral ingest
   // takes the BLE controller (LSB-first) order, so reverse — address_uint64()/
   // address_str_to() then produce exactly the historical esp32 values.
-  uint8_t mac_lsb_first[6];
+  uint8_t mac_lsb_first[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];
   for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 6; i++)
     mac_lsb_first[i] = scan_result.bda[5 - i];
   this->from_scan_result(mac_lsb_first, scan_result.rssi, scan_result.ble_addr_type, scan_result.ble_adv,
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h
index fba1fe2347..668f7e09f8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h
@@ -154,12 +154,9 @@ class ESPBLEiBeacon {
 };
 
 /// Pack a controller-order (LSB-first) MAC into the uint64 the API speaks.
-///
-/// The result is the printable-order value esp32 has always sent
-/// (esp32_ble::ble_addr_to_uint64), so both proxy paths agree on the wire.
-/// This takes the raw controller order delivered by BLEHub's raw-advertisement
-/// callback; ESPBTDevice::address_uint64() is the equivalent for an already
-/// parsed device, whose address is stored MSB-first.
+/// Trackers with LSB-native SDKs call this at the emit site before filling
+/// RawAdvertisement::address; ESPBTDevice::address_uint64() is the equivalent
+/// for an already parsed device, whose address is stored MSB-first.
 inline uint64_t mac_lsb_first_to_uint64(const uint8_t *mac) {
   uint64_t addr = 0;
   for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
@@ -244,7 +241,7 @@ class ESPBTDevice {
   // the 2-byte element header); every in-tree tracker scans legacy PDUs only.
   static constexpr uint8_t MAX_ADV_NAME_LEN = 29;
 
-  uint8_t address_[6]{0};
+  uint8_t address_[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE]{0};
   uint8_t address_type_{0};
   int rssi_{0};
   // Fixed buffer instead of std::string: no per-advertisement heap churn on
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_gatt_client.h b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_gatt_client.h
index ef28f7672a..b95fb6878a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_gatt_client.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_gatt_client.h
@@ -2,12 +2,14 @@
 //
 // Platform-neutral GATT client connection contract.
 //
-// A platform's GATT client backend (bluetooth_connection/esp32,
-// bluetooth_connection/rp2) implements BLEGattConnection; consumers
-// (bluetooth_proxy) drive it through this interface and receive
-// completions through GattClientEventListener. All listener callbacks are
-// delivered on the ESPHome main loop; borrowed data pointers are valid only
-// for the duration of the call.
+// Exactly one GATT backend exists per build, so BLEGattConnection is a
+// compile-time alias (bluetooth_connection_gatt_backend.h), not an abstract
+// interface.
+// A consumer - the hub wrapper streaming the raw database, or a direct
+// consumer owning a dedicated backend and resolving handles by UUID -
+// drives it and receives completions through the GattClientListener
+// interface. All listener calls are delivered on the ESPHome main loop;
+// borrowed data pointers are valid only for the duration of the call.
 //
 // Error domain (plain int, forwarded to the API without translation):
 //   0            success
@@ -29,6 +31,7 @@
 #include "ble_client_state.h"
 #include "ble_device.h"
 
+#include <concepts>
 #include <cstdint>
 
 namespace esphome::ble_device_base {
@@ -76,63 +79,68 @@ struct GattServiceTable {
   uint16_t descriptor_count{0};
 };
 
-/// Completion/event sink for a GATT connection. Implemented by the consumer
-/// (bluetooth_proxy's connection wrapper). Every callback runs on the main loop.
-class GattClientEventListener {
+/// The event surface a backend delivers completions through - the one place
+/// with genuine runtime polymorphism (several consumer types, one non-virtual
+/// backend). Methods default to no-ops; consumers override what they consume.
+/// No destructor: components are never destroyed.
+/// on_connection_state carries the negotiated MTU and an HCI status/reason.
+/// Codegen wires the listener before setup(), so backends skip null checks.
+class GattClientListener {
  public:
-  virtual ~GattClientEventListener() = default;
-
-  /// Connected (with negotiated MTU) or disconnected/connect-failed
-  /// (error = HCI status or disconnect reason).
-  virtual void on_connection_state(bool connected, uint16_t mtu, int error) = 0;
-  /// Service discovery finished; on success the service table is populated.
-  virtual void on_service_discovery_done(int error) = 0;
-  /// Characteristic or descriptor read finished. data/len valid during the call.
-  virtual void on_read_result(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len, int error) = 0;
-  /// Characteristic write-with-response or descriptor write finished.
-  virtual void on_write_result(uint16_t handle, int error) = 0;
-  /// Notification/indication registration state changed.
-  virtual void on_notify_state(uint16_t handle, bool enabled, int error) = 0;
-  /// Notification/indication data from the peer. data/len valid during the call.
-  virtual void on_notify_data(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) = 0;
+  virtual void on_connection_state(bool connected, uint16_t mtu, int error) {}
+  virtual void on_service_discovery_done(int error) {}
+  virtual void on_read_result(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len, int error) {}
+  virtual void on_write_result(uint16_t handle, int error) {}
+  virtual void on_notify_state(uint16_t handle, bool enabled, int error) {}
+  virtual void on_notify_data(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {}
+  virtual void on_pairing_result(int status) {}
 };
 
-/// One GATT client connection slot. Operations return 0 when accepted
-/// (completion arrives via the listener) or a synchronous error code
-/// (busy, not connected, stack rejection). One operation may be outstanding
-/// at a time; callers see a synchronous error otherwise.
-class BLEGattConnection {
- public:
-  virtual ~BLEGattConnection() = default;
-
-  void set_listener(GattClientEventListener *listener) { this->listener_ = listener; }
-
-  /// Start connecting to a peer. addr_type is a BLE_ADDR_TYPE_* constant
-  /// (ble_device.h). Completion: on_connection_state().
-  virtual int connect(uint64_t address, uint8_t addr_type) = 0;
-  /// Disconnect (or cancel a connect in progress). Completion: on_connection_state().
-  virtual int disconnect() = 0;
-  /// Discover the peer's services/characteristics/descriptors into the
-  /// service table. Completion: on_service_discovery_done().
-  virtual int discover_services() = 0;
-  virtual int read_characteristic(uint16_t handle) = 0;
-  virtual int write_characteristic(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len, bool response) = 0;
-  virtual int read_descriptor(uint16_t handle) = 0;
-  virtual int write_descriptor(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) = 0;
-  /// Enable/disable delivery of on_notify_data() for a characteristic value
-  /// handle. Local registration only — the CCCD write is the API client's
-  /// responsibility (it arrives as a plain write_descriptor).
-  virtual int notify_characteristic(uint16_t handle, bool enable) = 0;
-  virtual int update_connection_params(uint16_t min_interval, uint16_t max_interval, uint16_t latency,
-                                       uint16_t timeout) = 0;
-
-  /// Backend-owned service table (see GattServiceTable lifetime).
-  virtual GattServiceTable get_service_table() = 0;
-  /// Free the transient service table storage. Call after streaming.
-  virtual void release_services() = 0;
-
- protected:
-  GattClientEventListener *listener_{nullptr};
+// The BLEGattConnection op surface, asserted where the alias binds
+// (bluetooth_connection_gatt_backend.h). Operations return 0 when accepted (completion arrives
+// through the listener) or a synchronous error (busy, not connected, stack
+// rejection); one operation may be outstanding at a time. Semantics beyond
+// the signatures:
+// - connect: addr_type is a BLE_ADDR_TYPE_* constant (ble_device.h).
+// - gatt_disconnect: also cancels a connect in progress (named to coexist
+//   with a platform stack's own void disconnect() on one backend class).
+//   Nonzero means nothing to tear down and no completion will follow; an
+//   accepted teardown (0) always reaches a terminal on_connection_state.
+// - cancel_gatt_disconnect: true cancels a scheduled teardown that has not
+//   started closing - the in-flight connect resumes and completes normally.
+//   False once the teardown owns the link (or nothing was scheduled).
+// - notify_characteristic: local registration only; the CCCD write is the
+//   API client's responsibility (a plain write_descriptor).
+// - get_service_table/release_services: backend-owned transient storage,
+//   released after streaming (release is idempotent). A backend may
+//   additionally provide its own service streamer (stream_service_batch on
+//   the concrete type, detected by the consumer at compile time) for
+//   arbitrary-size databases; the table then materializes only for consumers
+//   that ask for it.
+// - completions: connect and gatt_disconnect land in on_connection_state,
+//   discover_services in on_service_discovery_done, pair in
+//   on_pairing_result, reads in on_read_result, notify_characteristic in
+//   on_notify_state, characteristic writes (with and without response) and
+//   descriptor writes in on_write_result.
+template<typename T>
+concept BLEGattConnectionContract = requires(T conn, GattClientListener *listener, const uint8_t *data) {
+  conn.set_listener(listener);
+  { conn.connect(uint64_t{}, uint8_t{}) } -> std::same_as<int>;
+  { conn.gatt_disconnect() } -> std::same_as<int>;
+  { conn.cancel_gatt_disconnect() } -> std::same_as<bool>;
+  { conn.discover_services() } -> std::same_as<int>;
+  { conn.read_characteristic(uint16_t{}) } -> std::same_as<int>;
+  { conn.write_characteristic(uint16_t{}, data, uint16_t{}, true) } -> std::same_as<int>;
+  { conn.read_descriptor(uint16_t{}) } -> std::same_as<int>;
+  { conn.write_descriptor(uint16_t{}, data, uint16_t{}) } -> std::same_as<int>;
+  { conn.notify_characteristic(uint16_t{}, true) } -> std::same_as<int>;
+  { conn.pair() } -> std::same_as<int>;
+  { conn.update_connection_params(uint16_t{}, uint16_t{}, uint16_t{}, uint16_t{}) } -> std::same_as<int>;
+  { conn.get_service_table() } -> std::same_as<GattServiceTable>;
+  { conn.release_services() } -> std::same_as<void>;
+  // Connection-type hint for backends that tune parameters by it; others
+  // carry an inline no-op.
+  { conn.set_connection_type(ConnectionType{}) } -> std::same_as<void>;
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::ble_device_base
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_hub.h b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_hub.h
index 3870e9833e..9da6371012 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_hub.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_hub.h
@@ -1,13 +1,10 @@
 // ble_hub.h
 //
-// BLEHub — the platform-neutral BLE tracker contract.
-//
-// Every BLE tracker component (esp32_ble_tracker, bk72xx_ble_tracker,
-// ln882h_ble_tracker, future chips) implements this interface; every BLE
-// consumer (sensor components, bluetooth_proxy) binds to it — in YAML via
-// `cv.use_id(BLEHub)`, which resolves whichever tracker the config declares.
-// Adding a new BLE chip therefore requires only a new tracker component that
-// implements BLEHub: no consumer, registry, or base changes.
+// The platform-neutral BLE tracker contract: shared types plus the method
+// surface every tracker provides (documented below). Exactly one tracker
+// exists per build, so BLEHub is a compile-time alias (ble_hub_impl.h), not
+// an abstract interface — no vtable, every hub call inlinable. Consumers
+// include ble_hub_impl.h and bind in YAML via cv.use_id(BLEHub).
 //
 // Chip differences are expressed as data (HubCapabilities), never as
 // platform conditionals in consumers.
@@ -15,7 +12,9 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "ble_device.h"
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 
+#include <concepts>
 #include <cstdint>
 
 namespace esphome::ble_device_base {
@@ -23,8 +22,9 @@ namespace esphome::ble_device_base {
 /// One raw advertisement as delivered by the controller — a borrowed view,
 /// valid only for the duration of the invoke() callback.
 struct RawAdvertisement {
-  /// Least-significant octet first (BLE controller convention).
-  const uint8_t *mac;
+  /// Producers convert their native byte order at the emit site, so no
+  /// byte-order convention crosses this contract.
+  uint64_t address;
   const uint8_t *data;
   uint16_t data_len;
   int8_t rssi;  // signed dBm
@@ -48,6 +48,27 @@ struct RawAdvertisementCallback {
   void invoke(const RawAdvertisement &adv) const { this->fn(this->instance, adv); }
 };
 
+/// Scanner lifecycle, wire-value aligned with the api enum so consumers cast
+/// directly (pinned by static_asserts at the cast sites).
+enum class ScannerState : uint8_t {
+  IDLE = 0,
+  STARTING = 1,
+  RUNNING = 2,
+  FAILED = 3,
+  STOPPING = 4,
+  STOPPED = 5,
+};
+
+/// Subscriber slot for scanner-state transitions; same shape as
+/// RawAdvertisementCallback, delivered on the ESPHome main loop. Only hubs
+/// that push provide the setter; consumers of the rest poll scan_running().
+struct ScannerStateCallback {
+  void *instance{nullptr};
+  void (*fn)(void *instance, ScannerState state){nullptr};
+  bool is_set() const { return this->fn != nullptr; }
+  void invoke(ScannerState state) const { this->fn(this->instance, state); }
+};
+
 /// What a tracker's controller/SDK can do — consumers branch on data, not #ifdefs.
 struct HubCapabilities {
   /// Controller can send scan requests (active scanning).
@@ -57,45 +78,45 @@ struct HubCapabilities {
   /// may only see them where the receiver merges per address (Home Assistant does).
   bool merges_scan_response;
   /// GATT client connections are available: the platform has a
-  /// bluetooth_connection backend implementing ble_device_base::BLEGattConnection
-  /// (ble_gatt_client.h). Today: esp32; rp2 follows with its BTstack backend.
+  /// bluetooth_connection backend (rp2 binds the BLEGattConnection alias in
+  /// bluetooth_connection_gatt_backend.h; esp32 uses its Bluedroid client).
+  /// Today: esp32 and rp2.
   bool gatt;
   /// request_scan_mode() is honored at runtime. Distinct from active_scan:
-  /// a passive-only controller (bk72xx) can never switch, and a hub may
-  /// support active scanning yet still refuse the runtime switch
-  /// (esp32_ble_tracker drives its mode through its own tracker API).
+  /// a passive-only controller can never switch, and a hub may support
+  /// active scanning yet still refuse the runtime switch (esp32_ble_tracker
+  /// drives its mode through its own tracker API).
   bool scan_mode_switch;
 };
 
-class BLEHub {
- public:
-  virtual ~BLEHub() = default;
-
-  /// Register a parsed-advertisement consumer (BLE sensors, automation triggers).
-  virtual void register_listener(ESPBTDeviceListener *listener) = 0;
-
-  /// Wire the raw-advertisement stream (bluetooth_proxy). One consumer at a time.
-  virtual void set_raw_advertisement_callback(RawAdvertisementCallback callback) = 0;
-
-  virtual HubCapabilities get_capabilities() const = 0;
-
-  /// Adapter MAC in printable (MSB-first) order, out[0] = MSB.
-  virtual void get_adapter_mac(uint8_t out[6]) = 0;
-
-  virtual bool scan_running() = 0;
-  /// True when the current/configured scan mode is active (scan requests sent).
-  virtual bool scan_active() = 0;
-  /// Request a scan-mode change (active = send scan requests). Returns false
-  /// when the hub cannot honor the request; the caller reports the real state
-  /// back to its subscriber. A hub that returns true applies the mode
-  /// immediately: a running scan is restarted with the new mode, an idle one
-  /// picks it up on its next start. The default cannot-change keeps hubs
-  /// without a mode switch (and out-of-tree trackers) building unchanged.
-  /// Independent of HubCapabilities::active_scan: that bit describes what the
-  /// CONTROLLER can do; whether this method honors requests is advertised by
-  /// HubCapabilities::scan_mode_switch, so consumers can gate features on the
-  /// switch without probing.
-  virtual bool request_scan_mode(bool active) { return false; }
+// The BLEHub method surface, asserted where ble_hub_impl.h binds the alias.
+// Semantics beyond the signatures:
+// - register_listener: parsed-advertisement consumers (sensors, triggers).
+// - set_raw_advertisement_callback: raw stream, one consumer at a time.
+// - get_adapter_mac: printable order, out[0] = MSB.
+// - scan_active: the current/configured mode sends scan requests.
+// - request_scan_mode: false = cannot honor, state untouched (the caller
+//   reports the real state back); true = applied immediately, restarting a
+//   running scan. Honoring is advertised by HubCapabilities::scan_mode_switch.
+// Push hubs additionally provide set_scanner_state_callback(ScannerStateCallback)
+// and get_scanner_state() under USE_BLE_SCANNER_STATE_CALLBACK; the concept
+// requires both exactly when that define is set. A push hub must emit a
+// transition for every accepted or refused mode request - consumers skip
+// their own mode report on push builds.
+template<typename T>
+concept BLEHubContract = requires(T hub, ESPBTDeviceListener *listener, RawAdvertisementCallback raw_callback,
+                                  uint8_t *mac) {
+  hub.register_listener(listener);
+  hub.set_raw_advertisement_callback(raw_callback);
+  { T::get_capabilities() } -> std::same_as<HubCapabilities>;
+  hub.get_adapter_mac(mac);
+  { hub.scan_running() } -> std::same_as<bool>;
+  { hub.scan_active() } -> std::same_as<bool>;
+  { hub.request_scan_mode(true) } -> std::same_as<bool>;
+#ifdef USE_BLE_SCANNER_STATE_CALLBACK
+  hub.set_scanner_state_callback(ScannerStateCallback{});
+  { hub.get_scanner_state() } -> std::same_as<ScannerState>;
+#endif
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::ble_device_base
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_hub_impl.h b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_hub_impl.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..87214ca7f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_hub_impl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// ble_hub_impl.h
+//
+// Binds ble_device_base::BLEHub to the build's one tracker; each tracker's
+// codegen emits its USE_*_BLE_TRACKER define. Consumers include this header,
+// trackers include ble_hub.h (the contract).
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ble_hub.h"
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#if defined(USE_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER)
+#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#define ESPHOME_BLE_HUB_TYPE esp32_ble_tracker::ESP32BLETracker
+#elif defined(USE_RP2_BLE_TRACKER)
+#include "esphome/components/rp2_ble_tracker/rp2_ble_tracker.h"
+#define ESPHOME_BLE_HUB_TYPE rp2_ble_tracker::RP2BLETracker
+#elif defined(USE_BK72XX_BLE_TRACKER)
+#include "esphome/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/bk72xx_ble_tracker.h"
+#define ESPHOME_BLE_HUB_TYPE bk72xx_ble_tracker::BK72xxBLETracker
+#elif defined(USE_LN882H_BLE_TRACKER)
+#include "esphome/components/ln882h_ble_tracker/ln882h_ble_tracker.h"
+#define ESPHOME_BLE_HUB_TYPE ln882h_ble_tracker::LN882HBLETracker
+#endif
+// No #else on purpose: builds without a tracker (host unit tests) get no BLEHub.
+
+namespace esphome::ble_device_base {
+
+#ifdef ESPHOME_BLE_HUB_TYPE
+using BLEHub = ESPHOME_BLE_HUB_TYPE;
+static_assert(BLEHubContract<BLEHub>, "The build's BLE tracker is missing part of the BLEHub surface (ble_hub.h)");
+#undef ESPHOME_BLE_HUB_TYPE
+#endif
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ble_device_base
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_device_base/scan_response_merger.cpp b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/scan_response_merger.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2c0d766683
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/scan_response_merger.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+#include "scan_response_merger.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_BLE_SCAN_RESPONSE_MERGER
+
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+#include <cstring>
+
+namespace esphome::ble_device_base {
+
+void ScanResponseMerger::deliver_(const uint8_t *mac, int8_t rssi, uint8_t addr_type, const uint8_t *data,
+                                  uint8_t data_len, bool raw_only) {
+  // A partial bind is treated as unbound; never dereference half a binding.
+  if (this->dispatcher_ == nullptr || this->scan_continuous_ == nullptr)
+    return;
+  this->dispatcher_->dispatch(mac, rssi, addr_type, data, data_len, raw_only,
+                              *this->scan_continuous_ ? nullptr : this->log_tag_);
+}
+
+void ScanResponseMerger::stash_adv(const uint8_t *mac, int8_t rssi, uint8_t addr_type, const uint8_t *data,
+                                   uint8_t data_len, uint32_t now) {
+  // One pass: find a same-device entry (deliver + reuse) while remembering the
+  // first free slot as the fallback.
+  PendingAdv *slot = nullptr;
+  PendingAdv *free_slot = nullptr;
+  for (auto &p : this->pending_adv_) {
+    if (!p.used) {
+      if (free_slot == nullptr)
+        free_slot = &p;
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (p.addr_type == addr_type && memcmp(p.mac, mac, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE) == 0) {
+      // Same device advertised again before its scan response arrived — deliver
+      // the previous advertisement (its scan response is not coming) and reuse
+      // the slot, so no frame is ever lost.
+      p.used = false;
+      this->pending_count_--;
+      this->deliver_(p.mac, p.rssi, p.addr_type, p.data, p.data_len, /*raw_only=*/false);
+      slot = &p;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  if (slot == nullptr)
+    slot = free_slot;
+  if (slot == nullptr) {
+    // Table full — degrade gracefully: deliver the advertisement unmerged.
+    this->deliver_(mac, rssi, addr_type, data, data_len, /*raw_only=*/false);
+    return;
+  }
+  slot->used = true;
+  this->pending_count_++;
+  memcpy(slot->mac, mac, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE);
+  slot->addr_type = addr_type;
+  slot->rssi = rssi;
+  slot->data_len = (data_len <= sizeof(slot->data)) ? data_len : sizeof(slot->data);
+  memcpy(slot->data, data, slot->data_len);
+  slot->stored_ms = now;
+}
+
+void ScanResponseMerger::submit_scan_rsp(const uint8_t *mac, int8_t rssi, uint8_t addr_type, const uint8_t *data,
+                                         uint8_t data_len) {
+  // Fast-out on the empty table (sweep/flush use the same guard); this is the
+  // hottest caller.
+  if (this->pending_count_ != 0) {
+    for (auto &p : this->pending_adv_) {
+      if (p.used && p.addr_type == addr_type && memcmp(p.mac, mac, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE) == 0) {
+        // Append in place: the slot is released on delivery, so its 62-byte
+        // buffer (legacy adv + scan response) holds the merged frame directly.
+        const uint8_t room = sizeof(p.data) - p.data_len;
+        const uint8_t add = (data_len <= room) ? data_len : room;
+        memcpy(p.data + p.data_len, data, add);
+        p.used = false;
+        this->pending_count_--;
+        // The advertisement's RSSI, not the scan response's (header contract).
+        this->deliver_(mac, p.rssi, addr_type, p.data, p.data_len + add, /*raw_only=*/false);
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  // Unmatched scan-response: goes out on the raw callback only (HA merges per
+  // address); local listeners/triggers receive each advertisement exactly once
+  // via the merged/plain path above.
+  this->deliver_(mac, rssi, addr_type, data, data_len, /*raw_only=*/true);
+}
+
+void ScanResponseMerger::sweep(uint32_t now) {
+  if (this->pending_count_ == 0)
+    return;
+  for (auto &p : this->pending_adv_) {
+    if (p.used && now - p.stored_ms > PENDING_ADV_TIMEOUT_MS) {
+      p.used = false;
+      this->pending_count_--;
+      this->deliver_(p.mac, p.rssi, p.addr_type, p.data, p.data_len, /*raw_only=*/false);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void ScanResponseMerger::flush() {
+  if (this->pending_count_ == 0)
+    return;
+  for (auto &p : this->pending_adv_) {
+    if (p.used) {
+      p.used = false;
+      this->pending_count_--;
+      this->deliver_(p.mac, p.rssi, p.addr_type, p.data, p.data_len, /*raw_only=*/false);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void AdvDispatcher::dispatch(const uint8_t *mac, int8_t rssi, uint8_t addr_type, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t data_len,
+                             bool raw_only, const char *log_unclaimed_tag) {
+  // Raw callback (the raw-advertisement path). Both full advertisements and
+  // unmatched scan responses (raw_only) are forwarded.
+  if (this->raw_callback_.is_set()) {
+    const RawAdvertisement adv{.address = mac_lsb_first_to_uint64(mac),
+                               .data = data,
+                               .data_len = data_len,
+                               .rssi = rssi,
+                               .addr_type = addr_type};
+    this->raw_callback_.invoke(adv);
+  }
+
+#ifdef ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT
+  // Scan-response-only frames are never parsed for local sensors/triggers.
+  if (raw_only)
+    return;
+  ESPBTDevice device;
+  device.from_scan_result(mac, rssi, addr_type, data, data_len);
+  // The listener list holds sensors AND the tracker's automation triggers
+  // (the triggers are listeners, exactly like esp32_ble_tracker), so one
+  // loop feeds both and ORs into `found`.
+  bool found = false;
+  for (auto *listener : this->listeners_) {
+    if (listener->parse_device(device)) {
+      found = true;
+    }
+  }
+  if (!found && log_unclaimed_tag != nullptr)
+    this->discovered_log_.log_device(log_unclaimed_tag, device);
+#endif  // ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT
+}
+
+void AdvDispatcher::on_scan_end() {
+#ifdef ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT
+  for (auto *listener : this->listeners_)
+    listener->on_scan_end();
+  this->discovered_log_.clear();  // reset per-scan "Found device" dedup (esp32_ble_tracker parity)
+#endif
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ble_device_base
+
+#endif  // USE_BLE_SCAN_RESPONSE_MERGER
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_device_base/scan_response_merger.h b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/scan_response_merger.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f28790f207
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/scan_response_merger.h
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+// Shared support for trackers whose controller delivers advertisement and
+// scan response as SEPARATE reports (ln882h, rp2, bk72xx; ESP-IDF concatenates
+// both into one result before ESPHome sees it):
+//
+//   ScanResponseMerger — Bluedroid-style merge: a scannable advertisement is
+//   held briefly, its scan response is appended on arrival and the pair is
+//   delivered as ONE merged frame. Merged delivery is what the receiving side
+//   is built around: Home Assistant keeps the latest raw frame per device and
+//   skips re-parsing when it is unchanged — split delivery alternates two raw
+//   frames per device and defeats both.
+//
+//   AdvDispatcher — the delivery half every such tracker repeats: raw
+//   callback, listener parsing, discovered-device log. Trackers delegate
+//   their BLEHub register_listener / set_raw_advertisement_callback here.
+//
+// The merger delivers straight into the tracker's AdvDispatcher — bind() wires
+// the pair once in setup(). Single-task use only (every tracker calls this on
+// the ESPHome main task). The clock is caller-provided: pass the same clock to
+// stash_adv() and sweep() (millis() or App.get_loop_component_start_time(),
+// never mixed).
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+// Emitted (cg.add_define) by each tracker that adopts the merger, so builds
+// whose tracker merges in-stack (esp32) never compile this code.
+#ifdef USE_BLE_SCAN_RESPONSE_MERGER
+
+#include "ble_device.h"
+#include "ble_hub.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace esphome::ble_device_base {
+
+/// The delivery half of a split-report tracker, shared so the dispatch
+/// contract (raw-callback ordering, raw_only gate, discovered-log policy)
+/// lives in one place. Owns the members every tracker otherwise duplicates;
+/// the tracker's BLEHub methods delegate here.
+class AdvDispatcher {
+ public:
+  void register_listener(ESPBTDeviceListener *listener) {
+#ifdef ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT
+    this->listeners_.push_back(listener);
+#endif
+  }
+  void set_raw_advertisement_callback(RawAdvertisementCallback callback) { this->raw_callback_ = callback; }
+  /// Dispatch one (possibly merged) advertisement: the raw callback, and —
+  /// unless raw_only — parsing for listeners/triggers. raw_only marks
+  /// unmatched scan-response frames: forwarded on the raw callback only, never
+  /// parsed for local sensors/triggers (Home Assistant merges per address).
+  /// log_unclaimed_tag: when non-null, a device no listener claimed is logged
+  /// under this tag (esp32_ble_tracker parity: pass the tracker TAG on
+  /// one-shot scans, nullptr on continuous scans, which would spam).
+  void dispatch(const uint8_t *mac, int8_t rssi, uint8_t addr_type, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t data_len,
+                bool raw_only, const char *log_unclaimed_tag);
+  /// Fire listeners' on_scan_end and reset the per-scan discovered-log dedup.
+  void on_scan_end();
+
+ protected:
+  RawAdvertisementCallback raw_callback_{};
+#ifdef ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT
+  // Parsed-advertisement consumers registered through ble_device_base.
+  // Codegen-sized: no heap allocation, no std::vector template instantiations.
+  StaticVector<ESPBTDeviceListener *, ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT> listeners_;
+  // Per-period "Found device" DEBUG log with MAC dedup. Guarded like its only
+  // writer so a no-listener build does not carry an unused vector.
+  DiscoveredDeviceLog discovered_log_{};
+#endif
+};
+
+class ScanResponseMerger {
+ public:
+  /// Wire the merger's output; call once in the tracker's setup(). Every
+  /// delivered frame goes to dispatcher->dispatch(); scan_continuous is read
+  /// at each delivery (runtime continuous flips are honored) to decide the
+  /// unclaimed-device log tag, so both pointers must outlive the merger —
+  /// tracker members always do.
+  void bind(AdvDispatcher *dispatcher, const bool *scan_continuous, const char *log_tag) {
+    this->dispatcher_ = dispatcher;
+    this->scan_continuous_ = scan_continuous;
+    this->log_tag_ = log_tag;
+  }
+  /// Hold a scannable advertisement, waiting for its scan response. The
+  /// tracker calls this only when it wants the merge (scannable advertisement
+  /// while an active scan runs) and delivers everything else directly. A
+  /// same-device re-advertisement delivers the held frame (its scan response
+  /// is not coming) and reuses the slot; a full table degrades gracefully to
+  /// unmerged delivery.
+  void stash_adv(const uint8_t *mac, int8_t rssi, uint8_t addr_type, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t data_len,
+                 uint32_t now);
+  /// A scan response arrived: append it to the held advertisement from the
+  /// same device and deliver the pair as one frame. The merged frame reports
+  /// the ADVERTISEMENT's RSSI — every unmerged path reports the
+  /// advertisement's measurement, so a device's RSSI must not jump between two
+  /// measurements depending on merge timing. Unmatched responses are delivered
+  /// raw_only.
+  void submit_scan_rsp(const uint8_t *mac, int8_t rssi, uint8_t addr_type, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t data_len);
+  /// Timeout flush (call from loop() with the stash_adv() clock): deliver
+  /// held advertisements whose scan response never arrived (device didn't
+  /// answer / frame lost) — unmerged, past PENDING_ADV_TIMEOUT_MS.
+  void sweep(uint32_t now);
+  /// Deliver every held advertisement now (scan period/scan is ending, before
+  /// on_scan_end fires): unmerged delivery, same as the timeout path.
+  void flush();
+  /// Lets loop() skip the cross-TU sweep() call in the common case (empty:
+  /// passive scan, or every pair already matched).
+  bool empty() const { return this->pending_count_ == 0; }
+
+ private:
+  /// All delivery funnels through here: an unbound merger (bind() not called)
+  /// drops the frame instead of jumping through a null pointer, mirroring the
+  /// guard-before-invoke convention of the ble_hub.h callback slots.
+  void deliver_(const uint8_t *mac, int8_t rssi, uint8_t addr_type, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t data_len,
+                bool raw_only);
+
+  // 62 bytes = legacy adv (31) + scan response (31), the same merged maximum
+  // as ESP-IDF delivers on ESP32.
+  struct PendingAdv {
+    bool used{false};
+    uint8_t mac[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];
+    uint8_t addr_type;
+    int8_t rssi;
+    uint8_t data_len;  // <= sizeof(data)
+    uint8_t data[62];
+    uint32_t stored_ms;
+  };
+  // Sized for the unanswered case: a pair that IS answered normally matches
+  // within one report-queue drain, so a slot is held for the full timeout only
+  // by scannable devices that never reply. 8 concurrent such advertisers
+  // before the merge degrades (frames still delivered, just unmerged) at
+  // ~80 B each.
+  static constexpr size_t MAX_PENDING_ADV = 8;
+  // On air a scan response follows its advertisement by T_IFS (150 µs) — the
+  // timeout only covers HOST-side report queuing under WiFi/BLE coexistence,
+  // measured on-device (ln882h) at up to ~136 ms. 300 ms = >2x that margin,
+  // while staying below any device's re-advertising period.
+  static constexpr uint32_t PENDING_ADV_TIMEOUT_MS = 300;
+  AdvDispatcher *dispatcher_{nullptr};
+  const bool *scan_continuous_{nullptr};  // read at delivery; see bind()
+  const char *log_tag_{nullptr};
+  // pending_count_ mirrors the number of set `used` flags; both are updated
+  // together on every transition.
+  PendingAdv pending_adv_[MAX_PENDING_ADV];
+  uint8_t pending_count_{0};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ble_device_base
+
+#endif  // USE_BLE_SCAN_RESPONSE_MERGER
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_presence/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/ble_presence/binary_sensor.py
index 3a0f1ade98..a43d3561f8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_presence/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_presence/binary_sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import binary_sensor, esp32_ble_tracker
+from esphome.components import binary_sensor, ble_device_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_IBEACON_MAJOR,
@@ -10,21 +10,22 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_SERVICE_UUID,
     CONF_TIMEOUT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_IRK = "irk"
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base"]
 
 ble_presence_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("ble_presence")
 BLEPresenceDevice = ble_presence_ns.class_(
     "BLEPresenceDevice",
     binary_sensor.BinarySensor,
     cg.Component,
-    esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener,
+    ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener,
 )
 
 
-def _validate(config):
+def _validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_IBEACON_MAJOR in config and CONF_IBEACON_UUID not in config:
         raise cv.Invalid("iBeacon major identifier requires iBeacon UUID")
     if CONF_IBEACON_MINOR in config and CONF_IBEACON_UUID not in config:
@@ -33,23 +34,24 @@ def _validate(config):
 
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("ble_presence"),
     binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(BLEPresenceDevice)
     .extend(
         {
             cv.Optional(CONF_MAC_ADDRESS): cv.mac_address,
             cv.Optional(CONF_IRK): cv.uuid,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_SERVICE_UUID): esp32_ble_tracker.bt_uuid,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_SERVICE_UUID): ble_device_base.bt_uuid,
             cv.Optional(CONF_IBEACON_MAJOR): cv.uint16_t,
             cv.Optional(CONF_IBEACON_MINOR): cv.uint16_t,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_IBEACON_UUID): esp32_ble_tracker.bt_uuid,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_IBEACON_UUID): ble_device_base.bt_uuid,
             cv.Optional(CONF_TIMEOUT, default="5min"): cv.positive_time_period,
             cv.Optional(CONF_MIN_RSSI): cv.All(
                 cv.decibel, cv.int_range(min=-100, max=-30)
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
-    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
     cv.has_exactly_one_key(
         CONF_MAC_ADDRESS, CONF_IRK, CONF_SERVICE_UUID, CONF_IBEACON_UUID
     ),
@@ -57,10 +59,10 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_timeout(config[CONF_TIMEOUT].total_milliseconds))
     if min_rssi := config.get(CONF_MIN_RSSI):
@@ -70,20 +72,15 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add(var.set_address(mac_address.as_hex))
 
     if irk := config.get(CONF_IRK):
-        irk = esp32_ble_tracker.as_hex_array(str(irk))
+        ble_device_base.request_irk_support()
+        irk = ble_device_base.as_hex_array(str(irk))
         cg.add(var.set_irk(irk))
 
     if service_uuid := config.get(CONF_SERVICE_UUID):
-        if len(service_uuid) == len(esp32_ble_tracker.bt_uuid16_format):
-            cg.add(var.set_service_uuid16(esp32_ble_tracker.as_hex(service_uuid)))
-        elif len(service_uuid) == len(esp32_ble_tracker.bt_uuid32_format):
-            cg.add(var.set_service_uuid32(esp32_ble_tracker.as_hex(service_uuid)))
-        elif len(service_uuid) == len(esp32_ble_tracker.bt_uuid128_format):
-            uuid128 = esp32_ble_tracker.as_reversed_hex_array(service_uuid)
-            cg.add(var.set_service_uuid128(uuid128))
+        ble_device_base.add_service_uuid(var, service_uuid)
 
     if ibeacon_uuid := config.get(CONF_IBEACON_UUID):
-        ibeacon_uuid = esp32_ble_tracker.as_reversed_hex_array(ibeacon_uuid)
+        ibeacon_uuid = ble_device_base.as_reversed_hex_array(ibeacon_uuid)
         cg.add(var.set_ibeacon_uuid(ibeacon_uuid))
 
         if (ibeacon_major := config.get(CONF_IBEACON_MAJOR)) is not None:
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_presence/ble_presence_device.cpp b/esphome/components/ble_presence/ble_presence_device.cpp
index 4a70648ac5..bc169623ce 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_presence/ble_presence_device.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_presence/ble_presence_device.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #include "ble_presence_device.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::ble_presence {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "ble_presence";
@@ -10,5 +8,3 @@ static const char *const TAG = "ble_presence";
 void BLEPresenceDevice::dump_config() { LOG_BINARY_SENSOR("", "BLE Presence", this); }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::ble_presence
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_presence/ble_presence_device.h b/esphome/components/ble_presence/ble_presence_device.h
index e17e26ff1c..4e49cc32a3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_presence/ble_presence_device.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_presence/ble_presence_device.h
@@ -1,15 +1,17 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
+// No platform #ifdef: ble_device_base provides the BLE types on every platform,
+// and this component is only compiled when configured — which requires a BLE
+// hub — so it builds on any platform with a BLEHub tracker without a per-chip
+// guard.
 namespace esphome::ble_presence {
 
 class BLEPresenceDevice final : public binary_sensor::BinarySensorInitiallyOff,
-                                public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener,
+                                public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener,
                                 public Component {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) {
@@ -22,19 +24,19 @@ class BLEPresenceDevice final : public binary_sensor::BinarySensorInitiallyOff,
   }
   void set_service_uuid16(uint16_t uuid) {
     this->match_by_ = MATCH_BY_SERVICE_UUID;
-    this->uuid_ = esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(uuid);
+    this->uuid_ = ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(uuid);
   }
   void set_service_uuid32(uint32_t uuid) {
     this->match_by_ = MATCH_BY_SERVICE_UUID;
-    this->uuid_ = esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID::from_uint32(uuid);
+    this->uuid_ = ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_uint32(uuid);
   }
   void set_service_uuid128(uint8_t *uuid) {
     this->match_by_ = MATCH_BY_SERVICE_UUID;
-    this->uuid_ = esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID::from_raw(uuid);
+    this->uuid_ = ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_raw(uuid);
   }
   void set_ibeacon_uuid(uint8_t *uuid) {
     this->match_by_ = MATCH_BY_IBEACON_UUID;
-    this->ibeacon_uuid_ = esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID::from_raw(uuid);
+    this->ibeacon_uuid_ = ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_raw(uuid);
   }
   void set_ibeacon_major(uint16_t major) {
     this->check_ibeacon_major_ = true;
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ class BLEPresenceDevice final : public binary_sensor::BinarySensorInitiallyOff,
     this->minimum_rssi_ = rssi;
   }
   void set_timeout(uint32_t timeout) { this->timeout_ = timeout; }
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override {
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override {
     if (this->check_minimum_rssi_ && this->minimum_rssi_ > device.get_rssi()) {
       return false;
     }
@@ -119,9 +121,9 @@ class BLEPresenceDevice final : public binary_sensor::BinarySensorInitiallyOff,
   uint64_t address_;
   uint8_t *irk_;
 
-  esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID uuid_;
+  ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID uuid_;
 
-  esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID ibeacon_uuid_;
+  ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID ibeacon_uuid_;
   uint16_t ibeacon_major_{0};
   uint16_t ibeacon_minor_{0};
 
@@ -137,5 +139,3 @@ class BLEPresenceDevice final : public binary_sensor::BinarySensorInitiallyOff,
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::ble_presence
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_rssi/ble_rssi_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/ble_rssi/ble_rssi_sensor.cpp
index f678865f47..7c7c7b2148 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_rssi/ble_rssi_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_rssi/ble_rssi_sensor.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #include "ble_rssi_sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::ble_rssi {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "ble_rssi";
@@ -10,5 +8,3 @@ static const char *const TAG = "ble_rssi";
 void BLERSSISensor::dump_config() { LOG_SENSOR("", "BLE RSSI Sensor", this); }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::ble_rssi
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_rssi/ble_rssi_sensor.h b/esphome/components/ble_rssi/ble_rssi_sensor.h
index 8e804ab8e7..a30b94b8b7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_rssi/ble_rssi_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_rssi/ble_rssi_sensor.h
@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
+// No platform #ifdef: ble_device_base provides the BLE types on every platform,
+// and this component is only compiled when configured — which requires a BLE
+// hub — so it builds on any platform with a BLEHub tracker without a per-chip
+// guard.
 namespace esphome::ble_rssi {
 
-class BLERSSISensor final : public sensor::Sensor, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener, public Component {
+class BLERSSISensor final : public sensor::Sensor, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener, public Component {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) {
     this->match_by_ = MATCH_BY_MAC_ADDRESS;
@@ -20,19 +22,19 @@ class BLERSSISensor final : public sensor::Sensor, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESP
   }
   void set_service_uuid16(uint16_t uuid) {
     this->match_by_ = MATCH_BY_SERVICE_UUID;
-    this->uuid_ = esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(uuid);
+    this->uuid_ = ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(uuid);
   }
   void set_service_uuid32(uint32_t uuid) {
     this->match_by_ = MATCH_BY_SERVICE_UUID;
-    this->uuid_ = esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID::from_uint32(uuid);
+    this->uuid_ = ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_uint32(uuid);
   }
   void set_service_uuid128(uint8_t *uuid) {
     this->match_by_ = MATCH_BY_SERVICE_UUID;
-    this->uuid_ = esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID::from_raw(uuid);
+    this->uuid_ = ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_raw(uuid);
   }
   void set_ibeacon_uuid(uint8_t *uuid) {
     this->match_by_ = MATCH_BY_IBEACON_UUID;
-    this->ibeacon_uuid_ = esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID::from_raw(uuid);
+    this->ibeacon_uuid_ = ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_raw(uuid);
   }
   void set_ibeacon_major(uint16_t major) {
     this->check_ibeacon_major_ = true;
@@ -47,7 +49,7 @@ class BLERSSISensor final : public sensor::Sensor, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESP
       this->publish_state(NAN);
     this->found_ = false;
   }
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override {
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override {
     switch (this->match_by_) {
       case MATCH_BY_MAC_ADDRESS:
         if (device.address_uint64() == this->address_) {
@@ -109,9 +111,9 @@ class BLERSSISensor final : public sensor::Sensor, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESP
   uint64_t address_;
   uint8_t *irk_;
 
-  esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID uuid_;
+  ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID uuid_;
 
-  esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID ibeacon_uuid_;
+  ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID ibeacon_uuid_;
   uint16_t ibeacon_major_;
   uint16_t ibeacon_minor_;
 
@@ -120,5 +122,3 @@ class BLERSSISensor final : public sensor::Sensor, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESP
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::ble_rssi
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_rssi/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ble_rssi/sensor.py
index c4e767aa21..6813505d58 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_rssi/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_rssi/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_IBEACON_MAJOR,
@@ -11,18 +11,19 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_DECIBEL_MILLIWATT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_IRK = "irk"
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base"]
 
 ble_rssi_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("ble_rssi")
 BLERSSISensor = ble_rssi_ns.class_(
-    "BLERSSISensor", sensor.Sensor, cg.Component, esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener
+    "BLERSSISensor", sensor.Sensor, cg.Component, ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener
 )
 
 
-def _validate(config):
+def _validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_IBEACON_MAJOR in config and CONF_IBEACON_UUID not in config:
         raise cv.Invalid("iBeacon major identifier requires iBeacon UUID")
     if CONF_IBEACON_MINOR in config and CONF_IBEACON_UUID not in config:
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ def _validate(config):
 
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("ble_rssi"),
     sensor.sensor_schema(
         BLERSSISensor,
         unit_of_measurement=UNIT_DECIBEL_MILLIWATT,
@@ -42,14 +44,14 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
         {
             cv.Optional(CONF_MAC_ADDRESS): cv.mac_address,
             cv.Optional(CONF_IRK): cv.uuid,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_SERVICE_UUID): esp32_ble_tracker.bt_uuid,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_SERVICE_UUID): ble_device_base.bt_uuid,
             cv.Optional(CONF_IBEACON_MAJOR): cv.uint16_t,
             cv.Optional(CONF_IBEACON_MINOR): cv.uint16_t,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_IBEACON_UUID): esp32_ble_tracker.bt_uuid,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_IBEACON_UUID): ble_device_base.bt_uuid,
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
-    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
     cv.has_exactly_one_key(
         CONF_MAC_ADDRESS, CONF_IRK, CONF_SERVICE_UUID, CONF_IBEACON_UUID
     ),
@@ -57,29 +59,24 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     if mac_address := config.get(CONF_MAC_ADDRESS):
         cg.add(var.set_address(mac_address.as_hex))
 
     if irk := config.get(CONF_IRK):
-        irk = esp32_ble_tracker.as_hex_array(str(irk))
+        ble_device_base.request_irk_support()
+        irk = ble_device_base.as_hex_array(str(irk))
         cg.add(var.set_irk(irk))
 
     if service_uuid := config.get(CONF_SERVICE_UUID):
-        if len(service_uuid) == len(esp32_ble_tracker.bt_uuid16_format):
-            cg.add(var.set_service_uuid16(esp32_ble_tracker.as_hex(service_uuid)))
-        elif len(service_uuid) == len(esp32_ble_tracker.bt_uuid32_format):
-            cg.add(var.set_service_uuid32(esp32_ble_tracker.as_hex(service_uuid)))
-        elif len(service_uuid) == len(esp32_ble_tracker.bt_uuid128_format):
-            uuid128 = esp32_ble_tracker.as_reversed_hex_array(service_uuid)
-            cg.add(var.set_service_uuid128(uuid128))
+        ble_device_base.add_service_uuid(var, service_uuid)
 
     if ibeacon_uuid := config.get(CONF_IBEACON_UUID):
-        ibeacon_uuid = esp32_ble_tracker.as_reversed_hex_array(ibeacon_uuid)
+        ibeacon_uuid = ble_device_base.as_reversed_hex_array(ibeacon_uuid)
         cg.add(var.set_ibeacon_uuid(ibeacon_uuid))
 
         if (ibeacon_major := config.get(CONF_IBEACON_MAJOR)) is not None:
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_scanner/ble_scanner.cpp b/esphome/components/ble_scanner/ble_scanner.cpp
index d85894edc8..3d7a301793 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_scanner/ble_scanner.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_scanner/ble_scanner.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #include "ble_scanner.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::ble_scanner {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "ble_scanner";
@@ -10,5 +8,3 @@ static const char *const TAG = "ble_scanner";
 void BLEScanner::dump_config() { LOG_TEXT_SENSOR("", "BLE Scanner", this); }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::ble_scanner
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_scanner/ble_scanner.h b/esphome/components/ble_scanner/ble_scanner.h
index b4e4488646..0efc42682b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_scanner/ble_scanner.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_scanner/ble_scanner.h
@@ -7,18 +7,18 @@
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/string_ref.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
+// No platform #ifdef: ble_device_base provides the BLE types on every platform,
+// and this component is only compiled when configured — which requires a BLE
+// hub — so it builds on any platform with a BLEHub tracker without a per-chip
+// guard.
 namespace esphome::ble_scanner {
 
-class BLEScanner final : public text_sensor::TextSensor,
-                         public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener,
-                         public Component {
+class BLEScanner final : public text_sensor::TextSensor, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener, public Component {
  public:
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override {
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override {
     char addr_buf[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
     // Escape special characters in the device name for valid JSON. Control characters stay in the \u00XX form this
     // sensor has always published.
@@ -35,5 +35,3 @@ class BLEScanner final : public text_sensor::TextSensor,
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::ble_scanner
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_scanner/text_sensor.py b/esphome/components/ble_scanner/text_sensor.py
index 96d71a0399..0c60b53783 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_scanner/text_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_scanner/text_sensor.py
@@ -1,25 +1,27 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, text_sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base"]
 
 ble_scanner_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("ble_scanner")
 BLEScanner = ble_scanner_ns.class_(
     "BLEScanner",
     text_sensor.TextSensor,
     cg.Component,
-    esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener,
+    ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener,
 )
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("ble_scanner"),
     text_sensor.text_sensor_schema(BLEScanner)
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fa1a86be3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+"""Per-platform GATT connection backends and the helpers to embed one.
+
+Backends: esp32 Bluedroid, rp2 BTstack. No user-facing configuration; the
+Bluetooth proxy's codegen declares and registers the backend instances
+through gatt_client_schema()/hub_connection_schema() + new_gatt_backend().
+"""
+
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import rp2040_ble
+from esphome.config_helpers import (
+    filter_source_files_from_platform,
+    frameworks_for_platforms,
+)
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import PLATFORM_ESP32, PLATFORM_RP2, PlatformFramework
+from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+
+def AUTO_LOAD() -> list[str]:
+    """ble_device_base plus the platform BLE stack the build's backend
+    registers with (the Bluedroid header includes the tracker's), so
+    consumers need not know. The platform-less arm serves manifest tooling."""
+    if CORE.is_esp32:
+        return ["ble_device_base", "esp32_ble_tracker"]
+    if CORE.is_rp2:
+        return ["ble_device_base", "rp2040_ble"]
+    if CORE.target_platform is None:
+        return ["ble_device_base", "esp32_ble_tracker", "rp2040_ble"]
+    return ["ble_device_base"]
+
+
+CODEOWNERS = ["@bdraco", "@jesserockz"]
+
+bluetooth_connection_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("bluetooth_connection")
+
+# arduino-pico's prebuilt BTstack is compiled with MAX_NR_GATT_CLIENTS 1 and
+# MAX_NR_HCI_CONNECTIONS 2; for more than one backend, rp2040_ble's
+# btstack_memory.cpp replaces those pools via linker --wrap (requested by
+# _rp2_register), sized from ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT. The cap itself
+# belongs to the platform stack that owns the pools.
+RP2_MAX_CONNECTIONS = rp2040_ble.MAX_CONNECTIONS
+
+# Slot limits for the hub platforms running the connection-capable proxy;
+# the backend registry itself is _PLATFORM_BACKENDS below.
+HUB_MAX_CONNECTIONS: dict[str, int] = {PLATFORM_RP2: RP2_MAX_CONNECTIONS}
+
+# The hub-platform wrapper and the backend codegen classes.
+HubBluetoothConnection = bluetooth_connection_ns.class_("BluetoothConnection")
+RP2GattClient = bluetooth_connection_ns.class_("RP2GattClient", cg.Component)
+BluedroidGattClient = bluetooth_connection_ns.class_(
+    "BluedroidGattClient", cg.Component
+)
+
+CONF_BACKEND_ID = "backend_id"
+
+DOMAIN = "bluetooth_connection"
+
+
+@dataclass
+class _ConnectionData:
+    rp2_backend_count: int = 0
+
+
+def _get_data() -> _ConnectionData:
+    if DOMAIN not in CORE.data:
+        CORE.data[DOMAIN] = _ConnectionData()
+    return CORE.data[DOMAIN]
+
+
+def _esp32_schema_fragment() -> cv.Schema:
+    from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker
+
+    return esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA
+
+
+def _rp2_schema_fragment() -> cv.Schema:
+    return cv.Schema(
+        {cv.GenerateID(rp2040_ble.CONF_RP2040_BLE_ID): cv.use_id(rp2040_ble.RP2040BLE)}
+    )
+
+
+async def _esp32_register(backend: cg.MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker
+
+    # The tracker's promote loop owns connect timing; the backend registers
+    # as a raw client (it is the tracker's ESPBTClient).
+    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_raw_client(backend, config)
+
+
+async def _rp2_register(backend: cg.MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    from esphome.components import ota
+
+    # The backend drops its link when an OTA starts (esp32 tracker parity).
+    ota.request_ota_state_listeners()
+    # More than one backend outgrows the prebuilt BTstack pools: swap them for
+    # the ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT-sized ones in rp2040_ble's
+    # btstack_memory.cpp. Keyed to backend registrations (the same event that
+    # grows the count that sizes the pools), so single-backend builds emit no
+    # flags and stay byte-identical to previous releases.
+    data = _get_data()
+    data.rp2_backend_count += 1
+    if data.rp2_backend_count == 2:
+        rp2040_ble.add_btstack_pool_overrides()
+    await cg.register_parented(backend, config[rp2040_ble.CONF_RP2040_BLE_ID])
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class _PlatformBackend:
+    """One platform's backend: codegen class, extra schema keys, and stack
+    registration. The esp32 fragments import their stack lazily because those
+    imports register esp32-only automations as a side effect; rp2040_ble is
+    side-effect-free, so it is imported at module scope (the cap constant
+    needs it there anyway)."""
+
+    backend_class: cg.MockObjClass
+    schema_fragment: Callable[[], cv.Schema]
+    register: Callable[[cg.MockObj, ConfigType], Awaitable[None]]
+
+
+# The single registry of platforms with a GATT client backend; a platform
+# missing here fails loudly everywhere instead of falling into another
+# platform's arm.
+_PLATFORM_BACKENDS: dict[str, _PlatformBackend] = {
+    PLATFORM_ESP32: _PlatformBackend(
+        BluedroidGattClient, _esp32_schema_fragment, _esp32_register
+    ),
+    PLATFORM_RP2: _PlatformBackend(RP2GattClient, _rp2_schema_fragment, _rp2_register),
+}
+
+
+def _backend_entry(platform: str | None = None) -> _PlatformBackend:
+    key = platform if platform is not None else CORE.target_platform
+    if (entry := _PLATFORM_BACKENDS.get(key)) is None:
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"no GATT client backend is registered for {key}")
+    return entry
+
+
+def gatt_client_schema(platform: str | None = None) -> cv.Schema:
+    """Schema fragment for one GATT backend instance: its generated id plus
+    the platform-stack reference new_gatt_backend() resolves.
+
+    Defaults to the platform being validated; pass `platform` explicitly when
+    building a schema outside validation (the language-schema dumper calls
+    per-platform builders under arbitrary CORE platforms).
+    """
+    entry = _backend_entry(platform)
+    return entry.schema_fragment().extend(
+        {cv.GenerateID(CONF_BACKEND_ID): cv.declare_id(entry.backend_class)}
+    )
+
+
+def hub_connection_schema(platform: str | None = None) -> cv.Schema:
+    """Per-slot schema for the proxy's connection wrappers: the wrapper id on
+    top of the backend fragment, plus the component keys (setup_priority and
+    friends now apply to the backend, the slot's real Component). Same
+    platform rules as gatt_client_schema()."""
+    return (
+        gatt_client_schema(platform)
+        .extend({cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(HubBluetoothConnection)})
+        .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    )
+
+
+async def new_gatt_backend(config: ConfigType) -> cg.MockObj:
+    """Instantiate the backend declared by gatt_client_schema() and register
+    it with its platform stack. The connection slot is claimed at validation
+    (the proxy's slot validators), not here.
+    """
+    from esphome.components import ble_device_base
+
+    ble_device_base.request_gatt_client()
+    backend = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_BACKEND_ID])
+    # The backend is the slot's real Component: component keys from the
+    # connection entry (setup_priority, ...) apply to it. Consumers whose own
+    # schema carries keys that register_component would misapply to the
+    # backend (e.g. a polling interval) must not put them in this config.
+    await cg.register_component(backend, config)
+    await _backend_entry().register(backend, config)
+    return backend
+
+
+# Named so tests can pin the hub entry against bluetooth_proxy's platform
+# list (this module cannot import bluetooth_proxy to derive it).
+SOURCE_FILE_FRAMEWORKS: dict[str, set[PlatformFramework]] = {
+    "bluetooth_connection_bluedroid.cpp": frameworks_for_platforms([PLATFORM_ESP32]),
+    # Every hub platform the proxy admits (the file compiles empty where
+    # USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT is not defined), so a platform gaining a backend
+    # cannot hit a missing-symbol trap here.
+    "bluetooth_connection_hub.cpp": {
+        PlatformFramework.RP2_ARDUINO,
+        PlatformFramework.LN882X_ARDUINO,
+        PlatformFramework.BK72XX_ARDUINO,
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_ARDUINO,
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+    },
+    "bluetooth_connection_rp2.cpp": {PlatformFramework.RP2_ARDUINO},
+}
+
+FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_platform(SOURCE_FILE_FRAMEWORKS)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection.cpp b/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a001729083
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#include "bluetooth_connection.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#include <esp_gap_ble_api.h>
+#include <esp_gattc_api.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+
+#include "esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "bluetooth_connection";
+
+BatchClose close_service_batch(api::BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse &resp, size_t &current_size, int16_t &send_service,
+                               uint8_t connection_index, const char *address_str) {
+  // Calculate the actual size of just this service (+1 for the field tag)
+  size_t service_size = resp.services.back().calculate_size() + 1;
+
+  if (current_size + service_size > MAX_PACKET_SIZE) {
+    if (resp.services.size() > 1) {
+      // We would go over -- pop the last service and retry it in the next batch
+      resp.services.pop_back();
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Service %d would exceed limit (current: %u + service: %u > %u), sending current batch",
+               connection_index, address_str, send_service, (unsigned) current_size, (unsigned) service_size,
+               (unsigned) MAX_PACKET_SIZE);
+      // Don't advance send_service -- the popped service goes into the next batch
+    } else {
+      // This single service is too large, but we have to send it anyway;
+      // advance so we don't get stuck
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Service %d is too large (%u bytes) but sending anyway", connection_index, address_str,
+               send_service, (unsigned) service_size);
+      send_service++;
+    }
+    return BatchClose::SEND;
+  }
+
+  current_size += service_size;
+  send_service++;
+  return BatchClose::CONTINUE;
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection
+
+#endif  // USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT)
+namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection {
+
+// Address-scoped Bluedroid maintenance. Gated with the connection surface:
+// the advertisement-only arm no longer dispatches these requests at all.
+
+conn_err_t unpair_device(uint64_t address) {
+  esp_bd_addr_t bda;
+  ble_device_base::uint64_to_mac_msb_first(address, bda);
+  return esp_ble_remove_bond_device(bda);
+}
+
+conn_err_t clear_gatt_cache(uint64_t address) {
+  esp_bd_addr_t bda;
+  ble_device_base::uint64_to_mac_msb_first(address, bda);
+  return esp_ble_gattc_cache_clean(bda);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection
+#endif  // USE_ESP32 && USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
diff --git a/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection.h b/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b21d997b4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection.h
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+// Shared types and helpers for the per-platform GATT connection backends and
+// the Bluetooth proxy that drives them.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_client_state.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
+
+#include <array>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#include <esp_err.h>
+#endif
+
+// USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS is the single spelling of "this build has
+// proxy connection slots": codegen emits it per configured slot, and each
+// slot brings a GATT backend, so it also implies USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT (not
+// the converse: a backend can exist without proxy slots). The hub
+// wrapper, the proxy's connection surface and the API's connection messages
+// all gate on it. The address-scoped maintenance functions below are only
+// reached from that gated surface; the #else stubs just keep this header
+// parsing on arms without a backend.
+
+namespace esphome::api {
+class BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse;
+}  // namespace esphome::api
+
+namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection {
+
+// Connection-owned error type for the API error fields, which are plain
+// integers on the wire. Aliases esp_err_t on esp32 (where the values come from
+// IDF calls); a bare int elsewhere. Owning the name instead of probing for
+// esp_err_t keeps the header independent of how a platform's SDK spells its
+// error type.
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+using conn_err_t = esp_err_t;
+static constexpr conn_err_t CONN_OK = ESP_OK;
+#else
+using conn_err_t = int;
+static constexpr conn_err_t CONN_OK = 0;
+#endif
+
+// The ESPHome-private "not connected" wire value, shared with the neutral
+// GATT contract so backend and wrapper cannot drift.
+static constexpr conn_err_t GATT_NOT_CONNECTED = ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+
+// What the platform's connection backend supports beyond GATT operations;
+// the proxy derives its feature flags and legacy version from these.
+#if defined(USE_ESP32)
+static constexpr bool SUPPORTS_PAIRING = true;
+static constexpr bool SUPPORTS_CACHE_CLEARING = true;
+#elif defined(USE_RP2040_BLE) && defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT)
+// The rp2 BTstack backend pairs (just works + bonding); it has no service
+// cache to clear. Keyed on the backend, not the generic client define, so a
+// future backend without pairing keeps the stub arm below.
+static constexpr bool SUPPORTS_PAIRING = true;
+static constexpr bool SUPPORTS_CACHE_CLEARING = false;
+#else
+static constexpr bool SUPPORTS_PAIRING = false;
+static constexpr bool SUPPORTS_CACHE_CLEARING = false;
+#endif
+
+// Address-scoped (not connection-scoped) maintenance requests.
+#if (defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_RP2040_BLE)) && defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT)
+conn_err_t unpair_device(uint64_t address);
+#else
+inline conn_err_t unpair_device(uint64_t) { return GATT_NOT_CONNECTED; }
+#endif
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT)
+conn_err_t clear_gatt_cache(uint64_t address);
+#else
+inline conn_err_t clear_gatt_cache(uint64_t) { return GATT_NOT_CONNECTED; }
+#endif
+
+// send_service_ cursor states; >= 0 is the next service index to stream.
+static constexpr int DONE_SENDING_SERVICES = -2;
+static constexpr int INIT_SENDING_SERVICES = -3;
+static constexpr int SERVICES_DONE_PENDING = -4;  // all batches delivered, done-message still owed
+// Every sentinel must stay below the >= 0 streaming gate and clear of
+// GATT_NOT_CONNECTED (-1) so cursor and error values can never be confused.
+static_assert(DONE_SENDING_SERVICES < 0 && INIT_SENDING_SERVICES < 0 && SERVICES_DONE_PENDING < 0);
+static_assert(DONE_SENDING_SERVICES != GATT_NOT_CONNECTED && INIT_SENDING_SERVICES != GATT_NOT_CONNECTED &&
+              SERVICES_DONE_PENDING != GATT_NOT_CONNECTED);
+// Owed-done retries stop here (~3 s at the 100 ms drain cadence): a done
+// delivered near the client's 30 s timeout could land on a fresh request's
+// empty accumulator and cache as an empty database.
+static constexpr uint8_t SERVICES_DONE_RETRY_LIMIT = 30;
+// Owed-ack retries stop after ~25 s of subscribed drain time from the first
+// refusal, keeping most of the client's 30 s GATT window for congestion to
+// clear while still bounding how stale a delivered reply can be.
+static constexpr uint16_t PENDING_ACK_RETRY_LIMIT = 250;
+
+// ---- Service-streaming size budget, shared by every platform's streamer ----
+
+// Conservative MTU limit for API messages (accounts for WPA3 overhead)
+static constexpr size_t MAX_PACKET_SIZE = 1360;
+
+// Constants for size estimation
+static constexpr uint8_t SERVICE_OVERHEAD_LEGACY = 25;     // UUID(20) + handle(4) + overhead(1)
+static constexpr uint8_t SERVICE_OVERHEAD_EFFICIENT = 10;  // UUID(6) + handle(4)
+static constexpr uint8_t CHAR_SIZE_128BIT = 35;            // UUID(20) + handle(4) + props(4) + overhead(7)
+static constexpr uint8_t DESC_SIZE_128BIT = 25;            // UUID(20) + handle(4) + overhead(1)
+static constexpr uint8_t DESC_PER_CHAR = 1;                // Assume 1 descriptor per characteristic
+
+/// Estimate the wire size of a service (service overhead + its characteristics,
+/// assuming 128-bit UUIDs and one 128-bit descriptor per characteristic to be
+/// safe) before fetching/packing the full data.
+inline size_t estimate_service_size(uint16_t char_count, bool use_efficient_uuids) {
+  size_t service_overhead = use_efficient_uuids ? SERVICE_OVERHEAD_EFFICIENT : SERVICE_OVERHEAD_LEGACY;
+  return service_overhead + (CHAR_SIZE_128BIT + DESC_SIZE_128BIT * DESC_PER_CHAR) * char_count;
+}
+
+// ---- UUID wire packing, shared by every platform's streamer ----
+
+// This function is allocation-free and directly packs UUIDs into the output
+// array using precalculated constants for the Bluetooth base UUID. ESPBTUUID
+// stores its 128-bit form little-endian (same as Bluedroid).
+inline void fill_128bit_uuid_array(std::array<uint64_t, 2> &out, const ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID &uuid) {
+  using ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID;
+  if (uuid.type() == ESPBTUUID::Type::UUID128) {
+    const uint8_t *u = uuid.uuid128();
+    // out[0] = bytes 8-15 (big-endian), out[1] = bytes 0-7 (big-endian)
+    out[0] = ((uint64_t) u[15] << 56) | ((uint64_t) u[14] << 48) | ((uint64_t) u[13] << 40) | ((uint64_t) u[12] << 32) |
+             ((uint64_t) u[11] << 24) | ((uint64_t) u[10] << 16) | ((uint64_t) u[9] << 8) | ((uint64_t) u[8]);
+    out[1] = ((uint64_t) u[7] << 56) | ((uint64_t) u[6] << 48) | ((uint64_t) u[5] << 40) | ((uint64_t) u[4] << 32) |
+             ((uint64_t) u[3] << 24) | ((uint64_t) u[2] << 16) | ((uint64_t) u[1] << 8) | ((uint64_t) u[0]);
+    return;
+  }
+  // 16/32-bit UUID inserted into the Bluetooth base UUID:
+  // 00000000-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB
+  uint32_t value = uuid.type() == ESPBTUUID::Type::UUID16 ? uuid.uuid16() : uuid.uuid32();
+  out[0] = ((uint64_t) value << 32) | 0x00001000ULL;  // Base UUID bytes 8-11
+  out[1] = 0x800000805F9B34FBULL;                     // Base UUID bytes 0-7
+}
+
+/// Fill the UUID in the appropriate wire format based on client support and
+/// UUID type (128-bit array for old clients or 128-bit UUIDs, short form
+/// otherwise).
+inline void fill_gatt_uuid(std::array<uint64_t, 2> &uuid_128, uint32_t &short_uuid,
+                           const ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID &uuid, bool use_efficient_uuids) {
+  using ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID;
+  if (!use_efficient_uuids || uuid.type() == ESPBTUUID::Type::UUID128) {
+    fill_128bit_uuid_array(uuid_128, uuid);
+  } else if (uuid.type() == ESPBTUUID::Type::UUID16) {
+    short_uuid = uuid.uuid16();
+  } else {
+    short_uuid = uuid.uuid32();
+  }
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+/// Result of close_service_batch: keep filling the batch or send it now.
+/// An oversized service is packed alone; a failed (backpressured) send is
+/// retried from the batch start, so no service is silently skipped.
+enum class BatchClose : uint8_t { CONTINUE, SEND };
+
+/// Close out the service just packed into resp (account its actual wire size,
+/// advance the cursor) and decide whether the batch must be sent now. Shared
+/// tail of both platform streamers so the budget logic and its log lines
+/// cannot drift.
+BatchClose close_service_batch(api::BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse &resp, size_t &current_size, int16_t &send_service,
+                               uint8_t connection_index, const char *address_str);
+#endif  // USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+
+}  // namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection
diff --git a/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_bluedroid.cpp b/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_bluedroid.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..15f854239d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_bluedroid.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,772 @@
+#include "bluetooth_connection_bluedroid.h"
+
+#if defined(USE_ESP32_BLE) && defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT)
+
+// The in-place streamer serves the proxy's service-discovery API; backend-only
+// builds compile without the proxy headers or the streamer.
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+#include "bluetooth_connection.h"
+#include "bluetooth_connection_hub.h"
+
+#include "esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.h"
+#endif
+
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_client_state.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+#include <cstring>
+
+namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "bluetooth_connection";
+
+using ble_device_base::FAST_CONN_TIMEOUT;
+using ble_device_base::FAST_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL;
+using ble_device_base::FAST_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL;
+using ble_device_base::MEDIUM_CONN_TIMEOUT;
+using ble_device_base::MEDIUM_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL;
+using ble_device_base::MEDIUM_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL;
+using esp32_ble_tracker::ClientState;
+using esp32_ble_tracker::ConnectionType;
+
+// ---- tracker surface ----
+
+void BluedroidGattClient::connect() { this->tracker_connect_(); }
+void BluedroidGattClient::disconnect() { this->gatt_disconnect(); }
+
+// ---- component ----
+
+void BluedroidGattClient::setup() {
+  static uint8_t connection_index = 0;
+  this->connection_index_ = connection_index++;
+}
+
+void BluedroidGattClient::loop() {
+  if (!esp32_ble::global_ble->is_active()) {
+    // Stack down: no CLOSE_EVT will come. Settle a live link so the consumer
+    // frees its slot, then re-register the app on the next enable.
+    auto down_st = this->state();
+    if (down_st != ClientState::IDLE && down_st != ClientState::INIT) {
+      this->release_services();
+      this->set_idle_();
+      this->listener_->on_connection_state(false, 0, ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED);
+    }
+    this->set_state(ClientState::INIT);
+    return;
+  }
+  auto st = this->state();
+  if (st == ClientState::INIT) {
+    // Parity with BLEClientBase: a failed registration marks the slot
+    // failed and idles it without retry.
+    auto ret = esp_ble_gattc_app_register(this->app_id);
+    if (ret) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "gattc app register failed: app_id=%d code=%d", this->app_id, ret);
+      this->mark_failed();
+    }
+    // Do not wait for REG_EVT; a dropped event must not wedge the slot.
+    this->set_idle_();
+  } else if (st == ClientState::DISCONNECTING || this->disconnect_pending()) {
+    // The one teardown safety net: a lost CLOSE_EVT, or a scheduled
+    // teardown whose OPEN_EVT never arrives.
+    if (millis() - this->disconnecting_started_ > ble_device_base::GATT_DISCONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] Timeout waiting for teardown, forcing IDLE", this->connection_index_);
+      // Release before idling: a lost completion must not leak the cache.
+      this->release_services();
+      this->set_idle_();  // also clears want_disconnect_
+      this->listener_->on_connection_state(false, 0, ESP_GATT_CONN_TIMEOUT);
+    }
+  } else {
+    // The loop stays on while a link exists (stack-down watch, pre-started
+    // search flush); it settles only back at IDLE.
+    this->deliver_pending_search_();
+    if (this->state() == ClientState::IDLE) {
+      this->disable_loop();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void BluedroidGattClient::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Bluedroid GATT client %d", this->connection_index_);
+  if (this->is_failed()) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "  Registration failed; if the error was ESP_GATT_NO_RESOURCES, reduce the connection slots");
+  }
+}
+
+// ---- contract ops ----
+
+int BluedroidGattClient::connect(uint64_t address, uint8_t addr_type) {
+  // Only from idle: clobbering DISCONNECTING would open a new link the
+  // stale CLOSE_EVT then tears down.
+  if (this->state() != ClientState::IDLE) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] Connect rejected, slot busy", this->connection_index_);
+    return ESP_GATT_BUSY;
+  }
+  ble_device_base::uint64_to_mac_msb_first(address, this->remote_bda_);
+  this->remote_addr_type_ = addr_type;
+  // Hand the request to the tracker's promote loop: it stops the scan, raises
+  // coex, and calls tracker_connect_() - the tracker owns connect timing here.
+  this->set_state(ClientState::DISCOVERED);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void BluedroidGattClient::tracker_connect_() {
+  auto st = this->state();
+  if (st == ClientState::CONNECTING || st == ClientState::CONNECTED || st == ClientState::ESTABLISHED) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] Connection already in progress", this->connection_index_);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (st == ClientState::DISCONNECTING) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] Cannot connect, still waiting for CLOSE_EVT", this->connection_index_);
+    return;
+  }
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] 0x%02x Connecting", this->connection_index_, this->remote_addr_type_);
+  // Per-attempt latches; the search machine is reset by set_idle_(), the
+  // one door back to IDLE.
+  this->services_released_ = false;
+  this->seen_mtu_ = false;
+  this->mtu_failed_ = false;
+  this->enable_loop();
+  this->set_state(ClientState::CONNECTING);
+  if (this->connection_type_ == ConnectionType::V3_WITHOUT_CACHE) {
+    // Fast params for the discovery phase; stepped down at SEARCH_CMPL.
+    this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gap_set_prefer_conn_params",
+                               esp_ble_gap_set_prefer_conn_params(this->remote_bda_, FAST_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL,
+                                                                  FAST_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL, 0, FAST_CONN_TIMEOUT));
+  } else {
+    this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gap_set_prefer_conn_params",
+                               esp_ble_gap_set_prefer_conn_params(this->remote_bda_, MEDIUM_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL,
+                                                                  MEDIUM_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL, 0, MEDIUM_CONN_TIMEOUT));
+  }
+  auto ret = esp_ble_gattc_open(this->gattc_if_, this->remote_bda_,
+                                static_cast<esp_ble_addr_type_t>(this->remote_addr_type_), true);
+  if (ret) {
+    this->log_gattc_warning_("esp_ble_gattc_open", ret);
+    // CONNECT_EVT never fired; nothing to close.
+    this->set_idle_();
+    this->listener_->on_connection_state(false, 0, ret);
+  }
+}
+
+int BluedroidGattClient::gatt_disconnect() {
+  auto st = this->state();
+  if (st == ClientState::DISCONNECTING) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  // Nothing was opened, so no completion event will follow: report
+  // not-connected and the hub frees the slot at once (rp2 convention).
+  if (st == ClientState::IDLE) {
+    return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  }
+  if (st == ClientState::DISCOVERED) {
+    // Parked for the tracker promote loop, never opened.
+    this->set_idle_();
+    return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  }
+  if (st == ClientState::CONNECTING || this->conn_id_ == UNSET_CONN_ID) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] Disconnect scheduled", this->connection_index_);
+    this->want_disconnect_ = true;
+    // Arm the safety window: a lost OPEN_EVT must not leak the teardown.
+    this->disconnecting_started_ = millis();
+    this->enable_loop();
+    return 0;
+  }
+  this->unconditional_disconnect_();
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void BluedroidGattClient::unconditional_disconnect_() {
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] Disconnecting (conn_id: %d)", this->connection_index_, this->conn_id_);
+  if (this->conn_id_ == UNSET_CONN_ID) {
+    // Terminal state now rather than leaning on the scheduled-teardown timer.
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] conn id unset, cannot disconnect", this->connection_index_);
+    this->release_services();
+    this->set_idle_();
+    this->listener_->on_connection_state(false, 0, ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED);
+    return;
+  }
+  auto err = esp_ble_gattc_close(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_);
+  if (err != ESP_OK) {
+    // The stack is now in an indeterminate state for this link.
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] esp_ble_gattc_close error: %d", this->connection_index_, err);
+  }
+  this->set_disconnecting_();
+}
+
+bool BluedroidGattClient::cancel_gatt_disconnect() {
+  // Only a scheduled teardown (want_disconnect_ latched while the open is
+  // still in flight) is cancellable; once closing started the terminal
+  // report settles the race.
+  if (this->state() != ClientState::CONNECTING || !this->disconnect_pending()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  this->want_disconnect_ = false;
+  return true;
+}
+
+int BluedroidGattClient::discover_services() {
+  if (this->conn_id_ == UNSET_CONN_ID) {
+    return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  }
+  switch (this->search_state_) {
+    case SearchState::PRESTARTED:
+      // The pending SEARCH_CMPL reports once it lands.
+      this->search_state_ = SearchState::CLAIMED;
+      return 0;
+    case SearchState::PRESTART_DONE:
+      // Already landed: the flush after the connected report delivers
+      // (loop() covers a claim made outside that event drain).
+      this->search_state_ = SearchState::REPORT_PENDING;
+      this->enable_loop();
+      return 0;
+    case SearchState::CLAIMED:
+    case SearchState::REPORT_PENDING:
+      return 0;  // One completion is already owed to this claimant.
+    case SearchState::NONE:
+      break;
+  }
+  int err = this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_search_service",
+                                       esp_ble_gattc_search_service(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, nullptr));
+  if (err == 0) {
+    this->search_state_ = SearchState::CLAIMED;
+  }
+  return err;
+}
+
+int BluedroidGattClient::read_characteristic(uint16_t handle) {
+  if (this->conn_id_ == UNSET_CONN_ID) {
+    return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  }
+  return this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_read_char", esp_ble_gattc_read_char(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_,
+                                                                                       handle, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE));
+}
+
+int BluedroidGattClient::write_characteristic(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len, bool response) {
+  if (this->conn_id_ == UNSET_CONN_ID) {
+    return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  }
+  // The BTC layer copies the payload immediately, so the const_cast is safe.
+  return this->check_and_log_error_(
+      "esp_ble_gattc_write_char",
+      esp_ble_gattc_write_char(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, handle, len, const_cast<uint8_t *>(data),
+                               response ? ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_RSP : ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_NO_RSP,
+                               ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE));
+}
+
+int BluedroidGattClient::read_descriptor(uint16_t handle) {
+  if (this->conn_id_ == UNSET_CONN_ID) {
+    return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  }
+  return this->check_and_log_error_(
+      "esp_ble_gattc_read_char_descr",
+      esp_ble_gattc_read_char_descr(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, handle, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE));
+}
+
+int BluedroidGattClient::write_descriptor(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+  if (this->conn_id_ == UNSET_CONN_ID) {
+    return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  }
+  return this->check_and_log_error_(
+      "esp_ble_gattc_write_char_descr",
+      esp_ble_gattc_write_char_descr(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, handle, len, const_cast<uint8_t *>(data),
+                                     ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_RSP, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE));
+}
+
+int BluedroidGattClient::notify_characteristic(uint16_t handle, bool enable) {
+  if (this->conn_id_ == UNSET_CONN_ID) {
+    return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  }
+  // Local registration only; the CCCD write is the API client's responsibility.
+  if (enable) {
+    return this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_register_for_notify",
+                                      esp_ble_gattc_register_for_notify(this->gattc_if_, this->remote_bda_, handle));
+  }
+  return this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_unregister_for_notify",
+                                    esp_ble_gattc_unregister_for_notify(this->gattc_if_, this->remote_bda_, handle));
+}
+
+int BluedroidGattClient::pair() {
+  if (this->conn_id_ == UNSET_CONN_ID) {
+    return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  }
+  return esp_ble_set_encryption(this->remote_bda_, ESP_BLE_SEC_ENCRYPT);
+}
+
+int BluedroidGattClient::update_connection_params(uint16_t min_interval, uint16_t max_interval, uint16_t latency,
+                                                  uint16_t timeout) {
+  return this->update_conn_params_(min_interval, max_interval, latency, timeout, "custom");
+}
+
+void BluedroidGattClient::release_services() {
+  this->service_total_ = 0;
+  // Always set: terminates any in-flight stream on every cache config.
+  this->services_released_ = true;
+#ifndef CONFIG_BT_GATTC_CACHE_NVS_FLASH
+  // A failed clean leaves a stale database the next connection could serve
+  // as authoritative. A disabled stack invalidates its own cache; skip the
+  // meaningless call instead of warning on every OTA/ble.disable teardown.
+  if (esp32_ble::global_ble->is_active()) {
+    this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_cache_clean", esp_ble_gattc_cache_clean(this->remote_bda_));
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+// ---- internals ----
+
+bool BluedroidGattClient::check_addr_(const esp_bd_addr_t &addr) const {
+  return memcmp(addr, this->remote_bda_, sizeof(esp_bd_addr_t)) == 0;
+}
+
+void BluedroidGattClient::set_idle_() {
+  this->set_state(ClientState::IDLE);
+  this->conn_id_ = UNSET_CONN_ID;
+  this->search_state_ = SearchState::NONE;
+  this->search_status_ = 0;
+}
+
+void BluedroidGattClient::set_disconnecting_() {
+  this->disconnecting_started_ = millis();
+  this->set_state(ClientState::DISCONNECTING);
+  // The loop may be disabled while idle; the safety timeout needs it.
+  this->enable_loop();
+}
+
+esp_err_t BluedroidGattClient::update_conn_params_(uint16_t min_interval, uint16_t max_interval, uint16_t latency,
+                                                   uint16_t timeout, const char *param_type) {
+  esp_ble_conn_update_params_t conn_params = {{0}};
+  memcpy(conn_params.bda, this->remote_bda_, sizeof(esp_bd_addr_t));
+  conn_params.min_int = min_interval;
+  conn_params.max_int = max_interval;
+  conn_params.latency = latency;
+  conn_params.timeout = timeout;
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] %s conn params", this->connection_index_, param_type);
+  return this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gap_update_conn_params", esp_ble_gap_update_conn_params(&conn_params));
+}
+
+int BluedroidGattClient::check_and_log_error_(const char *operation, esp_err_t err) {
+  if (err != ESP_OK) {
+    this->log_gattc_warning_(operation, err);
+  }
+  return err;
+}
+
+void BluedroidGattClient::log_gattc_warning_(const char *operation, int code) {
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] %s failed, status=%d", this->connection_index_, operation, code);
+}
+
+// ---- service streaming ----
+
+int BluedroidGattClient::handle_search_cmpl_(esp_gatt_status_t status) {
+  // Step down from the fast discovery params.
+  this->update_conn_params_(MEDIUM_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL, MEDIUM_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL, 0, MEDIUM_CONN_TIMEOUT, "medium");
+  if (status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
+    // A failed discovery reads as a clean zero from the count calls below;
+    // honoring the event status stops it becoming an authoritative empty
+    // list.
+    return status;
+  }
+  uint16_t primary = 0;
+  uint16_t secondary = 0;
+  auto primary_status = esp_ble_gattc_get_attr_count(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, ESP_GATT_DB_PRIMARY_SERVICE,
+                                                     0x0001, 0xFFFF, 0, &primary);
+  auto secondary_status = esp_ble_gattc_get_attr_count(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, ESP_GATT_DB_SECONDARY_SERVICE,
+                                                       0x0001, 0xFFFF, 0, &secondary);
+  if (primary_status != ESP_GATT_OK || secondary_status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
+    // A failed count must not become an authoritative empty database.
+    auto count_status = primary_status != ESP_GATT_OK ? primary_status : secondary_status;
+    this->log_gattc_warning_("esp_ble_gattc_get_attr_count", count_status);
+    return count_status;
+  }
+  this->service_total_ = primary + secondary;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// Reports a completed search once claimed; delivery consumes the state so
+// a re-discovery issues a real search.
+void BluedroidGattClient::deliver_pending_search_() {
+  if (this->search_state_ != SearchState::REPORT_PENDING)
+    return;
+  this->search_state_ = SearchState::NONE;
+  this->listener_->on_service_discovery_done(this->search_status_);
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+// The wrapper's compile-time streamer detection must keep finding this
+// method; a signature drift would silently fall back to the table streamer,
+// which proxy builds compile without a materializer.
+static_assert(requires(BluedroidGattClient c, BluetoothConnection &conn) { c.stream_service_batch(conn); });
+
+// Bound by the SERVICE STREAMING HAZARD note at the top of
+// bluetooth_connection_hub.cpp: never skip a batch, never send done early.
+void BluedroidGattClient::stream_service_batch(BluetoothConnection &conn) {
+  if (this->services_released_) {
+    // Released under the stream: park without services-done so a partial
+    // list is never cached as authoritative (the client retries after its
+    // GetServices timeout).
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Services released mid-stream, parking", conn.connection_index_, conn.address_str_);
+    conn.send_service_ = DONE_SENDING_SERVICES;
+    return;
+  }
+  if (conn.send_service_ >= this->service_total_) {
+    this->release_services();
+    conn.send_services_done_();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // The subscriber vanished mid-stream.
+  auto *api_conn = conn.proxy_->get_api_connection();
+  if (api_conn == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] API connection lost while streaming services", conn.connection_index_, conn.address_str_);
+    conn.park_service_stream_();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  bool use_efficient_uuids = conn.proxy_->client_supports_efficient_uuids();
+  api::BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse resp;
+  resp.address = conn.address_;
+  size_t current_size = resp.calculate_size();
+  int16_t batch_start = conn.send_service_;
+
+  while (conn.send_service_ < this->service_total_) {
+    esp_gattc_service_elem_t service_result;
+    uint16_t svc_count = 1;
+    esp_gatt_status_t svc_status = esp_ble_gattc_get_service(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, nullptr, &service_result,
+                                                             &svc_count, conn.send_service_);
+    if (svc_status != ESP_GATT_OK || svc_count == 0) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Service walk failed (service %d), aborting stream", conn.connection_index_,
+               conn.address_str_, conn.send_service_);
+      conn.abort_service_stream(svc_status != ESP_GATT_OK ? svc_status : ESP_GATT_NOT_FOUND);
+      return;
+    }
+    uint16_t total_char_count = 0;
+    auto char_count_status =
+        esp_ble_gattc_get_attr_count(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, ESP_GATT_DB_CHARACTERISTIC,
+                                     service_result.start_handle, service_result.end_handle, 0, &total_char_count);
+    if (char_count_status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
+      this->log_gattc_warning_("esp_ble_gattc_get_attr_count", char_count_status);
+      conn.abort_service_stream(char_count_status);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // If this service likely won't fit, send the current batch first.
+    size_t estimated_size = estimate_service_size(total_char_count, use_efficient_uuids);
+    if (!resp.services.empty() && current_size + estimated_size > MAX_PACKET_SIZE) {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    resp.services.emplace_back();
+    auto &service_resp = resp.services.back();
+    fill_gatt_uuid(service_resp.uuid, service_resp.short_uuid,
+                   ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_uuid(service_result.uuid), use_efficient_uuids);
+    service_resp.handle = service_result.start_handle;
+
+    if (total_char_count > 0) {
+      service_resp.characteristics.init(total_char_count);
+      uint16_t char_offset = 0;
+      esp_gattc_char_elem_t char_result;
+      // Bounded by the count query: a misbehaving peripheral can make the
+      // enumeration return more entries than it reported.
+      while (char_offset < total_char_count) {
+        uint16_t cc = 1;
+        auto char_status = esp_ble_gattc_get_all_char(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, service_result.start_handle,
+                                                      service_result.end_handle, &char_result, &cc, char_offset);
+        if (char_status != ESP_GATT_OK || cc == 0) {
+          // An early terminator contradicts the count from the same cache;
+          // never stream a silently truncated list.
+          this->log_gattc_warning_("esp_ble_gattc_get_all_char", char_status);
+          conn.abort_service_stream(char_status != ESP_GATT_OK ? char_status : ESP_GATT_NOT_FOUND);
+          return;
+        }
+        service_resp.characteristics.emplace_back();
+        auto &characteristic_resp = service_resp.characteristics.back();
+        fill_gatt_uuid(characteristic_resp.uuid, characteristic_resp.short_uuid,
+                       ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_uuid(char_result.uuid), use_efficient_uuids);
+        characteristic_resp.handle = char_result.char_handle;
+        characteristic_resp.properties = char_result.properties;
+
+        uint16_t total_desc_count = 0;
+        auto desc_count_status = esp_ble_gattc_get_attr_count(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, ESP_GATT_DB_DESCRIPTOR,
+                                                              0, 0, char_result.char_handle, &total_desc_count);
+        if (desc_count_status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
+          // Abort rather than stream the characteristic descriptor-less: a
+          // missing CCCD in a cached database breaks notifications for good.
+          this->log_gattc_warning_("esp_ble_gattc_get_attr_count", desc_count_status);
+          conn.abort_service_stream(desc_count_status);
+          return;
+        }
+        if (total_desc_count > 0) {
+          characteristic_resp.descriptors.init(total_desc_count);
+          uint16_t desc_offset = 0;
+          esp_gattc_descr_elem_t desc_result;
+          while (desc_offset < total_desc_count) {
+            uint16_t dc = 1;
+            auto desc_status = esp_ble_gattc_get_all_descr(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, char_result.char_handle,
+                                                           &desc_result, &dc, desc_offset);
+            if (desc_status != ESP_GATT_OK || dc == 0) {
+              this->log_gattc_warning_("esp_ble_gattc_get_all_descr", desc_status);
+              conn.abort_service_stream(desc_status != ESP_GATT_OK ? desc_status : ESP_GATT_NOT_FOUND);
+              return;
+            }
+            characteristic_resp.descriptors.emplace_back();
+            auto &descriptor_resp = characteristic_resp.descriptors.back();
+            fill_gatt_uuid(descriptor_resp.uuid, descriptor_resp.short_uuid,
+                           ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_uuid(desc_result.uuid), use_efficient_uuids);
+            descriptor_resp.handle = desc_result.handle;
+            desc_offset++;
+          }
+        }
+        char_offset++;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (close_service_batch(resp, current_size, conn.send_service_, conn.connection_index_, conn.address_str_) !=
+        BatchClose::CONTINUE) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // On a failed send, rewind the cursor so the batch is retried instead of
+  // silently skipped.
+  if (!api_conn->send_message(resp)) {
+    conn.note_batch_stalled_();
+    conn.send_service_ = batch_start;
+    return;
+  }
+  conn.batch_stalled_ = false;
+}
+#endif  // USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+
+// ---- events ----
+
+void BluedroidGattClient::handle_open_evt_(esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *param) {
+  auto st = this->state();
+  if (st == ClientState::IDLE) {
+    // Late OPEN_EVT after the slot went IDLE (open-error race, or the
+    // teardown net gave up): close a won link, never resurrect the slot.
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] OPEN_EVT in IDLE state (status=%d)", this->connection_index_, param->open.status);
+    if (param->open.status == ESP_GATT_OK || param->open.status == ESP_GATT_ALREADY_OPEN) {
+      // A failed close here leaks a live link nothing tracks; make it heard.
+      this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_close", esp_ble_gattc_close(this->gattc_if_, param->open.conn_id));
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+  if (st != ClientState::CONNECTING) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] OPEN_EVT in unexpected state", this->connection_index_);
+  }
+  if (param->open.status != ESP_GATT_OK && param->open.status != ESP_GATT_ALREADY_OPEN) {
+    this->log_gattc_warning_("Connection open", param->open.status);
+    // Never established, CLOSE_EVT may not follow.
+    this->set_idle_();
+    this->listener_->on_connection_state(false, 0, param->open.status);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (this->disconnect_pending()) {
+    // Open resolved with a teardown scheduled: close now (conn_id_ stays set
+    // so CLOSE_EVT still matches).
+    this->unconditional_disconnect_();
+    return;
+  }
+  this->set_state(ClientState::CONNECTED);
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] Connection open", this->connection_index_);
+  if (this->connection_type_ == ConnectionType::V3_WITH_CACHE) {
+    this->set_state(ClientState::ESTABLISHED);
+    // No discovery phase: report immediately with the default MTU. The
+    // cached path never waits for (or reports) the exchange - seen_mtu_
+    // suppresses the CFG_MTU report, matching the previous esp32 behavior.
+    this->seen_mtu_ = true;
+    this->listener_->on_connection_state(true, ble_device_base::DEFAULT_ATT_MTU, 0);
+  } else {
+    // Discovery-bound connection: start the search now so it overlaps the
+    // MTU exchange. On a refusal fall back to the serialized path - the
+    // consumer's own discover_services() call retries the real search.
+    if (this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_search_service",
+                                   esp_ble_gattc_search_service(this->gattc_if_, param->open.conn_id, nullptr)) == 0) {
+      this->search_state_ = SearchState::PRESTARTED;
+    }
+    if (this->mtu_failed_ && !this->seen_mtu_) {
+      // Refused MTU request: report with the default so the consumer
+      // proceeds.
+      this->seen_mtu_ = true;
+      this->listener_->on_connection_state(true, ble_device_base::DEFAULT_ATT_MTU, 0);
+      this->deliver_pending_search_();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void BluedroidGattClient::handle_disconnect_evt_(esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *param) {
+  if (param->disconnect.reason == ESP_GATT_CONN_TERMINATE_PEER_USER && this->state() == ClientState::CONNECTED) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] Remote closed during discovery", this->connection_index_);
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] DISCONNECT_EVT reason=0x%02x", this->connection_index_, param->disconnect.reason);
+  }
+  if (this->state() == ClientState::IDLE) {
+    // Active close delivers CLOSE_EVT first; never walk back to DISCONNECTING.
+    return;
+  }
+  // Passive disconnect: wait for CLOSE_EVT before going IDLE (reconnecting
+  // earlier makes the controller reject with 133 or assert) and before
+  // reporting - the wrapper frees the slot on the report, and a freed slot
+  // invites a reconnect into the still-closing link.
+  this->release_services();
+  this->set_disconnecting_();
+}
+
+bool BluedroidGattClient::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t esp_gattc_if,
+                                              esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *param) {
+  if (event == ESP_GATTC_REG_EVT && this->app_id != param->reg.app_id)
+    return false;
+  if (event != ESP_GATTC_REG_EVT && esp_gattc_if != ESP_GATT_IF_NONE && esp_gattc_if != this->gattc_if_)
+    return false;
+
+  switch (event) {
+    case ESP_GATTC_REG_EVT: {
+      if (param->reg.status == ESP_GATT_OK) {
+        this->gattc_if_ = esp_gattc_if;
+      } else {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] gattc app registration failed, status=%d", this->connection_index_, param->reg.status);
+        this->mark_failed();
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case ESP_GATTC_CONNECT_EVT: {
+      if (!this->check_addr_(param->connect.remote_bda))
+        return false;
+      this->conn_id_ = param->connect.conn_id;
+      // MTU request here rather than OPEN_EVT, matching the IDF examples.
+      auto ret = esp_ble_gattc_send_mtu_req(this->gattc_if_, param->connect.conn_id);
+      if (ret) {
+        this->log_gattc_warning_("esp_ble_gattc_send_mtu_req", ret);
+        // No CFG_MTU_EVT will follow; OPEN_EVT reports with the default.
+        this->mtu_failed_ = true;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case ESP_GATTC_OPEN_EVT: {
+      if (!this->check_addr_(param->open.remote_bda))
+        return false;
+      this->handle_open_evt_(param);
+      break;
+    }
+    case ESP_GATTC_CFG_MTU_EVT: {
+      if (this->conn_id_ != param->cfg_mtu.conn_id)
+        return false;
+      if (param->cfg_mtu.status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
+        // Warn only; a disconnect will follow if the link is dead.
+        this->log_gattc_warning_("MTU exchange", param->cfg_mtu.status);
+      }
+      if (!this->seen_mtu_ && !this->disconnect_pending() && this->state() != ClientState::DISCONNECTING) {
+        // Teardown owns the link: suppress the connected report here like
+        // OPEN_EVT and SEARCH_CMPL do; the terminal report settles it.
+        this->seen_mtu_ = true;
+        // The connected report waited for the MTU; forwarded, not stored.
+        this->listener_->on_connection_state(
+            true, param->cfg_mtu.status == ESP_GATT_OK ? param->cfg_mtu.mtu : ble_device_base::DEFAULT_ATT_MTU, 0);
+        // The consumer requests discovery from inside that report; when the
+        // pre-started search already finished, complete it in the same drain.
+        this->deliver_pending_search_();
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case ESP_GATTC_DISCONNECT_EVT: {
+      if (!this->check_addr_(param->disconnect.remote_bda))
+        return false;
+      this->handle_disconnect_evt_(param);
+      break;
+    }
+    case ESP_GATTC_CLOSE_EVT: {
+      if (this->conn_id_ != param->close.conn_id)
+        return false;
+      this->release_services();
+      this->set_idle_();
+      // The one connected=false report: the wrapper frees the slot on it,
+      // so it must not fire before the controller finished closing.
+      this->listener_->on_connection_state(false, 0, param->close.reason);
+      break;
+    }
+    case ESP_GATTC_SEARCH_CMPL_EVT: {
+      if (this->conn_id_ != param->search_cmpl.conn_id)
+        return false;
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] Service discovery complete", this->connection_index_);
+      if (this->state() == ClientState::DISCONNECTING) {
+        // Teardown owns the link; the result is never delivered, skip the
+        // work.
+        break;
+      }
+      this->search_status_ = this->handle_search_cmpl_(static_cast<esp_gatt_status_t>(param->search_cmpl.status));
+      this->search_state_ =
+          this->search_state_ == SearchState::CLAIMED ? SearchState::REPORT_PENDING : SearchState::PRESTART_DONE;
+      this->set_state(ClientState::ESTABLISHED);
+      this->deliver_pending_search_();
+      break;
+    }
+    case ESP_GATTC_READ_CHAR_EVT:
+    case ESP_GATTC_READ_DESCR_EVT: {
+      if (this->conn_id_ != param->read.conn_id)
+        return false;
+      bool ok = param->read.status == ESP_GATT_OK;
+      this->listener_->on_read_result(param->read.handle, ok ? param->read.value : nullptr,
+                                      ok ? param->read.value_len : 0, ok ? 0 : param->read.status);
+      break;
+    }
+    case ESP_GATTC_WRITE_CHAR_EVT:
+    case ESP_GATTC_WRITE_DESCR_EVT: {
+      if (this->conn_id_ != param->write.conn_id)
+        return false;
+      this->listener_->on_write_result(param->write.handle,
+                                       param->write.status == ESP_GATT_OK ? 0 : param->write.status);
+      break;
+    }
+    case ESP_GATTC_REG_FOR_NOTIFY_EVT: {
+      this->listener_->on_notify_state(param->reg_for_notify.handle, true,
+                                       param->reg_for_notify.status == ESP_GATT_OK ? 0 : param->reg_for_notify.status);
+      break;
+    }
+    case ESP_GATTC_UNREG_FOR_NOTIFY_EVT: {
+      this->listener_->on_notify_state(
+          param->unreg_for_notify.handle, false,
+          param->unreg_for_notify.status == ESP_GATT_OK ? 0 : param->unreg_for_notify.status);
+      break;
+    }
+    case ESP_GATTC_NOTIFY_EVT: {
+      if (this->conn_id_ != param->notify.conn_id)
+        return false;
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] NOTIFY_EVT handle=0x%2X", this->connection_index_, param->notify.handle);
+      this->listener_->on_notify_data(param->notify.handle, param->notify.value, param->notify.value_len);
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void BluedroidGattClient::gap_event_handler(esp_gap_ble_cb_event_t event, esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t *param) {
+  switch (event) {
+    case ESP_GAP_BLE_SEC_REQ_EVT: {
+      if (!this->check_addr_(param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.bd_addr))
+        break;
+      // Always accept; a refused response means no AUTH_CMPL, so answer the
+      // pairing request with the failure.
+      int sec_err = this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gap_security_rsp",
+                                               esp_ble_gap_security_rsp(param->ble_security.ble_req.bd_addr, true));
+      if (sec_err != 0) {
+        this->listener_->on_pairing_result(sec_err);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case ESP_GAP_BLE_AUTH_CMPL_EVT: {
+      if (!this->check_addr_(param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.bd_addr))
+        break;
+      this->listener_->on_pairing_result(
+          param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.success ? 0 : param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.fail_reason);
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection
+
+#endif  // USE_ESP32_BLE && USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
diff --git a/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_bluedroid.h b/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_bluedroid.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0d0b4fed5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_bluedroid.h
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+// Bluedroid (esp32) GATT client backend: the esp32 arm of the
+// ble_device_base::BLEGattConnection alias for the hub BluetoothConnection
+// wrapper. Not a BLEClientBase: the tracker's promote loop owns
+// scan-stop/coex/one-connect-at-a-time, so the contract's connect() only
+// parks the address in DISCOVERED; the real esp_ble_gattc_open happens in
+// the tracker-invoked connect() override.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#if defined(USE_ESP32_BLE) && defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT)
+
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_gatt_client.h"
+#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+
+#include <esp_gap_ble_api.h>
+#include <esp_gattc_api.h>
+
+namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection {
+
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+class BluetoothConnection;
+#endif
+
+// One class carries both halves: the tracker's ESPBTClient surface (its
+// promote loop owns scan-stop/coex/one-connect-at-a-time and calls the
+// virtual connect()/disconnect()) and the neutral contract ops. The
+// contract's teardown op is named gatt_disconnect() because the tracker's
+// void disconnect() cannot overload with an int-returning twin.
+class BluedroidGattClient final : public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTClient, public Component {
+ public:
+  static constexpr uint16_t UNSET_CONN_ID = 0xFFFF;
+
+  // Lifecycle of one connection attempt's service search.
+  enum class SearchState : uint8_t {
+    NONE,           // no search this attempt
+    PRESTARTED,     // issued at OPEN_EVT, no claimant yet
+    PRESTART_DONE,  // completed with search_status_ latched, no claimant yet
+    CLAIMED,        // in flight with a claimant (pre-started or direct)
+    REPORT_PENDING  // completed and claimed: deliver on the next flush
+  };
+
+  void setup() override;
+  void loop() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::AFTER_BLUETOOTH; }
+
+  // Wired by codegen before setup and invariant for the device lifetime.
+  void set_listener(ble_device_base::GattClientListener *listener) { this->listener_ = listener; }
+
+  // ---- esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTClient ----
+  bool gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gattc_if,
+                           esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *param) override;
+  void gap_event_handler(esp_gap_ble_cb_event_t event, esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t *param) override;
+  void connect() override;
+  void disconnect() override;
+  bool wants_parsed_advertisements() override { return false; }
+  void on_scan_end() override {}
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override { return false; }
+
+  // ---- ble_device_base::BLEGattConnection contract ----
+  int connect(uint64_t address, uint8_t addr_type);
+  int gatt_disconnect();
+  bool cancel_gatt_disconnect();
+  int discover_services();
+  int read_characteristic(uint16_t handle);
+  int write_characteristic(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len, bool response);
+  int read_descriptor(uint16_t handle);
+  int write_descriptor(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
+  int notify_characteristic(uint16_t handle, bool enable);
+  int pair();
+  int update_connection_params(uint16_t min_interval, uint16_t max_interval, uint16_t latency, uint16_t timeout);
+  // Contract stub: the proxy streams in place; the on-demand materializer
+  // for direct consumers lands with #18205. NOTE: a direct consumer reaching
+  // this stub gets an empty table indistinguishable from a service-less
+  // peer - do not ship one against this backend before the materializer.
+  ble_device_base::GattServiceTable get_service_table() { return {}; }
+  void release_services();
+
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+  /// In-place service streamer (the proxy wrapper detects and prefers it):
+  /// builds one api response batch directly from Bluedroid's cached database,
+  /// so the streaming peak is the response itself - the old esp32 model.
+  void stream_service_batch(BluetoothConnection &conn);
+#endif
+
+  void set_connection_type(ble_device_base::ConnectionType ct) { this->connection_type_ = ct; }
+
+ protected:
+  bool check_addr_(const esp_bd_addr_t &addr) const;
+  void tracker_connect_();
+  void handle_open_evt_(esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *param);
+  void handle_disconnect_evt_(esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *param);
+  int handle_search_cmpl_(esp_gatt_status_t status);
+  void deliver_pending_search_();
+  void unconditional_disconnect_();
+  void set_idle_();
+  void set_disconnecting_();
+  esp_err_t update_conn_params_(uint16_t min_interval, uint16_t max_interval, uint16_t latency, uint16_t timeout,
+                                const char *param_type);
+  int check_and_log_error_(const char *operation, esp_err_t err);
+  void log_gattc_warning_(const char *operation, int code);
+
+  // Group 1: pointers / composed objects
+  ble_device_base::GattClientListener *listener_{nullptr};
+  // Group 2: 4-byte types
+  uint32_t disconnecting_started_{0};
+
+  // Group 3: arrays
+  esp_bd_addr_t remote_bda_{};
+
+  // Group 4: 2-byte types
+  uint16_t conn_id_{UNSET_CONN_ID};
+  uint16_t service_total_{0};
+
+  // Group 5: 1-byte types
+  esp_gatt_if_t gattc_if_{ESP_GATT_IF_NONE};  // uint8_t width keeps the object at 48 bytes
+  // Stored narrow (the enum is 4 bytes); widened at the esp_ble_gattc_open call.
+  uint8_t remote_addr_type_{0};
+  esp32_ble_tracker::ConnectionType connection_type_{esp32_ble_tracker::ConnectionType::V3_WITHOUT_CACHE};
+  uint8_t connection_index_{0};
+  // Terminates an in-flight stream (never send a partial list as authoritative)
+  // and marks a cleaned cache unsafe to walk (Bluedroid asserts).
+  bool services_released_ : 1 {false};
+  // The connected report waits for the MTU exchange; OPEN_EVT alone would
+  // hand HA the default 23.
+  bool seen_mtu_ : 1 {false};
+  // The MTU request was refused at CONNECT_EVT; OPEN_EVT reports instead.
+  bool mtu_failed_ : 1 {false};
+  // Search issued at OPEN_EVT overlaps the MTU exchange; discover_services()
+  // completes from it. Reset by set_idle_().
+  static_assert(static_cast<uint8_t>(SearchState::REPORT_PENDING) < (1 << 4), "search_state_ bitfield too narrow");
+  SearchState search_state_ : 4 {SearchState::NONE};
+  // esp_gatt_status_t of the completed search, held until claimed.
+  uint8_t search_status_{0};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection
+
+#endif  // USE_ESP32_BLE && USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
diff --git a/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_gatt_backend.h b/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_gatt_backend.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3c982d81ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_gatt_backend.h
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+// bluetooth_connection_gatt_backend.h
+//
+// Binds ble_device_base::BLEGattConnection to the build's one GATT backend.
+// Backend and consumer both live in this component, so the ladder does too;
+// backends implement ble_gatt_client.h (the neutral contract).
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
+
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_gatt_client.h"
+
+#if defined(USE_RP2040_BLE)
+#include "bluetooth_connection_rp2.h"
+#define ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CONNECTION_TYPE bluetooth_connection::RP2GattClient
+#elif defined(USE_ESP32_BLE)
+#include "bluetooth_connection_bluedroid.h"
+#define ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CONNECTION_TYPE bluetooth_connection::BluedroidGattClient
+#elif defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_STUB_BACKEND)
+// Emitted only by the host unit-test manifest: the tests compile the hub
+// wrapper standalone, so bind a do-nothing backend. Every other backend-less
+// build hits the #error below.
+namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection {
+
+class StubGattBackend {
+ public:
+  void set_listener(ble_device_base::GattClientListener *listener) {}
+  int connect(uint64_t address, uint8_t addr_type) { return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED; }
+  int gatt_disconnect() { return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED; }
+  bool cancel_gatt_disconnect() { return false; }
+  int discover_services() { return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED; }
+  int read_characteristic(uint16_t handle) { return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED; }
+  int write_characteristic(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len, bool response) {
+    return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  }
+  int read_descriptor(uint16_t handle) { return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED; }
+  int write_descriptor(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+    return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  }
+  int notify_characteristic(uint16_t handle, bool enable) { return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED; }
+  int pair() { return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED; }
+  int update_connection_params(uint16_t min_interval, uint16_t max_interval, uint16_t latency, uint16_t timeout) {
+    return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  }
+  ble_device_base::GattServiceTable get_service_table() { return {}; }
+  void set_connection_type(ble_device_base::ConnectionType ct) {}
+  void release_services() {}
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection
+#define ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CONNECTION_TYPE bluetooth_connection::StubGattBackend
+#else
+#error "USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT is set but this build has no GATT backend; add an alias arm here"
+#endif
+
+namespace esphome::ble_device_base {
+
+using BLEGattConnection = ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CONNECTION_TYPE;
+static_assert(BLEGattConnectionContract<BLEGattConnection>,
+              "The build's GATT backend is missing part of the BLEGattConnection surface (ble_gatt_client.h)");
+#undef ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CONNECTION_TYPE
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ble_device_base
+
+#endif  // USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
diff --git a/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_hub.cpp b/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_hub.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ddab4812cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_hub.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,580 @@
+// The proxy's per-slot connection wrapper, shared by every platform.
+//
+// SERVICE STREAMING HAZARD - read before touching the streaming code here or
+// in the platform streamers (bluetooth_connection_bluedroid.cpp).
+//
+// A V3 client caches the service list it receives as the device's complete,
+// permanent database. Nothing on the wire marks a list as partial, so a
+// stream that is truncated, has a skipped batch, or is terminated early
+// would be cached whole and poison every later session with the device.
+//
+// The rule: it is always better to send nothing and let the client time out
+// than to let services-done follow an incomplete stream. Concretely:
+//   - a refused batch rewinds the cursor and is retried, never skipped;
+//   - services-done is sent only after every batch was accepted;
+//   - every interruption (subscriber lost or swapped, backend abort,
+//     bounds-check failure) parks or aborts WITHOUT services-done and drops
+//     any owed done;
+//   - a new GetServices supersedes an owed done, so a stale done can never
+//     land on a fresh request's empty accumulator and cache it as empty.
+// The client only caches a list terminated by services-done within the same
+// request; timeouts, disconnects and errors raise instead of caching.
+#include "bluetooth_connection_hub.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+
+#include "esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h"
+#include "esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "bluetooth_connection";
+
+void BluetoothConnection::set_address(uint64_t address) {
+  // Keep the proxy's pre-allocated connections-free message in step
+  this->proxy_->update_address_slot_(this->address_, address);
+  // Slot changing hands: anything owed belonged to the old address. The
+  // choke point for every reassignment, not just reset_connection_()'s path.
+  this->clear_owed_flags_();
+  this->address_ = address;
+  if (address == 0) {
+    this->address_str_[0] = '\0';
+    return;
+  }
+  uint8_t mac[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];
+  ble_device_base::uint64_to_mac_msb_first(address, mac);
+  format_mac_addr_upper(mac, this->address_str_);
+}
+
+void BluetoothConnection::initiate_connection(uint8_t address_type) {
+  // No connect timeout here: the API client's own timeout or the api-gone
+  // sweep drives disconnect().
+  this->state_ = ClientState::CONNECTING;
+  int err = this->backend_->connect(this->address_, address_type);
+  if (err != 0) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] connect failed, err=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, err);
+    this->reset_connection_(err);
+  }
+}
+
+void BluetoothConnection::disconnect() {
+  // Idempotent: the proxy's teardown loop calls this every 100 ms while the
+  // API subscriber is gone, and a repeat call reaching the backend would
+  // re-arm its teardown timer so the safety timeout never fires.
+  if (this->state_ == ClientState::IDLE || this->state_ == ClientState::DISCONNECTING) {
+    return;
+  }
+  int err = this->backend_->gatt_disconnect();
+  if (err != 0) {
+    // Nonzero means nothing to tear down (both backends): free the slot.
+    // Accepted teardowns always reach a terminal report.
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] disconnect while backend idle, err=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, err);
+    this->reset_connection_(err);
+    return;
+  }
+  this->state_ = ClientState::DISCONNECTING;
+}
+
+void BluetoothConnection::on_pairing_result(int status) {
+  if (this->address_ == 0) {
+    // A drop before completion already answered: reset_connection_slot_ sends
+    // the connection response, which the client's pair watcher raises on.
+    return;
+  }
+  this->paired_ = status == 0;
+  this->proxy_->send_device_pairing(this->address_, status == 0, status);
+}
+
+void BluetoothConnection::reset_connection_(conn_err_t reason) {
+  if (this->pending_error_ != 0) {
+    reason = this->pending_error_;
+    this->pending_error_ = 0;
+  }
+  this->state_ = ClientState::IDLE;
+  this->services_discovered_ = false;
+  this->paired_ = false;
+  // Link gone: the slot may hold a different device before the drain runs.
+  this->clear_owed_flags_();
+  this->backend_->release_services();
+  this->proxy_->reset_connection_slot_(this, reason);
+}
+
+// ---- backend event listener ----
+
+void BluetoothConnection::on_connection_state(bool connected, uint16_t mtu, int error) {
+  if (connected && this->address_ == 0) {
+    // Late completion for a slot that was already freed: nothing to report,
+    // and the api-gone sweep or a new reservation owns the slot now.
+    // Return ignored: nonzero just means the backend was already idle, and
+    // re-arming a freed slot could clobber a new reservation.
+    this->backend_->gatt_disconnect();
+    return;
+  }
+  if (connected && this->state_ == ClientState::DISCONNECTING) {
+    // The link came up after a disconnect request won the race; finish the
+    // teardown instead of reporting a connection the client no longer wants.
+    int err = this->backend_->gatt_disconnect();
+    if (err != 0) {
+      // Nothing left to tear down after all.
+      this->reset_connection_(err);
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+  if (connected) {
+    this->mtu_ = mtu;
+    if (this->connection_type_ == ConnectionType::V3_WITH_CACHE) {
+      // The API client has the services cached; never discover them. No
+      // discovery phase needs the fast interval, so settle straight into the
+      // shared steady-state parameters. Both backends already open cached
+      // connections with these values (esp32 prefer-params, rp2 initiating
+      // params), so this request is normally redundant - kept as a backstop
+      // in case the initial parameters were negotiated away.
+      this->state_ = ClientState::ESTABLISHED;
+      // The one D-level line for a cached connect; the uncached path narrates
+      // through "Discovery finished" instead.
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Connected with cached services, sending connected (mtu=%u)", this->connection_index_,
+               this->address_str_, mtu);
+      int param_err = this->backend_->update_connection_params(ble_device_base::MEDIUM_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL,
+                                                               ble_device_base::MEDIUM_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL, 0,
+                                                               ble_device_base::MEDIUM_CONN_TIMEOUT);
+      if (param_err != 0) {
+        // Survivable: the link just stays on the fast interval.
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] conn param update failed, err=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
+                 param_err);
+      }
+      this->send_connected_reply_();
+      this->proxy_->send_connections_free();
+      return;
+    }
+    // V3_WITHOUT_CACHE: discover services first — the connected response is
+    // sent when discovery completes (MTU + services before the response).
+    this->state_ = ClientState::CONNECTED;
+    int err = this->backend_->discover_services();
+    if (err != 0) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] discover_services failed, err=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, err);
+      // Latch the real cause for the disconnect report.
+      this->latch_pending_error_(err);
+      this->disconnect();
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+  // Disconnected, connect failed, or teardown complete
+  if (this->address_ == 0) {
+    return;  // Slot already freed
+  }
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Disconnected, reason=0x%02x, freeing slot", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
+           error);
+  this->reset_connection_(error);
+}
+
+void BluetoothConnection::on_service_discovery_done(int error) {
+  if (error != 0) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Service discovery failed, err=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, error);
+    // Carry the GATT error into the disconnection report so the client sees
+    // the real cause instead of a generic HCI reason.
+    this->latch_pending_error_(error);
+    this->disconnect();
+    return;
+  }
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Discovery finished, sending connected (mtu=%u)", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
+           this->mtu_);
+  this->state_ = ClientState::ESTABLISHED;
+  this->services_discovered_ = true;
+  this->send_connected_reply_();
+  this->proxy_->send_connections_free();
+}
+
+void BluetoothConnection::flush_owed_replies_() {
+  // Connected first: the client should never see services-done or an ack for
+  // a link it has not been told is up. Structural, not size-dependent: a
+  // still-owed connected reply defers the smaller sends to the next tick.
+  if (this->connected_reply_owed_) {
+    this->send_connected_reply_();
+    if (this->connected_reply_owed_) {
+      // The retry limits are wall-clock windows: age the deferred budgets so
+      // a reply cannot outlive the window it was sized for.
+      if (this->send_service_ == SERVICES_DONE_PENDING) {
+        this->age_services_done_();
+      }
+      if (this->has_pending_ack_()) {
+        this->age_pending_ack_();
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  if (this->send_service_ == SERVICES_DONE_PENDING) {
+    this->send_services_done_();
+  }
+  if (this->has_pending_ack_()) {
+    this->flush_pending_ack_();
+  }
+}
+
+void BluetoothConnection::send_connected_reply_() {
+  if (this->proxy_->send_device_connection(this->address_, true, this->mtu_)) {
+    this->connected_reply_owed_ = false;
+    return;
+  }
+  // Warn on the leading edge only, as elsewhere: the drop must be visible but
+  // must not add traffic to the connection that just refused a frame.
+  if (!this->connected_reply_owed_) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Connected reply deferred, TCP buffer full", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_);
+    this->connected_reply_owed_ = true;
+  }
+}
+
+void BluetoothConnection::log_gatt_operation_error_(const char *operation, uint16_t handle, int status) {
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Error %s for handle 0x%2X, status=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
+           operation, handle, status);
+}
+
+void BluetoothConnection::note_batch_stalled_() {
+  if (this->batch_stalled_)
+    return;
+  this->batch_stalled_ = true;
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Service batch deferred, TCP buffer full; retrying", this->connection_index_,
+           this->address_str_);
+}
+
+/// Both payload-free acks are just (address, handle); only the type differs.
+template<typename Response>
+static bool send_handle_reply(api::APIConnection *api_connection, uint64_t address, uint16_t handle) {
+  Response resp;
+  resp.address = address;
+  resp.handle = handle;
+  return api_connection->send_message(resp);
+}
+
+/// Sole construction site, so a re-offer cannot drift from the original.
+bool BluetoothConnection::try_send_ack_(PendingAck kind, uint16_t handle, conn_err_t error) {
+  if (kind == PendingAck::PENDING_ACK_ERROR) {
+    // Proxy owns the error reply and reports a refusal the same way.
+    return this->proxy_->send_gatt_error(this->address_, handle, error);
+  }
+  auto *api_connection = this->proxy_->get_api_connection();
+  if (api_connection == nullptr)
+    return true;  // Nobody subscribed: nothing is owed
+  switch (kind) {
+    case PendingAck::PENDING_ACK_WRITE:
+      return send_handle_reply<api::BluetoothGATTWriteResponse>(api_connection, this->address_, handle);
+    case PendingAck::PENDING_ACK_NOTIFY:
+      return send_handle_reply<api::BluetoothGATTNotifyResponse>(api_connection, this->address_, handle);
+    case PendingAck::PENDING_ACK_NONE:
+    case PendingAck::PENDING_ACK_ERROR:  // returned above
+      return true;
+  }
+  // No default label above, so a new enumerator is a -Wswitch warning rather
+  // than a silent notify reply. This return only satisfies -Wreturn-type.
+  return true;
+}
+
+void BluetoothConnection::send_ack_(PendingAck kind, uint16_t handle, conn_err_t error) {
+  if (this->try_send_ack_(kind, handle, error))
+    return;
+  // Report a newly owed reply and a displaced one; displacing is the case
+  // that loses a reply. Re-refusing the same one stays quiet, and so does a
+  // fresh deferral for the handle already warned about: a congested bulk
+  // transfer re-asks the same handle every cycle and each ack would warn.
+  if (!this->has_pending_ack_()) {
+    if (!this->ack_deferred_warned_ || this->pending_ack_handle_ != handle) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] GATT reply for handle 0x%04X deferred, TCP buffer full", this->connection_index_,
+               this->address_str_, handle);
+      this->ack_deferred_warned_ = true;
+    }
+  } else if (this->pending_ack_handle_ != handle || this->pending_ack_ != kind) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] GATT reply for handle 0x%04X dropped for handle 0x%04X", this->connection_index_,
+             this->address_str_, this->pending_ack_handle_, handle);
+  }
+  this->latch_pending_ack_(kind, handle, error);
+}
+
+void BluetoothConnection::flush_pending_ack_() {
+  if (!this->has_pending_ack_())
+    return;
+  if (this->try_send_ack_(this->pending_ack_, this->pending_ack_handle_, this->pending_ack_error_)) {
+    this->clear_pending_ack_();
+    return;
+  }
+  this->age_pending_ack_();
+}
+
+void BluetoothConnection::age_pending_ack_() {
+  if (++this->pending_ack_retries_ >= PENDING_ACK_RETRY_LIMIT) {
+    // Undeliverable: past here the client has given up and may have re-asked,
+    // and a late reply would answer the new request instead of this one.
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] GATT reply for handle 0x%04X undeliverable, abandoning", this->connection_index_,
+             this->address_str_, this->pending_ack_handle_);
+    this->clear_pending_ack_();
+  }
+}
+
+void BluetoothConnection::on_read_result(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len, int error) {
+  // Late completion for a freed slot; nothing to report.
+  if (this->address_ == 0)
+    return;
+  if (error != 0) {
+    this->log_gatt_operation_error_("reading char/descriptor", handle, error);
+    this->send_gatt_error_(handle, error);
+    return;
+  }
+  auto *api_connection = this->proxy_->get_api_connection();
+  if (api_connection == nullptr)
+    return;
+  api::BluetoothGATTReadResponse resp;
+  resp.address = this->address_;
+  resp.handle = handle;
+  resp.set_data(data, len);
+  if (!api_connection->send_message(resp)) {
+    // Not latched: would mean holding the payload through the congestion
+    // that refused it. The client's read timeout arbitrates.
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Failed to send read response", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_);
+  }
+}
+
+void BluetoothConnection::on_write_result(uint16_t handle, int error) {
+  if (this->address_ == 0)
+    return;
+  if (error != 0) {
+    this->log_gatt_operation_error_("writing char/descriptor", handle, error);
+    this->send_gatt_error_(handle, error);
+    return;
+  }
+  this->send_ack_(PendingAck::PENDING_ACK_WRITE, handle);
+}
+
+void BluetoothConnection::on_notify_state(uint16_t handle, bool enabled, int error) {
+  if (this->address_ == 0)
+    return;
+  if (error != 0) {
+    this->log_gatt_operation_error_(enabled ? "registering notifications" : "unregistering notifications", handle,
+                                    error);
+    this->send_gatt_error_(handle, error);
+    return;
+  }
+  this->send_ack_(PendingAck::PENDING_ACK_NOTIFY, handle);
+}
+
+void BluetoothConnection::on_notify_data(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+  if (this->address_ == 0)
+    return;
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Notify: handle=0x%2X", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, handle);
+  auto *api_connection = this->proxy_->get_api_connection();
+  if (api_connection == nullptr)
+    return;
+  api::BluetoothGATTNotifyDataResponse resp;
+  resp.address = this->address_;
+  resp.handle = handle;
+  resp.set_data(data, len);
+  if (!api_connection->send_message(resp)) {
+    // Not latched, same reason as the read reply. Notify data is lossy: the
+    // peripheral will not resend it. Warn on the first drop only; a congested
+    // link drops a whole stream and one line per notify floods the log.
+    if (!this->notify_drop_warned_) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Failed to send notify data response, handle 0x%04X", this->connection_index_,
+               this->address_str_, handle);
+      this->notify_drop_warned_ = true;
+    } else {
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Failed to send notify data response, handle 0x%04X", this->connection_index_,
+               this->address_str_, handle);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// ---- GATT operations ----
+
+conn_err_t BluetoothConnection::check_connected_op_(const char *action, const char *type) const {
+  if (this->connected()) {
+    return CONN_OK;
+  }
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Cannot %s GATT %s, not connected.", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, action,
+           type);
+  return GATT_NOT_CONNECTED;
+}
+
+conn_err_t BluetoothConnection::read_characteristic(uint16_t handle) {
+  this->supersede_pending_ack_(handle, PendingAck::PENDING_ACK_NONE);
+  if (conn_err_t err = this->check_connected_op_("read", "characteristic"); err != CONN_OK)
+    return err;
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Reading GATT characteristic handle %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, handle);
+  return this->backend_->read_characteristic(handle);
+}
+
+conn_err_t BluetoothConnection::write_characteristic(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, size_t length,
+                                                     bool response) {
+  this->supersede_pending_ack_(handle, PendingAck::PENDING_ACK_WRITE);
+  if (conn_err_t err = this->check_connected_op_("write", "characteristic"); err != CONN_OK)
+    return err;
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Writing GATT characteristic handle %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, handle);
+  return this->backend_->write_characteristic(handle, data, static_cast<uint16_t>(length), response);
+}
+
+conn_err_t BluetoothConnection::read_descriptor(uint16_t handle) {
+  this->supersede_pending_ack_(handle, PendingAck::PENDING_ACK_NONE);
+  if (conn_err_t err = this->check_connected_op_("read", "descriptor"); err != CONN_OK)
+    return err;
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Reading GATT descriptor handle %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, handle);
+  return this->backend_->read_descriptor(handle);
+}
+
+// The neutral backend contract performs descriptor writes acknowledged, so
+// the response flag is intentionally ignored (esp32 maps it to RSP/NO_RSP).
+conn_err_t BluetoothConnection::write_descriptor(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, size_t length,
+                                                 bool /*response*/) {
+  this->supersede_pending_ack_(handle, PendingAck::PENDING_ACK_WRITE);
+  if (conn_err_t err = this->check_connected_op_("write", "descriptor"); err != CONN_OK)
+    return err;
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Writing GATT descriptor handle %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, handle);
+  return this->backend_->write_descriptor(handle, data, static_cast<uint16_t>(length));
+}
+
+conn_err_t BluetoothConnection::notify_characteristic(uint16_t handle, bool enable) {
+  this->supersede_pending_ack_(handle, PendingAck::PENDING_ACK_NOTIFY);
+  if (conn_err_t err = this->check_connected_op_("notify", "characteristic"); err != CONN_OK)
+    return err;
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s GATT characteristic notifications handle %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
+           enable ? "Registering for" : "Unregistering for", handle);
+  return this->backend_->notify_characteristic(handle, enable);
+}
+
+conn_err_t BluetoothConnection::update_connection_params(uint16_t min_interval, uint16_t max_interval, uint16_t latency,
+                                                         uint16_t timeout) {
+  if (conn_err_t err = this->check_connected_op_("update params of", "connection"); err != CONN_OK)
+    return err;
+  return this->backend_->update_connection_params(min_interval, max_interval, latency, timeout);
+}
+
+// ---- Service streaming ----
+
+void BluetoothConnection::send_services_done_() {
+  if (this->proxy_->send_gatt_services_done(this->address_)) {
+    // Sent, or subscriber gone (park silently; its timeout arbitrates).
+    this->send_service_ = DONE_SENDING_SERVICES;
+    return;
+  }
+  if (this->send_service_ != SERVICES_DONE_PENDING) {
+    // Warn on the transition only; retries stay silent.
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Failed to send services done, retrying", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_);
+    this->services_done_retries_ = 0;
+    this->send_service_ = SERVICES_DONE_PENDING;
+  } else {
+    this->age_services_done_();
+  }
+}
+
+void BluetoothConnection::age_services_done_() {
+  if (++this->services_done_retries_ >= SERVICES_DONE_RETRY_LIMIT) {
+    // Undeliverable (see SERVICES_DONE_RETRY_LIMIT); silence arbitrates.
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Services done undeliverable, abandoning", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_);
+    this->send_service_ = DONE_SENDING_SERVICES;
+  }
+}
+
+void BluetoothConnection::send_service_for_discovery_() {
+  auto table = this->backend_->get_service_table();
+  if (this->send_service_ >= table.service_count) {
+    this->backend_->release_services();
+    this->send_services_done_();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // The subscriber vanished mid-stream; the api-gone sweep tears the
+  // connection down anyway.
+  auto *api_conn = this->proxy_->get_api_connection();
+  if (api_conn == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] API connection lost while streaming services", this->connection_index_,
+             this->address_str_);
+    this->park_service_stream_();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Check if client supports efficient UUIDs
+  bool use_efficient_uuids = this->proxy_->client_supports_efficient_uuids();
+
+  // Prepare response
+  api::BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse resp;
+  resp.address = this->address_;
+
+  // Dynamic batching based on actual size, same contract as the esp32 streamer
+  size_t current_size = resp.calculate_size();
+  int16_t batch_start = this->send_service_;
+
+  while (this->send_service_ < table.service_count) {
+    const auto &service = table.services[this->send_service_];
+
+    // If this service likely won't fit, send current batch (unless it's the first)
+    size_t estimated_size = estimate_service_size(service.characteristic_count, use_efficient_uuids);
+    if (!resp.services.empty() && (current_size + estimated_size > MAX_PACKET_SIZE)) {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    resp.services.emplace_back();
+    auto &service_resp = resp.services.back();
+    fill_gatt_uuid(service_resp.uuid, service_resp.short_uuid, service.uuid, use_efficient_uuids);
+    service_resp.handle = service.start_handle;
+
+    // Bounds-check the backend's index ranges against the table totals rather
+    // than trusting its discovery bookkeeping blindly. A miscounted non-empty
+    // range must not stream a truncated database as authoritative (V3 clients
+    // cache it permanently): abort and tear the connection down; the client
+    // times out and retries. Empty ranges are tolerated regardless of index.
+    uint16_t char_count = service.characteristic_count;
+    if (char_count != 0 && service.first_characteristic + char_count > table.characteristic_count) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Characteristic range out of bounds (service %d), aborting stream",
+               this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, this->send_service_);
+      this->abort_service_stream(ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_UNLIKELY);
+      return;
+    }
+    if (char_count > 0) {
+      service_resp.characteristics.init(char_count);
+      for (uint16_t ci = 0; ci < char_count; ci++) {
+        const auto &chr = table.characteristics[service.first_characteristic + ci];
+        service_resp.characteristics.emplace_back();
+        auto &characteristic_resp = service_resp.characteristics.back();
+        fill_gatt_uuid(characteristic_resp.uuid, characteristic_resp.short_uuid, chr.uuid, use_efficient_uuids);
+        characteristic_resp.handle = chr.value_handle;
+        characteristic_resp.properties = chr.properties;
+        uint16_t desc_count = chr.descriptor_count;
+        if (desc_count != 0 && chr.first_descriptor + desc_count > table.descriptor_count) {
+          ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Descriptor range out of bounds (service %d), aborting stream",
+                   this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, this->send_service_);
+          this->abort_service_stream(ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_UNLIKELY);
+          return;
+        }
+        if (desc_count == 0) {
+          continue;
+        }
+        characteristic_resp.descriptors.init(desc_count);
+        for (uint16_t di = 0; di < desc_count; di++) {
+          const auto &desc = table.descriptors[chr.first_descriptor + di];
+          characteristic_resp.descriptors.emplace_back();
+          auto &descriptor_resp = characteristic_resp.descriptors.back();
+          fill_gatt_uuid(descriptor_resp.uuid, descriptor_resp.short_uuid, desc.uuid, use_efficient_uuids);
+          descriptor_resp.handle = desc.handle;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (close_service_batch(resp, current_size, this->send_service_, this->connection_index_, this->address_str_) !=
+        BatchClose::CONTINUE) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Send the message with dynamically batched services; on a failed send,
+  // rewind the cursor so the batch is retried instead of silently skipped
+  // (bounded: a subscriber that stays gone ends streaming via the api-lost
+  // rewind above).
+  if (!api_conn->send_message(resp)) {
+    this->note_batch_stalled_();
+    this->send_service_ = batch_start;
+    return;
+  }
+  this->batch_stalled_ = false;
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection
+
+#endif  // USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
diff --git a/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_hub.h b/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_hub.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..47181e81a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_hub.h
@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+// BluetoothConnection: drives the build's GATT backend (the
+// ble_device_base::BLEGattConnection alias) and translates its events into
+// the proxy's API messages. One wrapper for every platform; per-backend
+// differences live behind the alias and the streamer cut-through.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "bluetooth_connection.h"
+
+// The wrapper exists to serve the proxy's API surface; direct consumers
+// drive the backend themselves, so backend-only builds compile this header
+// empty.
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_client_state.h"
+#include "bluetooth_connection_gatt_backend.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+namespace esphome::bluetooth_proxy {
+class BluetoothProxy;
+}  // namespace esphome::bluetooth_proxy
+
+namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection {
+
+using ClientState = ble_device_base::ClientState;
+using ConnectionType = ble_device_base::ConnectionType;
+
+/// A refused GATT reply owed to the current subscriber. Payload-free only:
+/// these rebuild from address + handle + error, so a retry costs no buffered
+/// data. Read and notify-data carry payloads and are deliberately absent.
+enum class PendingAck : uint8_t {
+  PENDING_ACK_NONE = 0,
+  PENDING_ACK_WRITE,
+  PENDING_ACK_NOTIFY,
+  PENDING_ACK_ERROR,
+};
+
+class BluetoothConnection final : public ble_device_base::GattClientListener {
+ public:
+  /// Wire the platform backend. Called from codegen before setup.
+  void set_backend(ble_device_base::BLEGattConnection *backend) {
+    this->backend_ = backend;
+    backend->set_listener(this);
+  }
+
+  // ---- proxy dispatch surface ----
+  conn_err_t read_characteristic(uint16_t handle);
+  conn_err_t write_characteristic(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, size_t length, bool response);
+  conn_err_t read_descriptor(uint16_t handle);
+  conn_err_t write_descriptor(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, size_t length, bool response);
+  conn_err_t notify_characteristic(uint16_t handle, bool enable);
+  conn_err_t update_connection_params(uint16_t min_interval, uint16_t max_interval, uint16_t latency, uint16_t timeout);
+
+  /// Streamer abort: latch the GATT cause, park the cursor, tear down.
+  void abort_service_stream(conn_err_t err) {
+    this->latch_pending_error_(err);
+    this->send_service_ = DONE_SENDING_SERVICES;
+    this->disconnect();
+  }
+
+  /// Start connecting with the API address type (BLE_ADDR_TYPE_* code
+  /// space). Failures report through the same reset path a failed open
+  /// takes.
+  void initiate_connection(uint8_t address_type);
+  void disconnect();
+  /// A connect request racing a scheduled teardown: true when the backend
+  /// had not started closing - the in-flight open resumes and reports
+  /// connected. False once the teardown owns the link.
+  bool cancel_teardown() {
+    if (this->state_ == ClientState::DISCONNECTING && this->backend_->cancel_gatt_disconnect()) {
+      this->state_ = ClientState::CONNECTING;
+      return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+  bool is_paired() const { return this->paired_; }
+  void set_unpaired() { this->paired_ = false; }
+  conn_err_t pair() { return this->backend_->pair(); }
+
+  void set_address(uint64_t address);
+  uint64_t get_address() const { return this->address_; }
+  const char *address_str() const { return this->address_str_; }
+  uint8_t get_connection_index() const { return this->connection_index_; }
+
+  ClientState state() const { return this->state_; }
+  void set_state(ClientState st) { this->state_ = st; }
+  bool connected() const { return this->state_ == ClientState::ESTABLISHED; }
+  void set_connection_type(ConnectionType ct) {
+    this->connection_type_ = ct;
+    // Both backends branch on the type before connecting (bluedroid picks
+    // prefer-params and the with-cache report at OPEN_EVT; rp2 picks the
+    // initiating parameters), so this must be set before the connect starts.
+    this->backend_->set_connection_type(ct);
+  }
+  // Latched at discovery completion rather than read from the backend table:
+  // streaming frees the table, and this must stay true for the connection's
+  // lifetime (a repeat GetServices is silently ignored, never answered with
+  // an authoritative empty database).
+  bool has_gatt_services() const { return this->services_discovered_; }
+
+  /// Stream any pending service-discovery batch (proxy loop; the backend
+  /// owns the disconnect safety timer).
+  void process_pending_services() {
+    if (this->send_service_ >= 0) {
+      this->stream_pending_(this->backend_);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // ---- backend event listener (called directly by the backend, main loop) ----
+  void on_connection_state(bool connected, uint16_t mtu, int error) override;
+  void on_service_discovery_done(int error) override;
+  void on_read_result(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len, int error) override;
+  void on_write_result(uint16_t handle, int error) override;
+  void on_notify_state(uint16_t handle, bool enabled, int error) override;
+  void on_notify_data(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) override;
+  void on_pairing_result(int status) override;
+
+ protected:
+  friend class bluetooth_proxy::BluetoothProxy;
+  // The Bluedroid backend streams services in place from its stack cache.
+  friend class BluedroidGattClient;
+
+  /// First cause wins: a later, less specific error must not overwrite it.
+  void latch_pending_error_(conn_err_t err) {
+    if (this->pending_error_ == 0) {
+      this->pending_error_ = err;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Latch a refused reply for the proxy drain. One slot per connection,
+  /// newest wins: a GATT client works one request at a time, and a discarded
+  /// reply falls back to the timeout it would have hit anyway.
+  void latch_pending_ack_(PendingAck kind, uint16_t handle, conn_err_t error = 0) {
+    this->pending_ack_retries_ = 0;
+    this->pending_ack_ = kind;
+    this->pending_ack_handle_ = handle;
+    this->pending_ack_error_ = error;
+  }
+  void clear_pending_ack_() { this->pending_ack_ = PendingAck::PENDING_ACK_NONE; }
+  /// Drop an owed reply this re-ask makes stale. Clients match futures on
+  /// response type as well as handle, so an owed error (which resolves any op
+  /// on the handle) is cleared by any re-ask, other kinds only by their own.
+  void supersede_pending_ack_(uint16_t handle, PendingAck kind) {
+    if (this->has_pending_ack_() && this->pending_ack_handle_ == handle &&
+        (this->pending_ack_ == PendingAck::PENDING_ACK_ERROR || this->pending_ack_ == kind)) {
+      this->clear_pending_ack_();
+    }
+  }
+  bool has_pending_ack_() const { return this->pending_ack_ != PendingAck::PENDING_ACK_NONE; }
+  /// Warn on the stall's leading edge only. The batch is never lost (the
+  /// caller rewinds the cursor), and a warning per attempt would add traffic
+  /// to the connection already refusing frames. Both streamers route here.
+  void note_batch_stalled_();
+  /// Send the connected=true reply, latching it if the API refuses. Rebuilt
+  /// from address_ and mtu_, so the latch is one bit; a dropped confirmation
+  /// leaves the client timing out while this slot holds a live link. No retry
+  /// bound: the slot's lifetime is the bound (teardown clears the flag).
+  void send_connected_reply_();
+  /// Re-offer everything this slot owes. One entry point so the proxy drain
+  /// does not have to know which latches exist.
+  void flush_owed_replies_();
+  /// Drop everything this slot owes, in one write to the shared tail byte.
+  void clear_owed_flags_() {
+    this->pending_ack_ = PendingAck::PENDING_ACK_NONE;
+    this->batch_stalled_ = false;
+    this->connected_reply_owed_ = false;
+    this->ack_deferred_warned_ = false;
+    this->notify_drop_warned_ = false;
+  }
+  /// Sole construction site for these replies, shared by send and retry.
+  bool try_send_ack_(PendingAck kind, uint16_t handle, conn_err_t error);
+  /// First attempt: send, and latch it for the drain if the API refuses.
+  void send_ack_(PendingAck kind, uint16_t handle, conn_err_t error = 0);
+  /// Report a rejected request. Latched like a completion reply, so a
+  /// refused frame does not strand the client for its whole timeout.
+  void send_gatt_error_(uint16_t handle, conn_err_t error) {
+    this->send_ack_(PendingAck::PENDING_ACK_ERROR, handle, error);
+  }
+  /// Re-offer the owed reply; clears on success, stays owed on a refusal.
+  void flush_pending_ack_();
+  /// Advance the retry budget and abandon at the limit, without sending.
+  void age_pending_ack_();
+  // A backend providing its own streamer (see the contract doc) builds the
+  // response in place from its stack cache; the rest use the table streamer.
+  // Template so the discarded branch is not odr-checked against backends
+  // that lack the method.
+  template<typename Backend> void stream_pending_(Backend *backend) {
+    if constexpr (requires { backend->stream_service_batch(*this); }) {
+      backend->stream_service_batch(*this);
+    } else {
+      this->send_service_for_discovery_();
+    }
+  }
+  /// Park the stream without services-done and free any held table: an
+  /// interrupted stream must never be declared complete (the client's
+  /// timeout arbitrates), and an owed done is dropped with it.
+  void park_service_stream_() {
+    this->batch_stalled_ = false;
+    if (this->send_service_ >= 0) {
+      this->backend_->release_services();
+      this->send_service_ = DONE_SENDING_SERVICES;
+    } else if (this->send_service_ == SERVICES_DONE_PENDING) {
+      this->send_service_ = DONE_SENDING_SERVICES;
+    }
+  }
+  void send_service_for_discovery_();
+  /// Send services-done and settle the cursor: DONE when it lands (or no
+  /// subscriber), SERVICES_DONE_PENDING on a refused frame (proxy drain
+  /// retries). Callers release the table first; the message needs only the
+  /// address.
+  void send_services_done_();
+  /// Advance the retry budget and abandon at the limit, without sending.
+  void age_services_done_();
+  void reset_connection_(conn_err_t reason);
+  conn_err_t check_connected_op_(const char *action, const char *type) const;
+  void log_gatt_operation_error_(const char *operation, uint16_t handle, int status);
+
+  // Memory optimized layout for 32-bit systems
+  // Group 1: Pointers (4 bytes each, naturally aligned)
+  bluetooth_proxy::BluetoothProxy *proxy_{nullptr};
+  ble_device_base::BLEGattConnection *backend_{nullptr};
+
+  // Group 2: 2-byte types. Exactly 4 bytes, so address_ below stays
+  // 8-aligned with no padding (the vptr makes Group 1 12 bytes, not 8).
+  int16_t send_service_{INIT_SENDING_SERVICES};
+  uint16_t mtu_{ble_device_base::DEFAULT_ATT_MTU};
+
+  // Group 3: 8-byte and 4-byte types
+  uint64_t address_{0};
+  conn_err_t pending_error_{0};
+  // Full width: the GATT error domain is open-ended (ble_gatt_client.h) and
+  // forwarded untranslated, so narrowing would corrupt platform codes.
+  conn_err_t pending_ack_error_{0};
+
+  // Group 4: Arrays
+  char address_str_[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE]{};
+  // Parked here rather than in Group 2: address_str_ ends 2-aligned, so this
+  // uses tail slack instead of pushing address_ out by 6 bytes of padding.
+  uint16_t pending_ack_handle_{0};
+
+  // Group 5: bit-packed tail. The first two bytes were already full, so the
+  // first added bit forced a third and took the 8-aligned object 48 -> 56;
+  // the handle, error and retry counter ride in that padding. Two bitfield
+  // bits left; another byte-sized member costs 8 per slot.
+  static_assert(static_cast<uint8_t>(ClientState::ESTABLISHED) < (1 << 3), "state_ bitfield too narrow");
+  static_assert(static_cast<uint8_t>(ConnectionType::V3_WITHOUT_CACHE) < (1 << 2),
+                "connection_type_ bitfield too narrow");
+  // Ordered so neither byte's fields straddle a storage unit: 3+5 and
+  // 4+2+1+1 fill the first two tail bytes exactly.
+  ClientState state_ : 3 {ClientState::IDLE};
+  static_assert(SERVICES_DONE_RETRY_LIMIT < (1 << 5), "counter bitfield too narrow");
+  uint8_t services_done_retries_ : 5 {0};
+  uint8_t connection_index_ : 4 {0};
+  ConnectionType connection_type_ : 2 {ConnectionType::V1};
+  bool paired_ : 1 {false};
+  bool services_discovered_ : 1 {false};
+  static_assert(static_cast<uint8_t>(PendingAck::PENDING_ACK_ERROR) < (1 << 2), "pending_ack_ bitfield too narrow");
+  PendingAck pending_ack_ : 2 {PendingAck::PENDING_ACK_NONE};
+  /// Set while a refused batch is retrying, so only the first one warns.
+  bool batch_stalled_ : 1 {false};
+  /// An owed connected=true reply; the proxy's paced drain re-offers it.
+  bool connected_reply_owed_ : 1 {false};
+  /// Set once the deferred warn fired; with an unchanged pending_ack_handle_
+  /// it keeps re-deferrals of the same handle quiet (see send_ack_).
+  bool ack_deferred_warned_ : 1 {false};
+  /// Set on the first dropped notify; later drops log at verbose only.
+  bool notify_drop_warned_ : 1 {false};
+  // Plain byte after the bitfields: takes the padding byte instead of
+  // straddling pending_ack_'s storage unit and growing the object.
+  static_assert(PENDING_ACK_RETRY_LIMIT <= 0xFF, "retry counter too narrow");
+  uint8_t pending_ack_retries_{0};
+};
+
+// Pins the grouping above: pending_ack_handle_ in Group 2 instead would pad
+// address_ out and reach 64. 32-bit only; the host unit tests build 64-bit.
+static_assert(sizeof(void *) != 4 || sizeof(BluetoothConnection) <= 56,
+              "BluetoothConnection layout regressed on a 32-bit target");
+
+}  // namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection
+
+#endif  // USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
diff --git a/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_rp2.cpp b/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_rp2.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..16a89dcfdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_rp2.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1287 @@
+#include "bluetooth_connection_rp2.h"
+
+#include "bluetooth_connection.h"
+
+#if defined(USE_RP2040_BLE) && defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT)
+
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+#include <BluetoothLock.h>
+
+#include <cstring>
+#include <new>
+
+namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "bluetooth_connection";
+
+using ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID;
+using ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+using ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NO_MEMORY;
+
+// Engine-owned timeouts: BTstack has a 30 s ATT transaction timeout but no
+// connect timeout — a stuck LE_CONNECTING both blocks future gap_connect calls
+// and keeps the scan inhibited, so the engine cancels after 20 s. The
+// disconnect timeout mirrors the esp32 CLOSE_EVT safety net.
+static constexpr uint32_t CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS = 20000;
+// Budget after a cancel is in flight: its completion normally lands within
+// tens of ms, and while the engine waits it pins the stack-wide connect slot,
+// so a lost completion must cost seconds, not another full connect budget.
+static constexpr uint32_t CONNECT_CANCEL_TIMEOUT_MS = 2000;
+// Pending engines re-attempt gap_connect on this cadence instead of every
+// loop pass: the DISALLOWED path (teardown overlap) takes BluetoothLock.
+static constexpr uint32_t CONNECT_RETRY_INTERVAL_MS = 50;
+// Can-send windows normally open within a connection interval (tens of ms).
+static constexpr uint32_t WRITE_NO_RSP_TIMEOUT_MS = 500;
+
+// HCI "connection timeout" reason, reported when a teardown had to be forced.
+static constexpr uint8_t HCI_REASON_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT = 0x08;
+
+// Initiating-scan parameters and connection-event lengths for outgoing
+// connections (BTstack-specific knobs; the connection intervals themselves are
+// the shared FAST/MEDIUM parameters from ble_device_base/ble_client_state.h,
+// used in the same lifecycle places as esp32: FAST for connect and service
+// discovery, MEDIUM once established).
+static constexpr uint16_t CONN_SCAN_INTERVAL = 96;  // 60 ms in 0.625 ms units
+static constexpr uint16_t CONN_SCAN_WINDOW = 48;    // 30 ms in 0.625 ms units
+static constexpr uint16_t CONN_CE_MIN = 16;         // 10 ms in 0.625 ms units
+static constexpr uint16_t CONN_CE_MAX = 48;         // 30 ms in 0.625 ms units
+
+using ble_device_base::FAST_CONN_TIMEOUT;
+using ble_device_base::FAST_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL;
+using ble_device_base::FAST_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL;
+using ble_device_base::MEDIUM_CONN_TIMEOUT;
+using ble_device_base::MEDIUM_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL;
+using ble_device_base::MEDIUM_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL;
+
+// NOLINTBEGIN(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+RP2GattClient *RP2GattClient::instances[ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT] = {};
+uint8_t RP2GattClient::instance_count = 0;
+btstack_packet_callback_registration_t RP2GattClient::hci_event_registration = {};
+btstack_packet_callback_registration_t RP2GattClient::sm_event_registration = {};
+RP2GattClient *RP2GattClient::connect_owner = nullptr;
+// NOLINTEND(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+
+static ESPBTUUID uuid_from_btstack(uint16_t uuid16, const uint8_t uuid128[16]) {
+  if (uuid16 != 0) {
+    return ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(uuid16);
+  }
+  // BTstack structs carry the 128-bit form big-endian (printable order).
+  return ESPBTUUID::from_raw_reversed(uuid128);
+}
+
+void RP2GattClient::setup() {
+  // Pre-create every pool entry so the packet handlers' allocate() calls are
+  // always a free-list pop -- the IRQ path must never reach malloc().
+  if (!this->event_pool_.warm() || !this->notify_pool_.warm()) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "GATT event pool warm-up failed");
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Register this engine for IRQ-context event routing.
+  if (instance_count >= ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT) {
+    // Cannot happen with codegen-sized storage; refuse loudly if it ever does.
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "GATT client registry full");
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return;
+  }
+  {
+    // One locked section: the slot store lands before the count bump, and a
+    // live HCI handler (N > 1 builds) cannot read a half-written registry.
+    BluetoothLock lock;
+    this->engine_index_ = instance_count;
+    instances[instance_count] = this;
+    instance_count++;
+    // One HCI event handler for all engine instances (BTstack supports
+    // multiple registrations, so rp2040_ble's own handler is unaffected).
+    if (hci_event_registration.callback == nullptr) {
+      hci_event_registration.callback = &RP2GattClient::hci_packet_handler;
+      hci_add_event_handler(&hci_event_registration);
+      sm_event_registration.callback = &RP2GattClient::sm_packet_handler;
+      sm_add_event_handler(&sm_event_registration);
+    }
+  }
+
+#ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
+  ota::get_global_ota_callback()->add_global_state_listener(this);
+#endif
+
+  this->disable_loop();
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
+void RP2GattClient::on_ota_global_state(ota::OTAState state, float progress, uint8_t error, ota::OTAComponent *comp) {
+  // esp32 parity (its tracker disconnects every client at OTA start): free
+  // the shared radio for the transfer. No restore needed; the client
+  // reconnects, and on success the device reboots anyway.
+  if (state == ota::OTA_STARTED && this->state_ != EngineState::IDLE) {
+    this->gatt_disconnect();
+  }
+}
+#endif
+
+float RP2GattClient::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::AFTER_BLUETOOTH; }
+
+void RP2GattClient::dump_config() { ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "RP2 GATT client (BTstack)"); }
+
+// ---- IRQ-context handlers: copy-and-enqueue only ----
+
+RP2GattClient *RP2GattClient::instance_for_con_handle(hci_con_handle_t con_handle) {
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < instance_count; i++) {
+    if (instances[i]->con_handle_ == con_handle) {
+      return instances[i];
+    }
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+void RP2GattClient::hci_packet_handler(uint8_t type, uint16_t channel, uint8_t *packet, uint16_t size) {
+  if (type != HCI_EVENT_PACKET) {
+    return;
+  }
+  uint8_t event_type = hci_event_packet_get_type(packet);
+  switch (event_type) {
+    case HCI_EVENT_META_GAP: {
+      if (hci_event_gap_meta_get_subevent_code(packet) != GAP_SUBEVENT_LE_CONNECTION_COMPLETE) {
+        break;
+      }
+      uint8_t status = gap_subevent_le_connection_complete_get_status(packet);
+      hci_con_handle_t con_handle = gap_subevent_le_connection_complete_get_connection_handle(packet);
+      bd_addr_t peer;
+      gap_subevent_le_connection_complete_get_peer_address(packet, peer);
+      // Route by ownership, not address: gap_connect refuses a new
+      // create-connection until the previous completion is processed, so the
+      // event belongs to the owner by construction. Cancel completions carry
+      // a zeroed peer address on this controller, so an address match would
+      // drop them and pin the owner until its backstop.
+      RP2GattClient *inst = connect_owner;
+      static constexpr bd_addr_t ZERO_ADDR = {};
+      if (inst != nullptr && memcmp(peer, ZERO_ADDR, sizeof(bd_addr_t)) != 0 &&
+          memcmp(inst->peer_addr_, peer, sizeof(bd_addr_t)) != 0) {
+        // Addressed completion for a peer the owner is not connecting to: a
+        // success delayed past a cancel and an ownership handoff (the cancel
+        // idles the stack's request immediately) must not stamp the old
+        // procedure's link onto the new owner. Zero-address (cancel)
+        // completions need no such guard: BTstack only emits them while its
+        // request state is idle, and a new owner re-arms that state when it
+        // claims the token, so a stale cancel completion is swallowed by the
+        // stack, never re-attributed. A successful stale link still needs
+        // disposal (same hazard as the unowned branch below).
+        if (status == 0) {
+          gap_disconnect(con_handle);
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      connect_owner = nullptr;
+      if (inst == nullptr) {
+        if (status == 0) {
+          // Nobody owns this late link (the owner escalated first): tear it
+          // down here or the hci_connection_t leaks and the peer answers
+          // DISALLOWED until reboot.
+          gap_disconnect(con_handle);
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      if (status == 0) {
+        // Stamp the handle here in the BTstack context: a disconnection
+        // racing the queued CONNECTED event arrives in this same context
+        // and must route by handle (it carries no address).
+        inst->con_handle_ = con_handle;
+      }
+      inst->enqueue_event_irq_(RP2GattEvent::CONNECTED, status, con_handle);
+      break;
+    }
+    case HCI_EVENT_DISCONNECTION_COMPLETE: {
+      // Routable even against a still-queued CONNECTED event: the handle is
+      // stamped in this context at connection-complete time.
+      RP2GattClient *inst = instance_for_con_handle(hci_event_disconnection_complete_get_connection_handle(packet));
+      if (inst != nullptr) {
+        inst->enqueue_event_irq_(RP2GattEvent::DISCONNECTED, hci_event_disconnection_complete_get_reason(packet), 0);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+void RP2GattClient::sm_packet_handler(uint8_t type, uint16_t channel, uint8_t *packet, uint16_t size) {
+  if (type != HCI_EVENT_PACKET) {
+    return;
+  }
+  switch (hci_event_packet_get_type(packet)) {
+    case SM_EVENT_JUST_WORKS_REQUEST:
+      // Confirming from the SM callback is the intended BTstack pattern.
+      // Unscoped on purpose: no peripheral role exists in-tree, and scoping
+      // would drop a request racing the queued CONNECTED event.
+      sm_just_works_confirm(sm_event_just_works_request_get_handle(packet));
+      break;
+    case SM_EVENT_PAIRING_COMPLETE: {
+      RP2GattClient *inst = instance_for_con_handle(sm_event_pairing_complete_get_handle(packet));
+      if (inst != nullptr) {
+        inst->enqueue_event_irq_(RP2GattEvent::PAIRING_RESULT, sm_event_pairing_complete_get_status(packet), 0);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case SM_EVENT_REENCRYPTION_COMPLETE: {
+      // A bonded peer re-encrypts instead of pairing; BTstack emits only this
+      // event on that path, so it answers the PAIR request too.
+      RP2GattClient *inst = instance_for_con_handle(sm_event_reencryption_complete_get_handle(packet));
+      if (inst != nullptr) {
+        inst->enqueue_event_irq_(RP2GattEvent::PAIRING_RESULT, sm_event_reencryption_complete_get_status(packet), 0);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+void RP2GattClient::gatt_packet_handler(uint8_t type, uint16_t channel, uint8_t *packet, uint16_t size) {
+  if (type != HCI_EVENT_PACKET) {
+    return;
+  }
+  uint8_t event_type = hci_event_packet_get_type(packet);
+  // Every GATT event carries the connection handle in the same position via
+  // its accessor; route on it.
+  hci_con_handle_t con_handle;
+  switch (event_type) {
+    case GATT_EVENT_MTU:
+      con_handle = gatt_event_mtu_get_handle(packet);
+      break;
+    case GATT_EVENT_SERVICE_QUERY_RESULT:
+      con_handle = gatt_event_service_query_result_get_handle(packet);
+      break;
+    case GATT_EVENT_CHARACTERISTIC_QUERY_RESULT:
+      con_handle = gatt_event_characteristic_query_result_get_handle(packet);
+      break;
+    case GATT_EVENT_ALL_CHARACTERISTIC_DESCRIPTORS_QUERY_RESULT:
+      con_handle = gatt_event_all_characteristic_descriptors_query_result_get_handle(packet);
+      break;
+    case GATT_EVENT_LONG_CHARACTERISTIC_VALUE_QUERY_RESULT:
+      con_handle = gatt_event_long_characteristic_value_query_result_get_handle(packet);
+      break;
+    case GATT_EVENT_LONG_CHARACTERISTIC_DESCRIPTOR_QUERY_RESULT:
+      con_handle = gatt_event_long_characteristic_descriptor_query_result_get_handle(packet);
+      break;
+    case GATT_EVENT_NOTIFICATION:
+      con_handle = gatt_event_notification_get_handle(packet);
+      break;
+    case GATT_EVENT_INDICATION:
+      con_handle = gatt_event_indication_get_handle(packet);
+      break;
+    case GATT_EVENT_QUERY_COMPLETE:
+      con_handle = gatt_event_query_complete_get_handle(packet);
+      break;
+    default:
+      return;
+  }
+  RP2GattClient *inst = instance_for_con_handle(con_handle);
+  if (inst != nullptr) {
+    inst->handle_gatt_event_irq_(event_type, packet);
+  }
+}
+
+void RP2GattClient::handle_gatt_event_irq_(uint8_t event_type, const uint8_t *packet) {
+  switch (event_type) {
+    case GATT_EVENT_MTU:
+      this->enqueue_event_irq_(RP2GattEvent::MTU_EXCHANGED, 0, gatt_event_mtu_get_MTU(packet));
+      break;
+    case GATT_EVENT_QUERY_COMPLETE:
+      this->enqueue_event_irq_(RP2GattEvent::QUERY_COMPLETE, gatt_event_query_complete_get_att_status(packet), 0);
+      break;
+    case GATT_EVENT_SERVICE_QUERY_RESULT: {
+      if (this->arena_ == nullptr) {
+        break;
+      }
+      if (this->service_count_ >= RP2_GATT_MAX_SERVICES) {
+        this->truncated_ = true;
+        break;
+      }
+      gatt_client_service_t service;
+      gatt_event_service_query_result_get_service(packet, &service);
+      auto &dst = this->arena_->services[this->service_count_];
+      dst.uuid = uuid_from_btstack(service.uuid16, service.uuid128);
+      dst.start_handle = service.start_group_handle;
+      dst.end_handle = service.end_group_handle;
+      dst.first_characteristic = 0;
+      dst.characteristic_count = 0;
+      this->service_count_++;
+      break;
+    }
+    case GATT_EVENT_CHARACTERISTIC_QUERY_RESULT: {
+      if (this->arena_ == nullptr) {
+        break;
+      }
+      if (this->char_count_ >= RP2_GATT_MAX_CHARACTERISTICS) {
+        this->truncated_ = true;
+        break;
+      }
+      gatt_client_characteristic_t characteristic;
+      gatt_event_characteristic_query_result_get_characteristic(packet, &characteristic);
+      auto &dst = this->arena_->characteristics[this->char_count_];
+      dst.uuid = uuid_from_btstack(characteristic.uuid16, characteristic.uuid128);
+      dst.value_handle = characteristic.value_handle;
+      dst.end_handle = characteristic.end_handle;
+      dst.properties = static_cast<uint8_t>(characteristic.properties);
+      dst.first_descriptor = 0;
+      dst.descriptor_count = 0;
+      this->char_count_++;
+      break;
+    }
+    case GATT_EVENT_ALL_CHARACTERISTIC_DESCRIPTORS_QUERY_RESULT: {
+      if (this->arena_ == nullptr) {
+        break;
+      }
+      if (this->desc_count_ >= RP2_GATT_MAX_DESCRIPTORS) {
+        this->truncated_ = true;
+        break;
+      }
+      gatt_client_characteristic_descriptor_t descriptor;
+      gatt_event_all_characteristic_descriptors_query_result_get_characteristic_descriptor(packet, &descriptor);
+      auto &dst = this->arena_->descriptors[this->desc_count_];
+      dst.uuid = uuid_from_btstack(descriptor.uuid16, descriptor.uuid128);
+      dst.handle = descriptor.handle;
+      this->desc_count_++;
+      break;
+    }
+    case GATT_EVENT_LONG_CHARACTERISTIC_VALUE_QUERY_RESULT:
+      // One blob per event at the reported offset; assemble into the op buffer.
+      this->assemble_blob_irq_(gatt_event_long_characteristic_value_query_result_get_value_offset(packet),
+                               gatt_event_long_characteristic_value_query_result_get_value(packet),
+                               gatt_event_long_characteristic_value_query_result_get_value_length(packet));
+      break;
+    case GATT_EVENT_LONG_CHARACTERISTIC_DESCRIPTOR_QUERY_RESULT:
+      this->assemble_blob_irq_(gatt_event_long_characteristic_descriptor_query_result_get_descriptor_offset(packet),
+                               gatt_event_long_characteristic_descriptor_query_result_get_descriptor(packet),
+                               gatt_event_long_characteristic_descriptor_query_result_get_descriptor_length(packet));
+      break;
+    case GATT_EVENT_NOTIFICATION:
+      this->enqueue_notify_irq_(gatt_event_notification_get_value_handle(packet),
+                                gatt_event_notification_get_value(packet),
+                                gatt_event_notification_get_value_length(packet));
+      break;
+    case GATT_EVENT_INDICATION:
+      // BTstack auto-confirms indications; deliver like a notification.
+      this->enqueue_notify_irq_(gatt_event_indication_get_value_handle(packet), gatt_event_indication_get_value(packet),
+                                gatt_event_indication_get_value_length(packet));
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+// NOLINTBEGIN(clang-analyzer-unix.Malloc)
+void RP2GattClient::assemble_blob_irq_(uint16_t offset, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+  if (offset >= RP2_GATT_MAX_ATTR_LEN) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (len > RP2_GATT_MAX_ATTR_LEN - offset) {
+    len = RP2_GATT_MAX_ATTR_LEN - offset;
+  }
+  memcpy(this->op_buffer_ + offset, data, len);
+  if (offset + len > this->op_len_) {
+    this->op_len_ = offset + len;
+  }
+}
+
+void RP2GattClient::enqueue_event_irq_(RP2GattEvent::Type type, uint8_t status, uint16_t value) {
+  RP2GattEvent *event = this->event_pool_.allocate();
+  if (event == nullptr) {
+    this->event_queue_.increment_dropped_count();
+    this->enable_loop_soon_any_context();
+    return;
+  }
+  event->type = type;
+  event->status = status;
+  event->value = value;
+  this->event_queue_.push(event);
+  this->enable_loop_soon_any_context();
+}
+
+void RP2GattClient::enqueue_notify_irq_(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+  RP2GattNotifyEvent *event = this->notify_pool_.allocate();
+  if (event == nullptr) {
+    this->notify_queue_.increment_dropped_count();
+    this->enable_loop_soon_any_context();
+    return;
+  }
+  event->handle = handle;
+  event->len = len > RP2_GATT_MAX_ATTR_LEN ? RP2_GATT_MAX_ATTR_LEN : len;
+  memcpy(event->data, data, event->len);
+  this->notify_queue_.push(event);
+  this->enable_loop_soon_any_context();
+}
+// NOLINTEND(clang-analyzer-unix.Malloc)
+
+// ---- Main-loop state machine ----
+
+void RP2GattClient::loop() {
+  RP2GattEvent *event;
+  while ((event = this->event_queue_.pop()) != nullptr) {
+    RP2GattEvent copy = *event;
+    this->event_pool_.release(event);
+    this->handle_event_(copy);
+  }
+
+  RP2GattNotifyEvent *notify;
+  while ((notify = this->notify_queue_.pop()) != nullptr) {
+    if (this->notify_subscribed_(notify->handle)) {
+      this->listener_->on_notify_data(notify->handle, notify->data, notify->len);
+    }
+    this->notify_pool_.release(notify);
+  }
+
+  uint16_t dropped = this->event_queue_.get_and_reset_dropped_count();
+  if (dropped > 0) {
+    // Control events must not be lost; the connection state is no longer
+    // trustworthy — recover with a forced teardown.
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%u] Dropped %u GATT control events, disconnecting", this->engine_index_, dropped);
+    this->gatt_disconnect();
+  }
+  uint16_t notify_dropped = this->notify_queue_.get_and_reset_dropped_count();
+  if (notify_dropped > 0) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%u] Dropped %u GATT notifications (queue full)", this->engine_index_, notify_dropped);
+  }
+
+  if (this->state_ == EngineState::CONNECT_PENDING) {
+    uint32_t now = millis();
+    if (now - this->connect_started_ > CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS) {
+      // Never reached the radio; nothing stack-side to cancel.
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%u] Connect timeout (queued)", this->engine_index_);
+      this->fail_connection_(HCI_REASON_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT);
+    } else if (now - this->connect_retry_ms_ >= CONNECT_RETRY_INTERVAL_MS) {
+      this->connect_retry_ms_ = now;
+      if (int err = this->try_gap_connect_(); err != 0) {
+        this->fail_connection_(static_cast<uint8_t>(err));
+      }
+    }
+  } else if (this->state_ == EngineState::CONNECTING || this->state_ == EngineState::MTU_EXCHANGE) {
+    uint32_t now = millis();
+    bool cancel_in_flight = this->state_ == EngineState::CONNECTING && this->con_handle_ == HCI_CON_HANDLE_INVALID &&
+                            this->connect_cancel_attempted_;
+    uint32_t budget = cancel_in_flight ? CONNECT_CANCEL_TIMEOUT_MS : CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS;
+    if (now - this->connect_started_ > budget) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%u] Connect timeout", this->engine_index_);
+      bool link_up = this->state_ != EngineState::CONNECTING;
+      bool cancel_sent = false;
+      if (!link_up) {
+        BluetoothLock lock;
+        // Handle check under the lock: a success completion can stamp it in
+        // the BTstack context right up to this point, and escalating past a
+        // live link would orphan it (the queued CONNECTED event is dropped
+        // by the state guard once fail_connection_ runs).
+        link_up = this->con_handle_ != HCI_CON_HANDLE_INVALID;
+        if (!link_up && connect_owner == this) {
+          // gap_connect_cancel is stack-global; only the engine whose
+          // create-connection is in flight may issue it. First timeout:
+          // cancel and give the completion a grace period. Second: the
+          // completion was lost, re-issue the cancel in case the procedure
+          // still runs (a no-op on an idle stack), then escalate.
+          gap_connect_cancel();
+          cancel_sent = !this->connect_cancel_attempted_;
+        }
+        this->connect_cancel_attempted_ = true;
+      }
+      if (link_up) {
+        // The link is up (stamped mid-timeout or MTU exchange stalled): tear
+        // it down properly so the controller frees its side; the
+        // DISCONNECTING safety net below reclaims state if the disconnection
+        // event is lost. Dropping engine state without gap_disconnect would
+        // leak the live link and this engine's GATT slot for the rest of the
+        // boot.
+        this->gatt_disconnect();
+      } else if (cancel_sent) {
+        // The cancel produces a connection-complete event with a failure
+        // status, which drives the normal failure path; restart the timer so
+        // a lost event escalates on the short cancel budget.
+        this->connect_started_ = now;
+      } else {
+        this->fail_connection_(HCI_REASON_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT);
+      }
+    }
+  } else if (this->state_ == EngineState::DISCONNECTING) {
+    if (millis() - this->disconnecting_started_ > ble_device_base::GATT_DISCONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%u] Disconnect timeout, forcing idle", this->engine_index_);
+      this->handle_disconnected_(HCI_REASON_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT);
+    }
+  } else if (this->state_ == EngineState::READY && this->op_type_ == OpType::WRITE_CHAR_NO_RSP &&
+             millis() - this->write_no_rsp_started_ > WRITE_NO_RSP_TIMEOUT_MS) {
+    // The can-send window never opened; report instead of hanging the op slot.
+    bool timed_out = false;
+    {
+      BluetoothLock lock;
+      // The trampoline may have just sent it; its queued result wins.
+      if (this->event_queue_.empty()) {
+        this->op_type_ = OpType::NONE;
+        timed_out = true;
+      }
+    }
+    if (timed_out) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%u] Deferred write timeout, handle=0x%04x", this->engine_index_, this->op_handle_);
+      this->listener_->on_write_result(this->op_handle_, GATT_CLIENT_BUSY);
+    }
+  } else if (this->state_ == EngineState::IDLE || (this->state_ == EngineState::READY && !this->op_in_flight_() &&
+                                                   this->event_queue_.empty() && this->notify_queue_.empty())) {
+    // Nothing pending: the enqueue path re-arms the loop from any context.
+    this->disable_loop();
+  }
+}
+
+void RP2GattClient::handle_event_(const RP2GattEvent &event) {
+  switch (event.type) {
+    case RP2GattEvent::CONNECTED:
+      this->handle_connected_(event.status, event.value);
+      break;
+    case RP2GattEvent::DISCONNECTED:
+      this->handle_disconnected_(event.status);
+      break;
+    case RP2GattEvent::MTU_EXCHANGED:
+      if (this->state_ == EngineState::MTU_EXCHANGE) {
+        this->mtu_ = event.value;
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%u] MTU %u", this->engine_index_, this->mtu_);
+        this->state_ = EngineState::READY;
+        // Scanning resumes and runs alongside the established connection.
+        this->release_scan_inhibit_();
+        this->listener_->on_connection_state(true, this->mtu_, 0);
+      }
+      break;
+    case RP2GattEvent::QUERY_COMPLETE:
+      this->handle_query_complete_(event.status);
+      break;
+    case RP2GattEvent::WRITE_NO_RSP_DONE:
+      this->finish_write_no_rsp_(event.status);
+      break;
+    case RP2GattEvent::PAIRING_RESULT:
+      this->listener_->on_pairing_result(event.status);
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+void RP2GattClient::can_write_no_rsp_trampoline(void *context) {
+  // BTstack context: this callback IS the can-send window, so the deferred
+  // write happens here; only the result is enqueued for the main loop.
+  auto *self = static_cast<RP2GattClient *>(context);
+  if (self->op_type_ != OpType::WRITE_CHAR_NO_RSP) {
+    return;
+  }
+  uint8_t status = gatt_client_write_value_of_characteristic_without_response(self->con_handle_, self->op_handle_,
+                                                                              self->op_len_, self->op_buffer_);
+  if ((status == GATT_CLIENT_BUSY || status == BTSTACK_ACL_BUFFERS_FULL) &&
+      gatt_client_request_to_write_without_response(&self->can_write_registration_, self->con_handle_) == 0) {
+    return;  // next window retries; a failed re-arm falls through as an error
+  }
+  self->enqueue_event_irq_(RP2GattEvent::WRITE_NO_RSP_DONE, status, 0);
+}
+
+void RP2GattClient::finish_write_no_rsp_(uint8_t status) {
+  if (this->op_type_ != OpType::WRITE_CHAR_NO_RSP) {
+    return;
+  }
+  this->op_type_ = OpType::NONE;
+  this->listener_->on_write_result(this->op_handle_, status);
+}
+
+void RP2GattClient::handle_connected_(uint8_t status, uint16_t con_handle) {
+  if (this->state_ != EngineState::CONNECTING) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (status != 0) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%u] Connect failed, status=0x%02x", this->engine_index_, status);
+    this->fail_connection_(status);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (this->cancel_requested_) {
+    // A disconnect request raced the connection complete and lost; finish
+    // the teardown instead of reporting a connection nobody wants.
+    this->con_handle_ = con_handle;
+    this->state_ = EngineState::DISCONNECTING;
+    this->disconnecting_started_ = millis();
+    // No more initiating: give the radio back to the scanner during teardown.
+    this->release_scan_inhibit_();
+    uint8_t disc_status;
+    {
+      BluetoothLock lock;
+      disc_status = gap_disconnect(this->con_handle_);
+    }
+    if (disc_status != 0) {
+      this->handle_disconnected_(HCI_REASON_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT);
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+  this->con_handle_ = con_handle;
+  this->state_ = EngineState::MTU_EXCHANGE;
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%u] Link up, handle=0x%04x, negotiating MTU", this->engine_index_, con_handle);
+  BluetoothLock lock;
+  // One wildcard listener covers notifications/indications for every
+  // characteristic on this connection; the CCCD writes come from the API
+  // client as plain descriptor writes.
+  gatt_client_listen_for_characteristic_value_updates(&this->notification_registration_,
+                                                      &RP2GattClient::gatt_packet_handler, this->con_handle_, nullptr);
+  // Auto MTU negotiation is disabled (see rp2040_ble enable hooks), so the
+  // exchange is kicked explicitly; GATT_EVENT_MTU completes it. Without the
+  // explicit kick the MTU would only be exchanged on the first GATT query,
+  // which never happens on a V3_WITH_CACHE connection.
+  // Both registration calls above return void (BTstack 075a078, arduino-pico
+  // 6.0.0); failures surface as a missing GATT_EVENT_MTU and are reclaimed by
+  // the connect timeout in loop().
+  gatt_client_send_mtu_negotiation(&RP2GattClient::gatt_packet_handler, this->con_handle_);
+}
+
+void RP2GattClient::release_scan_inhibit_() {
+  if (this->holds_scan_inhibit_) {
+    this->holds_scan_inhibit_ = false;
+    this->parent_->release_scan_inhibit();
+  }
+}
+
+void RP2GattClient::fail_connection_(uint8_t reason) {
+  {
+    // Timeout escalation can fire with the completion event lost; release the
+    // stack-wide connect slot so pending engines can proceed. Until the old
+    // completion is processed, gap_connect answers any peer with DISALLOWED
+    // (the request-level guard in hci.c); a cancel idles that request
+    // immediately, and a late addressed completion from the old procedure is
+    // then dropped by the owner-peer cross-check in the handler.
+    BluetoothLock lock;
+    if (connect_owner == this) {
+      connect_owner = nullptr;
+    }
+    if (this->state_ == EngineState::CONNECTING && this->con_handle_ != HCI_CON_HANDLE_INVALID) {
+      // A success completion stamped the handle between the escalation
+      // decision and this lock: tear the link down before cleanup wipes the
+      // handle, or it leaks its pool block for the rest of the boot.
+      gap_disconnect(this->con_handle_);
+    }
+  }
+  this->cleanup_link_state_();
+  this->release_scan_inhibit_();
+  this->state_ = EngineState::IDLE;
+  this->listener_->on_connection_state(false, 0, reason);
+}
+
+void RP2GattClient::cleanup_link_state_() {
+  // Drop notifications queued behind the disconnect so they cannot emit
+  // against a freed slot (address 0) on the next loop.
+  RP2GattNotifyEvent *stale;
+  while ((stale = this->notify_queue_.pop()) != nullptr) {
+    this->notify_pool_.release(stale);
+  }
+  // con_handle_ may be stamped in the BTstack context before the main loop
+  // registers the listener, so a valid handle does not imply a registration;
+  // stop_listening on an unregistered entry is a benign no-op. One lock
+  // scope around check and reset so an IRQ stamp cannot land in between
+  // (unreachable today — ownership is released before cleanup — but the
+  // invariant lives three functions away).
+  {
+    BluetoothLock lock;
+    if (this->con_handle_ != HCI_CON_HANDLE_INVALID) {
+      gatt_client_stop_listening_for_characteristic_value_updates(&this->notification_registration_);
+    }
+    this->con_handle_ = HCI_CON_HANDLE_INVALID;
+  }
+  this->notify_subscription_count_ = 0;
+  this->cancel_requested_ = false;
+  this->op_type_ = OpType::NONE;
+  this->discovery_phase_ = DiscoveryPhase::NONE;
+  this->release_services();
+}
+
+void RP2GattClient::handle_disconnected_(uint8_t reason) {
+  if (this->state_ == EngineState::IDLE) {
+    return;
+  }
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%u] Disconnected, reason=0x%02x", this->engine_index_, reason);
+  this->fail_connection_(reason);
+}
+
+void RP2GattClient::handle_query_complete_(uint8_t att_status) {
+  // Stale completions cannot cross connections: the loop drains the whole
+  // event queue every iteration, teardown resets op/discovery state, and a
+  // new discovery is only issued after the new link's MTU event — which in
+  // this BTstack emits no QUERY_COMPLETE (the MTU state machine is separate
+  // from the query state machine). Completions with nothing in flight are
+  // dropped below.
+  if (this->op_type_ != OpType::NONE && this->op_type_ != OpType::WRITE_CHAR_NO_RSP) {
+    OpType op = this->op_type_;
+    this->op_type_ = OpType::NONE;
+    switch (op) {
+      case OpType::READ_CHAR:
+      case OpType::READ_DESC:
+        // A value that is an exact multiple of MTU - 1 ends with a trailing
+        // blob request some peers refuse with INVALID_OFFSET; the read is
+        // complete, not failed.
+        if ((att_status == ATT_ERROR_INVALID_OFFSET || att_status == ATT_ERROR_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_LONG) &&
+            this->op_len_ > 0) {
+          att_status = 0;
+        }
+        this->listener_->on_read_result(this->op_handle_, this->op_buffer_, att_status == 0 ? this->op_len_ : 0,
+                                        att_status);
+        break;
+      case OpType::WRITE_CHAR:
+      case OpType::WRITE_DESC:
+        this->listener_->on_write_result(this->op_handle_, att_status);
+        break;
+      default:
+        break;
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+  if (this->discovery_phase_ != DiscoveryPhase::NONE) {
+    this->advance_discovery_(att_status);
+  }
+}
+
+// ---- Service discovery ----
+
+int RP2GattClient::discover_services() {
+  if (this->state_ != EngineState::READY) {
+    return GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  }
+  if (this->op_in_flight_()) {
+    return GATT_CLIENT_IN_WRONG_STATE;
+  }
+  if (this->arena_ == nullptr) {
+    // Transient: freed in release_services() right after the table streams
+    // to the API client (mirrors Bluedroid's own per-connection GATT DB
+    // lifetime on esp32). Checked: a fragmented heap must surface as a
+    // stack error the proxy can report, not a device reset.
+    RAMAllocator<ServiceArena> allocator(RAMAllocator<ServiceArena>::ALLOC_INTERNAL);
+    this->arena_ = allocator.allocate(1);
+    if (this->arena_ == nullptr) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%u] Service table allocation failed", this->engine_index_);
+      return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NO_MEMORY;
+    }
+    new (this->arena_) ServiceArena();
+  }
+  this->service_count_ = 0;
+  this->char_count_ = 0;
+  this->desc_count_ = 0;
+  this->truncated_ = false;
+  this->discovery_phase_ = DiscoveryPhase::SERVICES;
+  BluetoothLock lock;
+  uint8_t status = gatt_client_discover_primary_services(&RP2GattClient::gatt_packet_handler, this->con_handle_);
+  if (status != 0) {
+    this->discovery_phase_ = DiscoveryPhase::NONE;
+    this->release_services();
+    return status;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int RP2GattClient::issue_characteristic_query_(uint16_t service_index) {
+  auto &service = this->arena_->services[service_index];
+  gatt_client_service_t btstack_service = {};
+  btstack_service.start_group_handle = service.start_handle;
+  btstack_service.end_group_handle = service.end_handle;
+  service.first_characteristic = this->char_count_;
+  BluetoothLock lock;
+  return gatt_client_discover_characteristics_for_service(&RP2GattClient::gatt_packet_handler, this->con_handle_,
+                                                          &btstack_service);
+}
+
+int RP2GattClient::issue_descriptor_query_(uint16_t char_index) {
+  auto &chr = this->arena_->characteristics[char_index];
+  gatt_client_characteristic_t btstack_characteristic = {};
+  btstack_characteristic.value_handle = chr.value_handle;
+  btstack_characteristic.end_handle = chr.end_handle;
+  chr.first_descriptor = this->desc_count_;
+  BluetoothLock lock;
+  return gatt_client_discover_characteristic_descriptors(&RP2GattClient::gatt_packet_handler, this->con_handle_,
+                                                         &btstack_characteristic);
+}
+
+void RP2GattClient::advance_discovery_(uint8_t att_status) {
+  if (this->arena_ == nullptr) {
+    // release_services() is publicly callable; a table freed mid-discovery
+    // must end the discovery instead of dereferencing a null arena.
+    this->finish_discovery_(GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (att_status != 0) {
+    this->finish_discovery_(att_status);
+    return;
+  }
+  switch (this->discovery_phase_) {
+    case DiscoveryPhase::SERVICES:
+      if (this->service_count_ == 0) {
+        this->finish_discovery_(0);
+        return;
+      }
+      this->discovery_phase_ = DiscoveryPhase::CHARACTERISTICS;
+      this->disc_service_cursor_ = 0;
+      if (int err = this->issue_characteristic_query_(0); err != 0) {
+        this->finish_discovery_(err);
+      }
+      break;
+    case DiscoveryPhase::CHARACTERISTICS: {
+      auto &service = this->arena_->services[this->disc_service_cursor_];
+      service.characteristic_count = this->char_count_ - service.first_characteristic;
+      this->disc_service_cursor_++;
+      if (this->disc_service_cursor_ < this->service_count_) {
+        if (int err = this->issue_characteristic_query_(this->disc_service_cursor_); err != 0) {
+          this->finish_discovery_(err);
+        }
+        return;
+      }
+      if (this->char_count_ == 0) {
+        this->finish_discovery_(0);
+        return;
+      }
+      this->discovery_phase_ = DiscoveryPhase::DESCRIPTORS;
+      this->disc_char_cursor_ = 0;
+      if (int err = this->issue_descriptor_query_(0); err != 0) {
+        this->finish_discovery_(err);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case DiscoveryPhase::DESCRIPTORS: {
+      auto &chr = this->arena_->characteristics[this->disc_char_cursor_];
+      chr.descriptor_count = this->desc_count_ - chr.first_descriptor;
+      this->disc_char_cursor_++;
+      if (this->disc_char_cursor_ < this->char_count_) {
+        if (int err = this->issue_descriptor_query_(this->disc_char_cursor_); err != 0) {
+          this->finish_discovery_(err);
+        }
+        return;
+      }
+      this->finish_discovery_(0);
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+void RP2GattClient::finish_discovery_(int error) {
+  this->discovery_phase_ = DiscoveryPhase::NONE;
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%u] Discovery done (err=%d): %u services, %u characteristics, %u descriptors", this->engine_index_,
+           error, this->service_count_, this->char_count_, this->desc_count_);
+  if (error == 0 && this->truncated_) {
+    // A partial table must not stream: V3 clients cache the database
+    // permanently, so an incomplete one would be wrong forever.
+    error = ATT_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES;
+  }
+  if (error == 0) {
+    // Discovery no longer needs the fast interval; settle into the shared
+    // steady-state parameters (same lifecycle place as esp32). Status
+    // discarded: BTstack fails this only for an already-gone handle.
+    BluetoothLock lock;
+    gap_update_connection_parameters(this->con_handle_, MEDIUM_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL, MEDIUM_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL, 0,
+                                     MEDIUM_CONN_TIMEOUT);
+  }
+  if (this->truncated_) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Service table truncated (device exceeds %u services / %u characteristics / %u descriptors)",
+             RP2_GATT_MAX_SERVICES, RP2_GATT_MAX_CHARACTERISTICS, RP2_GATT_MAX_DESCRIPTORS);
+  }
+  if (error != 0) {
+    this->release_services();
+  }
+  this->listener_->on_service_discovery_done(error);
+}
+
+ble_device_base::GattServiceTable RP2GattClient::get_service_table() {
+  ble_device_base::GattServiceTable table;
+  if (this->arena_ != nullptr) {
+    table.services = this->arena_->services;
+    table.characteristics = this->arena_->characteristics;
+    table.descriptors = this->arena_->descriptors;
+    table.service_count = this->service_count_;
+    table.characteristic_count = this->char_count_;
+    table.descriptor_count = this->desc_count_;
+  }
+  return table;
+}
+
+void RP2GattClient::release_services() {
+  if (this->arena_ != nullptr) {
+    // Under BluetoothLock so a discovery result landing in the BTstack
+    // context cannot write into the arena mid-free.
+    BluetoothLock lock;
+    RAMAllocator<ServiceArena> allocator(RAMAllocator<ServiceArena>::ALLOC_INTERNAL);
+    this->arena_->~ServiceArena();
+    allocator.deallocate(this->arena_, 1);
+    this->arena_ = nullptr;
+  }
+  this->service_count_ = 0;
+  this->char_count_ = 0;
+  this->desc_count_ = 0;
+  this->truncated_ = false;
+}
+
+// ---- Connection control ----
+
+int RP2GattClient::connect(uint64_t address, uint8_t addr_type) {
+  if (this->is_failed()) {
+    // setup() failed: nothing is registered for event routing and loop()
+    // never runs, so a connect could not complete or time out.
+    return GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  }
+  if (this->state_ != EngineState::IDLE) {
+    return GATT_CLIENT_IN_WRONG_STATE;
+  }
+  if (!this->parent_->is_active()) {
+    return GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  }
+  ble_device_base::uint64_to_mac_msb_first(address, this->peer_addr_);
+  // BLE_ADDR_TYPE_* code space: bit 0 distinguishes public from random
+  // (resolved RPA types 2/3 connect with the underlying kind).
+  this->peer_addr_type_ = (addr_type & 1) != 0 ? BD_ADDR_TYPE_LE_RANDOM : BD_ADDR_TYPE_LE_PUBLIC;
+
+  // Stop the shared radio's scan for the duration of the connect attempt
+  // (esp32 parity: initiating and scanning contend for the radio).
+  this->holds_scan_inhibit_ = true;
+  this->parent_->inhibit_scan();
+  this->connect_cancel_attempted_ = false;
+  this->cancel_requested_ = false;
+  // Bounds the queued wait; restarted when gap_connect is accepted so the
+  // radio attempt gets its full budget (HA's own ~20 s timeout arbitrates the
+  // sum via a disconnect request).
+  this->connect_started_ = millis();
+  if (int err = this->try_gap_connect_(); err != 0) {
+    this->release_scan_inhibit_();
+    return err;
+  }
+  this->enable_loop();
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// One outgoing LE create-connection exists stack-wide: issue it if no other
+// engine owns it, otherwise park in CONNECT_PENDING for loop() to retry.
+// Returns nonzero only for hard failures (state untouched; caller cleans up).
+int RP2GattClient::try_gap_connect_() {
+  // Unlocked peek: single core, aligned pointer; a stale value costs one loop
+  // pass and the locked re-check below is authoritative. Keeps the per-loop
+  // pending retry from taking BluetoothLock just to find the radio busy.
+  if (connect_owner != nullptr) {
+    this->state_ = EngineState::CONNECT_PENDING;
+    return 0;
+  }
+  uint8_t status;
+  {
+    BluetoothLock lock;
+    if (connect_owner != nullptr) {
+      status = ERROR_CODE_COMMAND_DISALLOWED;
+    } else {
+      // esp32 parity: cached connections come up at MEDIUM already (nothing
+      // consumes the fast interval without a discovery phase), so there is no
+      // post-connect update procedure to race or silently lose; sustained
+      // FAST intervals also starve WiFi on the shared CYW43 radio.
+      // Without-cache runs FAST for discovery and steps down in
+      // finish_discovery_.
+      bool cached = this->connection_type_ == ble_device_base::ConnectionType::V3_WITH_CACHE;
+      gap_set_connection_parameters(CONN_SCAN_INTERVAL, CONN_SCAN_WINDOW,
+                                    cached ? MEDIUM_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL : FAST_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL,
+                                    cached ? MEDIUM_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL : FAST_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL, 0,
+                                    cached ? MEDIUM_CONN_TIMEOUT : FAST_CONN_TIMEOUT, CONN_CE_MIN, CONN_CE_MAX);
+      status = gap_connect(this->peer_addr_, this->peer_addr_type_);
+      if (status == 0) {
+        connect_owner = this;
+        // Still under the lock: a synthesized failure completion can fire in
+        // the BTstack context the instant it releases, and completion routing
+        // requires CONNECTING — set after the fact, the event is discarded
+        // and the engine burns its whole budget waiting for it.
+        this->state_ = EngineState::CONNECTING;
+        this->connect_started_ = millis();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (status == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  if (status == ERROR_CODE_COMMAND_DISALLOWED) {
+    // Radio busy with another engine's connect; resolved from loop().
+    this->state_ = EngineState::CONNECT_PENDING;
+    return 0;
+  }
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%u] gap_connect failed, status=0x%02x", this->engine_index_, status);
+  return status;
+}
+
+int RP2GattClient::gatt_disconnect() {
+  switch (this->state_) {
+    case EngineState::IDLE:
+      return GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+    case EngineState::DISCONNECTING:
+      return 0;  // already on its way down
+    case EngineState::CONNECT_PENDING:
+      // Nothing issued stack-side; the invalid handle takes the refused
+      // path below without touching the stack.
+      break;
+    case EngineState::CONNECTING: {
+      if (this->con_handle_ == HCI_CON_HANDLE_INVALID) {
+        // The cancel can lose the race against a successful connection
+        // complete; handle_connected_ checks this flag and finishes the
+        // teardown instead of proceeding. It also counts as the one cancel
+        // attempt, so a lost completion escalates on the next timeout tick.
+        this->cancel_requested_ = true;
+        this->connect_cancel_attempted_ = true;
+        // Grace period for the cancel completion: the client's disconnect
+        // often lands right at the engine's own deadline, and without the
+        // restart the loop timeout fires first and reports before the
+        // completion can finish the teardown cleanly.
+        this->connect_started_ = millis();
+        BluetoothLock lock;
+        // Owner: the cancel completes as a failed connection-complete. Not
+        // the owner (completion already resolved in the BTstack context): the
+        // queued event drives the same teardown, nothing to cancel.
+        if (connect_owner == this) {
+          gap_connect_cancel();
+        }
+        return 0;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+  uint8_t status = ERROR_CODE_UNKNOWN_CONNECTION_IDENTIFIER;
+  if (this->con_handle_ != HCI_CON_HANDLE_INVALID) {
+    {
+      BluetoothLock lock;
+      status = gap_disconnect(this->con_handle_);
+    }
+    if (status != 0) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%u] gap_disconnect failed, status=0x%02x", this->engine_index_, status);
+    }
+  }
+  if (status != 0) {
+    // Refused (handle already gone) or never issued (CONNECT_PENDING):
+    // complete via the event queue so the listener cannot re-enter
+    // disconnect mid-call. BluetoothLock stops the IRQ producer, so this
+    // main-loop push is SPSC-safe.
+    BluetoothLock lock;
+    this->enqueue_event_irq_(RP2GattEvent::DISCONNECTED, HCI_REASON_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT, 0);
+  }
+  this->state_ = EngineState::DISCONNECTING;
+  this->disconnecting_started_ = millis();
+  // No more initiating: give the radio back to the scanner during teardown.
+  this->release_scan_inhibit_();
+  this->enable_loop();
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// ---- GATT operations (single outstanding op) ----
+
+int RP2GattClient::read_characteristic(uint16_t handle) {
+  if (this->state_ != EngineState::READY) {
+    return GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  }
+  if (this->op_in_flight_()) {
+    return GATT_CLIENT_IN_WRONG_STATE;
+  }
+  this->op_type_ = OpType::READ_CHAR;
+  this->op_handle_ = handle;
+  this->op_len_ = 0;
+  BluetoothLock lock;
+  // Long variant: plain read first, blob continuations only past MTU - 1.
+  uint8_t status = gatt_client_read_long_value_of_characteristic_using_value_handle(&RP2GattClient::gatt_packet_handler,
+                                                                                    this->con_handle_, handle);
+  if (status != 0) {
+    this->op_type_ = OpType::NONE;
+    return status;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int RP2GattClient::write_characteristic(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len, bool response) {
+  if (this->state_ != EngineState::READY) {
+    return GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  }
+  if (len > RP2_GATT_MAX_ATTR_LEN) {
+    return ATT_ERROR_INVALID_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_LENGTH;
+  }
+  if (!response) {
+    // Synchronous in BTstack: the data is copied into the L2CAP buffer before
+    // the call returns, and no completion event exists — synthesize one so
+    // the wire behavior matches esp32 (which reports write-no-response too).
+    uint8_t status;
+    {
+      BluetoothLock lock;
+      if (this->op_type_ == OpType::WRITE_CHAR_NO_RSP) {
+        // A deferred write is parked; sending now would overtake it.
+        return GATT_CLIENT_BUSY;
+      }
+      status = gatt_client_write_value_of_characteristic_without_response(this->con_handle_, handle, len,
+                                                                          const_cast<uint8_t *>(data));
+      // BTSTACK_ACL_BUFFERS_FULL is the same transient flow control one layer
+      // down (L2CAP), so it defers identically.
+      if (status == GATT_CLIENT_BUSY || status == BTSTACK_ACL_BUFFERS_FULL) {
+        if (this->op_in_flight_()) {
+          // The op buffer is owned; bounce the busy to the caller as before.
+          return status;
+        }
+        // Stash the payload and send from the can-send callback.
+        memcpy(this->op_buffer_, data, len);
+        this->op_type_ = OpType::WRITE_CHAR_NO_RSP;
+        this->op_handle_ = handle;
+        this->op_len_ = len;
+        this->write_no_rsp_started_ = millis();
+        this->can_write_registration_.callback = &RP2GattClient::can_write_no_rsp_trampoline;
+        this->can_write_registration_.context = this;
+        uint8_t req = gatt_client_request_to_write_without_response(&this->can_write_registration_, this->con_handle_);
+        if (req != 0 && req != ERROR_CODE_COMMAND_DISALLOWED) {
+          this->op_type_ = OpType::NONE;
+          return req;
+        }
+        // COMMAND_DISALLOWED = still armed from a timed-out deferral; that
+        // registration sends the newly parked payload. Keep the loop running
+        // so the deadline below can fire on a stalled link.
+        this->enable_loop();
+        return 0;
+      }
+    }
+    if (status == 0) {
+      this->listener_->on_write_result(handle, 0);
+    }
+    return status;
+  }
+  if (this->op_in_flight_()) {
+    return GATT_CLIENT_IN_WRONG_STATE;
+  }
+  // BTstack keeps the caller's pointer until the request is sent; the payload
+  // must live in engine-owned storage across the async operation.
+  memcpy(this->op_buffer_, data, len);
+  this->op_type_ = OpType::WRITE_CHAR;
+  this->op_handle_ = handle;
+  BluetoothLock lock;
+  uint8_t status;
+  if (len <= this->mtu_ - 3) {
+    status = gatt_client_write_value_of_characteristic(&RP2GattClient::gatt_packet_handler, this->con_handle_, handle,
+                                                       len, this->op_buffer_);
+  } else {
+    status = gatt_client_write_long_value_of_characteristic(&RP2GattClient::gatt_packet_handler, this->con_handle_,
+                                                            handle, len, this->op_buffer_);
+  }
+  if (status != 0) {
+    this->op_type_ = OpType::NONE;
+    return status;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int RP2GattClient::read_descriptor(uint16_t handle) {
+  if (this->state_ != EngineState::READY) {
+    return GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  }
+  if (this->op_in_flight_()) {
+    return GATT_CLIENT_IN_WRONG_STATE;
+  }
+  this->op_type_ = OpType::READ_DESC;
+  this->op_handle_ = handle;
+  this->op_len_ = 0;
+  BluetoothLock lock;
+  uint8_t status = gatt_client_read_long_characteristic_descriptor_using_descriptor_handle(
+      &RP2GattClient::gatt_packet_handler, this->con_handle_, handle);
+  if (status != 0) {
+    this->op_type_ = OpType::NONE;
+    return status;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int RP2GattClient::write_descriptor(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+  if (this->state_ != EngineState::READY) {
+    return GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  }
+  if (this->op_in_flight_()) {
+    return GATT_CLIENT_IN_WRONG_STATE;
+  }
+  if (len > RP2_GATT_MAX_ATTR_LEN) {
+    return ATT_ERROR_INVALID_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_LENGTH;
+  }
+  memcpy(this->op_buffer_, data, len);
+  this->op_type_ = OpType::WRITE_DESC;
+  this->op_handle_ = handle;
+  BluetoothLock lock;
+  uint8_t status = gatt_client_write_characteristic_descriptor_using_descriptor_handle(
+      &RP2GattClient::gatt_packet_handler, this->con_handle_, handle, len, this->op_buffer_);
+  if (status != 0) {
+    this->op_type_ = OpType::NONE;
+    return status;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int RP2GattClient::pair() {
+  if (this->state_ != EngineState::READY) {
+    return GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  }
+  BluetoothLock lock;
+  sm_request_pairing(this->con_handle_);  // void API; completion via SM events
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int RP2GattClient::notify_characteristic(uint16_t handle, bool enable) {
+  if (this->state_ != EngineState::READY) {
+    return GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  }
+  // The CCCD write arrives separately as a descriptor write (V3 semantics);
+  // this call only gates local delivery via the subscription list.
+  if (enable) {
+    if (!this->notify_subscribed_(handle)) {
+      if (this->notify_subscription_count_ >= RP2_GATT_MAX_NOTIFY_SUBSCRIPTIONS) {
+        return GATT_ERR_NO_MEMORY;
+      }
+      this->notify_subscriptions_[this->notify_subscription_count_++] = handle;
+    }
+  } else {
+    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < this->notify_subscription_count_; i++) {
+      if (this->notify_subscriptions_[i] == handle) {
+        this->notify_subscriptions_[i] = this->notify_subscriptions_[--this->notify_subscription_count_];
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  this->listener_->on_notify_state(handle, enable, 0);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+bool RP2GattClient::notify_subscribed_(uint16_t handle) const {
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < this->notify_subscription_count_; i++) {
+    if (this->notify_subscriptions_[i] == handle) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+int RP2GattClient::update_connection_params(uint16_t min_interval, uint16_t max_interval, uint16_t latency,
+                                            uint16_t timeout) {
+  if (this->state_ != EngineState::READY) {
+    return GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  }
+  BluetoothLock lock;
+  return gap_update_connection_parameters(this->con_handle_, min_interval, max_interval, latency, timeout);
+}
+
+conn_err_t unpair_device(uint64_t address) {
+  uint8_t mac[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];
+  ble_device_base::uint64_to_mac_msb_first(address, mac);
+  bool found = false;
+  BluetoothLock lock;
+  // Exhaustive: the db keys on (type, address), so stale entries can share
+  // the same address bytes under different types.
+  for (int i = 0; i < le_device_db_max_count(); i++) {
+    int addr_type = 0;
+    bd_addr_t addr;
+    le_device_db_info(i, &addr_type, addr, nullptr);
+    if (addr_type != BD_ADDR_TYPE_UNKNOWN && memcmp(addr, mac, sizeof(bd_addr_t)) == 0) {
+      le_device_db_remove(i);
+      found = true;
+    }
+  }
+  if (found) {
+    return CONN_OK;
+  }
+  // No bond for this address; the shared error domain has no closer code
+  // (esp32 parity: its remove-bond call also errors for an unknown address).
+  return GATT_NOT_CONNECTED;
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection
+
+#endif  // USE_RP2040_BLE && USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
diff --git a/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_rp2.h b/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_rp2.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4d407269b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_rp2.h
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+// RP2 (Pico W / Pico 2 W) GATT client backend over BTstack.
+//
+// The build's ble_device_base::BLEGattConnection backend (bound by alias in
+// bluetooth_connection_gatt_backend.h) for the hub BluetoothConnection wrapper. BTstack packet handlers run in the
+// CYW43 async-context low-priority IRQ (or on the main-loop stack during BluetoothLock release), so handlers only copy
+// into per-instance lock-free queues/storage; loop() drains them and drives the state machine. Every BTstack call
+// issued from the main loop is wrapped in BluetoothLock.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#if defined(USE_RP2040_BLE) && defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT)
+
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_gatt_client.h"
+#include "esphome/components/rp2040_ble/rp2040_ble.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/event_pool.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/lock_free_queue.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
+#include "esphome/components/ota/ota_backend.h"
+#endif
+
+#include <btstack.h>
+
+#include <array>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection {
+
+// Caps for the transient service table. Sized generously for real devices
+// (typical peripherals expose < 8 services / < 30 characteristics); a peer
+// exceeding a cap fails discovery with INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES rather than
+// streaming an incomplete database a V3 client would cache permanently.
+static constexpr uint16_t RP2_GATT_MAX_SERVICES = 16;
+static constexpr uint16_t RP2_GATT_MAX_CHARACTERISTICS = 96;
+static constexpr uint16_t RP2_GATT_MAX_DESCRIPTORS = 96;
+
+// Concurrent notify subscriptions per connection (enable fails with
+// GATT_ERR_NO_MEMORY when exceeded; real clients subscribe to a handful).
+static constexpr uint8_t RP2_GATT_MAX_NOTIFY_SUBSCRIPTIONS = 16;
+
+// ATT spec maximum attribute value length; bounds the op buffer and
+// notification payloads.
+static constexpr uint16_t RP2_GATT_MAX_ATTR_LEN = 512;
+
+// Control events from the BTstack handlers to loop().
+struct RP2GattEvent {
+  enum Type : uint8_t {
+    CONNECTED,          // status + con_handle (value)
+    DISCONNECTED,       // status = HCI reason
+    MTU_EXCHANGED,      // value = negotiated MTU
+    QUERY_COMPLETE,     // status = ATT status of the finished query
+    WRITE_NO_RSP_DONE,  // status = result of the deferred write
+    PAIRING_RESULT,     // status = SM pairing status (0 = bonded)
+  };
+  Type type;
+  uint8_t status;
+  uint16_t value;
+  void release() {}
+};
+
+// One notification/indication from the peer.
+struct RP2GattNotifyEvent {
+  uint16_t handle;
+  uint16_t len;
+  uint8_t data[RP2_GATT_MAX_ATTR_LEN];
+  void release() {}
+};
+
+static constexpr uint8_t RP2_GATT_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE = 8;
+// Depth 4: the queue is drained every main-loop iteration and each slot is a
+// full 512 B ATT payload, so depth buys burst tolerance at ~516 B per slot.
+static constexpr uint8_t RP2_GATT_NOTIFY_QUEUE_SIZE = 4;
+
+class RP2GattClient final : public Component,
+                            public Parented<rp2040_ble::RP2040BLE>
+#ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
+    ,
+                            public ota::OTAGlobalStateListener
+#endif
+{
+ public:
+  void setup() override;
+  void loop() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+  float get_setup_priority() const override;
+
+  void set_listener(ble_device_base::GattClientListener *listener) { this->listener_ = listener; }
+
+  // ---- ble_device_base::BLEGattConnection contract ----
+  int connect(uint64_t address, uint8_t addr_type);
+  int gatt_disconnect();
+  // Teardown starts inside gatt_disconnect() on this backend; nothing is
+  // ever scheduled, so there is nothing to cancel.
+  bool cancel_gatt_disconnect() { return false; }
+  int discover_services();
+  int read_characteristic(uint16_t handle);
+  int write_characteristic(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len, bool response);
+  int read_descriptor(uint16_t handle);
+  int write_descriptor(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
+  int notify_characteristic(uint16_t handle, bool enable);
+  int pair();
+  int update_connection_params(uint16_t min_interval, uint16_t max_interval, uint16_t latency, uint16_t timeout);
+  ble_device_base::GattServiceTable get_service_table();
+  // Cached connections initiate at MEDIUM parameters (esp32 parity); FAST is
+  // reserved for the discovery phase of uncached connects.
+  void set_connection_type(ble_device_base::ConnectionType ct) { this->connection_type_ = ct; }
+  void release_services();
+
+#ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
+  // Drop the connection while an OTA runs (esp32 parity): an active link
+  // competes with the transfer for the shared radio.
+  void on_ota_global_state(ota::OTAState state, float progress, uint8_t error, ota::OTAComponent *comp) override;
+#endif
+
+ protected:
+  // Link/engine state. Discovery and GATT ops have their own cursors below —
+  // the link stays READY while they run.
+  enum class EngineState : uint8_t {
+    IDLE,
+    CONNECT_PENDING,  // queued: another engine owns the stack-wide create-connection
+    CONNECTING,       // gap_connect issued, waiting for connection complete
+    MTU_EXCHANGE,     // link up, waiting for GATT_EVENT_MTU
+    READY,            // on_connection_state(true) delivered
+    DISCONNECTING,
+  };
+
+  enum class DiscoveryPhase : uint8_t { NONE, SERVICES, CHARACTERISTICS, DESCRIPTORS };
+
+  enum class OpType : uint8_t { NONE, READ_CHAR, WRITE_CHAR, WRITE_CHAR_NO_RSP, READ_DESC, WRITE_DESC };
+
+  // The whole table in one transient allocation (RAMAllocator, checked),
+  // freed after streaming.
+  struct ServiceArena {
+    ble_device_base::GattService services[RP2_GATT_MAX_SERVICES];
+    ble_device_base::GattCharacteristic characteristics[RP2_GATT_MAX_CHARACTERISTICS];
+    ble_device_base::GattDescriptor descriptors[RP2_GATT_MAX_DESCRIPTORS];
+  };
+
+  // BTstack packet handlers (IRQ context: copy-and-enqueue only).
+  static void hci_packet_handler(uint8_t type, uint16_t channel, uint8_t *packet, uint16_t size);
+  static void gatt_packet_handler(uint8_t type, uint16_t channel, uint8_t *packet, uint16_t size);
+  static void sm_packet_handler(uint8_t type, uint16_t channel, uint8_t *packet, uint16_t size);
+  static RP2GattClient *instance_for_con_handle(hci_con_handle_t con_handle);
+
+  void handle_gatt_event_irq_(uint8_t event_type, const uint8_t *packet);
+  void enqueue_event_irq_(RP2GattEvent::Type type, uint8_t status, uint16_t value);
+  void enqueue_notify_irq_(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
+  void assemble_blob_irq_(uint16_t offset, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
+
+  // Main-loop state machine.
+  void handle_event_(const RP2GattEvent &event);
+  void handle_connected_(uint8_t status, uint16_t con_handle);
+  void handle_disconnected_(uint8_t reason);
+  void handle_query_complete_(uint8_t att_status);
+  void advance_discovery_(uint8_t att_status);
+  int issue_characteristic_query_(uint16_t service_index);
+  int issue_descriptor_query_(uint16_t char_index);
+  void finish_discovery_(int error);
+  void fail_connection_(uint8_t reason);
+  int try_gap_connect_();
+  void cleanup_link_state_();
+  bool notify_subscribed_(uint16_t handle) const;
+  static void can_write_no_rsp_trampoline(void *context);
+  void finish_write_no_rsp_(uint8_t status);
+  void release_scan_inhibit_();
+  bool op_in_flight_() const {
+    return this->op_type_ != OpType::NONE || this->discovery_phase_ != DiscoveryPhase::NONE;
+  }
+
+  // Group 1: containers / large storage
+  ble_device_base::GattClientListener *listener_{nullptr};
+  ServiceArena *arena_{nullptr};
+  esphome::LockFreeQueue<RP2GattEvent, RP2_GATT_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE> event_queue_;
+  esphome::EventPool<RP2GattEvent, RP2_GATT_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE - 1> event_pool_;
+  esphome::LockFreeQueue<RP2GattNotifyEvent, RP2_GATT_NOTIFY_QUEUE_SIZE> notify_queue_;
+  esphome::EventPool<RP2GattNotifyEvent, RP2_GATT_NOTIFY_QUEUE_SIZE - 1> notify_pool_;
+
+  // Shared buffer for the single outstanding GATT op: write payloads (BTstack
+  // keeps the caller's pointer until the request is sent) and read results
+  // (written from the handler, read after QUERY_COMPLETE is drained).
+  uint8_t op_buffer_[RP2_GATT_MAX_ATTR_LEN];
+
+  // BTstack registrations
+  gatt_client_notification_t notification_registration_{};
+  btstack_context_callback_registration_t can_write_registration_{};
+
+  // Group 3: 4-byte types
+  uint32_t connect_started_{0};
+  uint32_t connect_retry_ms_{0};  // last CONNECT_PENDING gap_connect attempt
+  uint32_t disconnecting_started_{0};
+  uint32_t write_no_rsp_started_{0};
+  // Unscoped C enum, so int-sized: lives with the 4-byte members to keep the
+  // padding at the tail.
+  bd_addr_type_t peer_addr_type_{BD_ADDR_TYPE_LE_PUBLIC};
+
+  // Group 4: 2-byte types (table counters written from the handler during
+  // discovery, read from the main loop after the phase's QUERY_COMPLETE)
+  hci_con_handle_t con_handle_{HCI_CON_HANDLE_INVALID};
+  uint16_t mtu_{ble_device_base::DEFAULT_ATT_MTU};
+  uint16_t op_handle_{0};
+  uint16_t op_len_{0};
+  uint16_t service_count_{0};
+  uint16_t char_count_{0};
+  uint16_t desc_count_{0};
+  uint16_t disc_service_cursor_{0};
+  uint16_t disc_char_cursor_{0};
+
+  // Group 5: arrays / 1-byte types
+  // Subscribed notify handles; the loop() drain filters the wildcard
+  // listener's deliveries on this list (esp32 parity for enable=false).
+  std::array<uint16_t, RP2_GATT_MAX_NOTIFY_SUBSCRIPTIONS> notify_subscriptions_{};
+  uint8_t notify_subscription_count_{0};
+  uint8_t engine_index_{0};  // position in instances[]; tags log lines per slot
+  bd_addr_t peer_addr_{};    // MSB-first, as gap_connect expects
+  ble_device_base::ConnectionType connection_type_{ble_device_base::ConnectionType::V3_WITHOUT_CACHE};
+  EngineState state_{EngineState::IDLE};
+  DiscoveryPhase discovery_phase_{DiscoveryPhase::NONE};
+  OpType op_type_{OpType::NONE};
+  bool truncated_{false};
+  // One cancel attempt per connect: the second timeout escalates to failure.
+  bool connect_cancel_attempted_{false};
+  // A disconnect request raced an in-flight connect; finish teardown on link-up.
+  bool cancel_requested_{false};
+  // This engine's own hold on the shared scan inhibit, so the pairing stays
+  // one-to-one per connection even with multiple slots.
+  bool holds_scan_inhibit_{false};
+
+  // Instance registry for routing BTstack events (IRQ context) to engines.
+  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+  static RP2GattClient *instances[ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT];
+  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+  static uint8_t instance_count;
+  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+  static btstack_packet_callback_registration_t hci_event_registration;
+  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+  static btstack_packet_callback_registration_t sm_event_registration;
+  // The engine whose gap_connect is in flight: BTstack allows one outgoing LE
+  // create-connection stack-wide, and gap_connect_cancel is global, so only
+  // the owner may cancel. Written under BluetoothLock from the main loop,
+  // cleared in the BTstack context when the procedure resolves.
+  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+  static RP2GattClient *connect_owner;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection
+
+#endif  // USE_RP2040_BLE && USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
diff --git a/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/__init__.py
index bb05f1b21f..1b761849a5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/__init__.py
@@ -2,19 +2,26 @@ import functools
 import logging
 
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import ble_device_base
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, bluetooth_connection
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ACTIVE, CONF_ID, PLATFORM_LN882X, PLATFORM_RP2
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ACTIVE,
+    CONF_ID,
+    PLATFORM_BK72XX,
+    PLATFORM_ESP32,
+    PLATFORM_LN882X,
+    PLATFORM_RP2,
+)
 from esphome.core import CORE
 from esphome.schema_extractors import SCHEMA_EXTRACT, schema_extractor
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-# The esp32 BLE stack (esp32_ble, esp32_ble_client, esp32_ble_tracker) is
-# imported lazily inside _esp32_config_schema()/_to_code_esp32(): importing
-# those modules registers esp32-only automations (ble.enable, ble.disable, ...)
-# as a side effect, and a module-scope import would leak them into every
-# platform's registry the moment a config declares `bluetooth_proxy:` —
-# degrading "Unable to find action" config errors into C++ compile failures.
+# The esp32 BLE stack (esp32_ble, esp32_ble_tracker) is imported lazily
+# inside _esp32_config_schema()/_to_code_esp32(): importing those modules
+# registers esp32-only automations (ble.enable, ble.disable, ...) as a side
+# effect, and a module-scope import would leak them into every platform's
+# registry the moment a config declares `bluetooth_proxy:` — degrading
+# "Unable to find action" config errors into C++ compile failures.
 
 
 def AUTO_LOAD(config: ConfigType | None = None) -> list[str]:
@@ -27,22 +34,27 @@ def AUTO_LOAD(config: ConfigType | None = None) -> list[str]:
     target platform set, so it takes one of the concrete branches.
     """
     if CORE.is_esp32:
-        return ["esp32_ble_client", "esp32_ble_tracker"]
+        return ["bluetooth_connection", "esp32_ble_tracker"]
     if CORE.target_platform in _HUB_PLATFORMS:
-        return ["ble_device_base"]
+        return ["ble_device_base", "bluetooth_connection"]
     # No target platform, or one this component does not support: tooling
     # resolving the manifest (including the host-pinned dependency resolver) —
     # expose every arm so the closure keeps the esp32 BLE stack.
-    return ["ble_device_base", "esp32_ble_client", "esp32_ble_tracker"]
+    return [
+        "ble_device_base",
+        "bluetooth_connection",
+        "esp32_ble_tracker",
+    ]
 
 
 # Platforms with an in-tree ble_device_base BLE tracker hub whose controller
-# supports active scanning. Passive-only hubs (bk72xx) are deliberately NOT
-# admitted yet: every current client (aioesphomeapi, bleak-esphome, Home
-# Assistant) assumes an ESPHome proxy can scan actively, so a passive-only
-# proxy would be misdriven — bk72xx follows once the API carries a feature
-# flag clients can trust (FEATURE_ACTIVE_SCAN + a version flag, separate PRs).
-_HUB_PLATFORMS = (PLATFORM_LN882X, PLATFORM_RP2)
+# supports active scanning — every current client (aioesphomeapi, bleak-esphome,
+# Home Assistant) assumes an ESPHome proxy can scan actively, so a passive-only
+# hub must not be admitted (it would be misdriven).
+# Coupled to bluetooth_connection: platforms with a GATT backend are also
+# listed in its _PLATFORM_BACKENDS registry, HUB_MAX_CONNECTIONS, and
+# FILTER_SOURCE_FILES hub entry.
+_HUB_PLATFORMS = (PLATFORM_BK72XX, PLATFORM_LN882X, PLATFORM_RP2)
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["api"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz", "@bdraco"]
@@ -58,16 +70,17 @@ bluetooth_proxy_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("bluetooth_proxy")
 
 BluetoothProxy = bluetooth_proxy_ns.class_("BluetoothProxy", cg.Component)
 
-# Mirrors esp32_ble.IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS as a literal so the statically walkable
-# CONFIG_SCHEMA below can state the connection_slots range without importing the
-# esp32 BLE stack. tests/component_tests/bluetooth_proxy/ pins the two together.
+# Mirrors esp32_ble.IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS (the loosest platform cap): the esp32
+# schema builder asserts the two agree, tests/component_tests/bluetooth_proxy/
+# pins them together, and the outer walkable schema uses it as the
+# connection_slots bound (per-platform schemas tighten it).
 _IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS = 9
 
 
 @functools.cache
 def _esp32_config_schema() -> cv.All:
     """Build the esp32 schema, importing the esp32 BLE stack only when used."""
-    from esphome.components import esp32_ble, esp32_ble_client, esp32_ble_tracker
+    from esphome.components import esp32_ble, esp32_ble_tracker
 
     if esp32_ble.IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS != _IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS:
         raise cv.Invalid(
@@ -77,16 +90,9 @@ def _esp32_config_schema() -> cv.All:
             f"update _IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS in bluetooth_proxy/__init__.py"
         )
 
-    BluetoothConnection = bluetooth_proxy_ns.class_(
-        "BluetoothConnection", esp32_ble_client.BLEClientBase
-    )
-    CONNECTION_SCHEMA = esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA.extend(
-        {
-            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BluetoothConnection),
-        }
-    ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    CONNECTION_SCHEMA = bluetooth_connection.hub_connection_schema(PLATFORM_ESP32)
 
-    def validate_connections(config):
+    def validate_connections(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
         if CONF_CONNECTIONS in config:
             if not config[CONF_ACTIVE]:
                 raise cv.Invalid(
@@ -142,31 +148,105 @@ def _validate_no_active(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     return config
 
 
-# Advertisement-only proxy on a neutral BLE hub: the hub's raw-advertisement
-# callback feeds the same API batching. GATT/active connections are excluded at
-# compile time — only the esp32 build compiles the connection stack; nothing
-# reads HubCapabilities::gatt at runtime for this today.
-# Keys both platform schemas must declare identically; each arm spreads this
-# dict so the shared surface cannot drift. CONF_ACTIVE deliberately stays
-# per-arm: its default differs (esp32 True, hub arms False — no GATT).
+@functools.cache
+def _rp2_config_schema() -> cv.All:
+    """Full proxy on the rp2 BLE hub: active connections through the BTstack
+    GATT client backend in bluetooth_connection. Multi-slot builds replace the
+    prebuilt library's one-client BTstack pools via linker --wrap, owned by
+    rp2040_ble and requested when a second backend registers."""
+    connection_schema = bluetooth_connection.hub_connection_schema(PLATFORM_RP2)
+
+    def populate_connections(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+        from esphome.components import rp2040_ble
+
+        # One wrapper + backend pair per slot, declared during validation so
+        # their ids exist for codegen (the esp32 arm's `connections` pattern).
+        if not config[CONF_ACTIVE]:
+            return config
+        connection_slots: int = config[CONF_CONNECTION_SLOTS]
+        rp2040_ble.consume_connection_slots(connection_slots, "bluetooth_proxy")(config)
+        return {
+            **config,
+            CONF_CONNECTIONS: [connection_schema({}) for _ in range(connection_slots)],
+        }
+
+    max_conn = bluetooth_connection.HUB_MAX_CONNECTIONS[PLATFORM_RP2]
+    schema = (
+        cv.Schema(
+            {
+                **_COMMON_SCHEMA_KEYS,
+                cv.Optional(CONF_ACTIVE, default=True): cv.boolean,
+                cv.Optional(
+                    CONF_CONNECTION_SLOTS,
+                    default=min(DEFAULT_CONNECTION_SLOTS, max_conn),
+                ): cv.All(
+                    cv.positive_int,
+                    cv.Range(
+                        min=1,
+                        max=max_conn,
+                        msg=f"rp2 supports at most {max_conn} connection slot(s); "
+                        "the BTstack pool overrides in rp2040_ble are sized "
+                        f"for {max_conn}",
+                    ),
+                ),
+            }
+        )
+        .extend(
+            # ble_hub_id with the friendly no-tracker-configured guard.
+            ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA
+        )
+        .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    )
+    return cv.All(schema, populate_connections)
+
+
+async def _connections_to_code(var: cg.MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    """One wrapper + backend pair per slot; the platform-specific backend
+    registration lives in bluetooth_connection.new_gatt_backend()."""
+    connections = config.get(CONF_CONNECTIONS, [])
+    # The api component sizes BluetoothConnectionsFreeResponse.allocated with
+    # this define whenever a proxy is present (zero on advertisement-only
+    # hubs); sized here so it can never diverge from the loop below.
+    cg.add_define("BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS", len(connections))
+    if connections:
+        # Gates the connection and GATT half of the API surface. A proxy
+        # without slots omits FEATURE_ACTIVE_CONNECTIONS, so a client never
+        # sends those requests and their handlers and encoders are dead.
+        cg.add_define("USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS")
+    for connection_conf in connections:
+        backend = await bluetooth_connection.new_gatt_backend(connection_conf)
+        connection = cg.new_Pvariable(connection_conf[CONF_ID])
+        cg.add(connection.set_backend(backend))
+        cg.add(var.register_connection(connection))
+
+
+# Per-platform schema builders; every key of
+# bluetooth_connection.HUB_MAX_CONNECTIONS needs an entry here (pinned by
+# tests/component_tests/bluetooth_proxy/). Connection codegen is shared.
+_GATT_HUB_SCHEMAS = {PLATFORM_RP2: _rp2_config_schema}
+
+
+# Keys every platform arm declares identically; each arm spreads this dict so
+# the shared surface cannot drift. CONF_ACTIVE stays per-arm: its default
+# differs (esp32 True, rp2 True, advertisement-only False).
 _COMMON_SCHEMA_KEYS = {
     cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BluetoothProxy),
 }
 
+# Advertisement-only proxy on a neutral BLE hub: the hub's raw-advertisement
+# callback feeds the same API batching, no connection stack compiled.
 _BLE_HUB_CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     cv.Schema(
         {
             **_COMMON_SCHEMA_KEYS,
-            # Declared directly (BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA-style): appending a validator
-            # after a strict schema rejects an explicit `ble_hub_id` before it
-            # runs, and that key is the documented way to disambiguate once a
-            # platform has two trackers.
-            cv.GenerateID(ble_device_base.CONF_BLE_HUB_ID): cv.use_id(
-                ble_device_base.BLEHub
-            ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_ACTIVE, default=False): cv.boolean,
         }
-    ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
+    )
+    .extend(
+        # ble_hub_id with the friendly no-tracker-configured guard.
+        ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA
+    )
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
     _validate_no_active,
 )
 
@@ -175,9 +255,10 @@ _BLE_HUB_CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 def _validate_platform(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     """Apply the schema for the platform actually being compiled.
 
-    esp32 keeps the full GATT proxy; every other platform gets the
-    advertisement-only shape, which rejects the connection-oriented options
-    above because its schema does not define them.
+    Three-way dispatch: esp32 gets the full GATT proxy, HUB_MAX_CONNECTIONS
+    platforms get their _GATT_HUB_SCHEMAS arm, the remaining hub platforms get
+    the advertisement-only shape; unsupported keys were already rejected by
+    name in _reject_unsupported_connection_keys.
     """
     if config is SCHEMA_EXTRACT:
         # The language-schema dumper runs without a platform. Expose the esp32
@@ -190,21 +271,28 @@ def _validate_platform(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
         # Fail here with the actual reason. Without this gate the error surfaces
         # later as an unresolvable hub ID ("Are you missing a hub declaration?")
         # on platforms where no hub component can be declared.
+        full = ", ".join(["esp32", *sorted(bluetooth_connection.HUB_MAX_CONNECTIONS)])
+        adv_only = ", ".join(
+            sorted(set(_HUB_PLATFORMS) - set(bluetooth_connection.HUB_MAX_CONNECTIONS))
+        )
         raise cv.Invalid(
             f"bluetooth_proxy is not supported on {CORE.target_platform}: no "
             "active-scan-capable BLE tracker hub is available for this "
-            "platform. It runs on esp32 (full proxy), and the ln882x and rp2 "
-            "families (advertisement-only)."
+            f"platform. It runs on {full} (full proxy) and {adv_only} "
+            "(advertisement-only)."
         )
+    if CORE.target_platform in bluetooth_connection.HUB_MAX_CONNECTIONS:
+        return _GATT_HUB_SCHEMAS[CORE.target_platform]()(config)
     return _BLE_HUB_CONFIG_SCHEMA(config)
 
 
-def _reject_connection_keys_off_esp32(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
-    """Reject connection-oriented options by name on hub-only platforms.
+def _reject_unsupported_connection_keys(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """Reject connection options a platform does not support, by name.
 
-    Runs before the walkable schema below so the user gets "this option does
-    not exist here" instead of the option's esp32 value range (which would
-    imply a smaller number is accepted).
+    GATT hub platforms keep connection_slots but reject the esp32-only keys;
+    advertisement-only hubs reject all three. Runs before the walkable schema
+    below so the user gets "this option does not exist here" instead of a
+    value-range error implying the option works.
     """
     if not isinstance(config, dict) or CORE.is_esp32 or CORE.target_platform is None:
         return config
@@ -213,14 +301,28 @@ def _reject_connection_keys_off_esp32(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
         # reports "not supported on {platform}" instead of a key-level message
         # implying an advertisement-only proxy is available.
         return config
-    for key in (CONF_CONNECTION_SLOTS, CONF_CACHE_SERVICES, CONF_CONNECTIONS):
+    if CORE.target_platform in bluetooth_connection.HUB_MAX_CONNECTIONS:
+        # Full proxy: connection_slots is real here; the per-connection list
+        # exists internally but carries no user options, and the Bluedroid
+        # NVS service cache is esp32-only.
+        rejected = {
+            CONF_CONNECTIONS: (
+                "has no per-connection options on this platform; use "
+                "'connection_slots' to set the count"
+            ),
+            CONF_CACHE_SERVICES: "is esp32-only (Bluedroid NVS service cache)",
+        }
+    else:
+        reason = (
+            "requires active connection support; this platform runs the "
+            "advertisement-only proxy and has no such option"
+        )
+        rejected = dict.fromkeys(
+            (CONF_CONNECTION_SLOTS, CONF_CACHE_SERVICES, CONF_CONNECTIONS), reason
+        )
+    for key, reason in rejected.items():
         if key in config:
-            raise cv.Invalid(
-                f"'{key}' requires active connection support, which needs the "
-                "esp32 GATT stack; this platform runs the advertisement-only "
-                "proxy and has no such option",
-                path=[key],
-            )
+            raise cv.Invalid(f"'{key}' {reason}", path=[key])
     return config
 
 
@@ -238,11 +340,14 @@ def _reject_connection_keys_off_esp32(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
 # rejects it as empty. extra=ALLOW_EXTRA passes `connections` through untouched
 # for _ESP32_CONFIG_SCHEMA to validate exactly once.
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
-    _reject_connection_keys_off_esp32,
+    _reject_unsupported_connection_keys,
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.Optional(CONF_ACTIVE): cv.boolean,
             cv.Optional(CONF_CACHE_SERVICES): cv.boolean,
+            # Bounded by the loosest platform cap so range walkers (the
+            # device-builder field-range sync) see a real Range; the
+            # per-platform schemas tighten it (1 on rp2) with their own error.
             cv.Optional(CONF_CONNECTION_SLOTS): cv.All(
                 cv.positive_int,
                 cv.Range(min=1, max=_IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS),
@@ -266,18 +371,14 @@ async def _to_code_esp32(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_active(config[CONF_ACTIVE]))
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_raw_ble_device(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_scanner_state_listener(var, config)
+    tracker = await cg.get_variable(config[esp32_ble_tracker.CONF_ESP32_BLE_ID])
+    cg.add(var.set_ble_hub(tracker))
 
-    # Define max connections for protobuf fixed array
-    connection_count = len(config.get(CONF_CONNECTIONS, []))
-    cg.add_define("BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS", connection_count)
+    # Compiles the scanner-state push slot into the tracker and the matching
+    # registration into the proxy; the other hubs are polled instead.
+    cg.add_define("USE_BLE_SCANNER_STATE_CALLBACK")
 
-    for connection_conf in config.get(CONF_CONNECTIONS, []):
-        connection_var = cg.new_Pvariable(connection_conf[CONF_ID])
-        await cg.register_component(connection_var, connection_conf)
-        cg.add(var.register_connection(connection_var))
-        await esp32_ble_tracker.register_raw_client(connection_var, connection_conf)
+    await _connections_to_code(var, config)
 
     if config.get(CONF_CACHE_SERVICES):
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_BT_GATTC_CACHE_NVS_FLASH", True)
@@ -291,9 +392,7 @@ async def _to_code_ble_hub(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[ble_device_base.CONF_BLE_HUB_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_ble_hub(hub))
 
-    # The api component sizes BluetoothConnectionsFreeResponse.allocated with
-    # this define whenever a proxy is present; no connections off-esp32.
-    cg.add_define("BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS", 0)
+    await _connections_to_code(var, config)
 
 
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
diff --git a/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_connection.cpp b/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_connection.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 9820977a13..0000000000
--- a/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_connection.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,597 +0,0 @@
-#include "bluetooth_connection.h"
-
-#include "esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h"
-#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
-#include "esphome/core/log.h"
-
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
-#include "bluetooth_proxy.h"
-
-namespace esphome::bluetooth_proxy {
-
-static const char *const TAG = "bluetooth_proxy.connection";
-
-// This function is allocation-free and directly packs UUIDs into the output array
-// using precalculated constants for the Bluetooth base UUID
-static void fill_128bit_uuid_array(std::array<uint64_t, 2> &out, esp_bt_uuid_t uuid_source) {
-  // Bluetooth base UUID: 00000000-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB
-  // out[0] = bytes 8-15 (big-endian)
-  // - For 128-bit UUIDs: use bytes 8-15 as-is
-  // - For 16/32-bit UUIDs: insert into bytes 12-15, use 0x00001000 for bytes 8-11
-  out[0] = uuid_source.len == ESP_UUID_LEN_128
-               ? (((uint64_t) uuid_source.uuid.uuid128[15] << 56) | ((uint64_t) uuid_source.uuid.uuid128[14] << 48) |
-                  ((uint64_t) uuid_source.uuid.uuid128[13] << 40) | ((uint64_t) uuid_source.uuid.uuid128[12] << 32) |
-                  ((uint64_t) uuid_source.uuid.uuid128[11] << 24) | ((uint64_t) uuid_source.uuid.uuid128[10] << 16) |
-                  ((uint64_t) uuid_source.uuid.uuid128[9] << 8) | ((uint64_t) uuid_source.uuid.uuid128[8]))
-               : (((uint64_t) (uuid_source.len == ESP_UUID_LEN_16 ? uuid_source.uuid.uuid16 : uuid_source.uuid.uuid32)
-                   << 32) |
-                  0x00001000ULL);  // Base UUID bytes 8-11
-  // out[1] = bytes 0-7 (big-endian)
-  // - For 128-bit UUIDs: use bytes 0-7 as-is
-  // - For 16/32-bit UUIDs: use precalculated base UUID constant
-  out[1] = uuid_source.len == ESP_UUID_LEN_128
-               ? ((uint64_t) uuid_source.uuid.uuid128[7] << 56) | ((uint64_t) uuid_source.uuid.uuid128[6] << 48) |
-                     ((uint64_t) uuid_source.uuid.uuid128[5] << 40) | ((uint64_t) uuid_source.uuid.uuid128[4] << 32) |
-                     ((uint64_t) uuid_source.uuid.uuid128[3] << 24) | ((uint64_t) uuid_source.uuid.uuid128[2] << 16) |
-                     ((uint64_t) uuid_source.uuid.uuid128[1] << 8) | ((uint64_t) uuid_source.uuid.uuid128[0])
-               : 0x800000805F9B34FBULL;  // Base UUID bytes 0-7: 80-00-00-80-5F-9B-34-FB
-}
-
-// Helper to fill UUID in the appropriate format based on client support and UUID type
-static void fill_gatt_uuid(std::array<uint64_t, 2> &uuid_128, uint32_t &short_uuid, const esp_bt_uuid_t &uuid,
-                           bool use_efficient_uuids) {
-  if (!use_efficient_uuids || uuid.len == ESP_UUID_LEN_128) {
-    // Use 128-bit format for old clients or when UUID is already 128-bit
-    fill_128bit_uuid_array(uuid_128, uuid);
-  } else if (uuid.len == ESP_UUID_LEN_16) {
-    short_uuid = uuid.uuid.uuid16;
-  } else if (uuid.len == ESP_UUID_LEN_32) {
-    short_uuid = uuid.uuid.uuid32;
-  }
-}
-
-// Constants for size estimation
-static constexpr uint8_t SERVICE_OVERHEAD_LEGACY = 25;     // UUID(20) + handle(4) + overhead(1)
-static constexpr uint8_t SERVICE_OVERHEAD_EFFICIENT = 10;  // UUID(6) + handle(4)
-static constexpr uint8_t CHAR_SIZE_128BIT = 35;            // UUID(20) + handle(4) + props(4) + overhead(7)
-static constexpr uint8_t DESC_SIZE_128BIT = 25;            // UUID(20) + handle(4) + overhead(1)
-static constexpr uint8_t DESC_SIZE_16BIT = 10;             // UUID(6) + handle(4)
-static constexpr uint8_t DESC_PER_CHAR = 1;                // Assume 1 descriptor per characteristic
-
-// Helper to estimate service size before fetching all data
-/**
- * Estimate the size of a Bluetooth service based on the number of characteristics and UUID format.
- *
- * @param char_count The number of characteristics in the service.
- * @param use_efficient_uuids Whether to use efficient UUIDs (16-bit or 32-bit) for newer APIVersions.
- * @return The estimated size of the service in bytes.
- *
- * This function calculates the size of a Bluetooth service by considering:
- * - A service overhead, which depends on whether efficient UUIDs are used.
- * - The size of each characteristic, assuming 128-bit UUIDs for safety.
- * - The size of descriptors, assuming one 128-bit descriptor per characteristic.
- */
-static size_t estimate_service_size(uint16_t char_count, bool use_efficient_uuids) {
-  size_t service_overhead = use_efficient_uuids ? SERVICE_OVERHEAD_EFFICIENT : SERVICE_OVERHEAD_LEGACY;
-  // Always assume 128-bit UUIDs for characteristics to be safe
-  size_t char_size = CHAR_SIZE_128BIT;
-  // Assume one 128-bit descriptor per characteristic
-  size_t desc_size = DESC_SIZE_128BIT * DESC_PER_CHAR;
-
-  return service_overhead + (char_size + desc_size) * char_count;
-}
-
-bool BluetoothConnection::supports_efficient_uuids_() const {
-  auto *api_conn = this->proxy_->get_api_connection();
-  return api_conn && api_conn->client_supports_api_version(1, 12);
-}
-
-void BluetoothConnection::dump_config() {
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "BLE Connection:");
-  BLEClientBase::dump_config();
-}
-
-void BluetoothConnection::update_allocated_slot_(uint64_t find_value, uint64_t set_value) {
-  auto &allocated = this->proxy_->connections_free_response_.allocated;
-  for (auto &slot : allocated) {
-    if (slot == find_value) {
-      slot = set_value;
-      return;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-void BluetoothConnection::set_address(uint64_t address) {
-  // If we're clearing an address (disconnecting), update the pre-allocated message
-  if (address == 0 && this->address_ != 0) {
-    this->proxy_->connections_free_response_.free++;
-    this->update_allocated_slot_(this->address_, 0);
-  }
-  // If we're setting a new address (connecting), update the pre-allocated message
-  else if (address != 0 && this->address_ == 0) {
-    this->proxy_->connections_free_response_.free--;
-    this->update_allocated_slot_(0, address);
-  }
-
-  // Call parent implementation to actually set the address
-  BLEClientBase::set_address(address);
-}
-
-void BluetoothConnection::loop() {
-  BLEClientBase::loop();
-
-  // Early return if no active connection
-  if (this->address_ == 0) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  // Handle service discovery if in valid range
-  if (this->send_service_ >= 0 && this->send_service_ <= this->service_count_) {
-    this->send_service_for_discovery_();
-  }
-
-  // Check if we should disable the loop
-  // - For V3_WITH_CACHE: Services are never sent, disable after INIT state
-  // - For V3_WITHOUT_CACHE: Disable only after service discovery is complete
-  //   (send_service_ == DONE_SENDING_SERVICES, which is only set after services are sent)
-  // Never disable while DISCONNECTING — BLEClientBase::loop() needs to keep running so the
-  // 10s safety timeout can force IDLE if CLOSE_EVT is never delivered.
-  if (this->state() != espbt::ClientState::INIT && this->state() != espbt::ClientState::DISCONNECTING &&
-      (this->connection_type_ == espbt::ConnectionType::V3_WITH_CACHE ||
-       this->send_service_ == DONE_SENDING_SERVICES)) {
-    this->disable_loop();
-  }
-}
-
-void BluetoothConnection::on_disconnect_complete(esp_err_t reason) {
-  // Called from both the CLOSE_EVT handler and the DISCONNECTING safety timeout in the
-  // base class. Free the proxy slot, notify the API client, and reset send_service_.
-  // address_ may already be 0 if reset_connection_ ran earlier on this teardown.
-  if (this->address_ == 0) {
-    return;
-  }
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Close, reason=0x%02x, freeing slot", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, reason);
-  this->reset_connection_(reason);
-}
-
-void BluetoothConnection::reset_connection_(esp_err_t reason) {
-  // Send disconnection notification
-  this->proxy_->send_device_connection(this->address_, false, 0, reason);
-
-  // Important: If we were in the middle of sending services, we do NOT send
-  // send_gatt_services_done() here. This ensures the client knows that
-  // the service discovery was interrupted and can retry. The client
-  // (aioesphomeapi) implements a 30-second timeout (DEFAULT_BLE_TIMEOUT)
-  // to detect incomplete service discovery rather than relying on us to
-  // tell them about a partial list.
-  this->set_address(0);
-  this->send_service_ = INIT_SENDING_SERVICES;
-  this->proxy_->send_connections_free();
-}
-
-void BluetoothConnection::send_service_for_discovery_() {
-  if (this->send_service_ >= this->service_count_) {
-    this->send_service_ = DONE_SENDING_SERVICES;
-    this->proxy_->send_gatt_services_done(this->address_);
-    this->release_services();
-    return;
-  }
-
-  // Early return if no API connection
-  auto *api_conn = this->proxy_->get_api_connection();
-  if (api_conn == nullptr) {
-    this->send_service_ = DONE_SENDING_SERVICES;
-    return;
-  }
-
-  // Check if client supports efficient UUIDs
-  bool use_efficient_uuids = this->supports_efficient_uuids_();
-
-  // Prepare response
-  api::BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse resp;
-  resp.address = this->address_;
-
-  // Dynamic batching based on actual size
-  // Conservative MTU limit for API messages (accounts for WPA3 overhead)
-  static constexpr size_t MAX_PACKET_SIZE = 1360;
-
-  // Keep running total of actual message size
-  size_t current_size = resp.calculate_size();
-
-  while (this->send_service_ < this->service_count_) {
-    esp_gattc_service_elem_t service_result;
-    uint16_t service_count = 1;
-    esp_gatt_status_t service_status = esp_ble_gattc_get_service(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, nullptr,
-                                                                 &service_result, &service_count, this->send_service_);
-
-    if (service_status != ESP_GATT_OK || service_count == 0) {
-      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] [%s] esp_ble_gattc_get_service %s, status=%d, service_count=%d, offset=%d",
-               this->connection_index_, this->address_str(), service_status != ESP_GATT_OK ? "error" : "missing",
-               service_status, service_count, this->send_service_);
-      this->send_service_ = DONE_SENDING_SERVICES;
-      return;
-    }
-
-    // Get the number of characteristics BEFORE adding to response
-    uint16_t total_char_count = 0;
-    esp_gatt_status_t char_count_status =
-        esp_ble_gattc_get_attr_count(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, ESP_GATT_DB_CHARACTERISTIC,
-                                     service_result.start_handle, service_result.end_handle, 0, &total_char_count);
-
-    if (char_count_status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
-      this->log_connection_error_("esp_ble_gattc_get_attr_count", char_count_status);
-      this->send_service_ = DONE_SENDING_SERVICES;
-      return;
-    }
-
-    // If this service likely won't fit, send current batch (unless it's the first)
-    size_t estimated_size = estimate_service_size(total_char_count, use_efficient_uuids);
-    if (!resp.services.empty() && (current_size + estimated_size > MAX_PACKET_SIZE)) {
-      // This service likely won't fit, send current batch
-      break;
-    }
-
-    // Now add the service since we know it will likely fit
-    resp.services.emplace_back();
-    auto &service_resp = resp.services.back();
-
-    fill_gatt_uuid(service_resp.uuid, service_resp.short_uuid, service_result.uuid, use_efficient_uuids);
-
-    service_resp.handle = service_result.start_handle;
-
-    if (total_char_count > 0) {
-      // Initialize FixedVector with exact count and process characteristics
-      service_resp.characteristics.init(total_char_count);
-      uint16_t char_offset = 0;
-      esp_gattc_char_elem_t char_result;
-      // Bound by total_char_count: the vector is sized for it, and a malicious peripheral
-      // can make enumeration return more entries than the count query reported
-      while (char_offset < total_char_count) {  // characteristics
-        uint16_t char_count = 1;
-        esp_gatt_status_t char_status =
-            esp_ble_gattc_get_all_char(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, service_result.start_handle,
-                                       service_result.end_handle, &char_result, &char_count, char_offset);
-        if (char_status == ESP_GATT_INVALID_OFFSET || char_status == ESP_GATT_NOT_FOUND) {
-          break;
-        }
-        if (char_status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
-          this->log_connection_error_("esp_ble_gattc_get_all_char", char_status);
-          this->send_service_ = DONE_SENDING_SERVICES;
-          return;
-        }
-        if (char_count == 0) {
-          break;
-        }
-
-        service_resp.characteristics.emplace_back();
-        auto &characteristic_resp = service_resp.characteristics.back();
-        fill_gatt_uuid(characteristic_resp.uuid, characteristic_resp.short_uuid, char_result.uuid, use_efficient_uuids);
-        characteristic_resp.handle = char_result.char_handle;
-        characteristic_resp.properties = char_result.properties;
-        char_offset++;
-
-        // Get the number of descriptors directly with one call
-        uint16_t total_desc_count = 0;
-        esp_gatt_status_t desc_count_status = esp_ble_gattc_get_attr_count(
-            this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, ESP_GATT_DB_DESCRIPTOR, 0, 0, char_result.char_handle, &total_desc_count);
-
-        if (desc_count_status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
-          this->log_connection_error_("esp_ble_gattc_get_attr_count", desc_count_status);
-          this->send_service_ = DONE_SENDING_SERVICES;
-          return;
-        }
-        if (total_desc_count == 0) {
-          continue;
-        }
-
-        // Initialize FixedVector with exact count and process descriptors
-        characteristic_resp.descriptors.init(total_desc_count);
-        uint16_t desc_offset = 0;
-        esp_gattc_descr_elem_t desc_result;
-        while (desc_offset < total_desc_count) {  // descriptors
-          uint16_t desc_count = 1;
-          esp_gatt_status_t desc_status = esp_ble_gattc_get_all_descr(
-              this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, char_result.char_handle, &desc_result, &desc_count, desc_offset);
-          if (desc_status == ESP_GATT_INVALID_OFFSET || desc_status == ESP_GATT_NOT_FOUND) {
-            break;
-          }
-          if (desc_status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
-            this->log_connection_error_("esp_ble_gattc_get_all_descr", desc_status);
-            this->send_service_ = DONE_SENDING_SERVICES;
-            return;
-          }
-          if (desc_count == 0) {
-            break;  // No more descriptors
-          }
-
-          characteristic_resp.descriptors.emplace_back();
-          auto &descriptor_resp = characteristic_resp.descriptors.back();
-          fill_gatt_uuid(descriptor_resp.uuid, descriptor_resp.short_uuid, desc_result.uuid, use_efficient_uuids);
-          descriptor_resp.handle = desc_result.handle;
-          desc_offset++;
-        }
-      }
-    }  // end if (total_char_count > 0)
-
-    // Calculate the actual size of just this service
-    size_t service_size = service_resp.calculate_size() + 1;  // +1 for field tag
-
-    // Check if adding this service would exceed the limit
-    if (current_size + service_size > MAX_PACKET_SIZE) {
-      // We would go over - pop the last service if we have more than one
-      if (resp.services.size() > 1) {
-        resp.services.pop_back();
-        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Service %d would exceed limit (current: %d + service: %d > %d), sending current batch",
-                 this->connection_index_, this->address_str(), this->send_service_, current_size, service_size,
-                 MAX_PACKET_SIZE);
-        // Don't increment send_service_ - we'll retry this service in next batch
-      } else {
-        // This single service is too large, but we have to send it anyway
-        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Service %d is too large (%d bytes) but sending anyway", this->connection_index_,
-                 this->address_str(), this->send_service_, service_size);
-        // Increment so we don't get stuck
-        this->send_service_++;
-      }
-      // Send what we have
-      break;
-    }
-
-    // Now we know we're keeping this service, add its size
-    current_size += service_size;
-    // Successfully added this service, increment counter
-    this->send_service_++;
-  }
-
-  // Send the message with dynamically batched services
-  api_conn->send_message(resp);
-}
-
-void BluetoothConnection::log_connection_error_(const char *operation, esp_gatt_status_t status) {
-  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s error, status=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str(), operation, status);
-}
-
-void BluetoothConnection::log_connection_warning_(const char *operation, esp_err_t err) {
-  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s failed, err=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str(), operation, err);
-}
-
-void BluetoothConnection::log_gatt_not_connected_(const char *action, const char *type) {
-  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Cannot %s GATT %s, not connected.", this->connection_index_, this->address_str(), action,
-           type);
-}
-
-void BluetoothConnection::log_gatt_operation_error_(const char *operation, uint16_t handle, esp_gatt_status_t status) {
-  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Error %s for handle 0x%2X, status=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str(),
-           operation, handle, status);
-}
-
-esp_err_t BluetoothConnection::check_and_log_error_(const char *operation, esp_err_t err) {
-  if (err != ESP_OK) {
-    this->log_connection_warning_(operation, err);
-    return err;
-  }
-  return ESP_OK;
-}
-
-bool BluetoothConnection::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gattc_if,
-                                              esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *param) {
-  if (!BLEClientBase::gattc_event_handler(event, gattc_if, param))
-    return false;
-
-  switch (event) {
-    case ESP_GATTC_DISCONNECT_EVT: {
-      // Don't reset connection yet - wait for CLOSE_EVT to ensure controller has freed resources
-      // This prevents race condition where we mark slot as free before controller cleanup is complete
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Disconnect, reason=0x%02x", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
-               param->disconnect.reason);
-      // Send disconnection notification but don't free the slot yet
-      this->proxy_->send_device_connection(this->address_, false, 0, param->disconnect.reason);
-      break;
-    }
-    case ESP_GATTC_OPEN_EVT: {
-      if (param->open.status != ESP_GATT_OK && param->open.status != ESP_GATT_ALREADY_OPEN) {
-        this->reset_connection_(param->open.status);
-      } else if (this->connection_type_ == espbt::ConnectionType::V3_WITH_CACHE) {
-        this->proxy_->send_device_connection(this->address_, true, this->mtu_);
-        this->proxy_->send_connections_free();
-      }
-      this->seen_mtu_or_services_ = false;
-      break;
-    }
-    case ESP_GATTC_CFG_MTU_EVT:
-    case ESP_GATTC_SEARCH_CMPL_EVT: {
-      if (!this->seen_mtu_or_services_) {
-        // We don't know if we will get the MTU or the services first, so
-        // only send the device connection true if we have already received
-        // the services.
-        this->seen_mtu_or_services_ = true;
-        break;
-      }
-      this->proxy_->send_device_connection(this->address_, true, this->mtu_);
-      this->proxy_->send_connections_free();
-      break;
-    }
-    case ESP_GATTC_READ_DESCR_EVT:
-    case ESP_GATTC_READ_CHAR_EVT: {
-      if (param->read.status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
-        this->log_gatt_operation_error_("reading char/descriptor", param->read.handle, param->read.status);
-        this->proxy_->send_gatt_error(this->address_, param->read.handle, param->read.status);
-        break;
-      }
-      auto *api_connection = this->proxy_->get_api_connection();
-      if (api_connection == nullptr)
-        break;
-      api::BluetoothGATTReadResponse resp;
-      resp.address = this->address_;
-      resp.handle = param->read.handle;
-      resp.set_data(param->read.value, param->read.value_len);
-      api_connection->send_message(resp);
-      break;
-    }
-    case ESP_GATTC_WRITE_CHAR_EVT:
-    case ESP_GATTC_WRITE_DESCR_EVT: {
-      if (param->write.status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
-        this->log_gatt_operation_error_("writing char/descriptor", param->write.handle, param->write.status);
-        this->proxy_->send_gatt_error(this->address_, param->write.handle, param->write.status);
-        break;
-      }
-      auto *api_connection = this->proxy_->get_api_connection();
-      if (api_connection == nullptr)
-        break;
-      api::BluetoothGATTWriteResponse resp;
-      resp.address = this->address_;
-      resp.handle = param->write.handle;
-      api_connection->send_message(resp);
-      break;
-    }
-    case ESP_GATTC_UNREG_FOR_NOTIFY_EVT: {
-      if (param->unreg_for_notify.status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
-        this->log_gatt_operation_error_("unregistering notifications", param->unreg_for_notify.handle,
-                                        param->unreg_for_notify.status);
-        this->proxy_->send_gatt_error(this->address_, param->unreg_for_notify.handle, param->unreg_for_notify.status);
-        break;
-      }
-      auto *api_connection = this->proxy_->get_api_connection();
-      if (api_connection == nullptr)
-        break;
-      api::BluetoothGATTNotifyResponse resp;
-      resp.address = this->address_;
-      resp.handle = param->unreg_for_notify.handle;
-      api_connection->send_message(resp);
-      break;
-    }
-    case ESP_GATTC_REG_FOR_NOTIFY_EVT: {
-      if (param->reg_for_notify.status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
-        this->log_gatt_operation_error_("registering notifications", param->reg_for_notify.handle,
-                                        param->reg_for_notify.status);
-        this->proxy_->send_gatt_error(this->address_, param->reg_for_notify.handle, param->reg_for_notify.status);
-        break;
-      }
-      auto *api_connection = this->proxy_->get_api_connection();
-      if (api_connection == nullptr)
-        break;
-      api::BluetoothGATTNotifyResponse resp;
-      resp.address = this->address_;
-      resp.handle = param->reg_for_notify.handle;
-      api_connection->send_message(resp);
-      break;
-    }
-    case ESP_GATTC_NOTIFY_EVT: {
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] ESP_GATTC_NOTIFY_EVT: handle=0x%2X", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
-               param->notify.handle);
-      auto *api_connection = this->proxy_->get_api_connection();
-      if (api_connection == nullptr)
-        break;
-      api::BluetoothGATTNotifyDataResponse resp;
-      resp.address = this->address_;
-      resp.handle = param->notify.handle;
-      resp.set_data(param->notify.value, param->notify.value_len);
-      api_connection->send_message(resp);
-      break;
-    }
-    default:
-      break;
-  }
-  return true;
-}
-
-void BluetoothConnection::gap_event_handler(esp_gap_ble_cb_event_t event, esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t *param) {
-  BLEClientBase::gap_event_handler(event, param);
-
-  switch (event) {
-    case ESP_GAP_BLE_AUTH_CMPL_EVT:
-      if (memcmp(param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.bd_addr, this->remote_bda_, 6) != 0)
-        break;
-      if (param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.success) {
-        this->proxy_->send_device_pairing(this->address_, true);
-      } else {
-        this->proxy_->send_device_pairing(this->address_, false, param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.fail_reason);
-      }
-      break;
-    default:
-      break;
-  }
-}
-
-esp_err_t BluetoothConnection::read_characteristic(uint16_t handle) {
-  if (!this->connected()) {
-    this->log_gatt_not_connected_("read", "characteristic");
-    return ESP_GATT_NOT_CONNECTED;
-  }
-
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Reading GATT characteristic handle %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, handle);
-
-  esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gattc_read_char(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, handle, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
-  return this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_read_char", err);
-}
-
-esp_err_t BluetoothConnection::write_characteristic(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, size_t length,
-                                                    bool response) {
-  if (!this->connected()) {
-    this->log_gatt_not_connected_("write", "characteristic");
-    return ESP_GATT_NOT_CONNECTED;
-  }
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Writing GATT characteristic handle %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, handle);
-
-  // ESP-IDF's API requires a non-const uint8_t* but it doesn't modify the data
-  // The BTC layer immediately copies the data to its own buffer (see btc_gattc.c)
-  // const_cast is safe here and was previously hidden by a C-style cast
-  esp_err_t err =
-      esp_ble_gattc_write_char(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, handle, length, const_cast<uint8_t *>(data),
-                               response ? ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_RSP : ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_NO_RSP, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
-  return this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_write_char", err);
-}
-
-esp_err_t BluetoothConnection::read_descriptor(uint16_t handle) {
-  if (!this->connected()) {
-    this->log_gatt_not_connected_("read", "descriptor");
-    return ESP_GATT_NOT_CONNECTED;
-  }
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Reading GATT descriptor handle %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, handle);
-
-  esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gattc_read_char_descr(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, handle, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
-  return this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_read_char_descr", err);
-}
-
-esp_err_t BluetoothConnection::write_descriptor(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, size_t length, bool response) {
-  if (!this->connected()) {
-    this->log_gatt_not_connected_("write", "descriptor");
-    return ESP_GATT_NOT_CONNECTED;
-  }
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Writing GATT descriptor handle %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, handle);
-
-  // ESP-IDF's API requires a non-const uint8_t* but it doesn't modify the data
-  // The BTC layer immediately copies the data to its own buffer (see btc_gattc.c)
-  // const_cast is safe here and was previously hidden by a C-style cast
-  esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gattc_write_char_descr(
-      this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, handle, length, const_cast<uint8_t *>(data),
-      response ? ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_RSP : ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_NO_RSP, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
-  return this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_write_char_descr", err);
-}
-
-esp_err_t BluetoothConnection::notify_characteristic(uint16_t handle, bool enable) {
-  if (!this->connected()) {
-    this->log_gatt_not_connected_("notify", "characteristic");
-    return ESP_GATT_NOT_CONNECTED;
-  }
-
-  if (enable) {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Registering for GATT characteristic notifications handle %d", this->connection_index_,
-             this->address_str_, handle);
-    esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gattc_register_for_notify(this->gattc_if_, this->remote_bda_, handle);
-    return this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_register_for_notify", err);
-  }
-
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Unregistering for GATT characteristic notifications handle %d", this->connection_index_,
-           this->address_str_, handle);
-  esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gattc_unregister_for_notify(this->gattc_if_, this->remote_bda_, handle);
-  return this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_unregister_for_notify", err);
-}
-
-esp32_ble_tracker::AdvertisementParserType BluetoothConnection::get_advertisement_parser_type() {
-  return this->proxy_->get_advertisement_parser_type();
-}
-
-}  // namespace esphome::bluetooth_proxy
-
-#endif  // USE_ESP32
diff --git a/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_connection.h b/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_connection.h
deleted file mode 100644
index e5600f6af4..0000000000
--- a/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_connection.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.h"
-
-namespace esphome::bluetooth_proxy {
-
-class BluetoothProxy;
-
-class BluetoothConnection final : public esp32_ble_client::BLEClientBase {
- public:
-  void dump_config() override;
-  void loop() override;
-  bool gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gattc_if,
-                           esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *param) override;
-  void gap_event_handler(esp_gap_ble_cb_event_t event, esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t *param) override;
-  esp32_ble_tracker::AdvertisementParserType get_advertisement_parser_type() override;
-
-  esp_err_t read_characteristic(uint16_t handle);
-  esp_err_t write_characteristic(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, size_t length, bool response);
-  esp_err_t read_descriptor(uint16_t handle);
-  esp_err_t write_descriptor(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, size_t length, bool response);
-
-  esp_err_t notify_characteristic(uint16_t handle, bool enable);
-
-  esp_err_t update_connection_params(uint16_t min_interval, uint16_t max_interval, uint16_t latency, uint16_t timeout) {
-    return this->update_conn_params_(min_interval, max_interval, latency, timeout, "custom");
-  }
-
-  void set_address(uint64_t address) override;
-
- protected:
-  friend class BluetoothProxy;
-
-  void on_disconnect_complete(esp_err_t reason) override;
-
-  bool supports_efficient_uuids_() const;
-  void send_service_for_discovery_();
-  void reset_connection_(esp_err_t reason);
-  void update_allocated_slot_(uint64_t find_value, uint64_t set_value);
-  void log_connection_error_(const char *operation, esp_gatt_status_t status);
-  void log_connection_warning_(const char *operation, esp_err_t err);
-  void log_gatt_not_connected_(const char *action, const char *type);
-  void log_gatt_operation_error_(const char *operation, uint16_t handle, esp_gatt_status_t status);
-  esp_err_t check_and_log_error_(const char *operation, esp_err_t err);
-
-  // Memory optimized layout for 32-bit systems
-  // Group 1: Pointers (4 bytes each, naturally aligned)
-  BluetoothProxy *proxy_;
-
-  // Group 2: 2-byte types
-  int16_t send_service_{-3};  // -3 = INIT_SENDING_SERVICES, -2 = DONE_SENDING_SERVICES, >=0 = service index
-
-  // Group 3: 1-byte types
-  bool seen_mtu_or_services_{false};
-  // 1 byte used, 1 byte padding
-};
-
-}  // namespace esphome::bluetooth_proxy
-
-#endif  // USE_ESP32
diff --git a/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.cpp b/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.cpp
index e681030611..878d3cd44e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.cpp
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/macros.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <cinttypes>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <limits>
 
@@ -24,57 +25,77 @@ static_assert(sizeof(((api::BluetoothLERawAdvertisement *) nullptr)->data) == 62
 
 BluetoothProxy::BluetoothProxy() { global_bluetooth_proxy = this; }
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
+// The neutral enum's values are the wire values.
+static_assert(static_cast<uint32_t>(ble_device_base::ScannerState::IDLE) == api::enums::BLUETOOTH_SCANNER_STATE_IDLE);
+static_assert(static_cast<uint32_t>(ble_device_base::ScannerState::STARTING) ==
+              api::enums::BLUETOOTH_SCANNER_STATE_STARTING);
+static_assert(static_cast<uint32_t>(ble_device_base::ScannerState::RUNNING) ==
+              api::enums::BLUETOOTH_SCANNER_STATE_RUNNING);
+static_assert(static_cast<uint32_t>(ble_device_base::ScannerState::FAILED) ==
+              api::enums::BLUETOOTH_SCANNER_STATE_FAILED);
+static_assert(static_cast<uint32_t>(ble_device_base::ScannerState::STOPPING) ==
+              api::enums::BLUETOOTH_SCANNER_STATE_STOPPING);
+static_assert(static_cast<uint32_t>(ble_device_base::ScannerState::STOPPED) ==
+              api::enums::BLUETOOTH_SCANNER_STATE_STOPPED);
 
-void BluetoothProxy::setup() {
-  this->connections_free_response_.limit = BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS;
-  this->connections_free_response_.free = BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS;
-
-  // Capture the configured scan mode from YAML before any API changes
-  this->configured_scan_active_ = this->parent_->get_scan_active();
-}
-
-void BluetoothProxy::on_scanner_state(esp32_ble_tracker::ScannerState state) {
-  if (this->api_connection_ != nullptr) {
-    this->send_bluetooth_scanner_state_(state);
-  }
-}
-
-void BluetoothProxy::send_bluetooth_scanner_state_(esp32_ble_tracker::ScannerState state) {
+bool BluetoothProxy::send_bluetooth_scanner_state_(ble_device_base::ScannerState state) {
+  if (this->api_connection_ == nullptr)
+    return true;  // Nobody subscribed: nothing owed
   api::BluetoothScannerStateResponse resp;
   resp.state = static_cast<api::enums::BluetoothScannerState>(state);
-  resp.mode = this->parent_->get_scan_active() ? api::enums::BluetoothScannerMode::BLUETOOTH_SCANNER_MODE_ACTIVE
-                                               : api::enums::BluetoothScannerMode::BLUETOOTH_SCANNER_MODE_PASSIVE;
+  resp.mode = this->hub_->scan_active() ? api::enums::BluetoothScannerMode::BLUETOOTH_SCANNER_MODE_ACTIVE
+                                        : api::enums::BluetoothScannerMode::BLUETOOTH_SCANNER_MODE_PASSIVE;
   resp.configured_mode = this->configured_scan_active_
                              ? api::enums::BluetoothScannerMode::BLUETOOTH_SCANNER_MODE_ACTIVE
                              : api::enums::BluetoothScannerMode::BLUETOOTH_SCANNER_MODE_PASSIVE;
-  this->api_connection_->send_message(resp);
+  return this->api_connection_->send_message(resp);
 }
 
-#else  // !USE_ESP32
+#ifdef USE_BLE_SCANNER_STATE_CALLBACK
+void BluetoothProxy::send_scanner_state_(ble_device_base::ScannerState state) {
+  // False only on a refused frame, so the latch arms only when a retry is owed.
+  this->scanner_state_pending_ = !this->send_bluetooth_scanner_state_(state);
+}
+#else
+void BluetoothProxy::send_polled_scanner_state_() {
+  // One read feeds both the frame and the change detector; the detector only
+  // advances if the frame was accepted, so a dropped send (WOULD_BLOCK on a
+  // full TX buffer) is retried from loop() instead of leaving a stale state.
+  const bool running = this->hub_->scan_running();
+  if (this->send_bluetooth_scanner_state_(running ? ble_device_base::ScannerState::RUNNING
+                                                  : ble_device_base::ScannerState::IDLE)) {
+    this->last_scan_running_ = running;
+  }
+}
+#endif  // USE_BLE_SCANNER_STATE_CALLBACK
 
 void BluetoothProxy::setup() {
-  this->connections_free_response_.limit = 0;
-  this->connections_free_response_.free = 0;
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+  this->connections_free_response_.limit = BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS;
+  this->connections_free_response_.free = BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS;
+#endif
 
   // Capture the configured scan mode from YAML before any API changes
   this->configured_scan_active_ = this->hub_->scan_active();
-  this->last_scan_running_ = this->hub_->scan_running();
 
-  // The hub delivers raw advertisements on the ESPHome main loop:
-  // mac is least-significant octet first (BLE controller convention).
   this->hub_->set_raw_advertisement_callback({this, [](void *self, const ble_device_base::RawAdvertisement &adv) {
                                                 static_cast<BluetoothProxy *>(self)->on_raw_advertisement_(adv);
                                               }});
+#ifdef USE_BLE_SCANNER_STATE_CALLBACK
+  // Only push hubs compile the slot; elsewhere loop() polls scan_running().
+  this->hub_->set_scanner_state_callback({this, [](void *self, ble_device_base::ScannerState state) {
+                                            static_cast<BluetoothProxy *>(self)->send_scanner_state_(state);
+                                          }});
+#endif
 }
 
+// The hub delivers raw advertisements on the ESPHome main loop.
 void BluetoothProxy::on_raw_advertisement_(const ble_device_base::RawAdvertisement &raw) {
   if (!api::global_api_server->is_connected() || this->api_connection_ == nullptr)
     return;
 
   auto &adv = this->response_.advertisements[this->response_.advertisements_len];
-  // raw.mac is LSB-first; this yields the same uint64 the esp32 proxy sends.
-  adv.address = ble_device_base::mac_lsb_first_to_uint64(raw.mac);
+  adv.address = raw.address;
   adv.rssi = raw.rssi;
   adv.address_type = raw.addr_type;
   uint8_t length = raw.data_len > sizeof(adv.data) ? sizeof(adv.data) : static_cast<uint8_t>(raw.data_len);
@@ -83,8 +104,7 @@ void BluetoothProxy::on_raw_advertisement_(const ble_device_base::RawAdvertiseme
 
   this->response_.advertisements_len++;
 
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Queuing raw packet from %02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X, length %d. RSSI: %d dB", raw.mac[5], raw.mac[4],
-           raw.mac[3], raw.mac[2], raw.mac[1], raw.mac[0], length, raw.rssi);
+  ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Queuing raw packet from %012" PRIX64 ", length %d. RSSI: %d dB", raw.address, length, raw.rssi);
 
   // Flush if we have reached BLUETOOTH_PROXY_ADVERTISEMENT_BATCH_SIZE
   if (this->response_.advertisements_len >= BLUETOOTH_PROXY_ADVERTISEMENT_BATCH_SIZE) {
@@ -92,30 +112,29 @@ void BluetoothProxy::on_raw_advertisement_(const ble_device_base::RawAdvertiseme
   }
 }
 
-void BluetoothProxy::send_bluetooth_scanner_state_() {
-  api::BluetoothScannerStateResponse resp;
-  resp.state = this->hub_->scan_running() ? api::enums::BluetoothScannerState::BLUETOOTH_SCANNER_STATE_RUNNING
-                                          : api::enums::BluetoothScannerState::BLUETOOTH_SCANNER_STATE_IDLE;
-  resp.mode = this->hub_->scan_active() ? api::enums::BluetoothScannerMode::BLUETOOTH_SCANNER_MODE_ACTIVE
-                                        : api::enums::BluetoothScannerMode::BLUETOOTH_SCANNER_MODE_PASSIVE;
-  resp.configured_mode = this->configured_scan_active_
-                             ? api::enums::BluetoothScannerMode::BLUETOOTH_SCANNER_MODE_ACTIVE
-                             : api::enums::BluetoothScannerMode::BLUETOOTH_SCANNER_MODE_PASSIVE;
-  this->api_connection_->send_message(resp);
-}
-
-#endif  // USE_ESP32
-
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-void BluetoothProxy::log_connection_request_ignored_(BluetoothConnection *connection, espbt::ClientState state) {
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+void BluetoothProxy::log_connection_request_ignored_(BluetoothConnection *connection, ClientState state) {
   ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Connection request ignored, state: %s", connection->get_connection_index(),
-           connection->address_str(), espbt::client_state_to_string(state));
+           connection->address_str(), ble_device_base::client_state_to_string(state));
 }
 
 void BluetoothProxy::log_connection_info_(BluetoothConnection *connection, const char *message) {
   ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Connecting %s", connection->get_connection_index(), connection->address_str(), message);
 }
-#endif  // USE_ESP32
+#endif  // USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+void BluetoothProxy::log_reply_dropped_(const char *what, uint64_t address) {
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s reply for %012" PRIX64 " dropped, TCP buffer full", what, address);
+}
+
+void BluetoothProxy::log_reply_deferred_(const char *what, uint64_t address) {
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s reply for %012" PRIX64 " deferred, TCP buffer full", what, address);
+}
+
+void BluetoothProxy::log_reply_displaced_(const char *what, uint64_t owed, uint64_t address) {
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s reply for %012" PRIX64 " dropped, displaced by %012" PRIX64, what, owed, address);
+}
 
 void BluetoothProxy::log_not_connected_gatt_(const char *action, const char *type) {
   ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Cannot %s GATT %s, not connected", action, type);
@@ -124,126 +143,176 @@ void BluetoothProxy::log_not_connected_gatt_(const char *action, const char *typ
 void BluetoothProxy::handle_gatt_not_connected_(uint64_t address, uint16_t handle, const char *action,
                                                 const char *type) {
   this->log_not_connected_gatt_(action, type);
-  this->send_gatt_error(address, handle, ESP_GATT_NOT_CONNECTED);
-}
-
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
-#ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_DEVICE
-bool BluetoothProxy::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
-  // This method should never be called since bluetooth_proxy always uses raw advertisements
-  // but we need to provide an implementation to satisfy the virtual method requirement
-  return false;
+  if (!this->send_gatt_error(address, handle, GATT_NOT_CONNECTED)) {
+    // No connection, so nothing to latch against; the client's timeout arbitrates.
+    this->log_reply_dropped_("Not-connected", address);
+  }
 }
 #endif
 
-bool BluetoothProxy::parse_devices(const esp32_ble::BLEScanResult *scan_results, size_t count) {
-  if (!api::global_api_server->is_connected() || this->api_connection_ == nullptr)
-    return false;
-
-  auto &advertisements = this->response_.advertisements;
-
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-    auto &result = scan_results[i];
-    uint8_t length = result.adv_data_len + result.scan_rsp_len;
-
-    // Fill in the data directly at current position
-    auto &adv = advertisements[this->response_.advertisements_len];
-    adv.address = esp32_ble::ble_addr_to_uint64(result.bda);
-    adv.rssi = result.rssi;
-    adv.address_type = result.ble_addr_type;
-    adv.data_len = length;
-    std::memcpy(adv.data, result.ble_adv, length);
-
-    this->response_.advertisements_len++;
-
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Queuing raw packet from %02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X, length %d. RSSI: %d dB", result.bda[0],
-             result.bda[1], result.bda[2], result.bda[3], result.bda[4], result.bda[5], length, result.rssi);
-
-    // Flush if we have reached BLUETOOTH_PROXY_ADVERTISEMENT_BATCH_SIZE
-    if (this->response_.advertisements_len >= BLUETOOTH_PROXY_ADVERTISEMENT_BATCH_SIZE) {
-      this->flush_pending_advertisements_();
-    }
+void BluetoothProxy::log_advertisement_flush_(bool sent) {
+  if (sent) {
+    // VV: one line per flush drowns a verbose log in any busy environment.
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Sent batch of %u BLE advertisements", this->response_.advertisements_len);
+  } else {
+    // The rare congestion signal stays at V.
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Batch of %u BLE advertisements dropped, TCP buffer full", this->response_.advertisements_len);
   }
-
-  return true;
-}
-
-#endif  // USE_ESP32
-
-void BluetoothProxy::log_advertisement_flush_() {
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Sent batch of %u BLE advertisements", this->response_.advertisements_len);
 }
 
 void BluetoothProxy::dump_config() {
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
+  // Print configured facts. dump_config runs right after setup, before the
+  // radio is up, so live scan state would always read "stopped" here — the
+  // loop's BluetoothScannerStateResponse carries the changing value instead.
+  char mac_str[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
+  this->get_bluetooth_mac_address_pretty(mac_str);
+  const char *mac_out = mac_str[0] != '\0' ? mac_str : "unavailable (adapter not up yet)";
+  const char *scan_mode = this->configured_scan_active_ ? "active" : "passive";
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "Bluetooth Proxy:\n"
                 "  Active: %s\n"
-                "  Connections: %d",
-                YESNO(this->active_), this->connection_count_);
+                "  Connections: %d\n"
+                "  Configured scan: %s\n"
+                "  Adapter MAC: %s",
+                YESNO(this->active_), this->connection_count_, scan_mode, mac_out);
 #else
-  // Advertisement-only: print configured facts. dump_config runs right after
-  // setup, before the radio is up, so live scan state would always read
-  // "stopped" here — the loop's BluetoothScannerStateResponse carries the
-  // changing value instead.
-  char mac_str[18];
-  this->get_bluetooth_mac_address_pretty(mac_str);
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "Bluetooth Proxy:\n"
                 "  Mode: advertisement-only (no GATT connections)\n"
                 "  Configured scan: %s\n"
                 "  Adapter MAC: %s",
-                this->configured_scan_active_ ? "active" : "passive",
-                mac_str[0] != '\0' ? mac_str : "unavailable (adapter not up yet)");
+                scan_mode, mac_out);
 #endif
 }
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
 
-void BluetoothProxy::loop() {
-  // Run advertisement flush / connection cleanup every 100ms
-  uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
-  if (now - this->last_advertisement_flush_time_ < 100)
-    return;
-  this->last_advertisement_flush_time_ = now;
-
-  if (api::global_api_server->is_connected() && this->api_connection_ != nullptr) {
-    this->flush_pending_advertisements_();
+void BluetoothProxy::register_connection(BluetoothConnection *connection) {
+  if (this->connection_count_ >= BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS) {
+    // Cannot happen with codegen-sized registration; a silent drop would
+    // surface later as a null proxy_ dereference, so refuse loudly.
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Connection registry full, dropping registration");
     return;
   }
+  // The hub wrapper has no Component lifecycle, so the index is assigned here.
+  connection->connection_index_ = this->connection_count_;
+  this->connections_[this->connection_count_++] = connection;
+  connection->proxy_ = this;
+}
+
+void BluetoothProxy::log_slot_accounting_mismatch_() { ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Connection slot free-count mismatch, clamped"); }
+
+void BluetoothProxy::replace_allocated_slot_(uint64_t find_value, uint64_t set_value) {
+  for (auto &slot : this->connections_free_response_.allocated) {
+    if (slot == find_value) {
+      slot = set_value;
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  // The accounting arrays are only mutated here and sized to the slot count,
+  // so a miss means the bookkeeping already drifted — say so.
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Connection slot accounting mismatch (find 0x%llx)", (unsigned long long) find_value);
+}
+
+void BluetoothProxy::latch_pending_disconnection_(uint64_t address, conn_err_t error) {
+  // Match before free entry so one address never occupies two pool slots.
+  PendingReply *free_entry = nullptr;
   for (uint8_t i = 0; i < this->connection_count_; i++) {
-    auto *connection = this->connections_[i];
-    if (connection->get_address() != 0 && !connection->disconnect_pending()) {
-      connection->disconnect();
+    auto &owed = this->pending_disconnections_[i];
+    if (owed.matches(address)) {
+      owed.set(address, error);
+      return;
+    }
+    if (free_entry == nullptr && owed.empty()) {
+      free_entry = &owed;
+    }
+  }
+  if (free_entry != nullptr) {
+    this->log_reply_deferred_("Disconnect", address);
+    free_entry->set(address, error);
+    return;
+  }
+  // Every entry is owed: evict the first so the newest loss is not silent too.
+  this->log_reply_displaced_("Disconnect", this->pending_disconnections_[0].address(), address);
+  this->pending_disconnections_[0].set(address, error);
+}
+
+void BluetoothProxy::clear_pending_disconnection_(uint64_t address) {
+  // A reconnect supersedes the owed disconnect; a late resend would shadow
+  // the new connection.
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < this->connection_count_; i++) {
+    if (this->pending_disconnections_[i].matches(address)) {
+      this->pending_disconnections_[i].clear();
+      return;  // latch_pending_disconnection_ keeps at most one entry per address
     }
   }
 }
 
-esp32_ble_tracker::AdvertisementParserType BluetoothProxy::get_advertisement_parser_type() {
-  return esp32_ble_tracker::AdvertisementParserType::RAW_ADVERTISEMENTS;
+void BluetoothProxy::answer_device_disconnected_(uint64_t address) {
+  if (this->send_device_connection(address, false)) {
+    // A landed answer satisfies any owed notification for the address; a
+    // drained duplicate would follow it otherwise.
+    this->clear_pending_disconnection_(address);
+    return;
+  }
+  // Not latched: the client's own request timeout arbitrates, and pooling
+  // these would let a request retry loop displace an unsolicited disconnect.
+  this->log_reply_dropped_("Disconnect", address);
+}
+
+void BluetoothProxy::send_device_disconnected_(uint64_t address, conn_err_t error) {
+  if (this->send_device_connection(address, false, 0, error)) {
+    // A later disconnect landing for an address that still has one owed would
+    // otherwise have the drain repeat it.
+    this->clear_pending_disconnection_(address);
+    return;
+  }
+  // A dropped disconnect leaves the client believing the link is live, so
+  // every GATT operation on it times out until something else corrects it.
+  // latch_pending_disconnection_() reports the leading edge.
+  this->latch_pending_disconnection_(address, error);
+}
+
+void BluetoothProxy::reset_connection_slot_(BluetoothConnection *connection, conn_err_t reason) {
+  // The client has no other way to learn of an unsolicited disconnect.
+  this->send_device_disconnected_(connection->get_address(), reason);
+  connection->set_address(0);
+  connection->send_service_ = INIT_SENDING_SERVICES;
+  this->send_connections_free();
 }
 
 BluetoothConnection *BluetoothProxy::get_connection_(uint64_t address, bool reserve) {
+  // Finish the scan before reserving: a free slot earlier in the array must
+  // not win over a later slot that already holds the address, or one device
+  // ends up on two slots with a second connection attempt racing the first.
+  BluetoothConnection *free_slot = nullptr;
   for (uint8_t i = 0; i < this->connection_count_; i++) {
     auto *connection = this->connections_[i];
     uint64_t conn_addr = connection->get_address();
 
-    if (conn_addr == address)
-      return connection;
-
-    if (reserve && conn_addr == 0) {
-      connection->send_service_ = INIT_SENDING_SERVICES;
-      connection->set_address(address);
-      // All connections must start at INIT
-      // We only set the state if we allocate the connection
-      // to avoid a race where multiple connection attempts
-      // are made.
-      connection->set_state(espbt::ClientState::INIT);
+    if (conn_addr == address) {
+      // A connect request supersedes an owed disconnect.
+      if (reserve) {
+        this->clear_pending_disconnection_(address);
+      }
       return connection;
     }
+
+    if (free_slot == nullptr && conn_addr == 0)
+      free_slot = connection;
   }
-  return nullptr;
+  if (!reserve || free_slot == nullptr)
+    return nullptr;
+  this->clear_pending_disconnection_(address);
+  free_slot->send_service_ = INIT_SENDING_SERVICES;
+  free_slot->set_address(address);
+  // All connections must start at INIT
+  // We only set the state if we allocate the connection
+  // to avoid a race where multiple connection attempts
+  // are made.
+  free_slot->set_state(ClientState::INIT);
+  return free_slot;
 }
 
 void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_device_request(const api::BluetoothDeviceRequest &msg) {
@@ -253,94 +322,97 @@ void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_device_request(const api::BluetoothDeviceRequest
       auto *connection = this->get_connection_(msg.address, true);
       if (connection == nullptr) {
         ESP_LOGW(TAG, "No free connections available");
-        this->send_device_connection(msg.address, false);
+        this->answer_device_disconnected_(msg.address);
         return;
       }
       if (!msg.has_address_type) {
         ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Missing address type in connect request", connection->get_connection_index(),
                  connection->address_str());
-        this->send_device_connection(msg.address, false);
+        this->answer_device_disconnected_(msg.address);
         return;
       }
-      if (connection->state() == espbt::ClientState::CONNECTED ||
-          connection->state() == espbt::ClientState::ESTABLISHED) {
+      if (connection->state() == ClientState::CONNECTED || connection->state() == ClientState::ESTABLISHED) {
         this->log_connection_request_ignored_(connection, connection->state());
-        this->send_device_connection(msg.address, true);
+        connection->send_connected_reply_();
         this->send_connections_free();
         return;
-      } else if (connection->state() == espbt::ClientState::CONNECTING) {
-        if (connection->disconnect_pending()) {
-          ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Connection request while pending disconnect, cancelling pending disconnect",
-                   connection->get_connection_index(), connection->address_str());
-          connection->cancel_pending_disconnect();
-          return;
-        }
-        this->log_connection_request_ignored_(connection, connection->state());
+      } else if (connection->state() == ClientState::DISCONNECTING && connection->cancel_teardown()) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Connection request while pending disconnect, cancelling pending disconnect",
+                 connection->get_connection_index(), connection->address_str());
         return;
-      } else if (connection->state() != espbt::ClientState::INIT) {
+      } else if (connection->state() != ClientState::INIT) {
+        // Covers CONNECTING too: a repeat request during a connect attempt is
+        // ignored the same way.
         this->log_connection_request_ignored_(connection, connection->state());
         return;
       }
       if (msg.request_type == api::enums::BLUETOOTH_DEVICE_REQUEST_TYPE_CONNECT_V3_WITH_CACHE) {
-        connection->set_connection_type(espbt::ConnectionType::V3_WITH_CACHE);
+        connection->set_connection_type(ble_device_base::ConnectionType::V3_WITH_CACHE);
         this->log_connection_info_(connection, "v3 with cache");
       } else {  // BLUETOOTH_DEVICE_REQUEST_TYPE_CONNECT_V3_WITHOUT_CACHE
-        connection->set_connection_type(espbt::ConnectionType::V3_WITHOUT_CACHE);
+        connection->set_connection_type(ble_device_base::ConnectionType::V3_WITHOUT_CACHE);
         this->log_connection_info_(connection, "v3 without cache");
       }
-      connection->set_remote_addr_type(static_cast<esp_ble_addr_type_t>(msg.address_type));
-      connection->set_state(espbt::ClientState::DISCOVERED);
+      connection->initiate_connection(static_cast<uint8_t>(msg.address_type));
       this->send_connections_free();
       break;
     }
     case api::enums::BLUETOOTH_DEVICE_REQUEST_TYPE_DISCONNECT: {
       auto *connection = this->get_connection_(msg.address, false);
       if (connection == nullptr) {
-        this->send_device_connection(msg.address, false);
+        this->answer_device_disconnected_(msg.address);
         this->send_connections_free();
         return;
       }
-      if (connection->state() != espbt::ClientState::IDLE) {
+      if (connection->state() != ClientState::IDLE) {
         connection->disconnect();
       } else {
         connection->set_address(0);
-        this->send_device_connection(msg.address, false);
+        this->answer_device_disconnected_(msg.address);
         this->send_connections_free();
       }
       break;
     }
     case api::enums::BLUETOOTH_DEVICE_REQUEST_TYPE_PAIR: {
+      // The connection wrapper exposes the pairing surface; success is
+      // reported when the platform's pairing completion arrives.
       auto *connection = this->get_connection_(msg.address, false);
       if (connection != nullptr) {
         if (!connection->is_paired()) {
           auto err = connection->pair();
-          if (err != ESP_OK) {
+          if (err != CONN_OK) {
             this->send_device_pairing(msg.address, false, err);
           }
         } else {
           this->send_device_pairing(msg.address, true);
         }
+      } else {
+        // Answer instead of leaving the client to time out.
+        this->send_device_pairing(msg.address, false, GATT_NOT_CONNECTED);
       }
       break;
     }
     case api::enums::BLUETOOTH_DEVICE_REQUEST_TYPE_UNPAIR: {
-      esp_bd_addr_t address;
-      uint64_to_bd_addr(msg.address, address);
-      esp_err_t ret = esp_ble_remove_bond_device(address);
-      this->send_device_unpairing(msg.address, ret == ESP_OK, ret);
+      conn_err_t ret = bluetooth_connection::unpair_device(msg.address);
+      if (ret == CONN_OK) {
+        // The bond is gone; a live connection must not short-circuit the
+        // next PAIR as already paired.
+        auto *connection = this->get_connection_(msg.address, false);
+        if (connection != nullptr) {
+          connection->set_unpaired();
+        }
+      }
+      this->send_device_unpairing(msg.address, ret == CONN_OK, ret);
       break;
     }
     case api::enums::BLUETOOTH_DEVICE_REQUEST_TYPE_CLEAR_CACHE: {
-      esp_bd_addr_t address;
-      uint64_to_bd_addr(msg.address, address);
-      esp_err_t ret = esp_ble_gattc_cache_clean(address);
-      // Shares the sender with the neutral path, which also null-checks api_connection_.
-      this->send_device_clear_cache(msg.address, ret == ESP_OK, ret);
+      conn_err_t ret = bluetooth_connection::clear_gatt_cache(msg.address);
+      this->send_device_clear_cache(msg.address, ret == CONN_OK, ret);
       break;
     }
     case api::enums::BLUETOOTH_DEVICE_REQUEST_TYPE_CONNECT: {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "V1 connections removed");
-      this->send_device_connection(msg.address, false);
+      this->answer_device_disconnected_(msg.address);
       break;
     }
   }
@@ -354,8 +426,8 @@ void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_gatt_read(const api::BluetoothGATTReadRequest &ms
   }
 
   auto err = connection->read_characteristic(msg.handle);
-  if (err != ESP_OK) {
-    this->send_gatt_error(msg.address, msg.handle, err);
+  if (err != CONN_OK) {
+    connection->send_gatt_error_(msg.handle, err);
   }
 }
 
@@ -367,8 +439,8 @@ void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_gatt_write(const api::BluetoothGATTWriteRequest &
   }
 
   auto err = connection->write_characteristic(msg.handle, msg.data, msg.data_len, msg.response);
-  if (err != ESP_OK) {
-    this->send_gatt_error(msg.address, msg.handle, err);
+  if (err != CONN_OK) {
+    connection->send_gatt_error_(msg.handle, err);
   }
 }
 
@@ -380,8 +452,8 @@ void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_gatt_read_descriptor(const api::BluetoothGATTRead
   }
 
   auto err = connection->read_descriptor(msg.handle);
-  if (err != ESP_OK) {
-    this->send_gatt_error(msg.address, msg.handle, err);
+  if (err != CONN_OK) {
+    connection->send_gatt_error_(msg.handle, err);
   }
 }
 
@@ -393,8 +465,8 @@ void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_gatt_write_descriptor(const api::BluetoothGATTWri
   }
 
   auto err = connection->write_descriptor(msg.handle, msg.data, msg.data_len, true);
-  if (err != ESP_OK) {
-    this->send_gatt_error(msg.address, msg.handle, err);
+  if (err != CONN_OK) {
+    connection->send_gatt_error_(msg.handle, err);
   }
 }
 
@@ -404,9 +476,32 @@ void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_gatt_send_services(const api::BluetoothGATTGetSer
     this->handle_gatt_not_connected_(msg.address, 0, "get", "services");
     return;
   }
-  if (!connection->service_count_) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] No GATT services found", connection->connection_index_, connection->address_str());
-    this->send_gatt_services_done(msg.address);
+  if (!connection->has_gatt_services()) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] No GATT services found", connection->get_connection_index(), connection->address_str());
+    // Through the retrying sender: a drop must not leave discovery hanging.
+    // Re-entry does not depend on the cursor - this branch is gated on
+    // has_gatt_services() alone, so no restore is needed.
+    connection->send_services_done_();
+    return;
+  }
+  if (connection->send_service_ > 0) {
+    // A request mid-stream restarts from the top so the requester always
+    // gets the full list. No duplicate risk: the client accumulates batches
+    // per request, and a same-session re-request only happens after the
+    // previous request timed out and discarded its partial list.
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] GetServices mid-stream, restarting", connection->get_connection_index(),
+             connection->address_str());
+    connection->send_service_ = 0;
+    return;
+  }
+  if (connection->send_service_ == SERVICES_DONE_PENDING) {
+    // A new request supersedes an owed done: the client accumulates batches
+    // per request, so its fresh, empty accumulator plus a bare done would
+    // cache as an empty database. The table is freed; the client's timeout
+    // arbitrates.
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] GetServices superseded an undelivered done; client timeout will retry",
+             connection->get_connection_index(), connection->address_str());
+    connection->send_service_ = DONE_SENDING_SERVICES;
     return;
   }
   if (connection->send_service_ == INIT_SENDING_SERVICES)  // Start sending services if not started yet
@@ -421,14 +516,16 @@ void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_gatt_notify(const api::BluetoothGATTNotifyRequest
   }
 
   auto err = connection->notify_characteristic(msg.handle, msg.enable);
-  if (err != ESP_OK) {
-    this->send_gatt_error(msg.address, msg.handle, err);
+  if (err != CONN_OK) {
+    connection->send_gatt_error_(msg.handle, err);
   }
 }
 
 void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_set_connection_params(const api::BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest &msg) {
   if (this->api_connection_ == nullptr)
     return;
+  // Not latched (esp32 parity): the request is idempotent, so a drop resolves
+  // via the client timeout and a retry gives the same answer. Still reported.
 
   auto *connection = this->get_connection_(msg.address, false);
   api::BluetoothSetConnectionParamsResponse resp;
@@ -436,10 +533,12 @@ void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_set_connection_params(const api::BluetoothSetConn
 
   if (connection == nullptr || !connection->connected()) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Cannot set connection params, not connected",
-             connection ? static_cast<int>(connection->connection_index_) : -1,
+             connection ? static_cast<int>(connection->get_connection_index()) : -1,
              connection ? connection->address_str() : "unknown");
-    resp.error = ESP_GATT_NOT_CONNECTED;
-    this->api_connection_->send_message(resp);
+    resp.error = GATT_NOT_CONNECTED;
+    if (!this->api_connection_->send_message(resp)) {
+      this->log_reply_dropped_("Connection-params", msg.address);
+    }
     return;
   }
 
@@ -450,106 +549,30 @@ void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_set_connection_params(const api::BluetoothSetConn
                                                     static_cast<uint16_t>(std::min(msg.max_interval, max_val)),
                                                     static_cast<uint16_t>(std::min(msg.latency, max_val)),
                                                     static_cast<uint16_t>(std::min(msg.timeout, max_val)));
-  this->api_connection_->send_message(resp);
+  if (!this->api_connection_->send_message(resp)) {
+    this->log_reply_dropped_("Connection-params", msg.address);
+  }
 }
 
+#endif  // USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+
 void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_scanner_set_mode(bool active) {
-  if (this->parent_->get_scan_active() == active) {
+  // esp32 only: BLEHub is the concrete tracker here, so these calls reach
+  // tracker-native methods beyond the neutral contract.
+  if (this->hub_->get_scan_active() == active) {
     return;
   }
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Setting scanner mode to %s", active ? "active" : "passive");
-  this->parent_->set_scan_active(active);
-  this->parent_->stop_scan();
-  this->parent_->set_scan_continuous(
+  this->hub_->set_scan_active(active);
+  this->hub_->stop_scan();
+  this->hub_->set_scan_continuous(
       true);  // Set this to true to automatically start scanning again when it has cleaned up.
 }
 
 #else  // !USE_ESP32
 
-// Advertisement-only proxy. GATT client connections are excluded at compile
-// time — this whole arm is selected by #ifdef USE_ESP32, and nothing consults
-// HubCapabilities at runtime today — so every connection-oriented request is
-// answered with a clean error instead of silence, and Home Assistant treats
-// the proxy as passive.
-
-void BluetoothProxy::loop() {
-  // Run advertisement flush / scanner-state poll every 100ms
-  uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
-  if (now - this->last_advertisement_flush_time_ < 100)
-    return;
-  this->last_advertisement_flush_time_ = now;
-
-  if (!api::global_api_server->is_connected() || this->api_connection_ == nullptr)
-    return;
-
-  // The hub has no scanner-state listener interface; poll and report on change.
-  bool running = this->hub_->scan_running();
-  if (running != this->last_scan_running_) {
-    this->last_scan_running_ = running;
-    this->send_bluetooth_scanner_state_();
-  }
-
-  this->flush_pending_advertisements_();
-}
-
-void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_device_request(const api::BluetoothDeviceRequest &msg) {
-  switch (msg.request_type) {
-    case api::enums::BLUETOOTH_DEVICE_REQUEST_TYPE_CONNECT_V3_WITH_CACHE:
-    case api::enums::BLUETOOTH_DEVICE_REQUEST_TYPE_CONNECT_V3_WITHOUT_CACHE:
-    case api::enums::BLUETOOTH_DEVICE_REQUEST_TYPE_CONNECT:
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Active connections are not supported on this platform");
-      this->send_device_connection(msg.address, false, 0, ESP_GATT_NOT_CONNECTED);
-      break;
-    case api::enums::BLUETOOTH_DEVICE_REQUEST_TYPE_DISCONNECT:
-      // Not an error: the device is already disconnected, which is the requested state.
-      this->send_device_connection(msg.address, false);
-      this->send_connections_free();
-      break;
-    case api::enums::BLUETOOTH_DEVICE_REQUEST_TYPE_PAIR:
-      this->send_device_pairing(msg.address, false, ESP_GATT_NOT_CONNECTED);
-      break;
-    case api::enums::BLUETOOTH_DEVICE_REQUEST_TYPE_UNPAIR:
-      this->send_device_unpairing(msg.address, false, ESP_GATT_NOT_CONNECTED);
-      break;
-    case api::enums::BLUETOOTH_DEVICE_REQUEST_TYPE_CLEAR_CACHE:
-      this->send_device_clear_cache(msg.address, false, ESP_GATT_NOT_CONNECTED);
-      break;
-  }
-}
-
-void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_gatt_read(const api::BluetoothGATTReadRequest &msg) {
-  this->handle_gatt_not_connected_(msg.address, msg.handle, "read", "characteristic");
-}
-
-void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_gatt_write(const api::BluetoothGATTWriteRequest &msg) {
-  this->handle_gatt_not_connected_(msg.address, msg.handle, "write", "characteristic");
-}
-
-void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_gatt_read_descriptor(const api::BluetoothGATTReadDescriptorRequest &msg) {
-  this->handle_gatt_not_connected_(msg.address, msg.handle, "read", "descriptor");
-}
-
-void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_gatt_write_descriptor(const api::BluetoothGATTWriteDescriptorRequest &msg) {
-  this->handle_gatt_not_connected_(msg.address, msg.handle, "write", "descriptor");
-}
-
-void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_gatt_send_services(const api::BluetoothGATTGetServicesRequest &msg) {
-  this->handle_gatt_not_connected_(msg.address, 0, "get", "services");
-}
-
-void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_gatt_notify(const api::BluetoothGATTNotifyRequest &msg) {
-  this->handle_gatt_not_connected_(msg.address, msg.handle, "notify", "characteristic");
-}
-
-void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_set_connection_params(const api::BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest &msg) {
-  if (this->api_connection_ == nullptr)
-    return;
-  api::BluetoothSetConnectionParamsResponse resp;
-  resp.address = msg.address;
-  resp.error = ESP_GATT_NOT_CONNECTED;
-  this->api_connection_->send_message(resp);
-}
-
 void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_scanner_set_mode(bool active) {
   if (this->hub_->scan_active() != active) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Setting scanner mode to %s", active ? "active" : "passive");
@@ -560,37 +583,172 @@ void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_scanner_set_mode(bool active) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Scanner mode %s not supported by this tracker", active ? "active" : "passive");
     }
   }
+#ifndef USE_BLE_SCANNER_STATE_CALLBACK
   if (this->api_connection_ != nullptr) {
-    // Keep loop()'s change detector in step with the state sent here, so a
-    // failed restart (scan_running_ dropped by the tracker) is not reported
-    // twice — once now and again on the next tick.
-    this->last_scan_running_ = this->hub_->scan_running();
-    this->send_bluetooth_scanner_state_();
+    // Reports the mode change; the sender also refreshes last_scan_running_, so
+    // a failed restart (scan_running_ dropped by the tracker) is not reported
+    // again by loop() on the next tick. A push hub reports the restart's
+    // transitions (mode rides along) instead.
+    this->send_polled_scanner_state_();
   }
+#endif
 }
 
 #endif  // USE_ESP32
 
+void BluetoothProxy::loop() {
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+  // Stream pending service-discovery batches every iteration; the streamer
+  // handles a vanished API connection itself.
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < this->connection_count_; i++) {
+    this->connections_[i]->process_pending_services();
+  }
+#endif
+
+  // Run advertisement flush / scanner-state poll every 100ms
+  uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+  if (now - this->last_advertisement_flush_time_ < 100)
+    return;
+  this->last_advertisement_flush_time_ = now;
+
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+  if (this->connections_free_pending_ && this->api_connection_ != nullptr) {
+    // Resend a dropped slot-state update, paced by the 100 ms gate so the
+    // retry does not hammer the congestion it exists to survive. Every build
+    // sends this at subscribe time (api_connection.cpp), so the drain
+    // compiles on every proxy build.
+    this->connections_free_pending_ = false;
+    this->send_connections_free(this->api_connection_);
+  }
+#endif
+
+  if (!api::global_api_server->is_connected() || this->api_connection_ == nullptr) {
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+    // The API subscriber is gone: tear down any connections it left behind
+    // (disconnect() on an already-disconnecting slot is a no-op).
+    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < this->connection_count_; i++) {
+      auto *connection = this->connections_[i];
+      if (connection->get_address() != 0) {
+        connection->disconnect();
+      }
+    }
+#endif
+    return;
+  }
+
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+  // Paced retries of owed per-slot notifications; subscriber swaps clear
+  // stale latches before this runs.
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < this->connection_count_; i++) {
+    this->connections_[i]->flush_owed_replies_();
+  }
+  // Address-keyed, not slot-keyed, so it gets its own loop; bounded by
+  // connection_count_ like the latch and clear helpers. Not pre-cleared:
+  // the sender clears on success and re-latches on refusal, keeping the
+  // latch's leading-edge warn honest (same shape as the unpair drain).
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < this->connection_count_; i++) {
+    auto &owed = this->pending_disconnections_[i];
+    if (owed.empty())
+      continue;
+    this->send_device_disconnected_(owed.address(), owed.error());
+  }
+
+  // An owed unpair reply. Not pre-cleared: the sender clears on success and
+  // re-latches on refusal, keeping its leading-edge warn guard honest.
+  if (!this->pending_unpairing_.empty()) {
+    conn_err_t error = this->pending_unpairing_.error();
+    this->send_device_unpairing(this->pending_unpairing_.address(), error == CONN_OK, error);
+  }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_BLE_SCANNER_STATE_CALLBACK
+  // Resend a dropped scanner-state push (see scanner_state_pending_).
+  if (this->scanner_state_pending_) {
+    this->send_scanner_state_(this->hub_->get_scanner_state());
+  }
+#else
+  // This hub doesn't push scanner-state transitions; poll and report on
+  // change. A hub gaining push emits the define and drops this poll.
+  if (this->hub_->scan_running() != this->last_scan_running_) {
+    this->send_polled_scanner_state_();
+  }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_WIFI
+  // Wi-Fi (or a coexistence build that can fall back to it): every other
+  // non-empty 100 ms tick (~200 ms) gives partial batches time to fill
+  // toward BLUETOOTH_PROXY_ADVERTISEMENT_BATCH_SIZE, so the air gets fewer,
+  // fuller frames. Full batches still ship immediately from the queueing
+  // path, and the owed-reply drains above keep the 100 ms cadence.
+  if (this->response_.advertisements_len != 0) {
+    if (this->adv_flush_toggle_) {
+      this->flush_pending_advertisements_();
+    }
+    this->adv_flush_toggle_ = !this->adv_flush_toggle_;
+  } else {
+    // Nothing pending (idle, or a full batch just shipped inline): arm so
+    // the next batch ships on the next tick.
+    this->adv_flush_toggle_ = true;
+  }
+#else
+  // No Wi-Fi in the build (ethernet): no airtime worth trading latency for,
+  // so partial batches flush every tick.
+  this->flush_pending_advertisements_();
+#endif
+}
+
+void BluetoothProxy::reset_owed_replies_() {
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+  this->connections_free_pending_ = false;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_BLE_SCANNER_STATE_CALLBACK
+  // Owed on unsubscribe; on subscribe the trailing send_scanner_state_()
+  // re-drives it from the hub, so clearing it there is free.
+  this->scanner_state_pending_ = false;
+#else
+  // Force a poll-arm mismatch: a frame refused at subscribe time could
+  // otherwise match the stale detector and never be retried. Inert on
+  // unsubscribe: loop() returns at the no-subscriber gate before the
+  // detector runs, and a re-subscribe re-arms this anyway.
+  this->last_scan_running_ = !this->hub_->scan_running();
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+  this->pending_unpairing_.clear();
+  this->pending_disconnections_.fill({});
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < this->connection_count_; i++) {
+    // Neither a partial stream's tail nor an owed done belongs to the next
+    // session; silence (the client's timeout) arbitrates.
+    auto *connection = this->connections_[i];
+    connection->park_service_stream_();
+    connection->clear_owed_flags_();
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
 void BluetoothProxy::subscribe_api_connection(api::APIConnection *api_connection, uint32_t flags) {
-  if (this->api_connection_ != nullptr && this->api_connection_ != api_connection) {
-    // A previous subscriber still holds the slot. This is almost always a stale
-    // connection from a client that dropped without a clean disconnect and has
-    // not yet hit the keepalive timeout; rejecting the new subscriber would
-    // silently starve it of advertisements until it reconnects, so the newest
-    // subscriber wins instead.
-    char old_peername[socket::SOCKADDR_STR_LEN];
-    char new_peername[socket::SOCKADDR_STR_LEN];
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Subscription from %s (%s) replaces %s (%s)", api_connection->get_name(),
-             api_connection->get_peername_to(new_peername), this->api_connection_->get_name(),
-             this->api_connection_->get_peername_to(old_peername));
+  if (api_connection != this->api_connection_) {
+    if (this->api_connection_ != nullptr) {
+      // A previous subscriber still holds the slot. This is almost always a
+      // stale connection from a client that dropped without a clean disconnect
+      // and has not yet hit the keepalive timeout; rejecting the new
+      // subscriber would silently starve it of advertisements until it
+      // reconnects, so the newest subscriber wins instead.
+      char old_peername[socket::SOCKADDR_STR_LEN];
+      char new_peername[socket::SOCKADDR_STR_LEN];
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Subscription from %s (%s) replaces %s (%s)", api_connection->get_name(),
+               api_connection->get_peername_to(new_peername), this->api_connection_->get_name(),
+               this->api_connection_->get_peername_to(old_peername));
+    }
+    // Stale retry latches belong to the previous subscriber's session; a
+    // re-subscribe by the current one keeps what it is still owed.
+    this->reset_owed_replies_();
   }
   this->api_connection_ = api_connection;
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-  this->parent_->recalculate_advertisement_parser_types();
-  this->send_bluetooth_scanner_state_(this->parent_->get_scanner_state());
+#ifdef USE_BLE_SCANNER_STATE_CALLBACK
+  // get_scanner_state() is part of the push-hub surface (see BLEHubContract).
+  this->send_scanner_state_(this->hub_->get_scanner_state());
 #else
-  this->last_scan_running_ = this->hub_->scan_running();
-  this->send_bluetooth_scanner_state_();
+  this->send_polled_scanner_state_();
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -600,21 +758,10 @@ void BluetoothProxy::unsubscribe_api_connection(api::APIConnection *api_connecti
     return;
   }
   this->api_connection_ = nullptr;
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-  this->parent_->recalculate_advertisement_parser_types();
-#endif
+  this->reset_owed_replies_();
 }
 
-void BluetoothProxy::send_device_connection(uint64_t address, bool connected, uint16_t mtu, proxy_err_t error) {
-  if (this->api_connection_ == nullptr)
-    return;
-  api::BluetoothDeviceConnectionResponse call;
-  call.address = address;
-  call.connected = connected;
-  call.mtu = mtu;
-  call.error = error;
-  this->api_connection_->send_message(call);
-}
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
 void BluetoothProxy::send_connections_free() {
   if (this->api_connection_ != nullptr) {
     this->send_connections_free(this->api_connection_);
@@ -622,28 +769,45 @@ void BluetoothProxy::send_connections_free() {
 }
 
 void BluetoothProxy::send_connections_free(api::APIConnection *api_connection) {
-  api_connection->send_message(this->connections_free_response_);
+  // Latch only for the current subscriber: loop() resends to api_connection_.
+  if (!api_connection->send_message(this->connections_free_response_) && api_connection == this->api_connection_) {
+    // V like the api layer's own buffer-full log: a D would ride the same
+    // full connection.
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Connections-free update deferred, TCP buffer full");
+    this->connections_free_pending_ = true;
+  }
 }
 
-void BluetoothProxy::send_gatt_services_done(uint64_t address) {
+bool BluetoothProxy::send_device_connection(uint64_t address, bool connected, uint16_t mtu, conn_err_t error) {
   if (this->api_connection_ == nullptr)
-    return;
+    return true;  // Nobody subscribed: nothing owed
+  api::BluetoothDeviceConnectionResponse call;
+  call.address = address;
+  call.connected = connected;
+  call.mtu = mtu;
+  call.error = error;
+  return this->api_connection_->send_message(call);
+}
+
+bool BluetoothProxy::send_gatt_services_done(uint64_t address) {
+  if (this->api_connection_ == nullptr)
+    return true;  // Nobody subscribed: nothing is owed, only a refused frame reports false
   api::BluetoothGATTGetServicesDoneResponse call;
   call.address = address;
-  this->api_connection_->send_message(call);
+  return this->api_connection_->send_message(call);
 }
 
-void BluetoothProxy::send_gatt_error(uint64_t address, uint16_t handle, proxy_err_t error) {
+bool BluetoothProxy::send_gatt_error(uint64_t address, uint16_t handle, conn_err_t error) {
   if (this->api_connection_ == nullptr)
-    return;
+    return true;  // Nobody subscribed: nothing is owed, only a refused frame reports false
   api::BluetoothGATTErrorResponse call;
   call.address = address;
   call.handle = handle;
   call.error = error;
-  this->api_connection_->send_message(call);
+  return this->api_connection_->send_message(call);
 }
 
-void BluetoothProxy::send_device_pairing(uint64_t address, bool paired, proxy_err_t error) {
+void BluetoothProxy::send_device_pairing(uint64_t address, bool paired, conn_err_t error) {
   if (this->api_connection_ == nullptr)
     return;
   api::BluetoothDevicePairingResponse call;
@@ -651,23 +815,47 @@ void BluetoothProxy::send_device_pairing(uint64_t address, bool paired, proxy_er
   call.paired = paired;
   call.error = error;
 
-  this->api_connection_->send_message(call);
+  if (!this->api_connection_->send_message(call)) {
+    // Not latched: a retried PAIR is answered from is_paired(), so the client
+    // recovers on its own. Still worth saying it happened.
+    this->log_reply_dropped_("Pairing", address);
+  }
 }
 
-void BluetoothProxy::send_device_unpairing(uint64_t address, bool success, proxy_err_t error) {
+void BluetoothProxy::send_device_unpairing(uint64_t address, bool success, conn_err_t error) {
   if (this->api_connection_ == nullptr)
     return;
+  // An owed success is the authoritative answer: a later attempt for the
+  // same address fails only because the first already removed the bond.
+  if (!this->pending_unpairing_.empty() && this->pending_unpairing_.matches(address) &&
+      this->pending_unpairing_.error() == CONN_OK) {
+    success = true;
+    error = CONN_OK;
+  }
   api::BluetoothDeviceUnpairingResponse call;
   call.address = address;
   call.success = success;
   call.error = error;
 
-  this->api_connection_->send_message(call);
+  if (this->api_connection_->send_message(call)) {
+    // A later unpair landing for an address that still has one owed would
+    // otherwise have the drain repeat it.
+    if (this->pending_unpairing_.matches(address)) {
+      this->pending_unpairing_.clear();
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+  if (this->pending_unpairing_.empty()) {
+    this->log_reply_deferred_("Unpair", address);
+  } else if (!this->pending_unpairing_.matches(address)) {
+    this->log_reply_displaced_("Unpair", this->pending_unpairing_.address(), address);
+  }
+  this->pending_unpairing_.set(address, error);
 }
 
-// Shared by both platform paths: the neutral bluetooth_device_request() uses it to
-// answer a clear-cache request with a clean error, so it must not be esp32-guarded.
-void BluetoothProxy::send_device_clear_cache(uint64_t address, bool success, proxy_err_t error) {
+// GATT arm only: the advertisement-only arm no longer dispatches CLEAR_CACHE,
+// so its response encoder would be dead weight there.
+void BluetoothProxy::send_device_clear_cache(uint64_t address, bool success, conn_err_t error) {
   if (this->api_connection_ == nullptr)
     return;
   api::BluetoothDeviceClearCacheResponse call;
@@ -675,8 +863,12 @@ void BluetoothProxy::send_device_clear_cache(uint64_t address, bool success, pro
   call.success = success;
   call.error = error;
 
-  this->api_connection_->send_message(call);
+  if (!this->api_connection_->send_message(call)) {
+    // Not latched: clear-cache is idempotent, so a retry gives the same answer.
+    this->log_reply_dropped_("Clear-cache", address);
+  }
 }
+#endif  // USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
 
 BluetoothProxy *global_bluetooth_proxy = nullptr;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.h b/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.h
index fd1f1839c9..e233c38b56 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.h
+++ b/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.h
@@ -5,50 +5,33 @@
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
 
 #include <array>
-#include <map>
-#include <vector>
 
 #include "esphome/components/api/api_connection.h"
 #include "esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h"
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
-#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_client_state.h"
+#include "esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_hub_impl.h"
 
-#include "bluetooth_connection.h"
-
-#ifndef CONFIG_ESP_HOSTED_ENABLE_BT_BLUEDROID
-#include <esp_bt.h>
-#endif
-#include <esp_bt_device.h>
-#else
-#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_hub.h"
-#endif  // USE_ESP32
+#include "esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_hub.h"
 
 namespace esphome::bluetooth_proxy {
 
-// Proxy-owned error type for the API error fields, which are plain integers on
-// the wire. Aliases esp_err_t on esp32 (where the values come from IDF calls);
-// a bare int elsewhere. Owning the name instead of probing for esp_err_t keeps
-// the header independent of how a hub platform's SDK spells its error type.
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-using proxy_err_t = esp_err_t;
-static constexpr proxy_err_t PROXY_OK = ESP_OK;
-#else
-using proxy_err_t = int;
-static constexpr proxy_err_t PROXY_OK = 0;
-#endif
+// The connection-domain types live in the bluetooth_connection component;
+// re-exported here so the proxy code reads unqualified.
+using bluetooth_connection::CONN_OK;
+using bluetooth_connection::conn_err_t;
+using bluetooth_connection::GATT_NOT_CONNECTED;
+using bluetooth_connection::DONE_SENDING_SERVICES;
+using bluetooth_connection::INIT_SENDING_SERVICES;
+using bluetooth_connection::SERVICES_DONE_PENDING;
 
-static constexpr proxy_err_t ESP_GATT_NOT_CONNECTED = ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
-static constexpr int DONE_SENDING_SERVICES = -2;
-static constexpr int INIT_SENDING_SERVICES = -3;
-
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-using namespace esp32_ble_client;
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+using BluetoothConnection = bluetooth_connection::BluetoothConnection;
+using ClientState = ble_device_base::ClientState;
 #endif
 
 // Legacy versions:
@@ -58,6 +41,8 @@ using namespace esp32_ble_client;
 // Version 4: Pairing support
 // Version 5: Cache clear support
 static constexpr uint32_t LEGACY_ACTIVE_CONNECTIONS_VERSION = 5;
+static constexpr uint32_t LEGACY_ACTIVE_NO_CACHE_CLEAR_VERSION = 4;
+static constexpr uint32_t LEGACY_ACTIVE_NO_PAIRING_VERSION = 3;
 static constexpr uint32_t LEGACY_PASSIVE_ONLY_VERSION = 1;
 
 enum BluetoothProxyFeature : uint32_t {
@@ -75,47 +60,67 @@ enum BluetoothProxySubscriptionFlag : uint32_t {
   SUBSCRIPTION_RAW_ADVERTISEMENTS = 1 << 0,
 };
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-class BluetoothProxy final : public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener,
-                             public esp32_ble_tracker::BLEScannerStateListener,
-                             public Component {
-  friend class BluetoothConnection;  // Allow connection to update connections_free_response_
-#else
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+/// One owed address-keyed reply in a single word: 48-bit address low, 16-bit
+/// error on top. Every error that reaches it fits int16_t.
+class PendingReply {
+ public:
+  constexpr void set(uint64_t address, conn_err_t error) {
+    // Mask: the address originates from the client, and a stray high bit
+    // must not corrupt the reason.
+    this->word_ = (address & ADDRESS_MASK) | (static_cast<uint64_t>(static_cast<uint16_t>(error)) << 48);
+  }
+  constexpr void clear() { this->word_ = 0; }
+  // Whole-word test: only (address 0, error 0) reads back as nothing owed.
+  // A zero-address failure still latches, which is correct - that reply is
+  // owed too. Neither backend can unpair address 0 successfully.
+  constexpr bool empty() const { return this->word_ == 0; }
+  // Masked like set(), so a stray high bit cannot defeat the pool lookups.
+  constexpr bool matches(uint64_t address) const { return this->address() == (address & ADDRESS_MASK); }
+  constexpr uint64_t address() const { return this->word_ & ADDRESS_MASK; }
+  constexpr conn_err_t error() const { return static_cast<int16_t>(this->word_ >> 48); }
+
+ private:
+  static constexpr uint64_t ADDRESS_MASK = 0x0000FFFFFFFFFFFFULL;
+  uint64_t word_{0};
+};
+// Pin the packing at compile time: mask and sign round-trip for every
+// reachable shape (negative, GATT status, ESP_ERR_* range, stray high bit).
+constexpr bool pending_reply_round_trips(uint64_t address, uint64_t expected_address, conn_err_t error) {
+  PendingReply p;
+  p.set(address, error);
+  return p.address() == expected_address && p.error() == error && !p.empty() && p.matches(address);
+}
+static_assert(pending_reply_round_trips(0x0000112233445566ULL, 0x0000112233445566ULL, -1));
+static_assert(pending_reply_round_trips(0x0000FFFFFFFFFFFFULL, 0x0000FFFFFFFFFFFFULL, 0x8F));
+static_assert(pending_reply_round_trips(0xABCD112233445566ULL, 0x0000112233445566ULL, 0x110));
+static_assert(PendingReply{}.empty());
+#endif
+
 class BluetoothProxy final : public Component {
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+  // Allow the connection to update connections_free_response_
+  friend bluetooth_connection::BluetoothConnection;
 #endif
  public:
   BluetoothProxy();
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-#ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_DEVICE
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
-#endif
-  bool parse_devices(const esp32_ble::BLEScanResult *scan_results, size_t count) override;
-  esp32_ble_tracker::AdvertisementParserType get_advertisement_parser_type() override;
-#endif  // USE_ESP32
+  void set_ble_hub(ble_device_base::BLEHub *hub) { this->hub_ = hub; }
   void dump_config() override;
   void setup() override;
   void loop() override;
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-  // maybe_unused: in a passive proxy (active: false) MAX is 0, the body below is removed, and connection is unused.
-  void register_connection([[maybe_unused]] BluetoothConnection *connection) {
-    // Guard the always-false comparison (-Wtype-limits) in a passive proxy (active: false), where MAX is 0.
-#if BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS > 0
-    if (this->connection_count_ < BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS) {
-      this->connections_[this->connection_count_++] = connection;
-      connection->proxy_ = this;
-    }
-#endif
-  }
-#else
-  void set_ble_hub(ble_device_base::BLEHub *hub) { this->hub_ = hub; }
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+  void register_connection(BluetoothConnection *connection);
+#endif  // USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+#ifndef USE_ESP32
   // Run after the hub's setup() (the trackers use AFTER_WIFI): setup() below
   // snapshots scan_active()/scan_running() and installs the raw callback, and
   // the BLEHub contract does not promise those are settled any earlier than
   // the hub's own setup().
   float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::AFTER_WIFI - 1.0f; }
-#endif  // USE_ESP32
+#endif  // !USE_ESP32
 
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
   void bluetooth_device_request(const api::BluetoothDeviceRequest &msg);
   void bluetooth_gatt_read(const api::BluetoothGATTReadRequest &msg);
   void bluetooth_gatt_write(const api::BluetoothGATTWriteRequest &msg);
@@ -124,46 +129,51 @@ class BluetoothProxy final : public Component {
   void bluetooth_gatt_send_services(const api::BluetoothGATTGetServicesRequest &msg);
   void bluetooth_gatt_notify(const api::BluetoothGATTNotifyRequest &msg);
   void bluetooth_set_connection_params(const api::BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest &msg);
+#endif
 
   void subscribe_api_connection(api::APIConnection *api_connection, uint32_t flags);
   void unsubscribe_api_connection(api::APIConnection *api_connection);
   api::APIConnection *get_api_connection() { return this->api_connection_; }
+  /// Whether the subscribed API client understands 16/32-bit UUID fields.
+  bool client_supports_efficient_uuids() const {
+    return this->api_connection_ != nullptr && this->api_connection_->client_supports_api_version(1, 12);
+  }
 
-  void send_device_connection(uint64_t address, bool connected, uint16_t mtu = 0, proxy_err_t error = PROXY_OK);
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+  /// False only when a subscriber refused the frame; true = delivered or
+  /// nobody subscribed. Refusals latch in send_device_disconnected_() and
+  /// send_connected_reply_(); other callers report via log_reply_dropped_().
+  bool send_device_connection(uint64_t address, bool connected, uint16_t mtu = 0, conn_err_t error = CONN_OK);
   void send_connections_free();
   void send_connections_free(api::APIConnection *api_connection);
-  void send_gatt_services_done(uint64_t address);
-  void send_gatt_error(uint64_t address, uint16_t handle, proxy_err_t error);
-  void send_device_pairing(uint64_t address, bool paired, proxy_err_t error = PROXY_OK);
-  void send_device_unpairing(uint64_t address, bool success, proxy_err_t error = PROXY_OK);
-  void send_device_clear_cache(uint64_t address, bool success, proxy_err_t error = PROXY_OK);
+  /// Same convention as send_device_connection: false only on a refused frame.
+  bool send_gatt_services_done(uint64_t address);
+  /// False only when the API refused the frame, so the reply is still owed.
+  bool send_gatt_error(uint64_t address, uint16_t handle, conn_err_t error);
+  void send_device_pairing(uint64_t address, bool paired, conn_err_t error = CONN_OK);
+  /// No default error: the drain rebuilds success as (error == CONN_OK), so a
+  /// caller that omitted it would have a reported failure resent as a success.
+  void send_device_unpairing(uint64_t address, bool success, conn_err_t error);
+  void send_device_clear_cache(uint64_t address, bool success, conn_err_t error = CONN_OK);
+#endif
 
   void bluetooth_scanner_set_mode(bool active);
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-  static void uint64_to_bd_addr(uint64_t address, esp_bd_addr_t bd_addr) {
-    bd_addr[0] = (address >> 40) & 0xff;
-    bd_addr[1] = (address >> 32) & 0xff;
-    bd_addr[2] = (address >> 24) & 0xff;
-    bd_addr[3] = (address >> 16) & 0xff;
-    bd_addr[4] = (address >> 8) & 0xff;
-    bd_addr[5] = (address >> 0) & 0xff;
-  }
-#endif
-
   void set_active(bool active) { this->active_ = active; }
   bool has_active() { return this->active_; }
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-  /// BLEScannerStateListener interface
-  void on_scanner_state(esp32_ble_tracker::ScannerState state) override;
-#endif
-
   uint32_t get_legacy_version() const {
-    if (this->active_) {
+    if (!this->active_) {
+      return LEGACY_PASSIVE_ONLY_VERSION;
+    }
+    // Legacy clients (which predate the feature flags) map versions to
+    // capability sets: 5 adds cache clearing, 4 adds pairing, 3 is active
+    // connections only.
+    if (bluetooth_connection::SUPPORTS_CACHE_CLEARING) {
       return LEGACY_ACTIVE_CONNECTIONS_VERSION;
     }
-    return LEGACY_PASSIVE_ONLY_VERSION;
+    return bluetooth_connection::SUPPORTS_PAIRING ? LEGACY_ACTIVE_NO_CACHE_CLEAR_VERSION
+                                                  : LEGACY_ACTIVE_NO_PAIRING_VERSION;
   }
 
   uint32_t get_feature_flags() const {
@@ -177,99 +187,178 @@ class BluetoothProxy final : public Component {
     // scan_mode_switch is the capability bit for exactly that (#18079) —
     // active_scan alone is not enough, a hub may support active scanning yet
     // refuse the runtime switch.
-    if (this->hub_->get_capabilities().scan_mode_switch) {
+    if (ble_device_base::BLEHub::get_capabilities().scan_mode_switch) {
       flags |= BluetoothProxyFeature::FEATURE_STATE_AND_MODE;
     }
 #endif
     if (this->active_) {
+      // REMOTE_CACHING is mandatory for active connections: API clients
+      // refuse to connect without it (it selects which V3 connect request
+      // they send, not device-side caching).
       flags |= BluetoothProxyFeature::FEATURE_ACTIVE_CONNECTIONS;
       flags |= BluetoothProxyFeature::FEATURE_REMOTE_CACHING;
-      flags |= BluetoothProxyFeature::FEATURE_PAIRING;
-      flags |= BluetoothProxyFeature::FEATURE_CACHE_CLEARING;
       flags |= BluetoothProxyFeature::FEATURE_CONNECTION_PARAMS_SETTING;
+      if (bluetooth_connection::SUPPORTS_PAIRING) {
+        flags |= BluetoothProxyFeature::FEATURE_PAIRING;
+      }
+      if (bluetooth_connection::SUPPORTS_CACHE_CLEARING) {
+        flags |= BluetoothProxyFeature::FEATURE_CACHE_CLEARING;
+      }
     }
 
     return flags;
   }
 
-  void get_bluetooth_mac_address_pretty(std::span<char, 18> output) {
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-    const uint8_t *mac = esp_bt_dev_get_address();
-    if (mac != nullptr) {
-      format_mac_addr_upper(mac, output.data());
-    } else {
-      output[0] = '\0';
-    }
-#else
-    uint8_t mac[6] = {};
+  void get_bluetooth_mac_address_pretty(std::span<char, MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE> output) {
+    uint8_t mac[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE] = {};
     this->hub_->get_adapter_mac(mac);
-    // Mirror the esp32 arm's unavailable -> empty-string fallback: some hubs
-    // (rp2040's BTstack) only learn the address once the link layer is up, and
-    // report all-zero until then.
-    bool nonzero = false;
-    for (uint8_t b : mac)
-      nonzero |= b != 0;
-    if (nonzero) {
+    // Unavailable -> empty string: some hubs (rp2040's BTstack) only learn
+    // the address once the link layer is up, and report all-zero until then.
+    if (mac_address_is_valid(mac)) {
       format_mac_addr_upper(mac, output.data());
     } else {
       output[0] = '\0';
     }
-#endif
   }
 
  protected:
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-  void send_bluetooth_scanner_state_(esp32_ble_tracker::ScannerState state);
+  bool send_bluetooth_scanner_state_(ble_device_base::ScannerState state);
+#ifdef USE_BLE_SCANNER_STATE_CALLBACK
+  void send_scanner_state_(ble_device_base::ScannerState state);
 #else
-  void send_bluetooth_scanner_state_();
-  void on_raw_advertisement_(const ble_device_base::RawAdvertisement &raw);
+  void send_polled_scanner_state_();
 #endif
+  void on_raw_advertisement_(const ble_device_base::RawAdvertisement &raw);
 
   /// Caller must ensure api_connection_ is non-null and API server is connected.
   void flush_pending_advertisements_() {
     if (this->response_.advertisements_len == 0)
       return;
-    this->api_connection_->send_message(this->response_);
+    // Perishable and the highest-frequency send here: a drop only reports at
+    // V, anything louder would be the flood the batch pacing exists to avoid.
+    [[maybe_unused]] bool sent = this->api_connection_->send_message(this->response_);
 #if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
-    this->log_advertisement_flush_();
+    this->log_advertisement_flush_(sent);
 #endif
     this->response_.advertisements_len = 0;
   }
-  void log_advertisement_flush_();
+  void log_advertisement_flush_(bool sent);
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
   BluetoothConnection *get_connection_(uint64_t address, bool reserve);
-  void log_connection_request_ignored_(BluetoothConnection *connection, espbt::ClientState state);
+  void log_connection_request_ignored_(BluetoothConnection *connection, ClientState state);
   void log_connection_info_(BluetoothConnection *connection, const char *message);
-#endif
   void log_not_connected_gatt_(const char *action, const char *type);
   void handle_gatt_not_connected_(uint64_t address, uint16_t handle, const char *action, const char *type);
 
+  /// Keep the pre-allocated connections-free message in step when a
+  /// connection slot changes address (0 = free). Called from the connection
+  /// classes' set_address().
+  void update_address_slot_(uint64_t old_address, uint64_t new_address) {
+    auto &resp = this->connections_free_response_;
+    if (new_address == 0 && old_address != 0) {
+      if (resp.free < BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS) {
+        resp.free++;
+      } else {
+        this->log_slot_accounting_mismatch_();
+      }
+      this->replace_allocated_slot_(old_address, 0);
+    } else if (new_address != 0 && old_address == 0) {
+      if (resp.free > 0) {
+        resp.free--;
+      } else {
+        this->log_slot_accounting_mismatch_();
+      }
+      this->replace_allocated_slot_(0, new_address);
+    }
+  }
+  void replace_allocated_slot_(uint64_t find_value, uint64_t set_value);
+  void log_slot_accounting_mismatch_();
+  /// Free a connection slot after teardown: notify the API client and reset
+  /// the streaming cursor. Important: does NOT send send_gatt_services_done()
+  /// when service streaming was interrupted -- the client (aioesphomeapi) has
+  /// a 30-second timeout (DEFAULT_BLE_TIMEOUT) to detect incomplete service
+  /// discovery and retry, rather than being told a partial list is complete.
+  void reset_connection_slot_(BluetoothConnection *connection, conn_err_t reason);
+  /// Drop any owed freed-slot notification for this address (client reconnected).
+  void clear_pending_disconnection_(uint64_t address);
+  /// Send connected=false and pool it for the paced drain if refused. A
+  /// dropped disconnect desynchronises the proxy: the client keeps a link it
+  /// believes is live and every operation on it times out. Unsolicited and
+  /// drained notifications only; request answers use the variant below.
+  void send_device_disconnected_(uint64_t address, conn_err_t error = CONN_OK);
+  /// Answer a request with connected=false. Never pools: a refusal falls back
+  /// to the client's request timeout, keeping the pool for the unsolicited
+  /// notifications the client cannot recover on its own.
+  void answer_device_disconnected_(uint64_t address);
+  /// Pool a refused freed-slot notification for the paced drain.
+  void latch_pending_disconnection_(uint64_t address, conn_err_t error);
+#endif
+
+  /// Drop everything the ending session was owed. One list, so a new latch is
+  /// one edit rather than two call sites where an omission looks deliberate.
+  /// Drops state only, never sends: api_connection_ is the departing
+  /// subscriber on subscribe and nullptr on unsubscribe.
+  void reset_owed_replies_();
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+  /// Report a reply we deliberately do not latch, so no drop is silent.
+  void log_reply_dropped_(const char *what, uint64_t address);
+  /// A latched reply's leading edge; the drain's re-refusals stay quiet.
+  void log_reply_deferred_(const char *what, uint64_t address);
+  /// A latched reply lost to a newer one for a different address.
+  void log_reply_displaced_(const char *what, uint64_t owed, uint64_t address);
+#endif
+
   // Memory optimized layout for 32-bit systems
   // Group 1: Pointers (4 bytes each, naturally aligned)
   api::APIConnection *api_connection_{nullptr};
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
   // Group 2: Fixed-size array of connection pointers
   std::array<BluetoothConnection *, BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS> connections_{};
-#else
-  ble_device_base::BLEHub *hub_{nullptr};
+  // Address-keyed pool of owed freed-slot notifications; loop() resends.
+  // Proxy-only state, kept off BluetoothConnection; entries are not tied to
+  // slot indices.
+  std::array<PendingReply, BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS> pending_disconnections_{};
+  // Owed unpair reply. The bond is already gone when the send is refused, so
+  // a retry is told the unpair failed when it succeeded. One slot: a second
+  // refused unpair displaces the first, as happened to both before this.
+  PendingReply pending_unpairing_{};
 #endif
+  ble_device_base::BLEHub *hub_{nullptr};
+  // Group 3: 4-byte types; paired with hub_ so the 8-aligned messages below
+  // start on an even word, closing two alignment holes.
+  uint32_t last_advertisement_flush_time_{0};
 
   // BLE advertisement batching
   api::BluetoothLERawAdvertisementsResponse response_;
 
-  // Group 3: 4-byte types
-  uint32_t last_advertisement_flush_time_{0};
-
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
   // Pre-allocated response message - always ready to send
   api::BluetoothConnectionsFreeResponse connections_free_response_;
+#endif
 
   // Group 4: 1-byte types grouped together
   bool active_;
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+  // A dropped send (full TCP buffer) would leave the API client with a stale
+  // slot state forever; the cached response is current by construction, so
+  // retrying it from loop() is an idempotent resync.
+  bool connections_free_pending_{false};
   uint8_t connection_count_{0};
+#endif
   bool configured_scan_active_{false};  // Configured scan mode from YAML
-#ifndef USE_ESP32
+#ifdef USE_WIFI
+  /// Wi-Fi only: flush on every other non-empty tick (~200 ms) so partial
+  /// batches fill; an idle tick re-arms, so the first batch after a gap
+  /// still ships on the next tick. See loop().
+  bool adv_flush_toggle_{false};
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_BLE_SCANNER_STATE_CALLBACK
+  // A dropped push (full TX buffer) is re-queried from the hub and resent
+  // from loop(); the hub's current state is idempotent by construction.
+  bool scanner_state_pending_{false};
+#else
   bool last_scan_running_{false};  // Last scanner state reported to the subscriber
 #endif
 };
diff --git a/esphome/components/bm8563/time.py b/esphome/components/bm8563/time.py
index ba264f00bf..5ef162bb7c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bm8563/time.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bm8563/time.py
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, time
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_DURATION, CONF_ID
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -35,7 +38,12 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def bm8563_write_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def bm8563_write_time_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
@@ -52,7 +60,12 @@ async def bm8563_write_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def bm8563_start_timer_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def bm8563_start_timer_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_DURATION], args, cg.uint32)
@@ -70,13 +83,18 @@ async def bm8563_start_timer_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def bm8563_read_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def bm8563_read_time_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bme280_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bme280_base/__init__.py
index c37191bc07..287946801e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bme280_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bme280_base/__init__.py
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_HECTOPASCAL,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
 
@@ -84,7 +86,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
 
 
-async def to_code_base(config):
+async def to_code_base(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/bme280_i2c/sensor.py b/esphome/components/bme280_i2c/sensor.py
index 1c37033613..536e8ec794 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bme280_i2c/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bme280_i2c/sensor.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from ..bme280_base import CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE, to_code_base
 
@@ -17,6 +18,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE.extend(
 ).extend({cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BME280I2CComponent)})
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await to_code_base(config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bme280_spi/sensor.py b/esphome/components/bme280_spi/sensor.py
index 7f4fb5cf44..1d53fe25fa 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bme280_spi/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bme280_spi/sensor.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from ..bme280_base import CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE, to_code_base
 
@@ -19,6 +20,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE.extend(spi.spi_device_schema()).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await to_code_base(config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bme680/bme680.cpp b/esphome/components/bme680/bme680.cpp
index ef98174e06..164424de09 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bme680/bme680.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/bme680/bme680.cpp
@@ -327,10 +327,12 @@ void BME680Component::read_data_() {
 
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Got temperature=%.1f°C pressure=%.1fhPa humidity=%.1f%% gas_resistance=%.1fΩ", temperature, pressure,
            humidity, gas_resistance);
-  if (!gas_valid)
+  if (!gas_valid) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Gas measurement unsuccessful, reading invalid!");
-  if (!heat_stable)
+  }
+  if (!heat_stable) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Heater unstable, reading invalid! (Normal for a few readings after a power cycle)");
+  }
 
   if (this->temperature_sensor_ != nullptr)
     this->temperature_sensor_->publish_state(temperature);
diff --git a/esphome/components/bme680/sensor.py b/esphome/components/bme680/sensor.py
index f41aefcec3..dce5c88cfa 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bme680/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bme680/sensor.py
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_OHM,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -125,7 +126,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bme680_bsec/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bme680_bsec/__init__.py
index e1e01facd0..35df2a7ea3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bme680_bsec/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bme680_bsec/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import esp32, i2c
 from esphome.components.const import CONF_STATE_SAVE_INTERVAL
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_SAMPLE_RATE, CONF_TEMPERATURE_OFFSET, Framework
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@trvrnrth"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bme680_bsec/bme680_bsec.cpp b/esphome/components/bme680_bsec/bme680_bsec.cpp
index 823f32c446..8e16a28e33 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bme680_bsec/bme680_bsec.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/bme680_bsec/bme680_bsec.cpp
@@ -162,8 +162,9 @@ void BME680BSECComponent::dump_config() {
                 "  Supply Voltage: %sV\n"
                 "  Sample Rate: %s\n"
                 "  State Save Interval: %" PRIu32 "ms",
-                this->temperature_offset_, this->iaq_mode_ == IAQ_MODE_STATIC ? "Static" : "Mobile",
-                this->supply_voltage_ == SUPPLY_VOLTAGE_3V3 ? "3.3" : "1.8",
+                this->temperature_offset_,
+                this->iaq_mode_ == IAQ_MODE_STATIC ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("Static") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("Mobile"),
+                this->supply_voltage_ == SUPPLY_VOLTAGE_3V3 ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("3.3") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("1.8"),
                 BME680_BSEC_SAMPLE_RATE_LOG(this->sample_rate_), this->state_save_interval_ms_);
 
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Temperature", this->temperature_sensor_);
diff --git a/esphome/components/bme680_bsec/sensor.py b/esphome/components/bme680_bsec/sensor.py
index bdc8d8f2d3..153890b57f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bme680_bsec/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bme680_bsec/sensor.py
@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_BME680_BSEC_ID, SAMPLE_RATE_OPTIONS, BME680BSECComponent
 
@@ -110,7 +112,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def setup_conf(config, key, hub):
+async def setup_conf(config: ConfigType, key: str, hub: MockObj) -> None:
     if sensor_config := config.get(key):
         sens = await sensor.new_sensor(sensor_config)
         cg.add(getattr(hub, f"set_{key}_sensor")(sens))
@@ -120,7 +122,7 @@ async def setup_conf(config, key, hub):
             )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_BME680_BSEC_ID])
     for key in TYPES:
         await setup_conf(config, key, hub)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bme680_bsec/text_sensor.py b/esphome/components/bme680_bsec/text_sensor.py
index 1fbb9e2aeb..6da1c9d287 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bme680_bsec/text_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bme680_bsec/text_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_IAQ_ACCURACY
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_BME680_BSEC_ID, BME680BSECComponent
 
@@ -21,13 +23,13 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def setup_conf(config, key, hub):
+async def setup_conf(config: ConfigType, key: str, hub: MockObj) -> None:
     if sensor_config := config.get(key):
         sens = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(sensor_config)
         cg.add(getattr(hub, f"set_{key}_text_sensor")(sens))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_BME680_BSEC_ID])
     for key in TYPES:
         await setup_conf(config, key, hub)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/__init__.py
index 63f63c5da2..8208672b6a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import hashlib
 from pathlib import Path
 
 from esphome import core, external_files
@@ -12,6 +11,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_SAMPLE_RATE,
     CONF_TEMPERATURE_OFFSET,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.external_files import RemoteFile
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@neffs", "@kbx81"]
 CONFLICTS_WITH = ["bme680_bsec"]
@@ -74,11 +76,7 @@ VOLTAGE_FILE_NAME = {
 
 
 def _compute_local_file_path(url: str) -> Path:
-    h = hashlib.new("sha256")
-    h.update(url.encode())
-    key = h.hexdigest()[:8]
-    base_dir = external_files.compute_local_file_dir(DOMAIN)
-    return base_dir / key
+    return external_files.compute_local_file_path(DOMAIN, url)
 
 
 def _compute_url(config: dict) -> str:
@@ -97,7 +95,7 @@ def _compute_url(config: dict) -> str:
     return f"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/boschsensortec/Bosch-BSEC2-Library/{BSEC2_LIBRARY_VERSION}/src/config/{model}/{model}_{algo}_{volts}_{sample_rate}_{operating_age}/{filename}.txt"
 
 
-def download_bme68x_blob(config):
+def download_bme68x_blob(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     url = _compute_url(config)
     path = _compute_local_file_path(url)
     external_files.download_content(url, path)
@@ -105,7 +103,43 @@ def download_bme68x_blob(config):
     return config
 
 
-def validate_bme68x(config):
+# Shared by the schema and the prefetch hook so they cannot drift.
+_MODEL_VALIDATOR = cv.one_of(*MODEL_OPTIONS, lower=True)
+_ALGORITHM_OUTPUT_VALIDATOR = cv.enum(ALGORITHM_OUTPUT_OPTIONS, lower=True)
+# Key -> (validator, default) for the defaulted options that select the blob.
+_BLOB_OPTIONS = {
+    CONF_OPERATING_AGE: (cv.enum(OPERATING_AGE_OPTIONS, lower=True), "28d"),
+    CONF_SAMPLE_RATE: (cv.enum(SAMPLE_RATE_OPTIONS, upper=True), "LP"),
+    CONF_SUPPLY_VOLTAGE: (cv.enum(VOLTAGE_OPTIONS, upper=True), "3.3V"),
+}
+
+
+def _extract_blob_ref(entry: ConfigType) -> RemoteFile | None:
+    """Raw entry to its BSEC2 blob; None when a value is unrecognized.
+
+    Applies the schema defaults and validators read-only; skipped entries
+    are left to the schema validator.
+    """
+    try:
+        spec = {
+            key: validator(str(entry.get(key, default)))  # pylint: disable=not-callable
+            for key, (validator, default) in _BLOB_OPTIONS.items()
+        }
+        spec[CONF_MODEL] = _MODEL_VALIDATOR(str(entry.get(CONF_MODEL, "")))
+        if (algorithm_output := entry.get(CONF_ALGORITHM_OUTPUT)) is not None:
+            spec[CONF_ALGORITHM_OUTPUT] = _ALGORITHM_OUTPUT_VALIDATOR(
+                str(algorithm_output)
+            )
+    except cv.Invalid:
+        return None
+    url = _compute_url(spec)
+    return RemoteFile(url, _compute_local_file_path(url))
+
+
+PREFETCH_FILES = external_files.single_stage_prefetch(_extract_blob_ref)
+
+
+def validate_bme68x(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_ALGORITHM_OUTPUT not in config:
         return config
 
@@ -128,19 +162,12 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE = (
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BME68xBSEC2Component),
             cv.GenerateID(CONF_RAW_DATA_ID): cv.declare_id(cg.uint8),
-            cv.Required(CONF_MODEL): cv.one_of(*MODEL_OPTIONS, lower=True),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_ALGORITHM_OUTPUT): cv.enum(
-                ALGORITHM_OUTPUT_OPTIONS, lower=True
-            ),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_OPERATING_AGE, default="28d"): cv.enum(
-                OPERATING_AGE_OPTIONS, lower=True
-            ),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_SAMPLE_RATE, default="LP"): cv.enum(
-                SAMPLE_RATE_OPTIONS, upper=True
-            ),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_SUPPLY_VOLTAGE, default="3.3V"): cv.enum(
-                VOLTAGE_OPTIONS, upper=True
-            ),
+            cv.Required(CONF_MODEL): _MODEL_VALIDATOR,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ALGORITHM_OUTPUT): _ALGORITHM_OUTPUT_VALIDATOR,
+            **{
+                cv.Optional(key, default=default): validator
+                for key, (validator, default) in _BLOB_OPTIONS.items()
+            },
             cv.Optional(CONF_TEMPERATURE_OFFSET, default=0): cv.temperature_delta,
             cv.Optional(
                 CONF_STATE_SAVE_INTERVAL, default="6hours"
@@ -152,7 +179,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code_base(config):
+async def to_code_base(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/sensor.py b/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/sensor.py
index 52587dba99..863cd9d601 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/sensor.py
@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_BME68X_BSEC2_ID, SAMPLE_RATE_OPTIONS, BME68xBSEC2Component
 
@@ -119,7 +121,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def setup_conf(config, key, hub):
+async def setup_conf(config: ConfigType, key: str, hub: MockObj) -> None:
     if conf := config.get(key):
         sens = await sensor.new_sensor(conf)
         cg.add(getattr(hub, f"set_{key}_sensor")(sens))
@@ -127,7 +129,7 @@ async def setup_conf(config, key, hub):
             cg.add(getattr(hub, f"set_{key}_sample_rate")(sample_rate))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_BME68X_BSEC2_ID])
     for key in TYPES:
         await setup_conf(config, key, hub)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/text_sensor.py b/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/text_sensor.py
index fce00afe34..5c6f9f696c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/text_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/text_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_IAQ_ACCURACY
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_BME68X_BSEC2_ID, BME68xBSEC2Component
 
@@ -21,13 +23,13 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def setup_conf(config, key, hub):
+async def setup_conf(config: ConfigType, key: str, hub: MockObj) -> None:
     if conf := config.get(key):
         sens = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(conf)
         cg.add(getattr(hub, f"set_{key}_text_sensor")(sens))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_BME68X_BSEC2_ID])
     for key in TYPES:
         await setup_conf(config, key, hub)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2_i2c/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2_i2c/__init__.py
index c8ca0ba022..1da3bdbd6c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2_i2c/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2_i2c/__init__.py
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import i2c
+from esphome.components import bme68x_bsec2, i2c
 from esphome.components.bme68x_bsec2 import (
     CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE,
     BME68xBSEC2Component,
     to_code_base,
 )
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@neffs", "@kbx81"]
 
@@ -13,6 +14,11 @@ AUTO_LOAD = ["bme68x_bsec2"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 MULTI_CONF = True
 
+# The user-facing domain is this module (the base component only appears
+# via AUTO_LOAD), so the batch-download hook must be re-exported here to
+# take effect.
+PREFETCH_FILES = bme68x_bsec2.PREFETCH_FILES
+
 bme68x_bsec2_i2c_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("bme68x_bsec2_i2c")
 BME68xBSEC2I2CComponent = bme68x_bsec2_i2c_ns.class_(
     "BME68xBSEC2I2CComponent", BME68xBSEC2Component, i2c.I2CDevice
@@ -24,6 +30,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE.extend(
 ).extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x76))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await to_code_base(config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bmi160/sensor.py b/esphome/components/bmi160/sensor.py
index cc4037c1ee..4309f0a79f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bmi160/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bmi160/sensor.py
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_DEGREE_PER_SECOND,
     UNIT_METER_PER_SECOND_SQUARED,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bmi270/motion.py b/esphome/components/bmi270/motion.py
index c1616665f9..ad36e592d1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bmi270/motion.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bmi270/motion.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.components.const import (
 )
 from esphome.components.motion import motion_schema, new_motion_component
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import BMI270Component, bmi270_ns
 
@@ -79,7 +80,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 
 
 #  Code generation
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await new_motion_component(config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/bmi270/sensor.py b/esphome/components/bmi270/sensor.py
index 69235ed8dc..0e1b0604a3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bmi270/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bmi270/sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_BMI270_ID, BMI270Component
 
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = sensor.sensor_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_BMI270_ID])
     data = MockObj("data")
diff --git a/esphome/components/bmp085/sensor.py b/esphome/components/bmp085/sensor.py
index 6e51984e1f..e4e559844e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bmp085/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bmp085/sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_HECTOPASCAL,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bmp280_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bmp280_base/__init__.py
index d612920dd4..c0f0ae90bf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bmp280_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bmp280_base/__init__.py
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_HECTOPASCAL,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@ademuri"]
 
@@ -69,7 +71,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
 
 
-async def to_code_base(config):
+async def to_code_base(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/bmp280_i2c/sensor.py b/esphome/components/bmp280_i2c/sensor.py
index 3ff556d51a..8e3c14f50a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bmp280_i2c/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bmp280_i2c/sensor.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from ..bmp280_base import CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE, to_code_base
 
@@ -18,6 +19,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE.extend(
 ).extend({cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BMP280I2CComponent)})
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await to_code_base(config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bmp280_spi/sensor.py b/esphome/components/bmp280_spi/sensor.py
index b3678ec01d..d97a6ea579 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bmp280_spi/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bmp280_spi/sensor.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from ..bmp280_base import CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE, to_code_base
 
@@ -18,6 +19,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE.extend(
 ).extend({cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BMP280SPIComponent)})
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await to_code_base(config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bmp3xx_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bmp3xx_base/__init__.py
index c31db31761..75e168378e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bmp3xx_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bmp3xx_base/__init__.py
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_HECTOPASCAL,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@martgras", "@latonita"]
 
@@ -73,7 +75,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
 
 
-async def to_code_base(config):
+async def to_code_base(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/bmp3xx_i2c/sensor.py b/esphome/components/bmp3xx_i2c/sensor.py
index 6fed9fc9ee..46e50ea39f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bmp3xx_i2c/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bmp3xx_i2c/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from ..bmp3xx_base import CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE, cv, to_code_base
 
@@ -18,6 +19,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE.extend(
 ).extend({cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BMP3XXI2CComponent)})
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await to_code_base(config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bmp3xx_spi/sensor.py b/esphome/components/bmp3xx_spi/sensor.py
index 22aab71977..fb3580bbad 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bmp3xx_spi/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bmp3xx_spi/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from ..bmp3xx_base import CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE, cv, to_code_base
 
@@ -18,6 +19,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE.extend(spi.spi_device_schema()).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await to_code_base(config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bmp581_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bmp581_base/__init__.py
index 6a7cf45089..1c2c5c37d4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bmp581_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bmp581_base/__init__.py
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PASCAL,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kahrendt", "@danielkent-net"]
 
@@ -47,7 +49,7 @@ IIR_FILTER_OPTIONS = {
 BMP581Component = bmp581_ns.class_("BMP581Component", cg.PollingComponent)
 
 
-def compute_measurement_conversion_time(config):
+def compute_measurement_conversion_time(config: ConfigType) -> int:
     # - adds up sensor conversion time based on temperature and pressure oversampling rates given in datasheet
     # - returns a rounded up time in ms
 
@@ -132,7 +134,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
 
 
-async def to_code_base(config):
+async def to_code_base(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     if temperature_config := config.get(CONF_TEMPERATURE):
diff --git a/esphome/components/bmp581_i2c/sensor.py b/esphome/components/bmp581_i2c/sensor.py
index 42645022a6..b4cd00325d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bmp581_i2c/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bmp581_i2c/sensor.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from ..bmp581_base import CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE, to_code_base
 
@@ -18,6 +19,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE.extend(
 ).extend({cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BMP581I2CComponent)})
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await to_code_base(config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bmp581_spi/sensor.py b/esphome/components/bmp581_spi/sensor.py
index db0d0cd529..435c5cd6f9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bmp581_spi/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bmp581_spi/sensor.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi
 from esphome.components.spi import CONF_SPI_MODE
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from ..bmp581_base import CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE, to_code_base
 
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ BMP581SPIComponent = bmp581_ns.class_(
 )
 
 
-def check_spi_mode(config):
+def check_spi_mode(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     spi_mode = config.get(CONF_SPI_MODE)
     if spi_mode not in VALID_SPI_MODES:
         raise cv.Invalid("BMP581 only supports SPI mode 0 or mode 3")
@@ -43,6 +44,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await to_code_base(config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bp1658cj/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bp1658cj/__init__.py
index dc80c67b44..b45272d2ea 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bp1658cj/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bp1658cj/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CLOCK_PIN, CONF_DATA_PIN, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@Cossid"]
 MULTI_CONF = True
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/bp1658cj/output.py b/esphome/components/bp1658cj/output.py
index 78cf717aba..93e3c75daf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bp1658cj/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bp1658cj/output.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import BP1658CJ
 
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await output.register_output(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/bp5758d/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bp5758d/__init__.py
index af78b38ef5..fa4e8a231b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bp5758d/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bp5758d/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CLOCK_PIN, CONF_DATA_PIN, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@Cossid"]
 MULTI_CONF = True
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/bp5758d/output.py b/esphome/components/bp5758d/output.py
index 9adf13de55..bbca7c18cc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bp5758d/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bp5758d/output.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_CURRENT, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import BP5758D
 
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await output.register_output(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/bthome_mithermometer/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bthome_mithermometer/__init__.py
index 8ce216da22..ed0cbaa9e1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bthome_mithermometer/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bthome_mithermometer/__init__.py
@@ -1,24 +1,28 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_BINDKEY, CONF_ID, CONF_MAC_ADDRESS
 from esphome.core import HexInt
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@nagyrobi"]
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base"]
 
-BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA = esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA
 
 bthome_mithermometer_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("bthome_mithermometer")
 BTHomeMiThermometer = bthome_mithermometer_ns.class_(
-    "BTHomeMiThermometer", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "BTHomeMiThermometer", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
 
-def bthome_mithermometer_base_schema(extra_schema=None):
+def bthome_mithermometer_base_schema(
+    extra_schema: cv.Schema | dict | None = None,
+) -> cv.All:
     if extra_schema is None:
         extra_schema = {}
-    return (
+    return cv.All(
+        ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("bthome_mithermometer"),
         cv.Schema(
             {
                 cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(BTHomeMiThermometer),
@@ -26,15 +30,15 @@ def bthome_mithermometer_base_schema(extra_schema=None):
                 cv.Optional(CONF_BINDKEY): cv.bind_key,
             }
         )
-        .extend(BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
         .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
         .extend(extra_schema)
+        .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
     )
 
 
-async def setup_bthome_mithermometer(var, config):
+async def setup_bthome_mithermometer(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
     if bindkey := config.get(CONF_BINDKEY):
         bindkey_bytes = [
diff --git a/esphome/components/bthome_mithermometer/bthome_ble.cpp b/esphome/components/bthome_mithermometer/bthome_ble.cpp
index 66f147c266..1ebabea0a3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bthome_mithermometer/bthome_ble.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/bthome_mithermometer/bthome_ble.cpp
@@ -8,13 +8,20 @@
 #include <cstring>
 #include <span>
 
+// AES-CCM backend for encrypted-advertisement (bindkey) decryption:
+//   - ESP32 + ESP-IDF >= 6.0 -> PSA crypto (psa_aead_decrypt), hardware-backed.
+//   - every other platform   -> the portable software AES-CCM in ble_device_base, so
+//     decryption never depends on the SDK exposing mbedtls/PSA to application code
+//     (e.g. LibreTiny beken-72xx keeps its mbedtls internal). Works on any BLE platform.
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 #include <esp_idf_version.h>
 #if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(6, 0, 0)
 #include <psa/crypto.h>
-#else
-#include "mbedtls/ccm.h"
+#define BTHOME_CRYPTO_PSA
+#endif
+#endif
+#ifndef BTHOME_CRYPTO_PSA
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_aes_ccm.h"
 #endif
 
 namespace esphome::bthome_mithermometer {
@@ -157,7 +164,7 @@ void BTHomeMiThermometer::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Signal Strength", this->signal_strength_);
 }
 
-bool BTHomeMiThermometer::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool BTHomeMiThermometer::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   bool matched = false;
   for (auto &service_data : device.get_service_datas()) {
     if (this->handle_service_data_(service_data, device)) {
@@ -204,7 +211,7 @@ bool BTHomeMiThermometer::decrypt_bthome_payload_(const std::vector<uint8_t> &da
   const uint8_t *ciphertext = data.data() + 1;
   const uint8_t *mic = data.data() + data.size() - BTHOME_MIC_SIZE;
 
-#if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(6, 0, 0)
+#if defined(BTHOME_CRYPTO_PSA)
   // PSA AEAD expects ciphertext + tag concatenated
   // BLE advertisement max payload is 31 bytes, so this is always sufficient
   static constexpr size_t MAX_CT_WITH_TAG = 32;
@@ -236,29 +243,18 @@ bool BTHomeMiThermometer::decrypt_bthome_payload_(const std::vector<uint8_t> &da
     return false;
   }
 #else
-  mbedtls_ccm_context ctx;
-  mbedtls_ccm_init(&ctx);
-
-  int ret = mbedtls_ccm_setkey(&ctx, MBEDTLS_CIPHER_ID_AES, this->bindkey_, BTHOME_BINDKEY_SIZE * 8);
-  if (ret) {
-    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "mbedtls_ccm_setkey() failed.");
-    mbedtls_ccm_free(&ctx);
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  ret = mbedtls_ccm_auth_decrypt(&ctx, ciphertext_size, nonce.data(), nonce.size(), nullptr, 0, ciphertext,
-                                 payload.data(), mic, BTHOME_MIC_SIZE);
-  mbedtls_ccm_free(&ctx);
-  if (ret) {
-    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "BTHome decryption failed (ret=%d).", ret);
+  // Portable software AES-CCM (ble_device_base) — no SDK mbedtls/PSA dependency.
+  if (!ble_device_base::aes_ccm_auth_decrypt(this->bindkey_, nonce.data(), nonce.size(), nullptr, 0, ciphertext,
+                                             ciphertext_size, payload.data(), mic, BTHOME_MIC_SIZE)) {
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "BTHome decryption failed.");
     return false;
   }
 #endif
   return true;
 }
 
-bool BTHomeMiThermometer::handle_service_data_(const esp32_ble_tracker::ServiceData &service_data,
-                                               const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool BTHomeMiThermometer::handle_service_data_(const ble_device_base::ServiceData &service_data,
+                                               const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (!service_data.uuid.contains(0xD2, 0xFC)) {
     return false;
   }
@@ -439,5 +435,3 @@ bool BTHomeMiThermometer::handle_service_data_(const esp32_ble_tracker::ServiceD
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::bthome_mithermometer
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/bthome_mithermometer/bthome_ble.h b/esphome/components/bthome_mithermometer/bthome_ble.h
index 924858e449..4a95311557 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bthome_mithermometer/bthome_ble.h
+++ b/esphome/components/bthome_mithermometer/bthome_ble.h
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 
@@ -8,11 +8,12 @@
 #include <initializer_list>
 #include <vector>
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
+// No platform #ifdef: ble_device_base provides the BLE types on every platform; this
+// component is only compiled when configured (which requires a BLE hub). bindkey (AES-CCM)
+// decryption availability is selected per platform in the .cpp.
 namespace esphome::bthome_mithermometer {
 
-class BTHomeMiThermometer final : public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener, public Component {
+class BTHomeMiThermometer final : public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener, public Component {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { this->address_ = address; }
   void set_bindkey(std::initializer_list<uint8_t> bindkey);
@@ -24,11 +25,11 @@ class BTHomeMiThermometer final : public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener,
   void set_signal_strength(sensor::Sensor *signal_strength) { this->signal_strength_ = signal_strength; }
 
   void dump_config() override;
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
 
  protected:
-  bool handle_service_data_(const esp32_ble_tracker::ServiceData &service_data,
-                            const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device);
+  bool handle_service_data_(const ble_device_base::ServiceData &service_data,
+                            const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device);
   bool decrypt_bthome_payload_(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data, uint64_t source_address,
                                std::vector<uint8_t> &payload) const;
 
@@ -45,5 +46,3 @@ class BTHomeMiThermometer final : public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener,
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::bthome_mithermometer
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/bthome_mithermometer/sensor.py b/esphome/components/bthome_mithermometer/sensor.py
index 9b50866db0..f559d0aa9b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bthome_mithermometer/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bthome_mithermometer/sensor.py
@@ -20,12 +20,13 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PERCENT,
     UNIT_VOLT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import bthome_mithermometer_base_schema, setup_bthome_mithermometer
 
-CODEOWNERS = ["@nagyrobi"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base"]
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
+CODEOWNERS = ["@nagyrobi"]
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = bthome_mithermometer_base_schema(
     {
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = bthome_mithermometer_base_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await setup_bthome_mithermometer(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/button/__init__.py b/esphome/components/button/__init__.py
index a4245f43e6..ee24002b8a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/button/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/button/__init__.py
@@ -16,14 +16,15 @@ from esphome.const import (
     DEVICE_CLASS_RESTART,
     DEVICE_CLASS_UPDATE,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import (
     entity_duplicate_validator,
     queue_entity_register,
     setup_device_class,
     setup_entity,
 )
-from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, MockObjClass, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType, SafeExpType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
 IS_PLATFORM_COMPONENT = True
@@ -88,7 +89,7 @@ _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
 
 
 @setup_entity("button")
-async def setup_button_core_(var, config):
+async def setup_button_core_(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await automation.build_callback_automations(var, config, _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS)
 
     setup_device_class(config)
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ async def setup_button_core_(var, config):
         await web_server.add_entity_config(var, web_server_config)
 
 
-async def register_button(var, config):
+async def register_button(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if not CORE.has_id(config[CONF_ID]):
         var = cg.Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], var)
     queue_entity_register("button", config)
@@ -109,7 +110,7 @@ async def register_button(var, config):
     await setup_button_core_(var, config)
 
 
-async def new_button(config, *args):
+async def new_button(config: ConfigType, *args: SafeExpType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], *args)
     await register_button(var, config)
     return var
@@ -125,11 +126,16 @@ BUTTON_PRESS_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
 @automation.register_action(
     "button.press", PressAction, BUTTON_PRESS_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
-async def button_press_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def button_press_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.CORE)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_global(button_ns.using)
diff --git a/esphome/components/camera/camera.h b/esphome/components/camera/camera.h
index bf80b42e54..433361d298 100644
--- a/esphome/components/camera/camera.h
+++ b/esphome/components/camera/camera.h
@@ -103,7 +103,8 @@ struct CameraImageSpec {
 /** Abstract camera base class. Collaborates with API.
  *  1) API server starts and registers as a listener (add_listener)
  *     to receive new images from the camera.
- *  2) New API client connects and creates a new image reader (create_image_reader).
+ *  2) API connection creates an image reader (create_image_reader) when it receives
+ *     the first image it will send.
  *  3) API connection receives protobuf CameraImageRequest and calls request_image.
  *  3.a) API connection receives protobuf CameraImageRequest and calls start_stream.
  *  4) Camera implementation provides JPEG data in the CameraImage and notifies listeners.
diff --git a/esphome/components/canbus/__init__.py b/esphome/components/canbus/__init__.py
index fcd342ad38..b7de235dd1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/canbus/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/canbus/__init__.py
@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 import re
+from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_DATA, CONF_ID, CONF_TRIGGER_ID
 from esphome.core import CORE, ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@mvturnho", "@danielschramm"]
 IS_PLATFORM_COMPONENT = True
@@ -18,7 +21,7 @@ CONF_BIT_RATE = "bit_rate"
 CONF_ON_FRAME = "on_frame"
 
 
-def validate_id(config):
+def validate_id(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_CAN_ID in config:
         can_id = config[CONF_CAN_ID]
         id_ext = config[CONF_USE_EXTENDED_ID]
@@ -27,7 +30,7 @@ def validate_id(config):
     return config
 
 
-def validate_raw_data(value):
+def validate_raw_data(value: Any) -> bytes | list:
     if isinstance(value, str):
         return value.encode("utf-8")
     if isinstance(value, list):
@@ -71,7 +74,7 @@ CAN_SPEEDS = {
 }
 
 
-def get_rate(value):
+def get_rate(value: str) -> int:
     match = re.match(r"(\d+)(?:K(\d+)?)?BPS", value, re.IGNORECASE)
     if not match:
         raise ValueError(f"Invalid rate format: {value}")
@@ -103,7 +106,7 @@ CANBUS_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 CANBUS_SCHEMA.add_extra(validate_id)
 
 
-async def setup_canbus_core_(var, config):
+async def setup_canbus_core_(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     cg.add(var.set_can_id([config[CONF_CAN_ID]]))
     cg.add(var.set_use_extended_id([config[CONF_USE_EXTENDED_ID]]))
@@ -134,7 +137,7 @@ async def setup_canbus_core_(var, config):
         )
 
 
-async def register_canbus(var, config):
+async def register_canbus(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if not CORE.has_id(config[CONF_ID]):
         var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], var)
     await setup_canbus_core_(var, config)
@@ -157,7 +160,12 @@ async def register_canbus(var, config):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def canbus_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def canbus_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_CANBUS_ID])
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/cap1188/__init__.py b/esphome/components/cap1188/__init__.py
index cde9dd46ae..eff0a05163 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cap1188/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/cap1188/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_RESET_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_TOUCH_THRESHOLD = "touch_threshold"
 CONF_ALLOW_MULTIPLE_TOUCHES = "allow_multiple_touches"
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_touch_threshold(config[CONF_TOUCH_THRESHOLD]))
     cg.add(var.set_allow_multiple_touches(config[CONF_ALLOW_MULTIPLE_TOUCHES]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/cap1188/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/cap1188/binary_sensor.py
index b7af53638a..21fd98ed41 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cap1188/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/cap1188/binary_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_CAP1188_ID, CAP1188Component, cap1188_ns
 
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(CAP1188Channel).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_CAP1188_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_channel(config[CONF_CHANNEL]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/captive_portal/__init__.py b/esphome/components/captive_portal/__init__.py
index d62c718097..e490d89062 100644
--- a/esphome/components/captive_portal/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/captive_portal/__init__.py
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     full_config = fv.full_config.get()
     wifi_conf = full_config.get("wifi")
 
@@ -88,14 +88,12 @@ def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     socket.consume_sockets(3, "captive_portal")(config)
     socket.consume_sockets(1, "captive_portal", socket.SocketType.UDP)(config)
 
-    return config
-
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.CAPTIVE_PORTAL)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_WEB_SERVER_BASE_ID])
 
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], paren)
diff --git a/esphome/components/captive_portal/captive_index.h b/esphome/components/captive_portal/captive_index.h
index a25ac8d010..84d79a6c66 100644
--- a/esphome/components/captive_portal/captive_index.h
+++ b/esphome/components/captive_portal/captive_index.h
@@ -7,146 +7,146 @@ namespace esphome::captive_portal {
 
 #ifdef USE_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_GZIP
 constexpr uint8_t INDEX_GZ[] PROGMEM = {
-    0x1f, 0x8b, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x95, 0x16, 0x6b, 0x8f, 0xdb, 0x36, 0xf2, 0x7b, 0x7f,
-    0x05, 0x8f, 0x4d, 0x1b, 0xa9, 0xb1, 0xa8, 0x87, 0xd7, 0xde, 0x44, 0x96, 0x54, 0xa4, 0x7b, 0x2d, 0x5a, 0xa0, 0x69,
-    0x03, 0xec, 0x36, 0xf7, 0x21, 0x08, 0xb0, 0x34, 0x39, 0xb2, 0x98, 0xa5, 0x48, 0x1d, 0x49, 0xbf, 0x62, 0xf8, 0x7e,
-    0xfb, 0x81, 0x92, 0xec, 0xf5, 0x2e, 0x9a, 0x03, 0x0e, 0x86, 0x85, 0x19, 0xce, 0x7b, 0x38, 0x0f, 0x16, 0xff, 0xe0,
-    0x9a, 0xb9, 0x7d, 0x07, 0xa8, 0x71, 0xad, 0xac, 0x0a, 0xff, 0x45, 0x92, 0xaa, 0x55, 0x09, 0xaa, 0x2a, 0x1a, 0xa0,
-    0xbc, 0x2a, 0x5a, 0x70, 0x14, 0xb1, 0x86, 0x1a, 0x0b, 0xae, 0xfc, 0xeb, 0xee, 0x97, 0xe8, 0x75, 0x55, 0x48, 0xa1,
-    0x1e, 0x90, 0x01, 0x59, 0x0a, 0xa6, 0x15, 0x6a, 0x0c, 0xd4, 0x25, 0xa7, 0x8e, 0xe6, 0xa2, 0xa5, 0x2b, 0x18, 0x45,
-    0x14, 0x6d, 0xa1, 0xdc, 0x08, 0xd8, 0x76, 0xda, 0x38, 0xc4, 0xb4, 0x72, 0xa0, 0x5c, 0x89, 0xb7, 0x82, 0xbb, 0xa6,
-    0xe4, 0xb0, 0x11, 0x0c, 0xa2, 0x1e, 0x99, 0x08, 0x25, 0x9c, 0xa0, 0x32, 0xb2, 0x8c, 0x4a, 0x28, 0xd3, 0xc9, 0xda,
-    0x82, 0xe9, 0x11, 0xba, 0x94, 0x50, 0x2a, 0x8d, 0xab, 0xc2, 0x32, 0x23, 0x3a, 0x87, 0xbc, 0xab, 0x65, 0xab, 0xf9,
-    0x5a, 0x42, 0x15, 0xc7, 0xd4, 0x5a, 0x70, 0x36, 0x16, 0x8a, 0xc3, 0x8e, 0xd0, 0x6b, 0xb8, 0xa6, 0x2c, 0x4d, 0xc8,
-    0x67, 0xfb, 0x0d, 0xd7, 0x6c, 0xdd, 0x82, 0x72, 0x44, 0x6a, 0x46, 0x9d, 0xd0, 0x8a, 0x58, 0xa0, 0x86, 0x35, 0x65,
-    0x59, 0xe2, 0x1f, 0x2d, 0xdd, 0x00, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0xfb, 0xe0, 0xcc, 0xb4, 0x02, 0xf7, 0xb3, 0x04, 0x0f, 0xda, 0x9f,
-    0xf6, 0x77, 0x74, 0xf5, 0x07, 0x6d, 0x21, 0xc0, 0xd4, 0x0a, 0x0e, 0x38, 0xfc, 0x98, 0x7c, 0x22, 0xd6, 0xed, 0x25,
-    0x10, 0x2e, 0x6c, 0x27, 0xe9, 0xbe, 0xc4, 0x4b, 0xa9, 0xd9, 0x03, 0x0e, 0x17, 0xf5, 0x5a, 0x31, 0xaf, 0x1c, 0xe9,
-    0x00, 0xc2, 0x83, 0x04, 0x87, 0x5c, 0xf9, 0x8e, 0xba, 0x86, 0xb4, 0x74, 0x17, 0x0c, 0x80, 0x50, 0x41, 0xf6, 0x43,
-    0x00, 0xaf, 0xd2, 0x24, 0x09, 0x27, 0xfd, 0x27, 0x09, 0xe3, 0x34, 0x49, 0x16, 0x06, 0xdc, 0xda, 0x28, 0x44, 0x83,
-    0xfb, 0xa2, 0xa3, 0xae, 0x41, 0xbc, 0xc4, 0xef, 0xd2, 0x0c, 0xa5, 0x6f, 0x48, 0x36, 0xfb, 0x9d, 0x5c, 0xa3, 0x2b,
-    0x92, 0xcd, 0xd8, 0x75, 0x34, 0x43, 0xe9, 0x55, 0x34, 0x43, 0x59, 0x46, 0x66, 0x28, 0xf9, 0x82, 0x51, 0x2d, 0xa4,
-    0x2c, 0xb1, 0xd2, 0x0a, 0x30, 0xb2, 0xce, 0xe8, 0x07, 0x28, 0x31, 0x5b, 0x1b, 0x03, 0xca, 0xdd, 0x68, 0xa9, 0x0d,
-    0x8e, 0xab, 0x6f, 0xfe, 0x2f, 0x85, 0xce, 0x50, 0x65, 0x6b, 0x6d, 0xda, 0x12, 0xf7, 0xd9, 0x0f, 0x5e, 0x1c, 0xdc,
-    0x11, 0xf9, 0x4f, 0x78, 0x41, 0x8c, 0xb4, 0x11, 0x2b, 0xa1, 0x4a, 0xec, 0x35, 0xbe, 0xc6, 0x71, 0x75, 0x1f, 0x1e,
-    0xcf, 0xd1, 0x53, 0x1f, 0xfd, 0x18, 0x0f, 0x0f, 0x3e, 0xde, 0x17, 0x76, 0xb3, 0x42, 0xbb, 0x56, 0x2a, 0x5b, 0xe2,
-    0xc6, 0xb9, 0x2e, 0x8f, 0xe3, 0xed, 0x76, 0x4b, 0xb6, 0x53, 0xa2, 0xcd, 0x2a, 0xce, 0x92, 0x24, 0x89, 0xed, 0x66,
-    0x85, 0xd1, 0x50, 0x08, 0x38, 0xbb, 0xc2, 0xa8, 0x01, 0xb1, 0x6a, 0x5c, 0x0f, 0x57, 0x2f, 0x0e, 0x70, 0x2c, 0x3c,
-    0x47, 0x75, 0xff, 0xe9, 0xc2, 0x8a, 0xb9, 0xb0, 0x02, 0x3f, 0xd2, 0x00, 0x9f, 0xc2, 0x7c, 0xd9, 0x87, 0x79, 0x4d,
-    0x33, 0x94, 0xa1, 0xa4, 0xff, 0x65, 0x91, 0x87, 0x47, 0x2c, 0x7a, 0x86, 0xa1, 0x0b, 0xcc, 0x43, 0xed, 0x3c, 0x7a,
-    0x73, 0x96, 0x4d, 0xfd, 0xc9, 0x26, 0x4d, 0x1e, 0x0f, 0xbc, 0xc0, 0xaf, 0xf3, 0x4b, 0x3c, 0xca, 0x3e, 0x5c, 0x32,
-    0x78, 0x6b, 0x4d, 0xfa, 0x61, 0x4e, 0x67, 0x68, 0x36, 0x9e, 0xcc, 0x22, 0x0f, 0x9f, 0x31, 0x34, 0xdb, 0x64, 0x4d,
-    0xda, 0x46, 0xf3, 0x68, 0x46, 0xa7, 0x68, 0x3a, 0x3a, 0x32, 0x45, 0xd3, 0x4d, 0xd6, 0xcc, 0x3f, 0xcc, 0x2f, 0xcf,
-    0xa2, 0xe9, 0x97, 0x97, 0x71, 0x85, 0xc3, 0x1c, 0xe3, 0xc7, 0xc8, 0xf9, 0x65, 0xe4, 0xe4, 0xb3, 0x16, 0x2a, 0xc0,
-    0x38, 0x3c, 0xd6, 0xe0, 0x58, 0x13, 0xe0, 0x98, 0x69, 0x55, 0x8b, 0x15, 0xf9, 0x6c, 0xb5, 0xc2, 0x21, 0x71, 0x0d,
-    0xa8, 0xe0, 0x24, 0xea, 0x05, 0xa1, 0xa7, 0x04, 0xcf, 0x29, 0x2e, 0x3c, 0x9c, 0xeb, 0xdf, 0x09, 0x27, 0xa1, 0x74,
-    0xc4, 0x37, 0xec, 0xe4, 0x6f, 0xba, 0xe2, 0xa7, 0xfd, 0x6f, 0x3c, 0xc0, 0x2d, 0x65, 0x38, 0x24, 0x42, 0x29, 0x30,
-    0x77, 0xb0, 0x73, 0x25, 0x7e, 0xf7, 0xf6, 0x06, 0xbd, 0xe5, 0xdc, 0x80, 0xb5, 0x39, 0xc2, 0xaf, 0x1c, 0x69, 0x29,
-    0xfb, 0xba, 0x78, 0x93, 0x3e, 0x95, 0xfe, 0x97, 0xf8, 0x45, 0xa0, 0x3f, 0xc0, 0x6d, 0xb5, 0x79, 0x18, 0xe5, 0xbd,
-    0xfd, 0x85, 0x6f, 0x23, 0x56, 0x7e, 0x55, 0x8d, 0x02, 0x87, 0xc3, 0x89, 0xf8, 0x3a, 0x83, 0xb5, 0x82, 0xe3, 0x70,
-    0x22, 0xbf, 0xce, 0xd1, 0x59, 0xdf, 0xbc, 0x8e, 0xd0, 0xce, 0x12, 0x2b, 0x05, 0x83, 0x20, 0x0d, 0x49, 0xad, 0xcd,
-    0xcf, 0x94, 0x35, 0x8f, 0x09, 0xb2, 0x43, 0x47, 0xab, 0x47, 0x3d, 0xcc, 0x00, 0x75, 0x30, 0xaa, 0x0a, 0x30, 0x17,
-    0x1b, 0x1c, 0x2e, 0x14, 0x61, 0x92, 0x5a, 0xeb, 0x47, 0x46, 0xe9, 0x9d, 0xf3, 0xe1, 0xe0, 0x89, 0x1a, 0x22, 0xfd,
-    0xf5, 0xee, 0xdd, 0xef, 0xe5, 0x7d, 0x41, 0x87, 0x01, 0x89, 0xbf, 0xc5, 0xa8, 0x67, 0x3e, 0x33, 0x46, 0x12, 0x6a,
-    0xe7, 0x2b, 0x5e, 0x07, 0x96, 0x18, 0x6b, 0x45, 0x78, 0x2c, 0x6c, 0x47, 0xd5, 0x73, 0xb6, 0x3e, 0xa6, 0xaa, 0x88,
-    0x3d, 0xad, 0x2a, 0x62, 0x5a, 0xbd, 0x38, 0x98, 0xc0, 0xfa, 0xe1, 0xf6, 0x10, 0x1e, 0xef, 0x27, 0x8a, 0xfc, 0x7b,
-    0x0d, 0x66, 0x7f, 0x0b, 0x12, 0x98, 0xd3, 0x26, 0xc0, 0xe4, 0x89, 0x60, 0x48, 0x1c, 0xec, 0xdc, 0xcd, 0x38, 0x7f,
-    0x2d, 0xf1, 0x87, 0x13, 0x45, 0xb4, 0x62, 0x52, 0xb0, 0x87, 0xf2, 0x1c, 0x71, 0x78, 0x10, 0x64, 0x43, 0xe5, 0x1a,
-    0x4e, 0x3c, 0x92, 0xd4, 0x9a, 0xad, 0x6d, 0x10, 0x1e, 0x27, 0x8c, 0xd0, 0xae, 0x03, 0xc5, 0x6f, 0x1a, 0x21, 0x79,
-    0xa0, 0xc2, 0x63, 0xf8, 0x78, 0xd3, 0xcf, 0x8c, 0xfb, 0xd5, 0xf0, 0xd1, 0x80, 0xfc, 0x4f, 0xf9, 0xd2, 0x2f, 0x87,
-    0x97, 0x9f, 0x70, 0x48, 0xfa, 0xf8, 0xef, 0x1f, 0x37, 0x84, 0x6f, 0xef, 0x57, 0xbb, 0x56, 0x4e, 0x7c, 0xe8, 0xd1,
-    0x7c, 0x16, 0x1e, 0xef, 0x8f, 0xe1, 0x31, 0x5c, 0x14, 0xf1, 0x30, 0xe7, 0xab, 0xa2, 0x1f, 0xb9, 0xd5, 0x0f, 0x87,
-    0xa5, 0xde, 0x45, 0x56, 0x7c, 0x11, 0x6a, 0x95, 0x0b, 0xd5, 0x80, 0x11, 0xee, 0xc8, 0xc5, 0x66, 0x22, 0x54, 0xb7,
-    0x76, 0x87, 0x8e, 0x72, 0xee, 0x29, 0xb3, 0x6e, 0xb7, 0xa8, 0xb5, 0x72, 0x9e, 0x13, 0xf2, 0x14, 0xda, 0xe3, 0x40,
-    0xef, 0x27, 0x4c, 0xfe, 0x66, 0xf6, 0xdd, 0x71, 0xa9, 0xf9, 0xfe, 0xe0, 0xd3, 0x10, 0x51, 0x29, 0x56, 0x2a, 0x67,
-    0xa0, 0x1c, 0x98, 0x41, 0xa8, 0xa6, 0xad, 0x90, 0xfb, 0xdc, 0x52, 0x65, 0x23, 0x0b, 0x46, 0xd4, 0xc7, 0xe5, 0xda,
-    0x39, 0xad, 0x0e, 0x4b, 0x6d, 0x38, 0x98, 0x3c, 0x59, 0x0c, 0x40, 0x64, 0x28, 0x17, 0x6b, 0x9b, 0x93, 0xa9, 0x81,
-    0x76, 0xb1, 0xa4, 0xec, 0x61, 0x65, 0xf4, 0x5a, 0xf1, 0x88, 0xf9, 0xc9, 0x9b, 0x7f, 0x9b, 0xd6, 0x74, 0x0a, 0x6c,
-    0x31, 0x62, 0x75, 0x5d, 0x2f, 0xa4, 0x50, 0x10, 0x0d, 0xb3, 0x2d, 0xcf, 0xc8, 0x95, 0x17, 0xbb, 0x70, 0x93, 0x64,
-    0xfe, 0x60, 0xf0, 0x31, 0x4d, 0x92, 0xef, 0x16, 0xa7, 0x70, 0x92, 0x05, 0x5b, 0x1b, 0xab, 0x4d, 0xde, 0x69, 0xe1,
-    0xdd, 0x3c, 0xb6, 0x54, 0xa8, 0x4b, 0xef, 0x7d, 0xd9, 0x2c, 0xc6, 0x75, 0x94, 0x0b, 0xd5, 0x9b, 0xe9, 0x97, 0xd2,
-    0xa2, 0x15, 0x6a, 0xd8, 0xa9, 0x79, 0x36, 0x4f, 0xba, 0xdd, 0xf1, 0x54, 0x09, 0x87, 0x13, 0x77, 0x2d, 0x61, 0xb7,
-    0xf8, 0xbc, 0xb6, 0x4e, 0xd4, 0xfb, 0x68, 0xdc, 0xc9, 0xb9, 0xed, 0x28, 0x83, 0x68, 0x09, 0x6e, 0x0b, 0xa0, 0x16,
-    0xbd, 0x8d, 0x48, 0x38, 0x68, 0xed, 0x98, 0xa7, 0xb3, 0x9a, 0xbe, 0x60, 0x9f, 0xea, 0xfa, 0x5f, 0xdc, 0xbe, 0x8a,
-    0x0e, 0x2d, 0x35, 0x2b, 0xa1, 0xa2, 0xa5, 0x76, 0x4e, 0xb7, 0x79, 0x74, 0xdd, 0xed, 0x16, 0xe3, 0x91, 0x57, 0x96,
-    0xa7, 0xde, 0xcd, 0x7e, 0xd7, 0x9e, 0xf2, 0x9d, 0x76, 0x3b, 0x64, 0xb5, 0x14, 0x7c, 0xe4, 0xeb, 0x59, 0x50, 0x72,
-    0x4e, 0x4f, 0x3a, 0xeb, 0x76, 0xc8, 0x9f, 0x9d, 0x52, 0x7d, 0x55, 0xbf, 0xa6, 0x69, 0xf2, 0x37, 0x37, 0xc2, 0xeb,
-    0x3a, 0x5b, 0xd6, 0xe7, 0x4c, 0xf9, 0xb5, 0xe9, 0x57, 0x4b, 0x5f, 0x5a, 0x45, 0x3c, 0xbc, 0x6e, 0x7c, 0x65, 0x54,
-    0x85, 0xcf, 0x70, 0x55, 0x34, 0x29, 0x12, 0xbc, 0x6c, 0x29, 0xab, 0x2e, 0x66, 0x5b, 0x11, 0x37, 0xe9, 0x89, 0xd4,
-    0xa4, 0xd5, 0x93, 0xb9, 0x35, 0xd0, 0x7a, 0xef, 0xab, 0x1b, 0xad, 0x14, 0x30, 0x27, 0xd4, 0x0a, 0x39, 0x8d, 0xc6,
-    0x14, 0x10, 0x42, 0x8a, 0xa5, 0xa9, 0xde, 0x4b, 0xa0, 0x16, 0xd0, 0x96, 0x0a, 0x47, 0x8a, 0x78, 0xe0, 0x1f, 0x3a,
-    0x5d, 0xf0, 0x52, 0x81, 0x3b, 0xf7, 0x76, 0x33, 0x1d, 0x0c, 0xdc, 0x82, 0xf3, 0x9a, 0xbc, 0x81, 0x69, 0x55, 0xf8,
-    0x15, 0x8c, 0x68, 0xdf, 0xa5, 0x65, 0xbc, 0x15, 0xb5, 0xf0, 0x4f, 0x98, 0xaa, 0xe8, 0x8b, 0xdc, 0x6b, 0xf0, 0x79,
-    0x1e, 0x9e, 0x5b, 0x3d, 0x24, 0x41, 0xad, 0x5c, 0x53, 0x4e, 0x33, 0xd4, 0x49, 0xca, 0xa0, 0xd1, 0x92, 0x83, 0x29,
-    0x6f, 0x6f, 0x7f, 0xfb, 0x67, 0xe5, 0x9d, 0x79, 0x94, 0xeb, 0xec, 0xc3, 0x20, 0xe6, 0x81, 0x51, 0x6a, 0x7e, 0x35,
-    0x3c, 0xb2, 0x3a, 0x6a, 0xed, 0x56, 0x1b, 0xfe, 0x44, 0xc7, 0xfb, 0xf1, 0x70, 0xd0, 0xd3, 0xff, 0xfb, 0x56, 0xa9,
-    0x6e, 0xe9, 0x06, 0x8a, 0x78, 0x44, 0x8a, 0xd8, 0x3b, 0x3c, 0xd0, 0x9b, 0x91, 0xaf, 0x49, 0xab, 0x3f, 0xef, 0xde,
-    0xa2, 0xbf, 0x3a, 0x4e, 0x1d, 0x0c, 0x69, 0xeb, 0xa3, 0x6a, 0xc1, 0x35, 0x9a, 0x97, 0xef, 0xff, 0xbc, 0xbd, 0x3b,
-    0x47, 0xb8, 0xee, 0x99, 0x10, 0x28, 0x36, 0x3c, 0xf7, 0xd6, 0xd2, 0x89, 0x8e, 0x1a, 0xd7, 0xab, 0x8d, 0xfc, 0x14,
-    0x39, 0xc5, 0xd0, 0xd3, 0x6b, 0x21, 0x61, 0x08, 0x63, 0x10, 0xac, 0xd0, 0xc9, 0xab, 0x93, 0xb5, 0x67, 0x7e, 0xc5,
-    0xc3, 0x6d, 0xc7, 0xc3, 0xd5, 0xc7, 0xfd, 0xcb, 0xf7, 0xbf, 0x81, 0xdb, 0x13, 0xb5, 0x09, 0x0b, 0x00, 0x00};
+    0x1f, 0x8b, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x95, 0x56, 0x6d, 0x8f, 0xdb, 0x36, 0x0c, 0xfe, 0xbe,
+    0x5f, 0xa1, 0x79, 0xdd, 0x6a, 0xaf, 0xb1, 0xfc, 0x92, 0x4b, 0xda, 0x3a, 0x96, 0x8b, 0xee, 0xd6, 0x62, 0x03, 0xd6,
+    0xad, 0xc0, 0xdd, 0xba, 0x0f, 0x45, 0x01, 0x2b, 0x32, 0x1d, 0xab, 0x27, 0x4b, 0x9e, 0xa4, 0xbc, 0x35, 0xc8, 0x7e,
+    0xfb, 0x20, 0xdb, 0xc9, 0xe5, 0x8a, 0x16, 0xd8, 0x10, 0xc4, 0xa0, 0x44, 0xf2, 0xe1, 0x8b, 0x28, 0x52, 0xf9, 0xb7,
+    0x95, 0x62, 0x76, 0xdf, 0x01, 0x6a, 0x6c, 0x2b, 0x8a, 0xdc, 0x7d, 0x91, 0xa0, 0x72, 0x45, 0x40, 0x16, 0x79, 0x03,
+    0xb4, 0x2a, 0xf2, 0x16, 0x2c, 0x45, 0xac, 0xa1, 0xda, 0x80, 0x25, 0x7f, 0xde, 0xbe, 0x0e, 0x9f, 0x15, 0xb9, 0xe0,
+    0xf2, 0x0e, 0x69, 0x10, 0x84, 0x33, 0x25, 0x51, 0xa3, 0xa1, 0x26, 0x15, 0xb5, 0x34, 0xe3, 0x2d, 0x5d, 0xc1, 0xa8,
+    0x22, 0x69, 0x0b, 0x64, 0xc3, 0x61, 0xdb, 0x29, 0x6d, 0x11, 0x53, 0xd2, 0x82, 0xb4, 0xc4, 0xdb, 0xf2, 0xca, 0x36,
+    0xa4, 0x82, 0x0d, 0x67, 0x10, 0xf6, 0x8b, 0x09, 0x97, 0xdc, 0x72, 0x2a, 0x42, 0xc3, 0xa8, 0x00, 0x92, 0x4c, 0xd6,
+    0x06, 0x74, 0xbf, 0xa0, 0x4b, 0x01, 0x44, 0x2a, 0xaf, 0xc8, 0x0d, 0xd3, 0xbc, 0xb3, 0xc8, 0xb9, 0x4a, 0x5a, 0x55,
+    0xad, 0x05, 0x20, 0xa6, 0x95, 0x31, 0x4a, 0xf3, 0x15, 0x97, 0x45, 0xa5, 0xd8, 0xba, 0x05, 0x69, 0xb1, 0x50, 0x8c,
+    0x5a, 0xae, 0x24, 0x36, 0x40, 0x35, 0x6b, 0x08, 0x21, 0xe5, 0x0b, 0x43, 0x37, 0x50, 0xfe, 0xf0, 0x83, 0x7f, 0x16,
+    0x5a, 0x81, 0x7d, 0x25, 0xc0, 0x91, 0xe6, 0xa7, 0xfd, 0x2d, 0x5d, 0xfd, 0x4e, 0x5b, 0xf0, 0x4b, 0x6a, 0x78, 0x05,
+    0x65, 0xf0, 0x3e, 0xfe, 0x80, 0x8d, 0xdd, 0x0b, 0xc0, 0x15, 0x37, 0x9d, 0xa0, 0x7b, 0x52, 0x2e, 0x85, 0x62, 0x77,
+    0x65, 0xb0, 0xa8, 0xd7, 0x92, 0x39, 0x70, 0x04, 0x3e, 0x04, 0x07, 0x01, 0x16, 0x49, 0xf2, 0x86, 0xda, 0x06, 0xb7,
+    0x74, 0xe7, 0x0f, 0x04, 0x97, 0x7e, 0xfa, 0xa3, 0x0f, 0x4f, 0x92, 0x38, 0x0e, 0x26, 0xfd, 0x27, 0x0e, 0xa2, 0x24,
+    0x8e, 0x17, 0x1a, 0xec, 0x5a, 0x4b, 0x64, 0xfd, 0x32, 0xef, 0xa8, 0x6d, 0x50, 0x45, 0xbc, 0x37, 0x49, 0x8a, 0x92,
+    0xe7, 0x38, 0x9d, 0xfd, 0x86, 0x9f, 0xa2, 0x2b, 0x9c, 0xce, 0xd8, 0xd3, 0x70, 0x86, 0x92, 0xab, 0x70, 0x86, 0xd2,
+    0x14, 0xcf, 0x50, 0xfc, 0xc9, 0x43, 0x35, 0x17, 0x82, 0x78, 0x52, 0x49, 0xf0, 0x90, 0xb1, 0x5a, 0xdd, 0x01, 0xf1,
+    0xd8, 0x5a, 0x6b, 0x90, 0xf6, 0x5a, 0x09, 0xa5, 0xbd, 0xa8, 0xf8, 0xe6, 0x7f, 0x01, 0x5a, 0x4d, 0xa5, 0xa9, 0x95,
+    0x6e, 0x89, 0xd7, 0xa7, 0xdb, 0x7f, 0x74, 0x90, 0x47, 0xe4, 0x3e, 0xc1, 0x05, 0x33, 0x1c, 0xf2, 0x4a, 0x3c, 0x87,
+    0xf8, 0xcc, 0x8b, 0x8a, 0x32, 0x38, 0x9e, 0xa3, 0xb7, 0x2e, 0xfa, 0x31, 0x1e, 0xed, 0xbf, 0x2f, 0x73, 0xb3, 0x59,
+    0xa1, 0x5d, 0x2b, 0xa4, 0x21, 0x5e, 0x63, 0x6d, 0x97, 0x45, 0xd1, 0x76, 0xbb, 0xc5, 0xdb, 0x29, 0x56, 0x7a, 0x15,
+    0xa5, 0x71, 0x1c, 0x47, 0x66, 0xb3, 0xf2, 0xd0, 0x70, 0xf2, 0x5e, 0x7a, 0xe5, 0xa1, 0x06, 0xf8, 0xaa, 0xb1, 0x3d,
+    0x5d, 0x3c, 0x3a, 0xc0, 0x31, 0x77, 0x12, 0x45, 0xf9, 0xe1, 0xc2, 0x8a, 0xbc, 0xb0, 0x02, 0x2f, 0x2e, 0xf2, 0xf6,
+    0xb8, 0x0f, 0xf3, 0x29, 0x4d, 0x51, 0x8a, 0xe2, 0xfe, 0x97, 0x86, 0x8e, 0x1e, 0x57, 0xe1, 0x67, 0x2b, 0x74, 0xb1,
+    0x72, 0x54, 0x3b, 0x0f, 0x9f, 0x9f, 0x75, 0x13, 0xb7, 0xb3, 0x49, 0xe2, 0xfb, 0x0d, 0xa7, 0xf0, 0xcb, 0xfc, 0x72,
+    0x1d, 0xa6, 0xef, 0x2e, 0x05, 0x9c, 0xb5, 0x26, 0x79, 0x37, 0xa7, 0x33, 0x34, 0x1b, 0x77, 0x66, 0xa1, 0xa3, 0xcf,
+    0x2b, 0x34, 0xdb, 0xa4, 0x4d, 0xd2, 0x86, 0xf3, 0x70, 0x46, 0xa7, 0x68, 0x3a, 0x3a, 0x32, 0x45, 0xd3, 0x4d, 0xda,
+    0xcc, 0xdf, 0xcd, 0x2f, 0xf7, 0xc2, 0xe9, 0xa7, 0xc7, 0x2e, 0xb9, 0x59, 0x59, 0xde, 0x47, 0xae, 0x2f, 0x23, 0xc7,
+    0x1f, 0x15, 0x97, 0x7e, 0xe9, 0xf2, 0x0f, 0x96, 0x35, 0x7e, 0x19, 0x31, 0x25, 0x6b, 0xbe, 0xc2, 0x1f, 0x8d, 0x92,
+    0x65, 0x80, 0x6d, 0x03, 0xd2, 0x3f, 0xa9, 0xfa, 0x36, 0x38, 0xd8, 0x9e, 0xe3, 0x7f, 0x81, 0x73, 0xae, 0x7f, 0xcb,
+    0xad, 0x00, 0x62, 0xb1, 0xbb, 0xa1, 0x93, 0x2f, 0xdc, 0x8a, 0x9f, 0xf6, 0xbf, 0x56, 0x7e, 0xd9, 0x52, 0x56, 0x06,
+    0x98, 0x4b, 0x09, 0xfa, 0x16, 0x76, 0x96, 0x94, 0x6f, 0x5e, 0x5e, 0xa3, 0x97, 0x55, 0xa5, 0xc1, 0x98, 0x0c, 0x95,
+    0x4f, 0x2c, 0x6e, 0x29, 0xfb, 0xba, 0x7a, 0x93, 0x3c, 0xd4, 0xfe, 0x8b, 0xbf, 0xe6, 0xe8, 0x77, 0xb0, 0x5b, 0xa5,
+    0xef, 0x46, 0x7d, 0x67, 0x7f, 0xe1, 0xae, 0x91, 0x26, 0x5f, 0x85, 0x91, 0x60, 0xcb, 0x60, 0xc2, 0xbf, 0x2e, 0x60,
+    0x0c, 0xaf, 0xca, 0x60, 0x42, 0xbf, 0x2e, 0xd1, 0x19, 0x77, 0x79, 0x2d, 0xa6, 0x9d, 0xc1, 0x46, 0x70, 0x06, 0x7e,
+    0x12, 0xe0, 0x5a, 0xe9, 0x57, 0x94, 0x35, 0x0f, 0x12, 0xe4, 0x5c, 0x51, 0xf7, 0x38, 0x4c, 0x03, 0xb5, 0x30, 0x42,
+    0xf9, 0x65, 0xc5, 0x37, 0x65, 0xb0, 0x50, 0x98, 0x09, 0x6a, 0x8c, 0x6b, 0x19, 0xc4, 0x39, 0xe7, 0xc2, 0x29, 0x27,
+    0x6a, 0x88, 0xf4, 0x97, 0xdb, 0x37, 0xbf, 0x91, 0x32, 0xa7, 0x43, 0x47, 0xf4, 0xbe, 0xf3, 0x50, 0x2f, 0x4c, 0xbc,
+    0x51, 0x30, 0x14, 0x50, 0xdb, 0xbe, 0xe2, 0x7d, 0x8b, 0xb5, 0x31, 0x3c, 0x38, 0xe6, 0xa6, 0xa3, 0xf2, 0x73, 0x31,
+    0x17, 0x93, 0x57, 0xe4, 0x91, 0xe3, 0x15, 0x79, 0x44, 0x8b, 0x47, 0x07, 0xe9, 0xf7, 0xcd, 0xed, 0x2e, 0x38, 0x3a,
+    0x6b, 0x7f, 0xaf, 0x41, 0xef, 0x6f, 0x40, 0x00, 0xb3, 0x4a, 0xfb, 0x25, 0xbe, 0x54, 0x74, 0x45, 0x01, 0x3b, 0x7b,
+    0x3d, 0x36, 0x5c, 0x8b, 0xdd, 0xe6, 0x44, 0x61, 0x25, 0x99, 0xe0, 0xec, 0x8e, 0x9c, 0x23, 0x0e, 0x0e, 0x1c, 0x6f,
+    0xa8, 0x58, 0xc3, 0x49, 0x86, 0xe2, 0x5a, 0xb1, 0xb5, 0xf1, 0x83, 0xe3, 0x44, 0x63, 0xda, 0x75, 0x20, 0xab, 0xeb,
+    0x86, 0x8b, 0xca, 0x57, 0xc1, 0x31, 0xb8, 0x3f, 0xe9, 0xcf, 0x8c, 0xbb, 0x59, 0xf0, 0x5e, 0x83, 0xf8, 0x87, 0x3c,
+    0x76, 0xd3, 0xe0, 0xf1, 0x87, 0x32, 0xc0, 0x7d, 0xfc, 0xe5, 0xfd, 0x48, 0x70, 0xd7, 0xfb, 0xc9, 0xae, 0x15, 0x13,
+    0x17, 0x7a, 0x38, 0x9f, 0x05, 0xc7, 0xf2, 0x18, 0x1c, 0x83, 0x45, 0x1e, 0x0d, 0x8d, 0xbd, 0xc8, 0xfb, 0x96, 0xdb,
+    0x8f, 0x94, 0x9e, 0x32, 0x0d, 0x80, 0x7d, 0xd0, 0xe2, 0x7f, 0x3c, 0x2c, 0xd5, 0x2e, 0x34, 0xfc, 0x13, 0x97, 0xab,
+    0x8c, 0xcb, 0x06, 0x34, 0xb7, 0xc7, 0x8a, 0x6f, 0x26, 0x5c, 0x76, 0x6b, 0x7b, 0xe8, 0x68, 0x55, 0x39, 0xce, 0xac,
+    0xdb, 0x2d, 0x6a, 0x25, 0xad, 0x93, 0x84, 0x2c, 0x81, 0xf6, 0x38, 0xf0, 0xfb, 0xe6, 0x93, 0x3d, 0x9f, 0x7d, 0x7f,
+    0x5c, 0xaa, 0x6a, 0x7f, 0x70, 0x19, 0x0a, 0xa9, 0xe0, 0x2b, 0x99, 0x31, 0x90, 0x16, 0xf4, 0xa0, 0x54, 0xd3, 0x96,
+    0x8b, 0x7d, 0x66, 0xa8, 0x34, 0xa1, 0x01, 0xcd, 0xeb, 0xe3, 0x72, 0x6d, 0xad, 0x92, 0x07, 0xe6, 0x9a, 0x6d, 0xf6,
+    0x5d, 0x5d, 0xd7, 0x0b, 0xb6, 0xd6, 0x46, 0xe9, 0xac, 0x53, 0xbc, 0xd7, 0x5b, 0x52, 0x76, 0xb7, 0xd2, 0x6a, 0x2d,
+    0xab, 0x70, 0x14, 0x4a, 0x6a, 0x3a, 0x05, 0xb6, 0x58, 0x2a, 0x5d, 0x81, 0xce, 0xe2, 0x91, 0x08, 0x35, 0xad, 0xf8,
+    0xda, 0x64, 0x78, 0xaa, 0xa1, 0x5d, 0x0c, 0xee, 0x24, 0x71, 0xfc, 0xfd, 0xe2, 0xe4, 0x79, 0x7c, 0xe9, 0x37, 0x4e,
+    0x9d, 0x94, 0xe0, 0x12, 0xc2, 0xa1, 0x57, 0x66, 0x29, 0xbe, 0xd2, 0xd0, 0x1e, 0x5b, 0xca, 0xe5, 0xa5, 0xf7, 0xae,
+    0xa2, 0x16, 0x2d, 0x97, 0xc3, 0x28, 0xcd, 0xd2, 0x79, 0xdc, 0xed, 0x16, 0xe3, 0xe4, 0xca, 0xb8, 0xec, 0x11, 0xfa,
+    0xf9, 0x75, 0x3c, 0x15, 0xc9, 0xe1, 0xe3, 0xda, 0x58, 0x5e, 0xef, 0xc3, 0x71, 0x24, 0x67, 0xa6, 0xa3, 0x0c, 0xc2,
+    0x25, 0xd8, 0x2d, 0x80, 0x5c, 0xf4, 0xb0, 0x21, 0xb7, 0xd0, 0x9a, 0x53, 0x6a, 0x4e, 0x70, 0xb5, 0x80, 0xdd, 0x19,
+    0xa6, 0xaf, 0xe5, 0xc3, 0x7f, 0x96, 0x76, 0x05, 0x76, 0x68, 0xa9, 0x5e, 0x71, 0x19, 0x2e, 0x95, 0xb5, 0xaa, 0xcd,
+    0xc2, 0xa7, 0xdd, 0x6e, 0x31, 0x6e, 0x39, 0xb0, 0x2c, 0x89, 0xbb, 0xdd, 0xb1, 0x1f, 0xc3, 0xa7, 0x7c, 0x5f, 0xd5,
+    0xcf, 0x68, 0x12, 0x7f, 0x21, 0xc7, 0x55, 0x5d, 0xa7, 0xcb, 0xfa, 0x94, 0xe3, 0xa4, 0xdb, 0x21, 0xa3, 0x04, 0xaf,
+    0x46, 0xb8, 0x1e, 0x09, 0xc5, 0xe7, 0xd4, 0x26, 0xb3, 0x6e, 0x87, 0x92, 0xcb, 0xcc, 0xb8, 0x89, 0xea, 0xa6, 0x8e,
+    0xab, 0xb5, 0x22, 0x8f, 0x86, 0x97, 0x8e, 0xab, 0x8c, 0x22, 0x77, 0x19, 0x2e, 0xf2, 0x26, 0x41, 0xbc, 0x22, 0x2d,
+    0x65, 0xc5, 0x45, 0xdb, 0xcb, 0xa3, 0x26, 0x39, 0xb1, 0x9a, 0xa4, 0x78, 0xd0, 0xd2, 0x06, 0x5e, 0xef, 0x7d, 0x71,
+    0xad, 0xa4, 0x04, 0x66, 0xb9, 0x5c, 0x21, 0xab, 0xd0, 0x98, 0x02, 0x8c, 0x71, 0xbe, 0xd4, 0xc5, 0x5b, 0x01, 0xd4,
+    0x00, 0xda, 0x52, 0x6e, 0x71, 0x1e, 0x0d, 0xf2, 0x43, 0x13, 0xe0, 0x15, 0x91, 0x60, 0xcf, 0xd7, 0xbe, 0x99, 0x0e,
+    0x06, 0x6e, 0xc0, 0x3a, 0x24, 0x67, 0x60, 0x5a, 0xe4, 0x6e, 0x3a, 0x23, 0xda, 0x5f, 0x60, 0x12, 0x6d, 0x79, 0xcd,
+    0xdd, 0xeb, 0xa6, 0xc8, 0xfb, 0x22, 0x77, 0x08, 0x2e, 0xcf, 0xc3, 0xd3, 0xab, 0xa7, 0x04, 0xc8, 0x95, 0x6d, 0xc8,
+    0x34, 0x45, 0x9d, 0xa0, 0x0c, 0x1a, 0x25, 0x2a, 0xd0, 0xe4, 0xe6, 0xe6, 0xd7, 0x9f, 0x0b, 0xe7, 0xcc, 0xbd, 0x5e,
+    0x67, 0xee, 0x06, 0x35, 0x47, 0x8c, 0x5a, 0xf3, 0xab, 0xe1, 0xc1, 0xd5, 0x51, 0x63, 0xb6, 0x4a, 0x57, 0x0f, 0x30,
+    0xde, 0x8e, 0x9b, 0x03, 0x4e, 0xff, 0xef, 0xaf, 0x4a, 0x71, 0x43, 0x37, 0x90, 0x47, 0xe3, 0x22, 0x8f, 0x9c, 0xc3,
+    0x03, 0xbf, 0x19, 0xe5, 0x9a, 0xa4, 0xf8, 0xe3, 0xf6, 0x25, 0xfa, 0xb3, 0xab, 0xa8, 0x85, 0x21, 0x6d, 0x7d, 0x54,
+    0x2d, 0xd8, 0x46, 0x55, 0xe4, 0xed, 0x1f, 0x37, 0xb7, 0xe7, 0x08, 0xd7, 0xbd, 0x10, 0x02, 0xc9, 0x86, 0xa7, 0xdf,
+    0x5a, 0x58, 0xde, 0x51, 0x6d, 0x7b, 0xd8, 0xd0, 0x35, 0x98, 0x53, 0x0c, 0x3d, 0xbf, 0xe6, 0x02, 0x86, 0x30, 0x06,
+    0xc5, 0x02, 0x9d, 0xbc, 0x3a, 0x59, 0xfb, 0xcc, 0xaf, 0x68, 0x38, 0xed, 0x68, 0x38, 0xfa, 0xa8, 0x7f, 0x05, 0xff,
+    0x0b, 0x54, 0xcf, 0x54, 0x8b, 0x15, 0x0b, 0x00, 0x00};
 
 #else  // Brotli (default, smaller)
 constexpr uint8_t INDEX_BR[] PROGMEM = {
-    0x1b, 0x08, 0x0b, 0x00, 0xe4, 0x7f, 0x9b, 0xad, 0xbb, 0x97, 0x53, 0xde, 0xb7, 0x25, 0x0e, 0x69, 0xd4, 0x69, 0x89,
-    0xba, 0xa5, 0x55, 0x22, 0x04, 0x27, 0xeb, 0x00, 0x52, 0xac, 0xbc, 0xec, 0x5f, 0xfb, 0xb5, 0x7a, 0x12, 0x0a, 0xd6,
-    0x48, 0x84, 0x4a, 0x48, 0x5a, 0xcb, 0xbd, 0xb7, 0x72, 0x66, 0x4e, 0x62, 0xd8, 0xbd, 0x7f, 0x88, 0x68, 0x86, 0x28,
-    0xd6, 0xf1, 0xda, 0x2c, 0xa2, 0x32, 0x5c, 0xdd, 0xab, 0xb2, 0x15, 0xbc, 0x24, 0x13, 0xe6, 0xbd, 0x0c, 0x52, 0x63,
-    0x82, 0x88, 0x6d, 0x74, 0x71, 0x51, 0x9c, 0xe2, 0x40, 0x56, 0xea, 0xb0, 0x5c, 0xb7, 0x1d, 0x81, 0x3a, 0x0c, 0xf2,
-    0xd7, 0xa8, 0x5c, 0x35, 0x2d, 0x43, 0xb3, 0x42, 0x37, 0x7c, 0x60, 0xd8, 0xc1, 0x95, 0x91, 0x94, 0x3c, 0x29, 0x20,
-    0x96, 0x20, 0xf6, 0x24, 0xb7, 0x83, 0x4a, 0x06, 0xf1, 0xc3, 0x2f, 0x88, 0x50, 0x55, 0x35, 0x2d, 0xe8, 0xb6, 0x21,
-    0x38, 0x61, 0x8e, 0x44, 0x2a, 0xac, 0x39, 0xcf, 0x74, 0xaa, 0x31, 0x7f, 0x62, 0x32, 0x9b, 0x99, 0x42, 0x0a, 0xf6,
-    0x6f, 0xd8, 0x89, 0x3f, 0x49, 0xb1, 0xa2, 0x52, 0x0a, 0x8e, 0xb3, 0x27, 0x0b, 0x07, 0x07, 0x58, 0xb0, 0x8f, 0xaa,
-    0xdc, 0x68, 0x12, 0x0f, 0x95, 0xbf, 0xc7, 0x36, 0xd5, 0x60, 0x5a, 0xc7, 0x80, 0xac, 0x52, 0xf7, 0xa7, 0x2d, 0xb6,
-    0x64, 0xda, 0xda, 0x11, 0x8d, 0x6a, 0xe5, 0xba, 0xe9, 0xda, 0xdc, 0x62, 0xc3, 0xcb, 0xae, 0xc1, 0xe1, 0x11, 0xb6,
-    0x33, 0x29, 0x04, 0x09, 0xfe, 0x09, 0x08, 0xc2, 0x1f, 0x98, 0x16, 0x26, 0x0d, 0xce, 0xd7, 0x75, 0xfb, 0xd7, 0xa5,
-    0x82, 0xd7, 0x32, 0x44, 0x72, 0xc1, 0xc2, 0xe4, 0x15, 0xcb, 0x50, 0xfc, 0xd3, 0x58, 0x64, 0x34, 0x41, 0x32, 0xbe,
-    0x1f, 0x08, 0x43, 0x16, 0x14, 0xf7, 0x70, 0x2c, 0x1c, 0x61, 0x09, 0x78, 0x73, 0xd1, 0x30, 0xf6, 0xed, 0x85, 0x55,
-    0x50, 0x02, 0xf0, 0x68, 0x50, 0x5c, 0x1a, 0xd7, 0x3b, 0x8e, 0xf2, 0x23, 0xc8, 0x88, 0x39, 0xd0, 0x84, 0xf7, 0xa6,
-    0xd1, 0xa3, 0xfb, 0xe5, 0x44, 0xc0, 0x4c, 0x2f, 0x6f, 0x19, 0x70, 0x75, 0xf6, 0x1c, 0xb8, 0xce, 0x89, 0x4f, 0x01,
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+    0x1f, 0xad, 0x45, 0xd3, 0x87, 0x94, 0x5b, 0x31, 0x36, 0xaa, 0xe4, 0x66, 0x8d, 0xcc, 0x31, 0x05, 0x5b, 0xc4, 0x40,
+    0xc0, 0xb8, 0xeb, 0x91, 0x18, 0x22, 0x8c, 0x31, 0x1e, 0xad, 0xd0, 0x3a, 0x98, 0x07, 0xb5, 0x6f, 0x11, 0xba, 0x11,
+    0xa6, 0x14, 0x35, 0x5a, 0xe7, 0x55, 0xdf, 0xb7, 0x4c, 0x03, 0x61, 0xa3, 0x74, 0x23, 0xdf, 0x55, 0x1f, 0x02, 0x51,
+    0x09, 0xb7, 0xba, 0xd5, 0x0c, 0x67, 0xab, 0x98, 0x70, 0x14, 0x64, 0x8d, 0xf4, 0x8b, 0x54, 0x44, 0x07, 0x6f, 0xe0,
+    0x69, 0x32, 0xca, 0x48, 0xe5, 0xd3, 0xa7, 0x17, 0x8f, 0x45, 0x84, 0x04, 0xb7, 0xd1, 0xbb, 0xe1, 0xf6, 0x01, 0x0a,
+    0xf6, 0xee, 0x2b, 0x32, 0xd2, 0xc5, 0xf8, 0xa6, 0xec, 0x0f, 0x1b, 0x09, 0x1d, 0xfc, 0xa2, 0xbf, 0x54, 0x5d, 0x2c,
+    0x62, 0xf4, 0x77, 0xde, 0xad, 0xa0, 0x50, 0x6a, 0xb4, 0xe3, 0x5f, 0xda, 0xff, 0x6b, 0xb1, 0x78, 0xf7, 0xf9, 0xc1,
+    0xa6, 0xa8, 0x93, 0xe8, 0xe4, 0x11, 0x56, 0xa0, 0x5b, 0x85, 0xa7, 0x92, 0x7a, 0x58, 0x45, 0x95, 0xa9, 0x63, 0x83,
+    0xb4, 0x1f, 0x18, 0x31, 0x7a, 0x6d, 0xa1, 0x8d, 0x8c, 0xdc, 0x91, 0x02, 0x3c, 0x9c, 0x92, 0x42, 0x8e, 0x03, 0x02,
+    0xc5, 0x0c, 0x43, 0x54, 0xf9, 0xb2, 0x85, 0x39, 0x2e, 0x77, 0xad, 0x00};
 
 // Backwards compatibility alias
 #define INDEX_GZ INDEX_BR
diff --git a/esphome/components/captive_portal/captive_portal.cpp b/esphome/components/captive_portal/captive_portal.cpp
index 8094903008..599422a46b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/captive_portal/captive_portal.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/captive_portal/captive_portal.cpp
@@ -4,7 +4,11 @@
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/string_ref.h"
+#include "esphome/components/wifi/scan_list.h"
 #include "esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h"
+#ifdef USE_PROVISIONING
+#include "esphome/components/provisioning/provisioning.h"
+#endif
 #include "captive_index.h"
 
 namespace esphome::captive_portal {
@@ -14,7 +18,7 @@ static const char *const TAG = "captive_portal";
 void CaptivePortal::handle_config(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
   AsyncResponseStream *stream = request->beginResponseStream(ESPHOME_F("application/json"));
   stream->addHeader(ESPHOME_F("cache-control"), ESPHOME_F("public, max-age=0, must-revalidate"));
-  char mac_s[18];
+  char mac_s[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
   const char *mac_str = get_mac_address_pretty_into_buffer(mac_s);
 #ifdef USE_ESP8266
   stream->print(ESPHOME_F("{\"mac\":\""));
@@ -33,8 +37,10 @@ void CaptivePortal::handle_config(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
     // Invariant: only bounded in-memory work under the lock; the network send
     // happens later in request->send()
     wifi::ScanResultsLock lock(wifi::global_wifi_component);
-    for (const auto &scan : wifi::global_wifi_component->get_scan_result()) {
-      if (scan.get_is_hidden())
+    const auto &results = wifi::global_wifi_component->get_scan_result();
+    for (const auto &scan : results) {
+      bool with_auth = false;
+      if (!wifi::should_show_scan_entry(results, scan, with_auth))
         continue;
 
       json_escape_into_buffer(escaped_ssid, scan.get_ssid());
@@ -44,10 +50,10 @@ void CaptivePortal::handle_config(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
       stream->print(ESPHOME_F("\",\"rssi\":"));
       stream->print(scan.get_rssi());
       stream->print(ESPHOME_F(",\"lock\":"));
-      stream->print(scan.get_with_auth());
+      stream->print(with_auth);
       stream->print(ESPHOME_F("}"));
 #else
-      stream->printf(R"(,{"ssid":"%s","rssi":%d,"lock":%d})", escaped_ssid, scan.get_rssi(), scan.get_with_auth());
+      stream->printf(R"(,{"ssid":"%s","rssi":%d,"lock":%d})", escaped_ssid, scan.get_rssi(), with_auth);
 #endif
     }
   }
@@ -75,6 +81,20 @@ void CaptivePortal::handle_wifisave(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
 void CaptivePortal::setup() {
   // Disable loop by default - will be enabled when captive portal starts
   this->disable_loop();
+#ifdef USE_PROVISIONING
+  // The captive portal is a provisioning surface: once the provisioning window
+  // has closed, stop serving it. WiFi's own closed-callback shuts down the
+  // access point the portal runs on, and the gated fallback in WiFiComponent's
+  // loop() ensures neither is started again afterwards.
+  if (provisioning::global_provisioning_manager != nullptr) {
+    provisioning::global_provisioning_manager->add_on_closed_callback([this]() {
+      if (this->active_) {
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Provisioning window closed; stopping captive portal");
+        this->end();
+      }
+    });
+  }
+#endif
 }
 void CaptivePortal::start() {
   this->base_->init();
diff --git a/esphome/components/ccs811/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ccs811/sensor.py
index d9023a415f..d134d2cf21 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ccs811/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ccs811/sensor.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_BILLION,
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["text_sensor"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@habbie"]
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/cd74hc4067/__init__.py b/esphome/components/cd74hc4067/__init__.py
index af6866df78..5f7778e186 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cd74hc4067/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/cd74hc4067/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_DELAY, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["sensor", "voltage_sampler"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@asoehlke"]
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/cd74hc4067/sensor.py b/esphome/components/cd74hc4067/sensor.py
index dceaf6f371..670b050271 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cd74hc4067/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/cd74hc4067/sensor.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_VOLT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CD74HC4067Component, cd74hc4067_ns
 
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_CD74HC4067_ID])
 
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], parent)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ch422g/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ch422g/__init__.py
index 6a7bace0a2..7f0c5bb95e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ch422g/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ch422g/__init__.py
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_OPEN_DRAIN,
     CONF_OUTPUT,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesterret", "@clydebarrow"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -35,7 +37,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     # Can't use register_i2c_device because there is no CONF_ADDRESS
@@ -44,7 +46,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
 
 
 # This is used as a final validation step so that modes have been fully transformed.
-def pin_mode_check(pin_config, _):
+def pin_mode_check(pin_config: ConfigType, _: ConfigType) -> None:
     if pin_config[CONF_MODE][CONF_INPUT] and pin_config[CONF_NUMBER] >= 8:
         raise cv.Invalid("CH422G only supports input on pins 0-7")
     if pin_config[CONF_MODE][CONF_OPEN_DRAIN] and pin_config[CONF_NUMBER] < 8:
@@ -63,7 +65,7 @@ CH422G_PIN_SCHEMA = pins.gpio_base_schema(
 
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(CONF_CH422G, CH422G_PIN_SCHEMA, pin_mode_check)
-async def ch422g_pin_to_code(config):
+async def ch422g_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_CH422G])
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ch423/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ch423/__init__.py
index e3990ee631..9fbf3ea515 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ch423/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ch423/__init__.py
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_OUTPUT,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@dwmw2"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -36,7 +38,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     # Can't use register_i2c_device because there is no CONF_ADDRESS
@@ -45,7 +47,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
 
 
 # This is used as a final validation step so that modes have been fully transformed.
-def pin_mode_check(pin_config, _):
+def pin_mode_check(pin_config: ConfigType, _: ConfigType) -> None:
     if pin_config[CONF_MODE][CONF_INPUT] and pin_config[CONF_NUMBER] >= 8:
         raise cv.Invalid("CH423 only supports input on pins 0-7")
     if pin_config[CONF_MODE][CONF_OPEN_DRAIN] and pin_config[CONF_NUMBER] < 8:
@@ -90,7 +92,7 @@ CH423_PIN_SCHEMA = pins.gpio_base_schema(
 
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(CONF_CH423, CH423_PIN_SCHEMA, pin_mode_check)
-async def ch423_pin_to_code(config):
+async def ch423_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_CH423])
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/chsc6x/touchscreen.py b/esphome/components/chsc6x/touchscreen.py
index 759e38609e..de974d2a79 100644
--- a/esphome/components/chsc6x/touchscreen.py
+++ b/esphome/components/chsc6x/touchscreen.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, touchscreen
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 chsc6x_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("chsc6x")
 
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await touchscreen.register_touchscreen(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/climate/__init__.py b/esphome/components/climate/__init__.py
index fe050fca22..80dd913fba 100644
--- a/esphome/components/climate/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/climate/__init__.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import mqtt, web_server
@@ -48,13 +50,19 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_VISUAL,
     CONF_WEB_SERVER,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, Lambda, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID, CoroPriority, Lambda, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import (
     entity_duplicate_validator,
     queue_entity_register,
     setup_entity,
 )
-from esphome.cpp_generator import LambdaExpression, MockObjClass
+from esphome.cpp_generator import (
+    LambdaExpression,
+    MockObj,
+    MockObjClass,
+    TemplateArgsType,
+)
+from esphome.types import ConfigType, SafeExpType
 
 IS_PLATFORM_COMPONENT = True
 
@@ -132,7 +140,7 @@ VISUAL_TEMPERATURE_STEP_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-def visual_temperature_step(value):
+def visual_temperature_step(value: Any) -> ConfigType:
     # Allow defining target/current temperature steps separately
     if isinstance(value, dict):
         return VISUAL_TEMPERATURE_STEP_SCHEMA(value)
@@ -273,7 +281,7 @@ def climate_schema(
 
 
 @setup_entity("climate")
-async def setup_climate_core_(var, config):
+async def setup_climate_core_(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     visual = config.get(CONF_VISUAL, {})
     if (min_temp := visual.get(CONF_MIN_TEMPERATURE)) is not None:
         cg.add_define("USE_CLIMATE_VISUAL_OVERRIDES")
@@ -443,7 +451,7 @@ async def setup_climate_core_(var, config):
         await web_server.add_entity_config(var, web_server_config)
 
 
-async def register_climate(var, config):
+async def register_climate(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if not CORE.has_id(config[CONF_ID]):
         var = cg.Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], var)
     queue_entity_register("climate", config)
@@ -451,7 +459,7 @@ async def register_climate(var, config):
     await setup_climate_core_(var, config)
 
 
-async def new_climate(config, *args):
+async def new_climate(config: ConfigType, *args: SafeExpType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], *args)
     await register_climate(var, config)
     return var
@@ -485,7 +493,12 @@ CLIMATE_CONTROL_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     CLIMATE_CONTROL_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def climate_control_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def climate_control_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
 
     # All configured fields are folded into a single stateless lambda whose
@@ -549,5 +562,5 @@ async def climate_control_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.CORE)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_global(climate_ns.using)
diff --git a/esphome/components/climate/climate.cpp b/esphome/components/climate/climate.cpp
index b41ca4a540..34684a87e1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/climate/climate.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/climate/climate.cpp
@@ -511,29 +511,6 @@ ClimateTraits Climate::get_traits() {
   return traits;
 }
 
-#ifdef USE_CLIMATE_VISUAL_OVERRIDES
-void Climate::set_visual_min_temperature_override(float visual_min_temperature_override) {
-  this->visual_min_temperature_override_ = visual_min_temperature_override;
-}
-
-void Climate::set_visual_max_temperature_override(float visual_max_temperature_override) {
-  this->visual_max_temperature_override_ = visual_max_temperature_override;
-}
-
-void Climate::set_visual_temperature_step_override(float target, float current) {
-  this->visual_target_temperature_step_override_ = target;
-  this->visual_current_temperature_step_override_ = current;
-}
-
-void Climate::set_visual_min_humidity_override(float visual_min_humidity_override) {
-  this->visual_min_humidity_override_ = visual_min_humidity_override;
-}
-
-void Climate::set_visual_max_humidity_override(float visual_max_humidity_override) {
-  this->visual_max_humidity_override_ = visual_max_humidity_override;
-}
-#endif
-
 ClimateCall Climate::make_call() { return ClimateCall(this); }
 
 ClimateCall ClimateDeviceRestoreState::to_call(Climate *climate) {
@@ -574,7 +551,14 @@ ClimateCall ClimateDeviceRestoreState::to_call(Climate *climate) {
 
 void ClimateDeviceRestoreState::apply(Climate *climate) {
   auto traits = climate->get_traits();
-  climate->mode = this->mode;
+  // A saved mode the device no longer offers cannot be selected again, so skip it and leave the
+  // entity on the mode it already has. The other saved fields are still restored.
+  if (traits.supports_mode(this->mode)) {
+    climate->mode = this->mode;
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' - Saved mode %s is no longer supported, keeping %s", climate->get_name().c_str(),
+             LOG_STR_ARG(climate_mode_to_string(this->mode)), LOG_STR_ARG(climate_mode_to_string(climate->mode)));
+  }
   if (traits.has_feature_flags(CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_TWO_POINT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE |
                                CLIMATE_REQUIRES_TWO_POINT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE)) {
     climate->target_temperature_low = this->target_temperature_low;
@@ -765,33 +749,39 @@ void Climate::dump_traits_(const char *tag) {
   }
   if (!traits.get_supported_modes().empty()) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  Supported modes:");
-    for (ClimateMode m : traits.get_supported_modes())
+    for (ClimateMode m : traits.get_supported_modes()) {
       ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  - %s", LOG_STR_ARG(climate_mode_to_string(m)));
+    }
   }
   if (!traits.get_supported_fan_modes().empty()) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  Supported fan modes:");
-    for (ClimateFanMode m : traits.get_supported_fan_modes())
+    for (ClimateFanMode m : traits.get_supported_fan_modes()) {
       ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  - %s", LOG_STR_ARG(climate_fan_mode_to_string(m)));
+    }
   }
   if (!traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes().empty()) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  Supported custom fan modes:");
-    for (const char *s : traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes())
+    for (const char *s : traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes()) {
       ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  - %s", s);
+    }
   }
   if (!traits.get_supported_presets().empty()) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  Supported presets:");
-    for (ClimatePreset p : traits.get_supported_presets())
+    for (ClimatePreset p : traits.get_supported_presets()) {
       ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  - %s", LOG_STR_ARG(climate_preset_to_string(p)));
+    }
   }
   if (!traits.get_supported_custom_presets().empty()) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  Supported custom presets:");
-    for (const char *s : traits.get_supported_custom_presets())
+    for (const char *s : traits.get_supported_custom_presets()) {
       ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  - %s", s);
+    }
   }
   if (!traits.get_supported_swing_modes().empty()) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  Supported swing modes:");
-    for (ClimateSwingMode m : traits.get_supported_swing_modes())
+    for (ClimateSwingMode m : traits.get_supported_swing_modes()) {
       ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  - %s", LOG_STR_ARG(climate_swing_mode_to_string(m)));
+    }
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/climate/climate.h b/esphome/components/climate/climate.h
index 04f653a2b0..a906897235 100644
--- a/esphome/components/climate/climate.h
+++ b/esphome/components/climate/climate.h
@@ -228,11 +228,22 @@ class Climate : public EntityBase {
   ClimateTraits get_traits();
 
 #ifdef USE_CLIMATE_VISUAL_OVERRIDES
-  void set_visual_min_temperature_override(float visual_min_temperature_override);
-  void set_visual_max_temperature_override(float visual_max_temperature_override);
-  void set_visual_temperature_step_override(float target, float current);
-  void set_visual_min_humidity_override(float visual_min_humidity_override);
-  void set_visual_max_humidity_override(float visual_max_humidity_override);
+  void set_visual_min_temperature_override(float visual_min_temperature_override) {
+    this->visual_min_temperature_override_ = visual_min_temperature_override;
+  }
+  void set_visual_max_temperature_override(float visual_max_temperature_override) {
+    this->visual_max_temperature_override_ = visual_max_temperature_override;
+  }
+  void set_visual_temperature_step_override(float target, float current) {
+    this->visual_target_temperature_step_override_ = target;
+    this->visual_current_temperature_step_override_ = current;
+  }
+  void set_visual_min_humidity_override(float visual_min_humidity_override) {
+    this->visual_min_humidity_override_ = visual_min_humidity_override;
+  }
+  void set_visual_max_humidity_override(float visual_max_humidity_override) {
+    this->visual_max_humidity_override_ = visual_max_humidity_override;
+  }
 #endif
 
   /// Set the supported custom fan modes (stored on Climate, referenced by ClimateTraits).
diff --git a/esphome/components/climate_ir/__init__.py b/esphome/components/climate_ir/__init__.py
index 5315be3db6..0667bd91a2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/climate_ir/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/climate_ir/__init__.py
@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_SUPPORTS_COOL,
     CONF_SUPPORTS_HEAT,
 )
-from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, MockObjClass
+from esphome.types import ConfigType, SafeExpType
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ def climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(
     )
 
 
-async def register_climate_ir(var, config):
+async def register_climate_ir(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await remote_base.register_transmittable(var, config)
     cg.add(var.set_supports_cool(config[CONF_SUPPORTS_COOL]))
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ async def register_climate_ir(var, config):
         cg.add(var.set_humidity_sensor(sens))
 
 
-async def new_climate_ir(config, *args):
+async def new_climate_ir(config: ConfigType, *args: SafeExpType) -> MockObj:
     var = await climate.new_climate(config, *args)
     await register_climate_ir(var, config)
     return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/climate_ir_lg/climate.py b/esphome/components/climate_ir_lg/climate.py
index 9c832642ce..255fca9ad1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/climate_ir_lg/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/climate_ir_lg/climate.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 
@@ -12,9 +13,11 @@ CONF_HEADER_LOW = "header_low"
 CONF_BIT_HIGH = "bit_high"
 CONF_BIT_ONE_LOW = "bit_one_low"
 CONF_BIT_ZERO_LOW = "bit_zero_low"
+CONF_ADVANCED_COMMANDS_SUPPORT = "advanced_commands_support"
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(LgIrClimate).extend(
     {
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ADVANCED_COMMANDS_SUPPORT, default=False): cv.boolean,
         cv.Optional(
             CONF_HEADER_HIGH, default="8000us"
         ): cv.positive_time_period_microseconds,
@@ -34,9 +37,10 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(LgIrClimate).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
 
+    cg.add(var.set_advanced_commands_support(config[CONF_ADVANCED_COMMANDS_SUPPORT]))
     cg.add(var.set_header_high(config[CONF_HEADER_HIGH]))
     cg.add(var.set_header_low(config[CONF_HEADER_LOW]))
     cg.add(var.set_bit_high(config[CONF_BIT_HIGH]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/climate_ir_lg/climate_ir_lg.cpp b/esphome/components/climate_ir_lg/climate_ir_lg.cpp
index 588566dd9d..bb612eda7b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/climate_ir_lg/climate_ir_lg.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/climate_ir_lg/climate_ir_lg.cpp
@@ -5,11 +5,85 @@ namespace esphome::climate_ir_lg {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "climate.climate_ir_lg";
 
-// Commands
-const uint32_t COMMAND_MASK = 0xFF000;
-const uint32_t COMMAND_OFF = 0xC0000;
-const uint32_t COMMAND_SWING = 0x10000;
+// All codes provided here are missing the checksum (last 4 bits)
+// this checksum needs to be calculated before sending (look at `calc_checksum_()`)
 
+const uint32_t LG_HEADER = 0x8800000;
+
+// Commands
+const uint32_t COMMAND_HEADER_MASK = 0xFF000;
+const uint32_t COMMAND_DATA_MASK = 0x00FF0;
+const uint32_t CHECKSUM_MASK = 0xF;
+
+enum CommandBasic : uint32_t {
+  HEADER_BASIC = 0x10000,
+  BASIC_SWING_TOGGLE = 0x000,
+
+  // JET MODE (only for cooling/drying/heating modes)
+  // For 30 minutes: max airflow (stronger than F5 aka FAN_MAX) + PO (min/min/max temperature respectively)
+  // After 30 minutes: F5 aka FAN_MAX + min/min/max temperature respectively
+  BASIC_JET = 0x080,
+};
+
+enum CommandSys : uint32_t {
+  HEADER_SYS = 0xC0000,
+
+  COMMAND_OFF = 0x050,
+
+  // Also known as 'auto-dry'
+  AUTO_CLEAN_ON = 0x0B0,
+  AUTO_CLEAN_OFF = 0x0C0,
+
+  PURIFY_ON = 0x000,   // From either OFF or Mode -> Purify
+  PURIFY_OFF = 0x080,  // From Mode + Purify -> Mode
+
+  QUIET_OUTDOOR_ON = 0xA60,
+  QUIET_OUTDOOR_OFF = 0xA70,
+
+  // ENERGY CTRL (only in Cooling mode)
+  COOL_ENERG_CTRL_80 = 0x7D0,   // 80%
+  COOL_ENERG_CTRL_60 = 0x7E0,   // 60%
+  COOL_ENERG_CTRL_40 = 0x800,   // 40%
+  COOL_ENERG_CTRL_OFF = 0x7F0,  // OFF
+
+  DISPLAY_KW = 0x460,
+  LIGHT_ON_OFF = 0x0A0,
+
+  TEMP_UNIT_F = 0x170,
+  TEMP_UNIT_C = 0x160,
+};
+
+enum CommandAdvSwing : uint32_t {
+  HEADER_ADV_SWING = 0x13000,
+
+  // Only 5 bits are relevant, I got 0x13952 once - not sure what is the 8th bit so ignoring that.
+  ADV_SWING_DATA_MASK = 0x1F0,
+
+  // Commands for Advanced Vertical Control: Swing + 6 fixed positions
+  VERT_FIX_1 = 0x040,  // Down
+  VERT_FIX_2 = 0x050,
+  VERT_FIX_3 = 0x060,
+  VERT_FIX_4 = 0x070,
+  VERT_FIX_5 = 0x080,
+  VERT_FIX_6 = 0x090,      // Up
+  VERT_SWING_ON = 0x140,   // Swing between 1 and 6
+  VERT_SWING_OFF = 0x150,  // Stops immediately
+
+  // Commands for Advanced Horizontal Control: Swing (3 modes) + 5 fixed positions
+  HORI_FIX_1 = 0x0B0,  // Left
+  HORI_FIX_2 = 0x0C0,
+  HORI_FIX_3 = 0x0D0,
+  HORI_FIX_4 = 0x0E0,
+  HORI_FIX_5 = 0x0F0,           // Right
+  HORI_SWING_ON_LEFT = 0x100,   // Swing between 1 and 3
+  HORI_SWING_ON_RIGHT = 0x110,  // Swing between 3 and 5
+  HORI_SWING_ON_FULL = 0x160,   // Swing between 1 and 5
+  HORI_SWING_OFF = 0x170,       // Stops immediately
+};
+
+// Following commands contain mode, fan speed and temperature
+
+// Modes
 const uint32_t COMMAND_ON_COOL = 0x00000;
 const uint32_t COMMAND_ON_DRY = 0x01000;
 const uint32_t COMMAND_ON_FAN_ONLY = 0x02000;
@@ -23,11 +97,13 @@ const uint32_t COMMAND_AI = 0x0B000;
 const uint32_t COMMAND_HEAT = 0x0C000;
 
 // Fan speed
-const uint32_t FAN_MASK = 0xF0;
+const uint32_t FAN_SPEED_MASK = 0xF0;
 const uint32_t FAN_AUTO = 0x50;
-const uint32_t FAN_MIN = 0x00;
-const uint32_t FAN_MED = 0x20;
-const uint32_t FAN_MAX = 0x40;
+const uint32_t FAN_MIN = 0x00;  // AKA F1
+const uint32_t FAN_F2 = 0x90;
+const uint32_t FAN_MED = 0x20;  // AKA F3
+const uint32_t FAN_F4 = 0xA0;
+const uint32_t FAN_MAX = 0x40;  // AKA F5
 
 // Temperature
 const uint8_t TEMP_RANGE = TEMP_MAX - TEMP_MIN + 1;
@@ -37,16 +113,37 @@ const uint32_t TEMP_SHIFT = 8;
 const uint16_t BITS = 28;
 
 void LgIrClimate::transmit_state() {
-  uint32_t remote_state = 0x8800000;
+  uint32_t remote_state = LG_HEADER;
 
-  // ESP_LOGD(TAG, "climate_lg_ir mode_before_ code: 0x%02X", modeBefore_);
+  // ESP_LOGD(TAG, "climate_lg_ir mode_before_ code: 0x%02X", this->modeBefore_);
 
   // Set command
   if (this->send_swing_cmd_) {
     this->send_swing_cmd_ = false;
-    remote_state |= COMMAND_SWING;
-  } else {
-    bool climate_is_off = (this->mode_before_ == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF);
+    if (this->advanced_commands_support_) {
+      switch (this->swing_mode) {
+        case climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL:
+          ESP_LOGD(TAG, "setting swing vertical");
+          remote_state |= CommandAdvSwing::HEADER_ADV_SWING;
+          remote_state |= CommandAdvSwing::VERT_SWING_ON;
+          break;
+        case climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF:
+          ESP_LOGD(TAG, "setting swing off");
+          remote_state |= CommandAdvSwing::HEADER_ADV_SWING;
+          remote_state |= CommandAdvSwing::VERT_SWING_OFF;
+          break;
+        default:
+          return;
+      }
+      this->transmit_(remote_state);
+      this->publish_state();
+      return;
+    } else {  // just toggle swing when advanced_commands_support is not set
+      remote_state |= HEADER_BASIC;
+      remote_state |= BASIC_SWING_TOGGLE;
+    }
+  } else {  // Mode commands
+    const bool climate_is_off = (this->mode_before_ == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF);
     switch (this->mode) {
       case climate::CLIMATE_MODE_COOL:
         remote_state |= climate_is_off ? COMMAND_ON_COOL : COMMAND_COOL;
@@ -65,8 +162,8 @@ void LgIrClimate::transmit_state() {
         break;
       case climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF:
       default:
-        remote_state |= COMMAND_OFF;
-        break;
+        remote_state |= CommandSys::HEADER_SYS;
+        remote_state |= CommandSys::COMMAND_OFF;
     }
   }
 
@@ -75,9 +172,8 @@ void LgIrClimate::transmit_state() {
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "climate_lg_ir mode code: 0x%02X", this->mode);
 
   // Set fan speed
-  if (this->mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF) {
-    remote_state |= FAN_AUTO;
-  } else {
+  if (this->mode !=
+      climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF) {  // https://github.com/esphome/esphome/pull/10875#issuecomment-5042765948
     switch (this->fan_mode.value_or(climate::CLIMATE_FAN_ON)) {
       case climate::CLIMATE_FAN_HIGH:
         remote_state |= FAN_MAX;
@@ -95,10 +191,20 @@ void LgIrClimate::transmit_state() {
     }
   }
 
-  // Set temperature
-  if (this->mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_COOL || this->mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT) {
-    auto temp = (uint8_t) roundf(clamp<float>(this->target_temperature, TEMP_MIN, TEMP_MAX));
-    remote_state |= ((temp - 15) << TEMP_SHIFT);
+  uint8_t temp;
+  switch (this->mode) {
+    case climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT_COOL:
+      if (!this->advanced_commands_support_) {  // Keep previous behavior
+        break;
+      }
+      [[fallthrough]];
+    case climate::CLIMATE_MODE_COOL:
+    case climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT:
+      temp = static_cast<uint8_t>(roundf(clamp<float>(this->target_temperature, TEMP_MIN, TEMP_MAX)));
+      remote_state |= (temp - 15) << TEMP_SHIFT;
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
   }
 
   this->transmit_(remote_state);
@@ -124,62 +230,134 @@ bool LgIrClimate::on_receive(remote_base::RemoteReceiveData data) {
     }
   }
 
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Decoded 0x%02" PRIX32, remote_state);
-  if ((remote_state & 0xFF00000) != 0x8800000)
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Received 0x%02" PRIX32, remote_state);
+  if ((remote_state & 0xFF00000) != LG_HEADER)
     return false;
 
-  // Get command
-  if ((remote_state & COMMAND_MASK) == COMMAND_OFF) {
-    this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF;
-  } else if ((remote_state & COMMAND_MASK) == COMMAND_SWING) {
-    this->swing_mode =
-        this->swing_mode == climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF ? climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL : climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF;
-  } else {
-    switch (remote_state & COMMAND_MASK) {
-      case COMMAND_DRY:
-      case COMMAND_ON_DRY:
-        this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_DRY;
-        break;
-      case COMMAND_FAN_ONLY:
-      case COMMAND_ON_FAN_ONLY:
-        this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_FAN_ONLY;
-        break;
-      case COMMAND_AI:
-      case COMMAND_ON_AI:
-        this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT_COOL;
-        break;
-      case COMMAND_HEAT:
-      case COMMAND_ON_HEAT:
-        this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT;
-        break;
-      case COMMAND_COOL:
-      case COMMAND_ON_COOL:
-      default:
-        this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_COOL;
-        break;
-    }
-
-    // Get fan speed
-    if (this->mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT_COOL) {
-      this->fan_mode = climate::CLIMATE_FAN_AUTO;
-    } else if (this->mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_COOL || this->mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_DRY ||
-               this->mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_FAN_ONLY || this->mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT) {
-      if ((remote_state & FAN_MASK) == FAN_AUTO) {
-        this->fan_mode = climate::CLIMATE_FAN_AUTO;
-      } else if ((remote_state & FAN_MASK) == FAN_MIN) {
-        this->fan_mode = climate::CLIMATE_FAN_LOW;
-      } else if ((remote_state & FAN_MASK) == FAN_MED) {
-        this->fan_mode = climate::CLIMATE_FAN_MEDIUM;
-      } else if ((remote_state & FAN_MASK) == FAN_MAX) {
-        this->fan_mode = climate::CLIMATE_FAN_HIGH;
+  // Decode commands
+  switch (remote_state & COMMAND_HEADER_MASK) {
+    case CommandSys::HEADER_SYS:
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Got system command! With data: 0x%02" PRIX32, remote_state & COMMAND_DATA_MASK);
+      if ((remote_state & COMMAND_DATA_MASK) == CommandSys::COMMAND_OFF) {
+        this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF;
+      } else {
+        return false;
+      }
+      break;
+    case CommandAdvSwing::HEADER_ADV_SWING:
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Got advanced swing command! With data: 0x%02" PRIX32,
+               remote_state & CommandAdvSwing::ADV_SWING_DATA_MASK);
+      switch (remote_state & CommandAdvSwing::ADV_SWING_DATA_MASK) {
+        case CommandAdvSwing::VERT_SWING_ON:
+          this->swing_mode = climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL;
+          break;
+        case CommandAdvSwing::VERT_SWING_OFF:
+        case CommandAdvSwing::VERT_FIX_1:
+        case CommandAdvSwing::VERT_FIX_2:
+        case CommandAdvSwing::VERT_FIX_3:
+        case CommandAdvSwing::VERT_FIX_4:
+        case CommandAdvSwing::VERT_FIX_5:
+        case CommandAdvSwing::VERT_FIX_6:
+          this->swing_mode = climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF;
+          break;
+        default:
+          return false;  // Ignore all other (horizontal) swing commands
       }
-    }
 
-    // Get temperature
-    if (this->mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_COOL || this->mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT) {
-      this->target_temperature = ((remote_state & TEMP_MASK) >> TEMP_SHIFT) + 15;
-    }
+      this->publish_state();
+      return true;
+
+    case HEADER_BASIC:
+      if ((remote_state & COMMAND_DATA_MASK) == BASIC_JET) {
+        switch (this->mode) {
+          case climate::CLIMATE_MODE_COOL:
+          case climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT:
+          case climate::CLIMATE_MODE_DRY:
+            this->target_temperature =
+                this->mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT ? this->maximum_temperature_ : this->minimum_temperature_;
+            this->fan_mode = climate::CLIMATE_FAN_HIGH;
+            // When enabling PO(WER) also known as JET mode, swing is set to VERT_3, but after 30 mins it will switch
+            // back to what it was before, so let's just not change it here it at all
+            this->publish_state();
+            return true;
+          default:
+            ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Got jet command, but current mode does not support it! Ignoring.");
+            return false;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Keep previous behavior in case of other BASIC command
+      if (this->swing_mode == climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF) {  // Just flip between vertical and off
+        this->swing_mode = climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL;
+      } else {
+        this->swing_mode = climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF;
+      }
+      this->publish_state();
+      return true;
+    // Following commands also contain fan speed and temperature, so no 'return' in these cases
+    case COMMAND_DRY:
+    case COMMAND_ON_DRY:
+      this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_DRY;
+      break;
+    case COMMAND_FAN_ONLY:
+    case COMMAND_ON_FAN_ONLY:
+      this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_FAN_ONLY;
+      break;
+    case COMMAND_AI:
+    case COMMAND_ON_AI:
+      this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT_COOL;
+      break;
+    case COMMAND_HEAT:
+    case COMMAND_ON_HEAT:
+      this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT;
+      break;
+    case COMMAND_COOL:
+    case COMMAND_ON_COOL:
+      this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_COOL;
+      break;
+    default:
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Got unknown command! Ignoring!");
+      return false;
   }
+
+  // Decode fan speed
+  switch (remote_state & FAN_SPEED_MASK) {
+    case FAN_AUTO:
+      this->fan_mode = climate::CLIMATE_FAN_AUTO;
+      break;
+    case FAN_MIN:
+    case FAN_F2:
+      this->fan_mode = climate::CLIMATE_FAN_LOW;
+      break;
+    case FAN_MED:
+    case FAN_F4:
+      this->fan_mode = climate::CLIMATE_FAN_MEDIUM;
+      break;
+    case FAN_MAX:
+      this->fan_mode = climate::CLIMATE_FAN_HIGH;
+      break;
+    default:
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Got unknown fan speed! Ignoring!");
+      return false;
+  }
+
+  // Keep previous behavior
+  if (this->mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT_COOL && !(this->advanced_commands_support_)) {
+    this->fan_mode = climate::CLIMATE_FAN_AUTO;
+  }
+
+  // Decode temperature for modes that support it
+  switch (this->mode) {
+    case climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT_COOL:
+    case climate::CLIMATE_MODE_COOL:
+    case climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT:
+      this->target_temperature = ((remote_state & TEMP_MASK) >> TEMP_SHIFT) + 15;
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+
+  this->mode_before_ = this->mode;
   this->publish_state();
 
   return true;
@@ -207,14 +385,14 @@ void LgIrClimate::transmit_(uint32_t value) {
   data->mark(this->bit_high_);
   transmit.perform();
 }
+
 void LgIrClimate::calc_checksum_(uint32_t &value) {
-  uint32_t mask = 0xF;
   uint32_t sum = 0;
   for (uint8_t i = 1; i < 8; i++) {
-    sum += (value & (mask << (i * 4))) >> (i * 4);
+    sum += (value & (CHECKSUM_MASK << (i * 4))) >> (i * 4);
   }
 
-  value |= (sum & mask);
+  value |= (sum & CHECKSUM_MASK);
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::climate_ir_lg
diff --git a/esphome/components/climate_ir_lg/climate_ir_lg.h b/esphome/components/climate_ir_lg/climate_ir_lg.h
index 341f0a4ef1..c9c0c0c005 100644
--- a/esphome/components/climate_ir_lg/climate_ir_lg.h
+++ b/esphome/components/climate_ir_lg/climate_ir_lg.h
@@ -21,12 +21,13 @@ class LgIrClimate final : public climate_ir::ClimateIR {
   /// Override control to change settings of the climate device.
   void control(const climate::ClimateCall &call) override {
     this->send_swing_cmd_ = call.get_swing_mode().has_value();
-    // swing resets after unit powered off
+    // swing resets after unit powered off, except when advanced_commands_support_ is set
     auto mode = call.get_mode();
-    if (mode.has_value() && *mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF)
+    if (mode.has_value() && *mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF && !(this->advanced_commands_support_))
       this->swing_mode = climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF;
     climate_ir::ClimateIR::control(call);
   }
+  void set_advanced_commands_support(bool value) { this->advanced_commands_support_ = value; }
   void set_header_high(uint32_t header_high) { this->header_high_ = header_high; }
   void set_header_low(uint32_t header_low) { this->header_low_ = header_low; }
   void set_bit_high(uint32_t bit_high) { this->bit_high_ = bit_high; }
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ class LgIrClimate final : public climate_ir::ClimateIR {
   void calc_checksum_(uint32_t &value);
   void transmit_(uint32_t value);
 
+  bool advanced_commands_support_{false};
   uint32_t header_high_;
   uint32_t header_low_;
   uint32_t bit_high_;
diff --git a/esphome/components/cm1106/sensor.py b/esphome/components/cm1106/sensor.py
index 3c82fac977..936c5fc673 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cm1106/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/cm1106/sensor.py
@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@andrewjswan"]
@@ -44,7 +47,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config) -> None:
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     """Code generation entry point."""
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
@@ -67,7 +70,12 @@ CALIBRATION_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
     CALIBRATION_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def cm1106_calibration_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args) -> None:
+async def cm1106_calibration_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     """Service code generation entry point."""
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
diff --git a/esphome/components/color/__init__.py b/esphome/components/color/__init__.py
index c39c5924af..70240eff07 100644
--- a/esphome/components/color/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/color/__init__.py
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import codegen as cg, config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_BLUE, CONF_GREEN, CONF_ID, CONF_RED, CONF_WHITE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 ColorStruct = cg.esphome_ns.struct("Color")
 
@@ -14,7 +17,7 @@ CONF_WHITE_INT = "white_int"
 CONF_HEX = "hex"
 
 
-def hex_color(value):
+def hex_color(value: Any) -> tuple[int, int, int]:
     if isinstance(value, int):
         value = str(value)
     if not isinstance(value, str):
@@ -39,7 +42,7 @@ components = {
 }
 
 
-def validate_color(config):
+def validate_color(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     has_components = set(config) & components
     has_hex = CONF_HEX in config
     if has_hex and has_components:
@@ -68,7 +71,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def from_rgbw(config):
+def from_rgbw(config: ConfigType) -> tuple[int, int, int, int]:
     r = 0
     if CONF_RED in config:
         r = int(config[CONF_RED] * 255)
@@ -96,7 +99,7 @@ def from_rgbw(config):
     return (r, g, b, w)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if CONF_HEX in config:
         r, g, b = config[CONF_HEX]
         w = 0
diff --git a/esphome/components/color_temperature/light.py b/esphome/components/color_temperature/light.py
index 045ab265cd..7686ede155 100644
--- a/esphome/components/color_temperature/light.py
+++ b/esphome/components/color_temperature/light.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_OUTPUT_ID,
     CONF_WARM_WHITE_COLOR_TEMPERATURE,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
 
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_OUTPUT_ID])
     await light.register_light(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/combination/sensor.py b/esphome/components/combination/sensor.py
index 327cedee1e..ccc5a03964 100644
--- a/esphome/components/combination/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/combination/sensor.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT,
 )
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ KALMAN_SOURCE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-def _migrate_coeffecient(config):
+def _migrate_coeffecient(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     """Migrate deprecated 'coeffecient' spelling to 'coefficient'."""
     if CONF_COEFFECIENT in config:
         if CONF_COEFFICIENT in config:
@@ -172,7 +173,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await sensor.register_sensor(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/const/__init__.py b/esphome/components/const/__init__.py
index 44878274d6..49a625e3f1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/const/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/const/__init__.py
@@ -10,11 +10,14 @@ CONF_ACCELEROMETER_RANGE = "accelerometer_range"
 CONF_B_CONSTANT = "b_constant"
 CONF_BREATH_VOC_EQUIVALENT = "breath_voc_equivalent"
 CONF_BYTE_ORDER = "byte_order"
+CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS = "channel_colors"
 CONF_CLIMATE_ID = "climate_id"
 CONF_CO2_EQUIVALENT = "co2_equivalent"
 CONF_COLOR_DEPTH = "color_depth"
+CONF_COLUMNS = "columns"
 CONF_CRC_ENABLE = "crc_enable"
 CONF_DATA_BITS = "data_bits"
+CONF_DESCRIPTION = "description"
 CONF_DRAW_ROUNDING = "draw_rounding"
 CONF_ENABLE_OTA_DOWNGRADE_PROTECTION = "enable_ota_downgrade_protection"
 CONF_ENABLED = "enabled"
@@ -22,6 +25,9 @@ CONF_GYROSCOPE_ODR = "gyroscope_odr"
 CONF_GYROSCOPE_RANGE = "gyroscope_range"
 CONF_IAQ = "iaq"
 CONF_IGNORE_NOT_FOUND = "ignore_not_found"
+CONF_IS_WRGB = "is_wrgb"
+CONF_KEYS = "keys"
+CONF_LABEL = "label"
 CONF_LIBRETINY = "libretiny"
 CONF_LOOP = "loop"
 CONF_NOX_INDEX = "nox_index"
@@ -35,6 +41,7 @@ CONF_REQUEST_HEADERS = "request_headers"
 CONF_ROWS = "rows"
 CONF_SCAN_PARAMETERS = "scan_parameters"
 CONF_SHA256 = "sha256"
+CONF_SLOT = "slot"
 CONF_STATE_SAVE_INTERVAL = "state_save_interval"
 CONF_STOP_BITS = "stop_bits"
 CONF_TARGET_COUNT = "target_count"
diff --git a/esphome/components/coolix/climate.py b/esphome/components/coolix/climate.py
index 1ebcff3c1b..3eb8dbe2f4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/coolix/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/coolix/climate.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@glmnet"]
@@ -10,5 +11,5 @@ CoolixClimate = coolix_ns.class_("CoolixClimate", climate_ir.ClimateIR)
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(CoolixClimate)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/copy/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/copy/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index 840200409f..cc8492f21e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/copy/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/copy/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_SOURCE_ID,
 )
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import copy_ns
 
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/copy/button/__init__.py b/esphome/components/copy/button/__init__.py
index 8028d6a217..768131bbe5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/copy/button/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/copy/button/__init__.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_SOURCE_ID,
 )
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import copy_ns
 
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await button.register_button(var, config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/copy/cover/__init__.py b/esphome/components/copy/cover/__init__.py
index ff5bef5668..d23602fa74 100644
--- a/esphome/components/copy/cover/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/copy/cover/__init__.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_SOURCE_ID,
 )
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import copy_ns
 
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await cover.new_cover(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/copy/fan/__init__.py b/esphome/components/copy/fan/__init__.py
index a208e5f80a..ffa414c5f2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/copy/fan/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/copy/fan/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import fan
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY, CONF_ICON, CONF_SOURCE_ID
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import copy_ns
 
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await fan.new_fan(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/copy/lock/__init__.py b/esphome/components/copy/lock/__init__.py
index 46bc08273e..8d9c4b6eca 100644
--- a/esphome/components/copy/lock/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/copy/lock/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import lock
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY, CONF_ICON, CONF_SOURCE_ID
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import copy_ns
 
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await lock.new_lock(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/copy/number/__init__.py b/esphome/components/copy/number/__init__.py
index 3e2bbf2aae..9659a605f9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/copy/number/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/copy/number/__init__.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT,
 )
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import copy_ns
 
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await number.new_number(config, min_value=0, max_value=0, step=0)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/copy/select/__init__.py b/esphome/components/copy/select/__init__.py
index d7ddc52c44..97776b1edd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/copy/select/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/copy/select/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import select
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY, CONF_ICON, CONF_ID, CONF_SOURCE_ID
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import copy_ns
 
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await select.register_select(var, config, options=[])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/copy/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/copy/sensor/__init__.py
index 57ca06aca7..5468798047 100644
--- a/esphome/components/copy/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/copy/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT,
 )
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import copy_ns
 
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/copy/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/copy/switch/__init__.py
index ee27e38c5f..0e714540f9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/copy/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/copy/switch/__init__.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_SOURCE_ID,
 )
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import copy_ns
 
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await switch.new_switch(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/copy/text/__init__.py b/esphome/components/copy/text/__init__.py
index f1ca404b7b..59fdce6c96 100644
--- a/esphome/components/copy/text/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/copy/text/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import text
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY, CONF_ICON, CONF_MODE, CONF_SOURCE_ID
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import copy_ns
 
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await text.new_text(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/copy/text_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/copy/text_sensor/__init__.py
index 7b38ff1a64..146beae5ea 100644
--- a/esphome/components/copy/text_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/copy/text_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY, CONF_ICON, CONF_SOURCE_ID
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import copy_ns
 
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/cover/__init__.py b/esphome/components/cover/__init__.py
index 7639e15334..011b2c2f04 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cover/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/cover/__init__.py
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ from esphome.core.entity_helpers import (
     setup_entity,
 )
 from esphome.cpp_generator import LambdaExpression, MockObj, MockObjClass
-from esphome.types import ConfigType, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType, SafeExpType, TemplateArgsType
 
 IS_PLATFORM_COMPONENT = True
 
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ _COVER_SCHEMA = (
 _COVER_SCHEMA.add_extra(entity_duplicate_validator("cover"))
 
 
-def _validate_mqtt_state_topics(config):
+def _validate_mqtt_state_topics(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if config.get(CONF_MQTT_JSON_STATE_PAYLOAD):
         if CONF_POSITION_STATE_TOPIC in config:
             raise cv.Invalid(
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ def cover_schema(
 
 
 @setup_entity("cover")
-async def setup_cover_core_(var, config):
+async def setup_cover_core_(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     setup_device_class(config)
 
     if CONF_ON_OPEN in config:
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ async def setup_cover_core_(var, config):
         await web_server.add_entity_config(var, web_server_config)
 
 
-async def register_cover(var, config):
+async def register_cover(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if not CORE.has_id(config[CONF_ID]):
         var = cg.Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], var)
     queue_entity_register("cover", config)
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ async def register_cover(var, config):
     await setup_cover_core_(var, config)
 
 
-async def new_cover(config, *args):
+async def new_cover(config: ConfigType, *args: SafeExpType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], *args)
     await register_cover(var, config)
     return var
@@ -259,7 +259,12 @@ COVER_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
 @automation.register_action(
     "cover.open", OpenAction, COVER_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
-async def cover_open_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def cover_open_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
@@ -267,7 +272,12 @@ async def cover_open_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 @automation.register_action(
     "cover.close", CloseAction, COVER_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
-async def cover_close_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def cover_close_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
@@ -275,7 +285,12 @@ async def cover_close_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 @automation.register_action(
     "cover.stop", StopAction, COVER_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
-async def cover_stop_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def cover_stop_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
@@ -283,7 +298,12 @@ async def cover_stop_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 @automation.register_action(
     "cover.toggle", ToggleAction, COVER_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
-async def cover_toggle_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def cover_toggle_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
@@ -421,5 +441,5 @@ automation.register_condition(
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.CORE)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_global(cover_ns.using)
diff --git a/esphome/components/cover/cover.cpp b/esphome/components/cover/cover.cpp
index e98a555fe5..dc2db3bf32 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cover/cover.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/cover/cover.cpp
@@ -135,10 +135,6 @@ CoverCall &CoverCall::set_stop(bool stop) {
   this->stop_ = stop;
   return *this;
 }
-bool CoverCall::get_stop() const { return this->stop_; }
-
-CoverCall Cover::make_call() { return {this}; }
-
 void Cover::publish_state(bool save) {
   this->position = clamp(this->position, 0.0f, 1.0f);
   this->tilt = clamp(this->tilt, 0.0f, 1.0f);
@@ -184,9 +180,6 @@ optional<CoverRestoreState> Cover::restore_state_() {
   return recovered;
 }
 
-bool Cover::is_fully_open() const { return this->position == COVER_OPEN; }
-bool Cover::is_fully_closed() const { return this->position == COVER_CLOSED; }
-
 CoverCall CoverRestoreState::to_call(Cover *cover) {
   auto call = cover->make_call();
   auto traits = cover->get_traits();
diff --git a/esphome/components/cover/cover.h b/esphome/components/cover/cover.h
index 9a75e68487..8bf45cfb57 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cover/cover.h
+++ b/esphome/components/cover/cover.h
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class CoverCall {
   void perform();
 
   const optional<float> &get_position() const;
-  bool get_stop() const;
+  bool get_stop() const { return this->stop_; }
   const optional<float> &get_tilt() const;
   const optional<bool> &get_toggle() const;
 
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ class Cover : public EntityBase {
   float tilt{COVER_OPEN};
 
   /// Construct a new cover call used to control the cover.
-  CoverCall make_call();
+  CoverCall make_call() { return {this}; }
 
   template<typename F> void add_on_state_callback(F &&f) { this->state_callback_.add(std::forward<F>(f)); }
 
@@ -139,9 +139,9 @@ class Cover : public EntityBase {
   virtual CoverTraits get_traits() = 0;
 
   /// Helper method to check if the cover is fully open. Equivalent to comparing .position against 1.0
-  bool is_fully_open() const;
+  bool is_fully_open() const { return this->position == COVER_OPEN; }
   /// Helper method to check if the cover is fully closed. Equivalent to comparing .position against 0.0
-  bool is_fully_closed() const;
+  bool is_fully_closed() const { return this->position == COVER_CLOSED; }
 
  protected:
   friend CoverCall;
diff --git a/esphome/components/cs5460a/cs5460a.cpp b/esphome/components/cs5460a/cs5460a.cpp
index c9e8f3cf47..1f9233841a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cs5460a/cs5460a.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/cs5460a/cs5460a.cpp
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ bool CS5460AComponent::check_status_() {
     bool dir = status & (1 << 21);
     if (current_gain_ < 0)
       dir = !dir;
-    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Energy counter %s pulse", dir ? "negative" : "positive");
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Energy counter %s pulse", dir ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("negative") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("positive"));
     clear |= 1 << 22;
   }
 
@@ -319,7 +319,9 @@ void CS5460AComponent::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "CS5460A:\n"
                 "  Init status: %s",
-                state == COMPONENT_STATE_LOOP ? "OK" : (state == COMPONENT_STATE_FAILED ? "failed" : "other"));
+                state == COMPONENT_STATE_LOOP
+                    ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("OK")
+                    : (state == COMPONENT_STATE_FAILED ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("failed") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("other")));
   LOG_PIN("  CS Pin: ", cs_);
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "  Samples / cycle: %" PRIu32 "\n"
@@ -330,9 +332,10 @@ void CS5460AComponent::dump_config() {
                 "  Current HPF: %s\n"
                 "  Voltage HPF: %s\n"
                 "  Pulse energy: %.2f Wh",
-                samples_, phase_offset_, pga_gain_ == CS5460A_PGA_GAIN_50X ? "50x" : "10x", current_gain_,
-                voltage_gain_, current_hpf_ ? "enabled" : "disabled", voltage_hpf_ ? "enabled" : "disabled",
-                pulse_energy_wh_);
+                samples_, phase_offset_,
+                pga_gain_ == CS5460A_PGA_GAIN_50X ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("50x") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("10x"), current_gain_,
+                voltage_gain_, current_hpf_ ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("enabled") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("disabled"),
+                voltage_hpf_ ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("enabled") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("disabled"), pulse_energy_wh_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Voltage", voltage_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Current", current_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Power", power_sensor_);
diff --git a/esphome/components/cs5460a/sensor.py b/esphome/components/cs5460a/sensor.py
index 0c6ae0d821..5f14457101 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cs5460a/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/cs5460a/sensor.py
@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_VOLT,
     UNIT_WATT,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@balrog-kun"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
@@ -40,7 +43,7 @@ CONF_VOLTAGE_HPF = "voltage_hpf"
 CONF_PULSE_ENERGY = "pulse_energy"
 
 
-def validate_config(config):
+def validate_config(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     current_gain = abs(config[CONF_CURRENT_GAIN]) * (
         1.0 if config[CONF_PGA_GAIN] == "10X" else 5.0
     )
@@ -105,7 +108,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
@@ -138,6 +141,11 @@ async def to_code(config):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def restart_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def restart_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
diff --git a/esphome/components/cse7761/sensor.py b/esphome/components/cse7761/sensor.py
index 7e8caf1ae1..b53ed26ca3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cse7761/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/cse7761/sensor.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_VOLT,
     UNIT_WATT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@berfenger"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/cse7766/sensor.py b/esphome/components/cse7766/sensor.py
index 94ed66d7cc..a1a68e18e8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cse7766/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/cse7766/sensor.py
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_WATT,
     UNIT_WATT_HOURS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
 
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/cst226/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/cst226/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index 324d794772..7fd81f6c18 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cst226/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/cst226/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import cst226_ns
 from ..touchscreen import CST226ButtonListener, CST226Touchscreen
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_CST226_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/cst226/touchscreen/__init__.py b/esphome/components/cst226/touchscreen/__init__.py
index 62c2e3b20a..459cba61cd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cst226/touchscreen/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/cst226/touchscreen/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, touchscreen
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN, CONF_RESET_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import cst226_ns
 
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await touchscreen.register_touchscreen(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/cst328/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/cst328/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index 6d881cc6c1..33e68a112b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cst328/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/cst328/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import cst328_ns
 from ..touchscreen import CST328ButtonListener, CST328Touchscreen
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(CST328Button).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_CST328_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/cst328/touchscreen/__init__.py b/esphome/components/cst328/touchscreen/__init__.py
index 18c00bb6c5..9bc7744b7c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cst328/touchscreen/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/cst328/touchscreen/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, touchscreen
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN, CONF_RESET_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import cst328_ns
 
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await touchscreen.register_touchscreen(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/cst816/touchscreen/__init__.py b/esphome/components/cst816/touchscreen/__init__.py
index 288ca17593..029a544a91 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cst816/touchscreen/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/cst816/touchscreen/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, touchscreen
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN, CONF_RESET_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import cst816_ns
 
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = touchscreen.TOUCHSCREEN_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x15))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await touchscreen.register_touchscreen(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/cst9220/touchscreen/__init__.py b/esphome/components/cst9220/touchscreen/__init__.py
index 6d8fc5e2f6..393685e67b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cst9220/touchscreen/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/cst9220/touchscreen/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, touchscreen
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN, CONF_RESET_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import cst9220_ns
 
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await touchscreen.register_touchscreen(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ct_clamp/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ct_clamp/sensor.py
index 6ad7990e80..8ef211cb24 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ct_clamp/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ct_clamp/sensor.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_AMPERE,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["voltage_sampler"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/current_based/cover.py b/esphome/components/current_based/cover.py
index 99952adb12..a552956082 100644
--- a/esphome/components/current_based/cover.py
+++ b/esphome/components/current_based/cover.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_OPEN_DURATION,
     CONF_STOP_ACTION,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_OPEN_SENSOR = "open_sensor"
 CONF_OPEN_MOVING_CURRENT_THRESHOLD = "open_moving_current_threshold"
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await cover.new_cover(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/cwww/light.py b/esphome/components/cwww/light.py
index 50d84a582d..90fe6d0bad 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cwww/light.py
+++ b/esphome/components/cwww/light.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_WARM_WHITE,
     CONF_WARM_WHITE_COLOR_TEMPERATURE,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 cwww_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("cwww")
 CWWWLightOutput = cwww_ns.class_("CWWWLightOutput", light.LightOutput)
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_OUTPUT_ID])
     await light.register_light(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/d01/__init__.py b/esphome/components/d01/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/esphome/components/d01/d01.cpp b/esphome/components/d01/d01.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f7a0c08ec4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/d01/d01.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#include "d01.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+// uart specification for d01 sensor from https://manuals.plus/ae/1005006417362019:
+//
+// A frame of serial output data includes 4 bytes, formatted as follows:
+// __Characteristic byte: Fixed value 0xA5.
+// __Data byte: DATAH is the high 7 bits of the concentration value, and DATAL is the low 7 bits of the concentration
+// value.
+// __Check byte: The low 7 bits of the sum of all bytes before the check byte.
+//
+// If the serial output is 4 bytes of data: 0*A5 0*01 0*2C 0*52, then DATAH = 0*01 = 1, DATAL = 0*2C = 44.
+// Concentration value = 1*128 + 44 = 172 µg/m³.
+//
+// The PM2.5 dust concentration value obtained from the dust sensor needs to be calibrated with a K value coefficient
+// based on the TSI instrument's photometric method. It is generally recommended to use 0.4.
+
+namespace esphome::d01 {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "d01";
+
+static const uint8_t D01_FRAME_HEADER = 0xA5;
+
+void D01SensorComponent::dump_config() { LOG_SENSOR("  ", "D01 PM2.5", this); }
+
+void D01SensorComponent::loop() {
+  uint8_t buf[4];
+  while (this->available() >= 4) {
+    if (this->peek() != D01_FRAME_HEADER) {
+      this->read();
+      continue;
+    }
+    this->read_array(buf, 4);
+    uint8_t sum = (buf[0] + buf[1] + buf[2]) & 0x7F;
+    if (sum != buf[3]) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "checksum mismatch");
+      continue;
+    }
+    uint16_t latest_concentration = (buf[1] & 0x7F) * 128 + (buf[2] & 0x7F);
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Unadjusted PM2.5 Concentration: %d µg/m³", latest_concentration);
+    this->publish_state(latest_concentration);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::d01
diff --git a/esphome/components/d01/d01.h b/esphome/components/d01/d01.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..73c7a8711d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/d01/d01.h
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
+#include "esphome/components/uart/uart.h"
+
+namespace esphome::d01 {
+
+class D01SensorComponent final : public sensor::Sensor, public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
+ public:
+  void dump_config() override;
+  void loop() override;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::d01
diff --git a/esphome/components/d01/sensor.py b/esphome/components/d01/sensor.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5bc5a4e424
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/d01/sensor.py
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import sensor, uart
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    DEVICE_CLASS_PM25,
+    ICON_BLUR,
+    STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+    UNIT_MICROGRAMS_PER_CUBIC_METER,
+)
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+CODEOWNERS = ["@ch604"]
+DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+
+d01_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("d01")
+D01SensorComponent = d01_ns.class_(
+    "D01SensorComponent", sensor.Sensor, uart.UARTDevice, cg.Component
+)
+
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    sensor.sensor_schema(
+        D01SensorComponent,
+        unit_of_measurement=UNIT_MICROGRAMS_PER_CUBIC_METER,
+        icon=ICON_BLUR,
+        accuracy_decimals=0,
+        device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_PM25,
+        state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+    )
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(uart.UART_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
+)
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
+    "d01",
+    baud_rate=9600,
+    require_rx=True,
+    require_tx=False,
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/dac7678/__init__.py b/esphome/components/dac7678/__init__.py
index 842c84832e..668cc87cec 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dac7678/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/dac7678/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["output"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@NickB1"]
@@ -24,7 +26,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     cg.add(var.set_internal_reference(config[CONF_INTERNAL_REFERENCE]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/dac7678/output.py b/esphome/components/dac7678/output.py
index cb7739242c..8bc9e119c2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dac7678/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/dac7678/output.py
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import DAC7678Output, dac7678_ns
 
@@ -19,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_DAC7678_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_channel(config[CONF_CHANNEL]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/daikin/climate.py b/esphome/components/daikin/climate.py
index 7f0226143b..c9f9cb189f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/daikin/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/daikin/climate.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 
@@ -9,5 +10,5 @@ DaikinClimate = daikin_ns.class_("DaikinClimate", climate_ir.ClimateIR)
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(DaikinClimate)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/daikin_arc/climate.py b/esphome/components/daikin_arc/climate.py
index dbaf12d959..210ec6987e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/daikin_arc/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/daikin_arc/climate.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 
@@ -9,5 +10,5 @@ DaikinArcClimate = daikin_arc_ns.class_("DaikinArcClimate", climate_ir.ClimateIR
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(DaikinArcClimate)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/daikin_brc/climate.py b/esphome/components/daikin_brc/climate.py
index 5b7a4631a9..c5c1d3739e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/daikin_brc/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/daikin_brc/climate.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_USE_FAHRENHEIT
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 
@@ -16,6 +17,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(DaikinBrcClimate).ext
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
     cg.add(var.set_fahrenheit(config[CONF_USE_FAHRENHEIT]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/dallas_temp/sensor.py b/esphome/components/dallas_temp/sensor.py
index 3d35881722..c441504947 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dallas_temp/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/dallas_temp/sensor.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 dallas_temp_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("dallas_temp")
 
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await one_wire.register_one_wire_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/daly_bms/__init__.py b/esphome/components/daly_bms/__init__.py
index 87f00ce507..ba0be4d3a5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/daly_bms/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/daly_bms/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ADDRESS, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@s1lvi0"]
 MULTI_CONF = True
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/daly_bms/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/daly_bms/binary_sensor.py
index 95a2ae3b44..2b6ceffff1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/daly_bms/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/daly_bms/binary_sensor.py
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_BMS_DALY_ID, DalyBmsComponent
 
@@ -27,13 +29,13 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def setup_conf(config, key, hub):
+async def setup_conf(config: ConfigType, key: str, hub: MockObj) -> None:
     if sensor_config := config.get(key):
         var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(sensor_config)
         cg.add(getattr(hub, f"set_{key}_binary_sensor")(var))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_BMS_DALY_ID])
     for key in TYPES:
         await setup_conf(config, key, hub)
diff --git a/esphome/components/daly_bms/sensor.py b/esphome/components/daly_bms/sensor.py
index aa92cfa86a..3e91fb280a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/daly_bms/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/daly_bms/sensor.py
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PERCENT,
     UNIT_VOLT,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_BMS_DALY_ID, DalyBmsComponent
 
@@ -222,13 +224,13 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def setup_conf(config, key, hub):
+async def setup_conf(config: ConfigType, key: str, hub: MockObj) -> None:
     if sensor_config := config.get(key):
         sens = await sensor.new_sensor(sensor_config)
         cg.add(getattr(hub, f"set_{key}_sensor")(sens))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_BMS_DALY_ID])
     for key in TYPES:
         await setup_conf(config, key, hub)
diff --git a/esphome/components/daly_bms/text_sensor.py b/esphome/components/daly_bms/text_sensor.py
index 9f4e2df85a..1a91081bbf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/daly_bms/text_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/daly_bms/text_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_STATUS
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_BMS_DALY_ID, DalyBmsComponent
 
@@ -23,13 +25,13 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def setup_conf(config, key, hub):
+async def setup_conf(config: ConfigType, key: str, hub: MockObj) -> None:
     if sensor_config := config.get(key):
         sens = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(sensor_config)
         cg.add(getattr(hub, f"set_{key}_text_sensor")(sens))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_BMS_DALY_ID])
     for key in TYPES:
         await setup_conf(config, key, hub)
diff --git a/esphome/components/dashboard_import/__init__.py b/esphome/components/dashboard_import/__init__.py
index 000db307b9..906e9762bf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dashboard_import/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/dashboard_import/__init__.py
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ import base64
 from pathlib import Path
 import re
 import secrets
+from typing import Any
 
-import requests
 from ruamel.yaml import YAML
 
 from esphome import git
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ from esphome.components.packages import validate_source_shorthand
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ESPHOME, CONF_PROJECT, CONF_REF, CONF_WIFI
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.net_retry import fetch_with_retry, http_request
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 from esphome.yaml_util import dump
 
 dashboard_import_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("dashboard_import")
@@ -22,14 +24,14 @@ DEPENDENCIES = ["api"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
 
 
-def validate_import_url(value):
+def validate_import_url(value: Any) -> str:
     value = cv.string_strict(value)
     value = cv.Length(max=255)(value)
     validate_source_shorthand(value)
     return value
 
 
-def validate_full_url(config):
+def validate_full_url(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if not config[CONF_IMPORT_FULL_CONFIG]:
         return config
     source = validate_source_shorthand(config[CONF_PACKAGE_IMPORT_URL])
@@ -54,7 +56,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate(config):
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     full_config = fv.full_config.get()[CONF_ESPHOME]
     if CONF_PROJECT not in full_config:
         raise cv.Invalid(
@@ -72,7 +74,7 @@ wifi:
 """
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_define("USE_DASHBOARD_IMPORT")
     url = config[CONF_PACKAGE_IMPORT_URL]
     if config[CONF_IMPORT_FULL_CONFIG]:
@@ -108,13 +110,20 @@ def import_config(
 
     if git_file.query and "full_config" in git_file.query:
         url = git_file.raw_url
-        try:
-            req = requests.get(url, timeout=30)
+
+        # Deferred so config-time imports of this component stay light;
+        # http_request does the lazy import for the request itself.
+        import requests
+
+        def _fetch() -> str:
+            req = http_request("GET", url, timeout=30)
             req.raise_for_status()
+            return req.text
+
+        try:
+            contents = fetch_with_retry(url, _fetch, what="Import")
         except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
             raise ValueError(f"Error while fetching {url}: {e}") from e
-
-        contents = req.text
         yaml = YAML()
         loaded_yaml = yaml.load(contents)
         if (
diff --git a/esphome/components/datetime/__init__.py b/esphome/components/datetime/__init__.py
index 87997daa3d..f8b6446006 100644
--- a/esphome/components/datetime/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/datetime/__init__.py
@@ -21,13 +21,14 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_WEB_SERVER,
     CONF_YEAR,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import (
     entity_duplicate_validator,
     queue_entity_register,
     setup_entity,
 )
-from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, MockObjClass, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType, SafeExpType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@rfdarter", "@jesserockz"]
 
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ DATETIME_MODES = [
 ]
 
 
-def _validate_time_present(config):
+def _validate_time_present(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     config = config.copy()
     if CONF_ON_TIME in config and CONF_TIME_ID not in config:
         time_id = cv.use_id(time.RealTimeClock)(None)
@@ -139,7 +140,7 @@ def datetime_schema(class_: MockObjClass) -> cv.Schema:
 
 
 @setup_entity("datetime")
-async def setup_datetime_core_(var, config):
+async def setup_datetime_core_(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if (mqtt_id := config.get(CONF_MQTT_ID)) is not None:
         mqtt_ = cg.new_Pvariable(mqtt_id, var)
         await mqtt.register_mqtt_component(mqtt_, config)
@@ -160,7 +161,7 @@ async def setup_datetime_core_(var, config):
         await cg.register_parented(trigger, var)
 
 
-async def register_datetime(var, config):
+async def register_datetime(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if not CORE.has_id(config[CONF_ID]):
         var = cg.Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], var)
     entity_type = config[CONF_TYPE].lower()
@@ -169,14 +170,14 @@ async def register_datetime(var, config):
     await setup_datetime_core_(var, config)
 
 
-async def new_datetime(config, *args):
+async def new_datetime(config: ConfigType, *args: SafeExpType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], *args)
     await register_datetime(var, config)
     return var
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.CORE)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_global(datetime_ns.using)
 
 
@@ -193,7 +194,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def datetime_date_set_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def datetime_date_set_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     action_var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(action_var, config[CONF_ID])
 
@@ -226,7 +232,12 @@ async def datetime_date_set_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def datetime_time_set_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def datetime_time_set_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     action_var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(action_var, config[CONF_ID])
 
@@ -259,7 +270,12 @@ async def datetime_time_set_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def datetime_datetime_set_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def datetime_datetime_set_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     action_var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(action_var, config[CONF_ID])
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/datetime/date_entity.cpp b/esphome/components/datetime/date_entity.cpp
index 997aec3f69..b99b89259f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/datetime/date_entity.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/datetime/date_entity.cpp
@@ -37,8 +37,6 @@ void DateEntity::publish_state() {
 #endif
 }
 
-DateCall DateEntity::make_call() { return DateCall(this); }
-
 void DateCall::validate_() {
   if (this->year_.has_value() && (this->year_ < 1970 || this->year_ > 3000)) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Year must be between 1970 and 3000");
diff --git a/esphome/components/datetime/date_entity.h b/esphome/components/datetime/date_entity.h
index 9b86c12228..93ce1411f8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/datetime/date_entity.h
+++ b/esphome/components/datetime/date_entity.h
@@ -96,6 +96,8 @@ class DateCall {
   optional<uint8_t> day_;
 };
 
+inline DateCall DateEntity::make_call() { return DateCall(this); }
+
 template<typename... Ts> class DateSetAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<DateEntity> {
  public:
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(ESPTime, date)
diff --git a/esphome/components/datetime/datetime_entity.cpp b/esphome/components/datetime/datetime_entity.cpp
index a8e00d6eb3..8f180fd081 100644
--- a/esphome/components/datetime/datetime_entity.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/datetime/datetime_entity.cpp
@@ -53,8 +53,6 @@ void DateTimeEntity::publish_state() {
 #endif
 }
 
-DateTimeCall DateTimeEntity::make_call() { return DateTimeCall(this); }
-
 ESPTime DateTimeEntity::state_as_esptime() const {
   ESPTime obj;
   obj.year = this->year_;
diff --git a/esphome/components/datetime/datetime_entity.h b/esphome/components/datetime/datetime_entity.h
index 159e4ccc6f..fec620b5ba 100644
--- a/esphome/components/datetime/datetime_entity.h
+++ b/esphome/components/datetime/datetime_entity.h
@@ -121,6 +121,8 @@ class DateTimeCall {
   optional<uint8_t> second_;
 };
 
+inline DateTimeCall DateTimeEntity::make_call() { return DateTimeCall(this); }
+
 template<typename... Ts> class DateTimeSetAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<DateTimeEntity> {
  public:
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(ESPTime, datetime)
diff --git a/esphome/components/datetime/time_entity.cpp b/esphome/components/datetime/time_entity.cpp
index 1cc9eaf2fb..da4c9eb31e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/datetime/time_entity.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/datetime/time_entity.cpp
@@ -33,8 +33,6 @@ void TimeEntity::publish_state() {
 #endif
 }
 
-TimeCall TimeEntity::make_call() { return TimeCall(this); }
-
 void TimeCall::validate_() {
   if (this->hour_.has_value() && this->hour_ > 23) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Hour must be between 0 and 23");
diff --git a/esphome/components/datetime/time_entity.h b/esphome/components/datetime/time_entity.h
index 643f4bd176..736e26f4a7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/datetime/time_entity.h
+++ b/esphome/components/datetime/time_entity.h
@@ -98,6 +98,8 @@ class TimeCall {
   optional<uint8_t> second_;
 };
 
+inline TimeCall TimeEntity::make_call() { return TimeCall(this); }
+
 template<typename... Ts> class TimeSetAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<TimeEntity> {
  public:
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(ESPTime, time)
diff --git a/esphome/components/debug/__init__.py b/esphome/components/debug/__init__.py
index 3e94d04f21..a889d13329 100644
--- a/esphome/components/debug/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/debug/__init__.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     PlatformFramework,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["logger"]
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if CORE.using_zephyr:
         zephyr_add_prj_conf("HWINFO", True)
         # gdb thread support
diff --git a/esphome/components/debug/debug_esp32.cpp b/esphome/components/debug/debug_esp32.cpp
index 7c01f9b54f..969cd840cf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/debug/debug_esp32.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/debug/debug_esp32.cpp
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include <esp_sleep.h>
 #include <esp_idf_version.h>
 
@@ -249,7 +250,7 @@ size_t DebugComponent::get_device_info_(std::span<char, DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE>
   const char *reset_reason = get_reset_reason_(std::span<char, RESET_REASON_BUFFER_SIZE>(reset_buffer));
   const char *wakeup_cause = get_wakeup_cause_(std::span<char, WAKEUP_CAUSE_BUFFER_SIZE>(wakeup_buffer));
 
-  uint8_t mac[6];
+  uint8_t mac[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];
   get_mac_address_raw(mac);
 
   ESP_LOGD(TAG,
diff --git a/esphome/components/debug/debug_rp2.cpp b/esphome/components/debug/debug_rp2.cpp
index 336e9c7e06..4ace4be0a3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/debug/debug_rp2.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/debug/debug_rp2.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 #include "debug_component.h"
 #ifdef USE_RP2
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
-#include <Arduino.h>
+#include <hardware/clocks.h>
 #include <hardware/watchdog.h>
 #if defined(PICO_RP2350)
 #include <hardware/structs/powman.h>
@@ -68,13 +69,14 @@ const char *DebugComponent::get_reset_reason_(std::span<char, RESET_REASON_BUFFE
 
 const char *DebugComponent::get_wakeup_cause_(std::span<char, WAKEUP_CAUSE_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer) { return ""; }
 
-uint32_t DebugComponent::get_free_heap_() { return ::rp2040.getFreeHeap(); }
+// RAMAllocator already implements the free-heap calculation for this platform, so it is not duplicated here.
+uint32_t DebugComponent::get_free_heap_() { return RAMAllocator<uint8_t>().get_free_heap_size(); }
 
 size_t DebugComponent::get_device_info_(std::span<char, DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer, size_t pos) {
   constexpr size_t size = DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE;
   char *buf = buffer.data();
 
-  uint32_t cpu_freq = RP2040::f_cpu();
+  uint32_t cpu_freq = clock_get_hz(clk_sys);
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "CPU Frequency: %" PRIu32, cpu_freq);
   pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|CPU Frequency: %" PRIu32, cpu_freq);
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/debug/sensor.py b/esphome/components/debug/sensor.py
index a018ce5c3b..72e2efebc2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/debug/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/debug/sensor.py
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_MILLISECOND,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import (  # noqa: F401  pylint: disable=unused-import
     CONF_DEBUG_ID,
@@ -111,7 +112,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     debug_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_DEBUG_ID])
 
     if free_conf := config.get(CONF_FREE):
diff --git a/esphome/components/debug/text_sensor.py b/esphome/components/debug/text_sensor.py
index c69b8d9461..9d4fcc1b42 100644
--- a/esphome/components/debug/text_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/debug/text_sensor.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ICON_CHIP,
     ICON_RESTART,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import (  # noqa: F401  pylint: disable=unused-import
     CONF_DEBUG_ID,
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     debug_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_DEBUG_ID])
 
     if CONF_DEVICE in config:
diff --git a/esphome/components/deep_sleep/__init__.py b/esphome/components/deep_sleep/__init__.py
index 3b70f947d2..dc03708645 100644
--- a/esphome/components/deep_sleep/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/deep_sleep/__init__.py
@@ -38,7 +38,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     PLATFORM_NRF52,
     PlatformFramework,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 WAKEUP_PINS = {
@@ -162,6 +163,11 @@ def validate_config(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
                     "You need to remove the global wakeup_pin_mode and define it per pin"
                 )
             if wakeup_pins:
+                if CONF_WAKEUP_PIN_MODE in wakeup_pins[0]:
+                    raise cv.Invalid(
+                        "Specify wakeup_pin_mode either at the top level under deep_sleep "
+                        "or under the pin entry, not both"
+                    )
                 wakeup_pins[0][CONF_WAKEUP_PIN_MODE] = config.pop(CONF_WAKEUP_PIN_MODE)
     elif (
         isinstance(config.get(CONF_WAKEUP_PIN), list)
@@ -174,7 +180,7 @@ def validate_config(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     return config
 
 
-def _validate_ex1_wakeup_mode(value):
+def _validate_ex1_wakeup_mode(value: str) -> str:
     if value == "ALL_LOW":
         esp32.only_on_variant(supported=[VARIANT_ESP32], msg_prefix="ALL_LOW")(value)
     if value == "ANY_LOW":
@@ -345,7 +351,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
@@ -458,7 +464,12 @@ DEEP_SLEEP_ENTER_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     DEEP_SLEEP_ENTER_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def deep_sleep_enter_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def deep_sleep_enter_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
     if CONF_SLEEP_DURATION in config:
@@ -487,7 +498,12 @@ async def deep_sleep_enter_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     automation.maybe_simple_id(DEEP_SLEEP_ACTION_SCHEMA),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def deep_sleep_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def deep_sleep_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_bk72xx.cpp b/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_bk72xx.cpp
index 73e0331c76..2c97dc3211 100644
--- a/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_bk72xx.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_bk72xx.cpp
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::deep_sleep {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "deep_sleep.bk72xx";
+static const char *const TAG = "deep_sleep";
 
 #ifdef USE_DEEP_SLEEP_ON_WAKE
 WakeupCause get_wakeup_cause() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_component.cpp b/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_component.cpp
index e7ce70b60c..9a3e537e05 100644
--- a/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_component.cpp
@@ -43,10 +43,6 @@ void DeepSleepComponent::loop() {
     this->begin_sleep();
 }
 
-void DeepSleepComponent::set_sleep_duration(uint32_t time_ms) { this->sleep_duration_ = uint64_t(time_ms) * 1000; }
-
-void DeepSleepComponent::set_run_duration(uint32_t time_ms) { this->run_duration_ = time_ms; }
-
 void DeepSleepComponent::begin_sleep(bool manual) {
   if (this->prevent_ && !manual) {
     this->next_enter_deep_sleep_ = true;
@@ -76,8 +72,4 @@ void DeepSleepComponent::begin_sleep(bool manual) {
 
 float DeepSleepComponent::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::LATE; }
 
-void DeepSleepComponent::prevent_deep_sleep() { this->prevent_ = true; }
-
-void DeepSleepComponent::allow_deep_sleep() { this->prevent_ = false; }
-
 }  // namespace esphome::deep_sleep
diff --git a/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_component.h b/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_component.h
index a620d52a02..208f88d707 100644
--- a/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_component.h
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class PreventDeepSleepAction;
 class DeepSleepComponent final : public Component {
  public:
   /// Set the duration in ms the component should sleep once it's in deep sleep mode.
-  void set_sleep_duration(uint32_t time_ms);
+  void set_sleep_duration(uint32_t time_ms) { this->sleep_duration_ = uint64_t(time_ms) * 1000; }
 #if defined(USE_ESP32)
   /** Set the pin to wake up to on the ESP32 once it's in deep sleep mode.
    * Use the inverted property to set the wakeup level.
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ class DeepSleepComponent final : public Component {
 #if !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C2) && !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3) && \
     !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C5) && !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6) && \
     !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C61) && !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2)
-  void set_touch_wakeup(bool touch_wakeup);
+  void set_touch_wakeup(bool touch_wakeup) { this->touch_wakeup_ = touch_wakeup; }
 #endif
 
   // Set the duration in ms for how long the code should run before entering
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ class DeepSleepComponent final : public Component {
 #endif  // USE_ESP32
 
   /// Set a duration in ms for how long the code should run before entering deep sleep mode.
-  void set_run_duration(uint32_t time_ms);
+  void set_run_duration(uint32_t time_ms) { this->run_duration_ = time_ms; }
 
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
@@ -176,8 +176,8 @@ class DeepSleepComponent final : public Component {
   /// Helper to enter deep sleep mode
   void begin_sleep(bool manual = false);
 
-  void prevent_deep_sleep();
-  void allow_deep_sleep();
+  void prevent_deep_sleep() { this->prevent_ = true; }
+  void allow_deep_sleep() { this->prevent_ = false; }
 
  protected:
   // Returns nullopt if no run duration is set. Otherwise, returns the run
diff --git a/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_esp32.cpp b/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_esp32.cpp
index f64e1f37e1..3fa1a1f1ed 100644
--- a/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_esp32.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_esp32.cpp
@@ -74,12 +74,6 @@ void DeepSleepComponent::set_wakeup_pin_mode(WakeupPinMode wakeup_pin_mode) {
 void DeepSleepComponent::set_ext1_wakeup(Ext1Wakeup ext1_wakeup) { this->ext1_wakeup_ = ext1_wakeup; }
 #endif
 
-#if !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C2) && !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3) && \
-    !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C5) && !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6) && \
-    !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C61) && !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2)
-void DeepSleepComponent::set_touch_wakeup(bool touch_wakeup) { this->touch_wakeup_ = touch_wakeup; }
-#endif
-
 void DeepSleepComponent::set_run_duration(WakeupCauseToRunDuration wakeup_cause_to_run_duration) {
   wakeup_cause_to_run_duration_ = wakeup_cause_to_run_duration;
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/delonghi/climate.py b/esphome/components/delonghi/climate.py
index 63576f032d..919bf7b806 100644
--- a/esphome/components/delonghi/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/delonghi/climate.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 
@@ -9,5 +10,5 @@ DelonghiClimate = delonghi_ns.class_("DelonghiClimate", climate_ir.ClimateIR)
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(DelonghiClimate)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/demo/__init__.py b/esphome/components/demo/__init__.py
index 2af0c18c18..75feaa65af 100644
--- a/esphome/components/demo/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/demo/__init__.py
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PERCENT,
     UNIT_WATT_HOURS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = [
     "alarm_control_panel",
@@ -550,7 +551,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     for conf in config[CONF_ALARM_CONTROL_PANELS]:
         var = await alarm_control_panel.new_alarm_control_panel(conf)
         cg.add(var.set_type(conf[CONF_TYPE]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/dew_point/sensor.py b/esphome/components/dew_point/sensor.py
index 4fee095602..555fdef289 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dew_point/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/dew_point/sensor.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["sensor"]
 
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/__init__.py b/esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/__init__.py
index 943c510279..51562f923c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/__init__.py
@@ -1,9 +1,14 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import automation
 from esphome.automation import maybe_simple_id
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_FACTORY_RESET, CONF_ID, CONF_SENSITIVITY
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@niklasweber"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
@@ -38,7 +43,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
@@ -54,14 +59,19 @@ async def to_code(config):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def dfrobot_sen0395_reset_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def dfrobot_sen0395_reset_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
 
     return var
 
 
-def range_segment_list(input):
+def range_segment_list(input: Any) -> list:
     """Validate input is a list of ranges which can be used to configure the dfrobot mmwave radar
 
     A list of segments should be provided. A minimum of one segment is required and a maximum of
@@ -154,7 +164,12 @@ MMWAVE_SETTINGS_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     MMWAVE_SETTINGS_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def dfrobot_sen0395_settings_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def dfrobot_sen0395_settings_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/binary_sensor.py
index 193ef925a4..e299c35a42 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/binary_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import DEVICE_CLASS_MOTION
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_DFROBOT_SEN0395_ID, DfrobotSen0395Component
 
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_DFROBOT_SEN0395_ID])
     binary_sens = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/switch/__init__.py
index 8e492080de..22aaa1640c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/switch/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import switch
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_TYPE, ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_DFROBOT_SEN0395_ID, DfrobotSen0395Component
 
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.typed_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_DFROBOT_SEN0395_ID])
     var = await switch.new_switch(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/dht/dht.cpp b/esphome/components/dht/dht.cpp
index 5b7b6a268f..2196f3a982 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dht/dht.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/dht/dht.cpp
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ void DHT::dump_config() {
                 "DHT:\n"
                 "  %sModel: %s\n"
                 "  Internal pull-up: %s",
-                this->is_auto_detect_ ? "Auto-detected " : "",
-                this->model_ == DHT_MODEL_DHT11 ? "DHT11" : "DHT22 or equivalent",
+                this->is_auto_detect_ ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("Auto-detected ") : "",
+                this->model_ == DHT_MODEL_DHT11 ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("DHT11") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("DHT22 or equivalent"),
                 ONOFF(this->t_pin_->get_flags() & gpio::FLAG_PULLUP));
   LOG_PIN("  Pin: ", this->t_pin_);
   LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
@@ -154,8 +154,9 @@ bool HOT IRAM_ATTR DHT::read_sensor_(float *temperature, float *humidity, bool r
     }
   }
   if (error_code != 0) {
-    if (report_errors)
+    if (report_errors) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL);
+    }
     return false;
   }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/dht/sensor.py b/esphome/components/dht/sensor.py
index d907495ba2..7376adb287 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dht/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/dht/sensor.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
 from esphome.cpp_helpers import gpio_pin_expression
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 dht_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("dht")
 DHTModel = dht_ns.enum("DHTModel")
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/dht12/sensor.py b/esphome/components/dht12/sensor.py
index eb93cbae2c..2bc6e94515 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dht12/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/dht12/sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/display/display.cpp b/esphome/components/display/display.cpp
index 115adf503a..c2d45dbb60 100644
--- a/esphome/components/display/display.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/display/display.cpp
@@ -685,9 +685,6 @@ void Display::show_page(DisplayPage *page) {
   }
 }
 
-void Display::show_next_page() { this->page_->show_next(); }
-void Display::show_prev_page() { this->page_->show_prev(); }
-
 void Display::do_update_() {
   if (this->auto_clear_enabled_) {
     this->clear();
@@ -892,9 +889,6 @@ void DisplayPage::show_prev() {
   this->prev_->show();
 }
 
-void DisplayPage::set_parent(Display *parent) { this->parent_ = parent; }
-void DisplayPage::set_prev(DisplayPage *prev) { this->prev_ = prev; }
-void DisplayPage::set_next(DisplayPage *next) { this->next_ = next; }
 const display_writer_t &DisplayPage::get_writer() const { return this->writer_; }
 
 const LogString *text_align_to_string(TextAlign textalign) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/display/display.h b/esphome/components/display/display.h
index 3a136937f6..a9ffda422d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/display/display.h
+++ b/esphome/components/display/display.h
@@ -802,9 +802,9 @@ class DisplayPage final {
   void show();
   void show_next();
   void show_prev();
-  void set_parent(Display *parent);
-  void set_prev(DisplayPage *prev);
-  void set_next(DisplayPage *next);
+  void set_parent(Display *parent) { this->parent_ = parent; }
+  void set_prev(DisplayPage *prev) { this->prev_ = prev; }
+  void set_next(DisplayPage *next) { this->next_ = next; }
   const display_writer_t &get_writer() const;
 
  protected:
@@ -814,6 +814,9 @@ class DisplayPage final {
   DisplayPage *next_{nullptr};
 };
 
+inline void Display::show_next_page() { this->page_->show_next(); }
+inline void Display::show_prev_page() { this->page_->show_prev(); }
+
 template<typename... Ts> class DisplayPageShowAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(DisplayPage *, page)
diff --git a/esphome/components/display_menu_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/display_menu_base/__init__.py
index 9125c43f0c..2120abe5f7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/display_menu_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/display_menu_base/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import re
 from esphome import automation, core
 from esphome.automation import maybe_simple_id
 import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_LABEL
 from esphome.components.number import Number
 from esphome.components.select import Select
 from esphome.components.switch import Switch
@@ -30,7 +31,6 @@ display_menu_base_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("display_menu_base")
 
 CONF_ROTARY = "rotary"
 CONF_JOYSTICK = "joystick"
-CONF_LABEL = "label"
 CONF_MENU = "menu"
 CONF_BACK = "back"
 CONF_SELECT = "select"
diff --git a/esphome/components/dlms_meter/__init__.py b/esphome/components/dlms_meter/__init__.py
index b747f73a14..00a1694cc3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dlms_meter/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/dlms_meter/__init__.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import logging
 import re
+from typing import Any
 
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import esp32, uart
@@ -12,6 +13,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_RECEIVE_TIMEOUT,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -33,13 +35,13 @@ DlmsMeterComponent = dlms_meter_component_ns.class_(
 )
 
 
-def obis_code(value):
+def obis_code(value: Any) -> str:
     # Normalize the OBIS code to the strict A.B.C.D.E.F format
     bytes_list = parse_obis_code_bytes(value)
     return ".".join(str(b) for b in bytes_list)
 
 
-def parse_obis_code_bytes(value):
+def parse_obis_code_bytes(value: Any) -> list[int]:
     value = cv.string(value)
     normalized = re.sub(r"[\-\:\*]", ".", value)
     parts = normalized.split(".")
@@ -57,19 +59,19 @@ def parse_obis_code_bytes(value):
     return bytes_list
 
 
-def custom_pattern_dict(value):
+def custom_pattern_dict(value: Any) -> ConfigType:
     if isinstance(value, str):
         return {CONF_PATTERN: value}
     return value
 
 
-def validate_custom_pattern(value):
+def validate_custom_pattern(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_DEFAULT_OBIS in value and CONF_NAME not in value:
         raise cv.Invalid(f"'{CONF_DEFAULT_OBIS}' requires '{CONF_NAME}' to be set")
     return value
 
 
-def validate_provider_deprecation(config):
+def validate_provider_deprecation(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_PROVIDER in config:
         provider = str(config[CONF_PROVIDER]).lower()
         if provider == "netznoe":
@@ -154,7 +156,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema("dlms_meter", require_rx=True)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     dec_key_expr = cg.RawExpression("std::nullopt")
     if dec_key := config.get(CONF_DECRYPTION_KEY):
         key_bytes = [str(int(dec_key[i : i + 2], 16)) for i in range(0, 32, 2)]
diff --git a/esphome/components/dlms_meter/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/dlms_meter/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index f9bc1d9df7..a15e58b957 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dlms_meter/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/dlms_meter/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_DLMS_METER_ID, CONF_OBIS_CODE, DlmsMeterComponent, obis_code
 
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema().extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_DLMS_METER_ID])
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     cg.add(hub.register_binary_sensor(config[CONF_OBIS_CODE], var))
diff --git a/esphome/components/dlms_meter/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/dlms_meter/sensor/__init__.py
index ec4639351d..8ded150cd0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dlms_meter/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/dlms_meter/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_WATT,
     UNIT_WATT_HOURS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_DLMS_METER_ID, CONF_OBIS_CODE, DlmsMeterComponent, obis_code
 
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ DYNAMIC_SCHEMA = sensor.sensor_schema().extend(
 )
 
 
-def deprecation_warning(config):
+def deprecation_warning(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     _LOGGER.warning(
         "The dlms_meter sensor schema using predefined keys (e.g., 'voltage_l1') is deprecated and will be removed in 2026.11.0. "
         "Please update your configuration to use the new schema with 'obis_code'."
@@ -145,7 +146,7 @@ OLD_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Any(DYNAMIC_SCHEMA, OLD_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_DLMS_METER_ID])
 
     if obis := config.get(CONF_OBIS_CODE):
diff --git a/esphome/components/dlms_meter/text_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/dlms_meter/text_sensor/__init__.py
index 0bfb43a285..c2ff0779ee 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dlms_meter/text_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/dlms_meter/text_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import logging
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_DLMS_METER_ID, CONF_OBIS_CODE, DlmsMeterComponent, obis_code
 
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ DYNAMIC_SCHEMA = text_sensor.text_sensor_schema().extend(
 )
 
 
-def deprecation_warning(config):
+def deprecation_warning(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     _LOGGER.warning(
         "The dlms_meter text_sensor schema using predefined keys (e.g., 'timestamp') is deprecated and will be removed in 2026.11.0. "
         "Please update your configuration to use the new schema with 'obis_code'."
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ OLD_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Any(DYNAMIC_SCHEMA, OLD_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_DLMS_METER_ID])
 
     if obis := config.get(CONF_OBIS_CODE):
diff --git a/esphome/components/dps310/sensor.py b/esphome/components/dps310/sensor.py
index 605812beaa..8b8fd8373b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dps310/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/dps310/sensor.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_HECTOPASCAL,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ds1307/time.py b/esphome/components/ds1307/time.py
index 0e7bb976a2..a3ae3eb5af 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ds1307/time.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ds1307/time.py
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, time
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@badbadc0ffee"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -29,7 +32,12 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = time.TIME_SCHEMA.extend(
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def ds1307_write_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def ds1307_write_time_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
@@ -45,13 +53,18 @@ async def ds1307_write_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def ds1307_read_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def ds1307_read_time_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
 
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ds1603l/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ds1603l/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/esphome/components/ds1603l/ds1603l.cpp b/esphome/components/ds1603l/ds1603l.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b0b0ef8175
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ds1603l/ds1603l.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#include "ds1603l.h"
+
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ds1603l {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "ds1603l.sensor";
+
+void DS1603L::loop() {
+  // Assemble frames one byte at a time so a stream that starts mid-frame can realign
+  uint8_t byte;
+  while (this->available() > 0 && this->read_byte(&byte)) {
+    if (this->rx_count_ == 0 && byte != HEADER_BYTE) {
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Skipping byte 0x%02X while looking for header", byte);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    this->rx_buffer_[this->rx_count_++] = byte;
+    if (this->rx_count_ < FRAME_SIZE) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (this->parse_data_()) {
+      this->rx_count_ = 0;
+    } else {
+      // The header byte was part of the payload of a misaligned frame, so realign instead of dropping everything
+      this->resync_();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void DS1603L::dump_config() { LOG_SENSOR("", "DS1603L", this); }
+
+bool DS1603L::parse_data_() {
+  uint8_t header = this->rx_buffer_[0];
+  uint8_t data_h = this->rx_buffer_[1];
+  uint8_t data_l = this->rx_buffer_[2];
+  uint8_t checksum = this->rx_buffer_[3];
+
+  uint8_t computed_checksum = (header + data_h + data_l) & 0xFF;
+
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Data: Header=0x%02X, Data_H=0x%02X, Data_L=0x%02X, Checksum=0x%02X", header, data_h, data_l, checksum);
+
+  if (checksum != computed_checksum) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Checksum mismatch: received 0x%02X, expected 0x%02X", checksum, computed_checksum);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  this->publish_state(encode_uint16(data_h, data_l));
+  return true;
+}
+
+void DS1603L::resync_() {
+  // Drop the byte that was treated as the header, then look for the next candidate header in what is left
+  size_t start = 1;
+  while (start < this->rx_count_ && this->rx_buffer_[start] != HEADER_BYTE) {
+    start++;
+  }
+  this->rx_count_ -= start;
+  if (this->rx_count_ > 0) {
+    memmove(this->rx_buffer_, this->rx_buffer_ + start, this->rx_count_);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ds1603l
diff --git a/esphome/components/ds1603l/ds1603l.h b/esphome/components/ds1603l/ds1603l.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9041681f5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ds1603l/ds1603l.h
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
+#include "esphome/components/uart/uart.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ds1603l {
+
+class DS1603L final : public sensor::Sensor, public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
+ public:
+  void loop() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+
+ protected:
+  static constexpr uint8_t HEADER_BYTE = 0xFF;
+  static constexpr size_t FRAME_SIZE = 4;
+
+  // Validates the checksum of the frame in rx_buffer_ and publishes it. Returns false if the frame is invalid.
+  bool parse_data_();
+  // Drops the first buffered byte and realigns the buffer on the next possible header byte.
+  void resync_();
+
+  uint8_t rx_buffer_[FRAME_SIZE];  // Buffer for the frame being assembled
+  size_t rx_count_{0};             // Number of bytes currently in rx_buffer_
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ds1603l
diff --git a/esphome/components/ds1603l/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ds1603l/sensor.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c4f117c603
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ds1603l/sensor.py
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import sensor, uart
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
+    STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+    UNIT_MILLIMETER,
+)
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+CODEOWNERS = ["@JakeLC15"]
+DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+
+ds1603l_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("ds1603l")
+DS1603L = ds1603l_ns.class_("DS1603L", sensor.Sensor, cg.Component, uart.UARTDevice)
+
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    sensor.sensor_schema(
+        DS1603L,
+        unit_of_measurement=UNIT_MILLIMETER,
+        accuracy_decimals=0,
+        device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
+        state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+    )
+    .extend(uart.UART_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+)
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
+    "ds1603l",
+    baud_rate=9600,
+    require_tx=False,
+    require_rx=True,
+    data_bits=8,
+    stop_bits=1,
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ds2484/one_wire.py b/esphome/components/ds2484/one_wire.py
index 384b2d01e6..f6277cd68e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ds2484/one_wire.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ds2484/one_wire.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import i2c
 from esphome.components.one_wire import OneWireBus
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 ds2484_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("ds2484")
 
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ds248x/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ds248x/__init__.py
index 5a26ceab50..a2e2a87ed0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ds248x/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ds248x/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_SLEEP_PIN, CONF_TYPE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@tomwellnitz"]
 MULTI_CONF = True
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ ds248x_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("ds248x")
 DS248xComponent = ds248x_ns.class_("DS248xComponent", cg.Component, i2c.I2CDevice)
 
 
-def _component_schema(*extras):
+def _component_schema(*extras: dict) -> cv.Schema:
     schema = cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(DS248xComponent),
@@ -79,11 +80,11 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.typed_schema(
 )
 
 
-def get_channel_count(config):
+def get_channel_count(config: ConfigType) -> int:
     return CHANNEL_COUNTS[config[CONF_TYPE]]
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ds248x/one_wire.py b/esphome/components/ds248x/one_wire.py
index 19861eae36..b028958132 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ds248x/one_wire.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ds248x/one_wire.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components.one_wire import OneWireBus
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_DS248X_ID, DS248xComponent, ds248x_ns, get_channel_count
 
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-def _final_validate(config):
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     """Validate that the channel is within the parent's channel count."""
     fconf = fv.full_config.get()
     path = fconf.get_path_for_id(config[CONF_DS248X_ID])[:-1]
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ def _final_validate(config):
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/dsmr/__init__.py b/esphome/components/dsmr/__init__.py
index 34f37ace35..96a1e75668 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dsmr/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/dsmr/__init__.py
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     uart_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_UART_ID])
     if CONF_REQUEST_PIN in config:
         request_pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_REQUEST_PIN])
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     cg.add_library("esphome/dsmr_parser", "1.9.0")
 
 
-def final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+def final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     full_config = fv.full_config.get()
 
     for uart_conf in full_config["uart"]:
@@ -102,7 +102,5 @@ def final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
                 )
             break
 
-    return config
-
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = final_validate
diff --git a/esphome/components/dsmr/sensor.py b/esphome/components/dsmr/sensor.py
index 7d93ee62e1..6aecc62d6b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dsmr/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/dsmr/sensor.py
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_SECOND,
     UNIT_VOLT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_DSMR_ID, Dsmr
 
@@ -812,7 +813,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_DSMR_ID])
 
     sensors = []
diff --git a/esphome/components/dsmr/text_sensor.py b/esphome/components/dsmr/text_sensor.py
index 54b5711923..4945ba965c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dsmr/text_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/dsmr/text_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_INTERNAL
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_DSMR_ID, Dsmr
 
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_DSMR_ID])
 
     text_sensors = []
diff --git a/esphome/components/duty_cycle/sensor.py b/esphome/components/duty_cycle/sensor.py
index 37c889cd85..b7aa1777c8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/duty_cycle/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/duty_cycle/sensor.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_PIN, ICON_PERCENT, STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT, UNIT_PERCENT
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 duty_cycle_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("duty_cycle")
 DutyCycleSensor = duty_cycle_ns.class_(
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/duty_time/sensor.py b/esphome/components/duty_time/sensor.py
index 456859f8e4..6d878a80a5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/duty_time/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/duty_time/sensor.py
@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING,
     UNIT_SECOND,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_LAST_TIME = "last_time"
 
@@ -66,7 +69,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     cg.add(var.set_restore(config[CONF_RESTORE]))
@@ -93,7 +96,12 @@ DUTY_TIME_ID_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
 @register_action(
     "sensor.duty_time.start", StartAction, DUTY_TIME_ID_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
-async def sensor_runtime_start_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def sensor_runtime_start_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
@@ -102,7 +110,12 @@ async def sensor_runtime_start_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 @register_action(
     "sensor.duty_time.stop", StopAction, DUTY_TIME_ID_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
-async def sensor_runtime_stop_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def sensor_runtime_stop_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
@@ -111,7 +124,12 @@ async def sensor_runtime_stop_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 @register_action(
     "sensor.duty_time.reset", ResetAction, DUTY_TIME_ID_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
-async def sensor_runtime_reset_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def sensor_runtime_reset_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
@@ -120,7 +138,12 @@ async def sensor_runtime_reset_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 @register_condition(
     "sensor.duty_time.is_running", RunningCondition, DUTY_TIME_ID_SCHEMA
 )
-async def duty_time_is_running_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
+async def duty_time_is_running_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    condition_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg, paren, True)
 
@@ -128,6 +151,11 @@ async def duty_time_is_running_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args)
 @register_condition(
     "sensor.duty_time.is_not_running", RunningCondition, DUTY_TIME_ID_SCHEMA
 )
-async def duty_time_is_not_running_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
+async def duty_time_is_not_running_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    condition_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg, paren, False)
diff --git a/esphome/components/e131/__init__.py b/esphome/components/e131/__init__.py
index a1a8e0aec5..3b1eb99e60 100644
--- a/esphome/components/e131/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/e131/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@ from esphome.components.light.effects import register_addressable_effect
 from esphome.components.light.types import AddressableLightEffect
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNELS, CONF_ID, CONF_METHOD, CONF_NAME
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["socket"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["network"]
@@ -32,7 +35,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     cg.add(var.set_method(METHODS[config[CONF_METHOD]]))
@@ -48,7 +51,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cv.Optional(CONF_CHANNELS, default="RGB"): cv.one_of(*CHANNELS, upper=True),
     },
 )
-async def e131_light_effect_to_code(config, effect_id):
+async def e131_light_effect_to_code(config: ConfigType, effect_id: ID) -> MockObj:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_E131_ID])
 
     effect = cg.new_Pvariable(effect_id, config[CONF_NAME])
diff --git a/esphome/components/ee895/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ee895/sensor.py
index 8c9c7e7238..fdad47fb05 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ee895/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ee895/sensor.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_HECTOPASCAL,
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@Stock-M"]
 
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ektf2232/touchscreen/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ektf2232/touchscreen/__init__.py
index 64bb17a7db..7636b6993a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ektf2232/touchscreen/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ektf2232/touchscreen/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, touchscreen
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN, CONF_RESET_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = touchscreen.TOUCHSCREEN_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await touchscreen.register_touchscreen(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/emc2101/__init__.py b/esphome/components/emc2101/__init__.py
index 323195e99a..639847345f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/emc2101/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/emc2101/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INVERTED, CONF_RESOLUTION
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@ellull"]
 
@@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/emc2101/emc2101.cpp b/esphome/components/emc2101/emc2101.cpp
index f46082f5e7..bb041bfd6d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/emc2101/emc2101.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/emc2101/emc2101.cpp
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ void Emc2101Component::dump_config() {
   if (this->is_failed()) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL);
   }
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Mode: %s", this->dac_mode_ ? "DAC" : "PWM");
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Mode: %s", this->dac_mode_ ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("DAC") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("PWM"));
   if (this->dac_mode_) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  DAC Conversion Rate: %X", this->dac_conversion_rate_);
   } else {
diff --git a/esphome/components/emc2101/output/__init__.py b/esphome/components/emc2101/output/__init__.py
index 586f0800a6..a8820345e2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/emc2101/output/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/emc2101/output/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_EMC2101_ID, EMC2101_COMPONENT_SCHEMA, emc2101_ns
 
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = EMC2101_COMPONENT_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_EMC2101_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], paren)
     await output.register_output(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/emc2101/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/emc2101/sensor/__init__.py
index b6a2c8a333..cc8901cf38 100644
--- a/esphome/components/emc2101/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/emc2101/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PERCENT,
     UNIT_REVOLUTIONS_PER_MINUTE,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_EMC2101_ID, EMC2101_COMPONENT_SCHEMA, emc2101_ns
 
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = EMC2101_COMPONENT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_EMC2101_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], paren)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/emmeti/climate.py b/esphome/components/emmeti/climate.py
index 56e8e2b804..ea44606300 100644
--- a/esphome/components/emmeti/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/emmeti/climate.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@E440QF"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
@@ -10,5 +11,5 @@ EmmetiClimate = emmeti_ns.class_("EmmetiClimate", climate_ir.ClimateIR)
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(EmmetiClimate)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/emontx/__init__.py b/esphome/components/emontx/__init__.py
index a2d4349698..3821f3e10e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/emontx/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/emontx/__init__.py
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_RX_BUFFER_SIZE,
     CONF_UART_ID,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-def final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+def final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     full_config = fv.full_config.get()
 
     # Count sensors registered to this hub (IDs are resolved at final_validate stage)
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ def final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
         parity="NONE",
         stop_bits=1,
     )
-    return schema(config)
+    schema(config)
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = final_validate
@@ -115,14 +116,16 @@ _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
 
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
-    await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
 
-    # Initialize sensor storage with count from final_validate
+    # Initialize sensor storage with count from final_validate before any
+    # await, so platform to_code() calls always see it initialized
+    # regardless of YAML key order.
     sensor_count = _get_data().sensor_counts.get(str(config[CONF_ID]), 0)
     if sensor_count > 0:
         cg.add(var.init_sensors(sensor_count))
 
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
     await automation.build_callback_automations(var, config, _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS)
 
 
@@ -143,8 +146,11 @@ EMONTX_SEND_COMMAND_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     synchronous=True,
 )
 async def emontx_send_command_action_to_code(
-    config: ConfigType, action_id, template_arg, args
-) -> None:
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_COMMAND], args, cg.std_string)
diff --git a/esphome/components/emontx/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/emontx/sensor/__init__.py
index 83a972c5e0..56a7fb8b55 100644
--- a/esphome/components/emontx/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/emontx/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -7,8 +7,10 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_STATE_CLASS,
     CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_APPARENT_POWER,
     DEVICE_CLASS_CURRENT,
     DEVICE_CLASS_ENERGY,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_FREQUENCY,
     DEVICE_CLASS_POWER,
     DEVICE_CLASS_POWER_FACTOR,
     DEVICE_CLASS_TEMPERATURE,
@@ -18,8 +20,10 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_AMPERE,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_EMPTY,
+    UNIT_HERTZ,
     UNIT_PULSES,
     UNIT_VOLT,
+    UNIT_VOLT_AMPS,
     UNIT_WATT,
     UNIT_WATT_HOURS,
 )
@@ -29,6 +33,32 @@ from .. import CONF_EMONTX_ID, CONF_TAG_NAME, EmonTx, emontx_ns
 
 EmonTxSensor = emontx_ns.class_("EmonTxSensor", sensor.Sensor, cg.Component)
 
+# Known emonTx/avrdb JSON tag conventions, gathered from real firmware
+# (see https://github.com/openenergymonitor/avrdb_firmware), used to decide
+# whether each tag below requires a numeric index or may also appear bare:
+#
+#   Tag family    Bare (no index)          Numeric-indexed
+#   -----------   -----------------------  ----------------------------------
+#   P (power)     no                       P1, P2, ... (multi-channel boards)
+#   E (energy)    no                       E1, E2, ...
+#   V (voltage)   Vrms (NOT matched here,  V1, V2, V3 (per-phase boards)
+#                 doesn't fit "V"+digits)
+#   I (current)   no                       I1, I2, ...
+#   T (temp.)     no                       T1, T2, ...
+#   F (frequency) F (single mains freq.)   not seen indexed
+#   PULSE         pulse (single-CT boards) PULSE1, PULSE2, ... (other variants)
+#   PF (power     not seen bare            PF1, PF2, ... (currently unused/
+#     factor)                              commented out in avrdb firmware)
+#   AP (apparent  not seen bare            AP1, AP2, ... (not an avrdb tag at
+#     power)                               all; avrdb uses "VA"+index instead,
+#                                           itself currently unused/commented
+#                                           out; "AP" is kept here for other
+#                                           firmware/integrations using it)
+#
+# This is why a bare "PULSE" resolves to proper defaults below, but bare
+# "PF"/"AP" fall back to generic defaults instead: only PULSE has a
+# confirmed bare-tag use in real, currently-shipping firmware.
+
 # Define sensor type configurations by prefix
 SENSOR_CONFIGS = {
     "P": {
@@ -63,11 +93,30 @@ SENSOR_CONFIGS = {
     },
 }
 
-# Pattern-based configurations
+# Tags reported once, without a numeric index (e.g. "F"), matched exactly
+# rather than by prefix.
+EXACT_TAG_CONFIGS = {
+    "F": {
+        CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT: UNIT_HERTZ,
+        CONF_DEVICE_CLASS: DEVICE_CLASS_FREQUENCY,
+        CONF_STATE_CLASS: STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+        CONF_ACCURACY_DECIMALS: 2,
+    },
+}
+
+# Pattern-based configurations. The remainder after the prefix must be a
+# non-empty numeric index (like V1/I1/E1), so e.g. "APPLE" doesn't collide
+# with the "AP" prefix and a bare "PF"/"AP" (no index) doesn't match.
+# "PULSE" is the exception: some emonTx firmware (e.g. avrdb-based single-CT
+# variants) reports a single pulse counter as a bare "pulse" tag with no
+# numeric index at all, so that pattern also accepts an empty suffix.
+PATTERNS_ALLOWING_BARE_TAG = {"PULSE"}
+
 PATTERN_CONFIGS = {
     "PULSE": {
         CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT: UNIT_PULSES,
         CONF_DEVICE_CLASS: DEVICE_CLASS_ENERGY,
+        CONF_STATE_CLASS: STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING,
         CONF_ACCURACY_DECIMALS: 0,
     },
     "PF": {
@@ -76,14 +125,22 @@ PATTERN_CONFIGS = {
         CONF_STATE_CLASS: STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
         CONF_ACCURACY_DECIMALS: 2,
     },
+    "AP": {
+        CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT: UNIT_VOLT_AMPS,
+        CONF_DEVICE_CLASS: DEVICE_CLASS_APPARENT_POWER,
+        CONF_STATE_CLASS: STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+        CONF_ACCURACY_DECIMALS: 2,
+    },
 }
 
-# Create a base schema that's flexible for any tag
-BASE_SCHEMA = sensor.sensor_schema(
-    EmonTxSensor,
-    state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
-    accuracy_decimals=0,
-).extend(
+# BASE_SCHEMA intentionally omits state_class and accuracy_decimals defaults.
+# Passing them to sensor_schema() would register them via cv.Optional(key, default=...),
+# making them always present in the validated config dict and preventing
+# apply_tag_defaults from overriding them with the correct per-prefix values.
+# They are injected by apply_tag_defaults below, after running through the
+# same validators sensor_schema() would use (see _DEFAULT_VALIDATORS) so the
+# values are code-generation-ready.
+BASE_SCHEMA = sensor.sensor_schema(EmonTxSensor).extend(
     {
         cv.GenerateID(CONF_EMONTX_ID): cv.use_id(EmonTx),
         cv.Required(CONF_TAG_NAME): cv.string,
@@ -91,34 +148,56 @@ BASE_SCHEMA = sensor.sensor_schema(
 )
 
 
+_DEFAULT_VALIDATORS = {
+    CONF_STATE_CLASS: sensor.validate_state_class,
+    CONF_DEVICE_CLASS: sensor.validate_device_class,
+    CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT: sensor.validate_unit_of_measurement,
+}
+
+
+def _apply_defaults(config: ConfigType, defaults: dict) -> None:
+    """Inject defaults into config, skipping keys already set by the user.
+    Values are run through the same validators sensor_schema() would use, so
+    they are code-generation-ready and a typo'd constant fails validation
+    instead of shipping silently."""
+    for key, value in defaults.items():
+        if key not in config:
+            if key in _DEFAULT_VALIDATORS:
+                value = _DEFAULT_VALIDATORS[key](value)
+            config[key] = value
+
+
 def apply_tag_defaults(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     """Apply defaults based on tag prefix if applicable, but don't restrict any tags."""
     tag = config[CONF_TAG_NAME]
-
-    # Skip if tag is too short
-    if len(tag) < 2:
-        return config
-
-    # Check if this tag starts with a known prefix
     tag_upper = tag.upper()
 
+    if (exact_config := EXACT_TAG_CONFIGS.get(tag_upper)) is not None:
+        _apply_defaults(config, exact_config)
+        return config
+
     for pattern, pattern_config in PATTERN_CONFIGS.items():
-        if tag_upper.startswith(pattern):
-            # Apply pattern defaults if not overridden by user
-            for key, value in pattern_config.items():
-                if key not in config:
-                    config[key] = value
+        suffix = tag_upper[len(pattern) :]
+        bare_ok = not suffix and pattern in PATTERNS_ALLOWING_BARE_TAG
+        if tag_upper.startswith(pattern) and (suffix.isdigit() or bare_ok):
+            _apply_defaults(config, pattern_config)
             return config
 
-    # Only apply defaults for known prefixes with numeric indices
-    prefix = tag_upper[0]
-    if prefix in SENSOR_CONFIGS and len(tag) > 1 and tag[1:].isdigit():
-        # Apply defaults for known tag types, but only if not overridden by user
-        defaults = SENSOR_CONFIGS[prefix]
-        for key, value in defaults.items():
-            if key not in config:
-                config[key] = value
+    # Only apply defaults for known prefixes with numeric indices (e.g. E1, V2, T3)
+    if len(tag) >= 2:
+        prefix = tag_upper[0]
+        if prefix in SENSOR_CONFIGS and tag[1:].isdigit():
+            _apply_defaults(config, SENSOR_CONFIGS[prefix])
+            return config
 
+    # Fall back to generic defaults for tags with no known prefix
+    _apply_defaults(
+        config,
+        {
+            CONF_STATE_CLASS: STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+            CONF_ACCURACY_DECIMALS: 0,
+        },
+    )
     return config
 
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/endstop/cover.py b/esphome/components/endstop/cover.py
index c16680b6af..0e27189500 100644
--- a/esphome/components/endstop/cover.py
+++ b/esphome/components/endstop/cover.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_OPEN_ENDSTOP,
     CONF_STOP_ACTION,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 endstop_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("endstop")
 EndstopCover = endstop_ns.class_("EndstopCover", cover.Cover, cg.Component)
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await cover.new_cover(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ens160_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ens160_base/__init__.py
index 46c53c3b10..1bdfb0c0a6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ens160_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ens160_base/__init__.py
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_BILLION,
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@vincentscode", "@latonita"]
 
@@ -57,7 +59,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
 
 
-async def to_code_base(config):
+async def to_code_base(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ens160_i2c/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ens160_i2c/sensor.py
index cad4e81afc..398b9b4804 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ens160_i2c/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ens160_i2c/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from ..ens160_base import CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE, cv, to_code_base
 
@@ -18,6 +19,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE.extend(
 ).extend({cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(ENS160I2CComponent)})
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await to_code_base(config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ens160_spi/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ens160_spi/sensor.py
index 1bda05c7bb..cc6a90a33e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ens160_spi/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ens160_spi/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from ..ens160_base import CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE, cv, to_code_base
 
@@ -18,6 +19,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE.extend(spi.spi_device_schema()).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await to_code_base(config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ens210/ens210.cpp b/esphome/components/ens210/ens210.cpp
index 468c627d4b..11b73afe37 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ens210/ens210.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ens210/ens210.cpp
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ void ENS210Component::extract_measurement_(uint32_t val, int *data, int *status)
 // Sets ENS210 to low (true) or high (false) power. Returns false on I2C problems.
 bool ENS210Component::set_low_power_(bool enable) {
   uint8_t low_power_cmd = enable ? 0x01 : 0x00;
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Enable low power: %s", enable ? "true" : "false");
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Enable low power: %s", enable ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("true") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("false"));
   bool result = this->write_byte(ENS210_REGISTER_SYS_CTRL, low_power_cmd);
   delay(ENS210_BOOTING_MS);
   return result;
diff --git a/esphome/components/ens210/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ens210/sensor.py
index 289a559673..bfd758f92f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ens210/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ens210/sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@itn3rd77"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/epaper_spi/display.py b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/display.py
index 0b82850f1e..e9da924de5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/epaper_spi/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/display.py
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ def customise_schema(config):
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = customise_schema
 
 
-def _final_validate(config):
+def _final_validate(config) -> None:
     spi.final_validate_device_schema(
         "epaper_spi", require_miso=False, require_mosi=True
     )(config)
@@ -170,7 +170,6 @@ def _final_validate(config):
             config[CONF_SHOW_TEST_CARD] = True
     elif CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL not in config:
         config[CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL] = update_interval("1min")
-    return config
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
diff --git a/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_uc8179.cpp b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_uc8179.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2a4ff2969a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_uc8179.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+#include "epaper_spi_uc8179.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::epaper_spi {
+
+static constexpr const char *const TAG = "epaper_spi.uc8179";
+
+bool EPaperUC8179::initialise(bool partial) {
+  EPaperBase::initialise(partial);  // send the model init sequence
+  this->partial_ = partial;
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Power on");
+  // POWER ON must precede the waveform/mode registers and the data transfer
+  // (the original driver powers on and busy-waits before writing them).
+  // The state machine busy-waits before entering TRANSFER_DATA.
+  this->command(0x04);
+  // Give the busy line time to assert before the state machine polls it
+  this->next_delay_ = 100;
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Set up the refresh mode. Must be called after power-on has completed.
+void EPaperUC8179::set_refresh_mode_() {
+  if (!this->is_using_partial_update_()) {
+    return;  // plain full refresh uses the mode set by the init sequence
+  }
+  // Fast and partial refresh use flipped data polarity and a floating border
+  this->cmd_data(0x50, {0xA9, 0x07});
+  // Force the waveform via the temperature registers: 0x5A selects the fast
+  // full-refresh waveform, 0x6E the partial-refresh waveform
+  this->cmd_data(0xE0, {0x02});
+  if (this->partial_) {
+    this->cmd_data(0xE5, {0x6E});
+    this->command(0x91);  // enter partial mode
+    // Set the partial window to the full screen
+    const uint16_t x_end = this->width_ - 1;
+    const uint16_t y_end = this->height_ - 1;
+    this->cmd_data(0x90, {0x00, 0x00, static_cast<uint8_t>(x_end >> 8), static_cast<uint8_t>(x_end & 0xFF), 0x00, 0x00,
+                          static_cast<uint8_t>(y_end >> 8), static_cast<uint8_t>(y_end & 0xFF), 0x01});
+  } else {
+    this->cmd_data(0xE5, {0x5A});
+    this->command(0x92);  // exit partial mode
+  }
+}
+
+bool HOT EPaperUC8179::transfer_data() {
+  const uint32_t start_time = millis();
+  const size_t buffer_length = this->buffer_length_;
+  if (this->current_data_index_ == 0) {
+    this->set_refresh_mode_();
+  }
+  // Fast full refresh sends the previous-image plane as well, so that every pixel transitions
+  const bool two_pass = this->is_using_partial_update_() && !this->partial_;
+  // Plain full refresh sends inverted data (buffer is 1=white, the wire wants 0=white);
+  // in fast/partial mode the data polarity is flipped via the VCOM/data-interval
+  // register instead, so the new-image plane is sent unmodified
+  const bool invert_new_data = !this->is_using_partial_update_();
+
+  uint8_t bytes_to_send[MAX_TRANSFER_SIZE];
+
+  // Phase 1 (fast full refresh only): previous image via 0x10 (DTM1), inverse of the new image
+  if (two_pass && this->current_data_index_ < buffer_length) {
+    if (this->current_data_index_ == 0) {
+      this->command(0x10);  // DATA START TRANSMISSION 1 (previous image)
+    }
+    this->start_data_();
+    while (this->current_data_index_ < buffer_length) {
+      const size_t bytes_to_copy = std::min(MAX_TRANSFER_SIZE, buffer_length - this->current_data_index_);
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < bytes_to_copy; i++) {
+        bytes_to_send[i] = ~this->buffer_[this->current_data_index_ + i];
+      }
+      this->write_array(bytes_to_send, bytes_to_copy);
+      this->current_data_index_ += bytes_to_copy;
+      if (millis() - start_time > MAX_TRANSFER_TIME) {
+        this->disable();
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    this->disable();
+  }
+
+  // Phase 2: new image via 0x13 (DTM2)
+  const size_t offset = two_pass ? buffer_length : 0;
+  const size_t total = offset + buffer_length;
+  if (this->current_data_index_ < total) {
+    if (this->current_data_index_ == offset) {
+      this->command(0x13);  // DATA START TRANSMISSION 2 (new image)
+    }
+    this->start_data_();
+    while (this->current_data_index_ < total) {
+      const size_t bytes_to_copy = std::min(MAX_TRANSFER_SIZE, total - this->current_data_index_);
+      const size_t data_idx = this->current_data_index_ - offset;
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < bytes_to_copy; i++) {
+        const uint8_t byte = this->buffer_[data_idx + i];
+        bytes_to_send[i] = invert_new_data ? ~byte : byte;
+      }
+      this->write_array(bytes_to_send, bytes_to_copy);
+      this->current_data_index_ += bytes_to_copy;
+      if (millis() - start_time > MAX_TRANSFER_TIME) {
+        this->disable();
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    this->disable();
+  }
+
+  this->current_data_index_ = 0;
+  return true;
+}
+
+void EPaperUC8179::power_on() {
+  // Power-on is sent at the end of initialise() instead, because the
+  // waveform/mode registers and the data transfer must follow it
+}
+
+void EPaperUC8179::refresh_screen(bool /*partial*/) {
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Refresh");
+  this->command(0x12);  // DISPLAY REFRESH
+  // Delay the next busy poll: the busy line takes a short time to assert after
+  // the refresh command, and polling too early would read it as already idle
+  this->next_delay_ = 100;
+}
+
+void EPaperUC8179::power_off() {
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Power off");
+  this->command(0x02);  // POWER OFF
+}
+
+void EPaperUC8179::deep_sleep() {
+  // Deep sleep loses the previous-image RAM that partial refresh compares against
+  if (!this->is_using_partial_update_()) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Deep sleep");
+    this->cmd_data(0x07, {0xA5});  // DEEP SLEEP with check code
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::epaper_spi
diff --git a/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_uc8179.h b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_uc8179.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..85c0eb623e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_uc8179.h
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "epaper_spi.h"
+
+namespace esphome::epaper_spi {
+
+/**
+ * Monochrome e-paper displays using the UC8179 controller.
+ * Supports: 7.5" V2 (EPD_7in5_V2), 800x480 pixels, as used by the
+ * Waveshare 7.5" V2 HAT and the Seeed reTerminal E1001.
+ *
+ * Buffer layout: 1 bit per pixel, 1=white, 0=black (the base class default).
+ *
+ * The INITIALISE state sends the panel configuration followed by power-on
+ * (0x04); the state machine busy-waits for power-on to complete before
+ * TRANSFER_DATA, which first writes the waveform/mode registers (these are
+ * only accepted while powered) and then the image data. The state machine
+ * busy-waits again before triggering REFRESH_SCREEN (0x12).
+ *
+ * Three refresh modes are used, following the Waveshare EPD_7in5_V2 examples:
+ * - full_update_every == 1: plain full refresh. The new image is sent
+ *   inverted to DTM2 (0x13) and the controller uses its normal waveform.
+ * - full_update_every > 1, full update: fast full refresh. The data polarity
+ *   is flipped via the VCOM/data-interval register, a fast waveform is forced
+ *   via the temperature registers, and the image is sent to both DTM1 (0x10,
+ *   inverted) and DTM2 (0x13) so that every pixel transitions.
+ * - full_update_every > 1, partial update: partial refresh. A partial-update
+ *   waveform is forced, partial mode is entered with a full-screen window and
+ *   only DTM2 is sent; the controller compares against its previous-image RAM.
+ */
+class EPaperUC8179 final : public EPaperBase {
+ public:
+  EPaperUC8179(const char *name, uint16_t width, uint16_t height, const uint8_t *init_sequence,
+               size_t init_sequence_length)
+      : EPaperBase(name, width, height, init_sequence, init_sequence_length, DISPLAY_TYPE_BINARY) {
+    this->buffer_length_ = this->row_width_ * height;
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  bool initialise(bool partial) override;
+  bool transfer_data() override;
+  void refresh_screen(bool partial) override;
+  void power_on() override;
+  void power_off() override;
+  void deep_sleep() override;
+  void set_refresh_mode_();
+
+  // Set by initialise() so transfer_data() knows which planes to send
+  bool partial_{};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::epaper_spi
diff --git a/esphome/components/epaper_spi/models/uc8179.py b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/models/uc8179.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bea133c328
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/models/uc8179.py
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+"""Monochrome e-paper displays using the UC8179 controller.
+
+Supported models:
+- waveshare-7.5in-v2: 7.5" mono display, 800x480 pixels (EPD_7in5_V2)
+- seeed-reterminal-e1001: Seeed reTerminal E1001, which uses the same
+  7.5" 800x480 panel on an integrated ESP32-S3 board
+
+Panel configuration and power-on (0x04) are both sent during the INITIALISE
+state; the state machine's built-in busy wait then covers the power-on delay
+before the waveform/mode registers and image data are transferred.
+
+These displays support fast full and partial refresh: set ``full_update_every``
+greater than 1 to enable it. Every ``full_update_every``-th update is a fast
+full refresh, with partial refreshes in between.
+"""
+
+from typing import Any
+
+from esphome.const import CONF_DATA_RATE
+
+from . import EpaperModel
+
+
+class UC8179(EpaperModel):
+    """EpaperModel class for monochrome displays using the UC8179 controller."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        class_name: str = "EPaperUC8179",
+        data_rate: str = "10MHz",
+        **defaults: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        defaults.setdefault(CONF_DATA_RATE, data_rate)
+        super().__init__(name, class_name, **defaults)
+
+    def get_init_sequence(self, config: dict) -> tuple:
+        """Generate the initialization sequence for UC8179 mono displays.
+
+        Panel configuration only — the driver appends power-on (0x04) at the
+        end of the INITIALISE state, and the state machine busy-waits for it
+        to complete before the data transfer starts.
+        """
+        width, height = self.get_dimensions(config)
+        return (
+            # POWER SETTING
+            (0x01, 0x07, 0x07, 0x3F, 0x3F),
+            # BOOSTER SOFT START
+            (0x06, 0x17, 0x17, 0x28, 0x17),
+            # PANEL SETTING (black/white mode, LUT from OTP)
+            (0x00, 0x1F),
+            # RESOLUTION SETTING (width x height)
+            (
+                0x61,
+                (width >> 8) & 0xFF,
+                width & 0xFF,
+                (height >> 8) & 0xFF,
+                height & 0xFF,
+            ),
+            # DUAL SPI MODE (disabled)
+            (0x15, 0x00),
+            # VCOM AND DATA INTERVAL SETTING
+            (0x50, 0x10, 0x07),
+            # TCON SETTING
+            (0x60, 0x22),
+        )
+
+
+uc8179 = UC8179("uc8179")
+
+# Waveshare 7.5" V2 mono (EPD_7in5_V2) — 800x480, UC8179 controller
+waveshare_7_5_v2 = uc8179.extend(
+    "waveshare-7.5in-v2",
+    width=800,
+    height=480,
+)
+
+# Seeed reTerminal E1001 — 7.5" mono e-paper (800x480), same panel as the
+# Waveshare 7.5" V2, driven by an integrated ESP32-S3 board
+waveshare_7_5_v2.extend(
+    "seeed-reterminal-e1001",
+    cs_pin=10,
+    dc_pin=11,
+    reset_pin=12,
+    busy_pin={
+        "number": 13,
+        "inverted": True,
+        "mode": {
+            "input": True,
+            "pullup": True,
+        },
+    },
+)
diff --git a/esphome/components/es7210/audio_adc.py b/esphome/components/es7210/audio_adc.py
index f0bd8bc25a..2defdb0c35 100644
--- a/esphome/components/es7210/audio_adc.py
+++ b/esphome/components/es7210/audio_adc.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import i2c
 from esphome.components.audio_adc import AudioAdc
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_BITS_PER_SAMPLE, CONF_ID, CONF_MIC_GAIN, CONF_SAMPLE_RATE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kahrendt"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/es7243e/audio_adc.py b/esphome/components/es7243e/audio_adc.py
index c305d60172..4916133982 100644
--- a/esphome/components/es7243e/audio_adc.py
+++ b/esphome/components/es7243e/audio_adc.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import i2c
 from esphome.components.audio_adc import AudioAdc
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_MIC_GAIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/es8156/audio_dac.py b/esphome/components/es8156/audio_dac.py
index c5fb6096da..305aa92125 100644
--- a/esphome/components/es8156/audio_dac.py
+++ b/esphome/components/es8156/audio_dac.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from esphome.components.audio_dac import AudioDac
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_AUDIO_DAC, CONF_BITS_PER_SAMPLE, CONF_ID
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate(config):
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     full_config = fv.full_config.get()
 
     # Check all speaker configurations for ones that reference this es8156
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ def _final_validate(config):
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/es8311/audio_dac.py b/esphome/components/es8311/audio_dac.py
index 5941a81935..f9cfb822cc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/es8311/audio_dac.py
+++ b/esphome/components/es8311/audio_dac.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import i2c
 from esphome.components.audio_dac import AudioDac
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_BITS_PER_SAMPLE, CONF_ID, CONF_MIC_GAIN, CONF_SAMPLE_RATE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kroimon", "@kahrendt"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/es8388/audio_dac.py b/esphome/components/es8388/audio_dac.py
index 77e07b2e01..2616cbfa53 100644
--- a/esphome/components/es8388/audio_dac.py
+++ b/esphome/components/es8388/audio_dac.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import i2c
 from esphome.components.audio_dac import AudioDac
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@P4uLT"]
 CONF_ES8388_ID = "es8388_id"
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/es8388/select/__init__.py b/esphome/components/es8388/select/__init__.py
index 068d9f9fb8..b81bcd13cf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/es8388/select/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/es8388/select/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import select
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG, ICON_CHIP  # noqa: F401
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from ..audio_dac import CONF_ES8388_ID, ES8388, es8388_ns
 
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ES8388_ID])
     if dac_output_config := config.get(CONF_DAC_OUTPUT):
         s = await select.new_select(
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
index e31d0352e9..3f5a34bc73 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from typing import Any
 from esphome import yaml_util
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components.const import CONF_ENABLE_OTA_DOWNGRADE_PROTECTION
+from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_defines
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ADVANCED,
@@ -64,6 +65,7 @@ from .boards import BOARDS, STANDARD_BOARDS
 from .const import (
     KEY_ARDUINO_LIBRARIES,
     KEY_BOARD,
+    KEY_CERT_BUNDLE,
     KEY_COMPONENTS,
     KEY_ESP32,
     KEY_EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS,
@@ -180,6 +182,13 @@ SIGNED_OTA_V1_ECDSA_VARIANTS = {
     VARIANT_ESP32,
 }
 
+# Variants that support execution from PSRAM
+PSRAM_XIP_VARIANTS = {
+    VARIANT_ESP32S3,
+    VARIANT_ESP32P4,
+    VARIANT_ESP32S31,
+}
+
 # NVS encryption (HMAC peripheral scheme) is only available on variants that
 # expose the HMAC peripheral (SOC_HMAC_SUPPORTED in soc_caps.h). The original
 # ESP32 and ESP32-C2 do not have it. New variants with an HMAC peripheral
@@ -204,38 +213,67 @@ COMPILER_OPTIMIZATIONS = {
 # ESP-IDF components excluded by default to reduce compile time.
 # Components can be re-enabled by calling include_builtin_idf_component() in to_code().
 #
-# Cannot be excluded (dependencies of required components):
-# - "console": espressif/mdns unconditionally depends on it
-# - "sdmmc": driver -> esp_driver_sdmmc -> sdmmc dependency chain
+# Note: excluding a component only removes it from the initial build set.
+# ESP-IDF's requirement expansion adds an excluded component back when any
+# component still in the build REQUIRES it (e.g. espressif/mdns pulls
+# "console" back in, esp_http_client pulls "tcp_transport" back in), so
+# exclusions here are safe for such components and simply become no-ops in
+# builds that need them.
 DEFAULT_EXCLUDED_IDF_COMPONENTS = (
+    "app_trace",  # CPU trace/SystemView support - unused by ESPHome
+    "bt",  # Bluetooth stack - re-included by request_bluetooth(); its REQUIRES pulls the WiFi stack back
     "cmock",  # Unit testing mock framework - ESPHome doesn't use IDF's testing
+    "console",  # Console REPL - unused by ESPHome; espressif/mdns pulls it back when configured
     "driver",  # Legacy driver shim - only needed by esp32_touch, esp32_can for legacy headers
+    "esp-tls",  # TLS wrapper - re-included by http_request, mqtt, web_server_idf
     "esp_adc",  # ADC driver - only needed by adc component
+    "esp_coex",  # WiFi/BT coexistence - re-included by esp32_ble_tracker, zigbee; esp_wifi/bt pull it back
+    "esp_driver_cam",  # Camera driver - the esp32-camera managed component pulls it back
     "esp_driver_dac",  # DAC driver - only needed by esp32_dac component
+    "esp_driver_gptimer",  # General purpose timer - re-included by ac_dimmer, opentherm, Arduino BLE libs
+    "esp_driver_i2c",  # I2C driver - re-included by i2c; esp32-camera pulls it back itself
     "esp_driver_i2s",  # I2S driver - only needed by i2s_audio component
+    "esp_driver_ledc",  # LEDC PWM driver - re-included by ledc; esp32-camera pulls it back itself
     "esp_driver_mcpwm",  # MCPWM driver - ESPHome doesn't use motor control PWM
     "esp_driver_pcnt",  # PCNT driver - only needed by pulse_counter, hlw8012 components
     "esp_driver_rmt",  # RMT driver - only needed by remote_transmitter/receiver, neopixelbus
+    "esp_driver_sdio",  # SDIO device-mode driver - unused by ESPHome
+    "esp_driver_sdm",  # Sigma-delta modulation driver - unused by ESPHome
+    "esp_driver_sdmmc",  # SD/MMC host driver - unused by ESPHome
+    "esp_driver_sdspi",  # SD-over-SPI driver - unused by ESPHome
     "esp_driver_touch_sens",  # Touch sensor driver - only needed by esp32_touch
     "esp_driver_twai",  # TWAI/CAN driver - only needed by esp32_can component
     "esp_eth",  # Ethernet driver - only needed by ethernet component
+    "esp_gdbstub",  # GDB stub panic handler - unused by ESPHome; bt pulls it back
+    "esp_hal_ieee802154",  # 802.15.4 HAL - ieee802154 pulls it back
     "esp_hid",  # HID host/device support - ESPHome doesn't implement HID functionality
     "esp_http_client",  # HTTP client - only needed by http_request component
+    "esp_http_server",  # HTTP server - re-included by web_server_idf, esp32_camera_web_server
     "esp_https_ota",  # ESP-IDF HTTPS OTA - ESPHome has its own OTA implementation
     "esp_https_server",  # HTTPS server - ESPHome has its own web server
     "esp_lcd",  # LCD controller drivers - only needed by display component
     "esp_local_ctrl",  # Local control over HTTPS/BLE - ESPHome has native API
+    "esp_phy",  # RF PHY - re-included by internal_temperature on the original ESP32; esp_wifi/bt/ieee802154 pull it back
+    "esp_wifi",  # WiFi stack - re-included by request_wifi(), espnow; bt pulls it back for BLE builds
     "espcoredump",  # Core dump support - ESPHome has its own debug component
     "fatfs",  # FAT filesystem - ESPHome doesn't use filesystem storage
+    "ieee802154",  # 802.15.4 radio - IDF openthread and the Zigbee libs pull it back
+    "json",  # cJSON library - ESPHome uses ArduinoJson instead
     "mqtt",  # ESP-IDF MQTT library - ESPHome has its own MQTT implementation
+    "nvs_sec_provider",  # NVS encryption key provider - re-included when CONFIG_NVS_ENCRYPTION is set
     "openthread",  # Thread protocol - only needed by openthread component
     "perfmon",  # Xtensa performance monitor - ESPHome has its own debug component
+    "protobuf-c",  # Protobuf runtime - only used by provisioning components (also excluded)
     "protocomm",  # Protocol communication for provisioning - unused by ESPHome
+    "rt",  # POSIX realtime extensions - unused by ESPHome
+    "sdmmc",  # SD/MMC protocol layer - only used by SD drivers and fatfs (also excluded)
     "spiffs",  # SPIFFS filesystem - ESPHome doesn't use filesystem storage (IDF only)
+    "tcp_transport",  # Transport layer - esp_http_client/mqtt pull it back when re-included
     "ulp",  # ULP coprocessor - not currently used by any ESPHome component
     "unity",  # Unit testing framework - ESPHome doesn't use IDF's testing
     "wear_levelling",  # Flash wear levelling for fatfs - unused since fatfs unused
     "wifi_provisioning",  # WiFi provisioning - ESPHome uses its own improv implementation
+    "wpa_supplicant",  # WPA supplicant - re-included by request_wifi() for esp_eap_client.h
 )
 
 # Additional IDF managed components to exclude for Arduino framework builds
@@ -322,6 +360,10 @@ ARDUINO_LIBRARY_IDF_COMPONENTS: dict[str, tuple[str, ...]] = {
     "Zigbee": ("espressif__esp-zigbee-lib", "espressif__esp-zboss-lib"),
 }
 
+# Arduino libraries whose sources reference esp_crt_bundle_attach without a
+# CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE guard, so enabling them needs the bundle.
+ARDUINO_LIBRARIES_NEEDING_CERT_BUNDLE = frozenset({"NetworkClientSecure"})
+
 # Arduino library to Arduino library dependencies
 # When enabling one library, also enable its dependencies
 # Kconfig "select" statements don't work with CONFIG_ARDUINO_SELECTIVE_COMPILATION
@@ -570,6 +612,9 @@ def get_download_types(storage_json):
     the shape stable so the download panel
     doesn't have to special-case per-platform schemas.
     """
+    # No recorded firmware path means nothing was built; no downloads.
+    if storage_json.firmware_bin_path is None:
+        return []
     return [
         {
             "title": "Factory format (Previously Modern)",
@@ -620,6 +665,27 @@ class RawSdkconfigValue:
 SdkconfigValueType = bool | int | HexInt | str | RawSdkconfigValue
 
 
+def is_idf_sdkconfig_option_enabled(name: str) -> bool:
+    """Return True when a bool sdkconfig option resolves to ``y``.
+
+    Handles both the ``True`` a component sets and the raw ``y`` a user sets
+    in ``sdkconfig_options``.
+    """
+    value = CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS].get(name)
+    return value is not None and _format_sdkconfig_val(value) == "y"
+
+
+def set_idf_sdkconfig_default(name: str, value: SdkconfigValueType) -> None:
+    """Set an sdkconfig option unless it is already set.
+
+    For the FINAL priority reconcile jobs: they run after every to_code,
+    including the user's sdkconfig_options, and must not override an
+    existing value.
+    """
+    if name not in CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS]:
+        add_idf_sdkconfig_option(name, value)
+
+
 def add_idf_sdkconfig_option(name: str, value: SdkconfigValueType):
     """Set an esp-idf sdkconfig value."""
     CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS][name] = value
@@ -657,6 +723,9 @@ def request_wifi(ap: bool = False) -> None:
     net.wifi = True
     if ap:
         net.wifi_ap = True
+    include_builtin_idf_component("esp_wifi")
+    # wifi_component.cpp includes esp_eap_client.h/esp_wpa2.h
+    include_builtin_idf_component("wpa_supplicant")
 
 
 def request_ethernet() -> None:
@@ -668,11 +737,14 @@ def request_bluetooth() -> None:
     """Request the Bluetooth controller."""
     net = _network_sdkconfig()
     net.bluetooth = True
+    include_builtin_idf_component("bt")
 
 
 def request_software_coexistence() -> None:
     """Request WiFi/BT software coexistence (only valid alongside WiFi)."""
     _network_sdkconfig().software_coexistence = True
+    # Callers include esp_coexist.h directly.
+    include_builtin_idf_component("esp_coex")
 
 
 def add_idf_component(
@@ -735,6 +807,17 @@ def include_builtin_idf_component(name: str) -> None:
     CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS].discard(name)
 
 
+def get_excluded_builtin_components() -> list[str]:
+    """Return the sorted built-in IDF components excluded from the build.
+
+    The set reaches both build writers as the ``EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS`` CMake
+    arg (registered via ``cg.add_cmake_arg`` at FINAL priority); the native
+    ESP-IDF writer also reads it directly to filter the built-in component
+    list.
+    """
+    return sorted(CORE.data.get(KEY_ESP32, {}).get(KEY_EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS, ()))
+
+
 def _enable_arduino_library(name: str) -> None:
     """Enable an Arduino library that is disabled by default.
 
@@ -753,6 +836,10 @@ def _enable_arduino_library(name: str) -> None:
     # Also enable any required IDF components
     for idf_component in ARDUINO_LIBRARY_IDF_COMPONENTS.get(name, ()):
         include_builtin_idf_component(idf_component)
+    if not ARDUINO_LIBRARIES_NEEDING_CERT_BUNDLE.isdisjoint(
+        {name, *ARDUINO_LIBRARY_DEPENDENCIES.get(name, ())}
+    ):
+        require_certificate_bundle()
 
 
 def add_extra_script(stage: str, filename: str, path: Path):
@@ -1038,19 +1125,11 @@ def _check_esp_idf_versions(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     return config
 
 
-def _validate_toolchain(value) -> Toolchain:
-    return Toolchain(
-        cv.one_of(Toolchain.PLATFORMIO, Toolchain.ESP_IDF, lower=True)(value)
-    )
-
-
-def _resolve_toolchain(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
-    # Resolve toolchain: CLI (already on CORE.toolchain) > YAML > default.
-    # Runs before _detect_variant so downstream validators can rely on
-    # CORE.toolchain instead of re-resolving it from the config dict.
-    if CORE.toolchain is None:
-        CORE.toolchain = value.get(CONF_TOOLCHAIN, Toolchain.ESP_IDF)
-    return value
+_TOOLCHAINS = (Toolchain.PLATFORMIO, Toolchain.ESP_IDF)
+_validate_toolchain = cv.toolchain_enum(_TOOLCHAINS)
+# Runs before _detect_variant so downstream validators can rely on
+# CORE.toolchain instead of re-resolving it from the config dict.
+_resolve_toolchain = cv.resolve_toolchain("ESP32", _TOOLCHAINS, Toolchain.ESP_IDF)
 
 
 def _check_versions(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
@@ -1070,6 +1149,26 @@ def _parse_pio_platform_version(value):
         return value
 
 
+def _normalize_p4_engineering_sample(value: ConfigType) -> bool:
+    """Fill in CONF_ENGINEERING_SAMPLE when unset, warning that production
+    silicon (rev3) is assumed. Returns the normalized flag."""
+    if (engineering_sample := value.get(CONF_ENGINEERING_SAMPLE)) is None:
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "Defaulting to ESP32-P4 production silicon (rev3).\n"
+            "If you have an early engineering sample (pre-rev3), add this to your config:\n"
+            "\n"
+            "  esp32:\n"
+            "    engineering_sample: true\n"
+            "\n"
+            "To check your chip revision, look for 'chip revision: vX.Y' in the boot log.\n"
+            "Engineering samples will show a revision below v3.0.\n"
+            "The 'debug:' component also reports the revision (e.g. Revision: 100 = v1.0, 300 = v3.0)."
+        )
+        engineering_sample = False
+        value[CONF_ENGINEERING_SAMPLE] = engineering_sample
+    return engineering_sample
+
+
 def _detect_variant(value):
     board = value.get(CONF_BOARD)
     variant = value.get(CONF_VARIANT)
@@ -1082,6 +1181,8 @@ def _detect_variant(value):
         # name rather than carrying a PIO board name through the IDF build.
         if CORE.using_toolchain_esp_idf:
             value = value.copy()
+            if variant == VARIANT_ESP32P4:
+                _normalize_p4_engineering_sample(value)
             value[CONF_BOARD] = VARIANT_FRIENDLY[variant].lower()
             return value
         if variant not in STANDARD_BOARDS:
@@ -1092,22 +1193,8 @@ def _detect_variant(value):
             )
         value = value.copy()
         value[CONF_BOARD] = STANDARD_BOARDS[variant]
-        if variant == VARIANT_ESP32P4:
-            engineering_sample = value.get(CONF_ENGINEERING_SAMPLE)
-            if engineering_sample is None:
-                _LOGGER.warning(
-                    "No board specified for ESP32-P4. Defaulting to production silicon (rev3).\n"
-                    "If you have an early engineering sample (pre-rev3), add this to your config:\n"
-                    "\n"
-                    "  esp32:\n"
-                    "    engineering_sample: true\n"
-                    "\n"
-                    "To check your chip revision, look for 'chip revision: vX.Y' in the boot log.\n"
-                    "Engineering samples will show a revision below v3.0.\n"
-                    "The 'debug:' component also reports the revision (e.g. Revision: 100 = v1.0, 300 = v3.0)."
-                )
-            elif engineering_sample:
-                value[CONF_BOARD] = "esp32-p4-evboard"
+        if variant == VARIANT_ESP32P4 and _normalize_p4_engineering_sample(value):
+            value[CONF_BOARD] = "esp32-p4-evboard"
     elif board in BOARDS:
         variant = variant or BOARDS[board][KEY_VARIANT]
         if variant != BOARDS[board][KEY_VARIANT]:
@@ -1117,6 +1204,14 @@ def _detect_variant(value):
             )
         value = value.copy()
         value[CONF_VARIANT] = variant
+        if variant == VARIANT_ESP32P4:
+            board_is_es = BOARDS[board].get("engineering_sample", False)
+            engineering_sample = value.setdefault(CONF_ENGINEERING_SAMPLE, board_is_es)
+            if engineering_sample != board_is_es:
+                raise cv.Invalid(
+                    f"'{CONF_ENGINEERING_SAMPLE}' does not match board '{board}'",
+                    path=[CONF_ENGINEERING_SAMPLE],
+                )
     elif not variant:
         raise cv.Invalid(
             "This board is unknown, if you are sure you want to compile with this board selection, "
@@ -1128,6 +1223,9 @@ def _detect_variant(value):
             "This board is unknown; the specified variant '%s' will be used but this may not work as expected.",
             variant,
         )
+        if variant == VARIANT_ESP32P4:
+            value = value.copy()
+            _normalize_p4_engineering_sample(value)
     return value
 
 
@@ -1365,7 +1463,7 @@ def _validate_signed_ota_keys(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     return config
 
 
-def final_validate(config):
+def final_validate(config) -> None:
     # Imported locally to avoid circular import issues
     from esphome.components.psram import DOMAIN as PSRAM_DOMAIN
 
@@ -1431,22 +1529,8 @@ def final_validate(config):
                 path=[CONF_ENGINEERING_SAMPLE],
             )
         )
-    if (
-        config[CONF_VARIANT] == VARIANT_ESP32P4
-        and config.get(CONF_ENGINEERING_SAMPLE) is not None
-    ):
-        board_is_es = BOARDS.get(config[CONF_BOARD], {}).get(
-            "engineering_sample", False
-        )
-        if config[CONF_ENGINEERING_SAMPLE] != board_is_es:
-            errs.append(
-                cv.Invalid(
-                    f"'{CONF_ENGINEERING_SAMPLE}' does not match board '{config[CONF_BOARD]}'",
-                    path=[CONF_ENGINEERING_SAMPLE],
-                )
-            )
     if advanced[CONF_EXECUTE_FROM_PSRAM]:
-        if config[CONF_VARIANT] not in {VARIANT_ESP32S3, VARIANT_ESP32P4}:
+        if config[CONF_VARIANT] not in PSRAM_XIP_VARIANTS:
             errs.append(
                 cv.Invalid(
                     f"'{CONF_EXECUTE_FROM_PSRAM}' is not available on this esp32 variant",
@@ -1626,8 +1710,6 @@ def final_validate(config):
     if errs:
         raise cv.MultipleInvalid(errs)
 
-    return config
-
 
 CONF_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS = "sdkconfig_options"
 CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_DHCP_SERVER = "enable_lwip_dhcp_server"
@@ -1697,6 +1779,16 @@ def require_vfs_termios() -> None:
     CORE.data[KEY_VFS_TERMIOS_REQUIRED] = True
 
 
+def require_certificate_bundle() -> None:
+    """Enable the mbedTLS root certificate bundle for this build.
+
+    The bundle is off by default; components that verify TLS server
+    certificates (http_request, audio streaming) call this so the bundle is
+    compiled and gen_crt_bundle runs only when something uses it.
+    """
+    CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_CERT_BUNDLE] = True
+
+
 def require_full_certificate_bundle() -> None:
     """Request the full certificate bundle instead of the common-CAs-only bundle.
 
@@ -1706,6 +1798,7 @@ def require_full_certificate_bundle() -> None:
 
     Call this from components that need to connect to services using uncommon CAs.
     """
+    require_certificate_bundle()
     CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_FULL_CERT_BUNDLE] = True
 
 
@@ -2113,17 +2206,20 @@ def _configure_lwip_max_sockets(conf: dict) -> None:
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_LWIP_MAX_SOCKETS", max_sockets)
 
 
+def register_exclude_components_cmake_arg() -> None:
+    """Register the current exclusion set as the EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS cmake arg."""
+    if excluded := get_excluded_builtin_components():
+        cg.add_cmake_arg("EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS", ";".join(excluded))
+
+
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.FINAL)
 async def _write_exclude_components() -> None:
     """Write EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS cmake arg after all components have registered exclusions."""
-    if KEY_ESP32 not in CORE.data:
-        return
-    excluded = CORE.data[KEY_ESP32].get(KEY_EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS)
-    if excluded:
-        exclude_list = ";".join(sorted(excluded))
-        cg.add_platformio_option(
-            "board_build.cmake_extra_args", f"-DEXCLUDE_COMPONENTS={exclude_list}"
-        )
+    # NVS encryption needs nvs_sec_provider however it was enabled: the
+    # nvs_encryption option, raw sdkconfig_options or another component.
+    if is_idf_sdkconfig_option_enabled("CONFIG_NVS_ENCRYPTION"):
+        include_builtin_idf_component("nvs_sec_provider")
+    register_exclude_components_cmake_arg()
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.FINAL)
@@ -2181,6 +2277,31 @@ async def _set_libc_picolibc_newlib_compat() -> None:
     )
 
 
+@coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.FINAL)
+async def _reconcile_certificate_bundle_sdkconfig() -> None:
+    """Enable the mbedTLS certificate bundle only when something asked for it.
+
+    Runs at FINAL priority so every require_certificate_bundle() call has
+    happened. Without a request the bundle is disabled, which skips
+    esp_crt_bundle.c, the gen_crt_bundle step and the x509_crt_bundle.S embed.
+    A user-supplied sdkconfig_options value takes precedence.
+    """
+    data = CORE.data[KEY_ESP32]
+    enabled = data.get(KEY_CERT_BUNDLE, False)
+    set_idf_sdkconfig_default("CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE", enabled)
+    if not enabled:
+        return
+    # Use CMN (common CAs) bundle by default to save ~51KB flash
+    # CMN covers CAs with >1% market share (~99% of websites)
+    # Components needing uncommon CAs can call require_full_certificate_bundle()
+    use_full_bundle = data.get(KEY_FULL_CERT_BUNDLE, False)
+    set_idf_sdkconfig_default(
+        "CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE_DEFAULT_FULL", use_full_bundle
+    )
+    if not use_full_bundle:
+        set_idf_sdkconfig_default("CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE_DEFAULT_CMN", True)
+
+
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.FINAL)
 async def _reconcile_network_sdkconfig() -> None:
     """Reconcile WiFi/Ethernet/Bluetooth/coexistence sdkconfig flags.
@@ -2192,37 +2313,33 @@ async def _reconcile_network_sdkconfig() -> None:
     always takes precedence.
     """
     net = CORE.data[KEY_ESP32].get(KEY_NETWORK_SDKCONFIG, NetworkSdkconfigData())
-    opts = CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS]
     is_arduino = CORE.using_arduino
 
-    def set_opt(name: str, value: SdkconfigValueType) -> None:
-        # User sdkconfig_options (applied during to_code) win.
-        if name not in opts:
-            add_idf_sdkconfig_option(name, value)
-
     # Bluetooth: only ever enable when requested. The IDF default is off.
     # According to the IDF docs, only one of 4.2 or 5.0 should be enabled.
     if net.bluetooth:
-        set_opt("CONFIG_BT_ENABLED", True)
-        set_opt("CONFIG_BT_BLE_42_FEATURES_SUPPORTED", True)
-        set_opt("CONFIG_BT_BLE_50_FEATURES_SUPPORTED", False)
+        set_idf_sdkconfig_default("CONFIG_BT_ENABLED", True)
+        set_idf_sdkconfig_default("CONFIG_BT_BLE_42_FEATURES_SUPPORTED", True)
+        set_idf_sdkconfig_default("CONFIG_BT_BLE_50_FEATURES_SUPPORTED", False)
 
     # WiFi stack: disable only when Ethernet is present and WiFi is not. WiFi
     # relies on the IDF default (enabled), so it is never written True here.
+    # esp_wifi is excluded by default on IDF, so this only matters for Arduino
+    # or when bt pulls it back.
     wifi_disabled = net.ethernet and not net.wifi
     if wifi_disabled:
-        set_opt("CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_ENABLED", False)
+        set_idf_sdkconfig_default("CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_ENABLED", False)
 
     # Software coexistence: enable when requested (the schema only allows it
     # alongside WiFi). Disable only in the Ethernet-without-WiFi case.
     if net.software_coexistence:
-        set_opt("CONFIG_SW_COEXIST_ENABLE", True)
+        set_idf_sdkconfig_default("CONFIG_SW_COEXIST_ENABLE", True)
     elif wifi_disabled:
-        set_opt("CONFIG_SW_COEXIST_ENABLE", False)
+        set_idf_sdkconfig_default("CONFIG_SW_COEXIST_ENABLE", False)
 
     # SoftAP support: drop it when WiFi is used without AP mode (IDF only).
     if not is_arduino and net.wifi and not net.wifi_ap:
-        set_opt("CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_SOFTAP_SUPPORT", False)
+        set_idf_sdkconfig_default("CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_SOFTAP_SUPPORT", False)
 
     # LWIP DHCP server: a WiFi-AP-mode / enable_lwip_dhcp_server concern (not
     # coexistence). Disable when WiFi has no AP (IDF) or the enable_lwip_dhcp_server
@@ -2233,7 +2350,7 @@ async def _reconcile_network_sdkconfig() -> None:
     if (
         wifi_wants_dhcps_off or dhcp_server_disabled_by_option
     ) and not arduino_eth_exclusion:
-        set_opt("CONFIG_LWIP_DHCPS", False)
+        set_idf_sdkconfig_default("CONFIG_LWIP_DHCPS", False)
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.FINAL)
@@ -2248,6 +2365,57 @@ async def _add_yaml_idf_components(components: list[ConfigType]):
         )
 
 
+@coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.FINAL)
+async def _reconcile_vfs_fatfs_sdkconfig(
+    disable_vfs_termios: bool,
+    disable_vfs_select: bool,
+    disable_vfs_dir: bool,
+    disable_fatfs: bool,
+) -> None:
+    """Reconcile VFS/FATFS sdkconfig flags after all require_*() calls; user sdkconfig_options win."""
+    opts = CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS]
+
+    # USB Serial JTAG VFS needs termios (require_vfs_termios(), e.g. logger). ~1.8KB flash when off.
+    if CORE.data.get(KEY_VFS_TERMIOS_REQUIRED, False):
+        set_idf_sdkconfig_default("CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_TERMIOS", True)
+    else:
+        set_idf_sdkconfig_default("CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_TERMIOS", not disable_vfs_termios)
+
+    # VFS select is only needed for UART/eventfd fds (require_vfs_select(), e.g. openthread);
+    # sockets use lwip_select() either way. ~2.7KB flash when off.
+    if CORE.data.get(KEY_VFS_SELECT_REQUIRED, False):
+        set_idf_sdkconfig_default("CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT", True)
+    else:
+        set_idf_sdkconfig_default("CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT", not disable_vfs_select)
+
+    # Directory functions: opendir/readdir/mkdir etc. (require_vfs_dir()). ~0.5KB flash when off.
+    if CORE.data.get(KEY_VFS_DIR_REQUIRED, False):
+        set_idf_sdkconfig_default("CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR", True)
+    else:
+        set_idf_sdkconfig_default("CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR", not disable_vfs_dir)
+
+    # FATFS (require_fatfs()): LFN + one volume per esp_vfs_fat mount. Defaults only;
+    # sdkconfig_options override. FATFS_LONG_FILENAMES is a Kconfig choice -- if the user set
+    # any member, leave the group alone. LFN_HEAP allocates per LFN op; LFN_STACK uses stack.
+    lfn_keys = (
+        "CONFIG_FATFS_LFN_NONE",
+        "CONFIG_FATFS_LFN_HEAP",
+        "CONFIG_FATFS_LFN_STACK",
+    )
+    user_picked_lfn = any(k in opts for k in lfn_keys)
+    if CORE.data[KEY_ESP32].get(KEY_FATFS_REQUIRED, False):
+        if not user_picked_lfn:
+            set_idf_sdkconfig_default("CONFIG_FATFS_LFN_NONE", False)
+            set_idf_sdkconfig_default("CONFIG_FATFS_LFN_HEAP", True)
+            set_idf_sdkconfig_default("CONFIG_FATFS_MAX_LFN", 255)
+        set_idf_sdkconfig_default("CONFIG_FATFS_VOLUME_COUNT", 4)
+    elif disable_fatfs:
+        if not user_picked_lfn:
+            set_idf_sdkconfig_default("CONFIG_FATFS_LFN_NONE", True)
+        # Kconfig range is [1,10]; 0 gets clamped to the default.
+        set_idf_sdkconfig_default("CONFIG_FATFS_VOLUME_COUNT", 1)
+
+
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.FINAL - 1)
 async def _finalize_arduino_aware_flags():
     """Build flags that depend on whether arduino-esp32 is linked in.
@@ -2432,21 +2600,11 @@ async def to_code(config):
         )
 
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_MBEDTLS_PSK_MODES", True)
-        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE", True)
 
     cg.add_build_flag("-Wno-nonnull-compare")
 
-    # Use CMN (common CAs) bundle by default to save ~51KB flash
-    # CMN covers CAs with >1% market share (~99% of websites)
-    # Components needing uncommon CAs can call require_full_certificate_bundle()
-    use_full_bundle = conf[CONF_ADVANCED].get(
-        CONF_USE_FULL_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE, False
-    ) or CORE.data[KEY_ESP32].get(KEY_FULL_CERT_BUNDLE, False)
-    add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
-        "CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE_DEFAULT_FULL", use_full_bundle
-    )
-    if not use_full_bundle:
-        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE_DEFAULT_CMN", True)
+    if conf[CONF_ADVANCED].get(CONF_USE_FULL_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE, False):
+        require_full_certificate_bundle()
 
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option(f"CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_{variant}", True)
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
@@ -2461,15 +2619,14 @@ async def to_code(config):
             f"CONFIG_ESPTOOLPY_FLASHFREQ_{flash_frequency[:-3]}M", True
         )
 
-    # ESP32-P4: ESP-IDF 5.5.3 changed the default of ESP32P4_SELECTS_REV_LESS_V3
-    # from y to n. PlatformIO uses sections.ld.in (for rev <3) or
-    # sections.rev3.ld.in (for rev >=3) based on board definition.
-    # Set the sdkconfig option to match the board's chip revision.
+    # ESP32-P4: pre-v3 and rev3 (v3.0+) silicon are not binary compatible.
+    # CONFIG_ESP32P4_SELECTS_REV_LESS_V3 selects which layout ESP-IDF links;
+    # validation normalizes CONF_ENGINEERING_SAMPLE from the board when unset.
     if variant == VARIANT_ESP32P4:
-        is_eng_sample = BOARDS.get(config[CONF_BOARD], {}).get(
-            "engineering_sample", False
+        add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
+            "CONFIG_ESP32P4_SELECTS_REV_LESS_V3",
+            config.get(CONF_ENGINEERING_SAMPLE, False),
         )
-        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_ESP32P4_SELECTS_REV_LESS_V3", is_eng_sample)
 
     # Set minimum chip revision for ESP32 variant
     # Setting this to 3.0 or higher reduces flash size by excluding workaround code,
@@ -2577,13 +2734,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     _configure_lwip_max_sockets(conf)
 
     if advanced[CONF_EXECUTE_FROM_PSRAM]:
-        if variant == VARIANT_ESP32S3:
-            add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_SPIRAM_FETCH_INSTRUCTIONS", True)
-            add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_SPIRAM_RODATA", True)
-        elif variant == VARIANT_ESP32P4:
-            add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_SPIRAM_XIP_FROM_PSRAM", True)
-        else:
-            raise ValueError("Unhandled ESP32 variant")
+        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_SPIRAM_XIP_FROM_PSRAM", True)
 
     # Apply LWIP core locking for better socket performance
     # This is already enabled by default in Arduino framework, where it provides
@@ -2603,47 +2754,6 @@ async def to_code(config):
     if advanced[CONF_DISABLE_LIBC_LOCKS_IN_IRAM]:
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_LIBC_LOCKS_PLACE_IN_IRAM", False)
 
-    # Disable VFS support for termios (terminal I/O functions)
-    # USB Serial JTAG VFS functions require termios support.
-    # Components that need it (e.g., logger when USB_SERIAL_JTAG is supported but not selected
-    # as the logger output) call require_vfs_termios().
-    # Saves approximately 1.8KB of flash when disabled (default).
-    if CORE.data.get(KEY_VFS_TERMIOS_REQUIRED, False):
-        # Component requires VFS termios - force enable regardless of user setting
-        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_TERMIOS", True)
-    else:
-        # No component needs it - allow user to control (default: disabled)
-        add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
-            "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_TERMIOS", not advanced[CONF_DISABLE_VFS_SUPPORT_TERMIOS]
-        )
-
-    # Disable VFS support for select() with file descriptors
-    # ESPHome only uses select() with sockets via lwip_select(), which still works.
-    # VFS select is only needed for UART/eventfd file descriptors.
-    # Components that need it (e.g., openthread) call require_vfs_select().
-    # Saves approximately 2.7KB of flash when disabled (default).
-    if CORE.data.get(KEY_VFS_SELECT_REQUIRED, False):
-        # Component requires VFS select - force enable regardless of user setting
-        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT", True)
-    else:
-        # No component needs it - allow user to control (default: disabled)
-        add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
-            "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT", not advanced[CONF_DISABLE_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT]
-        )
-
-    # Disable VFS support for directory functions (opendir, readdir, mkdir, etc.)
-    # ESPHome doesn't use directory functions on ESP32.
-    # Components that need it (e.g., storage components) call require_vfs_dir().
-    # Saves approximately 0.5KB+ of flash when disabled (default).
-    if CORE.data.get(KEY_VFS_DIR_REQUIRED, False):
-        # Component requires VFS directory support - force enable regardless of user setting
-        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR", True)
-    else:
-        # No component needs it - allow user to control (default: disabled)
-        add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
-            "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR", not advanced[CONF_DISABLE_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR]
-        )
-
     if use_platformio:
         cg.add_platformio_option("board_build.partitions", "partitions.csv")
     if CONF_PARTITIONS in config:
@@ -2878,6 +2988,19 @@ async def to_code(config):
     # FINAL priority: runs after every network/coexistence request_*() call
     CORE.add_job(_reconcile_network_sdkconfig)
 
+    # FINAL priority: runs after every require_certificate_bundle() call
+    CORE.add_job(_reconcile_certificate_bundle_sdkconfig)
+
+    # FINAL: require_*() calls can come from to_code at or below this priority, so an
+    # inline read would be iteration-order-dependent; reconcile once after every job ran.
+    CORE.add_job(
+        _reconcile_vfs_fatfs_sdkconfig,
+        advanced[CONF_DISABLE_VFS_SUPPORT_TERMIOS],
+        advanced[CONF_DISABLE_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT],
+        advanced[CONF_DISABLE_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR],
+        advanced[CONF_DISABLE_FATFS],
+    )
+
     # Disable regi2c control functions in IRAM
     # Only needed if using analog peripherals (ADC, DAC, etc.) from ISRs while cache is disabled
     if advanced[CONF_DISABLE_REGI2C_IN_IRAM]:
@@ -2893,19 +3016,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
     ):
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_ADC_ONESHOT_CTRL_FUNC_IN_IRAM", True)
 
-    # Disable FATFS support
-    # Components that need FATFS (SD card, etc.) can call require_fatfs()
-    if CORE.data[KEY_ESP32].get(KEY_FATFS_REQUIRED, False):
-        # Component called require_fatfs() - enable regardless of user setting
-        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_FATFS_LFN_NONE", False)
-        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_FATFS_VOLUME_COUNT", 2)
-    elif advanced[CONF_DISABLE_FATFS]:
-        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_FATFS_LFN_NONE", True)
-        # Kconfig range is [1,10]; 0 gets clamped to the default.
-        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_FATFS_VOLUME_COUNT", 1)
-
     for name, value in conf[CONF_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS].items():
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option(name, RawSdkconfigValue(value))
+    # A bundle forced on through sdkconfig_options is a request like any other,
+    # so it still gets the CMN variant pinned.
+    if conf[CONF_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS].get("CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE") == "y":
+        require_certificate_bundle()
 
     # Components from YAML are added in a separate coroutine with FINAL priority
     # Schedule it to run after all other components
@@ -3134,7 +3250,13 @@ def _write_sdkconfig():
     if write_file_if_changed(internal_path, contents):
         # internal changed, update real one
         write_file_if_changed(sdk_path, contents)
-        clean_build(clear_pio_cache=False)
+        if not CORE.using_toolchain_esp_idf:
+            # PIO's dependency tracking under-declares sdkconfig inputs
+            # (ldgen, linker scripts); without a clean the image can be
+            # unbootable (esphome#15336). The esp-idf toolchain tracks
+            # sdkconfig via IDF's cmake and has_outdated_files(), so a
+            # reconfigure suffices there; everything else fails safe.
+            clean_build(clear_pio_cache=False)
 
 
 def _write_idf_component_yml():
@@ -3266,17 +3388,45 @@ def copy_files():
         __version__,
     )
 
+    # Remote extra build files are fetched into the shared download cache in
+    # one parallel batch (conditional requests skip unchanged files), then
+    # copied into the build tree like their local counterparts.
+    sources: dict[str, Path] = {}
+    remote: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
     for file in CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_EXTRA_BUILD_FILES].values():
         name: str = file[KEY_NAME]
         path: Path = file[KEY_PATH]
         if str(path).startswith("http"):
-            import requests
-
-            CORE.relative_build_path(name).parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-            content = requests.get(path, timeout=30).content
-            CORE.relative_build_path(name).write_bytes(content)
+            remote.append((name, str(path)))
         else:
-            copy_file_if_changed(path, CORE.relative_build_path(name))
+            sources[name] = path
+    if remote:
+        # Imported lazily: requests (via external_files) is a heavy import
+        # and remote extra build files are rare.
+        from esphome import external_files
+
+        downloads: list[external_files.RemoteFile] = []
+        for name, url in remote:
+            cache_path = external_files.compute_local_file_path(KEY_ESP32, url)
+            # Unverifiable bytes: an unrevalidated copy is an error, matching
+            # the old always-download behavior on network failure.
+            downloads.append(
+                external_files.RemoteFile(url, cache_path, allow_stale=False)
+            )
+            sources[name] = cache_path
+        try:
+            external_files.download_content_many(
+                downloads, description="extra build file(s)"
+            )
+        except cv.MultipleInvalid as e:
+            details = "; ".join(str(err) for err in e.errors)
+            raise EsphomeError(
+                f"Could not download extra build file(s): {details}"
+            ) from e
+        except cv.Invalid as e:
+            raise EsphomeError(f"Could not download extra build file(s): {e}") from e
+    for name, source in sources.items():
+        copy_file_if_changed(source, CORE.relative_build_path(name))
 
 
 def _decode_pc(config, addr):
@@ -3374,3 +3524,10 @@ def process_stacktrace(config, line, backtrace_state):
             _decode_pc(config, addr.group())
 
     return backtrace_state
+
+
+# gpio.cpp only implements ESP32InternalGPIOPin and its ISR helpers, which
+# are instantiated solely by the pin schema codegen (esp32_pin_to_code)
+FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_defines(
+    {"gpio.cpp": "USE_ESP32_INTERNAL_GPIO"}
+)
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/const.py b/esphome/components/esp32/const.py
index 09f458c64b..e7d8a66e7a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/const.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/const.py
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ KEY_REFRESH = "refresh"
 KEY_PATH = "path"
 KEY_SUBMODULES = "submodules"
 KEY_EXTRA_BUILD_FILES = "extra_build_files"
+KEY_CERT_BUNDLE = "cert_bundle"
 KEY_FULL_CERT_BUNDLE = "full_cert_bundle"
 KEY_NETWORK_SDKCONFIG = "network_sdkconfig"
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp
index 098a59937a..a6916fe739 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "preferences.h"
 #include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h>
 #include <freertos/task.h>
@@ -29,6 +30,13 @@ void loop_task(void *pv_params) {
 }
 
 extern "C" void app_main() {
+  // Apply the custom eFuse MAC (if burned and valid) as the base MAC before any
+  // interface (Wi-Fi, Ethernet, Bluetooth, 802.15.4) derives its address from it.
+  // The logger does not exist yet, so only log-free helpers may be used here.
+  uint8_t mac[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];
+  if (get_custom_mac_address(mac)) {
+    set_mac_address(mac);
+  }
   initArduino();
   esp32::setup_preferences();
 #if CONFIG_FREERTOS_UNICORE
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/crash_handler.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32/crash_handler.cpp
index 1b054dcc49..6f65243aaa 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/crash_handler.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/crash_handler.cpp
@@ -124,6 +124,15 @@ static uint8_t IRAM_ATTR capture_riscv_backtrace(RvExcFrame *frame, uint32_t *ou
 // Version is uint32_t because it would be padded to 4 bytes anyway before the next
 // uint32_t field, so we use the full width rather than wasting 3 bytes of padding.
 static constexpr uint32_t CRASH_DATA_VERSION = 4;
+#if CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ARCH_XTENSA
+// EXCCAUSE is a 6-bit register; larger recorded values mean the frame's
+// cause/vaddr slots were never written (not a real exception frame).
+static constexpr uint32_t XTENSA_EXCCAUSE_COUNT = XCHAL_EXCCAUSE_NUM;
+#elif CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ARCH_RISCV
+// Synchronous mcause exception codes are small and have no interrupt bit;
+// anything else in a non-pseudo record is a stale slot.
+static constexpr uint32_t RISCV_EXCEPTION_CAUSE_COUNT = 32;
+#endif
 struct RawCrashData {
   uint32_t version;
   uint32_t magic;
@@ -198,10 +207,28 @@ void crash_handler_clear() {
   s_raw_crash_data.magic = 0;
 }
 
+// Whether the cause slot was written by a real exception frame.
+static bool cause_slot_was_written() {
+#if CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ARCH_XTENSA
+  return s_raw_crash_data.cause < XTENSA_EXCCAUSE_COUNT;
+#else
+  return s_raw_crash_data.cause < RISCV_EXCEPTION_CAUSE_COUNT;
+#endif
+}
+
 // Look up the exception cause as a human-readable string.
 // Tables mirror ESP-IDF's panic_arch_fill_info() which uses local static arrays
 // not exposed via any public API.
 static const char *get_exception_reason() {
+  uint8_t exception = s_raw_crash_data.exception;
+  if (exception == PANIC_EXCEPTION_ABORT || exception == PANIC_EXCEPTION_TWDT) {
+    // Abort-class panics carry no cause register
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  if (!cause_slot_was_written()) {
+    // Garbage from old-build or corrupt records; report just the type
+    return nullptr;
+  }
 #if CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ARCH_XTENSA
   if (s_raw_crash_data.pseudo_excause) {
     // SoC-level panic: watchdog, cache error, etc.
@@ -354,21 +381,11 @@ static const char *const FAULT_ADDR_REG = "MTVAL";
 static const char *const FAULT_ADDR_REG_LOWER = "mtval";
 #endif
 
-// Whether the fault address is meaningful — real CPU faults only, not
-// aborts/watchdogs or SoC-level pseudo exceptions.
+// Whether the fault address is meaningful: real CPU faults with a validly
+// written frame only.
 static bool has_fault_addr() {
-  return s_raw_crash_data.exception == PANIC_EXCEPTION_FAULT && !s_raw_crash_data.pseudo_excause;
-}
-
-// Append both cores' backtrace addresses to buf; returns the new position.
-static int append_all_backtraces(char *buf, int size, int pos) {
-  pos = append_addrs_to_hint(buf, size, pos, s_raw_crash_data.backtrace, s_raw_crash_data.backtrace_count,
-                             s_raw_crash_data.reg_frame_count);
-#if SOC_CPU_CORES_NUM > 1
-  pos = append_addrs_to_hint(buf, size, pos, s_raw_crash_data.other_backtrace, s_raw_crash_data.other_backtrace_count,
-                             s_raw_crash_data.other_reg_frame_count);
-#endif
-  return pos;
+  return s_raw_crash_data.exception == PANIC_EXCEPTION_FAULT && !s_raw_crash_data.pseudo_excause &&
+         cause_slot_was_written();
 }
 
 // The record was captured by a different firmware build (it survives soft
@@ -443,11 +460,23 @@ void crash_handler_log() {
   }
 #endif
 
-  // Build addr2line hint with all captured addresses for easy copy-paste
+  // Build addr2line hints for easy copy-paste. One line per core: the two
+  // backtraces are separate stacks, and a combined list decodes as one
+  // impossible call chain (and can overflow the buffer, dropping addresses).
+  static const char *const ADDR2LINE_CMD = "addr2line -pfiaC -e firmware.elf";
   char hint[256];
-  int pos = snprintf(hint, sizeof(hint), "Use: addr2line -pfiaC -e firmware.elf 0x%08" PRIX32, s_raw_crash_data.pc);
-  append_all_backtraces(hint, sizeof(hint), pos);
+  int pos = snprintf(hint, sizeof(hint), "Use: %s 0x%08" PRIX32, ADDR2LINE_CMD, s_raw_crash_data.pc);
+  append_addrs_to_hint(hint, sizeof(hint), pos, s_raw_crash_data.backtrace, s_raw_crash_data.backtrace_count,
+                       s_raw_crash_data.reg_frame_count);
   ESP_LOGE(TAG, "%s", hint);
+#if SOC_CPU_CORES_NUM > 1
+  if (s_raw_crash_data.other_backtrace_count > 0) {
+    pos = snprintf(hint, sizeof(hint), "Other core: %s", ADDR2LINE_CMD);
+    append_addrs_to_hint(hint, sizeof(hint), pos, s_raw_crash_data.other_backtrace,
+                         s_raw_crash_data.other_backtrace_count, s_raw_crash_data.other_reg_frame_count);
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "%s", hint);
+  }
+#endif
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::esp32
@@ -457,6 +486,10 @@ void crash_handler_log() {
 // into NOINIT memory before the normal panic handler runs.
 //
 extern "C" {
+// Set by IDF's task watchdog (task_wdt.c, no header) before it simulates an
+// abort; weak so builds without the task watchdog still link.
+extern bool g_twdt_isr __attribute__((weak));
+
 // NOLINTBEGIN(bugprone-reserved-identifier,cert-dcl37-c,cert-dcl51-cpp,readability-identifier-naming)
 // Names are mandated by the --wrap linker mechanism
 extern void __real_esp_panic_handler(panic_info_t *info);
@@ -469,6 +502,14 @@ void IRAM_ATTR __wrap_esp_panic_handler(panic_info_t *info) {
   s_raw_crash_data.exception = (uint8_t) info->exception;
   s_raw_crash_data.pseudo_excause = info->pseudo_excause ? 1 : 0;
   s_raw_crash_data.crashed_core = (uint8_t) info->core;
+  if (g_panic_abort) {
+    // IDF reclassifies to ABORT only inside esp_panic_handler(), after this
+    // wrapper captured info->exception; correct it here. TWDT is our own
+    // distinction (IDF never assigns PANIC_EXCEPTION_TWDT). The abort text is
+    // not stored; the symbolized backtrace already identifies the site.
+    bool is_twdt = &g_twdt_isr != nullptr && g_twdt_isr;
+    s_raw_crash_data.exception = (uint8_t) (is_twdt ? PANIC_EXCEPTION_TWDT : PANIC_EXCEPTION_ABORT);
+  }
   // Zero unconditionally so a null frame doesn't leave stale .noinit data from a previous boot
   s_raw_crash_data.cause = 0;
   s_raw_crash_data.fault_addr = 0;
@@ -486,8 +527,12 @@ void IRAM_ATTR __wrap_esp_panic_handler(panic_info_t *info) {
   // Xtensa: walk the backtrace using the public API
   if (info->frame != nullptr) {
     auto *xt_frame = (XtExcFrame *) info->frame;
-    s_raw_crash_data.cause = xt_frame->exccause;
-    s_raw_crash_data.fault_addr = xt_frame->excvaddr;
+    if (!g_panic_abort) {
+      // Abort-class frames carry no useful cause/vaddr: TWDT task snapshots
+      // never wrote them and abort() traps describe only the synthetic trap.
+      s_raw_crash_data.cause = xt_frame->exccause;
+      s_raw_crash_data.fault_addr = xt_frame->excvaddr;
+    }
     s_raw_crash_data.backtrace_count = walk_xtensa_backtrace(xt_frame, s_raw_crash_data.backtrace, MAX_BACKTRACE);
   }
 
@@ -509,8 +554,11 @@ void IRAM_ATTR __wrap_esp_panic_handler(panic_info_t *info) {
   // RISC-V: capture MEPC + RA, then scan stack for code addresses
   if (info->frame != nullptr) {
     auto *rv_frame = (RvExcFrame *) info->frame;
-    s_raw_crash_data.cause = rv_frame->mcause;
-    s_raw_crash_data.fault_addr = rv_frame->mtval;
+    if (!g_panic_abort) {
+      // See the Xtensa branch: abort-class frames carry no valid cause/vaddr.
+      s_raw_crash_data.cause = rv_frame->mcause;
+      s_raw_crash_data.fault_addr = rv_frame->mtval;
+    }
     s_raw_crash_data.backtrace_count =
         capture_riscv_backtrace(rv_frame, s_raw_crash_data.backtrace, MAX_BACKTRACE, &s_raw_crash_data.reg_frame_count);
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/gpio.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32/gpio.cpp
index 4b53d3a172..74665f3126 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/gpio.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/gpio.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+// Also defines the core ISRInternalGPIOPin methods; those are only reachable
+// via ESP32InternalGPIOPin::to_isr(), so the same define gates both safely.
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(USE_ESP32_INTERNAL_GPIO)
 
 #include "gpio.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
@@ -204,4 +207,4 @@ void IRAM_ATTR ISRInternalGPIOPin::pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) {
 
 }  // namespace esphome
 
-#endif  // USE_ESP32
+#endif  // USE_ESP32 && USE_ESP32_INTERNAL_GPIO
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/gpio.py b/esphome/components/esp32/gpio.py
index 321dd3d498..98aac209ec 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/gpio.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/gpio.py
@@ -257,6 +257,7 @@ ESP32_PIN_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(PLATFORM_ESP32, ESP32_PIN_SCHEMA)
 async def esp32_pin_to_code(config):
+    cg.add_define("USE_ESP32_INTERNAL_GPIO")
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     num = config[CONF_NUMBER]
     cg.add(var.set_pin(getattr(gpio_num_t, f"GPIO_NUM_{num}")))
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_s31.py b/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_s31.py
index d49240723b..7ccb7cdb90 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_s31.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_s31.py
@@ -5,11 +5,14 @@ import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_INPUT, CONF_MODE, CONF_NUMBER, CONF_SCL, CONF_SDA
 from esphome.pins import check_strapping_pin
 
-# Per the ESP32-S31 datasheet (page 96):
+# Per the ESP32-S31 IDF DOCS and datasheet:
+# https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/v6.1/esp32s31/api-reference/peripherals/gpio.html
 # https://documentation.espressif.com/esp32-s31_datasheet_en.pdf
-_ESP32S31_SPI_FLASH_PINS: set[int] = {27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33}
-# GPIO60/GPIO61 set the boot mode; GPIO37 selects the JTAG signal source.
-_ESP32S31_STRAPPING_PINS: set[int] = {37, 60, 61}
+_ESP32S31_SPI_FLASH_PINS: set[int] = {26, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32}
+_ESP32S31_INVALID_PINS: set[int] = {29, 41}
+# GPIO60/GPIO61 set the boot mode; GPIO37 selects the JTAG signal source;
+# GPIO36 sets the VDD_SPI voltage.
+_ESP32S31_STRAPPING_PINS: set[int] = {36, 37, 60, 61}
 # LP I2C is fixed to GPIO6 (SCL) / GPIO7 (SDA) per the datasheet IO MUX table.
 _ESP32S31_I2C_LP_PINS = {"SDA": 7, "SCL": 6}
 
@@ -19,6 +22,8 @@ _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 def esp32_s31_validate_gpio_pin(value: int) -> int:
     if value < 0 or value > 61:
         raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid pin number: {value} (must be 0-61)")
+    if value in _ESP32S31_INVALID_PINS:
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"GPIO{value} does not exist on ESP32-S31.")
     if value in _ESP32S31_SPI_FLASH_PINS:
         raise cv.Invalid(
             f"GPIO{value} is reserved for the SPI flash interface on ESP32-S31 and cannot be used."
@@ -33,6 +38,10 @@ def esp32_s31_validate_supports(value: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
 
     if num < 0 or num > 61:
         raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid pin number: {num} (must be 0-61)")
+    # Checked here as well so ignore_pin_validation_error cannot bypass it;
+    # these pins are not bonded and can never work
+    if num in _ESP32S31_INVALID_PINS:
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"GPIO{num} does not exist on ESP32-S31.")
     if is_input:
         # All ESP32 pins support input mode
         pass
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/helpers.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32/helpers.cpp
index afcec8bfc7..91b4241211 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/helpers.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/helpers.cpp
@@ -71,23 +71,32 @@ static bool read_valid_mac(uint8_t *mac, esp_err_t err) { return err == ESP_OK &
 
 static constexpr size_t MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE_BITS = MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE * 8;  // 48 bits
 
+// Must not use the ESPHome logger (may run before it exists, e.g. from app_main()).
+bool get_custom_mac_address(uint8_t *mac) {
+  // has_custom_mac_address() checks the raw eFuse field, while the reads below select their
+  // method differently and may still fail (CRC), so the result must be validated again.
+  if (!has_custom_mac_address())
+    return false;
+#if defined(CONFIG_SOC_IEEE802154_SUPPORTED)
+  return read_valid_mac(mac, esp_efuse_read_field_blob(ESP_EFUSE_MAC_CUSTOM, mac, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE_BITS));
+#else
+  return read_valid_mac(mac, esp_efuse_mac_get_custom(mac));
+#endif
+}
+
 void get_mac_address_raw(uint8_t *mac) {  // NOLINT(readability-non-const-parameter)
+  if (get_custom_mac_address(mac)) {
+    return;
+  }
 #if defined(CONFIG_SOC_IEEE802154_SUPPORTED)
   // When CONFIG_SOC_IEEE802154_SUPPORTED is defined, esp_efuse_mac_get_default
   // returns the 802.15.4 EUI-64 address, so we read directly from eFuse instead.
-  // Both paths already read raw eFuse bytes, so there is no CRC-bypass fallback
+  // This already reads raw eFuse bytes, so there is no CRC-bypass fallback
   // (unlike the non-IEEE802154 path where esp_efuse_mac_get_default does CRC checks).
-  if (has_custom_mac_address() &&
-      read_valid_mac(mac, esp_efuse_read_field_blob(ESP_EFUSE_MAC_CUSTOM, mac, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE_BITS))) {
-    return;
-  }
   if (read_valid_mac(mac, esp_efuse_read_field_blob(ESP_EFUSE_MAC_FACTORY, mac, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE_BITS))) {
     return;
   }
 #else
-  if (has_custom_mac_address() && read_valid_mac(mac, esp_efuse_mac_get_custom(mac))) {
-    return;
-  }
   if (read_valid_mac(mac, esp_efuse_mac_get_default(mac))) {
     return;
   }
@@ -109,7 +118,7 @@ void set_mac_address(uint8_t *mac) { esp_base_mac_addr_set(mac); }
 
 bool has_custom_mac_address() {
 #if !defined(USE_ESP32_IGNORE_EFUSE_CUSTOM_MAC)
-  uint8_t mac[6];
+  uint8_t mac[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];
   // do not use 'esp_efuse_mac_get_custom(mac)' because it drops an error in the logs whenever it fails
 #ifndef USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32
   return (esp_efuse_read_field_blob(ESP_EFUSE_USER_DATA_MAC_CUSTOM, mac, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE_BITS) == ESP_OK) &&
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/__init__.py
index 935d8b1b7e..7e97111686 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/__init__.py
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ from esphome.components.esp32 import (
     request_bluetooth,
 )
 from esphome.components.esp32.const import VARIANT_ESP32C2
+from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_defines
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ENABLE_ON_BOOT,
@@ -31,7 +32,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_NAME,
     CONF_NAME_ADD_MAC_SUFFIX,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, TimePeriod
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID, TimePeriod
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
@@ -383,7 +385,7 @@ def _validate_key_sizes(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(CONFIG_SCHEMA, _validate_key_sizes)
 
 
-def validate_variant(_):
+def validate_variant(_: ConfigType) -> None:
     variant = get_esp32_variant()
     if variant in NO_BLUETOOTH_VARIANTS:
         raise cv.Invalid(f"{variant} does not support Bluetooth")
@@ -443,7 +445,7 @@ def validate_connection_slots(max_connections: int) -> None:
     )
 
 
-def final_validation(config):
+def final_validation(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     validate_variant(config)
     if (name := config.get(CONF_NAME)) is not None:
         full_config = fv.full_config.get()
@@ -514,13 +516,11 @@ def final_validation(config):
     # For newer chips (C3/S3/etc), different configs are used automatically
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_BTDM_CTRL_BLE_MAX_CONN", max_connections)
 
-    return config
-
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = final_validation
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_enable_on_boot(config[CONF_ENABLE_ON_BOOT]))
     cg.add(var.set_io_capability(config[CONF_IO_CAPABILITY]))
@@ -607,19 +607,41 @@ async def to_code(config):
 
 
 @automation.register_condition("ble.enabled", BLEEnabledCondition, cv.Schema({}))
-async def ble_enabled_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
+async def ble_enabled_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    condition_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     return cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg)
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
     "ble.enable", BLEEnableAction, cv.Schema({}), synchronous=True
 )
-async def ble_enable_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def ble_enable_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
     "ble.disable", BLEDisableAction, cv.Schema({}), synchronous=True
 )
-async def ble_disable_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def ble_disable_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
+
+
+# ble_advertising.cpp is fully #ifdef'd on USE_ESP32_BLE_ADVERTISING, set
+# when advertising is enabled here or by esp32_ble_server / esp32_ble_beacon.
+FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_defines(
+    {"ble_advertising.cpp": "USE_ESP32_BLE_ADVERTISING"}
+)
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp
index fb75e8837f..6e6fb0e30d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp
@@ -643,11 +643,33 @@ void ESP32BLE::gap_event_handler(esp_gap_ble_cb_event_t event, esp_ble_gap_cb_pa
       App.wake_loop_threadsafe();
       return;
 
+    // Log the result of connection parameter updates: a peer can reject or
+    // never answer an update, and without this the link silently stays on the
+    // old parameters (visible only as unexplained supervision timeouts).
+    case ESP_GAP_BLE_UPDATE_CONN_PARAMS_EVT: {
+      if (param->update_conn_params.status != ESP_BT_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
+        char mac_s[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
+        format_mac_addr_upper(param->update_conn_params.bda, mac_s);
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Conn param update failed, status=%d", mac_s, param->update_conn_params.status);
+      }
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
+      else {
+        char mac_s[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
+        format_mac_addr_upper(param->update_conn_params.bda, mac_s);
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%s] Conn params updated: interval=%u (x1.25ms) latency=%u timeout=%u (x10ms)", mac_s,
+                 param->update_conn_params.conn_int, param->update_conn_params.latency,
+                 param->update_conn_params.timeout);
+      }
+#endif
+      return;
+    }
+
     // Ignore these GAP events as they are not relevant for our use case
-    case ESP_GAP_BLE_UPDATE_CONN_PARAMS_EVT:
     case ESP_GAP_BLE_SET_PKT_LENGTH_COMPLETE_EVT:
     case ESP_GAP_BLE_PHY_UPDATE_COMPLETE_EVT:       // BLE 5.0 PHY update complete
     case ESP_GAP_BLE_CHANNEL_SELECT_ALGORITHM_EVT:  // BLE 5.0 channel selection algorithm
+    case ESP_GAP_BLE_LOCAL_IR_EVT:                  // Local identity root key generated at security init
+    case ESP_GAP_BLE_LOCAL_ER_EVT:                  // Local encryption root key generated at security init
       return;
 
     default:
@@ -674,11 +696,23 @@ void ESP32BLE::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gat
 }
 #endif
 
+void ESP32BLE::get_mac_msb_first(uint8_t out[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE]) const {
+  // The running stack owns the address (on hosted controllers it lives in
+  // the remote chip's efuse); null before init becomes all-zero.
+  const uint8_t *mac = esp_bt_dev_get_address();
+  if (mac != nullptr) {
+    memcpy(out, mac, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE);
+  } else {
+    memset(out, 0, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE);
+  }
+}
+
 float ESP32BLE::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::BLUETOOTH; }
 
 void ESP32BLE::dump_config() {
-  const uint8_t *mac_address = esp_bt_dev_get_address();
-  if (mac_address) {
+  uint8_t mac_address[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];
+  this->get_mac_msb_first(mac_address);
+  if (mac_address_is_valid(mac_address)) {
     const char *io_capability_s;
     switch (this->io_cap_) {
       case ESP_IO_CAP_OUT:
@@ -701,7 +735,7 @@ void ESP32BLE::dump_config() {
         break;
     }
 
-    char mac_s[18];
+    char mac_s[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
     format_mac_addr_upper(mac_address, mac_s);
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                   "BLE:\n"
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.h b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.h
index c85ddfc983..2a355a6c8b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.h
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.h
@@ -108,6 +108,8 @@ class ESP32BLE final : public Component {
   void setup() override;
   void loop() override;
   void dump_config() override;
+  /// Adapter MAC in printable (MSB-first) order; all-zero until the stack is up.
+  void get_mac_msb_first(uint8_t out[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE]) const;
   float get_setup_priority() const override;
   void set_name(const char *name) { this->name_ = name; }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_beacon/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_beacon/__init__.py
index d762255040..e9c44284e4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_beacon/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_beacon/__init__.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from esphome.components.esp32_ble import CONF_BLE_ID
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_TX_POWER, CONF_TYPE, CONF_UUID
 from esphome.core import TimePeriod
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["esp32_ble"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32"]
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ CONF_MAX_INTERVAL = "max_interval"
 CONF_MEASURED_POWER = "measured_power"
 
 
-def validate_config(config):
+def validate_config(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if config[CONF_MIN_INTERVAL] > config.get(CONF_MAX_INTERVAL):
         raise cv.Invalid("min_interval must be <= max_interval")
     return config
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = esp32_ble.validate_variant
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_define("USE_ESP32_BLE_UUID")
 
     uuid = config[CONF_UUID].hex
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.cpp
index bd80f71a49..e6cdde9cda 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.cpp
@@ -13,20 +13,14 @@ namespace esphome::esp32_ble_client {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "esp32_ble_client";
 
-// Intermediate connection parameters for standard operation
-// ESP-IDF defaults (12.5-15ms) are too slow for stable connections through WiFi-based BLE proxies,
-// causing disconnections. These medium parameters balance responsiveness with bandwidth usage.
-static constexpr uint16_t MEDIUM_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL = 0x07;  // 7 * 1.25ms = 8.75ms
-static constexpr uint16_t MEDIUM_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL = 0x09;  // 9 * 1.25ms = 11.25ms
-// The timeout value was increased from 6s to 8s to address stability issues observed
-// in certain BLE devices when operating through WiFi-based BLE proxies. The longer
-// timeout reduces the likelihood of disconnections during periods of high latency.
-static constexpr uint16_t MEDIUM_CONN_TIMEOUT = 800;  // 800 * 10ms = 8s
-
-// Fastest connection parameters for devices with short discovery timeouts
-static constexpr uint16_t FAST_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL = 0x06;  // 6 * 1.25ms = 7.5ms (BLE minimum)
-static constexpr uint16_t FAST_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL = 0x06;  // 6 * 1.25ms = 7.5ms
-static constexpr uint16_t FAST_CONN_TIMEOUT = 1000;       // 1000 * 10ms = 10s
+// Connection parameters are shared with the other GATT client backends
+// (ble_device_base/ble_client_state.h) so the platforms cannot drift.
+using ble_device_base::FAST_CONN_TIMEOUT;
+using ble_device_base::FAST_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL;
+using ble_device_base::FAST_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL;
+using ble_device_base::MEDIUM_CONN_TIMEOUT;
+using ble_device_base::MEDIUM_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL;
+using ble_device_base::MEDIUM_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL;
 static constexpr uint32_t DISCONNECTING_TIMEOUT = 10000;  // 10s
 static const esp_bt_uuid_t NOTIFY_DESC_UUID = {
     .len = ESP_UUID_LEN_16,
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.h b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.h
index 0902aad924..e4b9cd5100 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.h
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.h
@@ -92,6 +92,8 @@ class BLEClientBase : public espbt::ESPBTClient, public Component {
   uint16_t get_conn_id() const { return this->conn_id_; }
   uint64_t get_address() const { return this->address_; }
   bool is_paired() const { return this->paired_; }
+  // The proxy clears this when a bond is removed while the link is up.
+  void set_unpaired() { this->paired_ = false; }
 
   uint8_t get_connection_index() const { return this->connection_index_; }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/__init__.py
index ea2a9667d7..855a3be29b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/__init__.py
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ def create_device_information_service(config):
     return config
 
 
-def final_validate_config(config):
+def final_validate_config(config) -> None:
     # Validate max_clients does not exceed esp32_ble max_connections
     max_clients = config[CONF_MAX_CLIENTS]
     if max_clients > 1:
@@ -355,7 +355,6 @@ def final_validate_config(config):
             raise cv.Invalid(
                 f"Characteristic {char_config[CONF_UUID]} has both a set_value action and a templated value"
             )
-    return config
 
 
 def validate_value_type(value_config):
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/__init__.py
index b8f49d4fbd..906144e5fd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/__init__.py
@@ -1,13 +1,17 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import copy
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 import logging
 
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import ble_device_base, esp32_ble, ota
+from esphome.components.ble_device_base import CONF_CONNECTION_SCAN_WINDOW
 from esphome.components.const import CONF_ON_SCAN_END, CONF_SCAN_PARAMETERS, CONF_WINDOW
 from esphome.components.esp32 import (
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option,
+    idf_version,
     request_bluetooth,
     request_software_coexistence,
 )
@@ -35,10 +39,13 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_SERVICE_UUID,
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID, CoroPriority, TimePeriod, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
 from esphome.enum import StrEnum
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
+DOMAIN = "esp32_ble_tracker"
+
 AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "esp32_ble"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@bdraco"]
@@ -66,12 +73,10 @@ def _get_required_features() -> set[BLEFeatures]:
 
 
 # Slot counters sizing the tracker's StaticVector storage; one request per
-# registered listener, client, or scanner state listener.
+# registered listener or client.
+CLIENT_COUNT_DEFINE = "ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_CLIENT_COUNT"
 _request_listener_slot = cg.slot_counter("ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_LISTENER_COUNT")
-_request_client_slot = cg.slot_counter("ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_CLIENT_COUNT")
-_request_scanner_state_listener_slot = cg.slot_counter(
-    "ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_SCANNER_STATE_LISTENER_COUNT"
-)
+_request_client_slot = cg.slot_counter(CLIENT_COUNT_DEFINE)
 
 
 def register_ble_features(features: set[BLEFeatures]) -> None:
@@ -128,11 +133,134 @@ def validate_max_connections_deprecated(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     return config
 
 
+# ESP-IDF 5.5.5 fixed a coexistence bug on the ESP32 where BLE scans ran far
+# longer than the configured window (espressif/esp-idf#18931). Before the fix,
+# the default 30 ms window in a 320 ms interval effectively scanned at a much
+# higher duty cycle than requested; with the fix, that same default only
+# listens 9.4 % of the time and misses most advertisements when wifi shares
+# the radio. Espressif recommends setting the window equal to the interval in
+# that case: the coexistence arbiter still shares the radio with wifi, and
+# BLE uses the airtime wifi does not claim.
+IDF_SCAN_WINDOW_FIX_VERSION = cv.Version(5, 5, 5)
+
+# Above this the scanner holds the shared radio long enough that wifi drops
+# packets and connections on some access points (others cope fine, which is
+# why this is a warning and not an error); old proxy configs with 1100 ms
+# windows are a recurring cause of instability (esphome/esphome#18655). Only
+# wifi shares the radio; long windows are fine on ethernet builds.
+MAX_RECOMMENDED_WIFI_SCAN_WINDOW = TimePeriod(milliseconds=600)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class TrackerData:
+    """Per-run validation state, namespaced under DOMAIN in CORE.data."""
+
+    scan_window_defaulted: bool = False
+    connection_window_injected: bool = False
+
+
+def _get_data() -> TrackerData:
+    if DOMAIN not in CORE.data:
+        CORE.data[DOMAIN] = TrackerData()
+    return CORE.data[DOMAIN]
+
+
+def _scan_window_default() -> TimePeriod:
+    """Schema default for the scan window.
+
+    Records that the user did not set a window, so _raise_defaulted_scan_window
+    can tell a defaulted 30 ms from an explicit one; the raise itself must wait
+    for the outer schema because it depends on software_coexistence, a sibling
+    key not yet resolved here.
+    """
+    _get_data().scan_window_defaulted = True
+    return cv.positive_time_period(ble_device_base.DEFAULT_SCAN_WINDOW)
+
+
+def _raise_defaulted_scan_window(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """Raise a defaulted scan window to the interval where that is safe.
+
+    Only when the coexistence arbiter is compiled in (software_coexistence,
+    present iff wifi is configured and not disabled by the user) and the IDF
+    honors the window strictly (>= 5.5.5); without the arbiter a full-duty
+    scan would starve wifi outright, and a user-set window is never touched.
+    Raising to the interval cannot invalidate the already-validated
+    parameters, so no re-validation is needed. The connection window is
+    checked against the window here, after the raise.
+    """
+    params = config[CONF_SCAN_PARAMETERS]
+    if (
+        _get_data().scan_window_defaulted
+        and config.get(CONF_SOFTWARE_COEXISTENCE)
+        and idf_version() >= IDF_SCAN_WINDOW_FIX_VERSION
+    ):
+        # Copy so the config dump shows a plain value instead of a YAML
+        # anchor/alias pair pointing at the interval.
+        params[CONF_WINDOW] = copy.copy(params[CONF_INTERVAL])
+        # Arm the connection-time fallback unless the user set one. Injected
+        # after validation; safe because it equals the validated window default.
+        if CONF_CONNECTION_SCAN_WINDOW not in params:
+            params[CONF_CONNECTION_SCAN_WINDOW] = cv.positive_time_period(
+                ble_device_base.DEFAULT_SCAN_WINDOW
+            )
+            _get_data().connection_window_injected = True
+    if (
+        connection_window := params.get(CONF_CONNECTION_SCAN_WINDOW)
+    ) is not None and connection_window > params[CONF_WINDOW]:
+        # A larger value would widen the scan during connections.
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"{CONF_CONNECTION_SCAN_WINDOW} ({connection_window}) needs to be "
+            f"smaller than the scan window ({params[CONF_WINDOW]})",
+            path=[CONF_SCAN_PARAMETERS, CONF_CONNECTION_SCAN_WINDOW],
+        )
+    return config
+
+
+def _warn_long_scan_window_with_wifi(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """Warn when the scan window is long enough to starve wifi.
+
+    Runs after _raise_defaulted_scan_window so it sees the final window.
+    software_coexistence is only present when wifi is configured, so ethernet
+    builds never warn: BLE has the radio to itself there. Presence is what
+    matters, not the value; with the arbiter disabled a long window starves
+    wifi outright.
+    """
+    params = config[CONF_SCAN_PARAMETERS]
+    window = params[CONF_WINDOW]
+    if CONF_SOFTWARE_COEXISTENCE not in config:
+        return config
+    if window <= MAX_RECOMMENDED_WIFI_SCAN_WINDOW:
+        return config
+    if _get_data().scan_window_defaulted:
+        # The window was raised to match the interval, so point at the key the
+        # user actually set.
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "BLE scan interval of %s sets the scan window to the same value, "
+            "which starves wifi on the same radio and can cause wifi disconnects "
+            "depending on the access point; keep the interval at or below %s "
+            "(for example interval: 320ms). Long windows are only a problem with "
+            "wifi, they are fine on ethernet",
+            params[CONF_INTERVAL],
+            MAX_RECOMMENDED_WIFI_SCAN_WINDOW,
+        )
+        return config
+    _LOGGER.warning(
+        "BLE scan window of %s with wifi on the same radio starves wifi and "
+        "can cause wifi disconnects depending on the access point; keep the "
+        "window at or below %s (for example interval: 320ms, window: 300ms). "
+        "Long windows are only a problem with wifi, they are fine on ethernet",
+        window,
+        MAX_RECOMMENDED_WIFI_SCAN_WINDOW,
+    )
+    return config
+
+
 # 320 ms is the ESP-IDF reference scan interval; the shared schema also
 # tightens validation to the controller's 2.5 ms .. 10240 ms range and rejects
 # window/interval pairs that collapse to the same 0.625 ms unit count.
+# The window default is conditional (see _scan_window_default above).
 SCAN_PARAMETERS_SCHEMA = ble_device_base.scan_parameters_schema(
-    "320ms", supports_active=True
+    "320ms", window_default=_scan_window_default, connection_window=True
 )
 
 # Codegen helpers are owned by ble_device_base; kept under the historical names
@@ -188,6 +316,8 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
         }
     ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
     validate_max_connections_deprecated,
+    _raise_defaulted_scan_window,
+    _warn_long_scan_window_with_wifi,
 )
 
 
@@ -200,7 +330,7 @@ ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # Register the loggers this component needs
     esp32_ble.register_bt_logger(BTLoggers.BLE_SCAN)
 
@@ -208,6 +338,9 @@ async def to_code(config):
     # available on esp32 (sensors with irk: worked without opting in).
     ble_device_base.request_irk_support()
 
+    # Selects the BLEHub alias arm in ble_device_base/ble_hub_impl.h.
+    cg.add_define("USE_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER")
+
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
@@ -222,6 +355,25 @@ async def to_code(config):
     cg.add(var.set_scan_duration(params[CONF_DURATION]))
     cg.add(var.set_scan_interval(ble_device_base.to_ble_units(params[CONF_INTERVAL])))
     cg.add(var.set_scan_window(ble_device_base.to_ble_units(params[CONF_WINDOW])))
+    if (connection_window := params.get(CONF_CONNECTION_SCAN_WINDOW)) is not None:
+        # Emitted at FINAL so a scan-only build, where the guarded C++ path
+        # compiles out, skips the call entirely.
+        window_units = ble_device_base.to_ble_units(connection_window)
+
+        @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.FINAL)
+        async def _emit_connection_scan_window() -> None:
+            if cg.get_slot_count(CLIENT_COUNT_DEFINE):
+                cg.add(var.set_connection_scan_window(window_units))
+            elif not _get_data().connection_window_injected:
+                # Warn only for a user-set value; the injected default drops silently.
+                _LOGGER.warning(
+                    "'%s' has no effect because this build has no BLE client "
+                    "components (for example bluetooth_proxy with active "
+                    "connections, or ble_client)",
+                    CONF_CONNECTION_SCAN_WINDOW,
+                )
+
+        CORE.add_job(_emit_connection_scan_window)
     cg.add(var.set_scan_active(params[CONF_ACTIVE]))
     cg.add(var.set_scan_continuous(params[CONF_CONTINUOUS]))
 
@@ -295,7 +447,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
 # chance to call register_ble_tracker and register_client before the list is checked
 # and added to the global defines list.
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.FINAL)
-async def _add_ble_features():
+async def _add_ble_features() -> None:
     # Add feature-specific defines based on what's needed
     required_features = _get_required_features()
     # Sensors registered through the neutral ble_device_base path (BLEHub) need
@@ -324,8 +476,11 @@ ESP32_BLE_START_SCAN_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     synchronous=True,
 )
 async def esp32_ble_tracker_start_scan_action_to_code(
-    config, action_id, template_arg, args
-):
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_CONTINUOUS], args, cg.bool_)
@@ -349,8 +504,11 @@ ESP32_BLE_STOP_SCAN_ACTION_SCHEMA = automation.maybe_simple_id(
     synchronous=True,
 )
 async def esp32_ble_tracker_stop_scan_action_to_code(
-    config, action_id, template_arg, args
-):
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
@@ -374,20 +532,6 @@ async def register_client(var: cg.SafeExpType, config: ConfigType) -> cg.SafeExp
     return var
 
 
-async def register_raw_ble_device(
-    var: cg.SafeExpType, config: ConfigType
-) -> cg.SafeExpType:
-    """Register a BLE device listener that only needs raw advertisement data.
-
-    This does NOT register the ESP_BT_DEVICE feature, meaning ESPBTDevice
-    will not be compiled in if this is the only registration method used.
-    """
-    _request_listener_slot()
-    paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ESP32_BLE_ID])
-    cg.add(paren.register_listener(var))
-    return var
-
-
 async def register_raw_client(
     var: cg.SafeExpType, config: ConfigType
 ) -> cg.SafeExpType:
@@ -400,17 +544,3 @@ async def register_raw_client(
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ESP32_BLE_ID])
     cg.add(paren.register_client(var))
     return var
-
-
-async def register_scanner_state_listener(
-    var: cg.SafeExpType, config: ConfigType
-) -> cg.SafeExpType:
-    """Register a listener for scanner state changes.
-
-    The slot request here is what sizes the tracker's listener storage; a
-    build with no registrations compiles the storage out entirely.
-    """
-    _request_scanner_state_listener_slot()
-    paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ESP32_BLE_ID])
-    cg.add(paren.add_scanner_state_listener(var))
-    return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.cpp
index 8418fc3fec..5339565a32 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.cpp
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ void ESP32BLETracker::setup() {
 #ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
 void ESP32BLETracker::on_ota_global_state(ota::OTAState state, float progress, uint8_t error, ota::OTAComponent *comp) {
   if (state == ota::OTA_STARTED) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Stopping scan for OTA");
     this->scan_continuous_before_ota_ = this->scan_continuous_;
     this->stop_scan();
 #ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_CLIENT_COUNT
@@ -121,6 +122,9 @@ void ESP32BLETracker::loop() {
   // - start_scan_(): scanner_state_ becomes IDLE via set_scanner_state_() in cleanup_scan_state_()
   // - try_promote_discovered_clients_(): client enters DISCOVERED via set_state(), or
   //   connecting client finishes (state change), or scanner reaches RUNNING/IDLE
+  // - connection-window restart: scan_params_ is only written in start_scan_()
+  //   (which changes scanner state via set_scanner_state_()), and
+  //   counts.active/disconnecting only change on client state changes
   //
   // All conditions that affect the logic below are tied to state changes that increment
   // state_version_, so the fast path is safe.
@@ -143,6 +147,19 @@ void ESP32BLETracker::loop() {
       (this->scan_set_param_failed_ && this->scanner_state_ == ScannerState::RUNNING)) {
     this->handle_scanner_failure_();
   }
+
+#ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_CLIENT_COUNT
+  // The programmed window no longer matches the connection state (typically
+  // the last connection dropped): restart so the right window applies now
+  // instead of at the end of the scan period. Continuous only (a user-started
+  // scan would not restart); !disconnecting matches the restart gate below.
+  if (this->scanner_state_ == ScannerState::RUNNING && this->scan_continuous_ && !counts.disconnecting &&
+      this->scan_params_.scan_window != this->desired_scan_window_(counts.active)) {
+    // Same logical scan period continues: no on_scan_end sweeps for this
+    // restart. Only armed when the stop was issued.
+    this->skip_next_scan_end_ = this->stop_scan_();
+  }
+#endif
   /*
 
     Avoid starting the scanner if:
@@ -190,20 +207,27 @@ void ESP32BLETracker::loop() {
 void ESP32BLETracker::start_scan() { this->start_scan_(true); }
 
 void ESP32BLETracker::stop_scan() {
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Stopping scan.");
+  // V to match the start log: the mode-switch and OTA callers narrate their
+  // reason at D themselves, and the user-facing stop action is deliberate.
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Stopping scan.");
   this->scan_continuous_ = false;
+#ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_CLIENT_COUNT
+  // The window-change restart is abandoned with continuous scanning.
+  this->skip_next_scan_end_ = false;
+#endif
   this->stop_scan_();
 }
 
 void ESP32BLETracker::ble_before_disabled_event_handler() { this->stop_scan_(); }
 
-void ESP32BLETracker::stop_scan_() {
+bool ESP32BLETracker::stop_scan_() {
   if (this->scanner_state_ != ScannerState::RUNNING && this->scanner_state_ != ScannerState::FAILED) {
-    // If scanner is already idle, there's nothing to stop - this is not an error
-    if (this->scanner_state_ != ScannerState::IDLE) {
+    // IDLE means there is nothing to stop; STOPPING means a stop is already in
+    // flight and will finish on its own. Neither is an error.
+    if (this->scanner_state_ != ScannerState::IDLE && this->scanner_state_ != ScannerState::STOPPING) {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Cannot stop scan: %s", this->scanner_state_to_string_(this->scanner_state_));
     }
-    return;
+    return false;
   }
   // Reset timeout state machine when stopping scan
   this->scan_timeout_state_ = ScanTimeoutState::INACTIVE;
@@ -211,8 +235,9 @@ void ESP32BLETracker::stop_scan_() {
   esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gap_stop_scanning();
   if (err != ESP_OK) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "esp_ble_gap_stop_scanning failed: %d", err);
-    return;
+    return false;
   }
+  return true;
 }
 
 void ESP32BLETracker::start_scan_(bool first) {
@@ -226,16 +251,11 @@ void ESP32BLETracker::start_scan_(bool first) {
   }
   this->set_scanner_state_(ScannerState::STARTING);
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Starting scan, set scanner state to STARTING.");
-  if (!first) {
-#ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_LISTENER_COUNT
-    for (auto *listener : this->listeners_)
-      listener->on_scan_end();
+  if (!first)
+    this->notify_scan_end_();
+#ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_CLIENT_COUNT
+  this->skip_next_scan_end_ = false;
 #endif
-#ifdef ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT
-    for (auto *listener : this->neutral_listeners_)
-      listener->on_scan_end();
-#endif
-  }
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_DEVICE
   this->discovered_log_.clear();
 #endif
@@ -243,7 +263,17 @@ void ESP32BLETracker::start_scan_(bool first) {
   this->scan_params_.own_addr_type = BLE_ADDR_TYPE_PUBLIC;
   this->scan_params_.scan_filter_policy = BLE_SCAN_FILTER_ALLOW_ALL;
   this->scan_params_.scan_interval = this->scan_interval_;
-  this->scan_params_.scan_window = this->scan_window_;
+#ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_CLIENT_COUNT
+  // Count fresh: an automation can start a scan before loop() refreshes the counts.
+  const uint32_t window = this->desired_scan_window_(this->count_client_states_().active);
+  if (window != this->scan_window_) {
+    // Guarantee the connection airtime instead of scanning wall to wall.
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Connection active, using %" PRIu32 " unit scan window", window);
+  }
+#else
+  const uint32_t window = this->scan_window_;
+#endif
+  this->scan_params_.scan_window = window;
 
   // Start timeout monitoring in loop() instead of using scheduler
   // This prevents false reboots when the loop is blocked
@@ -271,7 +301,9 @@ void ESP32BLETracker::register_client(ESPBTClient *client) {
   // Safe because ESP32BLETracker (singleton) outlives all registered clients.
   client->set_tracker_state_version(&this->state_version_);
   this->clients_.push_back(client);
-  this->recalculate_advertisement_parser_types();
+  // Registration is add-only, so the flag is a monotonic OR.
+  if (client->wants_parsed_advertisements())
+    this->parse_advertisements_ = true;
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -283,48 +315,11 @@ void ESP32BLETracker::register_listener(ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener *li
 #endif
 }
 
-void ESP32BLETracker::get_adapter_mac(uint8_t out[6]) {
-  get_mac_address_raw(out);  // WiFi base MAC, MSB-first
-  // BT MAC = base MAC + 2 on the last octet only, wrapping without carry —
-  // exactly ESP-IDF's esp_read_mac(ESP_MAC_BT): mac[5] += MAC_ADDR_UNIVERSE_BT_OFFSET.
-  out[5] += 2;
-}
-
 void ESP32BLETracker::register_listener(ESPBTDeviceListener *listener) {
 #ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_LISTENER_COUNT
   listener->set_parent(this);
   this->listeners_.push_back(listener);
-  this->recalculate_advertisement_parser_types();
-#endif
-}
-
-void ESP32BLETracker::recalculate_advertisement_parser_types() {
-  this->raw_advertisements_ = false;
-  this->parse_advertisements_ = false;
-#ifdef ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT
-  // Neutral (BLEHub) listeners are parsed-advertisement consumers and are not in
-  // listeners_; without this, any later esp32-path registration (e.g. the proxy's
-  // GATT clients) would recompute the flags and silently drop parsed dispatch.
-  if (!this->neutral_listeners_.empty())
-    this->parse_advertisements_ = true;
-#endif
-#ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_LISTENER_COUNT
-  for (auto *listener : this->listeners_) {
-    if (listener->get_advertisement_parser_type() == AdvertisementParserType::PARSED_ADVERTISEMENTS) {
-      this->parse_advertisements_ = true;
-    } else {
-      this->raw_advertisements_ = true;
-    }
-  }
-#endif
-#ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_CLIENT_COUNT
-  for (auto *client : this->clients_) {
-    if (client->get_advertisement_parser_type() == AdvertisementParserType::PARSED_ADVERTISEMENTS) {
-      this->parse_advertisements_ = true;
-    } else {
-      this->raw_advertisements_ = true;
-    }
-  }
+  this->parse_advertisements_ = true;
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -422,9 +417,9 @@ void ESP32BLETracker::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_i
 void ESP32BLETracker::set_scanner_state_(ScannerState state) {
   this->scanner_state_ = state;
   this->state_version_++;
-#ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_SCANNER_STATE_LISTENER_COUNT
-  for (auto *listener : this->scanner_state_listeners_) {
-    listener->on_scanner_state(state);
+#ifdef USE_BLE_SCANNER_STATE_CALLBACK
+  if (this->scanner_state_callback_.is_set()) {
+    this->scanner_state_callback_.invoke(state);
   }
 #endif
 }
@@ -439,6 +434,11 @@ void ESP32BLETracker::dump_config() {
                 "  Continuous Scanning: %s",
                 this->scan_duration_, this->scan_interval_ * 0.625f, this->scan_window_ * 0.625f,
                 this->scan_active_ ? "ACTIVE" : "PASSIVE", YESNO(this->scan_continuous_));
+#ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_CLIENT_COUNT
+  if (this->connection_scan_window_ != 0) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Connection Scan Window: %.1f ms", this->connection_scan_window_ * 0.625f);
+  }
+#endif
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "  Scanner State: %s\n"
                 "  Connecting: %d, discovered: %d, disconnecting: %d, active: %d",
@@ -462,18 +462,15 @@ void ESP32BLETracker::print_bt_device_info(const ESPBTDevice &device) {
 #endif  // USE_ESP32_BLE_DEVICE
 
 void ESP32BLETracker::process_scan_result_(const BLEScanResult &scan_result) {
-  // Process raw advertisements
-  if (this->raw_advertisements_) {
-#ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_LISTENER_COUNT
-    for (auto *listener : this->listeners_) {
-      listener->parse_devices(&scan_result, 1);
-    }
-#endif
-#ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_CLIENT_COUNT
-    for (auto *client : this->clients_) {
-      client->parse_devices(&scan_result, 1);
-    }
-#endif
+  // Neutral raw-advertisement subscriber (the bluetooth_proxy path).
+  if (this->raw_advertisement_callback_.is_set()) {
+    ble_device_base::RawAdvertisement adv;
+    adv.address = esp32_ble::ble_addr_to_uint64(scan_result.bda);
+    adv.data = scan_result.ble_adv;
+    adv.data_len = static_cast<uint16_t>(scan_result.adv_data_len) + scan_result.scan_rsp_len;
+    adv.rssi = scan_result.rssi;
+    adv.addr_type = scan_result.ble_addr_type;
+    this->raw_advertisement_callback_.invoke(adv);
   }
 
   // Process parsed advertisements
@@ -521,6 +518,18 @@ void ESP32BLETracker::cleanup_scan_state_(bool is_stop_complete) {
   // Reset timeout state machine instead of cancelling scheduler timeout
   this->scan_timeout_state_ = ScanTimeoutState::INACTIVE;
 
+  this->notify_scan_end_();
+
+  this->set_scanner_state_(ScannerState::IDLE);
+}
+
+void ESP32BLETracker::notify_scan_end_() {
+#ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_CLIENT_COUNT
+  // Window-change restart continues the same scan period; the flag stays set
+  // across the stop and is cleared by the restart in start_scan_.
+  if (this->skip_next_scan_end_)
+    return;
+#endif
 #ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_LISTENER_COUNT
   for (auto *listener : this->listeners_)
     listener->on_scan_end();
@@ -529,8 +538,6 @@ void ESP32BLETracker::cleanup_scan_state_(bool is_stop_complete) {
   for (auto *listener : this->neutral_listeners_)
     listener->on_scan_end();
 #endif
-
-  this->set_scanner_state_(ScannerState::IDLE);
 }
 
 void ESP32BLETracker::handle_scanner_failure_() {
@@ -568,6 +575,8 @@ void ESP32BLETracker::try_promote_discovered_clients_() {
     }
 
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Promoting client to connect");
+    // A connect ends the scan period a window-change restart was continuing.
+    this->skip_next_scan_end_ = false;
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_SOFTWARE_COEXISTENCE
     this->update_coex_preference_(true);
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h
index 88642fff6b..618444e626 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h
@@ -35,11 +35,6 @@ using namespace esp32_ble;
 
 using adv_data_t = ble_device_base::adv_data_t;
 
-enum AdvertisementParserType {
-  PARSED_ADVERTISEMENTS,
-  RAW_ADVERTISEMENTS,
-};
-
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_UUID
 using ServiceData = ble_device_base::ServiceData;
 #endif
@@ -63,10 +58,6 @@ class ESPBTDeviceListener : public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
   // Raw-only build: no parsed-device support is compiled in.
   bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override { return false; }
 #endif
-  virtual bool parse_devices(const BLEScanResult *scan_results, size_t count) { return false; };
-  virtual AdvertisementParserType get_advertisement_parser_type() {
-    return AdvertisementParserType::PARSED_ADVERTISEMENTS;
-  };
   void set_parent(ESP32BLETracker *parent) { parent_ = parent; }
 
  protected:
@@ -95,28 +86,8 @@ using ClientState = ble_device_base::ClientState;
 using ConnectionType = ble_device_base::ConnectionType;
 using ble_device_base::client_state_to_string;
 
-enum class ScannerState {
-  // Scanner is idle, init state
-  IDLE,
-  // Scanner is starting
-  STARTING,
-  // Scanner is running
-  RUNNING,
-  // Scanner failed to start
-  FAILED,
-  // Scanner is stopping
-  STOPPING,
-};
-
-/** Listener interface for BLE scanner state changes.
- *
- * Components can implement this interface to receive scanner state updates
- * without the overhead of std::function callbacks.
- */
-class BLEScannerStateListener {
- public:
-  virtual void on_scanner_state(ScannerState state) = 0;
-};
+// Neutral scanner lifecycle re-exported for backward compatibility.
+using ScannerState = ble_device_base::ScannerState;
 
 /// Base class for BLE GATT clients that connect to remote devices.
 ///
@@ -133,6 +104,10 @@ class BLEScannerStateListener {
 /// The pointer may be null if the client is not registered with a tracker.
 class ESPBTClient : public ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
+  /// False keeps the tracker from building parsed ESPBTDevice objects on
+  /// this client's account (raw consumers use the hub callback).
+  virtual bool wants_parsed_advertisements() { return true; }
+
   virtual bool gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gattc_if,
                                    esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *param) = 0;
   virtual void gap_event_handler(esp_gap_ble_cb_event_t event, esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t *param) = 0;
@@ -186,7 +161,6 @@ class ESPBTClient : public ESPBTDeviceListener {
 };
 
 class ESP32BLETracker final : public Component,
-                              public ble_device_base::BLEHub,
 #ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
                               public ota::OTAGlobalStateListener,
 #endif
@@ -195,6 +169,9 @@ class ESP32BLETracker final : public Component,
   void set_scan_duration(uint32_t scan_duration) { scan_duration_ = scan_duration; }
   void set_scan_interval(uint32_t scan_interval) { scan_interval_ = scan_interval; }
   void set_scan_window(uint32_t scan_window) { scan_window_ = scan_window; }
+#ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_CLIENT_COUNT
+  void set_connection_scan_window(uint32_t scan_window) { connection_scan_window_ = scan_window; }
+#endif
   void set_scan_active(bool scan_active) { scan_active_ = scan_active; }
   bool get_scan_active() const { return scan_active_; }
   void set_scan_continuous(bool scan_continuous) { scan_continuous_ = scan_continuous; }
@@ -209,22 +186,29 @@ class ESP32BLETracker final : public Component,
   // esp32-flavored path (unmigrated esp32 sensors; sets the tracker back-pointer).
   void register_listener(ESPBTDeviceListener *listener);
   void register_client(ESPBTClient *client);
-  void recalculate_advertisement_parser_types();
 
   // ---- ble_device_base::BLEHub (the platform-neutral tracker contract) ----
-  void register_listener(ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener *listener) override;
-  void set_raw_advertisement_callback(ble_device_base::RawAdvertisementCallback callback) override {
+  void register_listener(ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener *listener);
+  void set_raw_advertisement_callback(ble_device_base::RawAdvertisementCallback callback) {
     this->raw_advertisement_callback_ = callback;
   }
-  ble_device_base::HubCapabilities get_capabilities() const override {
+#ifdef USE_BLE_SCANNER_STATE_CALLBACK
+  void set_scanner_state_callback(ble_device_base::ScannerStateCallback callback) {
+    this->scanner_state_callback_ = callback;
+  }
+#endif
+  static constexpr ble_device_base::HubCapabilities get_capabilities() {
     // scan_mode_switch is false: the mode is driven through this tracker's own
     // API (set_scan_active + restart), not the neutral request_scan_mode().
     return {/* active_scan = */ true, /* merges_scan_response = */ true, /* gatt = */ true,
             /* scan_mode_switch = */ false};
   }
-  void get_adapter_mac(uint8_t out[6]) override;
-  bool scan_running() override { return this->scanner_state_ == ScannerState::RUNNING; }
-  bool scan_active() override { return this->scan_active_; }
+  void get_adapter_mac(uint8_t out[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE]) { this->parent_->get_mac_msb_first(out); }
+  bool scan_running() { return this->scanner_state_ == ScannerState::RUNNING; }
+  bool scan_active() { return this->scan_active_; }
+  // The mode is driven through this tracker's own API (see get_capabilities);
+  // the neutral request refuses without changing any state.
+  bool request_scan_mode(bool active) { return false; }
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_DEVICE
   void print_bt_device_info(const ESPBTDevice &device);
@@ -242,19 +226,13 @@ class ESP32BLETracker final : public Component,
   void on_ota_global_state(ota::OTAState state, float progress, uint8_t error, ota::OTAComponent *comp) override;
 #endif
 
-#ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_SCANNER_STATE_LISTENER_COUNT
-  /// Add a listener for scanner state changes. Only compiled when a consumer
-  /// requested a slot in codegen: register through
-  /// esp32_ble_tracker.register_scanner_state_listener() in your component's
-  /// to_code, which requests the slot and emits this call.
-  void add_scanner_state_listener(BLEScannerStateListener *listener) {
-    this->scanner_state_listeners_.push_back(listener);
-  }
-#endif
   ScannerState get_scanner_state() const { return this->scanner_state_; }
 
  protected:
-  void stop_scan_();
+  /// Returns true when a stop was issued to the controller.
+  bool stop_scan_();
+  /// Fire on_scan_end on every listener unless a window-change restart suppressed it.
+  void notify_scan_end_();
   /// Start a single scan by setting up the parameters and doing some esp-idf calls.
   void start_scan_(bool first);
   /// Called when a `ESP_GAP_BLE_SCAN_RESULT_EVT` event is received.
@@ -316,10 +294,6 @@ class ESP32BLETracker final : public Component,
 #endif
 #ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_CLIENT_COUNT
   StaticVector<ESPBTClient *, ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_CLIENT_COUNT> clients_;
-#endif
-#ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_SCANNER_STATE_LISTENER_COUNT
-  StaticVector<BLEScannerStateListener *, ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_SCANNER_STATE_LISTENER_COUNT>
-      scanner_state_listeners_;
 #endif
   // Parsed listeners registered through the neutral BLEHub contract (migrated
   // sensors); dispatched alongside listeners_.
@@ -327,6 +301,9 @@ class ESP32BLETracker final : public Component,
   StaticVector<ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener *, ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT> neutral_listeners_;
 #endif
   ble_device_base::RawAdvertisementCallback raw_advertisement_callback_{};
+#ifdef USE_BLE_SCANNER_STATE_CALLBACK
+  ble_device_base::ScannerStateCallback scanner_state_callback_{};
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_DEVICE
   /// Per-period "Found device" DEBUG log with MAC dedup (shared ble_device_base impl)
   ble_device_base::DiscoveredDeviceLog discovered_log_;
@@ -342,6 +319,15 @@ class ESP32BLETracker final : public Component,
   uint32_t scan_duration_;
   uint32_t scan_interval_;
   uint32_t scan_window_;
+#ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_CLIENT_COUNT
+  /// Window used while a GATT connection is active; set by the user, or
+  /// defaulted when the window was raised to full duty (0 = no fallback).
+  uint32_t connection_scan_window_{0};
+  /// The window to scan at for the given number of active GATT connections.
+  uint32_t desired_scan_window_(uint8_t active) const {
+    return (this->connection_scan_window_ != 0 && active > 0) ? this->connection_scan_window_ : this->scan_window_;
+  }
+#endif
   esp_bt_status_t scan_start_failed_{ESP_BT_STATUS_SUCCESS};
   esp_bt_status_t scan_set_param_failed_{ESP_BT_STATUS_SUCCESS};
 
@@ -359,16 +345,20 @@ class ESP32BLETracker final : public Component,
   /// state_version_ to detect if any state changed since last iteration.
   uint8_t last_processed_version_{0};
   ScannerState scanner_state_{ScannerState::IDLE};
-  bool scan_continuous_;
-  bool scan_active_;
+  // Packed 1-bit flags.
+  bool scan_continuous_ : 1;
+  bool scan_active_ : 1;
 #ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
-  bool scan_continuous_before_ota_{false};
+  bool scan_continuous_before_ota_ : 1 {false};
+#endif
+  bool ble_was_disabled_ : 1 {true};
+  bool parse_advertisements_ : 1 {false};
+#ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_CLIENT_COUNT
+  /// Suppress the window-change restart's on_scan_end sweeps (stop and start).
+  bool skip_next_scan_end_ : 1 {false};
 #endif
-  bool ble_was_disabled_{true};
-  bool raw_advertisements_{false};
-  bool parse_advertisements_{false};
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_SOFTWARE_COEXISTENCE
-  bool coex_prefer_ble_{false};
+  bool coex_prefer_ble_ : 1 {false};
 #endif
   // Scan timeout state machine
   enum class ScanTimeoutState : uint8_t {
@@ -376,10 +366,10 @@ class ESP32BLETracker final : public Component,
     MONITORING,     // Actively monitoring for timeout
     EXCEEDED_WAIT,  // Timeout exceeded, waiting one loop before reboot
   };
+  ScanTimeoutState scan_timeout_state_{ScanTimeoutState::INACTIVE};
   uint32_t scan_start_time_{0};
   /// Precomputed timeout value: scan_duration_ * 2000
   uint32_t scan_timeout_ms_{0};
-  ScanTimeoutState scan_timeout_state_{ScanTimeoutState::INACTIVE};
 };
 
 // NOLINTNEXTLINE
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_camera/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32_camera/__init__.py
index c3b35a8279..3c41d22903 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_camera/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_camera/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import logging
+from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import automation, pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import setup_entity
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
@@ -179,7 +181,7 @@ CONF_ON_IMAGE = "on_image"
 camera_range_param = cv.int_range(min=-2, max=2)
 
 
-def validate_fb_location_(value):
+def validate_fb_location_(value: Any) -> MockObj:
     validator = cv.enum(ENUM_FB_LOCATION, upper=True)
     if value.lower() == psram_domain:
         validator = cv.All(validator, cv.requires_component(psram_domain))
@@ -310,7 +312,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate(config):
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # Check psram requirement for non-JPEG formats
     if (
         config.get(CONF_PIXEL_FORMAT, "JPEG") != "JPEG"
@@ -368,7 +370,7 @@ SETTERS = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_define("USE_CAMERA")
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await setup_entity(var, config, "camera")
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_camera_web_server/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32_camera_web_server/__init__.py
index da260ad7a1..d54d5c6937 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_camera_web_server/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_camera_web_server/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components.esp32 import include_builtin_idf_component
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_MODE, CONF_PORT
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
@@ -35,12 +36,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.Required(CONF_MODE): cv.enum(MODES, upper=True),
         },
     ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
+    cv.only_on_esp32,
     _consume_camera_web_server_sockets,
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     server = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(server.set_port(config[CONF_PORT]))
     cg.add(server.set_mode(config[CONF_MODE]))
     await cg.register_component(server, config)
+    # esp_http_server is excluded from IDF builds by default to save compile time
+    include_builtin_idf_component("esp_http_server")
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_camera_web_server/camera_web_server.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_camera_web_server/camera_web_server.cpp
index 88579e9632..bee231d132 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_camera_web_server/camera_web_server.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_camera_web_server/camera_web_server.cpp
@@ -210,8 +210,9 @@ esp_err_t CameraWebServer::streaming_handler_(struct httpd_req *req) {
     if (!image) {
       // A shutdown is not a lost frame: wait_for_image_() returns empty as soon
       // as running_ clears, and the loop condition below ends the stream anyway.
-      if (this->running_)
+      if (this->running_) {
         ESP_LOGW(TAG, "STREAM: failed to acquire frame");
+      }
       res = ESP_FAIL;
     }
     if (res == ESP_OK) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_can/canbus.py b/esphome/components/esp32_can/canbus.py
index 7245ba7513..2272459fb8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_can/canbus.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_can/canbus.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import math
+from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TX_PIN,
     CONF_TX_QUEUE_LEN,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@Sympatron"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32"]
@@ -88,7 +90,7 @@ CAN_SPEEDS = {
 }
 
 
-def validate_bit_rate(value):
+def validate_bit_rate(value: Any) -> str:
     variant = get_esp32_variant()
     if variant not in CAN_SPEEDS:
         raise cv.Invalid(f"{variant} is not supported by component {esp32_can_ns}")
@@ -112,7 +114,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = canbus.CANBUS_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-def get_default_tx_enqueue_timeout(bit_rate):
+def get_default_tx_enqueue_timeout(bit_rate: str) -> int:
     bit_rate_numeric = canbus.get_rate(bit_rate)
     bits_per_packet = 140  # ~max CAN message length
     ms_per_packet = bits_per_packet / bit_rate_numeric * 1000
@@ -121,7 +123,7 @@ def get_default_tx_enqueue_timeout(bit_rate):
     )  # ~10 packet lengths, min 1ms, max 1000ms
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # Legacy driver component provides driver/twai.h header
     include_builtin_idf_component("driver")
     # Also enable esp_driver_twai for future migration to new API
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_dac/output.py b/esphome/components/esp32_dac/output.py
index 7c63d7bd11..c87a9e2a1d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_dac/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_dac/output.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.components.esp32 import (
 )
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_NUMBER, CONF_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32"]
 
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ DAC_PINS = {
 }
 
 
-def valid_dac_pin(value):
+def valid_dac_pin(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     variant = get_esp32_variant()
     try:
         valid_pins = DAC_PINS[variant]
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     include_builtin_idf_component("esp_driver_dac")
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_hosted/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32_hosted/__init__.py
index b15ae53711..ab9455250c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_hosted/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_hosted/__init__.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ from pathlib import Path
 
 from esphome import pins
 from esphome.components import esp32
-from esphome.components.const import CONF_USE_PSRAM
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_SLOT, CONF_USE_PSRAM
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_CLK_PIN,
@@ -16,8 +16,10 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_VARIANT,
 )
 from esphome.cpp_generator import add_define
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@swoboda1337"]
+DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32"]
 # esp32_ble raises the task watchdog around the remote BT controller bring-up
 AUTO_LOAD = ["watchdog"]
 
@@ -33,7 +35,6 @@ CONF_DATA_READY_PIN = "data_ready_pin"
 CONF_HANDSHAKE_ACTIVE_HIGH = "handshake_active_high"
 CONF_HANDSHAKE_PIN = "handshake_pin"
 CONF_SDIO_FREQUENCY = "sdio_frequency"
-CONF_SLOT = "slot"
 CONF_SPI_MODE = "spi_mode"
 
 # Shared fields for both transport modes
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ SDIO_SCHEMA = BASE_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-def _validate_sdio(config):
+def _validate_sdio(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if config[CONF_BUS_WIDTH] == 4:
         for pin in (CONF_D1_PIN, CONF_D2_PIN, CONF_D3_PIN):
             if pin not in config:
@@ -97,7 +98,7 @@ SPI_SCHEMA = BASE_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-def _validate_spi(config):
+def _validate_spi(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     variant = config[CONF_VARIANT]
     defaults = _SPI_VARIANT_DEFAULTS.get(variant, _SPI_DEFAULT)
 
@@ -125,7 +126,22 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.typed_schema(
 )
 
 
-def _configure_sdio(config):
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    # The esp_hosted releases compatible with older ESP-IDF versions crash at
+    # boot with a heap double free in the SDIO RX path (fixed in esp_hosted
+    # 2.11.0, which requires ESP-IDF 5.3), so reject them at validation time.
+    if (idf_ver := esp32.idf_version()) < cv.Version(5, 3, 0):
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"esp32_hosted requires ESP-IDF 5.3 or newer, got {idf_ver}. "
+            "Remove the framework version from your configuration to use the "
+            "recommended version, or pin a version at or above 5.3."
+        )
+
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
+
+
+def _configure_sdio(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     slot = config[CONF_SLOT]
     esp32.add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
         f"CONFIG_ESP_HOSTED_SDIO_SLOT_{slot}",
@@ -167,7 +183,7 @@ def _configure_sdio(config):
     )
 
 
-def _configure_spi(config):
+def _configure_spi(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     esp32.add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_ESP_HOSTED_SPI_HOST_INTERFACE", True)
     # SPI mode is set via per-variant choice options
     variant = config[CONF_VARIANT]
@@ -215,7 +231,7 @@ def _configure_spi(config):
         esp32.add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_ESP_HOSTED_DR_ACTIVE_LOW", True)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     add_define("USE_ESP32_HOSTED")
     transport = config[CONF_TYPE]
     transport_prefix = "SDIO" if transport == "sdio" else "SPI"
@@ -252,18 +268,14 @@ async def to_code(config):
     if config[CONF_USE_PSRAM]:
         esp32.add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_ESP_HOSTED_MEMPOOL_PREFER_SPIRAM", True)
 
-    # Library versions
+    # Library versions; this component set requires ESP-IDF 5.3 or newer,
+    # which is enforced at validation time.
     idf_ver = esp32.idf_version()
     os.environ["ESP_IDF_VERSION"] = f"{idf_ver.major}.{idf_ver.minor}"
-    if idf_ver >= cv.Version(5, 5, 0):
-        esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/esp_wifi_remote", ref="1.6.3")
-        esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/wifi_remote_over_eppp", ref="0.3.3")
-        esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/eppp_link", ref="1.1.5")
-        esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/esp_hosted", ref="2.12.12")
-    else:
-        esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/esp_wifi_remote", ref="0.13.0")
-        esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/eppp_link", ref="0.2.0")
-        esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/esp_hosted", ref="2.0.11")
+    esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/esp_wifi_remote", ref="1.6.3")
+    esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/wifi_remote_over_eppp", ref="0.3.3")
+    esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/eppp_link", ref="1.1.5")
+    esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/esp_hosted", ref="2.12.12")
     esp32.add_extra_script(
         "post",
         "esp32_hosted.py",
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_hosted/update/esp32_hosted_update.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_hosted/update/esp32_hosted_update.cpp
index 351b0869b0..4eb5d1745b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_hosted/update/esp32_hosted_update.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_hosted/update/esp32_hosted_update.cpp
@@ -135,6 +135,10 @@ void Esp32HostedUpdate::setup() {
   // Publish state
   this->status_clear_error();
   this->publish_state();
+  // Defer so the automation runs on the main loop after setup, not during App.setup()
+  if (this->state_ == update::UPDATE_STATE_AVAILABLE && this->update_available_trigger_) {
+    this->defer([this]() { this->update_available_trigger_->trigger(this->update_info_); });
+  }
 #else
   // HTTP mode: check every 10s until network is ready (max 6 attempts)
   // Only if update interval is > 1 minute to avoid redundant checks
@@ -185,6 +189,8 @@ void Esp32HostedUpdate::check() {
     return;
   }
 
+  const bool was_available = this->state_ == update::UPDATE_STATE_AVAILABLE;
+
   // Compare versions
   if (this->update_info_.latest_version.empty() ||
       this->update_info_.latest_version == this->update_info_.current_version) {
@@ -197,6 +203,9 @@ void Esp32HostedUpdate::check() {
   this->update_info_.progress = 0.0f;
   this->status_clear_error();
   this->publish_state();
+  if (this->state_ == update::UPDATE_STATE_AVAILABLE && !was_available && this->update_available_trigger_) {
+    this->update_available_trigger_->trigger(this->update_info_);
+  }
 #endif
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_improv/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32_improv/__init__.py
index ad2f057163..32eb166014 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_improv/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_improv/__init__.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from esphome.components import binary_sensor, esp32_ble, improv_base, output
 from esphome.components.esp32_ble import BTLoggers
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_ON_START, CONF_ON_STATE, CONF_TRIGGER_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["esp32_ble_server", "improv_base"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
@@ -106,7 +107,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # Register the loggers this component needs
     esp32_ble.register_bt_logger(BTLoggers.GATT, BTLoggers.SMP)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_improv/esp32_improv_component.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_improv/esp32_improv_component.cpp
index 6e3a4ef526..4756fba637 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_improv/esp32_improv_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_improv/esp32_improv_component.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #include "esp32_improv_component.h"
 
+#include <array>
+
 #include "esphome/components/bytebuffer/bytebuffer.h"
 #include "esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.h"
 #include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_2902.h"
@@ -19,7 +21,13 @@ using namespace bytebuffer;
 
 static const char *const TAG = "esp32_improv.component";
 static constexpr size_t IMPROV_MAX_LOG_BYTES = 128;
-static const char *const ESPHOME_MY_LINK = "https://my.home-assistant.io/redirect/config_flow_start?domain=esphome";
+static constexpr char ESPHOME_MY_LINK[] = "https://my.home-assistant.io/redirect/config_flow_start?domain=esphome";
+// command + data length + trailing byte
+static constexpr size_t RPC_RESPONSE_OVERHEAD = 3;
+// Reserves the ESPHOME_MY_LINK entry; a maximal next URL displaces only the
+// lower value web server URL
+static constexpr size_t MAX_NEXT_URL_LEN =
+    improv::RPC_RESPONSE_MAX_SIZE - RPC_RESPONSE_OVERHEAD - 1 - sizeof(ESPHOME_MY_LINK);
 static constexpr uint16_t STOP_ADVERTISING_DELAY =
     10000;  // Delay (ms) before stopping service to allow BLE clients to read the final state
 static constexpr uint16_t NAME_ADVERTISING_INTERVAL = 60000;  // Advertise name every 60 seconds
@@ -285,8 +293,9 @@ void ESP32ImprovComponent::set_error_(improv::Error error) {
   }
 }
 
-void ESP32ImprovComponent::send_response_(std::vector<uint8_t> &&response) {
-  this->rpc_response_->set_value(std::move(response));
+void ESP32ImprovComponent::send_response_(std::span<const uint8_t> response) {
+  // The BLE characteristic owns its value, so one exact-size copy is required here
+  this->rpc_response_->set_value(std::vector<uint8_t>(response.begin(), response.end()));
   if (this->state_ != improv::STATE_STOPPED)
     this->rpc_response_->notify();
 }
@@ -430,40 +439,35 @@ void ESP32ImprovComponent::check_wifi_connection_() {
     this->connecting_sta_ = {};
     this->cancel_timeout("wifi-connect-timeout");
 
-    // Build URL list with minimal allocations
-    // Maximum 3 URLs: custom next_url + ESPHOME_MY_LINK + webserver URL
-    std::string url_strings[3];
-    size_t url_count = 0;
+    // Build the URL list directly into a stack buffer with no heap allocation
+    std::array<uint8_t, improv::RPC_RESPONSE_MAX_SIZE> buf;
+    improv::RpcResponseBuilder builder(buf, improv::WIFI_SETTINGS);
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_IMPROV_NEXT_URL
     // Add next_url if configured (should be first per Improv BLE spec)
-    {
-      char url_buffer[384];
-      size_t len = this->get_formatted_next_url_(url_buffer, sizeof(url_buffer));
-      if (len > 0) {
-        url_strings[url_count++] = std::string(url_buffer, len);
-      }
-    }
+    this->add_next_url_(builder, MAX_NEXT_URL_LEN);
 #endif
 
-    // Add default URLs for backward compatibility
-    url_strings[url_count++] = ESPHOME_MY_LINK;
+    // Add default URLs for backward compatibility; MAX_NEXT_URL_LEN reserves this
+    // entry's space, so it always fits
+    builder.add_string(ESPHOME_MY_LINK, sizeof(ESPHOME_MY_LINK) - 1);
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER
     for (auto &ip : wifi::global_wifi_component->wifi_sta_ip_addresses()) {
       if (ip.is_ip4()) {
-        // "http://" (7) + IPv4 max (15) + ":" (1) + port max (5) + null = 29
-        char url_buffer[32];
-        memcpy(url_buffer, "http://", 7);  // NOLINT(bugprone-not-null-terminated-result) - str_to null-terminates
-        ip.str_to(url_buffer + 7);
-        size_t len = strlen(url_buffer);
-        snprintf(url_buffer + len, sizeof(url_buffer) - len, ":%d", USE_WEBSERVER_PORT);
-        url_strings[url_count++] = url_buffer;
+        char ip_buf[network::IP_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE];
+        ip.str_to(ip_buf);
+        // "http://" (7) + IP (40) + ":" (1) + port (5) + null (1) = 54
+        char webserver_url[7 + network::IP_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE + 1 + 5 + 1];
+        size_t len =
+            buf_append_printf(webserver_url, sizeof(webserver_url), 0, "http://%s:%u", ip_buf, USE_WEBSERVER_PORT);
+        if (!builder.add_string(webserver_url, len)) {
+          ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Response full; URL dropped");
+        }
         break;
       }
     }
 #endif
-    this->send_response_(improv::build_rpc_response(improv::WIFI_SETTINGS,
-                                                    std::vector<std::string>(url_strings, url_strings + url_count)));
+    this->send_response_(builder.finish());
   } else if (this->is_active() && this->state_ != improv::STATE_PROVISIONED) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "WiFi provisioned externally");
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_improv/esp32_improv_component.h b/esphome/components/esp32_improv/esp32_improv_component.h
index d948dba3b3..414948c977 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_improv/esp32_improv_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_improv/esp32_improv_component.h
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include "esphome/components/output/binary_output.h"
 #endif
 
+#include <span>
 #include <vector>
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
@@ -109,7 +110,7 @@ class ESP32ImprovComponent final : public Component, public improv_base::ImprovB
   void set_state_(improv::State state, bool update_advertising = true);
   void set_error_(improv::Error error);
   improv::State get_initial_state_() const;
-  void send_response_(std::vector<uint8_t> &&response);
+  void send_response_(std::span<const uint8_t> response);
   void process_incoming_data_();
   void on_wifi_connect_timeout_();
   void check_wifi_connection_();
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_rmt/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32_rmt/__init__.py
index 1076bcabdc..a213a78778 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_rmt/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_rmt/__init__.py
@@ -1,17 +1,23 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome.components import esp32
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
 
 VARIANTS_NO_RMT = {esp32.VARIANT_ESP32C2, esp32.VARIANT_ESP32C61}
 
 
-def validate_rmt_not_supported(rmt_only_keys):
+def validate_rmt_not_supported(
+    rmt_only_keys: Iterable[str],
+) -> Callable[[ConfigType], ConfigType]:
     """Validate that RMT-only config keys are not used on variants without RMT hardware."""
     rmt_only_keys = set(rmt_only_keys)
 
-    def _validator(config):
+    def _validator(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
         if CORE.is_esp32:
             variant = esp32.get_esp32_variant()
             if variant in VARIANTS_NO_RMT:
@@ -26,8 +32,8 @@ def validate_rmt_not_supported(rmt_only_keys):
     return _validator
 
 
-def validate_clock_resolution():
-    def _validator(value):
+def validate_clock_resolution() -> Callable[[Any], int]:
+    def _validator(value: Any) -> int:
         cv.only_on_esp32(value)
         value = cv.int_(value)
         variant = esp32.get_esp32_variant()
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/led_strip.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/led_strip.cpp
index 95391ef100..7cac1dfb41 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/led_strip.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/led_strip.cpp
@@ -221,46 +221,12 @@ void ESP32RMTLEDStripLightOutput::write_state(light::LightState *state) {
 }
 
 light::ESPColorView ESP32RMTLEDStripLightOutput::get_view_internal(int32_t index) const {
-  int32_t r = 0, g = 0, b = 0;
-  switch (this->rgb_order_) {
-    case ORDER_RGB:
-      r = 0;
-      g = 1;
-      b = 2;
-      break;
-    case ORDER_RBG:
-      r = 0;
-      g = 2;
-      b = 1;
-      break;
-    case ORDER_GRB:
-      r = 1;
-      g = 0;
-      b = 2;
-      break;
-    case ORDER_GBR:
-      r = 2;
-      g = 0;
-      b = 1;
-      break;
-    case ORDER_BGR:
-      r = 2;
-      g = 1;
-      b = 0;
-      break;
-    case ORDER_BRG:
-      r = 1;
-      g = 2;
-      b = 0;
-      break;
-  }
-  uint8_t multiplier = this->is_rgbw_ || this->is_wrgb_ ? 4 : 3;
-  uint8_t white = this->is_wrgb_ ? 0 : this->white_index_;
-
-  return {this->buf_ + (index * multiplier) + r + (white <= r),
-          this->buf_ + (index * multiplier) + g + (white <= g),
-          this->buf_ + (index * multiplier) + b + (white <= b),
-          this->is_rgbw_ || this->is_wrgb_ ? this->buf_ + (index * multiplier) + white : nullptr,
+  const light::ChannelColors &colors = this->channel_colors_;
+  uint8_t *led = this->buf_ + (index * colors.bytes_per_led());
+  return {led + colors.r,
+          led + colors.g,
+          led + colors.b,
+          colors.has_white() ? led + colors.w : nullptr,
           &this->effect_data_[index],
           &this->correction_};
 }
@@ -271,46 +237,12 @@ void ESP32RMTLEDStripLightOutput::dump_config() {
                 "  Pin: %u",
                 this->pin_);
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  RMT Symbols: %" PRIu32, this->rmt_symbols_);
-  const char *rgb_order;
-  switch (this->rgb_order_) {
-    case ORDER_RGB:
-      rgb_order = "RGB";
-      break;
-    case ORDER_RBG:
-      rgb_order = "RBG";
-      break;
-    case ORDER_GRB:
-      rgb_order = "GRB";
-      break;
-    case ORDER_GBR:
-      rgb_order = "GBR";
-      break;
-    case ORDER_BGR:
-      rgb_order = "BGR";
-      break;
-    case ORDER_BRG:
-      rgb_order = "BRG";
-      break;
-    default:
-      rgb_order = "UNKNOWN";
-      break;
-  }
-  if (this->is_rgbw_ || this->is_wrgb_) {
-    char rgbw_order[5];
-    uint8_t white = this->is_wrgb_ ? 0 : this->white_index_;
-    uint8_t rgb_index = 0;
-    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-      rgbw_order[i] = i == white ? 'W' : rgb_order[rgb_index++];
-    }
-    rgbw_order[4] = '\0';
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  RGBW Order: %s", rgbw_order);
-  } else {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  RGB Order: %s", rgb_order);
-  }
+  char channel_colors[5];
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "  Channel colors: %s\n"
                 "  Max refresh rate: %" PRIu32 "\n"
                 "  Number of LEDs: %u",
-                this->max_refresh_rate_.value_or(0), this->num_leds_);
+                this->channel_colors_.to_string(channel_colors), this->max_refresh_rate_.value_or(0), this->num_leds_);
 }
 
 float ESP32RMTLEDStripLightOutput::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::HARDWARE; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/led_strip.h b/esphome/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/led_strip.h
index 3e31309bff..61aac06d76 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/led_strip.h
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/led_strip.h
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 
 #include "esphome/components/light/addressable_light.h"
+#include "esphome/components/light/channel_colors.h"
 #include "esphome/components/light/light_output.h"
 #include "esphome/core/color.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
@@ -15,15 +16,6 @@
 
 namespace esphome::esp32_rmt_led_strip {
 
-enum RGBOrder : uint8_t {
-  ORDER_RGB,
-  ORDER_RBG,
-  ORDER_GRB,
-  ORDER_GBR,
-  ORDER_BGR,
-  ORDER_BRG,
-};
-
 struct LedParams {
   rmt_symbol_word_t bit0;
   rmt_symbol_word_t bit1;
@@ -39,7 +31,7 @@ class ESP32RMTLEDStripLightOutput final : public light::AddressableLight {
   int32_t size() const override { return this->num_leds_; }
   light::LightTraits get_traits() override {
     auto traits = light::LightTraits();
-    if (this->is_rgbw_ || this->is_wrgb_) {
+    if (this->channel_colors_.has_white()) {
       traits.set_supported_color_modes({light::ColorMode::RGB_WHITE, light::ColorMode::WHITE});
     } else {
       traits.set_supported_color_modes({light::ColorMode::RGB});
@@ -50,13 +42,7 @@ class ESP32RMTLEDStripLightOutput final : public light::AddressableLight {
   void set_pin(uint8_t pin) { this->pin_ = pin; }
   void set_inverted(bool inverted) { this->invert_out_ = inverted; }
   void set_num_leds(uint16_t num_leds) { this->num_leds_ = num_leds; }
-  void set_is_rgbw(bool is_rgbw) { this->is_rgbw_ = is_rgbw; }
-  void set_is_wrgb(bool is_wrgb) { this->is_wrgb_ = is_wrgb; }
-  void set_rgbw_order(uint8_t white_index) {
-    this->is_rgbw_ = true;
-    this->is_wrgb_ = false;
-    this->white_index_ = white_index;
-  }
+  void set_channel_colors(light::ChannelColors channel_colors) { this->channel_colors_ = channel_colors; }
   void set_use_dma(bool use_dma) { this->use_dma_ = use_dma; }
   void set_use_psram(bool use_psram) { this->use_psram_ = use_psram; }
 
@@ -66,7 +52,6 @@ class ESP32RMTLEDStripLightOutput final : public light::AddressableLight {
   void set_led_params(uint32_t bit0_high, uint32_t bit0_low, uint32_t bit1_high, uint32_t bit1_low,
                       uint32_t reset_time_high, uint32_t reset_time_low);
 
-  void set_rgb_order(RGBOrder rgb_order) { this->rgb_order_ = rgb_order; }
   void set_rmt_symbols(uint32_t rmt_symbols) { this->rmt_symbols_ = rmt_symbols; }
 
   void clear_effect_data() override {
@@ -79,7 +64,7 @@ class ESP32RMTLEDStripLightOutput final : public light::AddressableLight {
  protected:
   light::ESPColorView get_view_internal(int32_t index) const override;
 
-  size_t get_buffer_size_() const { return this->num_leds_ * (this->is_rgbw_ || this->is_wrgb_ ? 4 : 3); }
+  size_t get_buffer_size_() const { return this->num_leds_ * this->channel_colors_.bytes_per_led(); }
 
   uint8_t *buf_{nullptr};
   uint8_t *effect_data_{nullptr};
@@ -94,15 +79,11 @@ class ESP32RMTLEDStripLightOutput final : public light::AddressableLight {
   uint32_t rmt_symbols_{48};
   uint8_t pin_;
   uint16_t num_leds_;
-  bool is_rgbw_{false};
-  bool is_wrgb_{false};
-  // An index after the RGB channels makes offset adjustment a no-op for three-channel strips.
-  uint8_t white_index_{3};
   bool use_dma_{false};
   bool use_psram_{false};
   bool invert_out_{false};
 
-  RGBOrder rgb_order_{ORDER_RGB};
+  light::ChannelColors channel_colors_{0, 1, 2, light::ChannelColors::NO_WHITE};
 
   uint32_t last_refresh_{0};
   optional<uint32_t> max_refresh_rate_{};
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/light.py b/esphome/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/light.py
index 2722a9b656..571b7d93b8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/light.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/light.py
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 from dataclasses import dataclass
-import logging
 
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import esp32, esp32_rmt, light
-from esphome.components.const import CONF_USE_PSRAM
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS, CONF_IS_WRGB, CONF_USE_PSRAM
 from esphome.components.esp32 import include_builtin_idf_component
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
@@ -22,8 +21,6 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32"]
 
@@ -32,17 +29,6 @@ ESP32RMTLEDStripLightOutput = esp32_rmt_led_strip_ns.class_(
     "ESP32RMTLEDStripLightOutput", light.AddressableLight
 )
 
-RGBOrder = esp32_rmt_led_strip_ns.enum("RGBOrder")
-
-RGB_ORDERS = {
-    "RGB": RGBOrder.ORDER_RGB,
-    "RBG": RGBOrder.ORDER_RBG,
-    "GRB": RGBOrder.ORDER_GRB,
-    "GBR": RGBOrder.ORDER_GBR,
-    "BGR": RGBOrder.ORDER_BGR,
-    "BRG": RGBOrder.ORDER_BRG,
-}
-
 
 @dataclass
 class LEDStripTimings:
@@ -62,8 +48,6 @@ CHIPSETS = {
     "SM16703": LEDStripTimings(300, 900, 900, 300, 0, 0),
 }
 
-CONF_IS_WRGB = "is_wrgb"
-CONF_RGBW_ORDER = "rgbw_order"
 CONF_BIT0_HIGH = "bit0_high"
 CONF_BIT0_LOW = "bit0_low"
 CONF_BIT1_HIGH = "bit1_high"
@@ -72,26 +56,6 @@ CONF_RESET_HIGH = "reset_high"
 CONF_RESET_LOW = "reset_low"
 
 
-def _validate_rgbw_order(value: str) -> str:
-    value = cv.string(value).upper()
-    if len(value) != 4 or set(value) != set("RGBW"):
-        raise cv.Invalid("RGBW order must be a permutation of RGBW")
-    return value
-
-
-def _split_rgbw_order(rgbw_order: str) -> tuple[str, int]:
-    return rgbw_order.replace("W", ""), rgbw_order.index("W")
-
-
-def _validate_rgbw_order_exclusivity(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
-    if CONF_RGBW_ORDER in config and (config[CONF_IS_RGBW] or config[CONF_IS_WRGB]):
-        raise cv.Invalid(
-            f"'{CONF_RGBW_ORDER}' cannot be used with '{CONF_IS_RGBW}' or "
-            f"'{CONF_IS_WRGB}'"
-        )
-    return config
-
-
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     esp32.only_on_variant(
         unsupported=list(esp32_rmt.VARIANTS_NO_RMT),
@@ -102,8 +66,11 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.GenerateID(CONF_OUTPUT_ID): cv.declare_id(ESP32RMTLEDStripLightOutput),
             cv.Required(CONF_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_schema,
             cv.Required(CONF_NUM_LEDS): cv.positive_not_null_int,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_RGB_ORDER): cv.enum(RGB_ORDERS, upper=True),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_RGBW_ORDER): _validate_rgbw_order,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS): light.validate_channel_colors,
+            # Deprecated in favour of CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS, remove in 2027.3.0
+            cv.Optional(CONF_RGB_ORDER): cv.one_of(*light.RGB_ORDERS, upper=True),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_IS_RGBW): cv.boolean,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_IS_WRGB): cv.boolean,
             cv.SplitDefault(
                 CONF_RMT_SYMBOLS,
                 esp32=192,
@@ -117,8 +84,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             ): cv.int_range(min=2),
             cv.Optional(CONF_MAX_REFRESH_RATE): cv.positive_time_period_microseconds,
             cv.Optional(CONF_CHIPSET): cv.one_of(*CHIPSETS, upper=True),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_IS_RGBW, default=False): cv.boolean,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_IS_WRGB, default=False): cv.boolean,
             cv.Optional(CONF_USE_DMA): cv.All(
                 esp32.only_on_variant(
                     supported=[esp32.VARIANT_ESP32P4, esp32.VARIANT_ESP32S3]
@@ -153,12 +118,13 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
         }
     ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
     cv.has_exactly_one_key(CONF_CHIPSET, CONF_BIT0_HIGH),
-    cv.has_exactly_one_key(CONF_RGB_ORDER, CONF_RGBW_ORDER),
-    _validate_rgbw_order_exclusivity,
+    light.migrate_channel_colors(
+        removed_in="2027.3.0", component="esp32_rmt_led_strip"
+    ),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # Re-enable ESP-IDF's RMT driver (excluded by default to save compile time)
     include_builtin_idf_component("esp_driver_rmt")
 
@@ -198,14 +164,9 @@ async def to_code(config):
             )
         )
 
-    if (rgbw_order := config.get(CONF_RGBW_ORDER)) is not None:
-        rgb_order, white_index = _split_rgbw_order(rgbw_order)
-        cg.add(var.set_rgb_order(RGB_ORDERS[rgb_order]))
-        cg.add(var.set_rgbw_order(white_index))
-    else:
-        cg.add(var.set_rgb_order(config[CONF_RGB_ORDER]))
-        cg.add(var.set_is_rgbw(config[CONF_IS_RGBW]))
-        cg.add(var.set_is_wrgb(config[CONF_IS_WRGB]))
+    cg.add(
+        var.set_channel_colors(light.channel_colors_struct(config[CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS]))
+    )
     cg.add(var.set_use_psram(config[CONF_USE_PSRAM]))
     cg.add(var.set_rmt_symbols(config[CONF_RMT_SYMBOLS]))
     if CONF_USE_DMA in config:
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_touch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32_touch/__init__.py
index 10ad339b12..ede6beb9b6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_touch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_touch/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable
 import logging
+from typing import Any
 
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import esp32
@@ -23,6 +25,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_VOLTAGE_ATTENUATION,
 )
 from esphome.core import TimePeriod
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -181,7 +184,7 @@ EFFECTIVE_HIGH_VOLTAGE = {
 }
 
 
-def validate_touch_pad(value):
+def validate_touch_pad(value: Any) -> int:
     value = gpio.gpio_pin_number_validator(value)
     variant = get_esp32_variant()
     pads = TOUCH_PADS.get(variant)
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ def validate_touch_pad(value):
     return pads[value]  # Return integer channel ID
 
 
-def validate_variant_vars(config):
+def validate_variant_vars(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     variant = get_esp32_variant()
     invalid_vars = set()
     if variant == VARIANT_ESP32:
@@ -219,8 +222,8 @@ def validate_variant_vars(config):
     return config
 
 
-def validate_voltage(values):
-    def validator(value):
+def validate_voltage(values: Iterable[str]) -> Callable[[Any], str]:
+    def validator(value: Any) -> str:
         if isinstance(value, float) and value.is_integer():
             value = int(value)
         value = cv.string(value)
@@ -300,7 +303,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # New unified touch sensor driver
     include_builtin_idf_component("esp_driver_touch_sens")
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_touch/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/esp32_touch/binary_sensor.py
index 75560d71b1..2489c2abc1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_touch/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_touch/binary_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_PIN, CONF_THRESHOLD
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import ESP32TouchComponent, esp32_touch_ns, validate_touch_pad
 
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(ESP32TouchBinarySensor).exten
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ESP32_TOUCH_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(
         config[CONF_ID],
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp8266/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp8266/__init__.py
index 1f7159919d..63665e7681 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp8266/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp8266/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from pathlib import Path
 import platform
 import re
 import subprocess
+from typing import Any
 
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
@@ -31,9 +32,10 @@ from esphome.core import (
 from esphome.core.config import BOARD_MAX_LENGTH
 from esphome.helpers import IS_MACOS, copy_file_if_changed
 from esphome.platformio.toolchain import copy_ccache_script
+from esphome.storage_json import StorageJSON
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-from .boards import BOARDS, ESP8266_LD_SCRIPTS
+from .boards import BOARDS, ESP8266_LD_SCRIPTS, board_ld_script
 from .const import (
     CONF_EARLY_PIN_INIT,
     CONF_ENABLE_SERIAL,
@@ -42,6 +44,7 @@ from .const import (
     KEY_BOARD,
     KEY_ESP8266,
     KEY_FLASH_SIZE,
+    KEY_LDSCRIPT,
     KEY_PIN_INITIAL_STATES,
     KEY_SERIAL1_REQUIRED,
     KEY_SERIAL_REQUIRED,
@@ -88,7 +91,7 @@ def lambdas_use_scanf_float(config: ConfigType) -> bool:
     return False
 
 
-def set_core_data(config):
+def set_core_data(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     CORE.data[KEY_ESP8266] = {}
     CORE.data[KEY_CORE][KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM] = PLATFORM_ESP8266
     CORE.data[KEY_CORE][KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK] = "arduino"
@@ -102,7 +105,7 @@ def set_core_data(config):
     return config
 
 
-def get_download_types(storage_json):
+def get_download_types(storage_json: StorageJSON) -> list[dict[str, str]]:
     """Binary-download entries for a built ESP8266 firmware.
 
     Used by device-builder (esphome/device-builder), via
@@ -113,6 +116,9 @@ def get_download_types(storage_json):
     the shape stable so the download panel
     doesn't have to special-case per-platform schemas.
     """
+    # No recorded firmware path means nothing was built; no downloads.
+    if storage_json.firmware_bin_path is None:
+        return []
     return [
         {
             "title": "Standard format",
@@ -131,7 +137,16 @@ def _format_framework_arduino_version(ver: cv.Version) -> str:
         return f"~1.{ver.major}{ver.minor:02d}{ver.patch:02d}.0"
     if ver <= cv.Version(2, 6, 2):
         return f"~2.{ver.major}{ver.minor:02d}{ver.patch:02d}.0"
-    return f"~3.{ver.major}{ver.minor:02d}{ver.patch:02d}.0"
+    # Same encoding the native toolchain uses for its package download, so a
+    # version bump cannot drift between the two paths.
+    from esphome.arduino8266.framework import framework_package_version
+
+    try:
+        return f"~{framework_package_version(ver)}"
+    except EsphomeError as err:
+        # Anchor the 4.x rejection to the framework version line instead of
+        # aborting with a bare traceback-level error
+        raise cv.Invalid(str(err), path=[CONF_VERSION]) from err
 
 
 # NOTE: Keep this in mind when updating the recommended version:
@@ -154,7 +169,7 @@ ARDUINO_3_PLATFORM_VERSION = cv.Version(3, 2, 0)
 ARDUINO_4_PLATFORM_VERSION = cv.Version(4, 2, 1)
 
 
-def _arduino_check_versions(value):
+def _arduino_check_versions(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     value = value.copy()
     lookups = {
         "dev": (cv.Version(3, 1, 2), "https://github.com/esp8266/Arduino.git"),
@@ -197,7 +212,7 @@ def _arduino_check_versions(value):
     return value
 
 
-def _parse_platform_version(value):
+def _parse_platform_version(value: Any) -> str:
     try:
         # if platform version is a valid version constraint, prefix the default package
         cv.platformio_version_constraint(value)
@@ -241,6 +256,9 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.Optional(CONF_ENABLE_SCANF_FLOAT): cv.boolean,
         }
     ),
+    # Until the native toolchain lands, PlatformIO is the only backend;
+    # reject a --toolchain this platform cannot serve yet.
+    cv.require_platformio_toolchain("ESP8266"),
     set_core_data,
 )
 
@@ -271,8 +289,33 @@ def check_rosetta() -> None:
         )
 
 
+def _choose_ld_script(board: str, ver: cv.Version) -> str | None:
+    """The flash ld to pin for this board and core, or None for cores
+    without ld-script support."""
+    board_data = BOARDS[board]
+    ld_scripts = ESP8266_LD_SCRIPTS[board_data[KEY_FLASH_SIZE]]
+    if ver <= cv.Version(2, 3, 0):
+        # No ld script support
+        return None
+    if ver <= cv.Version(2, 4, 2):
+        # Old ld script path; the modern per-board override names do not
+        # exist in this core's SDK, so the override cannot be honored.
+        # Substituting the size default would move _FS_end and the
+        # preferences sector, wiping flash-backed state on flash.
+        if KEY_LDSCRIPT in board_data:
+            raise EsphomeError(
+                f"Board {board} requires its {board_data[KEY_LDSCRIPT]} "
+                f"flash layout, which Arduino core {ver} cannot honor; "
+                "use a core newer than 2.4.2"
+            )
+        return ld_scripts[0]
+    # A per-board override preserves a layout the board shipped with
+    # (see d1_wroom_02 in boards.py)
+    return board_ld_script(board_data)
+
+
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.PLATFORM)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add(esp8266_ns.setup_preferences())
 
     cg.add_platformio_option("lib_ldf_mode", "off")
@@ -392,17 +435,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     )
 
     if config[CONF_BOARD] in BOARDS:
-        flash_size = BOARDS[config[CONF_BOARD]][KEY_FLASH_SIZE]
-        ld_scripts = ESP8266_LD_SCRIPTS[flash_size]
-
-        if ver <= cv.Version(2, 3, 0):
-            # No ld script support
-            ld_script = None
-        elif ver <= cv.Version(2, 4, 2):
-            # Old ld script path
-            ld_script = ld_scripts[0]
-        else:
-            ld_script = ld_scripts[1]
+        ld_script = _choose_ld_script(config[CONF_BOARD], ver)
 
         if ld_script is not None:
             cg.add_platformio_option("board_build.ldscript", ld_script)
@@ -501,7 +534,7 @@ ESP8266_EXCEPTION_CODES = {
 }
 
 
-def _decode_pc(config, addr):
+def _decode_pc(config: ConfigType, addr: str) -> None:
     from esphome.platformio import toolchain
 
     idedata = toolchain.get_idedata(config)
@@ -522,7 +555,7 @@ def _decode_pc(config, addr):
     _LOGGER.warning("Decoded %s", translation)
 
 
-def _parse_register(config, regex, line):
+def _parse_register(config: ConfigType, regex: re.Pattern[str], line: str) -> None:
     match = regex.match(line)
     if match is not None:
         _decode_pc(config, match.group(1))
@@ -546,7 +579,7 @@ STACKTRACE_BAD_ALLOC_RE = re.compile(
 STACKTRACE_ESP8266_BACKTRACE_PC_RE = re.compile(r"4[0-9a-f]{7}")
 
 
-def process_stacktrace(config, line, backtrace_state):
+def process_stacktrace(config: ConfigType, line: str, backtrace_state: bool) -> bool:
     line = line.strip()
     # ESP8266 Exception type
     match = re.match(STACKTRACE_ESP8266_EXCEPTION_TYPE_RE, line)
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp8266/boards.py b/esphome/components/esp8266/boards.py
index 02bfa9e662..268c6b50aa 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp8266/boards.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp8266/boards.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from .const import KEY_FLASH_SIZE, KEY_LDSCRIPT
+
 FLASH_SIZE_1_MB = 2**20
 FLASH_SIZE_512_KB = FLASH_SIZE_1_MB // 2
 FLASH_SIZE_2_MB = 2 * FLASH_SIZE_1_MB
@@ -164,7 +166,8 @@ ESP8266_BOARD_PINS = {
 }
 
 """
-BOARDS generate with:
+BOARDS generate with (preserve per-board KEY_LDSCRIPT overrides such as
+d1_wroom_02; the recipe emits only name/flash_size):
 
 git clone https://github.com/platformio/platform-espressif8266
 for x in platform-espressif8266/boards/*.json; do
@@ -182,6 +185,19 @@ for x in platform-espressif8266/boards/*.json; do
 done | sort
 """
 
+
+def board_ld_script(board_data: dict) -> str:
+    """The modern (core > 2.4.2) flash linker script for a board: its
+    shipped-layout override, else the size default (the no-FS layout).
+
+    Single source of truth for the PlatformIO pinning in __init__ and the
+    native generator's fallback, so the per-board rule cannot drift.
+    """
+    return board_data.get(
+        KEY_LDSCRIPT, ESP8266_LD_SCRIPTS[board_data[KEY_FLASH_SIZE]][1]
+    )
+
+
 BOARDS = {
     "agruminolemon": {
         "name": "Lifely Agrumino Lemon v4",
@@ -199,6 +215,15 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "WeMos D1 mini Pro",
         "flash_size": FLASH_SIZE_16_MB,
     },
+    "d1_wroom_02": {
+        "name": "WeMos D1 ESP-WROOM-02",
+        "flash_size": FLASH_SIZE_2_MB,
+        # This board joined BOARDS after shipping with the manifest default
+        # (64 KB filesystem region); the flash-size default (2m.ld) would
+        # move _FS_end and with it the preferences sector, wiping existing
+        # devices' flash-backed state on update.
+        KEY_LDSCRIPT: "eagle.flash.2m64.ld",
+    },
     "d1": {
         "name": "WEMOS D1 R1",
         "flash_size": FLASH_SIZE_4_MB,
@@ -360,3 +385,112 @@ BOARDS = {
         "flash_size": FLASH_SIZE_4_MB,
     },
 }
+
+
+# Per-board variant dir + identity defines from platform-espressif8266 4.x
+# build.extra_flags; the shared -DESP8266/-DARDUINO_ARCH_ESP8266 are added
+# by the generator.
+#
+# Regenerate ESP8266_BOARD_BUILD with (v4.2.1 is the platform version the
+# native toolchain mirrors; regenerate against the tag when bumping it):
+#
+# git clone -b v4.2.1 https://github.com/platformio/platform-espressif8266
+# python3 - <<'EOF'
+# import json, glob, os
+# for f in sorted(glob.glob("platform-espressif8266/boards/*.json")):
+#     b = json.load(open(f))["build"]
+#     extra = b["extra_flags"]
+#     extra = extra.split() if isinstance(extra, str) else extra
+#     defines = [
+#         e[2:] for e in extra if e not in ("-DESP8266", "-DARDUINO_ARCH_ESP8266")
+#     ]
+#     entries = ", ".join(f'"{d}"' for d in defines) + ("," if len(defines) == 1 else "")
+#     board = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(f))[0]
+#     print(f'    "{board}": {{"variant": "{b["variant"]}", "defines": ({entries})}},')
+# EOF
+ESP8266_BOARD_BUILD = {
+    "agruminolemon": {
+        "variant": "agruminolemonv4",
+        "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_AGRUMINO_LEMON_V4",),
+    },
+    "d1": {"variant": "d1", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_WEMOS_D1R1",)},
+    "d1_mini": {"variant": "d1_mini", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_WEMOS_D1MINI",)},
+    "d1_mini_lite": {
+        "variant": "d1_mini",
+        "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_WEMOS_D1MINILITE",),
+    },
+    "d1_mini_pro": {
+        "variant": "d1_mini",
+        "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_WEMOS_D1MINIPRO",),
+    },
+    "d1_wroom_02": {
+        "variant": "d1_mini",
+        "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_WEMOS_D1WROOM02",),
+    },
+    "eduinowifi": {
+        "variant": "eduinowifi",
+        "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_SCHIRMILABS_EDUINO_WIFI",),
+    },
+    "esp01": {"variant": "generic", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_ESP01",)},
+    "esp01_1m": {"variant": "generic", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_ESP01",)},
+    "esp07": {"variant": "generic", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_ESP07",)},
+    "esp07s": {"variant": "nodemcu", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_ESP07",)},
+    "esp12e": {"variant": "nodemcu", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_ESP12",)},
+    "esp210": {"variant": "generic", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_ESP210",)},
+    "esp8285": {"variant": "esp8285", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_ESP01",)},
+    "esp_wroom_02": {
+        "variant": "nodemcu",
+        "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_ESP_WROOM_02",),
+    },
+    "espduino": {"variant": "ESPDuino", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_ESP13",)},
+    "espectro": {"variant": "espectro", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_ESPECTRO_CORE",)},
+    "espino": {"variant": "espino", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_ESP12",)},
+    "espinotee": {"variant": "espinotee", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_ESP13",)},
+    "espmxdevkit": {
+        "variant": "esp8285",
+        "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_ESP01", "LED_BUILTIN=16"),
+    },
+    "espresso_lite_v1": {
+        "variant": "espresso_lite_v1",
+        "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_ESPRESSO_LITE_V1",),
+    },
+    "espresso_lite_v2": {
+        "variant": "espresso_lite_v2",
+        "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_ESPRESSO_LITE_V2",),
+    },
+    "gen4iod": {"variant": "generic", "defines": ("ARDUINO_GEN4_IOD",)},
+    "heltec_wifi_kit_8": {
+        "variant": "wifi_kit_8",
+        "defines": ("ARDUINO_wifi_kit_8",),
+    },
+    "huzzah": {"variant": "adafruit", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_ADAFRUIT_HUZZAH",)},
+    "inventone": {"variant": "inventone", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_INVENT_ONE",)},
+    "modwifi": {"variant": "generic", "defines": ("ARDUINO_MOD_WIFI_ESP8266",)},
+    "nodemcu": {"variant": "nodemcu", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_NODEMCU",)},
+    "nodemcuv2": {"variant": "nodemcu", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_NODEMCU_ESP12E",)},
+    "oak": {"variant": "oak", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_OAK",)},
+    "phoenix_v1": {
+        "variant": "phoenix_v1",
+        "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_PHOENIX_V1",),
+    },
+    "phoenix_v2": {
+        "variant": "phoenix_v2",
+        "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_PHOENIX_V2",),
+    },
+    "sonoff_basic": {"variant": "itead", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_SONOFF_BASIC",)},
+    "sonoff_s20": {"variant": "itead", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_SONOFF_S20",)},
+    "sonoff_sv": {"variant": "itead", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_SONOFF_SV",)},
+    "sonoff_th": {"variant": "itead", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_SONOFF_TH",)},
+    "sparkfunBlynk": {"variant": "thing", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_THING",)},
+    "thing": {"variant": "thing", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_THING",)},
+    "thingdev": {"variant": "thing", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_THING_DEV",)},
+    "wifi_slot": {"variant": "wifi_slot", "defines": ("ARDUINO_AMPERKA_WIFI_SLOT",)},
+    "wifiduino": {"variant": "wifiduino", "defines": ("ARDUINO_WIFIDUINO_ESP8266",)},
+    "wifinfo": {"variant": "wifinfo", "defines": ("ARDUINO_WIFINFO",)},
+    "wio_link": {"variant": "wiolink", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_WIO_LINK",)},
+    "wio_node": {"variant": "nodemcu", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_ESP_WROOM_02",)},
+    "xinabox_cw01": {
+        "variant": "xinabox",
+        "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_XINABOX_CW01",),
+    },
+}
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp8266/build_surgery.py b/esphome/components/esp8266/build_surgery.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eb6ed1b91b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/esp8266/build_surgery.py
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+"""Linker-script surgery shared with the native (PlatformIO-free) toolchain.
+
+These mirror the PlatformIO extra scripts in this directory
+(``relocate_ratetable.py.script`` and ``testing_mode.py.script``), which run
+inside SCons and must stay self-contained. The native build generator applies
+the same patches to the linker scripts it generates, so the logic lives here
+as plain functions. Keep both in sync when changing either.
+``segment_length`` is native-toolchain-only and has no script twin.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Collection
+import hashlib
+import re
+
+# Move the NONOS SDK wifi rate tables from flash to DRAM; see
+# relocate_ratetable.py.script for the full background (NONOS SDK issue 320).
+RATETABLE_RULE = "*libnet80211.a:ieee80211_phy.o(.irom.text .irom.text.*)"
+_RATETABLE_COMMENT = (
+    "/* ESPHome: wifi rate tables must live in DRAM, see NONOS SDK issue 320 */"
+)
+# Match the whole line: "_data_start" is also a substring of the
+# "_dport0_data_start" line in the earlier .dport0.data section
+_RATETABLE_ANCHOR = re.compile(r"^\s*_data_start = ABSOLUTE\(\.\);", re.MULTILINE)
+
+# Memory sizes for testing mode (allow larger builds for CI component grouping)
+TESTING_IRAM_SIZE = "0x200000"  # 2MB
+TESTING_DRAM_SIZE = "0x200000"  # 2MB
+TESTING_FLASH_SIZE = "0x2000000"  # 32MB
+
+
+def relocate_ratetable(content: str) -> str:
+    """Insert the rate-table DRAM rule into a generated common linker script."""
+    if RATETABLE_RULE in content:
+        return content
+    match = _RATETABLE_ANCHOR.search(content)
+    if match is None:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "'_data_start' anchor not found in the generated linker script; "
+            "cannot apply wifi rate table DRAM relocation "
+            "(has the Arduino core linker script changed?)"
+        )
+    insert_pos = match.end()
+    return (
+        content[:insert_pos]
+        + f"\n    {_RATETABLE_COMMENT}"
+        + f"\n    {RATETABLE_RULE}"
+        + content[insert_pos:]
+    )
+
+
+_TESTING_SEGMENT_SIZES = {
+    "iram1_0_seg": TESTING_IRAM_SIZE,
+    "dram0_0_seg": TESTING_DRAM_SIZE,
+    "irom0_0_seg": TESTING_FLASH_SIZE,
+}
+
+
+def _segment_line_re(segment_name: str) -> re.Pattern[str]:
+    """The MEMORY line for one segment: ``<seg> : org = 0x..., len = 0x...``.
+
+    Anchored to the start of the line so a name never matches inside a
+    longer one (``ram0_0_seg`` must not read ``dram0_0_seg``). The size
+    group stops at the hex digits, leaving any ``ul`` suffix (from the
+    preprocessed ``MMU_IRAM_SIZE``) in place.
+    """
+    return re.compile(
+        rf"(^[ \t]*{re.escape(segment_name)}"
+        r"\s*:\s*org\s*=\s*0x[0-9a-fA-F]+\s*,\s*len\s*=\s*)"
+        r"(0x[0-9a-fA-F]+)",
+        re.MULTILINE,
+    )
+
+
+def apply_testing_memory_patches(content: str, segments: Collection[str]) -> str:
+    """Enlarge the named memory segments so grouped CI test builds can link.
+
+    Each caller passes the segments its linker script defines: the
+    generated common ld carries ``iram1_0_seg``; the flash ld carries
+    ``dram0_0_seg`` and ``irom0_0_seg``. A segment that fails to match
+    raises, since a silently kept real memory limit would fail grouped
+    builds far from the cause.
+    """
+    for segment in _TESTING_SEGMENT_SIZES:
+        if segment not in segments and _segment_line_re(segment).search(content):
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"Testing-mode segment {segment} is present in the linker "
+                "script but was not selected for patching"
+            )
+    for segment in segments:
+        if segment not in _TESTING_SEGMENT_SIZES:
+            raise RuntimeError(f"Unknown testing-mode segment {segment!r}")
+        content, count = _segment_line_re(segment).subn(
+            rf"\g<1>{_TESTING_SEGMENT_SIZES[segment]}", content
+        )
+        if count == 0:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"Testing-mode memory patch failed: segment {segment} "
+                "not found (has the Arduino core linker script changed?)"
+            )
+    return content
+
+
+def segment_length(content: str, segment_name: str) -> int | None:
+    """Read a memory segment's length from linker script content.
+
+    Returns None for an absent segment OR an unparsable line; callers must
+    treat None as "no usable budget" and warn (as the Flash summary does),
+    never as "no limit".
+    """
+    match = _segment_line_re(segment_name).search(content)
+    return int(match.group(2), 16) if match else None
+
+
+def surgery_fingerprint() -> str:
+    """Hash of this module's source; linker-script caches include it so an
+    edit here invalidates them."""
+    import inspect
+    import sys
+
+    source = inspect.getsource(sys.modules[__name__])
+    return hashlib.sha256(source.encode()).hexdigest()
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp8266/const.py b/esphome/components/esp8266/const.py
index 3e89ab989f..50f103ed2d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp8266/const.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp8266/const.py
@@ -15,6 +15,11 @@ CONF_ENABLE_SERIAL1 = "enable_serial1"
 KEY_WAVEFORM_REQUIRED = "waveform_required"
 KEY_SERIAL_REQUIRED = "serial_required"
 KEY_SERIAL1_REQUIRED = "serial1_required"
+# Set for the native (non-PlatformIO) toolchain's build generator
+KEY_FLASH_MODE = "flash_mode"
+KEY_SCANF_FLOAT = "scanf_float"
+# Per-board flash-layout override consumed by board_ld_script()
+KEY_LDSCRIPT = "ldscript"
 
 # esp8266 namespace is already defined by arduino, manually prefix esphome
 esp8266_ns = cg.global_ns.namespace("esphome").namespace("esp8266")
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp8266/crash_handler.cpp b/esphome/components/esp8266/crash_handler.cpp
index 91b0cf9082..dc79043f21 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp8266/crash_handler.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp8266/crash_handler.cpp
@@ -118,8 +118,6 @@ static const LogString *get_exception_cause(uint32_t cause) {
 }
 
 static const LogString *get_reset_reason(uint32_t reason) {
-  if (reason == REASON_WDT_RST)
-    return LOG_STR("Hardware WDT");
   if (reason == REASON_EXCEPTION_RST)
     return LOG_STR("Exception");
   if (reason == REASON_SOFT_WDT_RST)
@@ -162,13 +160,20 @@ void crash_handler_log() {
   if (!is_crash_reason(resetInfo.reason))
     return;
 
+  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "*** CRASH DETECTED ON PREVIOUS BOOT ***");
+  if (resetInfo.reason == REASON_WDT_RST) {
+    // A hardware WDT reset happens entirely in hardware: the postmortem hook
+    // never runs, so rst_info epc1/exccause and the RTC backtrace are
+    // leftovers from an earlier crash. Don't misattribute them (#18596).
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "  Reason: Hardware WDT (no crash state is recorded for hardware WDT resets)");
+    return;
+  }
+
   // Read and filter backtrace from RTC into stack-local buffer (no persistent RAM cost).
   // Both resetInfo and RTC data survive until the next reset, so this can be
   // called multiple times (logger init + API subscribe) with the same result.
   uint32_t backtrace[MAX_BACKTRACE];
   uint8_t bt_count = read_rtc_backtrace(backtrace, MAX_BACKTRACE);
-
-  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "*** CRASH DETECTED ON PREVIOUS BOOT ***");
   // GCC's ROM divide routine triggers IllegalInstruction (exccause=0) at specific
   // ROM addresses instead of IntegerDivideByZero (exccause=6). Patch to match
   // the Arduino core's postmortem handler behavior.
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp8266/gpio.py b/esphome/components/esp8266/gpio.py
index 64be4a6495..356af6e006 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp8266/gpio.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp8266/gpio.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 import logging
+from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -18,6 +19,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     PLATFORM_ESP8266,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import boards
 from .const import KEY_BOARD, KEY_ESP8266, KEY_PIN_INITIAL_STATES, esp8266_ns
@@ -27,7 +30,7 @@ _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 ESP8266GPIOPin = esp8266_ns.class_("ESP8266GPIOPin", cg.InternalGPIOPin)
 
 
-def _lookup_pin(value):
+def _lookup_pin(value: str) -> int:
     board = CORE.data[KEY_ESP8266][KEY_BOARD]
     board_pins = boards.ESP8266_BOARD_PINS.get(board, {})
 
@@ -42,7 +45,7 @@ def _lookup_pin(value):
     raise cv.Invalid(f"Cannot resolve pin name '{value}' for board {board}.")
 
 
-def _translate_pin(value):
+def _translate_pin(value: Any) -> int:
     if isinstance(value, dict) or value is None:
         raise cv.Invalid(
             "This variable only supports pin numbers, not full pin schemas "
@@ -69,7 +72,7 @@ _ESP_SDIO_PINS = {
 }
 
 
-def validate_gpio_pin(value):
+def validate_gpio_pin(value: Any) -> int:
     value = _translate_pin(value)
     if value < 0 or value > 17:
         raise cv.Invalid(f"ESP8266: Invalid pin number: {value}")
@@ -86,7 +89,7 @@ def validate_gpio_pin(value):
     return value
 
 
-def validate_supports(value):
+def validate_supports(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     num = value[CONF_NUMBER]
     mode = value[CONF_MODE]
     is_input = mode[CONF_INPUT]
@@ -160,7 +163,7 @@ class PinInitialState:
 
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(PLATFORM_ESP8266, ESP8266_PIN_SCHEMA)
-async def esp8266_pin_to_code(config):
+async def esp8266_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     num = config[CONF_NUMBER]
     mode = config[CONF_MODE]
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ async def esp8266_pin_to_code(config):
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.WORKAROUNDS)
-async def add_pin_initial_states_array():
+async def add_pin_initial_states_array() -> None:
     # Add includes at the very end, so that they override everything
     initial_states: list[PinInitialState] = CORE.data[KEY_ESP8266][
         KEY_PIN_INITIAL_STATES
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp8266_pwm/output.py b/esphome/components/esp8266_pwm/output.py
index f119a6ba9f..dd151a3e04 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp8266_pwm/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp8266_pwm/output.py
@@ -4,11 +4,14 @@ from esphome.components import output
 from esphome.components.esp8266.const import require_waveform
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_FREQUENCY, CONF_ID, CONF_NUMBER, CONF_PIN
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["esp8266"]
 
 
-def valid_pwm_pin(value):
+def valid_pwm_pin(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     num = value[CONF_NUMBER]
     cv.one_of(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16)(num)
     return value
@@ -35,7 +38,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config) -> None:
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     require_waveform()
 
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -59,7 +62,12 @@ async def to_code(config) -> None:
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def esp8266_set_frequency_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def esp8266_set_frequency_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_FREQUENCY], args, cg.float_)
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp_ldo/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp_ldo/__init__.py
index a489651b59..46810d422d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp_ldo/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp_ldo/__init__.py
@@ -1,9 +1,14 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome.automation import Action, register_action
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components.esp32 import VARIANT_ESP32P4, only_on_variant
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_ID, CONF_VOLTAGE
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
 from esphome.final_validate import full_config
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@clydebarrow"]
 
@@ -22,7 +27,7 @@ CONF_PASSTHROUGH = "passthrough"
 adjusted_ids = set()
 
 
-def validate_ldo_voltage(value):
+def validate_ldo_voltage(value: Any) -> str | float:
     if isinstance(value, str) and value.lower() == CONF_PASSTHROUGH:
         return CONF_PASSTHROUGH
     value = cv.voltage(value)
@@ -33,7 +38,7 @@ def validate_ldo_voltage(value):
     )
 
 
-def validate_ldo_config(config):
+def validate_ldo_config(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     channel = config[CONF_CHANNEL]
     allow_internal = config[CONF_ALLOW_INTERNAL_CHANNEL]
     if allow_internal and channel not in CHANNELS_INTERNAL:
@@ -77,7 +82,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(configs):
+async def to_code(configs: list[ConfigType]) -> None:
     for config in configs:
         var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], config[CONF_CHANNEL])
         await cg.register_component(var, config)
@@ -89,7 +94,7 @@ async def to_code(configs):
         cg.add(var.set_adjustable(config[CONF_ADJUSTABLE]))
 
 
-def final_validate(configs):
+def final_validate(configs: list[ConfigType]) -> None:
     for channel in CHANNELS:
         used = [config for config in configs if config[CONF_CHANNEL] == channel]
         if len(used) > 1:
@@ -112,7 +117,7 @@ def final_validate(configs):
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = final_validate
 
 
-def adjusted_ldo_id(value):
+def adjusted_ldo_id(value: Any) -> ID:
     value = cv.use_id(EspLdo)(value)
     adjusted_ids.add(value)
     return value
@@ -131,7 +136,12 @@ def adjusted_ldo_id(value):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def ldo_voltage_adjust_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def ldo_voltage_adjust_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, parent)
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_VOLTAGE], args, cg.float_)
diff --git a/esphome/components/esphome/ota/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esphome/ota/__init__.py
index d5f4efbc02..1fec9e5c9b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esphome/ota/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esphome/ota/__init__.py
@@ -1,12 +1,20 @@
 import logging
 
 import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components.noise import (
+    decode_encryption_key,
+    encryption_schema,
+    is_reserved_key,
+)
 from esphome.components.ota import BASE_OTA_SCHEMA, OTAComponent, ota_to_code
 from esphome.config_helpers import merge_config
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_API,
+    CONF_ENCRYPTION,
     CONF_ESPHOME,
     CONF_ID,
+    CONF_KEY,
     CONF_NUM_ATTEMPTS,
     CONF_OTA,
     CONF_PASSWORD,
@@ -15,6 +23,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_REBOOT_TIMEOUT,
     CONF_SAFE_MODE,
     CONF_VERSION,
+    CONF_WEB_SERVER,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.coroutine import CoroPriority
@@ -22,6 +31,7 @@ import esphome.final_validate as fv
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_ALLOW_PARTITION_ACCESS = "allow_partition_access"
+CONF_CAPTIVE_PORTAL = "captive_portal"
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -30,14 +40,22 @@ CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["network"]
 
 
-AUTO_LOAD = ["sha256", "socket"]
+def AUTO_LOAD(config: ConfigType) -> list[str]:
+    """Auto-load noise only when encryption is configured."""
+    base = ["sha256", "socket"]
+    # A falsy config is a tooling probe for the maximal set (None from
+    # dependency resolution, {} from the components-graph platform probe);
+    # a validated config always carries defaults, never empty
+    if not config or CONF_ENCRYPTION in config:
+        return base + ["noise"]
+    return base
 
 
 esphome = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("esphome")
 ESPHomeOTAComponent = esphome.class_("ESPHomeOTAComponent", OTAComponent)
 
 
-def ota_esphome_final_validate(config):
+def ota_esphome_final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     full_conf = fv.full_config.get()
     full_ota_conf = full_conf[CONF_OTA]
     new_ota_conf = []
@@ -67,11 +85,24 @@ def ota_esphome_final_validate(config):
                     CONF_PASSWORD in merged_ota_esphome_configs_by_port[conf_port]
                     and CONF_PASSWORD in ota_conf
                     and merged_ota_esphome_configs_by_port[conf_port][CONF_PASSWORD]
-                    != ota_conf.get(CONF_PASSWORD)
+                    != ota_conf[CONF_PASSWORD]
                 ):
                     raise cv.Invalid(
                         f"Found multiple configurations but {CONF_PASSWORD} is inconsistent"
                     )
+                # Encryption blocks conflict only when both pin a key; a bare
+                # `encryption:` (a package/device split) is compatible with a
+                # keyed one, and merge_config yields the keyed result
+                merged_key = (
+                    merged_ota_esphome_configs_by_port[conf_port]
+                    .get(CONF_ENCRYPTION, {})
+                    .get(CONF_KEY)
+                )
+                other_key = ota_conf.get(CONF_ENCRYPTION, {}).get(CONF_KEY)
+                if merged_key and other_key and merged_key != other_key:
+                    raise cv.Invalid(
+                        f"Found multiple configurations but {CONF_ENCRYPTION} is inconsistent"
+                    )
 
                 ports_with_merged_configs.append(conf_port)
                 merged_ota_esphome_configs_by_port[conf_port] = merge_config(
@@ -94,6 +125,20 @@ def ota_esphome_final_validate(config):
 
     new_ota_conf.extend(merged_ota_esphome_configs_by_port.values())
 
+    api_conf = full_conf.get(CONF_API) or {}
+    for ota_conf in merged_ota_esphome_configs_by_port.values():
+        # Merging same-port blocks can combine a password from one block with
+        # encryption from another; re-check the exclusion on the merged result.
+        _validate_no_password_with_encryption(ota_conf)
+        if (encryption_conf := ota_conf.get(CONF_ENCRYPTION)) is not None:
+            _resolve_encryption_key(encryption_conf, api_conf)
+    if any(
+        conf.get(CONF_PLATFORM) == CONF_WEB_SERVER for conf in full_ota_conf
+    ) and any(
+        CONF_ENCRYPTION in conf for conf in merged_ota_esphome_configs_by_port.values()
+    ):
+        _warn_web_server_ota(full_conf)
+
     full_conf[CONF_OTA] = new_ota_conf
     fv.full_config.set(full_conf)
 
@@ -107,6 +152,73 @@ def ota_esphome_final_validate(config):
         )
 
 
+def _warn_web_server_ota(full_conf: ConfigType) -> None:
+    """The web_server ota platform accepts the same image over plaintext HTTP
+    with basic auth, bypassing the encryption; warn rather than fail so the
+    operator keeps the recovery path."""
+    if CONF_CAPTIVE_PORTAL in full_conf and CONF_WEB_SERVER not in full_conf:
+        # The captive_portal auto-load: the endpoint only exists while the
+        # fallback AP is active
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "OTA encryption does not cover the %s OTA platform (auto-loaded "
+            "by captive_portal); the plaintext /update endpoint stays "
+            "reachable while the fallback AP is active",
+            CONF_WEB_SERVER,
+        )
+    else:
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "OTA encryption does not cover the %s OTA platform; its "
+            "plaintext /update endpoint accepts the same image",
+            CONF_WEB_SERVER,
+        )
+
+
+def _resolve_encryption_key(encryption_conf: ConfigType, api_conf: ConfigType) -> None:
+    """Resolve the one encryption key per device into the ota block.
+
+    An explicit ota key must match the api key, a bare block inherits it,
+    a runtime provisioned api key cannot be inherited, and the all-zeros
+    provisioning sentinel is rejected (the device treats it as no key).
+    """
+    api_key = api_conf.get(CONF_ENCRYPTION, {}).get(CONF_KEY)
+    if ota_key := encryption_conf.get(CONF_KEY):
+        if api_key and ota_key != api_key:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"'{CONF_OTA}' {CONF_ENCRYPTION} {CONF_KEY} must match the "
+                f"'{CONF_API}' {CONF_ENCRYPTION} {CONF_KEY}; omit the "
+                f"'{CONF_OTA}' {CONF_KEY} to use the '{CONF_API}' one"
+            )
+    elif not api_key:
+        if CONF_ENCRYPTION in api_conf:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"the '{CONF_API}' {CONF_ENCRYPTION} {CONF_KEY} is provisioned at "
+                f"runtime and cannot be inherited at build time; set an explicit "
+                f"'{CONF_OTA}' {CONF_ENCRYPTION} {CONF_KEY}"
+            )
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"'{CONF_OTA}' {CONF_ENCRYPTION} has no {CONF_KEY} and there is no "
+            f"'{CONF_API}' {CONF_ENCRYPTION} {CONF_KEY} to inherit; set one of them"
+        )
+    else:
+        encryption_conf[CONF_KEY] = api_key
+    if is_reserved_key(encryption_conf[CONF_KEY]):
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"The all-zeros {CONF_KEY} is reserved and provides no protection; "
+            f"generate a real key with: openssl rand -base64 32"
+        )
+
+
+# Also called on merged same-port configs in final validate, where schemas
+# do not run
+def _validate_no_password_with_encryption(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    if CONF_PASSWORD in config and CONF_ENCRYPTION in config:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"'{CONF_PASSWORD}' cannot be combined with '{CONF_ENCRYPTION}'; the "
+            f"encryption key already authenticates the uploader, remove '{CONF_PASSWORD}'"
+        )
+    return config
+
+
 def _consume_ota_sockets(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     """Register socket needs for OTA component."""
     from esphome.components import socket
@@ -134,6 +246,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             ): cv.port,
             cv.Optional(CONF_ALLOW_PARTITION_ACCESS, default=False): cv.boolean,
             cv.Optional(CONF_PASSWORD): cv.sensitive(),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ENCRYPTION): encryption_schema,
             cv.Optional(CONF_NUM_ATTEMPTS): cv.invalid(
                 f"'{CONF_SAFE_MODE}' (and its related configuration variables) has moved from 'ota' to its own component. See https://esphome.io/components/safe_mode"
             ),
@@ -147,12 +260,24 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     )
     .extend(BASE_OTA_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
+    _validate_no_password_with_encryption,
     _consume_ota_sockets,
 )
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = ota_esphome_final_validate
 
 
+def FILTER_SOURCE_FILES() -> list[str]:
+    """Filter out the noise transport when no ota entry configures encryption."""
+    for ota_conf in CORE.config.get(CONF_OTA, []):
+        if (
+            ota_conf.get(CONF_PLATFORM) == CONF_ESPHOME
+            and ota_conf.get(CONF_ENCRYPTION) is not None
+        ):
+            return []
+    return ["ota_esphome_noise.cpp"]
+
+
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.OTA_UPDATES)
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -171,6 +296,12 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if config.get(CONF_ALLOW_PARTITION_ACCESS):
         cg.add_define("USE_OTA_PARTITIONS")
 
+    if (encryption_conf := config.get(CONF_ENCRYPTION)) is not None:
+        # A missing key was resolved from the api component in final validate.
+        key = encryption_conf[CONF_KEY]
+        cg.add_define("USE_OTA_ENCRYPTION")
+        cg.add(var.set_noise_psk(list(decode_encryption_key(key))))
+
     # Build flag so lwip_fast_select.c (a .c file that can't include defines.h) sees it.
     cg.add_build_flag("-DUSE_OTA_PLATFORM_ESPHOME")
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.cpp b/esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.cpp
index cab725f704..396a47bc52 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.cpp
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ namespace esphome {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "esphome.ota";
 static constexpr uint16_t OTA_BLOCK_SIZE = 8192;
-static constexpr size_t OTA_BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;                  // buffer size for OTA data transfer
 static constexpr uint32_t OTA_SOCKET_TIMEOUT_HANDSHAKE = 20000;  // milliseconds for initial handshake
 static constexpr uint32_t OTA_SOCKET_TIMEOUT_DATA = 90000;       // milliseconds for data transfer
 
@@ -105,6 +104,11 @@ void ESPHomeOTAComponent::dump_config() {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Password configured");
   }
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_OTA_ENCRYPTION
+  if (this->noise_ctx_.has_psk()) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Encryption configured");
+  }
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_OTA_PARTITIONS
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "  Partition access allowed\n"
@@ -128,7 +132,8 @@ void ESPHomeOTAComponent::dump_config() {
   esp_partition_iterator_release(it);
   esp_bootloader_desc_t bootloader_desc;
   esp_err_t err = esp_ota_get_bootloader_description(nullptr, &bootloader_desc);
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Bootloader: ESP-IDF %s", (err == ESP_OK) ? bootloader_desc.idf_ver : "version unknown");
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Bootloader: ESP-IDF %s",
+                (err == ESP_OK) ? bootloader_desc.idf_ver : LOG_STR_LITERAL("version unknown"));
 #endif  // USE_ESP32
 #endif  // USE_OTA_PARTITIONS
 }
@@ -148,8 +153,10 @@ void ESPHomeOTAComponent::loop() {
 static constexpr uint8_t CLIENT_FEATURE_SUPPORTS_COMPRESSION = 0x01;
 static constexpr uint8_t CLIENT_FEATURE_SUPPORTS_SHA256_AUTH = 0x02;
 static constexpr uint8_t CLIENT_FEATURE_SUPPORTS_EXTENDED_PROTOCOL = 0x04;
+static constexpr uint8_t CLIENT_FEATURE_SUPPORTS_NOISE = 0x08;
 static constexpr uint8_t SERVER_FEATURE_SUPPORTS_COMPRESSION = 0x01;
 static constexpr uint8_t SERVER_FEATURE_SUPPORTS_PARTITION_ACCESS = 0x02;
+static constexpr uint8_t SERVER_FEATURE_SUPPORTS_NOISE = 0x04;
 
 void ESPHomeOTAComponent::handle_handshake_() {
   /// Handle the OTA handshake and authentication.
@@ -201,8 +208,7 @@ void ESPHomeOTAComponent::handle_handshake_() {
       }
 
       // Validate magic bytes
-      static const uint8_t MAGIC_BYTES[5] = {0x6C, 0x26, 0xF7, 0x5C, 0x45};
-      if (memcmp(this->handshake_buf_, MAGIC_BYTES, 5) != 0) {
+      if (memcmp(this->handshake_buf_, MAGIC_BYTES, sizeof(MAGIC_BYTES)) != 0) {
         ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Magic bytes mismatch! 0x%02X-0x%02X-0x%02X-0x%02X-0x%02X", this->handshake_buf_[0],
                  this->handshake_buf_[1], this->handshake_buf_[2], this->handshake_buf_[3], this->handshake_buf_[4]);
         this->send_error_and_cleanup_(ota::OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_MAGIC);
@@ -234,6 +240,19 @@ void ESPHomeOTAComponent::handle_handshake_() {
       }
       this->ota_features_ = this->handshake_buf_[0];
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Features: 0x%02X", this->ota_features_);
+
+#ifdef USE_OTA_ENCRYPTION
+      // Fail closed: with a PSK configured the client must negotiate encryption
+      // (which requires the extended protocol); refuse plaintext uploads.
+      static constexpr uint8_t NOISE_REQUIRED_FEATURES =
+          CLIENT_FEATURE_SUPPORTS_NOISE | CLIENT_FEATURE_SUPPORTS_EXTENDED_PROTOCOL;
+      if (this->noise_ctx_.has_psk() && (this->ota_features_ & NOISE_REQUIRED_FEATURES) != NOISE_REQUIRED_FEATURES) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Client does not support encryption");
+        this->send_error_and_cleanup_(ota::OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_ENCRYPTION_REQUIRED);
+        return;
+      }
+#endif
+
       this->transition_ota_state_(OTAState::FEATURE_ACK);
 
       const bool supports_compression =
@@ -249,6 +268,11 @@ void ESPHomeOTAComponent::handle_handshake_() {
         this->handshake_buf_[1] = (supports_compression ? SERVER_FEATURE_SUPPORTS_COMPRESSION : 0);
 #ifdef USE_OTA_PARTITIONS
         this->handshake_buf_[1] |= SERVER_FEATURE_SUPPORTS_PARTITION_ACCESS;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_OTA_ENCRYPTION
+        if (this->noise_ctx_.has_psk()) {
+          this->handshake_buf_[1] |= SERVER_FEATURE_SUPPORTS_NOISE;
+        }
 #endif
       } else {
         this->handshake_buf_[0] =
@@ -264,6 +288,20 @@ void ESPHomeOTAComponent::handle_handshake_() {
       if (!this->try_write_(ack_size, LOG_STR("ack feature"))) {
         return;
       }
+#ifdef USE_OTA_ENCRYPTION
+      // With a PSK configured the rest of the session runs inside the noise
+      // transport; the client sends the first handshake frame next, so there
+      // is nothing to do until data arrives.
+      if (this->noise_ctx_.has_psk()) {
+        // handshake_buf_ still holds the feature ack composed above; a
+        // would-block re-entry lands here without rebuilding it
+        if (!this->noise_start_session_(this->handshake_buf_[1])) {
+          return;
+        }
+        this->transition_ota_state_(OTAState::NOISE_HANDSHAKE);
+        return;
+      }
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_OTA_PASSWORD
       // If password is set, move to auth phase
       if (!this->password_.empty()) {
@@ -301,6 +339,16 @@ void ESPHomeOTAComponent::handle_handshake_() {
       this->handle_data_();
       return;
 
+#ifdef USE_OTA_ENCRYPTION
+    case OTAState::NOISE_HANDSHAKE:
+      if (!this->handle_noise_handshake_()) {
+        return;
+      }
+      this->transition_ota_state_(OTAState::DATA);
+      this->handle_data_();
+      return;
+#endif
+
     default:
       break;
   }
@@ -339,6 +387,8 @@ void ESPHomeOTAComponent::handle_data_() {
   ///   Raw TCP (8266, RP2040):  setblocking is no-op; SO_RCVTIMEO uses
   ///                            wakeable_delay() in read();
   ///                            write() always returns immediately
+  // Backend calls overwrite this with OK; reset to UNKNOWN before any
+  // goto error that follows a successful begin()/write()
   ota::OTAResponseTypes error_code = ota::OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_UNKNOWN;
   size_t total = 0;
   uint32_t last_progress = 0;
@@ -360,11 +410,11 @@ void ESPHomeOTAComponent::handle_data_() {
   this->client_->setblocking(true);
 
   // Acknowledge auth OK - 1 byte
-  this->write_byte_(ota::OTA_RESPONSE_AUTH_OK);
+  this->data_write_byte_(ota::OTA_RESPONSE_AUTH_OK);
 
   if (this->extended_proto_) {
     // Read ota type, 1 byte
-    if (!this->readall_(buf, 1)) {
+    if (!this->data_readall_(buf, 1)) {
       this->log_read_error_(LOG_STR("OTA type"));
       goto error;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-goto)
     }
@@ -373,7 +423,7 @@ void ESPHomeOTAComponent::handle_data_() {
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "OTA type is 0x%02x", ota_type);
 
   // Read size, 4 bytes MSB first
-  if (!this->readall_(buf, 4)) {
+  if (!this->data_readall_(buf, 4)) {
     this->log_read_error_(LOG_STR("size"));
     goto error;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-goto)
   }
@@ -398,17 +448,18 @@ void ESPHomeOTAComponent::handle_data_() {
   this->notify_state_(ota::OTA_STARTED, 0.0f, 0);
 #endif
 
-  // begin() may block for a few seconds while it locks flash.
+  // begin() returns quickly; flash sectors are erased incrementally during write().
   error_code = this->backend_->begin(ota_size, ota_type);
   if (error_code != ota::OTA_RESPONSE_OK)
     goto error;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-goto)
 
   // Acknowledge prepare OK - 1 byte
-  this->write_byte_(ota::OTA_RESPONSE_UPDATE_PREPARE_OK);
+  this->data_write_byte_(ota::OTA_RESPONSE_UPDATE_PREPARE_OK);
 
   // Read binary MD5, 32 bytes
-  if (!this->readall_(buf, 32)) {
+  if (!this->data_readall_(buf, 32)) {
     this->log_read_error_(LOG_STR("MD5 checksum"));
+    error_code = ota::OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_UNKNOWN;
     goto error;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-goto)
   }
   sbuf[32] = '\0';
@@ -416,7 +467,7 @@ void ESPHomeOTAComponent::handle_data_() {
   this->backend_->set_update_md5(sbuf);
 
   // Acknowledge MD5 OK - 1 byte
-  this->write_byte_(ota::OTA_RESPONSE_BIN_MD5_OK);
+  this->data_write_byte_(ota::OTA_RESPONSE_BIN_MD5_OK);
 
   // Track when we last received data so a silently-vanished peer (no FIN/RST
   // delivered, e.g. uploader killed mid-transfer or NAT/router dropped state)
@@ -432,19 +483,35 @@ void ESPHomeOTAComponent::handle_data_() {
     }
     size_t remaining = ota_size - total;
     size_t requested = remaining < OTA_BUFFER_SIZE ? remaining : OTA_BUFFER_SIZE;
-    ssize_t read = this->client_->read(buf, requested);
-    if (read == -1) {
-      const int err = errno;
-      if (this->would_block_(err)) {
-        // read() already waited up to SO_RCVTIMEO for data, just feed WDT
-        App.feed_wdt();
-        continue;
+    ssize_t read;
+#ifdef USE_OTA_ENCRYPTION
+    if (this->noise_ != nullptr) {
+      // One frame per call; noise_read_data_ waits internally (readall_), so
+      // there is no would-block retry here and failures are already logged.
+      read = this->noise_read_data_(buf, requested);
+      if (read <= 0) {
+        error_code = ota::OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_UNKNOWN;
+        goto error;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-goto)
+      }
+    } else
+#endif
+    {
+      read = this->client_->read(buf, requested);
+      if (read == -1) {
+        const int err = errno;
+        if (this->would_block_(err)) {
+          // read() already waited up to SO_RCVTIMEO for data, just feed WDT
+          App.feed_wdt();
+          continue;
+        }
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Read err %d", err);
+        error_code = ota::OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_UNKNOWN;
+        goto error;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-goto)
+      } else if (read == 0) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Remote closed");
+        error_code = ota::OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_UNKNOWN;
+        goto error;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-goto)
       }
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Read err %d", err);
-      goto error;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-goto)
-    } else if (read == 0) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Remote closed");
-      goto error;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-goto)
     }
 
     last_data_ms = millis();
@@ -456,7 +523,7 @@ void ESPHomeOTAComponent::handle_data_() {
     total += read;
 #if USE_OTA_VERSION == 2
     while (size_acknowledged + OTA_BLOCK_SIZE <= total || (total == ota_size && size_acknowledged < ota_size)) {
-      this->write_byte_(ota::OTA_RESPONSE_CHUNK_OK);
+      this->data_write_byte_(ota::OTA_RESPONSE_CHUNK_OK);
       size_acknowledged += OTA_BLOCK_SIZE;
     }
 #endif
@@ -475,7 +542,7 @@ void ESPHomeOTAComponent::handle_data_() {
   }
 
   // Acknowledge receive OK - 1 byte
-  this->write_byte_(ota::OTA_RESPONSE_RECEIVE_OK);
+  this->data_write_byte_(ota::OTA_RESPONSE_RECEIVE_OK);
 
   error_code = this->backend_->end();
   if (error_code != ota::OTA_RESPONSE_OK) {
@@ -484,10 +551,10 @@ void ESPHomeOTAComponent::handle_data_() {
   }
 
   // Acknowledge Update end OK - 1 byte
-  this->write_byte_(ota::OTA_RESPONSE_UPDATE_END_OK);
+  this->data_write_byte_(ota::OTA_RESPONSE_UPDATE_END_OK);
 
   // Read ACK
-  if (!this->readall_(buf, 1) || buf[0] != ota::OTA_RESPONSE_OK) {
+  if (!this->data_readall_(buf, 1) || buf[0] != ota::OTA_RESPONSE_OK) {
     this->log_read_error_(LOG_STR("ack"));
     // do not go to error, this is not fatal
   }
@@ -510,7 +577,7 @@ void ESPHomeOTAComponent::handle_data_() {
   App.safe_reboot();
 
 error:
-  this->write_byte_(static_cast<uint8_t>(error_code));
+  this->data_write_byte_(static_cast<uint8_t>(error_code));
 
   // Abort backend before cleanup - cleanup_connection_() destroys the backend.
   // Always call abort() unconditionally: backends register external partitions before
@@ -588,8 +655,6 @@ bool ESPHomeOTAComponent::writeall_(const uint8_t *buf, size_t len) {
 }
 
 float ESPHomeOTAComponent::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::AFTER_WIFI; }
-uint16_t ESPHomeOTAComponent::get_port() const { return this->port_; }
-void ESPHomeOTAComponent::set_port(uint16_t port) { this->port_ = port; }
 
 void ESPHomeOTAComponent::log_socket_error_(const LogString *msg) {
   ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Socket %s: errno %d", LOG_STR_ARG(msg), errno);
@@ -679,6 +744,9 @@ void ESPHomeOTAComponent::cleanup_connection_() {
   this->backend_ = nullptr;
 #ifdef USE_OTA_PASSWORD
   this->cleanup_auth_();
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_OTA_ENCRYPTION
+  this->noise_ = nullptr;
 #endif
   // Intentionally no disable_loop() — letting loop() run one more iteration catches
   // any connection that queued on the listener mid-session (otherwise the wake flag,
diff --git a/esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.h b/esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.h
index 0053ca6969..fd164b8138 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.h
+++ b/esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.h
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@
 #ifdef USE_OTA
 #include "esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_factory.h"
 #include "esphome/components/socket/socket.h"
+#ifdef USE_OTA_ENCRYPTION
+#include "esphome/components/noise/noise_handshake.h"
+#endif
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/preferences.h"
@@ -24,7 +27,10 @@ class ESPHomeOTAComponent final : public ota::OTAComponent {
     AUTH_SEND,  // Sending authentication request
     AUTH_READ,  // Reading authentication data
 #endif          // USE_OTA_PASSWORD
-    DATA,       // BLOCKING! Processing OTA data (update, etc.)
+#ifdef USE_OTA_ENCRYPTION
+    NOISE_HANDSHAKE,  // Exchanging Noise handshake frames
+#endif
+    DATA,  // BLOCKING! Processing OTA data (update, etc.)
   };
 #ifdef USE_OTA_PASSWORD
   void set_auth_password(const std::string &password) { password_ = password; }
@@ -38,15 +44,19 @@ class ESPHomeOTAComponent final : public ota::OTAComponent {
   }
 #endif  // USE_OTA_PASSWORD
 
+#ifdef USE_OTA_ENCRYPTION
+  void set_noise_psk(noise::psk_t psk) { this->noise_ctx_.set_psk(psk); }
+#endif
+
   /// Manually set the port OTA should listen on
-  void set_port(uint16_t port);
+  void set_port(uint16_t port) { this->port_ = port; }
 
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
   float get_setup_priority() const override;
   void loop() override;
 
-  uint16_t get_port() const;
+  uint16_t get_port() const { return this->port_; }
 
  protected:
   void handle_handshake_();
@@ -63,6 +73,48 @@ class ESPHomeOTAComponent final : public ota::OTAComponent {
   bool writeall_(const uint8_t *buf, size_t len);
   inline bool write_byte_(uint8_t byte) { return this->writeall_(&byte, 1); }
 
+#ifdef USE_OTA_ENCRYPTION
+  // Heap-allocated only while an encrypted OTA session is active.
+  struct NoiseSession {
+    ~NoiseSession();
+    noise::NoiseResponderHandshake handshake;
+    NoiseCipherState *send_cipher{nullptr};
+    NoiseCipherState *recv_cipher{nullptr};
+    uint16_t frame_len{0};  // total frame size once the header is parsed, 0 until then
+    uint16_t frame_pos{0};  // bytes read or written so far
+    bool writing{false};    // a produced handshake frame is still being flushed
+    uint8_t frame_buf[noise::FRAME_HEADER_SIZE + 1 + noise::MAX_HANDSHAKE_SIZE];
+  };
+  bool noise_start_session_(uint8_t server_feature_flags);
+  bool handle_noise_handshake_();
+  bool noise_try_read_frame_();
+  bool noise_try_write_frame_();
+  void noise_send_reject_(const LogString *reason);
+  ssize_t noise_decrypt_(uint8_t *buf, size_t len);
+  ssize_t noise_read_frame_blocking_(uint8_t *buf, size_t min_ciphertext, size_t max_ciphertext);
+  bool noise_readall_(uint8_t *buf, size_t len);
+  ssize_t noise_read_data_(uint8_t *buf, size_t capacity);
+  bool noise_write_byte_(uint8_t byte);
+#endif  // USE_OTA_ENCRYPTION
+
+  // Data-phase I/O dispatch: through the noise transport when a session is
+  // active, straight to the socket otherwise.
+  inline bool data_write_byte_(uint8_t byte) {
+#ifdef USE_OTA_ENCRYPTION
+    if (this->noise_ != nullptr)
+      return this->noise_write_byte_(byte);
+#endif
+    return this->write_byte_(byte);
+  }
+  // When encrypted, buf must have room for len + noise::MAC_SIZE bytes.
+  inline bool data_readall_(uint8_t *buf, size_t len) {
+#ifdef USE_OTA_ENCRYPTION
+    if (this->noise_ != nullptr)
+      return this->noise_readall_(buf, len);
+#endif
+    return this->readall_(buf, len);
+  }
+
   bool try_read_(size_t to_read, const LogString *desc);
   bool try_write_(size_t to_write, const LogString *desc);
 
@@ -91,6 +143,10 @@ class ESPHomeOTAComponent final : public ota::OTAComponent {
   std::string password_;
   std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> auth_buf_;
 #endif  // USE_OTA_PASSWORD
+#ifdef USE_OTA_ENCRYPTION
+  noise::NoiseContext noise_ctx_;
+  std::unique_ptr<NoiseSession> noise_;
+#endif  // USE_OTA_ENCRYPTION
 
   socket::ListenSocket *server_{nullptr};
   std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> client_;
@@ -98,6 +154,18 @@ class ESPHomeOTAComponent final : public ota::OTAComponent {
 
   uint32_t client_connect_time_{0};
   static constexpr size_t HANDSHAKE_BUF_SIZE = 5;
+  // Buffer size for OTA data transfer. The upload client derives its maximum
+  // encrypted frame plaintext from this (espota2.NOISE_MAX_PLAINTEXT is this
+  // minus the 16-byte MAC); both must change together.
+  static constexpr size_t OTA_BUFFER_SIZE = 1040;
+#ifdef USE_OTA_ENCRYPTION
+  // espota2.NOISE_MAX_PLAINTEXT; shrinking the buffer would reject every
+  // frame a current CLI sends
+  static constexpr size_t NOISE_CLIENT_MAX_PLAINTEXT = 1024;
+  static_assert(OTA_BUFFER_SIZE >= NOISE_CLIENT_MAX_PLAINTEXT + noise::MAC_SIZE,
+                "OTA_BUFFER_SIZE must fit a full encrypted data frame");
+#endif
+  static constexpr uint8_t MAGIC_BYTES[5] = {0x6C, 0x26, 0xF7, 0x5C, 0x45};
 #ifdef USE_OTA_PARTITIONS
   uint32_t running_app_offset_{0};
   size_t running_app_size_{0};
diff --git a/esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome_noise.cpp b/esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome_noise.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7f8331cf96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome_noise.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+#include "ota_esphome.h"
+#ifdef USE_OTA
+#ifdef USE_OTA_ENCRYPTION
+#include "esphome/components/noise/noise.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ota/ota_backend.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+#include <cstring>
+#include <new>
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+#include <pgmspace.h>
+#endif
+
+namespace esphome {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "esphome.ota";
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+static constexpr char OTA_NOISE_PROLOGUE_INIT[] PROGMEM = "NoiseOTAInit";
+#else
+static constexpr char OTA_NOISE_PROLOGUE_INIT[] = "NoiseOTAInit";
+#endif
+static constexpr size_t OTA_NOISE_PROLOGUE_INIT_LEN = sizeof(OTA_NOISE_PROLOGUE_INIT) - 1;
+
+ESPHomeOTAComponent::NoiseSession::~NoiseSession() {
+  if (this->send_cipher != nullptr) {
+    noise_cipherstate_free(this->send_cipher);
+  }
+  if (this->recv_cipher != nullptr) {
+    noise_cipherstate_free(this->recv_cipher);
+  }
+}
+
+/** Allocate the session and start the responder handshake.
+ *
+ * The prologue binds the whole plaintext preamble, so any tampering with the
+ * negotiation (a stripped feature flag, a changed version) breaks the first
+ * handshake MAC on either side:
+ *   "NoiseOTAInit" | magic(5) | OK,version | client_features | FEATURE_FLAGS,server_flags
+ */
+bool ESPHomeOTAComponent::noise_start_session_(uint8_t server_feature_flags) {
+  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks)
+  this->noise_ = std::unique_ptr<NoiseSession>(new (std::nothrow) NoiseSession());
+  if (this->noise_ == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Session allocation failed");
+    this->cleanup_connection_();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  static constexpr size_t PROLOGUE_ACK_LEN = 2;  // OTA_RESPONSE_OK + version
+  static constexpr size_t PROLOGUE_CLIENT_FEATURES_LEN = 1;
+  static constexpr size_t PROLOGUE_FEATURE_ACK_LEN = 2;  // OTA_RESPONSE_FEATURE_FLAGS + server flags
+  uint8_t prologue[OTA_NOISE_PROLOGUE_INIT_LEN + sizeof(MAGIC_BYTES) + PROLOGUE_ACK_LEN + PROLOGUE_CLIENT_FEATURES_LEN +
+                   PROLOGUE_FEATURE_ACK_LEN];
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+  memcpy_P(prologue, OTA_NOISE_PROLOGUE_INIT, OTA_NOISE_PROLOGUE_INIT_LEN);
+#else
+  std::memcpy(prologue, OTA_NOISE_PROLOGUE_INIT, OTA_NOISE_PROLOGUE_INIT_LEN);
+#endif
+  uint8_t *p = prologue + OTA_NOISE_PROLOGUE_INIT_LEN;
+  // Magic bytes, already validated in MAGIC_READ
+  std::memcpy(p, MAGIC_BYTES, sizeof(MAGIC_BYTES));
+  p += sizeof(MAGIC_BYTES);
+  // Our magic ack
+  *p++ = ota::OTA_RESPONSE_OK;
+  *p++ = USE_OTA_VERSION;
+  // The feature byte the client sent
+  *p++ = this->ota_features_;
+  // The feature ack we sent (noise requires the extended protocol)
+  *p++ = ota::OTA_RESPONSE_FEATURE_FLAGS;
+  *p++ = server_feature_flags;
+
+  int err = this->noise_->handshake.init(this->noise_ctx_.get_psk(), prologue, sizeof(prologue));
+  if (err != 0) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Handshake init: %s", LOG_STR_ARG(noise::noise_err_to_logstr(err)));
+    this->cleanup_connection_();
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+/** Drive the non-blocking handshake from loop(); returns true once the
+ * transport ciphers are ready. A would-block returns false and the next
+ * loop() resumes from the NoiseSession cursors; on failure the connection
+ * is cleaned up.
+ */
+bool ESPHomeOTAComponent::handle_noise_handshake_() {
+  NoiseSession &s = *this->noise_;
+  while (true) {
+    if (s.writing) {
+      if (!this->noise_try_write_frame_()) {
+        return false;  // would block, or errored and cleaned up
+      }
+      s.writing = false;
+      s.frame_pos = 0;
+      s.frame_len = 0;
+    }
+    switch (s.handshake.action()) {
+      case noise::NoiseResponderHandshake::Action::ACTION_READ: {
+        if (!this->noise_try_read_frame_()) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        const uint16_t payload_len = s.frame_len - noise::FRAME_HEADER_SIZE;
+        s.frame_pos = 0;
+        s.frame_len = 0;
+        if (s.frame_buf[noise::FRAME_HEADER_SIZE] != noise::HANDSHAKE_STATUS_OK) {
+          ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Bad handshake error byte: %u", s.frame_buf[noise::FRAME_HEADER_SIZE]);
+          this->cleanup_connection_();
+          return false;
+        }
+        int err = s.handshake.read_message(s.frame_buf + noise::FRAME_HEADER_SIZE + 1, payload_len - 1);
+        if (err != 0) {
+          ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Handshake read: %s", LOG_STR_ARG(noise::noise_err_to_logstr(err)));
+          this->noise_send_reject_(noise::reject_reason_for(err));
+          this->cleanup_connection_();
+          return false;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case noise::NoiseResponderHandshake::Action::ACTION_WRITE: {
+        size_t msg_len = 0;
+        int err =
+            s.handshake.write_message(s.frame_buf + noise::FRAME_HEADER_SIZE + 1, noise::MAX_HANDSHAKE_SIZE, msg_len);
+        if (err != 0) {
+          ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Handshake write: %s", LOG_STR_ARG(noise::noise_err_to_logstr(err)));
+          this->cleanup_connection_();
+          return false;
+        }
+        const uint16_t payload_len = msg_len + 1;
+        noise::write_frame_header(s.frame_buf, payload_len);
+        s.frame_buf[noise::FRAME_HEADER_SIZE] = noise::HANDSHAKE_STATUS_OK;
+        s.frame_len = noise::FRAME_HEADER_SIZE + payload_len;
+        s.frame_pos = 0;
+        s.writing = true;
+        break;
+      }
+      case noise::NoiseResponderHandshake::Action::ACTION_SPLIT: {
+        int err = s.handshake.split(s.send_cipher, s.recv_cipher);
+        if (err != 0) {
+          ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Handshake split: %s", LOG_STR_ARG(noise::noise_err_to_logstr(err)));
+          this->cleanup_connection_();
+          return false;
+        }
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Noise handshake complete");
+        return true;
+      }
+      default: {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Bad handshake state");
+        this->cleanup_connection_();
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/// Non-blocking read of one handshake frame into the session buffer.
+bool ESPHomeOTAComponent::noise_try_read_frame_() {
+  NoiseSession &s = *this->noise_;
+  while (s.frame_pos < noise::FRAME_HEADER_SIZE) {
+    ssize_t read = this->client_->read(s.frame_buf + s.frame_pos, noise::FRAME_HEADER_SIZE - s.frame_pos);
+    if (!this->handle_read_error_(read, LOG_STR("read noise header"))) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    s.frame_pos += read;
+  }
+  if (s.frame_len == 0) {
+    const uint16_t payload_len = encode_uint16(s.frame_buf[1], s.frame_buf[2]);
+    if (s.frame_buf[0] != noise::FRAME_INDICATOR || payload_len < 1 || payload_len > 1 + noise::MAX_HANDSHAKE_SIZE) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Bad handshake frame: 0x%02X, %u bytes", s.frame_buf[0], payload_len);
+      this->cleanup_connection_();
+      return false;
+    }
+    s.frame_len = noise::FRAME_HEADER_SIZE + payload_len;
+  }
+  while (s.frame_pos < s.frame_len) {
+    ssize_t read = this->client_->read(s.frame_buf + s.frame_pos, s.frame_len - s.frame_pos);
+    if (!this->handle_read_error_(read, LOG_STR("read noise frame"))) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    s.frame_pos += read;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+/// Non-blocking write of the pending session-buffer frame.
+bool ESPHomeOTAComponent::noise_try_write_frame_() {
+  NoiseSession &s = *this->noise_;
+  while (s.frame_pos < s.frame_len) {
+    ssize_t written = this->client_->write(s.frame_buf + s.frame_pos, s.frame_len - s.frame_pos);
+    if (!this->handle_write_error_(written, LOG_STR("write noise frame"))) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    s.frame_pos += written;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+/// Best-effort explicit reject frame so the client can log a readable reason.
+void ESPHomeOTAComponent::noise_send_reject_(const LogString *reason) {
+  // Every reason here comes from noise::reject_reason_for(), so the exported
+  // floor is the exact capacity needed
+  uint8_t data[noise::FRAME_HEADER_SIZE + noise::MAC_FAILURE_PAYLOAD_SIZE];
+  const size_t payload_len =
+      noise::format_reject_payload(data + noise::FRAME_HEADER_SIZE, sizeof(data) - noise::FRAME_HEADER_SIZE, reason);
+  noise::write_frame_header(data, payload_len);
+  this->client_->write(data, noise::FRAME_HEADER_SIZE + payload_len);  // Best effort, non-blocking
+}
+
+/// Decrypt a ciphertext in place; returns the plaintext size or -1.
+ssize_t ESPHomeOTAComponent::noise_decrypt_(uint8_t *buf, size_t len) {
+  NoiseBuffer mbuf;
+  noise_buffer_init(mbuf);
+  noise_buffer_set_inout(mbuf, buf, len, len);
+  int err = noise_cipherstate_decrypt(this->noise_->recv_cipher, &mbuf);
+  if (err != 0) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Decrypt: %s", LOG_STR_ARG(noise::noise_err_to_logstr(err)));
+    return -1;
+  }
+  return mbuf.size;
+}
+
+/** Blocking read of one frame whose ciphertext size must be within the given
+ * bounds, decrypted in place; returns the plaintext size, or -1 on error.
+ * buf needs max_ciphertext capacity.
+ */
+ssize_t ESPHomeOTAComponent::noise_read_frame_blocking_(uint8_t *buf, size_t min_ciphertext, size_t max_ciphertext) {
+  uint8_t header[noise::FRAME_HEADER_SIZE];
+  if (!this->readall_(header, sizeof(header))) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+  const size_t ciphertext_len = encode_uint16(header[1], header[2]);
+  if (header[0] != noise::FRAME_INDICATOR || ciphertext_len < min_ciphertext || ciphertext_len > max_ciphertext) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Bad frame: 0x%02X, %zu bytes", header[0], ciphertext_len);
+    return -1;
+  }
+  if (!this->readall_(buf, ciphertext_len)) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+  return this->noise_decrypt_(buf, ciphertext_len);
+}
+
+/** Blocking read of one frame whose plaintext must be exactly len bytes
+ * (control units are one unit per frame). buf needs len + noise::MAC_SIZE
+ * capacity; the plaintext lands at buf[0..len).
+ */
+bool ESPHomeOTAComponent::noise_readall_(uint8_t *buf, size_t len) {
+  return this->noise_read_frame_blocking_(buf, len + noise::MAC_SIZE, len + noise::MAC_SIZE) == (ssize_t) len;
+}
+
+/** Blocking read of one data-phase frame, decrypted in place; returns the
+ * plaintext size, or -1 on error. buf is the OTA_BUFFER_SIZE data buffer.
+ * The ciphertext must fit that buffer and its plaintext must fit what the
+ * caller accepts (the remaining image bytes).
+ */
+ssize_t ESPHomeOTAComponent::noise_read_data_(uint8_t *buf, size_t capacity) {
+  const size_t max_ciphertext = std::min(capacity + noise::MAC_SIZE, OTA_BUFFER_SIZE);
+  return this->noise_read_frame_blocking_(buf, noise::MAC_SIZE + 1, max_ciphertext);
+}
+
+/// Blocking write of one response byte as an encrypted frame.
+bool ESPHomeOTAComponent::noise_write_byte_(uint8_t byte) {
+  uint8_t frame[noise::FRAME_HEADER_SIZE + 1 + noise::MAC_SIZE];
+  frame[noise::FRAME_HEADER_SIZE] = byte;
+  NoiseBuffer mbuf;
+  noise_buffer_init(mbuf);
+  noise_buffer_set_inout(mbuf, frame + noise::FRAME_HEADER_SIZE, 1, 1 + noise::MAC_SIZE);
+  int err = noise_cipherstate_encrypt(this->noise_->send_cipher, &mbuf);
+  if (err != 0) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Encrypt: %s", LOG_STR_ARG(noise::noise_err_to_logstr(err)));
+    return false;
+  }
+  noise::write_frame_header(frame, mbuf.size);
+  return this->writeall_(frame, noise::FRAME_HEADER_SIZE + mbuf.size);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome
+#endif  // USE_OTA_ENCRYPTION
+#endif  // USE_OTA
diff --git a/esphome/components/espnow/__init__.py b/esphome/components/espnow/__init__.py
index 373ef345d1..5541a6ee97 100644
--- a/esphome/components/espnow/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/espnow/__init__.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import automation, core
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import wifi
@@ -14,6 +16,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_WIFI,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, HexInt
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
@@ -78,7 +81,7 @@ CONF_CONTINUE_ON_ERROR = "continue_on_error"
 CONF_WAIT_FOR_SENT = "wait_for_sent"
 
 
-def _validate_max_payload_size(value: int) -> int:
+def _validate_max_payload_size(value: Any) -> int:
     if value > ESPNOW_PAYLOAD_V1:
         return cv.require_framework_version(
             esp_idf=cv.Version(5, 4, 0),
@@ -88,7 +91,7 @@ def _validate_max_payload_size(value: int) -> int:
     return value
 
 
-def validate_channel(value):
+def validate_channel(value: Any) -> int:
     if value is None:
         raise cv.Invalid("channel is required if wifi is not configured")
     return wifi.validate_channel(value)
@@ -129,7 +132,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def _trigger_to_code(config):
+async def _trigger_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     if address := config.get(CONF_ADDRESS):
         address = address.parts
     trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], address)
@@ -145,13 +148,18 @@ async def _trigger_to_code(config):
     return trigger
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
     cg.add_define("USE_ESPNOW")
     cg.add_define("USE_ESPNOW_MAX_PAYLOAD_SIZE", config[CONF_MAX_PAYLOAD_SIZE])
 
+    if CORE.is_esp32:
+        from esphome.components.esp32 import include_builtin_idf_component
+
+        include_builtin_idf_component("esp_wifi")
+
     if CONF_WIFI in CORE.config:
         # Track the Wi-Fi channel via connect events instead of polling every loop
         wifi.request_wifi_connect_state_listener()
@@ -180,13 +188,13 @@ async def to_code(config):
 # ========================================== A C T I O N S ================================================
 
 
-def validate_peer(value):
+def validate_peer(value: Any) -> Any:
     if isinstance(value, cv.Lambda):
         return cv.returning_lambda(value)
     return cv.mac_address(value)
 
 
-def _validate_raw_data(value):
+def _validate_raw_data(value: Any) -> str | list:
     if isinstance(value, str):
         if len(value) > MAX_ESPNOW_PACKET_SIZE:
             raise cv.Invalid(
@@ -204,7 +212,9 @@ def _validate_raw_data(value):
     )
 
 
-async def register_peer(var, config, args):
+async def register_peer(
+    var: MockObj, config: ConfigType, args: TemplateArgsType
+) -> None:
     peer = config[CONF_ADDRESS]
     if isinstance(peer, core.MACAddress):
         peer = [HexInt(p) for p in peer.parts]
@@ -231,7 +241,7 @@ SEND_SCHEMA = PEER_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-def _validate_send_action(config):
+def _validate_send_action(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if not config[CONF_WAIT_FOR_SENT] and not config[CONF_CONTINUE_ON_ERROR]:
         raise cv.Invalid(
             f"'{CONF_CONTINUE_ON_ERROR}' cannot be false if '{CONF_WAIT_FOR_SENT}' is false as the automation will not wait for the failed result.",
@@ -267,7 +277,7 @@ async def send_action(
     action_id: core.ID,
     template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
     args: list[tuple],
-):
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
 
@@ -316,7 +326,7 @@ async def peer_action(
     action_id: core.ID,
     template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
     args: list[tuple],
-):
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     await register_peer(var, config, args)
@@ -341,7 +351,7 @@ async def channel_action(
     action_id: core.ID,
     template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
     args: list[tuple],
-):
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_CHANNEL], args, cg.uint8)
diff --git a/esphome/components/espnow/espnow_component.cpp b/esphome/components/espnow/espnow_component.cpp
index df9a1b8668..ecf0f79e4a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/espnow/espnow_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/espnow/espnow_component.cpp
@@ -129,14 +129,17 @@ void on_data_received(const esp_now_recv_info_t *info, const uint8_t *data, int
 ESPNowComponent::ESPNowComponent() { global_esp_now = this; }
 
 void ESPNowComponent::dump_config() {
-  uint32_t version = 0;
-  esp_now_get_version(&version);
-
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "espnow:");
-  if (this->is_disabled()) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Disabled");
+  // Only report driver details once enabled; with enable_on_boot: false the
+  // Wi-Fi driver is not initialized yet and esp_now_get_version() would crash,
+  // and after a failed enable_() the values would be meaningless.
+  if (this->state_ != ESPNOW_STATE_ENABLED) {
+    // OFF here means enable_() failed; the core logs the FAILED marker separately
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  %s", this->is_disabled() ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("Disabled") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("Not enabled"));
     return;
   }
+  uint32_t version = 0;
+  esp_now_get_version(&version);
   char own_addr_buf[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
   format_mac_addr_upper(this->own_address_, own_addr_buf);
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
diff --git a/esphome/components/espnow/packet_transport/__init__.py b/esphome/components/espnow/packet_transport/__init__.py
index e6d66440db..ee4706ca1c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/espnow/packet_transport/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/espnow/packet_transport/__init__.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.components.packet_transport import (
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.core import HexInt
 from esphome.cpp_types import PollingComponent
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import ESPNowComponent, espnow_ns
 
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = transport_schema(ESPNowTransport).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     """Set up the ESP-NOW transport component."""
     var, _ = await new_packet_transport(config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ethernet/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ethernet/__init__.py
index d1d5e45c6b..0454440f14 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ethernet/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ethernet/__init__.py
@@ -4,13 +4,17 @@ import logging
 from esphome import automation, pins
 from esphome.automation import Condition
 import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import spi
 from esphome.components.network import (
     add_use_address,
     get_network_priority,
     get_priority_interfaces_from_full_config,
     ip_address_literal,
 )
-from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_platform
+from esphome.config_helpers import (
+    filter_source_files_from_defines,
+    filter_source_files_from_platform,
+)
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ADDRESS,
@@ -36,6 +40,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_POLLING_INTERVAL,
     CONF_RESET_PIN,
     CONF_SPI,
+    CONF_SPI_ID,
     CONF_STATIC_IP,
     CONF_SUBNET,
     CONF_TYPE,
@@ -48,10 +53,12 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.core import (
     CORE,
+    ID,
     CoroPriority,
     TimePeriodMilliseconds,
     coroutine_with_priority,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
@@ -132,6 +139,7 @@ ETHERNET_TYPES = {
     "W6300": EthernetType.ETHERNET_TYPE_W6300,
     "GENERIC": EthernetType.ETHERNET_TYPE_GENERIC,
     "YT8531": EthernetType.ETHERNET_TYPE_YT8531,
+    "CH390": EthernetType.ETHERNET_TYPE_CH390,
 }
 
 # PHY types that need compile-time defines for conditional compilation
@@ -153,6 +161,7 @@ _PHY_TYPE_TO_DEFINE = {
     "W6300": "USE_ETHERNET_W6300",
     "GENERIC": "USE_ETHERNET_GENERIC",
     "YT8531": "USE_ETHERNET_YT8531",
+    "CH390": "USE_ETHERNET_CH390",
 }
 
 
@@ -176,13 +185,14 @@ _IDF6_ETHERNET_COMPONENTS: dict[str, IDFRegistryComponent] = {
     "DM9051": IDFRegistryComponent("espressif/dm9051", "1.1.0"),
     "ENC28J60": IDFRegistryComponent("espressif/enc28j60", "1.0.1"),
     "LAN8670": IDFRegistryComponent("espressif/lan867x", "2.0.0"),
+    "CH390": IDFRegistryComponent("espressif/ch390", "0.3.0"),
 }
 
 # These types are always external IDF components (never built-in to ESP-IDF)
-_ALWAYS_EXTERNAL_IDF_COMPONENTS = {"LAN8670", "ENC28J60"}
+_ALWAYS_EXTERNAL_IDF_COMPONENTS = {"LAN8670", "ENC28J60", "CH390"}
 
 # ESP32-only SPI ethernet types (W5100 is RP2040-only, no ESP-IDF driver)
-SPI_ETHERNET_TYPES = {"W5500", "DM9051", "ENC28J60"}
+SPI_ETHERNET_TYPES = {"W5500", "DM9051", "ENC28J60", "CH390"}
 # RP2-supported ethernet types (SPI and PIO QSPI). Applies to the whole
 # RP2 family (RP2040 and RP2350); the chip-specific W5100 caveat in the
 # comment above is about ESP-IDF driver coverage, not the RP2 platform.
@@ -255,10 +265,42 @@ def _is_framework_spi_polling_mode_supported() -> bool:
     return False
 
 
+# Options that come from the referenced spi bus when spi_id is set
+_SPI_BUS_PROVIDED_OPTIONS = (
+    CONF_CLK_PIN,
+    CONF_MOSI_PIN,
+    CONF_MISO_PIN,
+    CONF_INTERFACE,
+)
+
+
+def _validate_spi_bus(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """Cross-validate spi_id against the options the referenced bus provides."""
+    if CONF_SPI_ID in config:
+        for key in _SPI_BUS_PROVIDED_OPTIONS:
+            if key in config:
+                raise cv.Invalid(
+                    f"'{key}' cannot be used together with '{CONF_SPI_ID}'; "
+                    f"it comes from the referenced 'spi:' bus.",
+                    path=[key],
+                )
+    else:
+        for key in (CONF_CLK_PIN, CONF_MOSI_PIN, CONF_MISO_PIN):
+            if key not in config:
+                raise cv.Invalid(
+                    f"'{key}' is a required option when '{CONF_SPI_ID}' is not set.",
+                    path=[key],
+                )
+    return config
+
+
 def _validate_spi_interface(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     """Set default SPI interface or validate user choice against the variant."""
     if not CORE.is_esp32:
         return config
+    if CONF_SPI_ID in config:
+        # The interface comes from the referenced spi bus; don't set a default.
+        return config
     from esphome.components.esp32 import VARIANT_ESP32, get_esp32_variant
     from esphome.components.spi import get_hw_interface_list
 
@@ -273,7 +315,7 @@ def _validate_spi_interface(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     return config
 
 
-def _validate(config):
+def _validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_USE_ADDRESS not in config:
         if CONF_MANUAL_IP in config:
             use_address = str(config[CONF_MANUAL_IP][CONF_STATIC_IP])
@@ -352,7 +394,7 @@ def _validate(config):
                     "  clk:\n"
                     "    mode: %s\n"
                     "    pin: %s\n"
-                    "Removal scheduled for 2026.9.0.",
+                    "Removal scheduled for 2026.11.0.",
                     config[CONF_CLK_MODE],
                     mode,
                     pin,
@@ -438,14 +480,19 @@ GENERIC_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def _spi_schema(default_clock: str = "26.67MHz", max_clock: int = int(80e6)):
+def _spi_schema(default_clock: str = "26.67MHz", max_clock: int = int(80e6)) -> cv.All:
     return cv.All(
         BASE_SCHEMA.extend(
             cv.Schema(
                 {
-                    cv.Required(CONF_CLK_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_number,
-                    cv.Required(CONF_MISO_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_number,
-                    cv.Required(CONF_MOSI_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_number,
+                    # clk/mosi/miso are required unless spi_id is set; enforced
+                    # by _validate_spi_bus below.
+                    cv.Optional(CONF_CLK_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_number,
+                    cv.Optional(CONF_MISO_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_number,
+                    cv.Optional(CONF_MOSI_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_number,
+                    cv.Optional(CONF_SPI_ID): cv.All(
+                        cv.only_on_esp32, cv.use_id(spi.SPIComponent)
+                    ),
                     cv.Required(CONF_CS_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_number,
                     cv.Optional(
                         CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN
@@ -470,6 +517,7 @@ def _spi_schema(default_clock: str = "26.67MHz", max_clock: int = int(80e6)):
             ),
         ),
         cv.only_on([Platform.ESP32, Platform.RP2]),
+        _validate_spi_bus,
         _validate_spi_interface,
     )
 
@@ -480,6 +528,12 @@ SPI_SCHEMA = _spi_schema()
 # of spec for it and makes the driver's CS hold time helper compute no hold
 SPI_SCHEMA_ENC28J60 = _spi_schema(default_clock="20MHz", max_clock=int(20e6))
 
+# The CH390H/D rates SCK at 50 MHz typical and 72 MHz maximum with VDDIO at 3.3V,
+# so the shared 80 MHz ceiling is out of spec while the 26.67 MHz default is not.
+# CH390 datasheet v1.8, tables 9-4 and 9-5:
+# https://www.wch-ic.com/downloads/CH390DS1_PDF.html
+SPI_SCHEMA_CH390 = _spi_schema(max_clock=int(72e6))
+
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     cv.typed_schema(
         {
@@ -494,6 +548,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             "W5500": SPI_SCHEMA,
             "OPENETH": cv.All(BASE_SCHEMA, cv.only_on([Platform.ESP32])),
             "DM9051": SPI_SCHEMA,
+            "CH390": SPI_SCHEMA_CH390,
             "ENC28J60": SPI_SCHEMA_ENC28J60,
             "W6100": cv.All(SPI_SCHEMA, cv.only_on([Platform.RP2])),
             "W6300": cv.All(SPI_SCHEMA, cv.only_on([Platform.RP2])),
@@ -507,13 +562,37 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate_spi(config):
+def _final_validate_spi(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if not CORE.is_esp32:
         return  # SPI interface validation is ESP32-only
     if config[CONF_TYPE] not in SPI_ETHERNET_TYPES:
         return
     from esphome.components.spi import CONF_INTERFACE_INDEX, get_spi_interface
 
+    if CONF_SPI_ID in config:
+        # Sharing the bus: the standard spi device schema enforces that the
+        # referenced bus declares both data lines. The IDF ethernet drivers
+        # additionally need a hardware host, which shows as an interface index
+        # on the validated bus config.
+        spi.final_validate_device_schema(
+            "ethernet", require_mosi=True, require_miso=True
+        )(config)
+        cv.Schema(
+            {
+                cv.Required(CONF_SPI_ID): fv.id_declaration_match_schema(
+                    {
+                        cv.Required(
+                            CONF_INTERFACE_INDEX,
+                            msg="Component ethernet requires this spi bus to use "
+                            "a hardware interface",
+                        ): cv.valid
+                    }
+                )
+            },
+            extra=cv.ALLOW_EXTRA,
+        )(config)
+        return
+
     if spi_configs := fv.full_config.get().get(CONF_SPI):
         # get_spi_interface() returns strings like "SPI2_HOST"
         spi_host = f"{config[CONF_INTERFACE].upper()}_HOST"
@@ -527,7 +606,7 @@ def _final_validate_spi(config):
                     )
 
 
-def manual_ip(config):
+def manual_ip(config: ConfigType) -> cg.StructInitializer:
     return cg.StructInitializer(
         ManualIP,
         ("static_ip", ip_address_literal(config[CONF_STATIC_IP])),
@@ -538,7 +617,7 @@ def manual_ip(config):
     )
 
 
-def phy_register(address: int, value: int, page: int):
+def phy_register(address: int, value: int, page: int) -> cg.StructInitializer:
     return cg.StructInitializer(
         PHYRegister,
         ("address", address),
@@ -548,7 +627,7 @@ def phy_register(address: int, value: int, page: int):
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.COMMUNICATION)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
 
     # Apply network priority before register_component (which emits the user's
@@ -600,7 +679,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     CORE.add_job(final_step)
 
 
-async def _to_code_esp32(var: cg.Pvariable, config: ConfigType) -> None:
+async def _to_code_esp32(var: cg.MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     from esphome.components.esp32 import (
         add_idf_component,
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option,
@@ -610,9 +689,15 @@ async def _to_code_esp32(var: cg.Pvariable, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     )
 
     if config[CONF_TYPE] in SPI_ETHERNET_TYPES:
-        cg.add(var.set_clk_pin(config[CONF_CLK_PIN]))
-        cg.add(var.set_miso_pin(config[CONF_MISO_PIN]))
-        cg.add(var.set_mosi_pin(config[CONF_MOSI_PIN]))
+        if (spi_id := config.get(CONF_SPI_ID)) is not None:
+            # Pins and host come from the shared spi bus.
+            spi_parent = await cg.get_variable(spi_id)
+            cg.add(var.set_spi_parent(spi_parent))
+        else:
+            cg.add(var.set_clk_pin(config[CONF_CLK_PIN]))
+            cg.add(var.set_miso_pin(config[CONF_MISO_PIN]))
+            cg.add(var.set_mosi_pin(config[CONF_MOSI_PIN]))
+            cg.add(var.set_interface(SPI_INTERFACE_MAP[config[CONF_INTERFACE]]))
         cg.add(var.set_cs_pin(config[CONF_CS_PIN]))
         if CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN in config:
             cg.add(var.set_interrupt_pin(config[CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN]))
@@ -626,11 +711,13 @@ async def _to_code_esp32(var: cg.Pvariable, config: ConfigType) -> None:
 
         cg.add_define("USE_ETHERNET_SPI")
 
-        cg.add(var.set_interface(SPI_INTERFACE_MAP[config[CONF_INTERFACE]]))
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_ETH_USE_SPI_ETHERNET", True)
         # CONFIG_ETH_SPI_ETHERNET_{TYPE} Kconfig options were removed in IDF 6.0
-        # ENC28J60 was never built-in to IDF, so it has no Kconfig option
-        if idf_version() < cv.Version(6, 0, 0) and config[CONF_TYPE] != "ENC28J60":
+        # Types that are never built into IDF ship no Kconfig option at all
+        if (
+            idf_version() < cv.Version(6, 0, 0)
+            and config[CONF_TYPE] not in _ALWAYS_EXTERNAL_IDF_COMPONENTS
+        ):
             add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
                 f"CONFIG_ETH_SPI_ETHERNET_{config[CONF_TYPE]}", True
             )
@@ -685,7 +772,7 @@ async def _to_code_esp32(var: cg.Pvariable, config: ConfigType) -> None:
         add_idf_component(name=component.name, ref=component.version)
 
 
-async def _to_code_rp2040(var: cg.Pvariable, config: ConfigType) -> None:
+async def _to_code_rp2040(var: cg.MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add(var.set_clk_pin(config[CONF_CLK_PIN]))
     cg.add(var.set_miso_pin(config[CONF_MISO_PIN]))
     cg.add(var.set_mosi_pin(config[CONF_MOSI_PIN]))
@@ -754,7 +841,7 @@ def _final_validate_rmii_pins(config: ConfigType) -> None:
             raise cv.Invalid(error_msg, path=pin_path)
 
 
-def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     """Final validation for Ethernet component."""
     # Allow ethernet + wifi coexistence only when both are declared in network: priority:.
     if "wifi" in fv.full_config.get():
@@ -774,14 +861,13 @@ def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
 
     _final_validate_spi(config)
     _final_validate_rmii_pins(config)
-    return config
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.FINAL)
-async def final_step():
+async def final_step() -> None:
     """Final code generation step to configure optional Ethernet features."""
     if ip_state_count := CORE.data.get(ETHERNET_IP_STATE_LISTENERS_KEY, 0):
         cg.add_define("USE_ETHERNET_IP_STATE_LISTENERS")
@@ -799,12 +885,23 @@ _platform_filter = filter_source_files_from_platform(
             PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
             PlatformFramework.ESP32_ARDUINO,
         },
+        "w5500_custom_spi.cpp": {
+            PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+            PlatformFramework.ESP32_ARDUINO,
+        },
     }
 )
 
 
+# The custom W5500 SPI driver is fully #ifdef'd on USE_ESP32 and
+# USE_ETHERNET_W5500 (the platform filter map above handles non-ESP32).
+_define_filter = filter_source_files_from_defines(
+    {"w5500_custom_spi.cpp": "USE_ETHERNET_W5500"}
+)
+
+
 def _filter_source_files() -> list[str]:
-    excluded = _platform_filter()
+    excluded = _platform_filter() + _define_filter()
     eth_data = CORE.data.get(KEY_ETHERNET, {})
     eth_type = eth_data.get(ETHERNET_TYPE_KEY)
     # Only compile the custom JL1101 driver when JL1101 is configured
@@ -818,13 +915,19 @@ def _filter_source_files() -> list[str]:
         # to avoid shadowing. Native IDF builds always need the custom driver.
         if cv.Version(5, 4, 2) <= idf_version() < cv.Version(6, 0, 0):
             excluded.append("esp_eth_phy_jl1101.c")
-    return excluded
+    # The platform and define filters can both name the same file
+    return list(dict.fromkeys(excluded))
 
 
 FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = _filter_source_files
 
 
-async def _new_pvariable_to_code(config, id_, template_arg, args):
+async def _new_pvariable_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    id_: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     return cg.new_Pvariable(id_, template_arg)
 
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.cpp b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.cpp
index 42cb0b3cfc..14a4fd660b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.cpp
@@ -10,14 +10,6 @@ EthernetComponent *global_eth_component;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-
 
 EthernetComponent::EthernetComponent() { global_eth_component = this; }
 
-float EthernetComponent::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::WIFI; }
-
-void EthernetComponent::set_type(EthernetType type) { this->type_ = type; }
-
-#ifdef USE_ETHERNET_MANUAL_IP
-void EthernetComponent::set_manual_ip(const ManualIP &manual_ip) { this->manual_ip_ = manual_ip; }
-#endif
-
 #ifdef USE_ETHERNET_IP_STATE_LISTENERS
 void EthernetComponent::notify_ip_state_listeners_() {
   auto ips = this->get_ip_addresses();
diff --git a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h
index 9f4398c621..2b67b9093b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h
@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@
 #include "esp_eth.h"
 #ifdef USE_ETHERNET_SPI
 #include "hal/spi_types.h"
+#ifdef USE_SPI
+#include "esphome/components/spi/spi.h"
+#endif
 #endif
 #include "esp_eth_mac.h"
 #include "esp_eth_mac_esp.h"
@@ -88,6 +91,7 @@ enum EthernetType : uint8_t {
   ETHERNET_TYPE_W6300,
   ETHERNET_TYPE_GENERIC,
   ETHERNET_TYPE_YT8531,
+  ETHERNET_TYPE_CH390,
 };
 
 struct ManualIP {
@@ -124,7 +128,7 @@ class EthernetComponent final : public Component {
   void setup() override;
   void loop() override;
   void dump_config() override;
-  float get_setup_priority() const override;
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::ETHERNET; }
   void on_powerdown() override { powerdown(); }
   bool is_connected() { return this->state_ == EthernetComponentState::CONNECTED; }
 
@@ -139,11 +143,17 @@ class EthernetComponent final : public Component {
   bool is_disabled() { return this->disabled_; }
   bool is_enabled() { return !this->disabled_; }
 
-  void set_type(EthernetType type);
-#ifdef USE_ETHERNET_MANUAL_IP
-  void set_manual_ip(const ManualIP &manual_ip);
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+  /// esp_netif handle, used by network for default-route arbitration.
+  /// nullptr until the driver/netif installation has run.
+  esp_netif_t *get_esp_netif() { return this->eth_netif_; }
 #endif
-  void set_fixed_mac(const std::array<uint8_t, 6> &mac) { this->fixed_mac_ = mac; }
+
+  void set_type(EthernetType type) { this->type_ = type; }
+#ifdef USE_ETHERNET_MANUAL_IP
+  void set_manual_ip(const ManualIP &manual_ip) { this->manual_ip_ = manual_ip; }
+#endif
+  void set_fixed_mac(const std::array<uint8_t, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE> &mac) { this->fixed_mac_ = mac; }
 
   network::IPAddresses get_ip_addresses();
   network::IPAddress get_dns_address(uint8_t num);
@@ -152,9 +162,6 @@ class EthernetComponent final : public Component {
   const char *get_use_address() const { return this->use_address_; }
   void set_use_address(const char *use_address) { this->use_address_ = use_address; }
   void get_eth_mac_address_raw(uint8_t *mac);
-  // Remove before 2026.9.0
-  ESPDEPRECATED("Use get_eth_mac_address_pretty_into_buffer() instead. Removed in 2026.9.0", "2026.3.0")
-  std::string get_eth_mac_address_pretty();
   const char *get_eth_mac_address_pretty_into_buffer(std::span<char, MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE> buf);
   eth_duplex_t get_duplex_mode();
   eth_speed_t get_link_speed();
@@ -164,35 +171,38 @@ class EthernetComponent final : public Component {
   esp_eth_handle_t get_eth_handle() const { return this->eth_handle_; }
 
 #ifdef USE_ETHERNET_SPI
-  void set_clk_pin(uint8_t clk_pin);
-  void set_miso_pin(uint8_t miso_pin);
-  void set_mosi_pin(uint8_t mosi_pin);
-  void set_cs_pin(uint8_t cs_pin);
-  void set_interrupt_pin(uint8_t interrupt_pin);
-  void set_reset_pin(uint8_t reset_pin);
-  void set_clock_speed(int clock_speed);
-  void set_interface(spi_host_device_t interface);
+  void set_clk_pin(uint8_t clk_pin) { this->clk_pin_ = clk_pin; }
+  void set_miso_pin(uint8_t miso_pin) { this->miso_pin_ = miso_pin; }
+  void set_mosi_pin(uint8_t mosi_pin) { this->mosi_pin_ = mosi_pin; }
+  void set_cs_pin(uint8_t cs_pin) { this->cs_pin_ = cs_pin; }
+  void set_interrupt_pin(uint8_t interrupt_pin) { this->interrupt_pin_ = interrupt_pin; }
+  void set_reset_pin(uint8_t reset_pin) { this->reset_pin_ = reset_pin; }
+  void set_clock_speed(int clock_speed) { this->clock_speed_ = clock_speed; }
+  void set_interface(spi_host_device_t interface) { this->interface_ = interface; }
+#ifdef USE_SPI
+  void set_spi_parent(spi::SPIComponent *parent) { this->spi_parent_ = parent; }
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_ETHERNET_SPI_POLLING_SUPPORT
-  void set_polling_interval(uint32_t polling_interval);
+  void set_polling_interval(uint32_t polling_interval) { this->polling_interval_ = polling_interval; }
 #endif
 #else
-  void set_phy_addr(uint8_t phy_addr);
-  void set_power_pin(int power_pin);
-  void set_mdc_pin(uint8_t mdc_pin);
-  void set_mdio_pin(uint8_t mdio_pin);
-  void set_clk_pin(uint8_t clk_pin);
-  void set_clk_mode(emac_rmii_clock_mode_t clk_mode);
+  void set_phy_addr(uint8_t phy_addr) { this->phy_addr_ = phy_addr; }
+  void set_power_pin(int power_pin) { this->power_pin_ = power_pin; }
+  void set_mdc_pin(uint8_t mdc_pin) { this->mdc_pin_ = mdc_pin; }
+  void set_mdio_pin(uint8_t mdio_pin) { this->mdio_pin_ = mdio_pin; }
+  void set_clk_pin(uint8_t clk_pin) { this->clk_pin_ = clk_pin; }
+  void set_clk_mode(emac_rmii_clock_mode_t clk_mode) { this->clk_mode_ = clk_mode; }
   void add_phy_register(PHYRegister register_value);
 #endif  // USE_ETHERNET_SPI
 #endif  // USE_ESP32
 
 #ifdef USE_RP2
-  void set_clk_pin(uint8_t clk_pin);
-  void set_miso_pin(uint8_t miso_pin);
-  void set_mosi_pin(uint8_t mosi_pin);
-  void set_cs_pin(uint8_t cs_pin);
-  void set_interrupt_pin(int8_t interrupt_pin);
-  void set_reset_pin(int8_t reset_pin);
+  void set_clk_pin(uint8_t clk_pin) { this->clk_pin_ = clk_pin; }
+  void set_miso_pin(uint8_t miso_pin) { this->miso_pin_ = miso_pin; }
+  void set_mosi_pin(uint8_t mosi_pin) { this->mosi_pin_ = mosi_pin; }
+  void set_cs_pin(uint8_t cs_pin) { this->cs_pin_ = cs_pin; }
+  void set_interrupt_pin(int8_t interrupt_pin) { this->interrupt_pin_ = interrupt_pin; }
+  void set_reset_pin(int8_t reset_pin) { this->reset_pin_ = reset_pin; }
 #endif  // USE_RP2
 
 #ifdef USE_ETHERNET_IP_STATE_LISTENERS
@@ -254,6 +264,11 @@ class EthernetComponent final : public Component {
   int phy_addr_spi_{-1};
   int clock_speed_;
   spi_host_device_t interface_{SPI2_HOST};
+#ifdef USE_SPI
+  // When set, the SPI bus is owned and initialized by this spi component
+  // and the ethernet chip only adds a device to it.
+  spi::SPIComponent *spi_parent_{nullptr};
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_ETHERNET_SPI_POLLING_SUPPORT
   uint32_t polling_interval_{0};
 #endif
@@ -335,7 +350,7 @@ class EthernetComponent final : public Component {
   bool ipv6_setup_done_{false};
 #endif /* LWIP_IPV6 */
 
-  optional<std::array<uint8_t, 6>> fixed_mac_;
+  optional<std::array<uint8_t, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE>> fixed_mac_;
 
 #ifdef USE_ETHERNET_IP_STATE_LISTENERS
   StaticVector<EthernetIPStateListener *, ESPHOME_ETHERNET_IP_STATE_LISTENERS> ip_state_listeners_;
diff --git a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component_esp32.cpp b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component_esp32.cpp
index 94f4c23479..1d9903271e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component_esp32.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component_esp32.cpp
@@ -50,9 +50,18 @@
 #include "esp_eth_enc28j60.h"
 #endif
 
+// CH390 headers exist on all IDF versions (always an external component)
+#ifdef USE_ETHERNET_CH390
+#include "esp_eth_mac_ch390.h"
+#include "esp_eth_phy_ch390.h"
+#endif
+
 #ifdef USE_ETHERNET_SPI
 #include <driver/gpio.h>
 #include <driver/spi_master.h>
+#ifdef USE_SPI
+#include "esphome/components/spi/spi.h"
+#endif
 #endif
 
 namespace esphome::ethernet {
@@ -162,25 +171,34 @@ void EthernetComponent::ethernet_lazy_init_() {
   // Install GPIO ISR handler to be able to service SPI Eth modules interrupts
   gpio_install_isr_service(0);
 
-  spi_bus_config_t buscfg = {
-      .mosi_io_num = this->mosi_pin_,
-      .miso_io_num = this->miso_pin_,
-      .sclk_io_num = this->clk_pin_,
-      .quadwp_io_num = -1,
-      .quadhd_io_num = -1,
-      .data4_io_num = -1,
-      .data5_io_num = -1,
-      .data6_io_num = -1,
-      .data7_io_num = -1,
-      .max_transfer_sz = 0,
-      .flags = 0,
-      .intr_flags = 0,
-  };
+  spi_host_device_t host;
+#ifdef USE_SPI
+  if (this->spi_parent_ != nullptr) {
+    // The bus is owned and already initialized by the spi component; share its host.
+    host = this->spi_parent_->get_interface();
+  } else
+#endif
+  {
+    spi_bus_config_t buscfg = {
+        .mosi_io_num = this->mosi_pin_,
+        .miso_io_num = this->miso_pin_,
+        .sclk_io_num = this->clk_pin_,
+        .quadwp_io_num = -1,
+        .quadhd_io_num = -1,
+        .data4_io_num = -1,
+        .data5_io_num = -1,
+        .data6_io_num = -1,
+        .data7_io_num = -1,
+        .max_transfer_sz = 0,
+        .flags = 0,
+        .intr_flags = 0,
+    };
 
-  auto host = this->interface_;
+    host = this->interface_;
 
-  err = spi_bus_initialize(host, &buscfg, SPI_DMA_CH_AUTO);
-  ESPHL_ERROR_CHECK(err, "SPI bus initialize error");
+    err = spi_bus_initialize(host, &buscfg, SPI_DMA_CH_AUTO);
+    ESPHL_ERROR_CHECK(err, "SPI bus initialize error");
+  }
 #endif
   // Network interface setup handled by network component
 
@@ -215,6 +233,8 @@ void EthernetComponent::ethernet_lazy_init_() {
   eth_dm9051_config_t dm9051_config = ETH_DM9051_DEFAULT_CONFIG(host, &devcfg);
 #elif defined(USE_ETHERNET_ENC28J60)
   eth_enc28j60_config_t enc28j60_config = ETH_ENC28J60_DEFAULT_CONFIG(host, &devcfg);
+#elif defined(USE_ETHERNET_CH390)
+  eth_ch390_config_t ch390_config = ETH_CH390_DEFAULT_CONFIG(host, &devcfg);
 #endif
 
 #if defined(USE_ETHERNET_W5500)
@@ -236,6 +256,11 @@ void EthernetComponent::ethernet_lazy_init_() {
   // time (t10, 210 ns) after the last clock or MAC/MII register reads fail ("wrong chip ID")
   enc28j60_config.spi_devcfg->cs_ena_posttrans = enc28j60_cal_spi_cs_hold_time((this->clock_speed_ + 999999) / 1000000);
   enc28j60_config.int_gpio_num = this->interrupt_pin_;
+#elif defined(USE_ETHERNET_CH390)
+  ch390_config.int_gpio_num = this->interrupt_pin_;
+#ifdef USE_ETHERNET_SPI_POLLING_SUPPORT
+  ch390_config.poll_period_ms = this->polling_interval_;
+#endif
 #endif
 
   phy_config.phy_addr = this->phy_addr_spi_;
@@ -360,6 +385,12 @@ void EthernetComponent::ethernet_lazy_init_() {
       this->phy_ = esp_eth_phy_new_enc28j60(&phy_config);
       break;
     }
+#elif defined(USE_ETHERNET_CH390)
+    case ETHERNET_TYPE_CH390: {
+      mac = esp_eth_mac_new_ch390(&ch390_config, &mac_config);
+      this->phy_ = esp_eth_phy_new_ch390(&phy_config);
+      break;
+    }
 #endif
 #endif
     default: {
@@ -410,9 +441,9 @@ void EthernetComponent::ethernet_lazy_init_() {
 #endif  // !USE_ETHERNET_SPI
 
   // use ESP internal eth mac
-  uint8_t mac_addr[6];
+  uint8_t mac_addr[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];
   if (this->fixed_mac_.has_value()) {
-    memcpy(mac_addr, this->fixed_mac_->data(), 6);
+    memcpy(mac_addr, this->fixed_mac_->data(), MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE);
   } else {
     esp_read_mac(mac_addr, ESP_MAC_ETH);
   }
@@ -519,6 +550,10 @@ void EthernetComponent::dump_config() {
     case ETHERNET_TYPE_ENC28J60:
       eth_type = "ENC28J60";
       break;
+#elif defined(USE_ETHERNET_CH390)
+    case ETHERNET_TYPE_CH390:
+      eth_type = "CH390";
+      break;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_ETHERNET_OPENETH
     case ETHERNET_TYPE_OPENETH:
@@ -552,17 +587,25 @@ void EthernetComponent::dump_config() {
                 YESNO(this->is_connected()));
   this->dump_connect_params_();
 #ifdef USE_ETHERNET_SPI
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
-                "  CLK Pin: %u\n"
-                "  MISO Pin: %u\n"
-                "  MOSI Pin: %u\n"
-                "  CS Pin: %u",
-                this->clk_pin_, this->miso_pin_, this->mosi_pin_, this->cs_pin_);
-  const char *spi_interface = "spi3";
-  if (this->interface_ == SPI2_HOST) {
-    spi_interface = "spi2";
+#ifdef USE_SPI
+  if (this->spi_parent_ != nullptr) {
+    // Pins and interface come from the shared spi bus; only CS is ours.
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  CS Pin: %u", this->cs_pin_);
+  } else
+#endif
+  {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                  "  CLK Pin: %u\n"
+                  "  MISO Pin: %u\n"
+                  "  MOSI Pin: %u\n"
+                  "  CS Pin: %u",
+                  this->clk_pin_, this->miso_pin_, this->mosi_pin_, this->cs_pin_);
+    const char *spi_interface = "spi3";
+    if (this->interface_ == SPI2_HOST) {
+      spi_interface = "spi2";
+    }
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Interface: %s", spi_interface);
   }
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Interface: %s", spi_interface);
 #ifdef USE_ETHERNET_SPI_POLLING_SUPPORT
   if (this->polling_interval_ != 0) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Polling Interval: %" PRIu32 " ms", this->polling_interval_);
@@ -766,16 +809,25 @@ void EthernetComponent::start_connect_() {
 
 #ifdef USE_ETHERNET_MANUAL_IP
   if (this->manual_ip_.has_value()) {
-    LwIPLock lock;
+    // Set DNS through esp_netif so the servers are stored in the netif's own
+    // dns[] array; raw dns_setserver() would be lost when the default-route
+    // arbitration re-applies the default netif's DNS.
+    // Log-only on failure: the link still has a working IP/gateway, so degraded
+    // name resolution does not justify marking the whole component failed.
+    esp_netif_dns_info_t dns{};
     if (this->manual_ip_->dns1.is_set()) {
-      ip_addr_t d;
-      d = this->manual_ip_->dns1;
-      dns_setserver(0, &d);
+      dns.ip = this->manual_ip_->dns1;
+      err = esp_netif_set_dns_info(this->eth_netif_, ESP_NETIF_DNS_MAIN, &dns);
+      if (err != ESP_OK) {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Set main DNS failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
+      }
     }
     if (this->manual_ip_->dns2.is_set()) {
-      ip_addr_t d;
-      d = this->manual_ip_->dns2;
-      dns_setserver(1, &d);
+      dns.ip = this->manual_ip_->dns2;
+      err = esp_netif_set_dns_info(this->eth_netif_, ESP_NETIF_DNS_BACKUP, &dns);
+      if (err != ESP_OK) {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Set backup DNS failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
+      }
     }
   } else
 #endif
@@ -876,25 +928,7 @@ void EthernetComponent::dump_connect_params_() {
 #endif /* USE_NETWORK_IPV6 */
 }
 
-#ifdef USE_ETHERNET_SPI
-void EthernetComponent::set_clk_pin(uint8_t clk_pin) { this->clk_pin_ = clk_pin; }
-void EthernetComponent::set_miso_pin(uint8_t miso_pin) { this->miso_pin_ = miso_pin; }
-void EthernetComponent::set_mosi_pin(uint8_t mosi_pin) { this->mosi_pin_ = mosi_pin; }
-void EthernetComponent::set_cs_pin(uint8_t cs_pin) { this->cs_pin_ = cs_pin; }
-void EthernetComponent::set_interrupt_pin(uint8_t interrupt_pin) { this->interrupt_pin_ = interrupt_pin; }
-void EthernetComponent::set_reset_pin(uint8_t reset_pin) { this->reset_pin_ = reset_pin; }
-void EthernetComponent::set_clock_speed(int clock_speed) { this->clock_speed_ = clock_speed; }
-void EthernetComponent::set_interface(spi_host_device_t interface) { this->interface_ = interface; }
-#ifdef USE_ETHERNET_SPI_POLLING_SUPPORT
-void EthernetComponent::set_polling_interval(uint32_t polling_interval) { this->polling_interval_ = polling_interval; }
-#endif
-#else
-void EthernetComponent::set_phy_addr(uint8_t phy_addr) { this->phy_addr_ = phy_addr; }
-void EthernetComponent::set_power_pin(int power_pin) { this->power_pin_ = power_pin; }
-void EthernetComponent::set_mdc_pin(uint8_t mdc_pin) { this->mdc_pin_ = mdc_pin; }
-void EthernetComponent::set_mdio_pin(uint8_t mdio_pin) { this->mdio_pin_ = mdio_pin; }
-void EthernetComponent::set_clk_pin(uint8_t clk_pin) { this->clk_pin_ = clk_pin; }
-void EthernetComponent::set_clk_mode(emac_rmii_clock_mode_t clk_mode) { this->clk_mode_ = clk_mode; }
+#ifndef USE_ETHERNET_SPI
 void EthernetComponent::add_phy_register(PHYRegister register_value) { this->phy_registers_.push_back(register_value); }
 #endif
 
@@ -903,7 +937,7 @@ void EthernetComponent::get_eth_mac_address_raw(uint8_t *mac) {
     // External callers (mdns, ethernet_info, etc.) may ask for the MAC before/regardless
     // of whether ethernet is enabled. Use the configured MAC if set, else the system ETH MAC.
     if (this->fixed_mac_.has_value()) {
-      memcpy(mac, this->fixed_mac_->data(), 6);
+      memcpy(mac, this->fixed_mac_->data(), MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE);
     } else {
       esp_read_mac(mac, ESP_MAC_ETH);
     }
@@ -914,14 +948,9 @@ void EthernetComponent::get_eth_mac_address_raw(uint8_t *mac) {
   ESPHL_ERROR_CHECK(err, "ETH_CMD_G_MAC error");
 }
 
-std::string EthernetComponent::get_eth_mac_address_pretty() {
-  char buf[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
-  return std::string(this->get_eth_mac_address_pretty_into_buffer(buf));
-}
-
 const char *EthernetComponent::get_eth_mac_address_pretty_into_buffer(
     std::span<char, MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE> buf) {
-  uint8_t mac[6];
+  uint8_t mac[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];
   get_eth_mac_address_raw(mac);
   format_mac_addr_upper(mac, buf.data());
   return buf.data();
diff --git a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component_rp2.cpp b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component_rp2.cpp
index 4d6d6c4f5b..94d84cc891 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component_rp2.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component_rp2.cpp
@@ -245,18 +245,13 @@ void EthernetComponent::get_eth_mac_address_raw(uint8_t *mac) {
   if (this->eth_ != nullptr) {
     this->eth_->macAddress(mac);
   } else {
-    memset(mac, 0, 6);
+    memset(mac, 0, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE);
   }
 }
 
-std::string EthernetComponent::get_eth_mac_address_pretty() {
-  char buf[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
-  return std::string(this->get_eth_mac_address_pretty_into_buffer(buf));
-}
-
 const char *EthernetComponent::get_eth_mac_address_pretty_into_buffer(
     std::span<char, MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE> buf) {
-  uint8_t mac[6];
+  uint8_t mac[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];
   get_eth_mac_address_raw(mac);
   format_mac_addr_upper(mac, buf.data());
   return buf.data();
@@ -355,13 +350,6 @@ void EthernetComponent::dump_connect_params_() {
                 this->get_eth_mac_address_pretty_into_buffer(mac_buf));
 }
 
-void EthernetComponent::set_clk_pin(uint8_t clk_pin) { this->clk_pin_ = clk_pin; }
-void EthernetComponent::set_miso_pin(uint8_t miso_pin) { this->miso_pin_ = miso_pin; }
-void EthernetComponent::set_mosi_pin(uint8_t mosi_pin) { this->mosi_pin_ = mosi_pin; }
-void EthernetComponent::set_cs_pin(uint8_t cs_pin) { this->cs_pin_ = cs_pin; }
-void EthernetComponent::set_interrupt_pin(int8_t interrupt_pin) { this->interrupt_pin_ = interrupt_pin; }
-void EthernetComponent::set_reset_pin(int8_t reset_pin) { this->reset_pin_ = reset_pin; }
-
 void EthernetComponent::enable() {
   // RP2040 uses arduino-pico's LwipIntfDev which manages link state internally;
   // there is no clean enable/disable hook today. The YAML option is accepted on
diff --git a/esphome/components/ethernet_info/text_sensor.py b/esphome/components/ethernet_info/text_sensor.py
index 8c20cf332c..66483cdb85 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ethernet_info/text_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ethernet_info/text_sensor.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_MAC_ADDRESS,
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["ethernet"]
 
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # Request Ethernet IP state listener slots - one per sensor type
     if CONF_IP_ADDRESS in config:
         ethernet.request_ethernet_ip_state_listener()
diff --git a/esphome/components/event/__init__.py b/esphome/components/event/__init__.py
index e205e4b910..881107b713 100644
--- a/esphome/components/event/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/event/__init__.py
@@ -16,14 +16,15 @@ from esphome.const import (
     DEVICE_CLASS_EMPTY,
     DEVICE_CLASS_MOTION,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import (
     entity_duplicate_validator,
     queue_entity_register,
     setup_device_class,
     setup_entity,
 )
-from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, MockObjClass, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@nohat"]
 IS_PLATFORM_COMPONENT = True
@@ -93,7 +94,9 @@ _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
 
 
 @setup_entity("event")
-async def setup_event_core_(var, config, *, event_types: list[str]):
+async def setup_event_core_(
+    var: MockObj, config: ConfigType, *, event_types: list[str]
+) -> None:
     await automation.build_callback_automations(var, config, _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS)
 
     cg.add(var.set_event_types(event_types))
@@ -108,7 +111,9 @@ async def setup_event_core_(var, config, *, event_types: list[str]):
         await web_server.add_entity_config(var, web_server_config)
 
 
-async def register_event(var, config, *, event_types: list[str]):
+async def register_event(
+    var: MockObj, config: ConfigType, *, event_types: list[str]
+) -> None:
     if not CORE.has_id(config[CONF_ID]):
         var = cg.Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], var)
     queue_entity_register("event", config)
@@ -116,7 +121,7 @@ async def register_event(var, config, *, event_types: list[str]):
     await setup_event_core_(var, config, event_types=event_types)
 
 
-async def new_event(config, *, event_types: list[str]):
+async def new_event(config: ConfigType, *, event_types: list[str]) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await register_event(var, config, event_types=event_types)
     return var
@@ -133,7 +138,12 @@ TRIGGER_EVENT_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 @automation.register_action(
     "event.trigger", TriggerEventAction, TRIGGER_EVENT_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
-async def event_fire_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def event_fire_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     templ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_EVENT_TYPE], args, cg.std_string)
@@ -142,5 +152,5 @@ async def event_fire_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.CORE)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_global(event_ns.using)
diff --git a/esphome/components/exposure_notifications/__init__.py b/esphome/components/exposure_notifications/__init__.py
index ab7416a264..4f7e698e23 100644
--- a/esphome/components/exposure_notifications/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/exposure_notifications/__init__.py
@@ -1,39 +1,65 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_TRIGGER_ID
+from esphome.schema_extractors import SCHEMA_EXTRACT, schema_extractor
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@OttoWinter"]
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base"]
 
 exposure_notifications_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("exposure_notifications")
 ExposureNotification = exposure_notifications_ns.struct("ExposureNotification")
 ExposureNotificationTrigger = exposure_notifications_ns.class_(
     "ExposureNotificationTrigger",
-    esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener,
+    ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener,
     automation.Trigger.template(ExposureNotification),
 )
 
 CONF_ON_EXPOSURE_NOTIFICATION = "on_exposure_notification"
 
+_RENAME_HUB_ID = ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("exposure_notifications")
+
+_VALIDATE_AUTOMATION = automation.validate_automation(
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(ExposureNotificationTrigger),
+        }
+        # The trigger is the BLE listener, so the hub id lives on it.
+    ).extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
+)
+
+
+# validate_automation() needs a dict-based schema, so the rename cannot go
+# inside it and has to run on the option value first. That value may also be a
+# list of automations or malformed, and rename_legacy_hub_id() is dict-only, so
+# map over lists and let validate_automation() report anything else.
+# schema_extractor keeps the key typed as a trigger in the generated editor
+# schema; build_language_schema.py recurses into cv.All but not into a plain
+# function.
+@schema_extractor("automation")
+def _validate_on_exposure_notification(value: Any) -> list[ConfigType]:
+    if value is SCHEMA_EXTRACT:
+        return _VALIDATE_AUTOMATION(value)
+    if isinstance(value, dict):
+        value = _RENAME_HUB_ID(value)
+    elif isinstance(value, list):
+        value = [_RENAME_HUB_ID(v) if isinstance(v, dict) else v for v in value]
+    return _VALIDATE_AUTOMATION(value)
+
+
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
-        cv.Required(CONF_ON_EXPOSURE_NOTIFICATION): automation.validate_automation(
-            cv.Schema(
-                {
-                    cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(
-                        ExposureNotificationTrigger
-                    ),
-                }
-            ).extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
-        ),
+        cv.Required(CONF_ON_EXPOSURE_NOTIFICATION): _validate_on_exposure_notification,
     }
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_EXPOSURE_NOTIFICATION, []):
         trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID])
         await automation.build_automation(trigger, [(ExposureNotification, "x")], conf)
-        await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(trigger, conf)
+        await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(trigger, conf)
diff --git a/esphome/components/exposure_notifications/exposure_notifications.cpp b/esphome/components/exposure_notifications/exposure_notifications.cpp
index e7038d2ca9..4f4b93b59c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/exposure_notifications/exposure_notifications.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/exposure_notifications/exposure_notifications.cpp
@@ -2,11 +2,9 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::exposure_notifications {
 
-using namespace esp32_ble_tracker;
+using namespace ble_device_base;
 
 static const char *const TAG = "exposure_notifications";
 
@@ -43,5 +41,3 @@ bool ExposureNotificationTrigger::parse_device(const ESPBTDevice &device) {
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::exposure_notifications
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/exposure_notifications/exposure_notifications.h b/esphome/components/exposure_notifications/exposure_notifications.h
index 6a703a9a92..dc1241db56 100644
--- a/esphome/components/exposure_notifications/exposure_notifications.h
+++ b/esphome/components/exposure_notifications/exposure_notifications.h
@@ -2,11 +2,9 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include <array>
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::exposure_notifications {
 
 struct ExposureNotification {
@@ -17,11 +15,9 @@ struct ExposureNotification {
 };
 
 class ExposureNotificationTrigger final : public Trigger<ExposureNotification>,
-                                          public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+                                          public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::exposure_notifications
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/external_components/__init__.py b/esphome/components/external_components/__init__.py
index c892ec1112..504b1ae679 100644
--- a/esphome/components/external_components/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/external_components/__init__.py
@@ -71,6 +71,33 @@ def _process_git_config(config: dict[str, Any], refresh: TimePeriodSeconds) -> P
     return components_dir
 
 
+def _log_overridden_components(
+    conf: dict[str, Any], component_names: list[str]
+) -> None:
+    overridden = [
+        name
+        for name in component_names
+        if (loader.CORE_COMPONENTS_PATH / name / "__init__.py").is_file()
+    ]
+    if not overridden:
+        return
+    if conf[CONF_TYPE] == TYPE_GIT:
+        source = conf[CONF_URL]
+        if ref := conf.get(CONF_REF):
+            source = f"{source}@{ref}"
+        if path := conf.get(CONF_PATH):
+            source = f"{source} ({path})"
+    else:
+        source = conf[CONF_PATH]
+    _LOGGER.info(
+        "External components are overriding built-in components:\n"
+        "  source: %s\n"
+        "  components: %s",
+        source,
+        ", ".join(sorted(overridden)),
+    )
+
+
 def _process_single_config(config: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
     conf = config[CONF_SOURCE]
     if conf[CONF_TYPE] == TYPE_GIT:
@@ -84,8 +111,8 @@ def _process_single_config(config: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
         raise NotImplementedError
 
     if config[CONF_COMPONENTS] == "all":
-        num_components = len(list(components_dir.glob("*/__init__.py")))
-        if num_components > 100:
+        component_names = [p.parent.name for p in components_dir.glob("*/__init__.py")]
+        if len(component_names) > 100:
             # Prevent accidentally including all components from an esphome fork/branch
             # In this case force the user to manually specify which components they want to include
             raise cv.Invalid(
@@ -102,6 +129,9 @@ def _process_single_config(config: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
                     [CONF_COMPONENTS, i],
                 )
         allowed_components = config[CONF_COMPONENTS]
+        component_names = allowed_components
+
+    _log_overridden_components(conf, component_names)
 
     loader.install_meta_finder(components_dir, allowed_components=allowed_components)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ezo/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ezo/sensor.py
index b931885149..d1ee57a09b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ezo/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ezo/sensor.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@ssieb"]
 
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await sensor.register_sensor(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/factory_reset/__init__.py b/esphome/components/factory_reset/__init__.py
index 818a53c0ed..a9064eb18f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/factory_reset/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/factory_reset/__init__.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE
 from esphome.final_validate import full_config
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@anatoly-savchenkov"]
 
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ CONF_RESETS_REQUIRED = "resets_required"
 CONF_ON_INCREMENT = "on_increment"
 
 
-def _validate(config):
+def _validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_RESETS_REQUIRED in config:
         return cv.only_on(
             [
@@ -60,14 +61,13 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate(config):
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if CORE.is_esp8266 and CONF_RESETS_REQUIRED in config:
         fconfig = full_config.get()
         if not fconfig.get_config_for_path([KEY_ESP8266, CONF_RESTORE_FROM_FLASH]):
             raise cv.Invalid(
                 "'resets_required' needs 'restore_from_flash' to be enabled in the  'esp8266' configuration"
             )
-    return config
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if reset_count := config.get(CONF_RESETS_REQUIRED):
         var = cg.new_Pvariable(
             config[CONF_ID],
diff --git a/esphome/components/factory_reset/button/__init__.py b/esphome/components/factory_reset/button/__init__.py
index 61df5f297b..040614c151 100644
--- a/esphome/components/factory_reset/button/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/factory_reset/button/__init__.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
     ICON_RESTART_ALERT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import factory_reset_ns
 
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = button.button_schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await button.register_button(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/factory_reset/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/factory_reset/switch/__init__.py
index a384a57f80..69a635a917 100644
--- a/esphome/components/factory_reset/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/factory_reset/switch/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import switch
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG, ICON_RESTART_ALERT
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import factory_reset_ns
 
@@ -17,6 +18,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = switch.switch_schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await switch.new_switch(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/fan/fan.cpp b/esphome/components/fan/fan.cpp
index 853bf94ffe..65521e63d5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/fan/fan.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/fan/fan.cpp
@@ -153,11 +153,6 @@ void FanRestoreState::apply(Fan &fan) {
   fan.publish_state();
 }
 
-FanCall Fan::turn_on() { return this->make_call().set_state(true); }
-FanCall Fan::turn_off() { return this->make_call().set_state(false); }
-FanCall Fan::toggle() { return this->make_call().set_state(!this->state); }
-FanCall Fan::make_call() { return FanCall(*this); }
-
 const char *Fan::find_preset_mode_(const char *preset_mode) {
   return this->find_preset_mode_(preset_mode, preset_mode ? strlen(preset_mode) : 0);
 }
@@ -339,8 +334,9 @@ void Fan::dump_traits_(const char *tag, const char *prefix) {
   }
   if (traits.supports_preset_modes()) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "%s  Supported presets:", prefix);
-    for (const char *s : traits.supported_preset_modes())
+    for (const char *s : traits.supported_preset_modes()) {
       ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "%s    - %s", prefix, s);
+    }
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/fan/fan.h b/esphome/components/fan/fan.h
index 3d731e6eb0..106e6e74cd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/fan/fan.h
+++ b/esphome/components/fan/fan.h
@@ -115,10 +115,10 @@ class Fan : public EntityBase {
   /// The current direction of the fan
   FanDirection direction{FanDirection::FORWARD};
 
-  FanCall turn_on();
-  FanCall turn_off();
-  FanCall toggle();
-  FanCall make_call();
+  FanCall turn_on() { return this->make_call().set_state(true); }
+  FanCall turn_off() { return this->make_call().set_state(false); }
+  FanCall toggle() { return this->make_call().set_state(!this->state); }
+  FanCall make_call() { return FanCall(*this); }
 
   /// Register a callback that will be called each time the state changes.
   template<typename F> void add_on_state_callback(F &&callback) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/fastled_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/fastled_base/__init__.py
index a26a235da7..e2fc8578cd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/fastled_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/fastled_base/__init__.py
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_RGB_ORDER,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@OttoWinter"]
 fastled_base_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("fastled_base")
@@ -34,7 +36,7 @@ BASE_SCHEMA = light.ADDRESSABLE_LIGHT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def new_fastled_light(config):
+async def new_fastled_light(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_OUTPUT_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/fastled_clockless/light.py b/esphome/components/fastled_clockless/light.py
index aa2172bf88..56c1ee93fa 100644
--- a/esphome/components/fastled_clockless/light.py
+++ b/esphome/components/fastled_clockless/light.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_RGB_ORDER,
     Framework,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["fastled_base"]
 
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ CHIPSETS = [
 ]
 
 
-def _validate(value):
+def _validate(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if value[CONF_CHIPSET] == "NEOPIXEL" and CONF_RGB_ORDER in value:
         raise cv.Invalid("NEOPIXEL doesn't support RGB order")
     return value
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await fastled_base.new_fastled_light(config)
 
     rgb_order = None
diff --git a/esphome/components/fastled_spi/light.py b/esphome/components/fastled_spi/light.py
index e863d33846..1c6b6e7148 100644
--- a/esphome/components/fastled_spi/light.py
+++ b/esphome/components/fastled_spi/light.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_RGB_ORDER,
     Framework,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["fastled_base"]
 
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await fastled_base.new_fastled_light(config)
 
     rgb_order = cg.RawExpression(config.get(CONF_RGB_ORDER, "RGB"))
diff --git a/esphome/components/feedback/cover.py b/esphome/components/feedback/cover.py
index 856818280f..032d01c8e5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/feedback/cover.py
+++ b/esphome/components/feedback/cover.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_STOP_ACTION,
     CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_OPEN_SENSOR = "open_sensor"
 CONF_CLOSE_SENSOR = "close_sensor"
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ endstop_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("feedback")
 FeedbackCover = endstop_ns.class_("FeedbackCover", cover.Cover, cg.Component)
 
 
-def validate_infer_endstop(config):
+def validate_infer_endstop(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if config[CONF_INFER_ENDSTOP_FROM_MOVEMENT] is True:
         if config[CONF_HAS_BUILT_IN_ENDSTOP] is False:
             raise cv.Invalid(
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await cover.new_cover(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/feedback/feedback_cover.cpp b/esphome/components/feedback/feedback_cover.cpp
index 1139e6fa18..4baffc74f8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/feedback/feedback_cover.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/feedback/feedback_cover.cpp
@@ -93,7 +93,8 @@ void FeedbackCover::set_open_sensor(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *open_feedback)
 
   // setup callbacks to react to sensor changes
   open_feedback->add_on_state_callback([this](bool state) {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s' - Open feedback '%s'.", this->name_.c_str(), state ? "STARTED" : "ENDED");
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s' - Open feedback '%s'.", this->name_.c_str(),
+             state ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("STARTED") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("ENDED"));
     this->recompute_position_();
     if (!state && this->infer_endstop_ && this->current_trigger_operation_ == COVER_OPERATION_OPENING) {
       this->endstop_reached_(true);
@@ -106,7 +107,8 @@ void FeedbackCover::set_close_sensor(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *close_feedback
   this->close_feedback_ = close_feedback;
 
   close_feedback->add_on_state_callback([this](bool state) {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s' - Close feedback '%s'.", this->name_.c_str(), state ? "STARTED" : "ENDED");
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s' - Close feedback '%s'.", this->name_.c_str(),
+             state ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("STARTED") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("ENDED"));
     this->recompute_position_();
     if (!state && this->infer_endstop_ && this->current_trigger_operation_ == COVER_OPERATION_CLOSING) {
       this->endstop_reached_(false);
@@ -144,7 +146,8 @@ void FeedbackCover::endstop_reached_(bool open_endstop) {
   // from a position slightly past the endpoint
   if (this->current_trigger_operation_ == (open_endstop ? COVER_OPERATION_OPENING : COVER_OPERATION_CLOSING)) {
     float dur = (now - this->start_dir_time_) / 1e3f;
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s' - %s endstop reached. Took %.1fs.", this->name_.c_str(), open_endstop ? "Open" : "Close", dur);
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s' - %s endstop reached. Took %.1fs.", this->name_.c_str(),
+             open_endstop ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("Open") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("Close"), dur);
 
     // if there is no external mechanism, stop the cover
     if (!this->has_built_in_endstop_) {
@@ -366,7 +369,7 @@ void FeedbackCover::start_direction_(CoverOperation dir) {
   // the case when an obstacle appears while moving is handled in the callback
   if (obstacle != nullptr && obstacle->state) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s' - %s obstacle detected. Action not started.", this->name_.c_str(),
-             dir == COVER_OPERATION_OPENING ? "Open" : "Close");
+             dir == COVER_OPERATION_OPENING ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("Open") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("Close"));
     return;
   }
 #endif
@@ -383,9 +386,9 @@ void FeedbackCover::start_direction_(CoverOperation dir) {
     this->set_current_operation_(dir, true);
     this->prev_command_trigger_ = trig;
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s' - Firing '%s' trigger.", this->name_.c_str(),
-             dir == COVER_OPERATION_OPENING   ? "OPEN"
-             : dir == COVER_OPERATION_CLOSING ? "CLOSE"
-                                              : "STOP");
+             dir == COVER_OPERATION_OPENING   ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("OPEN")
+             : dir == COVER_OPERATION_CLOSING ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("CLOSE")
+                                              : LOG_STR_LITERAL("STOP"));
     trig->trigger();
   }
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/file/image.py b/esphome/components/file/image.py
index 9a7c762a79..7cef7c754a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/file/image.py
+++ b/esphome/components/file/image.py
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import contextlib
-import hashlib
 import io
 import logging
 from pathlib import Path
 import re
+from typing import Any
 
 from PIL import Image, UnidentifiedImageError
 
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ from esphome.components.image import (
     get_image_type_enum,
     get_transparency_enum,
     is_svg_file,
+    validate_byte_order,
     validate_settings,
     validate_transparency,
     validate_type,
@@ -43,15 +44,13 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, HexInt
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, MockObjClass
+from esphome.external_files import RemoteFile
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
-# If the MDI file cannot be downloaded within this time, abort.
-IMAGE_DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT = 30  # seconds
-
 SOURCE_LOCAL = "local"
 SOURCE_WEB = "web"
 
@@ -65,53 +64,93 @@ MDI_SOURCES = {
     SOURCE_MEMORY: "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Pictogrammers/Memory/refs/heads/main/src/svg/",
 }
 
+# Shared by the schema validator and the prefetch extractor so they cannot
+# drift.
+_MDI_ICON_RE = re.compile(r"^[a-zA-Z0-9\-]+$")
 
-def compute_local_image_path(value) -> Path:
+
+def compute_local_image_path(value: str | ConfigType) -> Path:
     url = value[CONF_URL] if isinstance(value, dict) else value
-    h = hashlib.new("sha256")
-    h.update(url.encode())
-    key = h.hexdigest()[:8]
     # Downloaded files are cached under the shared `image` domain directory so
     # the cache location is unaffected by which platform requested the file.
-    base_dir = external_files.compute_local_file_dir(DOMAIN)
-    return base_dir / key
+    return external_files.compute_local_file_path(DOMAIN, url)
 
 
-def local_path(value):
+def local_path(value: str | ConfigType) -> str:
     value = value[CONF_PATH] if isinstance(value, dict) else value
     return str(CORE.relative_config_path(value))
 
 
-def download_file(url, path):
-    external_files.download_content(url, path, IMAGE_DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT)
+def download_file(url: str, path: Path) -> str:
+    # The shared NETWORK_TIMEOUT applies; a per-caller timeout would be
+    # silently ignored on a per-run memo hit anyway (memos key by path).
+    external_files.download_content(url, path)
     return str(path)
 
 
-def download_gh_svg(value, source):
-    mdi_id = value[CONF_ICON] if isinstance(value, dict) else value
+def _gh_svg_url_path(mdi_id: str, source: str) -> tuple[str, Path]:
     base_dir = external_files.compute_local_file_dir(DOMAIN) / source
-    path = base_dir / f"{mdi_id}.svg"
+    return MDI_SOURCES[source] + mdi_id + ".svg", base_dir / f"{mdi_id}.svg"
 
-    url = MDI_SOURCES[source] + mdi_id + ".svg"
+
+def download_gh_svg(value: str | ConfigType, source: str) -> str:
+    mdi_id = value[CONF_ICON] if isinstance(value, dict) else value
+    url, path = _gh_svg_url_path(mdi_id, source)
     return download_file(url, path)
 
 
-def download_image(value):
+def download_image(value: str | ConfigType) -> str:
     value = value[CONF_URL] if isinstance(value, dict) else value
     return download_file(value, compute_local_image_path(value))
 
 
-def validate_file_shorthand(value):
-    value = cv.string_strict(value)
+def _parse_remote_shorthand(value: str) -> RemoteFile | None:
+    """Parse a string `file:` shorthand to its remote file; None if local.
+
+    Raises cv.Invalid for a malformed icon name. Shared by the schema
+    validator and the prefetch extractor so they cannot drift.
+    """
     parts = value.strip().split(":")
     if len(parts) == 2 and parts[0] in MDI_SOURCES:
-        match = re.match(r"^[a-zA-Z0-9\-]+$", parts[1])
-        if match is None:
+        if _MDI_ICON_RE.match(parts[1]) is None:
             raise cv.Invalid(f"Could not parse mdi icon name from '{value}'.")
-        return download_gh_svg(parts[1], parts[0])
-
+        return RemoteFile(*_gh_svg_url_path(parts[1], parts[0]))
     if value.startswith(("http://", "https://")):
-        return download_image(value)
+        return RemoteFile(value, compute_local_image_path(value))
+    return None
+
+
+def _extract_file_ref(value: object) -> RemoteFile | None:
+    """Map a raw, pre-schema `file:` value to its remote file.
+
+    Returns None for local files and anything it does not recognize; the
+    schema validators stay authoritative.
+    """
+    if isinstance(value, str):
+        try:
+            return _parse_remote_shorthand(value)
+        except cv.Invalid:
+            return None
+    if isinstance(value, dict):
+        source = value.get(CONF_SOURCE)
+        if source == SOURCE_WEB and isinstance(url := value.get(CONF_URL), str):
+            return RemoteFile(url, compute_local_image_path(url))
+        if source in MDI_SOURCES and isinstance(icon := value.get(CONF_ICON), str):
+            return RemoteFile(*_gh_svg_url_path(icon, source))
+    return None
+
+
+def _extract_entry_ref(entry: ConfigType) -> RemoteFile | None:
+    return _extract_file_ref(entry.get(CONF_FILE))
+
+
+PREFETCH_FILES = external_files.single_stage_prefetch(_extract_entry_ref)
+
+
+def validate_file_shorthand(value: Any) -> str:
+    value = cv.string_strict(value)
+    if (remote := _parse_remote_shorthand(value)) is not None:
+        return download_file(remote.url, remote.path)
 
     value = cv.file_(value)
     return local_path(value)
@@ -125,8 +164,8 @@ LOCAL_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def mdi_schema(source):
-    def validate_mdi(value):
+def mdi_schema(source: str) -> cv.All:
+    def validate_mdi(value: ConfigType) -> str:
         return download_gh_svg(value, source)
 
     return cv.All(
@@ -163,7 +202,7 @@ OPTIONS_SCHEMA = {
         "NONE", "FLOYDSTEINBERG", upper=True
     ),
     cv.Optional(CONF_INVERT_ALPHA, default=False): cv.boolean,
-    cv.Optional(CONF_BYTE_ORDER): cv.one_of("BIG_ENDIAN", "LITTLE_ENDIAN", upper=True),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_BYTE_ORDER): validate_byte_order,
     cv.Optional(CONF_TRANSPARENCY, default=CONF_OPAQUE): validate_transparency(),
 }
 
@@ -188,7 +227,7 @@ def image_schema(class_: MockObjClass = Image_) -> cv.Schema:
     )
 
 
-def validate_image_final(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+def validate_image_final(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     """Per-entry final validation, shared by file-backed image platforms.
 
     For LVGL 9 the default byte order for RGB565 images is little-endian, so
@@ -203,7 +242,6 @@ def validate_image_final(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
             )
     else:
         config[CONF_BYTE_ORDER] = "LITTLE_ENDIAN"
-    return config
 
 
 async def new_image(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
@@ -222,7 +260,9 @@ async def new_image(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     return var
 
 
-async def write_image(config, all_frames=False):
+async def write_image(
+    config: ConfigType, all_frames: bool = False
+) -> tuple[MockObj, int, int, MockObj, MockObj, int]:
     path = Path(config[CONF_FILE])
     if not path.is_file():
         raise core.EsphomeError(f"Could not load image file {path}")
diff --git a/esphome/components/fingerprint_grow/fingerprint_grow.cpp b/esphome/components/fingerprint_grow/fingerprint_grow.cpp
index b38d42191b..07630f121a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/fingerprint_grow/fingerprint_grow.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/fingerprint_grow/fingerprint_grow.cpp
@@ -547,8 +547,8 @@ void FingerprintGrowComponent::dump_config() {
                 "  System Identifier Code: 0x%.4X\n"
                 "  Touch Sensing Pin: %s\n"
                 "  Sensor Power Pin: %s",
-                this->system_identifier_code_, this->has_sensing_pin_ ? sensing_pin_buf : "None",
-                this->has_power_pin_ ? power_pin_buf : "None");
+                this->system_identifier_code_, this->has_sensing_pin_ ? sensing_pin_buf : LOG_STR_LITERAL("None"),
+                this->has_power_pin_ ? power_pin_buf : LOG_STR_LITERAL("None"));
   if (this->idle_period_to_sleep_ms_ < UINT32_MAX) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Idle Period to Sleep: %" PRIu32 " ms", this->idle_period_to_sleep_ms_);
   } else {
diff --git a/esphome/components/font/__init__.py b/esphome/components/font/__init__.py
index 7510f2f8b6..918fde5dbd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/font/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/font/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
-from collections.abc import MutableMapping
+from collections.abc import Iterable, MutableMapping
 import functools
-import hashlib
 from itertools import accumulate
 import logging
 from pathlib import Path
@@ -17,7 +16,6 @@ from freetype import (
     FT_Exception,
     ft_pixel_mode_mono,
 )
-import requests
 
 from esphome import external_files
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -36,6 +34,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_WEIGHT,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, HexInt
+from esphome.external_files import RemoteFile
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -295,45 +294,80 @@ def validate_weight_name(value):
     return FONT_WEIGHTS[cv.one_of(*FONT_WEIGHTS, lower=True, space="-")(value)]
 
 
-def _compute_local_font_path(value: dict) -> Path:
-    url = value[CONF_URL]
-    h = hashlib.new("sha256")
-    h.update(url.encode())
-    key = h.hexdigest()[:8]
-    base_dir = external_files.compute_local_file_dir(DOMAIN)
-    _LOGGER.debug("_compute_local_font_path: %s", base_dir / key)
-    return base_dir / key
+def _web_font_path(value: dict) -> Path:
+    return external_files.compute_local_file_path(DOMAIN, value[CONF_URL]) / "font.ttf"
 
 
-def download_gfont(value):
+def _gfonts_css_url(value: dict) -> str:
+    return (
+        f"https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family={value[CONF_FAMILY]}"
+        f":ital,wght@{int(value[CONF_ITALIC])},{value[CONF_WEIGHT]}"
+    )
+
+
+def _gfonts_cache_path(value: dict, suffix: str) -> Path:
+    name = f"{value[CONF_FAMILY]}@{value[CONF_WEIGHT]}@{value[CONF_ITALIC]}@v1"
+    return external_files.compute_local_file_dir(DOMAIN) / f"{name}.{suffix}"
+
+
+def _gfonts_ttf_path(value: dict) -> Path:
+    return _gfonts_cache_path(value, "ttf")
+
+
+def _gfonts_css_path(value: dict) -> Path:
+    return _gfonts_cache_path(value, "css")
+
+
+def _parse_gfonts_css(css: str) -> str | None:
+    """Extract the truetype URL from a Google Fonts CSS response."""
+    match = re.search(r"src:\s+url\((.+)\)\s+format\('truetype'\);", css)
+    return match.group(1) if match else None
+
+
+def download_gfont(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if value in FONT_CACHE:
         return value
-    name = (
-        f"{value[CONF_FAMILY]}:ital,wght@{int(value[CONF_ITALIC])},{value[CONF_WEIGHT]}"
-    )
-    url = f"https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family={name}"
-    path = (
-        external_files.compute_local_file_dir(DOMAIN)
-        / f"{value[CONF_FAMILY]}@{value[CONF_WEIGHT]}@{value[CONF_ITALIC]}@v1.ttf"
-    )
+    path = _gfonts_ttf_path(value)
     if not external_files.is_file_recent(path, value[CONF_REFRESH]):
         _LOGGER.debug("download_gfont: path=%s", path)
+        url = _gfonts_css_url(value)
+        css_path = _gfonts_css_path(value)
         try:
-            req = requests.get(url, timeout=external_files.NETWORK_TIMEOUT)
-            req.raise_for_status()
-        except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
+            css_bytes = external_files.download_content(url, css_path)
+        except cv.Invalid as e:
             raise cv.Invalid(
                 f"Could not download font at {url}, please check the fonts exists "
                 f"at google fonts ({e})"
             ) from e
-        match = re.search(r"src:\s+url\((.+)\)\s+format\('truetype'\);", req.text)
-        if match is None:
+        if not (
+            external_files.is_fresh_this_run(css_path) or CORE.skip_external_update
+        ):
+            # Same rule as PREFETCH_FILES stage two: a CSS body that could
+            # not be revalidated may name a rotated ttf URL. Use the cached
+            # font instead (the failed check already warned).
+            if path.exists():
+                FONT_CACHE[value] = path
+                return value
             raise cv.Invalid(
-                f"Could not extract ttf file from gfonts response for {name}, "
-                f"please report this."
+                f"Could not refresh the Google Fonts CSS for "
+                f"{value[CONF_FAMILY]} and no cached font is available"
+            )
+        try:
+            css = css_bytes.decode("utf-8")
+        except UnicodeDecodeError as e:
+            # Do not leave an unusable body in the cache to be served again.
+            css_path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"Bad response from Google Fonts for {value[CONF_FAMILY]}: "
+                f"not a text document"
+            ) from e
+        ttf_url = _parse_gfonts_css(css)
+        if ttf_url is None:
+            css_path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"Could not extract ttf file from gfonts response for "
+                f"{value[CONF_FAMILY]}, please report this."
             )
-
-        ttf_url = match.group(1)
         _LOGGER.debug("download_gfont: ttf_url=%s", ttf_url)
 
         external_files.download_content(ttf_url, path)
@@ -344,11 +378,11 @@ def download_gfont(value):
     return value
 
 
-def download_web_font(value):
+def download_web_font(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if value in FONT_CACHE:
         return value
     url = value[CONF_URL]
-    path = _compute_local_font_path(value) / "font.ttf"
+    path = _web_font_path(value)
 
     external_files.download_content(url, path)
     _LOGGER.debug("download_web_font: path=%s", path)
@@ -356,13 +390,18 @@ def download_web_font(value):
     return value
 
 
+# Shared by the schema and the prefetch extractor so they cannot drift.
+_DEFAULT_WEIGHT = "regular"
+_DEFAULT_ITALIC = False
+_DEFAULT_REFRESH = "1d"
+_WEIGHT_VALIDATOR = cv.Any(cv.int_, validate_weight_name)
+_REFRESH_VALIDATOR = cv.All(cv.string, cv.source_refresh)
+
 EXTERNAL_FONT_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
-        cv.Optional(CONF_WEIGHT, default="regular"): cv.Any(
-            cv.int_, validate_weight_name
-        ),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_ITALIC, default=False): cv.boolean,
-        cv.Optional(CONF_REFRESH, default="1d"): cv.All(cv.string, cv.source_refresh),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_WEIGHT, default=_DEFAULT_WEIGHT): _WEIGHT_VALIDATOR,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ITALIC, default=_DEFAULT_ITALIC): cv.boolean,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_REFRESH, default=_DEFAULT_REFRESH): _REFRESH_VALIDATOR,
     }
 )
 
@@ -385,36 +424,123 @@ WEB_FONT_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def validate_file_shorthand(value):
-    value = cv.string_strict(value)
+_GFONTS_SHORTHAND_RE = re.compile(r"^gfonts://([^@]+)(@.+)?$")
+
+
+def _shorthand_to_file_dict(value: str) -> ConfigType | None:
+    """Typed-dict form of a remote font shorthand.
+
+    Shared by the schema validator and the prefetch extractor so the two
+    cannot drift. Returns None for values that are not remote shorthand
+    (i.e. local paths); raises cv.Invalid for a malformed gfonts shorthand.
+    """
     if value.startswith("gfonts://"):
-        match = re.match(r"^gfonts://([^@]+)(@.+)?$", value)
-        if match is None:
+        if (match := _GFONTS_SHORTHAND_RE.match(value)) is None:
             raise cv.Invalid("Could not parse gfonts shorthand syntax, please check it")
-        family = match.group(1)
-        weight = match.group(2)
-        data = {
+        data = {CONF_TYPE: TYPE_GFONTS, CONF_FAMILY: match.group(1)}
+        if match.group(2):
+            data[CONF_WEIGHT] = match.group(2)[1:]
+        return data
+    if value.startswith(("http://", "https://")):
+        return {CONF_TYPE: TYPE_WEB, CONF_URL: value}
+    return None
+
+
+def _extract_remote_font(value: object) -> ConfigType | None:
+    """Map a raw, pre-schema font `file:` value to a normalized remote spec.
+
+    Read-only mirror of `validate_file_shorthand` / `TYPED_FILE_SCHEMA` for
+    the prefetch hooks; returns None for local fonts and anything it does
+    not recognize. A wrong answer only wastes or misses a prefetch, the
+    schema validators stay authoritative.
+    """
+    if isinstance(value, str):
+        try:
+            value = _shorthand_to_file_dict(value)
+        except cv.Invalid:
+            return None
+    if not isinstance(value, dict):
+        return None
+    font_type = value.get(CONF_TYPE)
+    if font_type == TYPE_WEB and isinstance(url := value.get(CONF_URL), str):
+        return {CONF_TYPE: TYPE_WEB, CONF_URL: url}
+    if font_type == TYPE_GFONTS and isinstance(family := value.get(CONF_FAMILY), str):
+        try:
+            italic = cv.boolean(value.get(CONF_ITALIC, _DEFAULT_ITALIC))
+            weight = _WEIGHT_VALIDATOR(value.get(CONF_WEIGHT, _DEFAULT_WEIGHT))
+            refresh = _REFRESH_VALIDATOR(value.get(CONF_REFRESH, _DEFAULT_REFRESH))
+        except cv.Invalid:
+            return None
+        return {
             CONF_TYPE: TYPE_GFONTS,
             CONF_FAMILY: family,
+            CONF_WEIGHT: weight,
+            CONF_ITALIC: italic,
+            CONF_REFRESH: refresh,
         }
-        if weight is not None:
-            data[CONF_WEIGHT] = weight[1:]
-        return font_file_schema(data)
+    return None
 
-    if value.startswith(("http://", "https://")):
-        return font_file_schema(
-            {
-                CONF_TYPE: TYPE_WEB,
-                CONF_URL: value,
-            }
-        )
 
-    return font_file_schema(
-        {
-            CONF_TYPE: TYPE_LOCAL,
-            CONF_PATH: value,
-        }
-    )
+def _iter_remote_specs(entries: list[ConfigType]) -> Iterable[ConfigType]:
+    """Yield the remote spec of every `file:` value, including extras."""
+    for entry in entries:
+        values = [entry.get(CONF_FILE)]
+        extras = entry.get(CONF_EXTRAS)
+        if isinstance(extras, dict):
+            # The schema runs cv.ensure_list on extras, so a bare mapping
+            # is valid raw config; mirror that normalization here.
+            extras = [extras]
+        if isinstance(extras, list):
+            values.extend(
+                extra.get(CONF_FILE) for extra in extras if isinstance(extra, dict)
+            )
+        for value in values:
+            if (spec := _extract_remote_font(value)) is not None:
+                yield spec
+
+
+def PREFETCH_FILES(entries: list[ConfigType]) -> Iterable[list[RemoteFile]]:
+    """Batch-download hook: web fonts, then Google Fonts CSS, then ttf.
+
+    Stage one fetches web fonts and the CSS of stale gfonts; stage two
+    parses the now-cached CSS for the ttf URLs it names.
+    """
+    stage1: list[RemoteFile] = []
+    # Keyed by cache path: the same font at several sizes is one download,
+    # one freshness stat, and one stage-two CSS parse.
+    stale_gfonts: dict[Path, ConfigType] = {}
+    seen_web: set[Path] = set()
+    for spec in _iter_remote_specs(entries):
+        if spec[CONF_TYPE] == TYPE_WEB:
+            if (path := _web_font_path(spec)) not in seen_web:
+                seen_web.add(path)
+                stage1.append(RemoteFile(spec[CONF_URL], path))
+        elif (css_path := _gfonts_css_path(spec)) not in stale_gfonts and (
+            not external_files.is_file_recent(
+                _gfonts_ttf_path(spec), spec[CONF_REFRESH]
+            )
+        ):
+            stale_gfonts[css_path] = spec
+            stage1.append(RemoteFile(_gfonts_css_url(spec), css_path))
+    yield stage1
+
+    yield [
+        RemoteFile(ttf_url, _gfonts_ttf_path(spec))
+        for css_path, spec in stale_gfonts.items()
+        # Only trust CSS that stage one actually refreshed this run; a
+        # leftover from an earlier run may name a rotated ttf URL.
+        if external_files.is_fresh_this_run(css_path)
+        and css_path.exists()
+        and (ttf_url := _parse_gfonts_css(css_path.read_text("utf-8", "replace")))
+        is not None
+    ]
+
+
+def validate_file_shorthand(value: object) -> ConfigType:
+    value = cv.string_strict(value)
+    if (data := _shorthand_to_file_dict(value)) is None:
+        data = {CONF_TYPE: TYPE_LOCAL, CONF_PATH: value}
+    return font_file_schema(data)
 
 
 TYPED_FILE_SCHEMA = cv.typed_schema(
diff --git a/esphome/components/fs3000/sensor.py b/esphome/components/fs3000/sensor.py
index a168a36c31..8c389a2593 100644
--- a/esphome/components/fs3000/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/fs3000/sensor.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_MODEL, DEVICE_CLASS_WIND_SPEED, STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kahrendt"]
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ft5x06/touchscreen/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ft5x06/touchscreen/__init__.py
index e94791da4e..3ebff693c0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ft5x06/touchscreen/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ft5x06/touchscreen/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, touchscreen
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import ft5x06_ns
 
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = touchscreen.TOUCHSCREEN_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x48))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
     await touchscreen.register_touchscreen(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ft63x6/touchscreen.py b/esphome/components/ft63x6/touchscreen.py
index 7615b3046f..0d8537bde9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ft63x6/touchscreen.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ft63x6/touchscreen.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, touchscreen
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN, CONF_RESET_PIN, CONF_THRESHOLD
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@gpambrozio"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = touchscreen.TOUCHSCREEN_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await touchscreen.register_touchscreen(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/fujitsu_general/climate.py b/esphome/components/fujitsu_general/climate.py
index a104eafbcc..c2c41730e3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/fujitsu_general/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/fujitsu_general/climate.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 
@@ -11,5 +12,5 @@ FujitsuGeneralClimate = fujitsu_general_ns.class_(
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(FujitsuGeneralClimate)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/gcja5/sensor.py b/esphome/components/gcja5/sensor.py
index e4de7721c6..49907443ff 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gcja5/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/gcja5/sensor.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_MICROGRAMS_PER_CUBIC_METER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@gcormier"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
@@ -111,7 +112,7 @@ TYPES = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/gdk101/__init__.py b/esphome/components/gdk101/__init__.py
index 878f27bc44..f98af3f863 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gdk101/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/gdk101/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@Szewcson"]
 
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/gdk101/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/gdk101/binary_sensor.py
index a80487977f..14f5fa0e1c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gdk101/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/gdk101/binary_sensor.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
     ICON_VIBRATE,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_GDK101_ID, GDK101Component
 
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_GDK101_ID])
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config[CONF_VIBRATIONS])
     cg.add(hub.set_vibration_binary_sensor(var))
diff --git a/esphome/components/gdk101/sensor.py b/esphome/components/gdk101/sensor.py
index 6cf89e0fd4..4ed081a7be 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gdk101/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/gdk101/sensor.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_MICROSILVERTS_PER_HOUR,
     UNIT_SECOND,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_GDK101_ID, GDK101Component
 
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_GDK101_ID])
 
     if radiation_dose_per_1m := config.get(CONF_RADIATION_DOSE_PER_1M):
diff --git a/esphome/components/gdk101/text_sensor.py b/esphome/components/gdk101/text_sensor.py
index 703e68493a..bdef2466df 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gdk101/text_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/gdk101/text_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_VERSION, ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC, ICON_CHIP
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_GDK101_ID, GDK101Component
 
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_GDK101_ID])
     var = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(config[CONF_VERSION])
     cg.add(hub.set_fw_version_text_sensor(var))
diff --git a/esphome/components/gl_r01_i2c/sensor.py b/esphome/components/gl_r01_i2c/sensor.py
index 6a8d47213c..73f7339e66 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gl_r01_i2c/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/gl_r01_i2c/sensor.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_MILLIMETER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@pkejval"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await sensor.register_sensor(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/globals/__init__.py b/esphome/components/globals/__init__.py
index 46725fe6dd..bd6bc5f783 100644
--- a/esphome/components/globals/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/globals/__init__.py
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TYPE,
     CONF_VALUE,
 )
-from esphome.core import CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import ID, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = _globals_schema
 
 # Run with low priority so that namespaces are registered first
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.LATE)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     type_ = cg.RawExpression(config[CONF_TYPE])
     restore = config[CONF_RESTORE_VALUE]
 
@@ -104,7 +105,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def globals_set_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def globals_set_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     full_id, paren = await cg.get_variable_with_full_id(config[CONF_ID])
     template_arg = cg.TemplateArguments(full_id.type, *template_arg)
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
diff --git a/esphome/components/gp2y1010au0f/sensor.py b/esphome/components/gp2y1010au0f/sensor.py
index 4ff8a38226..3121aa1de5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gp2y1010au0f/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/gp2y1010au0f/sensor.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_MICROGRAMS_PER_CUBIC_METER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["output"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["voltage_sampler"]
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/gp8403/__init__.py b/esphome/components/gp8403/__init__.py
index 83859a4030..17c88b6875 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gp8403/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/gp8403/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_MODEL, CONF_VOLTAGE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz", "@sebydocky"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/gp8403/output/__init__.py b/esphome/components/gp8403/output/__init__.py
index 5245c405db..432f387b1b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gp8403/output/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/gp8403/output/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_GP8403_ID, GP8403Component, gp8403_ns
 
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await output.register_output(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/gpio/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/gpio/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index 43358baedb..8a40e4e732 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gpio/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/gpio/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_PIN,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import gpio_ns
 
@@ -68,10 +69,10 @@ def _pin_shared_only_with_deep_sleep(pin_num: int) -> bool:
     return any(path and path[0] == "deep_sleep" for path, _, _ in pin_users)
 
 
-def _final_validate(config):
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     use_interrupt = config[CONF_USE_INTERRUPT]
     if not use_interrupt:
-        return config
+        return
 
     # Expander pins (e.g. PCF8574, MCP23017) don't support direct interrupt
     # attachment — only internal/native GPIO pins do.
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ def _final_validate(config):
             config.get(CONF_NAME, config[CONF_ID]),
         )
         config[CONF_USE_INTERRUPT] = False
-        return config
+        return
 
     pin_num = config[CONF_PIN][CONF_NUMBER]
 
@@ -96,7 +97,7 @@ def _final_validate(config):
             config.get(CONF_NAME, config[CONF_ID]),
         )
         config[CONF_USE_INTERRUPT] = False
-        return config
+        return
 
     # When a pin is shared, interrupts can interfere with other components
     # (e.g., duty_cycle sensor) that need to monitor the pin's state changes.
@@ -120,13 +121,11 @@ def _final_validate(config):
                 pin_num,
             )
 
-    return config
-
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
@@ -134,6 +133,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     cg.add(var.set_pin(pin))
 
     if config[CONF_USE_INTERRUPT]:
+        cg.add_define("USE_GPIO_BINARY_SENSOR_INTERRUPT")
         cg.add(var.set_interrupt_type(config[CONF_INTERRUPT_TYPE]))
     else:
         cg.add(var.set_use_interrupt(False))
diff --git a/esphome/components/gpio/binary_sensor/gpio_binary_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/gpio/binary_sensor/gpio_binary_sensor.cpp
index ff07d76901..9d044dca2d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gpio/binary_sensor/gpio_binary_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/gpio/binary_sensor/gpio_binary_sensor.cpp
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ namespace esphome::gpio {
 static const char *const TAG = "gpio.binary_sensor";
 
 #if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
+#ifdef USE_GPIO_BINARY_SENSOR_INTERRUPT
 // Interrupt type strings indexed by edge-triggered InterruptType values:
 // indices 1-3: RISING_EDGE, FALLING_EDGE, ANY_EDGE; other values (e.g. level-triggered) map to UNKNOWN (index 0).
 PROGMEM_STRING_TABLE(InterruptTypeStrings, "UNKNOWN", "RISING_EDGE", "FALLING_EDGE", "ANY_EDGE");
@@ -19,7 +20,9 @@ static const LogString *gpio_mode_to_string(bool use_interrupt) {
   return use_interrupt ? LOG_STR("interrupt") : LOG_STR("polling");
 }
 #endif
+#endif
 
+#ifdef USE_GPIO_BINARY_SENSOR_INTERRUPT
 void IRAM_ATTR GPIOBinarySensorStore::gpio_intr(GPIOBinarySensorStore *arg) {
   bool new_state = arg->isr_pin_.digital_read();
   if (new_state != arg->state_) {
@@ -43,28 +46,36 @@ void GPIOBinarySensorStore::setup(InternalGPIOPin *pin, Component *component) {
   // Attach interrupt - from this point on, any changes will be caught by the interrupt
   pin->attach_interrupt(&GPIOBinarySensorStore::gpio_intr, this, this->interrupt_type_);
 }
+#endif  // USE_GPIO_BINARY_SENSOR_INTERRUPT
 
 void GPIOBinarySensor::setup() {
+#ifdef USE_GPIO_BINARY_SENSOR_INTERRUPT
   if (this->store_.use_interrupt_) {
     auto *internal_pin = static_cast<InternalGPIOPin *>(this->pin_);
     this->store_.setup(internal_pin, this);
     this->publish_initial_state(this->store_.get_state());
-  } else {
-    this->pin_->setup();
-    this->publish_initial_state(this->pin_->digital_read());
+    return;
   }
+#endif
+  this->pin_->setup();
+  this->publish_initial_state(this->pin_->digital_read());
 }
 
 void GPIOBinarySensor::dump_config() {
   LOG_BINARY_SENSOR("", "GPIO Binary Sensor", this);
   LOG_PIN("  Pin: ", this->pin_);
+#ifdef USE_GPIO_BINARY_SENSOR_INTERRUPT
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Mode: %s", LOG_STR_ARG(gpio_mode_to_string(this->store_.use_interrupt_)));
   if (this->store_.use_interrupt_) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Interrupt Type: %s", LOG_STR_ARG(interrupt_type_to_string(this->store_.interrupt_type_)));
   }
+#else
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Mode: polling");
+#endif
 }
 
 void GPIOBinarySensor::loop() {
+#ifdef USE_GPIO_BINARY_SENSOR_INTERRUPT
   if (this->store_.use_interrupt_) {
     if (this->store_.is_changed()) {
       // Clear the flag immediately to minimize the window where we might miss changes
@@ -78,9 +89,10 @@ void GPIOBinarySensor::loop() {
       // No changes, disable the loop until the next interrupt
       this->disable_loop();
     }
-  } else {
-    this->publish_state(this->pin_->digital_read());
+    return;
   }
+#endif
+  this->publish_state(this->pin_->digital_read());
 }
 
 float GPIOBinarySensor::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::HARDWARE; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/gpio/binary_sensor/gpio_binary_sensor.h b/esphome/components/gpio/binary_sensor/gpio_binary_sensor.h
index 100edb4cca..956443fab5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gpio/binary_sensor/gpio_binary_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/gpio/binary_sensor/gpio_binary_sensor.h
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h"
@@ -10,6 +11,7 @@ namespace esphome::gpio {
 // Store class for ISR data and configuration (no vtables, ISR-safe)
 class GPIOBinarySensorStore {
  public:
+#ifdef USE_GPIO_BINARY_SENSOR_INTERRUPT
   void setup(InternalGPIOPin *pin, Component *component);
 
   static void gpio_intr(GPIOBinarySensorStore *arg);
@@ -29,15 +31,18 @@ class GPIOBinarySensorStore {
     // Separate method to clear the flag
     this->changed_ = false;
   }
+#endif
 
  protected:
   friend class GPIOBinarySensor;
+#ifdef USE_GPIO_BINARY_SENSOR_INTERRUPT
   ISRInternalGPIOPin isr_pin_;
   Component *component_{nullptr};  // Pointer to the component for enable_loop_soon_any_context()
   volatile bool state_{false};
   volatile bool changed_{false};
-  bool use_interrupt_{true};
   gpio::InterruptType interrupt_type_{gpio::INTERRUPT_ANY_EDGE};
+  bool use_interrupt_{true};
+#endif
 };
 
 class GPIOBinarySensor final : public binary_sensor::BinarySensor, public Component {
@@ -46,8 +51,14 @@ class GPIOBinarySensor final : public binary_sensor::BinarySensor, public Compon
   // Interrupts are only detached on reboot when memory is cleared anyway.
 
   void set_pin(GPIOPin *pin) { this->pin_ = pin; }
+#ifdef USE_GPIO_BINARY_SENSOR_INTERRUPT
   void set_use_interrupt(bool use_interrupt) { this->store_.use_interrupt_ = use_interrupt; }
   void set_interrupt_type(gpio::InterruptType type) { this->store_.interrupt_type_ = type; }
+#else
+  // Polling-only build: codegen still emits set_use_interrupt(false) calls,
+  // so keep the setter as an inlined no-op instead of storing the flag.
+  void set_use_interrupt(bool /*use_interrupt*/) {}
+#endif
   // ========== INTERNAL METHODS ==========
   // (In most use cases you won't need these)
   /// Setup pin
diff --git a/esphome/components/gpio/one_wire/__init__.py b/esphome/components/gpio/one_wire/__init__.py
index e2bb94dd66..feb8b53dff 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gpio/one_wire/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/gpio/one_wire/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components.one_wire import OneWireBus
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import gpio_ns
 
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/gpio/one_wire/gpio_one_wire.cpp b/esphome/components/gpio/one_wire/gpio_one_wire.cpp
index 1fecfbf0dd..f445efeca3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gpio/one_wire/gpio_one_wire.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/gpio/one_wire/gpio_one_wire.cpp
@@ -55,8 +55,11 @@ int HOT IRAM_ATTR GPIOOneWireBus::reset_int() {
     delayMicroseconds(1);
   }
 
-  // delay J
-  delayMicroseconds(start + 480 - micros());
+  // delay J: finish the 480us slot, but never spin if it already elapsed
+  // (unsigned wrap here would busy-wait for minutes with interrupts off)
+  uint32_t elapsed = micros() - start;
+  if (elapsed < 480)
+    delayMicroseconds(480 - elapsed);
   this->pin_.digital_write(true);
   this->pin_.pin_mode(gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT);
   return r ? 1 : 0;
diff --git a/esphome/components/gpio/output/__init__.py b/esphome/components/gpio/output/__init__.py
index 786e04bac0..ab242c643f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gpio/output/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/gpio/output/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import gpio_ns
 
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.BINARY_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await output.register_output(var, config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/gpio/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/gpio/switch/__init__.py
index 9462cd0161..2e0b0969bc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gpio/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/gpio/switch/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import switch
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_INTERLOCK, CONF_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import gpio_ns
 
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await switch.new_switch(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/gpio_expander/__init__.py b/esphome/components/gpio_expander/__init__.py
index e69de29bb2..0c7199b6df 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gpio_expander/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/gpio_expander/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+from esphome import pins
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_ALLOW_OTHER_USES, CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN, CONF_INVERTED
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+
+def validate_interrupt_pin(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    # The expander components own INT polarity (active-low, hardcoded falling-edge ISR)
+    # and install a single ISR per GPIO, so neither inversion nor sharing is supported.
+    value = pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_schema(value)
+    if value.get(CONF_INVERTED):
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"'{CONF_INVERTED}: true' is not supported on '{CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN}'; "
+            "the expander INT line is fixed active-low"
+        )
+    if value.get(CONF_ALLOW_OTHER_USES):
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"'{CONF_ALLOW_OTHER_USES}: true' is not supported on '{CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN}'; "
+            "sharing the interrupt pin between multiple components is not implemented. "
+            f"Remove the '{CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN}' to fall back to polling."
+        )
+    return value
diff --git a/esphome/components/gps/__init__.py b/esphome/components/gps/__init__.py
index ab48417a4e..94a36a0afa 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gps/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/gps/__init__.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_KILOMETER_PER_HOUR,
     UNIT_METER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_GPS_ID = "gps_id"
 CONF_HDOP = "hdop"
@@ -93,7 +94,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema("gps", require_rx=True)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/gps/time/__init__.py b/esphome/components/gps/time/__init__.py
index bdeeb86e00..faa06e6ae3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gps/time/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/gps/time/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import time as time_
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_GPS_ID, GPS, GPSListener, gps_ns
 
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = time_.TIME_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("5min"))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await time_.register_time(var, config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/graph/__init__.py b/esphome/components/graph/__init__.py
index 0749d7e2a3..1b99491f9c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/graph/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/graph/__init__.py
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_X_GRID,
     CONF_Y_GRID,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@synco"]
 
@@ -115,7 +116,9 @@ GRAPH_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-def _relocate_fields_to_subfolder(config, subfolder, subschema):
+def _relocate_fields_to_subfolder(
+    config: ConfigType, subfolder: str, subschema: cv.Schema
+) -> ConfigType:
     fields = [k.schema for k in subschema.schema]
     fields.remove(CONF_ID)
     if subfolder in config:
@@ -138,7 +141,7 @@ def _relocate_fields_to_subfolder(config, subfolder, subschema):
     return config
 
 
-def _relocate_trace(config):
+def _relocate_trace(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     return _relocate_fields_to_subfolder(config, CONF_TRACES, GRAPH_TRACE_SCHEMA)
 
 
@@ -148,7 +151,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_duration(config[CONF_DURATION]))
     cg.add(var.set_width(config[CONF_WIDTH]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/graphical_display_menu/__init__.py b/esphome/components/graphical_display_menu/__init__.py
index 56b720e75c..668a0d74d1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/graphical_display_menu/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/graphical_display_menu/__init__.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_MENU_ITEM_VALUE = "menu_item_value"
 CONF_ON_REDRAW = "on_redraw"
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = DISPLAY_MENU_BASE_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/graphical_display_menu/graphical_display_menu.cpp b/esphome/components/graphical_display_menu/graphical_display_menu.cpp
index b3c3b27e06..f0642d2e8c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/graphical_display_menu/graphical_display_menu.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/graphical_display_menu/graphical_display_menu.cpp
@@ -35,18 +35,20 @@ void GraphicalDisplayMenu::setup() {
 }
 
 void GraphicalDisplayMenu::dump_config() {
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
-                "Graphical Display Menu\n"
-                "  Has Display: %s\n"
-                "  Popup Mode: %s\n"
-                "  Advanced Drawing Mode: %s\n"
-                "  Has Font: %s\n"
-                "  Mode: %s\n"
-                "  Active: %s\n"
-                "  Menu items:",
-                YESNO(this->display_ != nullptr), YESNO(this->display_ != nullptr), YESNO(this->display_ == nullptr),
-                YESNO(this->font_ != nullptr),
-                this->mode_ == display_menu_base::MENU_MODE_ROTARY ? "Rotary" : "Joystick", YESNO(this->active_));
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(
+      TAG,
+      "Graphical Display Menu\n"
+      "  Has Display: %s\n"
+      "  Popup Mode: %s\n"
+      "  Advanced Drawing Mode: %s\n"
+      "  Has Font: %s\n"
+      "  Mode: %s\n"
+      "  Active: %s\n"
+      "  Menu items:",
+      YESNO(this->display_ != nullptr), YESNO(this->display_ != nullptr), YESNO(this->display_ == nullptr),
+      YESNO(this->font_ != nullptr),
+      this->mode_ == display_menu_base::MENU_MODE_ROTARY ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("Rotary") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("Joystick"),
+      YESNO(this->active_));
   for (size_t i = 0; i < this->displayed_item_->items_size(); i++) {
     auto *item = this->displayed_item_->get_item(i);
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  %i: %s (Type: %s, Immediate Edit: %s)", i, item->get_text().c_str(),
diff --git a/esphome/components/gree/climate.py b/esphome/components/gree/climate.py
index 0892155fd2..356845a7a6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gree/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/gree/climate.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_MODEL
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import gree_ns
 
@@ -28,6 +29,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(GreeClimate).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
     cg.add(var.set_model(config[CONF_MODEL]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/gree/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/gree/switch/__init__.py
index 111fea65d2..9bec3751d6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gree/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/gree/switch/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import switch
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_LIGHT, DEVICE_CLASS_SWITCH, ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import gree_ns
 from ..climate import CONF_MODEL, GreeClimate
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-def _validate_model(config):
+def _validate_model(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     full_config = fv.full_config.get()
     climate_path = full_config.get_path_for_id(config[CONF_GREE_ID])[:-1]
     climate_conf = full_config.get_config_for_path(climate_path)
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ def _validate_model(config):
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _validate_model
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_GREE_ID])
 
     for conf_key, name, bit_mask, _ in SWITCH_CONFIGS:
diff --git a/esphome/components/grove_gas_mc_v2/sensor.py b/esphome/components/grove_gas_mc_v2/sensor.py
index 0c35047850..da687c4cd3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/grove_gas_mc_v2/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/grove_gas_mc_v2/sensor.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_MICROGRAMS_PER_CUBIC_METER,
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@YorkshireIoT"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/growatt_solar/growatt_solar.cpp b/esphome/components/growatt_solar/growatt_solar.cpp
index d2102496a2..08c3966ed9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/growatt_solar/growatt_solar.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/growatt_solar/growatt_solar.cpp
@@ -1,105 +1,68 @@
 #include "growatt_solar.h"
-#include "esphome/core/application.h"
-#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 namespace esphome::growatt_solar {
 
+namespace helpers = modbus::helpers;
+
 static const char *const TAG = "growatt_solar";
 
 static const uint8_t MODBUS_REGISTER_COUNT[] = {33, 95};  // indexed with enum GrowattProtocolVersion
 
-void GrowattSolar::loop() {
-  // If update() was unable to send we retry until we can send.
-  if (!this->waiting_to_update_)
-    return;
-  update();
-}
+void GrowattSolar::update() { this->read_input_registers(0, MODBUS_REGISTER_COUNT[this->protocol_version_]); }
 
-void GrowattSolar::update() {
-  // If our last send has had no reply yet, and it wasn't that long ago, do nothing.
-  const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
-  if (now - this->last_send_ < this->get_update_interval() / 2) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  // The bus might be slow, or there might be other devices, or other components might be talking to our device.
-  if (!this->ready_for_immediate_send()) {
-    this->waiting_to_update_ = true;
-    return;
-  }
-
-  this->waiting_to_update_ = false;
-  this->read_input_registers(0, MODBUS_REGISTER_COUNT[this->protocol_version_]);
-  this->last_send_ = millis();
-}
-
-void GrowattSolar::on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) {
-  auto data = modbus::helpers::server_pdu_payload(response_pdu);
-  // Other components might be sending commands to our device. But we don't get called with enough
-  // context to know what is what. So if we didn't do a send, we ignore the data.
-  if (!this->last_send_)
-    return;
-  this->last_send_ = 0;
-
-  // Also ignore the data if the message is too short. Otherwise we will publish invalid values.
-  if (data.size() < MODBUS_REGISTER_COUNT[this->protocol_version_] * 2)
+void GrowattSolar::on_read_input_registers(uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint16_t> registers,
+                                           modbus::ResponseStatus status) {
+  if (!modbus::succeeded(status))
     return;
 
-  auto publish_1_reg_sensor_state = [&](sensor::Sensor *sensor, size_t i, float unit) -> void {
+  // Publish a sensor if its register(s) are in this response; skipping absent registers keeps this
+  // correct for any read range, so the poll may be split into multiple requests.
+  auto publish_1_reg_sensor_state = [&](sensor::Sensor *sensor, uint16_t reg, float unit) -> void {
     if (sensor == nullptr)
       return;
-    float value = encode_uint16(data[i * 2], data[i * 2 + 1]) * unit;
-    sensor->publish_state(value);
+    if (auto value = helpers::value_at<helpers::SensorValueType::U_WORD>(registers, start_address, reg))
+      sensor->publish_state(*value * unit);
   };
 
-  auto publish_2_reg_sensor_state = [&](sensor::Sensor *sensor, size_t reg1, size_t reg2, float unit) -> void {
-    float value = ((encode_uint16(data[reg1 * 2], data[reg1 * 2 + 1]) << 16) +
-                   encode_uint16(data[reg2 * 2], data[reg2 * 2 + 1])) *
-                  unit;
-    if (sensor != nullptr)
-      sensor->publish_state(value);
+  auto publish_2_reg_sensor_state = [&](sensor::Sensor *sensor, uint16_t reg, float unit) -> void {
+    if (sensor == nullptr)
+      return;
+    if (auto value = helpers::value_at<helpers::SensorValueType::U_DWORD>(registers, start_address, reg))
+      sensor->publish_state(*value * unit);
   };
 
   switch (this->protocol_version_) {
     case RTU: {
       publish_1_reg_sensor_state(this->inverter_status_, RTU_INVERTER_STATUS, 1);
 
-      publish_2_reg_sensor_state(this->pv_active_power_sensor_, RTU_PV_ACTIVE_POWER, RTU_PV_ACTIVE_POWER + 1,
-                                 ONE_DEC_UNIT);
+      publish_2_reg_sensor_state(this->pv_active_power_sensor_, RTU_PV_ACTIVE_POWER, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
 
       publish_1_reg_sensor_state(this->pvs_[0].voltage_sensor_, RTU_PV1_VOLTAGE, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
       publish_1_reg_sensor_state(this->pvs_[0].current_sensor_, RTU_PV1_CURRENT, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
-      publish_2_reg_sensor_state(this->pvs_[0].active_power_sensor_, RTU_PV1_ACTIVE_POWER, RTU_PV1_ACTIVE_POWER + 1,
-                                 ONE_DEC_UNIT);
+      publish_2_reg_sensor_state(this->pvs_[0].active_power_sensor_, RTU_PV1_ACTIVE_POWER, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
 
       publish_1_reg_sensor_state(this->pvs_[1].voltage_sensor_, RTU_PV2_VOLTAGE, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
       publish_1_reg_sensor_state(this->pvs_[1].current_sensor_, RTU_PV2_CURRENT, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
-      publish_2_reg_sensor_state(this->pvs_[1].active_power_sensor_, RTU_PV2_ACTIVE_POWER, RTU_PV2_ACTIVE_POWER + 1,
-                                 ONE_DEC_UNIT);
+      publish_2_reg_sensor_state(this->pvs_[1].active_power_sensor_, RTU_PV2_ACTIVE_POWER, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
 
-      publish_2_reg_sensor_state(this->grid_active_power_sensor_, RTU_GRID_ACTIVE_POWER, RTU_GRID_ACTIVE_POWER + 1,
-                                 ONE_DEC_UNIT);
+      publish_2_reg_sensor_state(this->grid_active_power_sensor_, RTU_GRID_ACTIVE_POWER, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
       publish_1_reg_sensor_state(this->grid_frequency_sensor_, RTU_GRID_FREQUENCY, TWO_DEC_UNIT);
 
       publish_1_reg_sensor_state(this->phases_[0].voltage_sensor_, RTU_PHASE1_VOLTAGE, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
       publish_1_reg_sensor_state(this->phases_[0].current_sensor_, RTU_PHASE1_CURRENT, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
-      publish_2_reg_sensor_state(this->phases_[0].active_power_sensor_, RTU_PHASE1_ACTIVE_POWER,
-                                 RTU_PHASE1_ACTIVE_POWER + 1, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
+      publish_2_reg_sensor_state(this->phases_[0].active_power_sensor_, RTU_PHASE1_ACTIVE_POWER, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
 
       publish_1_reg_sensor_state(this->phases_[1].voltage_sensor_, RTU_PHASE2_VOLTAGE, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
       publish_1_reg_sensor_state(this->phases_[1].current_sensor_, RTU_PHASE2_CURRENT, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
-      publish_2_reg_sensor_state(this->phases_[1].active_power_sensor_, RTU_PHASE2_ACTIVE_POWER,
-                                 RTU_PHASE2_ACTIVE_POWER + 1, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
+      publish_2_reg_sensor_state(this->phases_[1].active_power_sensor_, RTU_PHASE2_ACTIVE_POWER, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
 
       publish_1_reg_sensor_state(this->phases_[2].voltage_sensor_, RTU_PHASE3_VOLTAGE, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
       publish_1_reg_sensor_state(this->phases_[2].current_sensor_, RTU_PHASE3_CURRENT, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
-      publish_2_reg_sensor_state(this->phases_[2].active_power_sensor_, RTU_PHASE3_ACTIVE_POWER,
-                                 RTU_PHASE3_ACTIVE_POWER + 1, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
+      publish_2_reg_sensor_state(this->phases_[2].active_power_sensor_, RTU_PHASE3_ACTIVE_POWER, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
 
-      publish_2_reg_sensor_state(this->today_production_, RTU_TODAY_PRODUCTION, RTU_TODAY_PRODUCTION + 1, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
-      publish_2_reg_sensor_state(this->total_energy_production_, RTU_TOTAL_ENERGY_PRODUCTION,
-                                 RTU_TOTAL_ENERGY_PRODUCTION + 1, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
+      publish_2_reg_sensor_state(this->today_production_, RTU_TODAY_PRODUCTION, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
+      publish_2_reg_sensor_state(this->total_energy_production_, RTU_TOTAL_ENERGY_PRODUCTION, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
 
       publish_1_reg_sensor_state(this->inverter_module_temp_, RTU_INVERTER_MODULE_TEMP, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
       break;
@@ -107,42 +70,33 @@ void GrowattSolar::on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<c
     case RTU2: {
       publish_1_reg_sensor_state(this->inverter_status_, RTU2_INVERTER_STATUS, 1);
 
-      publish_2_reg_sensor_state(this->pv_active_power_sensor_, RTU2_PV_ACTIVE_POWER, RTU2_PV_ACTIVE_POWER + 1,
-                                 ONE_DEC_UNIT);
+      publish_2_reg_sensor_state(this->pv_active_power_sensor_, RTU2_PV_ACTIVE_POWER, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
 
       publish_1_reg_sensor_state(this->pvs_[0].voltage_sensor_, RTU2_PV1_VOLTAGE, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
       publish_1_reg_sensor_state(this->pvs_[0].current_sensor_, RTU2_PV1_CURRENT, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
-      publish_2_reg_sensor_state(this->pvs_[0].active_power_sensor_, RTU2_PV1_ACTIVE_POWER, RTU2_PV1_ACTIVE_POWER + 1,
-                                 ONE_DEC_UNIT);
+      publish_2_reg_sensor_state(this->pvs_[0].active_power_sensor_, RTU2_PV1_ACTIVE_POWER, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
 
       publish_1_reg_sensor_state(this->pvs_[1].voltage_sensor_, RTU2_PV2_VOLTAGE, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
       publish_1_reg_sensor_state(this->pvs_[1].current_sensor_, RTU2_PV2_CURRENT, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
-      publish_2_reg_sensor_state(this->pvs_[1].active_power_sensor_, RTU2_PV2_ACTIVE_POWER, RTU2_PV2_ACTIVE_POWER + 1,
-                                 ONE_DEC_UNIT);
+      publish_2_reg_sensor_state(this->pvs_[1].active_power_sensor_, RTU2_PV2_ACTIVE_POWER, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
 
-      publish_2_reg_sensor_state(this->grid_active_power_sensor_, RTU2_GRID_ACTIVE_POWER, RTU2_GRID_ACTIVE_POWER + 1,
-                                 ONE_DEC_UNIT);
+      publish_2_reg_sensor_state(this->grid_active_power_sensor_, RTU2_GRID_ACTIVE_POWER, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
       publish_1_reg_sensor_state(this->grid_frequency_sensor_, RTU2_GRID_FREQUENCY, TWO_DEC_UNIT);
 
       publish_1_reg_sensor_state(this->phases_[0].voltage_sensor_, RTU2_PHASE1_VOLTAGE, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
       publish_1_reg_sensor_state(this->phases_[0].current_sensor_, RTU2_PHASE1_CURRENT, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
-      publish_2_reg_sensor_state(this->phases_[0].active_power_sensor_, RTU2_PHASE1_ACTIVE_POWER,
-                                 RTU2_PHASE1_ACTIVE_POWER + 1, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
+      publish_2_reg_sensor_state(this->phases_[0].active_power_sensor_, RTU2_PHASE1_ACTIVE_POWER, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
 
       publish_1_reg_sensor_state(this->phases_[1].voltage_sensor_, RTU2_PHASE2_VOLTAGE, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
       publish_1_reg_sensor_state(this->phases_[1].current_sensor_, RTU2_PHASE2_CURRENT, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
-      publish_2_reg_sensor_state(this->phases_[1].active_power_sensor_, RTU2_PHASE2_ACTIVE_POWER,
-                                 RTU2_PHASE2_ACTIVE_POWER + 1, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
+      publish_2_reg_sensor_state(this->phases_[1].active_power_sensor_, RTU2_PHASE2_ACTIVE_POWER, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
 
       publish_1_reg_sensor_state(this->phases_[2].voltage_sensor_, RTU2_PHASE3_VOLTAGE, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
       publish_1_reg_sensor_state(this->phases_[2].current_sensor_, RTU2_PHASE3_CURRENT, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
-      publish_2_reg_sensor_state(this->phases_[2].active_power_sensor_, RTU2_PHASE3_ACTIVE_POWER,
-                                 RTU2_PHASE3_ACTIVE_POWER + 1, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
+      publish_2_reg_sensor_state(this->phases_[2].active_power_sensor_, RTU2_PHASE3_ACTIVE_POWER, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
 
-      publish_2_reg_sensor_state(this->today_production_, RTU2_TODAY_PRODUCTION, RTU2_TODAY_PRODUCTION + 1,
-                                 ONE_DEC_UNIT);
-      publish_2_reg_sensor_state(this->total_energy_production_, RTU2_TOTAL_ENERGY_PRODUCTION,
-                                 RTU2_TOTAL_ENERGY_PRODUCTION + 1, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
+      publish_2_reg_sensor_state(this->today_production_, RTU2_TODAY_PRODUCTION, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
+      publish_2_reg_sensor_state(this->total_energy_production_, RTU2_TOTAL_ENERGY_PRODUCTION, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
 
       publish_1_reg_sensor_state(this->inverter_module_temp_, RTU2_INVERTER_MODULE_TEMP, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
       break;
diff --git a/esphome/components/growatt_solar/growatt_solar.h b/esphome/components/growatt_solar/growatt_solar.h
index a172f49001..5b96521476 100644
--- a/esphome/components/growatt_solar/growatt_solar.h
+++ b/esphome/components/growatt_solar/growatt_solar.h
@@ -17,59 +17,59 @@ enum GrowattProtocolVersion {
 };
 
 // Register addresses for the RTU protocol.
-constexpr size_t RTU_INVERTER_STATUS = 0;           // length = 1
-constexpr size_t RTU_PV_ACTIVE_POWER = 1;           // length = 2
-constexpr size_t RTU_PV1_VOLTAGE = 3;               // length = 1
-constexpr size_t RTU_PV1_CURRENT = 4;               // length = 1
-constexpr size_t RTU_PV1_ACTIVE_POWER = 5;          // length = 2
-constexpr size_t RTU_PV2_VOLTAGE = 7;               // length = 1
-constexpr size_t RTU_PV2_CURRENT = 8;               // length = 1
-constexpr size_t RTU_PV2_ACTIVE_POWER = 9;          // length = 2
-constexpr size_t RTU_GRID_ACTIVE_POWER = 11;        // length = 2
-constexpr size_t RTU_GRID_FREQUENCY = 13;           // length = 1
-constexpr size_t RTU_PHASE1_VOLTAGE = 14;           // length = 1
-constexpr size_t RTU_PHASE1_CURRENT = 15;           // length = 1
-constexpr size_t RTU_PHASE1_ACTIVE_POWER = 16;      // length = 2
-constexpr size_t RTU_PHASE2_VOLTAGE = 18;           // length = 1
-constexpr size_t RTU_PHASE2_CURRENT = 19;           // length = 1
-constexpr size_t RTU_PHASE2_ACTIVE_POWER = 20;      // length = 2
-constexpr size_t RTU_PHASE3_VOLTAGE = 22;           // length = 1
-constexpr size_t RTU_PHASE3_CURRENT = 23;           // length = 1
-constexpr size_t RTU_PHASE3_ACTIVE_POWER = 24;      // length = 2
-constexpr size_t RTU_TODAY_PRODUCTION = 26;         // length = 2
-constexpr size_t RTU_TOTAL_ENERGY_PRODUCTION = 28;  // length = 2
-constexpr size_t RTU_INVERTER_MODULE_TEMP = 32;     // length = 1
+constexpr uint16_t RTU_INVERTER_STATUS = 0;           // length = 1
+constexpr uint16_t RTU_PV_ACTIVE_POWER = 1;           // length = 2
+constexpr uint16_t RTU_PV1_VOLTAGE = 3;               // length = 1
+constexpr uint16_t RTU_PV1_CURRENT = 4;               // length = 1
+constexpr uint16_t RTU_PV1_ACTIVE_POWER = 5;          // length = 2
+constexpr uint16_t RTU_PV2_VOLTAGE = 7;               // length = 1
+constexpr uint16_t RTU_PV2_CURRENT = 8;               // length = 1
+constexpr uint16_t RTU_PV2_ACTIVE_POWER = 9;          // length = 2
+constexpr uint16_t RTU_GRID_ACTIVE_POWER = 11;        // length = 2
+constexpr uint16_t RTU_GRID_FREQUENCY = 13;           // length = 1
+constexpr uint16_t RTU_PHASE1_VOLTAGE = 14;           // length = 1
+constexpr uint16_t RTU_PHASE1_CURRENT = 15;           // length = 1
+constexpr uint16_t RTU_PHASE1_ACTIVE_POWER = 16;      // length = 2
+constexpr uint16_t RTU_PHASE2_VOLTAGE = 18;           // length = 1
+constexpr uint16_t RTU_PHASE2_CURRENT = 19;           // length = 1
+constexpr uint16_t RTU_PHASE2_ACTIVE_POWER = 20;      // length = 2
+constexpr uint16_t RTU_PHASE3_VOLTAGE = 22;           // length = 1
+constexpr uint16_t RTU_PHASE3_CURRENT = 23;           // length = 1
+constexpr uint16_t RTU_PHASE3_ACTIVE_POWER = 24;      // length = 2
+constexpr uint16_t RTU_TODAY_PRODUCTION = 26;         // length = 2
+constexpr uint16_t RTU_TOTAL_ENERGY_PRODUCTION = 28;  // length = 2
+constexpr uint16_t RTU_INVERTER_MODULE_TEMP = 32;     // length = 1
 
 // Input register addresses for the RTU2 protocol as described
 // in the "GROWATT INVERTER MODBUS PROTOCOL_II V1.39" document.
-constexpr size_t RTU2_INVERTER_STATUS = 0;           // length = 1
-constexpr size_t RTU2_PV_ACTIVE_POWER = 1;           // length = 2
-constexpr size_t RTU2_PV1_VOLTAGE = 3;               // length = 1
-constexpr size_t RTU2_PV1_CURRENT = 4;               // length = 1
-constexpr size_t RTU2_PV1_ACTIVE_POWER = 5;          // length = 2
-constexpr size_t RTU2_PV2_VOLTAGE = 7;               // length = 1
-constexpr size_t RTU2_PV2_CURRENT = 8;               // length = 1
-constexpr size_t RTU2_PV2_ACTIVE_POWER = 9;          // length = 2
-constexpr size_t RTU2_GRID_ACTIVE_POWER = 35;        // length = 2
-constexpr size_t RTU2_GRID_FREQUENCY = 37;           // length = 1
-constexpr size_t RTU2_PHASE1_VOLTAGE = 38;           // length = 1
-constexpr size_t RTU2_PHASE1_CURRENT = 39;           // length = 1
-constexpr size_t RTU2_PHASE1_ACTIVE_POWER = 40;      // length = 2
-constexpr size_t RTU2_PHASE2_VOLTAGE = 42;           // length = 1
-constexpr size_t RTU2_PHASE2_CURRENT = 43;           // length = 1
-constexpr size_t RTU2_PHASE2_ACTIVE_POWER = 44;      // length = 2
-constexpr size_t RTU2_PHASE3_VOLTAGE = 46;           // length = 1
-constexpr size_t RTU2_PHASE3_CURRENT = 47;           // length = 1
-constexpr size_t RTU2_PHASE3_ACTIVE_POWER = 48;      // length = 2
-constexpr size_t RTU2_TODAY_PRODUCTION = 53;         // length = 2
-constexpr size_t RTU2_TOTAL_ENERGY_PRODUCTION = 55;  // length = 2
-constexpr size_t RTU2_INVERTER_MODULE_TEMP = 93;     // length = 1
+constexpr uint16_t RTU2_INVERTER_STATUS = 0;           // length = 1
+constexpr uint16_t RTU2_PV_ACTIVE_POWER = 1;           // length = 2
+constexpr uint16_t RTU2_PV1_VOLTAGE = 3;               // length = 1
+constexpr uint16_t RTU2_PV1_CURRENT = 4;               // length = 1
+constexpr uint16_t RTU2_PV1_ACTIVE_POWER = 5;          // length = 2
+constexpr uint16_t RTU2_PV2_VOLTAGE = 7;               // length = 1
+constexpr uint16_t RTU2_PV2_CURRENT = 8;               // length = 1
+constexpr uint16_t RTU2_PV2_ACTIVE_POWER = 9;          // length = 2
+constexpr uint16_t RTU2_GRID_ACTIVE_POWER = 35;        // length = 2
+constexpr uint16_t RTU2_GRID_FREQUENCY = 37;           // length = 1
+constexpr uint16_t RTU2_PHASE1_VOLTAGE = 38;           // length = 1
+constexpr uint16_t RTU2_PHASE1_CURRENT = 39;           // length = 1
+constexpr uint16_t RTU2_PHASE1_ACTIVE_POWER = 40;      // length = 2
+constexpr uint16_t RTU2_PHASE2_VOLTAGE = 42;           // length = 1
+constexpr uint16_t RTU2_PHASE2_CURRENT = 43;           // length = 1
+constexpr uint16_t RTU2_PHASE2_ACTIVE_POWER = 44;      // length = 2
+constexpr uint16_t RTU2_PHASE3_VOLTAGE = 46;           // length = 1
+constexpr uint16_t RTU2_PHASE3_CURRENT = 47;           // length = 1
+constexpr uint16_t RTU2_PHASE3_ACTIVE_POWER = 48;      // length = 2
+constexpr uint16_t RTU2_TODAY_PRODUCTION = 53;         // length = 2
+constexpr uint16_t RTU2_TOTAL_ENERGY_PRODUCTION = 55;  // length = 2
+constexpr uint16_t RTU2_INVERTER_MODULE_TEMP = 93;     // length = 1
 
 class GrowattSolar final : public PollingComponent, public modbus::ModbusClientDevice {
  public:
-  void loop() override;
   void update() override;
-  void on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) override;
+  void on_read_input_registers(uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint16_t> registers,
+                               modbus::ResponseStatus status) override;
   void dump_config() override;
 
   void set_protocol_version(GrowattProtocolVersion protocol_version) { this->protocol_version_ = protocol_version; }
@@ -104,9 +104,6 @@ class GrowattSolar final : public PollingComponent, public modbus::ModbusClientD
   }
 
  protected:
-  bool waiting_to_update_{false};
-  uint32_t last_send_{0};
-
   struct GrowattPhase {
     sensor::Sensor *voltage_sensor_{nullptr};
     sensor::Sensor *current_sensor_{nullptr};
diff --git a/esphome/components/growatt_solar/sensor.py b/esphome/components/growatt_solar/sensor.py
index d1f0069341..2e2b218730 100644
--- a/esphome/components/growatt_solar/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/growatt_solar/sensor.py
@@ -163,14 +163,14 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
-    return modbus.final_validate_modbus_device("growatt_solar", role="client")(config)
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    modbus.final_validate_modbus_device("growatt_solar", role="client")(config)
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await modbus.register_modbus_client_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/gsl3670/touchscreen.py b/esphome/components/gsl3670/touchscreen.py
index fc0318f076..703887864b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gsl3670/touchscreen.py
+++ b/esphome/components/gsl3670/touchscreen.py
@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_URL,
 )
 from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.external_files import RemoteFile
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["touchscreen"]
@@ -103,8 +105,7 @@ def _validate_firmware_data(data: bytes, source: str) -> None:
 
 def _cache_path(url: str) -> Path:
     """Cache path for a downloaded firmware blob, keyed by URL."""
-    key = hashlib.sha256(url.encode()).hexdigest()[:8]
-    return external_files.compute_local_file_dir(DOMAIN) / key
+    return external_files.compute_local_file_path(DOMAIN, url)
 
 
 def firmware_path(firmware: dict) -> Path:
@@ -156,7 +157,24 @@ FIRMWARE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def _config_schema(config):
+def _extract_firmware_ref(entry: ConfigType) -> RemoteFile | None:
+    firmware = entry.get(CONF_FIRMWARE)
+    if firmware is None:
+        model = str(entry.get(CONF_MODEL, "CUSTOM")).upper()
+        firmware = MODELS.get(model, {}).get(CONF_FIRMWARE)
+    if (
+        isinstance(firmware, dict)
+        and CONF_FILE not in firmware
+        and isinstance(url := firmware.get(CONF_URL), str)
+    ):
+        return RemoteFile(url, _cache_path(url))
+    return None
+
+
+PREFETCH_FILES = external_files.single_stage_prefetch(_extract_firmware_ref)
+
+
+def _config_schema(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     model_option = {
         cv.Optional(CONF_MODEL, default="CUSTOM"): cv.one_of(*MODELS, upper=True)
     }
@@ -188,7 +206,7 @@ def _config_schema(config):
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = _config_schema
 
 
-def _read_firmware(config) -> bytes:
+def _read_firmware(config: ConfigType) -> bytes:
     path = firmware_path(config[CONF_FIRMWARE])
     data = path.read_bytes()
     LOGGER.info(
@@ -203,7 +221,7 @@ def _read_firmware(config) -> bytes:
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Code generation
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await touchscreen.register_touchscreen(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/gt911/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/gt911/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index 941b7bb847..95c072977e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gt911/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/gt911/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_INDEX
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import gt911_ns
 from ..touchscreen import GT911ButtonListener, GT911Touchscreen
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(GT911Button).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_GT911_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/gt911/touchscreen/__init__.py b/esphome/components/gt911/touchscreen/__init__.py
index b850eeea8b..fa929d4ba0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gt911/touchscreen/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/gt911/touchscreen/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, touchscreen
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN, CONF_RESET_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import gt911_ns
 
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = touchscreen.TOUCHSCREEN_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x5D))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await touchscreen.register_touchscreen(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/gt911/touchscreen/gt911_touchscreen.cpp b/esphome/components/gt911/touchscreen/gt911_touchscreen.cpp
index 2152ae7b84..8ced267947 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gt911/touchscreen/gt911_touchscreen.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/gt911/touchscreen/gt911_touchscreen.cpp
@@ -69,10 +69,12 @@ void GT911Touchscreen::setup_internal_() {
           // Direct MCU pin: attach a hardware interrupt, no polling needed.
           this->attach_interrupt_(static_cast<InternalGPIOPin *>(this->interrupt_pin_),
                                   active_high ? gpio::INTERRUPT_RISING_EDGE : gpio::INTERRUPT_FALLING_EDGE);
-          ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Interrupt pin: hardware interrupt, active %s", active_high ? "HIGH" : "LOW");
+          ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Interrupt pin: hardware interrupt, active %s",
+                   active_high ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("HIGH") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("LOW"));
         } else {
           // IO expander pin: leave as output for configuration only.
-          ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Interrupt pin: IO expander polling mode, active %s", active_high ? "HIGH" : "LOW");
+          ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Interrupt pin: IO expander polling mode, active %s",
+                   active_high ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("HIGH") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("LOW"));
         }
       }
     }
diff --git a/esphome/components/haier/climate.py b/esphome/components/haier/climate.py
index 424ef46392..70ae36f528 100644
--- a/esphome/components/haier/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/haier/climate.py
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ async def power_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
 
-def _final_validate(config):
+def _final_validate(config) -> None:
     full_config = fv.full_config.get()
     if CONF_LOGGER in full_config:
         _level = "NONE"
@@ -448,7 +448,6 @@ def _final_validate(config):
         raise cv.Invalid(
             f"No WiFi configured, if you want to use haier climate without WiFi add {CONF_WIFI_SIGNAL}: false to climate configuration"
         )
-    return config
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
diff --git a/esphome/components/haier/haier_base.cpp b/esphome/components/haier/haier_base.cpp
index 294aa53b03..48f72dc16b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/haier/haier_base.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/haier/haier_base.cpp
@@ -248,7 +248,8 @@ void HaierClimateBase::setup() {
 
 void HaierClimateBase::dump_config() {
   LOG_CLIMATE("", "Haier Climate", this);
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Device communication status: %s", this->valid_connection() ? "established" : "none");
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Device communication status: %s",
+                this->valid_connection() ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("established") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("none"));
 }
 
 void HaierClimateBase::loop() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/haier/hon_climate.cpp b/esphome/components/haier/hon_climate.cpp
index 881a2328cb..0ce4142fd4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/haier/hon_climate.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/haier/hon_climate.cpp
@@ -343,11 +343,11 @@ void HonClimate::dump_config() {
                   this->hvac_hardware_info_.value().software_version_,
                   this->hvac_hardware_info_.value().hardware_version_, this->hvac_hardware_info_.value().device_name_);
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Device features:%s%s%s%s%s",
-                  (this->hvac_hardware_info_.value().functions_[0] ? " interactive" : ""),
-                  (this->hvac_hardware_info_.value().functions_[1] ? " controller-device" : ""),
-                  (this->hvac_hardware_info_.value().functions_[2] ? " crc" : ""),
-                  (this->hvac_hardware_info_.value().functions_[3] ? " multinode" : ""),
-                  (this->hvac_hardware_info_.value().functions_[4] ? " role" : ""));
+                  (this->hvac_hardware_info_.value().functions_[0] ? LOG_STR_LITERAL(" interactive") : ""),
+                  (this->hvac_hardware_info_.value().functions_[1] ? LOG_STR_LITERAL(" controller-device") : ""),
+                  (this->hvac_hardware_info_.value().functions_[2] ? LOG_STR_LITERAL(" crc") : ""),
+                  (this->hvac_hardware_info_.value().functions_[3] ? LOG_STR_LITERAL(" multinode") : ""),
+                  (this->hvac_hardware_info_.value().functions_[4] ? LOG_STR_LITERAL(" role") : ""));
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Active alarms: %s", buf_to_hex(this->active_alarms_, sizeof(this->active_alarms_)).c_str());
   }
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/haier/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/haier/switch/__init__.py
index acff0cf265..99ffcb37af 100644
--- a/esphome/components/haier/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/haier/switch/__init__.py
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate(config):
+def _final_validate(config) -> None:
     full_config = fv.full_config.get()
     for switch_type in [CONF_BEEPER, CONF_QUIET_MODE]:
         # Check switches that are only supported for HonClimate
@@ -72,7 +72,6 @@ def _final_validate(config):
                 raise cv.Invalid(
                     f"{switch_type} switch is only supported for hon climate"
                 )
-    return config
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
diff --git a/esphome/components/havells_solar/havells_solar.cpp b/esphome/components/havells_solar/havells_solar.cpp
index 6af72c352b..d43dfbb89a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/havells_solar/havells_solar.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/havells_solar/havells_solar.cpp
@@ -1,124 +1,71 @@
 #include "havells_solar.h"
 #include "havells_solar_registers.h"
-#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 namespace esphome::havells_solar {
 
+namespace helpers = modbus::helpers;
+
 static const char *const TAG = "havells_solar";
 
 static const uint8_t MODBUS_REGISTER_COUNT = 48;  // 48 x 16-bit registers
 
-void HavellsSolar::on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) {
-  auto data = modbus::helpers::server_pdu_payload(response_pdu);
-  if (data.size() < MODBUS_REGISTER_COUNT * 2) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid size for HavellsSolar!");
-    return;
-  }
+void HavellsSolar::on_read_holding_registers(uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint16_t> registers,
+                                             modbus::ResponseStatus status) {
+  if (!modbus::succeeded(status))
+    return;  // the hub already logs exception responses
 
-  /* Usage: returns the float value of 1 register read by modbus
-            Arg1: Register address * number of bytes per register
-            Arg2: Multiplier for final register value
-  */
-  auto havells_solar_get_2_registers = [&](size_t i, float unit) -> float {
-    uint32_t temp = encode_uint32(data[i], data[i + 1], data[i + 2], data[i + 3]);
-    return temp * unit;
+  // Publish a sensor if its register(s) are in this response; skipping absent registers keeps this
+  // correct for any read range, so the poll may be split into multiple requests.
+  auto publish_1_register = [&](sensor::Sensor *sensor, uint16_t reg, float unit) -> void {
+    if (sensor == nullptr)
+      return;
+    if (auto value = helpers::value_at<helpers::SensorValueType::U_WORD>(registers, start_address, reg))
+      sensor->publish_state(*value * unit);
   };
 
-  /* Usage: returns the float value of 2 registers read by modbus
-            Arg1: Register address * number of bytes per register
-            Arg2: Multiplier for final register value
-  */
-  auto havells_solar_get_1_register = [&](size_t i, float unit) -> float {
-    uint16_t temp = encode_uint16(data[i], data[i + 1]);
-    return temp * unit;
+  auto publish_2_registers = [&](sensor::Sensor *sensor, uint16_t reg, float unit) -> void {
+    if (sensor == nullptr)
+      return;
+    if (auto value = helpers::value_at<helpers::SensorValueType::U_DWORD>(registers, start_address, reg))
+      sensor->publish_state(*value * unit);
   };
 
   for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
-    auto phase = this->phases_[i];
+    auto &phase = this->phases_[i];
     if (!phase.setup)
       continue;
-
-    float voltage = havells_solar_get_1_register(HAVELLS_PHASE_1_VOLTAGE * 2 + (i * 4), ONE_DEC_UNIT);
-    float current = havells_solar_get_1_register(HAVELLS_PHASE_1_CURRENT * 2 + (i * 4), TWO_DEC_UNIT);
-
-    if (phase.voltage_sensor_ != nullptr)
-      phase.voltage_sensor_->publish_state(voltage);
-    if (phase.current_sensor_ != nullptr)
-      phase.current_sensor_->publish_state(current);
+    publish_1_register(phase.voltage_sensor_, HAVELLS_PHASE_1_VOLTAGE + i * 2, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
+    publish_1_register(phase.current_sensor_, HAVELLS_PHASE_1_CURRENT + i * 2, TWO_DEC_UNIT);
   }
 
   for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
-    auto pv = this->pvs_[i];
+    auto &pv = this->pvs_[i];
     if (!pv.setup)
       continue;
-
-    float voltage = havells_solar_get_1_register(HAVELLS_PV_1_VOLTAGE * 2 + (i * 4), ONE_DEC_UNIT);
-    float current = havells_solar_get_1_register(HAVELLS_PV_1_CURRENT * 2 + (i * 4), TWO_DEC_UNIT);
-    float active_power = havells_solar_get_1_register(HAVELLS_PV_1_POWER * 2 + (i * 2), MULTIPLY_TEN_UNIT);
-    float voltage_sampled_by_secondary_cpu =
-        havells_solar_get_1_register(HAVELLS_PV1_VOLTAGE_SAMPLED_BY_SECONDARY_CPU * 2 + (i * 2), ONE_DEC_UNIT);
-    float insulation_of_p_to_ground =
-        havells_solar_get_1_register(HAVELLS_PV1_INSULATION_OF_P_TO_GROUND * 2 + (i * 2), NO_DEC_UNIT);
-
-    if (pv.voltage_sensor_ != nullptr)
-      pv.voltage_sensor_->publish_state(voltage);
-    if (pv.current_sensor_ != nullptr)
-      pv.current_sensor_->publish_state(current);
-    if (pv.active_power_sensor_ != nullptr)
-      pv.active_power_sensor_->publish_state(active_power);
-    if (pv.voltage_sampled_by_secondary_cpu_sensor_ != nullptr)
-      pv.voltage_sampled_by_secondary_cpu_sensor_->publish_state(voltage_sampled_by_secondary_cpu);
-    if (pv.insulation_of_p_to_ground_sensor_ != nullptr)
-      pv.insulation_of_p_to_ground_sensor_->publish_state(insulation_of_p_to_ground);
+    publish_1_register(pv.voltage_sensor_, HAVELLS_PV_1_VOLTAGE + i * 2, ONE_DEC_UNIT);
+    publish_1_register(pv.current_sensor_, HAVELLS_PV_1_CURRENT + i * 2, TWO_DEC_UNIT);
+    publish_1_register(pv.active_power_sensor_, HAVELLS_PV_1_POWER + i, MULTIPLY_TEN_UNIT);
+    publish_1_register(pv.voltage_sampled_by_secondary_cpu_sensor_, HAVELLS_PV1_VOLTAGE_SAMPLED_BY_SECONDARY_CPU + i,
+                       ONE_DEC_UNIT);
+    publish_1_register(pv.insulation_of_p_to_ground_sensor_, HAVELLS_PV1_INSULATION_OF_P_TO_GROUND + i, NO_DEC_UNIT);
   }
 
-  float frequency = havells_solar_get_1_register(HAVELLS_GRID_FREQUENCY * 2, TWO_DEC_UNIT);
-  float active_power = havells_solar_get_1_register(HAVELLS_SYSTEM_ACTIVE_POWER * 2, MULTIPLY_TEN_UNIT);
-  float reactive_power = havells_solar_get_1_register(HAVELLS_SYSTEM_REACTIVE_POWER * 2, TWO_DEC_UNIT);
-  float today_production = havells_solar_get_1_register(HAVELLS_TODAY_PRODUCTION * 2, TWO_DEC_UNIT);
-  float total_energy_production = havells_solar_get_2_registers(HAVELLS_TOTAL_ENERGY_PRODUCTION * 2, NO_DEC_UNIT);
-  float total_generation_time = havells_solar_get_2_registers(HAVELLS_TOTAL_GENERATION_TIME * 2, NO_DEC_UNIT);
-  float today_generation_time = havells_solar_get_1_register(HAVELLS_TODAY_GENERATION_TIME * 2, NO_DEC_UNIT);
-  float inverter_module_temp = havells_solar_get_1_register(HAVELLS_INVERTER_MODULE_TEMP * 2, NO_DEC_UNIT);
-  float inverter_inner_temp = havells_solar_get_1_register(HAVELLS_INVERTER_INNER_TEMP * 2, NO_DEC_UNIT);
-  float inverter_bus_voltage = havells_solar_get_1_register(HAVELLS_INVERTER_BUS_VOLTAGE * 2, NO_DEC_UNIT);
-  float insulation_pv_n_to_ground = havells_solar_get_1_register(HAVELLS_INSULATION_OF_PV_N_TO_GROUND * 2, NO_DEC_UNIT);
-  float gfci_value = havells_solar_get_1_register(HAVELLS_GFCI_VALUE * 2, NO_DEC_UNIT);
-  float dci_of_r = havells_solar_get_1_register(HAVELLS_DCI_OF_R * 2, NO_DEC_UNIT);
-  float dci_of_s = havells_solar_get_1_register(HAVELLS_DCI_OF_S * 2, NO_DEC_UNIT);
-  float dci_of_t = havells_solar_get_1_register(HAVELLS_DCI_OF_T * 2, NO_DEC_UNIT);
-
-  if (this->frequency_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->frequency_sensor_->publish_state(frequency);
-  if (this->active_power_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->active_power_sensor_->publish_state(active_power);
-  if (this->reactive_power_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->reactive_power_sensor_->publish_state(reactive_power);
-  if (this->today_production_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->today_production_sensor_->publish_state(today_production);
-  if (this->total_energy_production_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->total_energy_production_sensor_->publish_state(total_energy_production);
-  if (this->total_generation_time_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->total_generation_time_sensor_->publish_state(total_generation_time);
-  if (this->today_generation_time_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->today_generation_time_sensor_->publish_state(today_generation_time);
-  if (this->inverter_module_temp_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->inverter_module_temp_sensor_->publish_state(inverter_module_temp);
-  if (this->inverter_inner_temp_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->inverter_inner_temp_sensor_->publish_state(inverter_inner_temp);
-  if (this->inverter_bus_voltage_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->inverter_bus_voltage_sensor_->publish_state(inverter_bus_voltage);
-  if (this->insulation_pv_n_to_ground_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->insulation_pv_n_to_ground_sensor_->publish_state(insulation_pv_n_to_ground);
-  if (this->gfci_value_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->gfci_value_sensor_->publish_state(gfci_value);
-  if (this->dci_of_r_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->dci_of_r_sensor_->publish_state(dci_of_r);
-  if (this->dci_of_s_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->dci_of_s_sensor_->publish_state(dci_of_s);
-  if (this->dci_of_t_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->dci_of_t_sensor_->publish_state(dci_of_t);
+  publish_1_register(this->frequency_sensor_, HAVELLS_GRID_FREQUENCY, TWO_DEC_UNIT);
+  publish_1_register(this->active_power_sensor_, HAVELLS_SYSTEM_ACTIVE_POWER, MULTIPLY_TEN_UNIT);
+  publish_1_register(this->reactive_power_sensor_, HAVELLS_SYSTEM_REACTIVE_POWER, TWO_DEC_UNIT);
+  publish_1_register(this->today_production_sensor_, HAVELLS_TODAY_PRODUCTION, TWO_DEC_UNIT);
+  publish_2_registers(this->total_energy_production_sensor_, HAVELLS_TOTAL_ENERGY_PRODUCTION, NO_DEC_UNIT);
+  publish_2_registers(this->total_generation_time_sensor_, HAVELLS_TOTAL_GENERATION_TIME, NO_DEC_UNIT);
+  publish_1_register(this->today_generation_time_sensor_, HAVELLS_TODAY_GENERATION_TIME, NO_DEC_UNIT);
+  publish_1_register(this->inverter_module_temp_sensor_, HAVELLS_INVERTER_MODULE_TEMP, NO_DEC_UNIT);
+  publish_1_register(this->inverter_inner_temp_sensor_, HAVELLS_INVERTER_INNER_TEMP, NO_DEC_UNIT);
+  publish_1_register(this->inverter_bus_voltage_sensor_, HAVELLS_INVERTER_BUS_VOLTAGE, NO_DEC_UNIT);
+  publish_1_register(this->insulation_pv_n_to_ground_sensor_, HAVELLS_INSULATION_OF_PV_N_TO_GROUND, NO_DEC_UNIT);
+  publish_1_register(this->gfci_value_sensor_, HAVELLS_GFCI_VALUE, NO_DEC_UNIT);
+  publish_1_register(this->dci_of_r_sensor_, HAVELLS_DCI_OF_R, NO_DEC_UNIT);
+  publish_1_register(this->dci_of_s_sensor_, HAVELLS_DCI_OF_S, NO_DEC_UNIT);
+  publish_1_register(this->dci_of_t_sensor_, HAVELLS_DCI_OF_T, NO_DEC_UNIT);
 }
 
 void HavellsSolar::update() { this->read_holding_registers(0, MODBUS_REGISTER_COUNT); }
diff --git a/esphome/components/havells_solar/havells_solar.h b/esphome/components/havells_solar/havells_solar.h
index ed5d13b8b6..a77b8bf977 100644
--- a/esphome/components/havells_solar/havells_solar.h
+++ b/esphome/components/havells_solar/havells_solar.h
@@ -77,7 +77,8 @@ class HavellsSolar final : public PollingComponent, public modbus::ModbusClientD
 
   void update() override;
 
-  void on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) override;
+  void on_read_holding_registers(uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint16_t> registers,
+                                 modbus::ResponseStatus status) override;
 
   void dump_config() override;
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/havells_solar/sensor.py b/esphome/components/havells_solar/sensor.py
index d18ae0d9af..dcea1afd04 100644
--- a/esphome/components/havells_solar/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/havells_solar/sensor.py
@@ -217,14 +217,14 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
-    return modbus.final_validate_modbus_device("havells_solar", role="client")(config)
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    modbus.final_validate_modbus_device("havells_solar", role="client")(config)
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await modbus.register_modbus_client_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/hbridge/fan/__init__.py b/esphome/components/hbridge/fan/__init__.py
index 8ea8677ba2..2cf1693b47 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hbridge/fan/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hbridge/fan/__init__.py
@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_PRESET_MODES,
     CONF_SPEED_COUNT,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import hbridge_ns
 
@@ -54,12 +57,17 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
     maybe_simple_id({cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(HBridgeFan)}),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def fan_hbridge_brake_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def fan_hbridge_brake_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await fan.new_fan(
         config,
         config[CONF_SPEED_COUNT],
diff --git a/esphome/components/hbridge/light/__init__.py b/esphome/components/hbridge/light/__init__.py
index f9451e2594..f7866cb990 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hbridge/light/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hbridge/light/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import light, output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_OUTPUT_ID, CONF_PIN_A, CONF_PIN_B, CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import hbridge_ns
 
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = light.RGB_LIGHT_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_OUTPUT_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_update_interval(config.pop(CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL)))
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/hbridge/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/hbridge/switch/__init__.py
index e26bd6b1d8..294be6ed5f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hbridge/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hbridge/switch/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import switch
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_OPTIMISTIC, CONF_PULSE_LENGTH, CONF_WAIT_TIME
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import hbridge_ns
 
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await switch.new_switch(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/hbridge/switch/hbridge_switch.cpp b/esphome/components/hbridge/switch/hbridge_switch.cpp
index 1012a264f2..c8e472d7aa 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hbridge/switch/hbridge_switch.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/hbridge/switch/hbridge_switch.cpp
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@ void HBridgeSwitch::dump_config() {
   LOG_PIN("  On Pin: ", this->on_pin_);
   LOG_PIN("  Off Pin: ", this->off_pin_);
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Pulse length: %" PRId32 " ms", this->pulse_length_);
-  if (this->wait_time_)
+  if (this->wait_time_) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Wait time %" PRId32 " ms", this->wait_time_);
+  }
 }
 
 void HBridgeSwitch::write_state(bool state) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/hc8/sensor.py b/esphome/components/hc8/sensor.py
index 29b428e310..616162eb40 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hc8/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hc8/sensor.py
@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
 
@@ -47,7 +50,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
@@ -73,7 +76,12 @@ CALIBRATION_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     CALIBRATION_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def hc8_calibration_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def hc8_calibration_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_BASELINE], args, cg.uint16)
diff --git a/esphome/components/hdc1080/sensor.py b/esphome/components/hdc1080/sensor.py
index e47a88545b..b2b6dc533a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hdc1080/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hdc1080/sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/hdc2010/sensor.py b/esphome/components/hdc2010/sensor.py
index 15e19f2cc8..ad0311fb4f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hdc2010/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hdc2010/sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/hdc2080/sensor.py b/esphome/components/hdc2080/sensor.py
index 777fc51cba..b5388b4c2b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hdc2080/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hdc2080/sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/hdc302x/hdc302x.cpp b/esphome/components/hdc302x/hdc302x.cpp
index b50d34169a..53d4c7f016 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hdc302x/hdc302x.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/hdc302x/hdc302x.cpp
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ void HDC302XComponent::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "HDC302x:\n"
                 "  Heater: %s",
-                this->heater_active_ ? "active" : "inactive");
+                this->heater_active_ ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("active") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("inactive"));
   LOG_I2C_DEVICE(this);
   LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Temperature", this->temp_sensor_);
diff --git a/esphome/components/hdc302x/sensor.py b/esphome/components/hdc302x/sensor.py
index a6265b9b98..6d91c3df7c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hdc302x/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hdc302x/sensor.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import automation
 from esphome.automation import maybe_simple_id
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -16,6 +18,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -62,7 +67,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
@@ -86,7 +91,7 @@ HDC302X_HEATER_POWER_MAP = {
 }
 
 
-def heater_power_value(value):
+def heater_power_value(value: Any) -> cv.Lambda | int:
     """Accept enum names or raw uint16 values"""
     if isinstance(value, cv.Lambda):
         return value
@@ -119,7 +124,12 @@ HDC302X_HEATER_ON_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
     HDC302X_HEATER_ON_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def hdc302x_heater_on_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def hdc302x_heater_on_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_POWER], args, cg.uint16)
@@ -135,7 +145,12 @@ async def hdc302x_heater_on_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     HDC302X_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def hdc302x_heater_off_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def hdc302x_heater_off_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/he60r/cover.py b/esphome/components/he60r/cover.py
index a3a1b19f5a..4cb635b047 100644
--- a/esphome/components/he60r/cover.py
+++ b/esphome/components/he60r/cover.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import cover, uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CLOSE_DURATION, CONF_OPEN_DURATION
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 he60r_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("he60r")
 HE60rCover = he60r_ns.class_("HE60rCover", cover.Cover, cg.Component)
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await cover.new_cover(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/he60r/he60r.cpp b/esphome/components/he60r/he60r.cpp
index 84edbb2866..f49224f17c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/he60r/he60r.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/he60r/he60r.cpp
@@ -44,8 +44,9 @@ void HE60rCover::dump_config() {
                 "  Close Duration: %.1fs",
                 this->open_duration_ / 1e3f, this->close_duration_ / 1e3f);
   auto restore = this->restore_state_();
-  if (restore.has_value())
+  if (restore.has_value()) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Saved position %d%%", (int) (restore->position * 100.f));
+  }
 }
 
 void HE60rCover::endstop_reached_(CoverOperation operation) {
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ void HE60rCover::endstop_reached_(CoverOperation operation) {
     if (this->last_command_ == operation) {
       float dur = (float) (now - this->start_dir_time_) / 1e3f;
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s' - %s endstop reached. Took %.1fs.", this->name_.c_str(),
-               operation == COVER_OPERATION_OPENING ? "Open" : "Close", dur);
+               operation == COVER_OPERATION_OPENING ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("Open") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("Close"), dur);
     }
     this->publish_state();
   }
@@ -77,8 +78,9 @@ void HE60rCover::process_rx_(uint8_t data) {
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Process RX data %X", data);
   if (!this->query_seen_) {
     this->query_seen_ = data == QUERY_BYTE;
-    if (!this->query_seen_)
+    if (!this->query_seen_) {
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "RX Byte %02X", data);
+    }
     return;
   }
   switch (data) {
@@ -213,9 +215,9 @@ void HE60rCover::start_direction_(CoverOperation dir) {
   if (this->current_operation == dir)
     return;
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s' - Direction '%s' requested.", this->name_.c_str(),
-           dir == COVER_OPERATION_OPENING   ? "OPEN"
-           : dir == COVER_OPERATION_CLOSING ? "CLOSE"
-                                            : "STOP");
+           dir == COVER_OPERATION_OPENING   ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("OPEN")
+           : dir == COVER_OPERATION_CLOSING ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("CLOSE")
+                                            : LOG_STR_LITERAL("STOP"));
 
   if (dir == this->next_direction_) {
     // either moving and needs to stop, or stopped and will move correctly on one trigger
diff --git a/esphome/components/heatpumpir/climate.py b/esphome/components/heatpumpir/climate.py
index 21f7ea6393..2583839ca8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/heatpumpir/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/heatpumpir/climate.py
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
     cg.add(var.set_protocol(config[CONF_PROTOCOL]))
     cg.add(var.set_horizontal_default(config[CONF_HORIZONTAL_DEFAULT]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/hitachi_ac344/climate.py b/esphome/components/hitachi_ac344/climate.py
index ebdf4e8db4..15da73b79c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hitachi_ac344/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hitachi_ac344/climate.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 
@@ -9,5 +10,5 @@ HitachiClimate = hitachi_ac344_ns.class_("HitachiClimate", climate_ir.ClimateIR)
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(HitachiClimate)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/hitachi_ac424/climate.py b/esphome/components/hitachi_ac424/climate.py
index fde4e77545..d2a66223b1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hitachi_ac424/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hitachi_ac424/climate.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 
@@ -9,5 +10,5 @@ HitachiClimate = hitachi_ac424_ns.class_("HitachiClimate", climate_ir.ClimateIR)
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(HitachiClimate)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/hlk_fm22x/hlk_fm22x.cpp b/esphome/components/hlk_fm22x/hlk_fm22x.cpp
index 964d26dfbc..a924259802 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hlk_fm22x/hlk_fm22x.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/hlk_fm22x/hlk_fm22x.cpp
@@ -336,7 +336,8 @@ void HlkFm22xComponent::dump_config() {
   }
   if (this->enrolling_binary_sensor_) {
     LOG_BINARY_SENSOR("  ", "Enrolling", this->enrolling_binary_sensor_);
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "    Current Value: %s", this->enrolling_binary_sensor_->state ? "ON" : "OFF");
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "    Current Value: %s",
+                  this->enrolling_binary_sensor_->state ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("ON") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("OFF"));
   }
   if (this->face_count_sensor_) {
     LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Face Count", this->face_count_sensor_);
diff --git a/esphome/components/hlw8012/hlw8012.cpp b/esphome/components/hlw8012/hlw8012.cpp
index c92c76a20a..9ef81f075d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hlw8012/hlw8012.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/hlw8012/hlw8012.cpp
@@ -97,7 +97,8 @@ void HLW8012Component::update() {
 
   if (this->change_mode_every_ != 0 && this->change_mode_at_++ == this->change_mode_every_) {
     this->current_mode_ = !this->current_mode_;
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Changing mode to %s mode", this->current_mode_ ? "CURRENT" : "VOLTAGE");
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Changing mode to %s mode",
+             this->current_mode_ ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("CURRENT") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("VOLTAGE"));
     this->change_mode_at_ = 0;
     this->sel_pin_->digital_write(this->current_mode_);
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/hlw8012/sensor.py b/esphome/components/hlw8012/sensor.py
index 1d793ac6b1..384477be3d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hlw8012/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hlw8012/sensor.py
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_WATT_HOURS,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["pulse_counter"]
 
@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if CORE.is_esp32:
         include_builtin_idf_component("esp_driver_pcnt")
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/hlw8032/sensor.py b/esphome/components/hlw8032/sensor.py
index 846c9a398b..7b069d85d0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hlw8032/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hlw8032/sensor.py
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_VOLT_AMPS,
     UNIT_WATT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
 
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/hm3301/sensor.py b/esphome/components/hm3301/sensor.py
index 9546ae1c3c..2fa82b2710 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hm3301/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hm3301/sensor.py
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_MICROGRAMS_PER_CUBIC_METER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ HM3301Component = hm3301_ns.class_(
 UNIT_INDEX = "index"
 
 
-def _validate(config):
+def _validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_AQI in config and CONF_PM_2_5 not in config:
         raise cv.Invalid("AQI sensor requires PM 2.5")
     if CONF_AQI in config and CONF_PM_10_0 not in config:
@@ -86,7 +87,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/hmc5883l/sensor.py b/esphome/components/hmc5883l/sensor.py
index cf3c594f36..a2e1f8054a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hmc5883l/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hmc5883l/sensor.py
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import Any
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
@@ -17,6 +20,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_DEGREES,
     UNIT_MICROTESLA,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -59,14 +64,16 @@ HMC5883L_RANGES = {
 }
 
 
-def validate_enum(enum_values, units=None, int=True):
+def validate_enum(
+    enum_values: dict[Any, Any], units: str | list[str] | None = None, int: bool = True
+) -> Callable[[Any], Any]:
     _units = []
     if units is not None:
         _units = units if isinstance(units, list) else [units]
         _units = [str(x) for x in _units]
     enum_bound = cv.enum(enum_values, int=int)
 
-    def validate_enum_bound(value):
+    def validate_enum_bound(value: Any) -> Any:
         value = cv.string(value)
         for unit in _units:
             if value.endswith(unit):
@@ -112,7 +119,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-def auto_data_rate(config):
+def auto_data_rate(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     interval_msec = config[CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL].total_milliseconds
     interval_hz = 1000.0 / interval_msec
     for datarate in sorted(HMC5883LDatarates.keys()):
@@ -121,7 +128,7 @@ def auto_data_rate(config):
     return HMC5883LDatarates[75]
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/__init__.py b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..958b495c2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import modbus
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+CODEOWNERS = ["@zweckj"]
+DEPENDENCIES = ["modbus"]
+MULTI_CONF = True
+
+CONF_HOERMANN_HCP_ID = "hoermann_hcp_id"
+
+hoermann_hcp_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("hoermann_hcp")
+HoermannHcp = hoermann_hcp_ns.class_(
+    "HoermannHcp", cg.PollingComponent, modbus.ModbusServerDevice
+)
+
+# The Hoermann UAP module answers on Modbus server address 2.
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    cv.Schema({cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(HoermannHcp)})
+    .extend(cv.polling_component_schema("500ms"))
+    .extend(modbus.modbus_device_schema(0x02, role="server"))
+)
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = modbus.final_validate_modbus_device(
+    "hoermann_hcp", role="server"
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    await modbus.register_modbus_server_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/binary_sensor/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3de6a161e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import binary_sensor
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import DEVICE_CLASS_CONNECTIVITY, ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+from .. import CONF_HOERMANN_HCP_ID, HoermannHcp, hoermann_hcp_ns
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["hoermann_hcp"]
+
+CONF_IS_CONNECTED = "is_connected"
+
+HoermannHcpConnectedBinarySensor = hoermann_hcp_ns.class_(
+    "HoermannHcpConnectedBinarySensor", binary_sensor.BinarySensor, cg.Component
+)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(CONF_HOERMANN_HCP_ID): cv.use_id(HoermannHcp),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_IS_CONNECTED): binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(
+                HoermannHcpConnectedBinarySensor,
+                device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_CONNECTIVITY,
+                entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
+            ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
+        }
+    ),
+    cv.has_at_least_one_key(CONF_IS_CONNECTED),
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    if (conf := config.get(CONF_IS_CONNECTED)) is not None:
+        parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_HOERMANN_HCP_ID])
+        var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(conf, parent)
+        await cg.register_component(var, conf)
diff --git a/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/binary_sensor/hoermann_hcp_binary_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/binary_sensor/hoermann_hcp_binary_sensor.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..edce6ce4c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/binary_sensor/hoermann_hcp_binary_sensor.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#include "hoermann_hcp_binary_sensor.h"
+
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "hoermann_hcp.binary_sensor";
+
+void HoermannHcpConnectedBinarySensor::setup() {
+  // Publishing unconditionally is deliberate: the base class dedupes, and filters need every input to drive
+  // their timers.
+  this->parent_->add_on_state_callback([this]() { this->publish_state(this->parent_->is_valid()); });
+  this->publish_initial_state(this->parent_->is_valid());
+}
+
+void HoermannHcpConnectedBinarySensor::dump_config() { LOG_BINARY_SENSOR("", "Hoermann HCP Connected", this); }
+
+}  // namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp
diff --git a/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/binary_sensor/hoermann_hcp_binary_sensor.h b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/binary_sensor/hoermann_hcp_binary_sensor.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c111c17834
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/binary_sensor/hoermann_hcp_binary_sensor.h
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "../hoermann_hcp.h"
+
+namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp {
+
+class HoermannHcpConnectedBinarySensor : public binary_sensor::BinarySensor, public Component {
+ public:
+  explicit HoermannHcpConnectedBinarySensor(HoermannHcp *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
+
+  void setup() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+
+ protected:
+  HoermannHcp *const parent_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp
diff --git a/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/button/__init__.py b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/button/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dc2efcec44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/button/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import button
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import ICON_AIR_FILTER
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+from .. import CONF_HOERMANN_HCP_ID, HoermannHcp, hoermann_hcp_ns
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["hoermann_hcp"]
+
+CONF_HALF_OPEN = "half_open"
+CONF_VENT = "vent"
+
+ICON_GARAGE_OPEN_VARIANT = "mdi:garage-open-variant"
+
+HoermannHcpVentButton = hoermann_hcp_ns.class_("HoermannHcpVentButton", button.Button)
+HoermannHcpHalfOpenButton = hoermann_hcp_ns.class_(
+    "HoermannHcpHalfOpenButton", button.Button
+)
+
+BUTTON_KEYS = (CONF_VENT, CONF_HALF_OPEN)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(CONF_HOERMANN_HCP_ID): cv.use_id(HoermannHcp),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_VENT): button.button_schema(
+                HoermannHcpVentButton, icon=ICON_AIR_FILTER
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_HALF_OPEN): button.button_schema(
+                HoermannHcpHalfOpenButton, icon=ICON_GARAGE_OPEN_VARIANT
+            ),
+        }
+    ),
+    cv.has_at_least_one_key(*BUTTON_KEYS),
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_HOERMANN_HCP_ID])
+    for key in BUTTON_KEYS:
+        if (conf := config.get(key)) is not None:
+            await button.new_button(conf, parent)
diff --git a/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/button/hoermann_hcp_button.h b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/button/hoermann_hcp_button.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e9ebceee88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/button/hoermann_hcp_button.h
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/components/button/button.h"
+#include "../hoermann_hcp.h"
+
+namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp {
+
+// The door commands the cover has no equivalent for. A refused command is already reported by the hub and
+// leaves nothing to correct here, because a button carries no state of its own.
+class HoermannHcpButton : public button::Button {
+ public:
+  explicit HoermannHcpButton(HoermannHcp *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
+
+ protected:
+  HoermannHcp *const parent_;
+};
+
+class HoermannHcpVentButton final : public HoermannHcpButton {
+ public:
+  using HoermannHcpButton::HoermannHcpButton;
+
+ protected:
+  void press_action() override { this->parent_->vent_door(); }
+};
+
+class HoermannHcpHalfOpenButton final : public HoermannHcpButton {
+ public:
+  using HoermannHcpButton::HoermannHcpButton;
+
+ protected:
+  void press_action() override { this->parent_->half_open_door(); }
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp
diff --git a/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/cover/__init__.py b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/cover/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..50deacff63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/cover/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import cover
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+from .. import CONF_HOERMANN_HCP_ID, HoermannHcp, hoermann_hcp_ns
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["hoermann_hcp"]
+
+HoermannHcpCover = hoermann_hcp_ns.class_("HoermannHcpCover", cover.Cover, cg.Component)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    cover.cover_schema(HoermannHcpCover)
+    .extend({cv.GenerateID(CONF_HOERMANN_HCP_ID): cv.use_id(HoermannHcp)})
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_HOERMANN_HCP_ID])
+    var = await cover.new_cover(config, parent)
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/cover/hoermann_hcp_cover.cpp b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/cover/hoermann_hcp_cover.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..66a141758e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/cover/hoermann_hcp_cover.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+#include "hoermann_hcp_cover.h"
+
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "hoermann_hcp.cover";
+
+cover::CoverTraits HoermannHcpCover::get_traits() {
+  cover::CoverTraits traits;
+  traits.set_supports_position(true);
+  traits.set_supports_stop(true);
+  traits.set_supports_toggle(true);
+  return traits;
+}
+
+void HoermannHcpCover::setup() {
+  // Nothing is published before the bus controller is heard from, and the untouched position reads as fully
+  // open, so flag the entity until the first contact clears it again.
+  this->status_set_warning("waiting for the bus controller");
+  this->parent_->add_on_state_callback([this]() { this->update_from_state_(); });
+}
+
+void HoermannHcpCover::dump_config() { LOG_COVER("", "Hoermann HCP Cover", this); }
+
+void HoermannHcpCover::control(const cover::CoverCall &call) {
+  bool accepted = true;
+  if (call.get_stop())
+    accepted &= this->parent_->stop_door();
+  if (call.get_toggle().has_value())
+    accepted &= this->parent_->impulse_door();
+  if (const auto position = call.get_position())
+    accepted &= this->parent_->set_position(*position);
+  if (!accepted) {
+    // The command never reached the door, so publish the unchanged state over the one the caller assumed.
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Command was not accepted by the door");
+    this->publish_state(false);
+  }
+}
+
+void HoermannHcpCover::update_from_state_() {
+  if (!this->parent_->is_valid()) {
+    this->status_set_warning();
+    // The door can now move unheard, so drop the baseline a direction would be inferred from and stop
+    // reporting motion instead of leaving the cover travelling until the controller returns.
+    this->previous_position_ = NAN;
+    if (this->current_operation != cover::COVER_OPERATION_IDLE) {
+      this->current_operation = cover::COVER_OPERATION_IDLE;
+      this->publish_state();
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+  this->status_clear_warning();
+
+  const auto previous_operation = this->current_operation;
+  const float current_position = this->parent_->get_current_position();
+  switch (this->parent_->get_door_state()) {
+    case DoorState::OPENING:
+      this->current_operation = cover::COVER_OPERATION_OPENING;
+      break;
+    case DoorState::CLOSING:
+      this->current_operation = cover::COVER_OPERATION_CLOSING;
+      break;
+    case DoorState::MOVE_VENTING:
+    case DoorState::MOVE_HALF:
+      // These states carry no direction, so keep the current one until the position actually moves.
+      if (!std::isnan(this->previous_position_) && current_position != this->previous_position_) {
+        this->current_operation = current_position > this->previous_position_ ? cover::COVER_OPERATION_OPENING
+                                                                              : cover::COVER_OPERATION_CLOSING;
+      }
+      break;
+    default:
+      this->current_operation = cover::COVER_OPERATION_IDLE;
+      break;
+  }
+  this->previous_position_ = current_position;
+
+  // Compare against the position last published, which starts at COVER_OPEN rather than at zero.
+  const bool changed = this->position != current_position || previous_operation != this->current_operation;
+  this->position = current_position;
+  if (changed) {
+    // The bus reports the position on every broadcast, so nothing here is worth restoring from flash.
+    this->publish_state(false);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp
diff --git a/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/cover/hoermann_hcp_cover.h b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/cover/hoermann_hcp_cover.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1ba8328fd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/cover/hoermann_hcp_cover.h
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cmath>
+
+#include "esphome/components/cover/cover.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "../hoermann_hcp.h"
+
+namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp {
+
+class HoermannHcpCover : public cover::Cover, public Component {
+ public:
+  explicit HoermannHcpCover(HoermannHcp *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
+
+  void setup() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+  cover::CoverTraits get_traits() override;
+  void control(const cover::CoverCall &call) override;
+
+ protected:
+  void update_from_state_();
+  HoermannHcp *const parent_;
+  // NAN until the first position is observed, so no direction is inferred from a baseline that never existed.
+  float previous_position_{NAN};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp
diff --git a/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/hoermann_hcp.cpp b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/hoermann_hcp.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4aa2c79bb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/hoermann_hcp.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,470 @@
+#include "hoermann_hcp.h"
+
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "hoermann_hcp";
+
+// Hoermann HCP holding-register blocks.
+static constexpr uint16_t COMMAND_REG = 0x9C41;    // Commands written by the bus controller
+static constexpr uint16_t STATE_REG = 0x9CB9;      // Internal state read back by the bus controller
+static constexpr uint16_t BROADCAST_REG = 0x9D31;  // Door status broadcast by the bus controller
+static constexpr float CLOSE_POSITION_THRESHOLD = 0.05f;
+static constexpr float OPEN_POSITION_THRESHOLD = 0.95f;
+// Only the parity of the outstanding toggles says where the lamp is heading, so the count must not run away.
+static constexpr uint8_t MAX_LIGHT_TOGGLES_IN_FLIGHT = 4;
+
+// Command encoding: the high byte of the first register is the phase (0x02 pressed, 0x01 released) and the
+// rest names the button - the low byte for the door commands, the second register for those that do not fit
+// there. Both halves repeat that name, so neither register is a level to hold; they carry one event each.
+static constexpr HoermannHcpCommand COMMAND_OPEN{"open", 0x0210, 0x0110};
+static constexpr HoermannHcpCommand COMMAND_CLOSE{"close", 0x0220, 0x0120};
+static constexpr HoermannHcpCommand COMMAND_IMPULSE{"impulse", 0x0240, 0x0140};
+// The intermediate positions are named in the second register, so the first only carries the phase.
+static constexpr HoermannHcpCommand COMMAND_VENT{"vent", 0x0200, 0x0100, 0x4000, 0x4000};
+static constexpr HoermannHcpCommand COMMAND_HALF_OPEN{"half open", 0x0200, 0x0100, 0x0400, 0x0400};
+// The lamp is named in the second register, but its phase bytes follow no scheme the door commands share.
+static constexpr HoermannHcpCommand COMMAND_TOGGLE_LAMP{"toggle light", 0x0100, 0x0800, 0x0200, 0x0200, false};
+
+// High byte of the state register and the door state it stands for. State 0x00 is decoded separately because
+// its low byte tells a plain stop from the vent position.
+struct DoorStateMapping {
+  uint8_t code;
+  DoorState state;
+};
+static constexpr DoorStateMapping DOOR_STATE_MAPPINGS[] = {
+    {0x01, DoorState::OPENING},      {0x02, DoorState::CLOSING},   {0x05, DoorState::MOVE_HALF},
+    {0x09, DoorState::MOVE_VENTING}, {0x0A, DoorState::VENT},      {0x20, DoorState::OPEN},
+    {0x40, DoorState::CLOSED},       {0x80, DoorState::HALF_OPEN},
+};
+
+// The hub rejects a reply whose register count does not match the request, so an unrecognized block length
+// is padded with zeros rather than answered with an exception that would fail the controller's whole poll.
+static void push_zeros(modbus::RegisterValues &registers, uint16_t count) {
+  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < count; i++)
+    registers.push_back(0x0000);
+}
+
+// True while the door is travelling. An impulse toggles the door, so it only stops one that is moving.
+static bool is_moving(DoorState state) {
+  switch (state) {
+    case DoorState::OPENING:
+    case DoorState::CLOSING:
+    case DoorState::MOVE_HALF:
+    case DoorState::MOVE_VENTING:
+      return true;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+
+void HoermannHcp::update() {
+  const uint32_t now = millis();
+  // Time out the connection flag if the bus controller stopped polling.
+  if (this->valid_ && now - this->last_response_ > this->connection_timeout_ms_)
+    this->set_valid_(false);
+  // Status broadcasts alone keep the connection alive, so a command the controller never fetches would
+  // otherwise block every later one for as long as it keeps broadcasting.
+  if (this->next_command_ != nullptr && now - this->command_queued_at_ > this->connection_timeout_ms_) {
+    // Dropping after the press was presented leaves the door without its release value, which is worth saying
+    // apart from a command the controller never looked at.
+    if (this->command_written_at_ != 0) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Bus controller stopped polling during '%s' command, dropping it mid key press",
+               this->next_command_->name);
+    } else {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Bus controller did not fetch '%s' command, dropping it", this->next_command_->name);
+    }
+    this->drop_command_();
+    // Children may have assumed the command would land, so let them re-derive from the door.
+    this->changed_ = true;
+  }
+  // A target waits for a door still travelling the other way to turn around. If it never does, the target has
+  // to go as well, otherwise it would cut a later move short. The connection timeout doubles as that window.
+  if (this->has_target_() && !this->target_started_ && now - this->target_queued_at_ > this->connection_timeout_ms_) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Door did not start moving towards the requested position, dropping it");
+    this->clear_target_();
+  }
+  // The door took the lamp key press but never reported the lamp changing, so stop expecting it to.
+  if (this->light_toggle_released_at_ != 0 && now - this->light_toggle_released_at_ > this->connection_timeout_ms_) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Door did not report the lamp changing, giving up on the toggle");
+    this->forget_light_toggles_();
+  }
+  if (this->changed_) {
+    this->changed_ = false;
+    this->state_callback_.call();
+  }
+}
+
+void HoermannHcp::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "Hoermann HCP bridge:\n"
+                "  Modbus server address: 0x%02X",
+                this->get_address());
+}
+
+modbus::ResponseStatus HoermannHcp::on_read_holding_registers(uint16_t start_address, uint16_t number_of_registers,
+                                                              modbus::RegisterValues &registers) {
+  if (start_address != STATE_REG) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unknown read address 0x%04X", start_address);
+    return modbus::ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS;
+  }
+
+  this->record_response_();
+
+  // 0x17 read half: STATE_REG is read back right after COMMAND_REG was written, so echo the stored message
+  // counter (high byte) and command (low byte). The read length identifies which internal block is requested.
+  const uint16_t counter = this->command_reg_value_ & 0xFF00;
+  const uint16_t command = static_cast<uint16_t>((this->command_reg_value_ & 0x00FF) << 8);
+
+  switch (number_of_registers) {
+    case 8:
+      // Command request: return the internal state, injecting any pending command.
+      registers.push_back(counter);
+      registers.push_back(static_cast<uint16_t>(0x0001 | command));
+      this->push_command_registers_(registers);
+      push_zeros(registers, 4);
+      break;
+    case 2:
+      // Empty command request.
+      registers.push_back(static_cast<uint16_t>(0x0004 | counter));
+      registers.push_back(command);
+      break;
+    case 5:
+      // Bus scan (the bus controller discovering us, typically at startup).
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Bus scan received from bus controller");
+      registers.push_back(counter);
+      registers.push_back(static_cast<uint16_t>(0x0005 | command));
+      registers.push_back(0x0430);
+      registers.push_back(0x10FF);
+      registers.push_back(0xA845);
+      break;
+    default:
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unknown read request (read %u registers)", number_of_registers);
+      push_zeros(registers, number_of_registers);
+      break;
+  }
+
+  return {};
+}
+
+modbus::ResponseStatus HoermannHcp::on_write_registers(uint16_t start_address,
+                                                       const modbus::RegisterValues &registers) {
+  if (start_address == COMMAND_REG) {
+    // 0x17 write half: stash the command register so the following read half can echo its message counter and
+    // command byte back from STATE_REG. The hub always runs the write before the read within one request.
+    this->record_response_();
+    this->command_reg_value_ = registers[0];
+    return {};
+  }
+
+  if (start_address != BROADCAST_REG) {
+    // Every device sees every broadcast, so a frame meant for another node is ordinary traffic
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Ignoring write to address 0x%04X", start_address);
+    return modbus::ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS;
+  }
+
+  this->record_response_();
+
+  // Door status broadcast. The state is decoded first so that a frame reporting both a new state and a new
+  // position checks the target against the new state.
+  if (registers.size() > 2)
+    this->on_state_reg_(registers[2]);
+  if (registers.size() > 1)
+    this->on_position_reg_(registers[1]);
+  if (registers.size() > 6) {
+    this->on_light_reg_(registers[6]);
+    return {};
+  }
+  // Nothing refreshes the lamp any more, so what was read before must not be commanded against.
+  this->set_light_seen_(false);
+  if (!this->short_broadcast_logged_) {
+    this->short_broadcast_logged_ = true;
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Broadcast of %u registers carries no lamp state", static_cast<unsigned>(registers.size()));
+  }
+  return {};
+}
+
+void HoermannHcp::push_command_registers_(modbus::RegisterValues &registers) {
+  const HoermannHcpCommand *command = this->next_command_;
+  if (command == nullptr) {
+    push_zeros(registers, 2);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (this->command_written_at_ == 0) {
+    // First read after the command was queued: present the "key pressed" values.
+    this->command_written_at_ = millis();
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Sending '%s' command to door", command->name);
+    registers.push_back(command->pressed_value);
+    registers.push_back(command->pressed_value_2);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (millis() - this->command_written_at_ <= this->key_press_delay_ms_) {
+    // Between the two events there is nothing to report, including in the second register.
+    push_zeros(registers, 2);
+    return;
+  }
+  // Enough time passed: present the "key released" values and clear the command.
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Released '%s' command", command->name);
+  this->command_written_at_ = 0;
+  this->next_command_ = nullptr;
+  // A toggle whose count was already settled, by a lamp change reported from the door's side, has nothing left
+  // to wait for, so it must not re-arm the watchdog.
+  if (command == &COMMAND_TOGGLE_LAMP && this->light_toggles_in_flight_ != 0)
+    this->light_toggle_released_at_ = millis();
+  registers.push_back(command->released_value);
+  registers.push_back(command->released_value_2);
+}
+
+void HoermannHcp::on_position_reg_(uint16_t value) {
+  // Low byte: current position.
+  const uint8_t position = static_cast<uint8_t>(value);
+  if (this->position_raw_ == position)
+    return;
+
+  this->position_raw_ = position;
+  this->update_current_position_();
+  // Until the door actually travels the way it was told to, its position says nothing about the target.
+  if (!this->has_target_() || !this->target_started_)
+    return;
+
+  // The door only knows "open" and "close", so a half-open target is reached by stopping it on the way.
+  const bool reached = this->target_direction_ == DoorState::OPENING
+                           ? this->current_position_ >= this->target_position_
+                           : this->current_position_ <= this->target_position_;
+  if (reached)
+    this->stop_door();
+}
+
+void HoermannHcp::on_state_reg_(uint16_t value) {
+  // The low byte is part of the state for 0x00, so the whole register has to be compared, not just the high byte.
+  const uint16_t previous = this->prev_state_reg_;
+  this->prev_state_reg_ = value;
+  if (previous == value)
+    return;
+
+  const uint8_t state = value >> 8;
+  if (state == 0x00) {
+    // Low byte 0x61 marks the door resting in the vent position, anything else a plain stop.
+    this->set_door_state_((value & 0x00FF) == 0x61 ? DoorState::VENT : DoorState::STOPPED);
+    return;
+  }
+  for (const auto &mapping : DOOR_STATE_MAPPINGS) {
+    if (mapping.code == state) {
+      this->set_door_state_(mapping.state);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  // The low byte can change on its own, so only report a state we cannot decode once.
+  if (state != (previous >> 8)) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unknown door state 0x%02X", state);
+  }
+}
+
+// Low byte of register 6: bit 0x10 is the lamp, bit 0x04 the relay. The reference implementation records
+// 0x00, 0x04, 0x10 and 0x14, so only the lamp bit decides here.
+void HoermannHcp::on_light_reg_(uint16_t value) {
+  this->set_light_seen_(true);
+  this->set_light_on_((value & 0x0010) != 0);
+}
+
+bool HoermannHcp::queue_command_(const HoermannHcpCommand &command) {
+  if (!this->valid_) {
+    // Queueing now would fire the command whenever the controller comes back, which may be much later.
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Not connected to the bus controller, dropping '%s' command", command.name);
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (this->next_command_ != nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Previous command not yet fetched by the bus controller");
+    return false;
+  }
+  // A new command supersedes any half-open target the door was still travelling to.
+  if (command.clears_target)
+    this->clear_target_();
+  this->next_command_ = &command;
+  this->command_queued_at_ = millis();
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool HoermannHcp::open_door() { return this->queue_command_(COMMAND_OPEN); }
+bool HoermannHcp::close_door() { return this->queue_command_(COMMAND_CLOSE); }
+bool HoermannHcp::impulse_door() { return this->queue_command_(COMMAND_IMPULSE); }
+bool HoermannHcp::vent_door() { return this->queue_command_(COMMAND_VENT); }
+bool HoermannHcp::half_open_door() { return this->queue_command_(COMMAND_HALF_OPEN); }
+bool HoermannHcp::toggle_light() {
+  if (this->light_toggles_in_flight_ >= MAX_LIGHT_TOGGLES_IN_FLIGHT) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Too many lamp toggles are still waiting to be confirmed, dropping this one");
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (!this->queue_command_(COMMAND_TOGGLE_LAMP))
+    return false;
+  this->light_toggles_in_flight_++;
+  return true;
+}
+bool HoermannHcp::is_light_toggle_pending_() const { return this->next_command_ == &COMMAND_TOGGLE_LAMP; }
+
+uint8_t HoermannHcp::unsent_light_toggles_() const {
+  return this->is_light_toggle_pending_() && this->command_written_at_ == 0 ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+bool HoermannHcp::cancel_light_toggle() {
+  // Once the pressed value has been presented the key press is already on the wire, so only an untouched
+  // command can be withdrawn.
+  if (!this->is_light_toggle_pending_() || this->command_written_at_ != 0)
+    return false;
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Cancelling '%s' command the controller had not fetched", this->next_command_->name);
+  this->drop_command_();
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool HoermannHcp::stop_door() {
+  if (!is_moving(this->door_state_)) {
+    this->clear_target_();
+    return true;
+  }
+  // On success queue_command_() clears the target; on refusal it stays armed so the next position retries.
+  return this->queue_command_(COMMAND_IMPULSE);
+}
+
+bool HoermannHcp::set_position(float position) {
+  // The first and last movement segments are inconsistent on some doors, so snap to fully open/closed.
+  if (position <= CLOSE_POSITION_THRESHOLD)
+    return this->close_door();
+  if (position >= OPEN_POSITION_THRESHOLD)
+    return this->open_door();
+  // Asking the door to travel to where it already is means stopping it.
+  if (position == this->current_position_)
+    return this->stop_door();
+
+  // The door itself has no notion of a target, so it is started in the right direction and stopped on the way.
+  const bool opening = position > this->current_position_;
+  if (!this->queue_command_(opening ? COMMAND_OPEN : COMMAND_CLOSE))
+    return false;
+  this->target_position_ = position;
+  this->target_queued_at_ = millis();
+  this->target_direction_ = opening ? DoorState::OPENING : DoorState::CLOSING;
+  // A door already travelling that way is on its way; one moving the other way has to turn around first.
+  this->target_started_ = this->door_state_ == this->target_direction_;
+  return true;
+}
+
+void HoermannHcp::record_response_() {
+  this->last_response_ = millis();
+  this->set_valid_(true);
+}
+
+void HoermannHcp::set_valid_(bool valid) {
+  if (this->valid_ == valid)
+    return;
+  this->valid_ = valid;
+  this->changed_ = true;
+  if (valid) {
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Bus controller connected");
+    return;
+  }
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Bus controller connection lost (no request for %" PRIu32 "ms)", millis() - this->last_response_);
+  // Drop what the controller never fetched, so it neither blocks later commands nor fires on reconnect.
+  this->drop_command_();
+  // The door cannot be watched while the bus is quiet, so a target left armed would stop it long afterwards.
+  this->clear_target_();
+  this->forget_light_toggles_();
+  // The lamp can be switched at the door while the bus is quiet, so what was last read is no longer trusted.
+  this->set_light_seen_(false);
+  this->short_broadcast_logged_ = false;
+}
+
+void HoermannHcp::drop_command_() {
+  const bool was_light_toggle = this->is_light_toggle_pending_();
+  // Cleared first so the settling below no longer counts this command among the toggles still to be sent.
+  this->next_command_ = nullptr;
+  this->command_written_at_ = 0;
+  if (was_light_toggle) {
+    // A lamp toggle says nothing about where the door was going, so it leaves the target alone.
+    this->light_toggle_settled_();
+  } else {
+    this->clear_target_();
+  }
+}
+
+void HoermannHcp::light_toggle_settled_() {
+  if (this->light_toggles_in_flight_ == 0)
+    return;
+  this->light_toggles_in_flight_--;
+  // Only a toggle the door has been shown can still be confirmed, so unsent ones leave nothing to wait for.
+  if (this->light_toggles_in_flight_ == this->unsent_light_toggles_())
+    this->light_toggle_released_at_ = 0;
+  // The light was showing where the lamp was heading, so it has to be told to look again.
+  this->changed_ = true;
+}
+
+void HoermannHcp::forget_light_toggles_() {
+  // Nothing outstanding must always mean nothing to wait for, or the watchdog below would fire for ever.
+  this->light_toggle_released_at_ = 0;
+  // A toggle the door has not been shown yet is still going to fire, so it keeps counting.
+  const uint8_t unsent = this->unsent_light_toggles_();
+  if (this->light_toggles_in_flight_ == unsent)
+    return;
+  this->light_toggles_in_flight_ = unsent;
+  this->changed_ = true;
+}
+
+void HoermannHcp::set_door_state_(DoorState state) {
+  if (this->door_state_ == state)
+    return;
+  this->door_state_ = state;
+  this->changed_ = true;
+  this->update_current_position_();
+  if (!this->has_target_())
+    return;
+  if (state == this->target_direction_) {
+    this->target_started_ = true;
+  } else if (this->target_started_ && !is_moving(state)) {
+    // The door came to rest without reaching the target, so the request it belonged to is over.
+    this->clear_target_();
+  }
+}
+
+void HoermannHcp::update_current_position_() {
+  // Doors do not always park at exactly 0 or 200, and Cover::is_fully_closed() is an exact comparison, so
+  // trust the reported end stop over the raw count.
+  float position = static_cast<float>(this->position_raw_) / 200.0f;
+  if (this->door_state_ == DoorState::CLOSED) {
+    position = 0.0f;
+  } else if (this->door_state_ == DoorState::OPEN) {
+    position = 1.0f;
+  }
+  if (this->current_position_ != position) {
+    this->current_position_ = position;
+    this->changed_ = true;
+  }
+}
+
+void HoermannHcp::clear_target_() {
+  this->target_position_ = 0.0f;
+  this->target_started_ = false;
+}
+
+void HoermannHcp::set_light_on_(bool on) {
+  if (this->light_on_ == on)
+    return;
+  this->light_on_ = on;
+  this->changed_ = true;
+  if (this->light_toggles_in_flight_ <= this->unsent_light_toggles_()) {
+    // The door has not been shown a toggle that could explain this, so the lamp was switched at the door.
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Lamp %s at the door", ONOFF(on));
+    return;
+  }
+  // The door acted, so one of the toggles it has seen has arrived. Any others still count.
+  this->light_toggle_settled_();
+}
+
+void HoermannHcp::set_light_seen_(bool seen) {
+  if (this->light_seen_ == seen)
+    return;
+  this->light_seen_ = seen;
+  // A resting door changes nothing else, so without this the light would never hear about it.
+  this->changed_ = true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp
diff --git a/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/hoermann_hcp.h b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/hoermann_hcp.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..83be385c7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/hoermann_hcp.h
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "esphome/components/modbus/modbus.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp {
+
+// Door state as reported by the Hoermann bus controller.
+enum class DoorState : uint8_t {
+  OPEN,
+  OPENING,
+  CLOSED,
+  CLOSING,
+  HALF_OPEN,
+  MOVE_VENTING,
+  VENT,
+  MOVE_HALF,
+  STOPPED,
+};
+
+// A HCP command is a simulated key press: the pressed value is presented to the bus controller, then after a
+// short delay the released value. Each half also carries a second register, which names the buttons that do
+// not fit into the first.
+struct HoermannHcpCommand {
+  const char *name;
+  uint16_t pressed_value;
+  uint16_t released_value;
+  uint16_t pressed_value_2{0x0000};
+  uint16_t released_value_2{0x0000};
+  // A door command supersedes a half-open target; the lamp has no bearing on where the door is going.
+  bool clears_target{true};
+};
+
+class HoermannHcp : public PollingComponent, public modbus::ModbusServerDevice {
+ public:
+  void update() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+
+  // Registered by child entities to be notified when the door state changes.
+  template<typename F> void add_on_state_callback(F &&callback) {
+    this->state_callback_.add(std::forward<F>(callback));
+  }
+
+  // Modbus server callbacks. The bus controller pushes commands and polls state with 0x17 (the hub runs the write
+  // half first, storing the command register that the read half echoes back) and broadcasts status with 0x10.
+  modbus::ResponseStatus on_write_registers(uint16_t start_address, const modbus::RegisterValues &registers) override;
+  modbus::ResponseStatus on_read_holding_registers(uint16_t start_address, uint16_t number_of_registers,
+                                                   modbus::RegisterValues &registers) override;
+
+  // Positions follow the cover convention: 0.0 is fully closed, 1.0 fully open. These return false when the bus
+  // controller cannot be asked right now, so the caller can react.
+  bool open_door();
+  bool close_door();
+  bool impulse_door();
+  // The door drives to these intermediate positions on its own, so neither takes a target to be stopped at.
+  bool vent_door();
+  bool half_open_door();
+  bool stop_door();
+  bool set_position(float position);
+  bool toggle_light();
+
+  DoorState get_door_state() const { return this->door_state_; }
+  float get_current_position() const { return this->current_position_; }
+  bool is_valid() const { return this->valid_; }
+  bool is_light_on() const { return this->light_on_; }
+  // False until a broadcast has actually carried the lamp register. Bus traffic alone makes the connection
+  // valid without saying anything about the lamp, so is_light_on() would still be its default.
+  bool is_light_known() const { return this->light_seen_; }
+  // Where the lamp ends up once every toggle on its way has landed, each of which inverts it. Until then the
+  // lamp still reads as its old self, so this is what a request has to be judged against.
+  bool is_light_heading_on() const { return this->light_on_ != (this->light_toggles_in_flight_ % 2 != 0); }
+  // Drops a lamp toggle the controller has not started reading, so a reversing request cancels it outright
+  // instead of fighting it. Returns false if there is nothing to cancel.
+  bool cancel_light_toggle();
+
+ protected:
+  // True while a lamp toggle is queued but not yet fetched, so the lamp is about to invert.
+  bool is_light_toggle_pending_() const;
+  // Toggles the door has not been shown yet, which is at most the one still waiting in the command slot.
+  uint8_t unsent_light_toggles_() const;
+  void record_response_();
+  // Returns false when the bus controller has not fetched the previous command yet.
+  bool queue_command_(const HoermannHcpCommand &command);
+  // Throws away the pending command, taking any armed target with it unless the command was the lamp toggle.
+  void drop_command_();
+  // One outstanding toggle reached the lamp, was withdrawn, or was thrown away.
+  void light_toggle_settled_();
+  // Stops expecting the toggles the door has already been shown to reach the lamp.
+  void forget_light_toggles_();
+  // Appends the two key-press registers and advances the pending command's press/release state.
+  void push_command_registers_(modbus::RegisterValues &registers);
+  void on_position_reg_(uint16_t value);
+  void on_state_reg_(uint16_t value);
+  void on_light_reg_(uint16_t value);
+
+  void set_valid_(bool valid);
+  void set_door_state_(DoorState state);
+  // Recomputes the reported position from position_raw_ and the current door state.
+  void update_current_position_();
+  bool has_target_() const { return this->target_position_ != 0.0f; }
+  void clear_target_();
+  void set_light_on_(bool on);
+  void set_light_seen_(bool seen);
+
+  CallbackManager<void()> state_callback_;
+
+  float current_position_{0.0f};
+  // Position the door was told to travel to; 0.0 means no target is armed.
+  float target_position_{0.0f};
+
+  // Pending command / key-press state machine.
+  const HoermannHcpCommand *next_command_{nullptr};
+  uint32_t command_queued_at_{0};
+  // Separate from command_queued_at_ so an unrelated command cannot extend the target's start deadline.
+  uint32_t target_queued_at_{0};
+  uint32_t command_written_at_{0};
+  uint32_t last_response_{0};
+  // When the door was last handed a lamp key press. It reports the lamp a moment later, so this bounds the
+  // wait. Queueing another toggle deliberately leaves it alone, so the one already sent keeps its deadline.
+  uint32_t light_toggle_released_at_{0};
+
+  // A command is "pressed" for this long before its end value is sent.
+  uint16_t key_press_delay_ms_{100};
+  // Drop the "connected" flag if the bus controller has not polled us for this long.
+  uint16_t connection_timeout_ms_{2000};
+  // The state starts on a value the bus controller never reports, so the first broadcast is decoded even when
+  // it reads 0x0000.
+  uint16_t prev_state_reg_{0xFFFF};
+  // 0x17 write half: command register last written to COMMAND_REG. The read half echoes its high-byte message
+  // counter and low-byte command back from STATE_REG.
+  uint16_t command_reg_value_{0};
+
+  DoorState door_state_{DoorState::CLOSED};
+  // Direction the door was started in for the current target. A target armed while the door is still travelling
+  // the other way must not be judged by the reported direction until the door has turned around.
+  DoorState target_direction_{DoorState::STOPPED};
+  // Position as reported by the bus controller, 0..200 across the full travel.
+  uint8_t position_raw_{0};
+  uint8_t light_toggles_in_flight_{0};
+  bool target_started_{false};
+  bool valid_{false};
+  bool changed_{false};
+  bool light_on_{false};
+  bool light_seen_{false};
+  bool short_broadcast_logged_{false};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp
diff --git a/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/light/__init__.py b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/light/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e895115db4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/light/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import light
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+from .. import CONF_HOERMANN_HCP_ID, HoermannHcp, hoermann_hcp_ns
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["hoermann_hcp"]
+
+HoermannHcpLight = hoermann_hcp_ns.class_(
+    "HoermannHcpLight", light.LightOutput, cg.Component
+)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    light.light_schema(HoermannHcpLight, light.LightType.BINARY)
+    .extend({cv.GenerateID(CONF_HOERMANN_HCP_ID): cv.use_id(HoermannHcp)})
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_HOERMANN_HCP_ID])
+    var = await light.new_light(config, parent)
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/light/hoermann_hcp_light.cpp b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/light/hoermann_hcp_light.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d3d784928d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/light/hoermann_hcp_light.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+#include "hoermann_hcp_light.h"
+
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "hoermann_hcp.light";
+
+light::LightTraits HoermannHcpLight::get_traits() {
+  auto traits = light::LightTraits();
+  traits.set_supported_color_modes({light::ColorMode::ON_OFF});
+  return traits;
+}
+
+void HoermannHcpLight::setup() {
+  // Nothing is known about the lamp until the bus controller is heard from, so flag the entity until then.
+  this->status_set_warning(LOG_STR("waiting for the bus controller"));
+  this->parent_->add_on_state_callback([this]() { this->update_from_state_(); });
+}
+
+void HoermannHcpLight::setup_state(light::LightState *state) { this->light_state_ = state; }
+
+void HoermannHcpLight::write_state(light::LightState *state) {
+  bool binary;
+  state->current_values_as_binary(&binary);
+  // A publish of ours only reaches write_state() a loop pass later, by which time the lamp may have moved on,
+  // so it is recognised by the value it carried rather than by the current one.
+  const optional<bool> published = this->published_state_;
+  this->published_state_.reset();
+  // LightState::setup() always performs a call, so the very first write here is the restored state coming back
+  // rather than a request.
+  const bool restored = !this->boot_replay_done_;
+  this->boot_replay_done_ = true;
+  const bool heading_on = this->parent_->is_light_heading_on();
+  if (binary == heading_on)
+    return;
+  if (restored) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Ignoring the restored state, the door decides what the lamp is doing");
+  } else if (published != binary) {
+    if (!this->parent_->is_light_known()) {
+      // Commanding a lamp that has not been read could switch off one that is already on.
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Door has not reported the lamp yet, ignoring the requested state");
+    } else if (this->parent_->cancel_light_toggle() || this->parent_->toggle_light()) {
+      // A toggle the controller has not fetched is withdrawn outright rather than fought with a second one.
+      return;
+    } else {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Light command was not accepted by the door");
+    }
+  }
+  // Nothing was sent, so the entity has to go back to showing the lamp rather than the request.
+  this->publish_lamp_state_(heading_on);
+}
+
+void HoermannHcpLight::update_from_state_() {
+  if (this->light_state_ == nullptr)
+    return;
+  if (!this->parent_->is_valid()) {
+    this->status_set_warning(LOG_STR("bus controller not responding"));
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!this->parent_->is_light_known()) {
+    // Commands are refused until the door says, so say so rather than looking healthy and doing nothing.
+    this->status_set_warning(LOG_STR("door has not reported the lamp"));
+    return;
+  }
+  this->status_clear_warning();
+  const bool heading_on = this->parent_->is_light_heading_on();
+  if (this->light_state_->remote_values.is_on() != heading_on)
+    this->publish_lamp_state_(heading_on);
+}
+
+// Re-enters write_state() a loop pass later, where published_state_ marks the write as ours.
+void HoermannHcpLight::publish_lamp_state_(bool on) {
+  this->published_state_ = on;
+  auto call = this->light_state_->make_call();
+  call.set_state(on);
+  // The bus reports the lamp on every broadcast, so nothing here is worth restoring from flash.
+  call.set_save(false);
+  call.perform();
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp
diff --git a/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/light/hoermann_hcp_light.h b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/light/hoermann_hcp_light.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..82b12cb791
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/light/hoermann_hcp_light.h
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/components/light/light_output.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "../hoermann_hcp.h"
+
+namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp {
+
+class HoermannHcpLight : public light::LightOutput, public Component {
+ public:
+  explicit HoermannHcpLight(HoermannHcp *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
+
+  void setup() override;
+  void setup_state(light::LightState *state) override;
+  light::LightTraits get_traits() override;
+  void write_state(light::LightState *state) override;
+
+ protected:
+  void update_from_state_();
+  void publish_lamp_state_(bool on);
+
+  HoermannHcp *const parent_;
+  light::LightState *light_state_{nullptr};
+  // Value last published and not yet seen come back, so the write carrying it is that publish, not a request.
+  optional<bool> published_state_;
+  // Set by the first write_state(), which is always the restored state replayed on boot.
+  bool boot_replay_done_{false};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp
diff --git a/esphome/components/homeassistant/__init__.py b/esphome/components/homeassistant/__init__.py
index 7b23775b47..1b66842f1e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/homeassistant/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/homeassistant/__init__.py
@@ -1,13 +1,19 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ATTRIBUTE, CONF_ENTITY_ID, CONF_INTERNAL
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@OttoWinter", "@esphome/core"]
 homeassistant_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("homeassistant")
 
 
-def validate_entity_domain(platform, supported_domains):
-    def validator(config):
+def validate_entity_domain(
+    platform: str, supported_domains: Iterable[str]
+) -> Callable[[ConfigType], ConfigType]:
+    def validator(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
         domain = config[CONF_ENTITY_ID].split(".", 1)[0]
         if domain not in supported_domains:
             raise cv.Invalid(
@@ -34,7 +40,7 @@ HOME_ASSISTANT_IMPORT_CONTROL_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-def setup_home_assistant_entity(var, config):
+def setup_home_assistant_entity(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add(var.set_entity_id(config[CONF_ENTITY_ID]))
     if CONF_ATTRIBUTE in config:
         cg.add(var.set_attribute(config[CONF_ATTRIBUTE]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/homeassistant/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/homeassistant/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index a943368dd7..6ea17b6831 100644
--- a/esphome/components/homeassistant/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/homeassistant/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     HOME_ASSISTANT_IMPORT_SCHEMA,
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(HomeassistantBinarySensor).ex
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     setup_home_assistant_entity(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/homeassistant/number/__init__.py b/esphome/components/homeassistant/number/__init__.py
index 8f760772c3..ab1389e13a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/homeassistant/number/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/homeassistant/number/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import number
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     HOME_ASSISTANT_IMPORT_CONTROL_SCHEMA,
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_define("USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES")
     var = await number.new_number(
         config,
diff --git a/esphome/components/homeassistant/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/homeassistant/sensor/__init__.py
index 6437476827..abee957fda 100644
--- a/esphome/components/homeassistant/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/homeassistant/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import sensor
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     HOME_ASSISTANT_IMPORT_SCHEMA,
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = sensor.sensor_schema(HomeassistantSensor, accuracy_decimals=1).e
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     setup_home_assistant_entity(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/homeassistant/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/homeassistant/switch/__init__.py
index c299a731f2..55854cd659 100644
--- a/esphome/components/homeassistant/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/homeassistant/switch/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import switch
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     HOME_ASSISTANT_IMPORT_CONTROL_SCHEMA,
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_define("USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES")
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/homeassistant/text_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/homeassistant/text_sensor/__init__.py
index b59f9d23df..265250c695 100644
--- a/esphome/components/homeassistant/text_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/homeassistant/text_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import text_sensor
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     HOME_ASSISTANT_IMPORT_SCHEMA,
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = text_sensor.text_sensor_schema(HomeassistantTextSensor).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     setup_home_assistant_entity(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/homeassistant/time/__init__.py b/esphome/components/homeassistant/time/__init__.py
index 05ca86a26e..146b8278ea 100644
--- a/esphome/components/homeassistant/time/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/homeassistant/time/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import time as time_
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_TIMEZONE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import homeassistant_ns
 
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = time_.TIME_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await time_.register_time(var, config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/honeywell_hih_i2c/sensor.py b/esphome/components/honeywell_hih_i2c/sensor.py
index 93ae2b6056..5250e1c1c7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/honeywell_hih_i2c/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/honeywell_hih_i2c/sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/honeywellabp/sensor.py b/esphome/components/honeywellabp/sensor.py
index 25d03d31a6..4b116f0f16 100644
--- a/esphome/components/honeywellabp/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/honeywellabp/sensor.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@RubyBailey"]
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/honeywellabp2_i2c/sensor.py b/esphome/components/honeywellabp2_i2c/sensor.py
index 2708e5d423..299acd4b52 100644
--- a/esphome/components/honeywellabp2_i2c/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/honeywellabp2_i2c/sensor.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/host/__init__.py b/esphome/components/host/__init__.py
index b6a3b8b615..bd074ab6b5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/host/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/host/__init__.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE
 from esphome.platformio.toolchain import copy_ccache_script
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .const import KEY_HOST
 
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ AUTO_LOAD = ["network", "preferences"]
 IS_TARGET_PLATFORM = True
 
 
-def set_core_data(config):
+def set_core_data(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     CORE.data[KEY_HOST] = {}
     CORE.data[KEY_CORE][KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM] = PLATFORM_HOST
     CORE.data[KEY_CORE][KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK] = "host"
@@ -36,11 +37,12 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.Optional(CONF_MAC_ADDRESS, default="98:35:69:ab:f6:79"): cv.mac_address,
         }
     ),
+    cv.require_platformio_toolchain("host"),
     set_core_data,
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_build_flag("-DUSE_HOST")
     cg.add_define("USE_NATIVE_64BIT_TIME")
     # The prefs file finds stored preferences by key, so key migration is possible
@@ -48,6 +50,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     cg.add_define("USE_ESPHOME_HOST_MAC_ADDRESS", config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].parts)
     cg.add_build_flag("-std=gnu++20")
     cg.add_define("ESPHOME_BOARD", "host")
+    cg.add_define("ESPHOME_VARIANT", "HOST")
     cg.add_define(ThreadModel.MULTI_ATOMICS)
     cg.add_platformio_option("platform", "platformio/native")
     cg.add_platformio_option("lib_ldf_mode", "off")
diff --git a/esphome/components/host/gpio.py b/esphome/components/host/gpio.py
index fcfb0b6c54..e39d35d077 100644
--- a/esphome/components/host/gpio.py
+++ b/esphome/components/host/gpio.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import logging
+from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -14,6 +15,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_PULLDOWN,
     CONF_PULLUP,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .const import host_ns
 
@@ -22,7 +25,7 @@ _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 HostGPIOPin = host_ns.class_("HostGPIOPin", cg.InternalGPIOPin)
 
 
-def _translate_pin(value):
+def _translate_pin(value: Any) -> int | str:
     if isinstance(value, dict) or value is None:
         raise cv.Invalid(
             "This variable only supports pin numbers, not full pin schemas "
@@ -41,7 +44,7 @@ def _translate_pin(value):
     return value
 
 
-def validate_gpio_pin(value):
+def validate_gpio_pin(value: Any) -> int | str:
     return _translate_pin(value)
 
 
@@ -53,7 +56,7 @@ HOST_PIN_SCHEMA = pins.gpio_base_schema(
 
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register("host", HOST_PIN_SCHEMA)
-async def host_pin_to_code(config):
+async def host_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     num = config[CONF_NUMBER]
     cg.add(var.set_pin(num))
diff --git a/esphome/components/host/helpers.cpp b/esphome/components/host/helpers.cpp
index 7e8849b3e1..7274d9de57 100644
--- a/esphome/components/host/helpers.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/host/helpers.cpp
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ bool Mutex::try_lock() { return static_cast<std::mutex *>(handle_)->try_lock();
 void Mutex::unlock() { static_cast<std::mutex *>(handle_)->unlock(); }
 
 void get_mac_address_raw(uint8_t *mac) {  // NOLINT(readability-non-const-parameter)
-  static const uint8_t esphome_host_mac_address[6] = USE_ESPHOME_HOST_MAC_ADDRESS;
+  static const uint8_t esphome_host_mac_address[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE] = USE_ESPHOME_HOST_MAC_ADDRESS;
   memcpy(mac, esphome_host_mac_address, sizeof(esphome_host_mac_address));
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/host/time/__init__.py b/esphome/components/host/time/__init__.py
index d9a2f1207c..6eb0cf954d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/host/time/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/host/time/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import time as time_
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@clydebarrow"]
 
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = time_.TIME_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await time_.register_time(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/hrxl_maxsonar_wr/sensor.py b/esphome/components/hrxl_maxsonar_wr/sensor.py
index d335d76dfa..e4daacd869 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hrxl_maxsonar_wr/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hrxl_maxsonar_wr/sensor.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_METER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@netmikey"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = sensor.sensor_schema(
 ).extend(uart.UART_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/hte501/sensor.py b/esphome/components/hte501/sensor.py
index 17ae3a3d1b..bf9fe4000e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hte501/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hte501/sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@Stock-M"]
 
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/__init__.py b/esphome/components/http_request/__init__.py
index 54d7f5c77b..de35d52a40 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -16,12 +17,16 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TIMEOUT,
     CONF_URL,
     CONF_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT,
+    PLATFORM_ESP32,
     PLATFORM_HOST,
     PlatformFramework,
     __version__,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, Lambda
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID, Lambda, TimePeriodMilliseconds
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+import esphome.final_validate as fv
 from esphome.helpers import IS_MACOS
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["network"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["json", "watchdog"]
@@ -63,14 +68,14 @@ CONF_BODY = "body"
 CONF_JSON = "json"
 
 
-def validate_url(value):
+def validate_url(value: Any) -> str:
     value = cv.url(value)
     if value.startswith(("http://", "https://")):
         return value
     raise cv.Invalid("URL must start with 'http://' or 'https://'")
 
 
-def validate_ssl_verification(config):
+def validate_ssl_verification(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     error_message = ""
 
     if CORE.is_rp2 and config[CONF_VERIFY_SSL]:
@@ -91,7 +96,35 @@ def validate_ssl_verification(config):
     return config
 
 
-def _declare_request_class(value):
+# esp_http_client_open() runs DNS, TCP connect and the TLS handshake with no
+# watchdog feed in between; each can take up to `timeout` on ESP-IDF.
+WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT_MULTIPLIER = 3
+# Headroom over the exact worst case so a fully stalled open does not land on
+# the watchdog deadline.
+WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT_MARGIN_MS = 1000
+
+
+def default_watchdog_timeout(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    """Arm the request watchdog on ESP32 when the user did not set it.
+
+    The default never goes below the platform task watchdog, so a user who
+    widened `esp32.watchdog_timeout` keeps that window during requests.
+    """
+    if not CORE.is_esp32 or CONF_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT in config:
+        return
+    derived_ms = (
+        config[CONF_TIMEOUT].total_milliseconds * WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT_MULTIPLIER
+        + WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT_MARGIN_MS
+    )
+    platform_ms = fv.full_config.get()[PLATFORM_ESP32][
+        CONF_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT
+    ].total_milliseconds
+    config[CONF_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT] = TimePeriodMilliseconds(
+        milliseconds=max(derived_ms, platform_ms)
+    )
+
+
+def _declare_request_class(value: Any) -> ID:
     if CORE.is_host:
         return cv.declare_id(HttpRequestHost)(value)
     if CORE.is_esp32:
@@ -150,8 +183,10 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     validate_ssl_verification,
 )
 
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = default_watchdog_timeout
 
-async def to_code(config):
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_timeout(config[CONF_TIMEOUT]))
     cg.add(var.set_useragent(config[CONF_USERAGENT]))
@@ -167,8 +202,11 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add(var.set_watchdog_timeout(timeout_ms))
 
     if CORE.is_esp32:
-        # Re-enable ESP-IDF's HTTP client (excluded by default to save compile time)
+        # Re-enable ESP-IDF's HTTP client (excluded by default to save compile time).
+        # esp-tls is re-enabled too because http_request includes <esp_tls.h>
+        # directly and esp_http_client only pulls it in as a private dependency.
         esp32.include_builtin_idf_component("esp_http_client")
+        esp32.include_builtin_idf_component("esp-tls")
 
         cg.add(var.set_buffer_size_rx(config[CONF_BUFFER_SIZE_RX]))
         cg.add(var.set_buffer_size_tx(config[CONF_BUFFER_SIZE_TX]))
@@ -190,9 +228,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
                 #     framework:
                 #       advanced:
                 #         use_full_certificate_bundle: true
-                esp32.add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
-                    "CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE", True
-                )
+                esp32.require_certificate_bundle()
 
         esp32.add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
             "CONFIG_ESP_TLS_INSECURE",
@@ -298,7 +334,12 @@ HTTP_REQUEST_SEND_ACTION_SCHEMA = HTTP_REQUEST_ACTION_SCHEMA.extend(
     HTTP_REQUEST_SEND_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def http_request_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def http_request_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.cpp b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.cpp
index 84333e7169..43ab2e5b53 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::http_request {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "http_request.arduino";
+static const char *const TAG = "http_request";
 #ifdef USE_ESP8266
 // ESP8266 Arduino core (WiFiClientSecureBearSSL.cpp) returns -1000 on OOM
 static constexpr int ESP8266_SSL_ERR_OOM = -1000;
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_host.cpp b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_host.cpp
index 85c6e8b3c7..cf231e20bd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_host.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_host.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::http_request {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "http_request.host";
+static const char *const TAG = "http_request";
 
 std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> HttpRequestHost::perform(const std::string &url, const std::string &method,
                                                         const std::string &body,
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_idf.cpp
index a437540241..10313be89d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_idf.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::http_request {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "http_request.idf";
+static const char *const TAG = "http_request";
 static constexpr uint32_t ERROR_DURATION_MS = 1000;
 
 void HttpRequestIDF::dump_config() {
@@ -142,12 +142,13 @@ std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> HttpRequestIDF::perform(const std::string &url, c
     const char *buf = body.c_str();
     while (write_left > 0) {
       int written = esp_http_client_write(client, buf + write_index, write_left);
-      if (written < 0) {
+      if (written <= 0) {
         err = ESP_FAIL;
         break;
       }
       write_left -= written;
       write_index += written;
+      container->feed_wdt();
     }
   }
 
@@ -196,6 +197,9 @@ std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> HttpRequestIDF::perform(const std::string &url, c
       }
 
       container->feed_wdt();
+      // IDF is the only backend reusing the container across redirect hops;
+      // drop the previous hop's headers (Arduino/host collect only the final response)
+      container->response_headers_.clear();
       container->content_length = esp_http_client_fetch_headers(client);
       container->set_chunked(esp_http_client_is_chunked_response(client));
       container->feed_wdt();
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/ota/__init__.py b/esphome/components/http_request/ota/__init__.py
index b7026e0f55..784e4ee47a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/ota/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/ota/__init__.py
@@ -3,8 +3,10 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components.ota import BASE_OTA_SCHEMA, OTAComponent, ota_to_code
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_PASSWORD, CONF_URL, CONF_USERNAME
-from esphome.core import coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import ID, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.coroutine import CoroPriority
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_HTTP_REQUEST_ID, HttpRequestComponent, http_request_ns
 
@@ -42,7 +44,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.OTA_UPDATES)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await ota_to_code(var, config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
@@ -72,7 +74,12 @@ OTA_HTTP_REQUEST_FLASH_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     OTA_HTTP_REQUEST_FLASH_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def ota_http_request_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def ota_http_request_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.cpp b/esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.cpp
index 8893b96c65..7e7594c3c3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.cpp
@@ -64,8 +64,9 @@ void OtaHttpRequestComponent::flash() {
   }
 }
 
-void OtaHttpRequestComponent::cleanup_(ota::OTABackendPtr backend, const std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> &container) {
-  if (this->update_started_) {
+void OtaHttpRequestComponent::cleanup_(ota::OTABackendPtr backend, const std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> &container,
+                                       bool abort_backend) {
+  if (abort_backend) {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Aborting OTA backend");
     backend->abort();
   }
@@ -106,7 +107,8 @@ uint8_t OtaHttpRequestComponent::do_ota_() {
   auto error_code = backend->begin(container->content_length);
   if (error_code != ota::OTA_RESPONSE_OK) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "backend->begin error: %d", error_code);
-    this->cleanup_(std::move(backend), container);
+    // Nothing to abort: begin() failed, so no OTA handle was opened
+    this->cleanup_(std::move(backend), container, /*abort_backend=*/false);
     return error_code;
   }
 
@@ -140,7 +142,7 @@ uint8_t OtaHttpRequestComponent::do_ota_() {
       } else {
         ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Error reading data: %d", bufsize_or_error);
       }
-      this->cleanup_(std::move(backend), container);
+      this->cleanup_(std::move(backend), container, /*abort_backend=*/true);
       return OTA_CONNECTION_ERROR;
     }
 
@@ -150,14 +152,13 @@ uint8_t OtaHttpRequestComponent::do_ota_() {
       md5_receive.add(buf, bufsize_or_error);
 
       // write bytes to OTA backend
-      this->update_started_ = true;
       error_code = backend->write(buf, bufsize_or_error);
       if (error_code != ota::OTA_RESPONSE_OK) {
         // error code explanation available at
         // https://github.com/esphome/esphome/blob/dev/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend.h
         ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Error code (%02X) writing binary data to flash at offset %d and size %d", error_code,
                  container->get_bytes_read() - bufsize_or_error, container->content_length);
-        this->cleanup_(std::move(backend), container);
+        this->cleanup_(std::move(backend), container, /*abort_backend=*/true);
         return error_code;
       }
     }
@@ -181,7 +182,7 @@ uint8_t OtaHttpRequestComponent::do_ota_() {
   this->md5_computed_ = md5_receive_str;
   if (strncmp(this->md5_computed_.c_str(), this->md5_expected_.c_str(), MD5_SIZE) != 0) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "MD5 computed: %s - Aborting due to MD5 mismatch", this->md5_computed_.c_str());
-    this->cleanup_(std::move(backend), container);
+    this->cleanup_(std::move(backend), container, /*abort_backend=*/true);
     return ota::OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_MD5_MISMATCH;
   } else {
     backend->set_update_md5(md5_receive_str);
@@ -197,7 +198,7 @@ uint8_t OtaHttpRequestComponent::do_ota_() {
   error_code = backend->end();
   if (error_code != ota::OTA_RESPONSE_OK) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Error ending update! error_code: %d", error_code);
-    this->cleanup_(std::move(backend), container);
+    this->cleanup_(std::move(backend), container, /*abort_backend=*/true);
     return error_code;
   }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.h b/esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.h
index a706331d9a..9bb748f175 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.h
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.h
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class OtaHttpRequestComponent final : public ota::OTAComponent, public Parented<
   void flash();
 
  protected:
-  void cleanup_(ota::OTABackendPtr backend, const std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> &container);
+  void cleanup_(ota::OTABackendPtr backend, const std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> &container, bool abort_backend);
   uint8_t do_ota_();
   std::string get_url_with_auth_(const std::string &url);
   bool http_get_md5_();
@@ -51,7 +51,6 @@ class OtaHttpRequestComponent final : public ota::OTAComponent, public Parented<
   std::string username_{};
   std::string url_{};
   int status_ = -1;
-  bool update_started_ = false;
   static const uint16_t HTTP_RECV_BUFFER = 256;  // the firmware GET chunk size
 };
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/update/__init__.py b/esphome/components/http_request/update/__init__.py
index d84d80109a..4bdc30e4cf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/update/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/update/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import ota, update
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_SOURCE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_HTTP_REQUEST_ID, HttpRequestComponent, http_request_ns
 from ..ota import OtaHttpRequestComponent
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await update.new_update(config)
     ota_parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_OTA_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_ota_parent(ota_parent))
diff --git a/esphome/components/htu21d/sensor.py b/esphome/components/htu21d/sensor.py
index 8808dc70f5..86dca77725 100644
--- a/esphome/components/htu21d/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/htu21d/sensor.py
@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_EMPTY,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -63,7 +66,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
@@ -95,7 +98,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def set_heater_level_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def set_heater_level_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     level_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_LEVEL], args, cg.uint8)
@@ -115,7 +123,12 @@ async def set_heater_level_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def set_heater_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def set_heater_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     status_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_STATUS], args, cg.bool_)
diff --git a/esphome/components/htu31d/sensor.py b/esphome/components/htu31d/sensor.py
index 638a8d77c5..8960759d9b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/htu31d/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/htu31d/sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/hub75/boards/__init__.py b/esphome/components/hub75/boards/__init__.py
index 52f8864c60..818ee732a3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hub75/boards/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hub75/boards/__init__.py
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ class BoardConfig:
     # Derived field for pin lookup
     pins: dict[str, int | None] = field(default_factory=dict, init=False, repr=False)
 
-    def __post_init__(self):
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
         """Initialize derived fields and register board."""
         self.name = self.name.lower()
         self.pins = {
diff --git a/esphome/components/hub75/display.py b/esphome/components/hub75/display.py
index a404fbbade..3522acf049 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hub75/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hub75/display.py
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ SCAN_WIRINGS = {
 }
 
 
-def _validate_scan_wiring(value):
+def _validate_scan_wiring(value: Any) -> str:
     """Validate scan_wiring against the allowed names."""
     value = cv.string(value).upper().replace(" ", "_")
 
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ def _validate_config(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     return config
 
 
-def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     """Validate requirements when using HUB75 display."""
     # Local imports to avoid circular dependencies
     from esphome.components.esp32 import get_esp32_variant
@@ -381,8 +381,6 @@ def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if errs:
         raise cv.MultipleInvalid(errs)
 
-    return config
-
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(_final_validate)
 
@@ -479,7 +477,7 @@ def _build_pins_struct(
 ) -> cg.StructInitializer:
     """Build Hub75Pins struct from pin expressions."""
 
-    def pin_cast(pin):
+    def pin_cast(pin: Any) -> cg.RawExpression:
         return cg.RawExpression(f"static_cast<int8_t>({pin.get_pin()})")
 
     return cg.StructInitializer(
diff --git a/esphome/components/hx711/sensor.py b/esphome/components/hx711/sensor.py
index a5d11e9241..2739589c66 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hx711/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hx711/sensor.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CLK_PIN, CONF_GAIN, ICON_SCALE, STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 hx711_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("hx711")
 HX711Sensor = hx711_ns.class_("HX711Sensor", sensor.Sensor, cg.PollingComponent)
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/hydreon_rgxx/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/hydreon_rgxx/binary_sensor.py
index f899ce71ce..193db9b20d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hydreon_rgxx/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hydreon_rgxx/binary_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, DEVICE_CLASS_COLD, DEVICE_CLASS_PROBLEM
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import HydreonRGxxComponent, hydreon_rgxx_ns
 
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     main_sensor = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_HYDREON_RGXX_ID])
     bin_component = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], main_sensor)
     await cg.register_component(bin_component, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/hydreon_rgxx/sensor.py b/esphome/components/hydreon_rgxx/sensor.py
index fdb606182f..58e72571ff 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hydreon_rgxx/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hydreon_rgxx/sensor.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_MILLIMETER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import HydreonRGxxComponent, RG15Resolution, RGModel
 
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ PROTOCOL_NAMES = {
 }
 
 
-def _validate(config):
+def _validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     for conf, models in SUPPORTED_OPTIONS.items():
         if conf in config and config[CONF_MODEL] not in models:
             raise cv.Invalid(
@@ -130,7 +131,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/hyt271/sensor.py b/esphome/components/hyt271/sensor.py
index bf37646d4f..3f006a65fe 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hyt271/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hyt271/sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/i2c/__init__.py b/esphome/components/i2c/__init__.py
index 7b163d065e..b053125446 100644
--- a/esphome/components/i2c/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/i2c/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import logging
 import re
 import sys
+from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -52,9 +53,10 @@ from esphome.const import (
     PLATFORM_RP2,
     PlatformFramework,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
@@ -96,13 +98,13 @@ CONF_SCL_PULLUP_ENABLED = "scl_pullup_enabled"
 MULTI_CONF = True
 
 
-def validate_device(value):
+def validate_device(value: str) -> str:
     if not re.match(r"^/(?:[^/]+/)*[^/]+$", value):
         raise cv.Invalid("Device must be an absolute device path (e.g., /dev/i2c-0)")
     return value
 
 
-def _bus_declare_type(value):
+def _bus_declare_type(value: Any) -> ID:
     if CORE.is_esp32:
         return cv.declare_id(IDFI2CBus)(value)
     if CORE.using_arduino:
@@ -114,7 +116,7 @@ def _bus_declare_type(value):
     raise NotImplementedError
 
 
-def _rp2040_i2c_controller(pin):
+def _rp2040_i2c_controller(pin: int) -> int:
     """Return the I2C controller number (0 or 1) for a given RP2040/RP2350 GPIO pin.
 
     See RP2040 datasheet Table 2 (section 1.4.3, "GPIO Functions"):
@@ -125,7 +127,7 @@ def _rp2040_i2c_controller(pin):
     return (pin // 2) % 2
 
 
-def validate_config(config):
+def validate_config(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CORE.is_esp32:
         return cv.require_framework_version(
             esp_idf=cv.Version(5, 4, 2), esp32_arduino=cv.Version(3, 2, 1)
@@ -142,7 +144,7 @@ def validate_config(config):
     return config
 
 
-def validate_host_config(config):
+def validate_host_config(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CORE.is_host:
         # Host I2C is currently only supported on Linux
         if not sys.platform.lower().startswith("linux"):
@@ -229,7 +231,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate(config):
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     full_config = fv.full_config.get()[CONF_I2C]
     if CORE.using_zephyr and len(full_config) > 1:
         raise cv.Invalid("Second i2c is not implemented on Zephyr yet")
@@ -281,9 +283,14 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.BUS)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_global(i2c_ns.using)
     cg.add_define("USE_I2C")
+    if CORE.is_esp32:
+        from esphome.components.esp32 import include_builtin_idf_component
+
+        # Re-enable the I2C driver (excluded by default to save compile time)
+        include_builtin_idf_component("esp_driver_i2c")
     if CORE.is_host:
         var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
         await cg.register_component(var, config)
@@ -353,7 +360,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             cg.add(var.set_lp_mode(bool(config[CONF_LOW_POWER_MODE])))
 
 
-def i2c_device_schema(default_address):
+def i2c_device_schema(default_address: int | None) -> cv.Schema:
     """Create a schema for a i2c device.
 
     :param default_address: The default address of the i2c device, can be None to represent
@@ -370,7 +377,7 @@ def i2c_device_schema(default_address):
     return cv.Schema(schema)
 
 
-async def register_i2c_device(var, config):
+async def register_i2c_device(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     """Register an i2c device with the given config.
 
     Sets the i2c bus to use and the i2c address.
@@ -385,11 +392,11 @@ async def register_i2c_device(var, config):
 def final_validate_device_schema(
     name: str,
     *,
-    min_frequency: cv.frequency = None,
-    max_frequency: cv.frequency = None,
-    min_timeout: cv.time_period = None,
-    max_timeout: cv.time_period = None,
-):
+    min_frequency: Any = None,
+    max_frequency: Any = None,
+    min_timeout: Any = None,
+    max_timeout: Any = None,
+) -> cv.Schema:
     hub_schema = {}
     if (min_frequency is not None) and (max_frequency is not None):
         hub_schema[cv.Required(CONF_FREQUENCY)] = cv.Range(
diff --git a/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_arduino.cpp b/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_arduino.cpp
index cc036b12c3..39a6aec774 100644
--- a/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_arduino.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_arduino.cpp
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::i2c {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "i2c.arduino";
+static const char *const TAG = "i2c";
 
 // Maximum bytes to log in hex format (truncates larger transfers)
 static constexpr size_t I2C_MAX_LOG_BYTES = 32;
diff --git a/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_esp_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_esp_idf.cpp
index 4aca4f0fae..7ca9537e2d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_esp_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_esp_idf.cpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::i2c {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "i2c.idf";
+static const char *const TAG = "i2c";
 
 // Maximum bytes to log in hex format (truncates larger transfers)
 static constexpr size_t I2C_MAX_LOG_BYTES = 32;
diff --git a/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_host.cpp b/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_host.cpp
index 17279fda50..303944636b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_host.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_host.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::i2c {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "i2c.host";
+static const char *const TAG = "i2c";
 
 HostI2CBus::~HostI2CBus() {
   if (this->file_descriptor_ != -1) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_zephyr.cpp b/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_zephyr.cpp
index 1eb9944dcb..ffdd2ba8bb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_zephyr.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_zephyr.cpp
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::i2c {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "i2c.zephyr";
+static const char *const TAG = "i2c";
 
 static const char *get_speed(uint32_t dev_config) {
   switch (I2C_SPEED_GET(dev_config)) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/i2c_device/__init__.py b/esphome/components/i2c_device/__init__.py
index 531c363bd1..f890fefdb9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/i2c_device/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/i2c_device/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@gabest11"]
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(None))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/i2s_audio/__init__.py b/esphome/components/i2s_audio/__init__.py
index 4809bf5a92..c5e82beb46 100644
--- a/esphome/components/i2s_audio/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/i2s_audio/__init__.py
@@ -21,8 +21,9 @@ from esphome.components.esp32.const import (
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_BITS_PER_SAMPLE, CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_ID, CONF_SAMPLE_RATE
 from esphome.core import CORE
-from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, MockObjClass
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32"]
@@ -145,7 +146,7 @@ I2S_MCLK_MULTIPLE = {
 _validate_bits = cv.float_with_unit("bits", "bit")
 
 
-def validate_mclk_divisible_by_3(config):
+def validate_mclk_divisible_by_3(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if config[CONF_BITS_PER_SAMPLE] == 24 and config[CONF_MCLK_MULTIPLE] % 3 != 0:
         raise cv.Invalid(
             f"{CONF_MCLK_MULTIPLE} must be divisible by 3 when bits per sample is 24"
@@ -159,7 +160,7 @@ def i2s_audio_component_schema(
     default_sample_rate: int,
     default_channel: str,
     default_bits_per_sample: str,
-):
+) -> cv.Schema:
     return cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(class_),
@@ -182,7 +183,7 @@ def i2s_audio_component_schema(
     )
 
 
-async def register_i2s_audio_component(var, config):
+async def register_i2s_audio_component(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_I2S_AUDIO_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_i2s_role(I2S_ROLE_OPTIONS[config[CONF_I2S_MODE]]))
     slot_mode = config[CONF_CHANNEL]
@@ -260,7 +261,7 @@ def _assign_ports() -> None:
             next_port += 1
 
 
-def _final_validate(_):
+def _final_validate(_: ConfigType) -> None:
     i2s_audio_configs = fv.full_config.get()[CONF_I2S_AUDIO]
     variant = get_esp32_variant()
     if variant not in I2S_PORTS:
@@ -275,7 +276,7 @@ def _final_validate(_):
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/i2s_audio/microphone/__init__.py b/esphome/components/i2s_audio/microphone/__init__.py
index 9c6228087c..c217317237 100644
--- a/esphome/components/i2s_audio/microphone/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/i2s_audio/microphone/__init__.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_NUM_CHANNELS,
     CONF_SAMPLE_RATE,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     CONF_ADC_TYPE,
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ I2S_PDM_DSR = {
 }
 
 
-def _validate_esp32_variant(config):
+def _validate_esp32_variant(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     variant = esp32.get_esp32_variant()
     if config[CONF_ADC_TYPE] == "external":
         if config[CONF_PDM] and variant not in PDM_VARIANTS:
@@ -65,13 +66,13 @@ def _validate_esp32_variant(config):
     raise NotImplementedError
 
 
-def _validate_channel(config):
+def _validate_channel(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if config[CONF_CHANNEL] == CONF_MONO:
         raise cv.Invalid(f"I2S microphone does not support {CONF_MONO}.")
     return config
 
 
-def _set_num_channels_from_config(config):
+def _set_num_channels_from_config(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if config[CONF_CHANNEL] in (CONF_LEFT, CONF_RIGHT):
         config[CONF_NUM_CHANNELS] = 1
     else:
@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ def _set_num_channels_from_config(config):
     return config
 
 
-def _set_stream_limits(config):
+def _set_stream_limits(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     audio.set_stream_limits(
         min_bits_per_sample=config.get(CONF_BITS_PER_SAMPLE),
         max_bits_per_sample=config.get(CONF_BITS_PER_SAMPLE),
@@ -134,7 +135,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate(config):
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if config[CONF_ADC_TYPE] == "internal":
         raise cv.Invalid(
             "Internal ADC is no longer supported. Use an external I2S microphone instead."
@@ -144,7 +145,7 @@ def _final_validate(config):
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await register_i2s_audio_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/i2s_audio/speaker/__init__.py b/esphome/components/i2s_audio/speaker/__init__.py
index 6d3c39c68e..4dc15681bf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/i2s_audio/speaker/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/i2s_audio/speaker/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import audio, esp32, speaker
+from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_defines
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BITS_PER_SAMPLE,
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_SAMPLE_RATE,
     CONF_TIMEOUT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     CONF_I2S_DOUT_PIN,
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ I2C_COMM_FMT_OPTIONS = {
 INTERNAL_DAC_VARIANTS = [esp32.VARIANT_ESP32]
 
 
-def _set_num_channels_from_config(config):
+def _set_num_channels_from_config(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if config[CONF_CHANNEL] in (CONF_MONO, CONF_LEFT, CONF_RIGHT):
         config[CONF_NUM_CHANNELS] = 1
     else:
@@ -87,7 +89,7 @@ def _set_num_channels_from_config(config):
     return config
 
 
-def _set_stream_limits(config):
+def _set_stream_limits(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if config.get(CONF_SPDIF_MODE, False):
         # SPDIF mode: 16/24/32-bit audio and stereo at configured sample rate
         audio.set_stream_limits(
@@ -133,14 +135,14 @@ def _set_stream_limits(config):
     return config
 
 
-def _select_speaker_class(config):
+def _select_speaker_class(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     """Override ID type when SPDIF mode is enabled."""
     if config.get(CONF_SPDIF_MODE, False):
         config[CONF_ID].type = I2SAudioSpeakerSPDIF
     return config
 
 
-def _validate_esp32_variant(config):
+def _validate_esp32_variant(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     variant = esp32.get_esp32_variant()
     if config[CONF_DAC_TYPE] == "internal":
         if variant not in INTERNAL_DAC_VARIANTS:
@@ -207,7 +209,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate(config):
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if config[CONF_DAC_TYPE] == "internal":
         raise cv.Invalid(
             "Internal DAC is no longer supported. Use an external I2S DAC instead."
@@ -238,7 +240,7 @@ def _final_validate(config):
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await register_i2s_audio_component(var, config)
@@ -260,3 +262,13 @@ async def to_code(config):
     if config[CONF_TIMEOUT] != CONF_NEVER:
         cg.add(var.set_timeout(config[CONF_TIMEOUT]))
     cg.add(var.set_buffer_duration(config[CONF_BUFFER_DURATION]))
+
+
+# The SPDIF encoder and speaker are fully #ifdef'd on USE_I2S_AUDIO_SPDIF_MODE,
+# set only when spdif_mode is enabled.
+FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_defines(
+    {
+        "spdif_encoder.cpp": "USE_I2S_AUDIO_SPDIF_MODE",
+        "i2s_audio_spdif.cpp": "USE_I2S_AUDIO_SPDIF_MODE",
+    }
+)
diff --git a/esphome/components/iaqcore/sensor.py b/esphome/components/iaqcore/sensor.py
index d3306fd0f8..1b905e4c63 100644
--- a/esphome/components/iaqcore/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/iaqcore/sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_BILLION,
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@yozik04"]
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ili9xxx/display.py b/esphome/components/ili9xxx/display.py
index b1d332c1e5..64f87c167c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ili9xxx/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ili9xxx/display.py
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, HexInt
 from esphome.final_validate import full_config
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
 
@@ -91,7 +92,7 @@ CONF_INVERT_DISPLAY = "invert_display"
 CONF_PIXEL_MODE = "pixel_mode"
 
 
-def cmd(c, *args):
+def cmd(c: int, *args: int) -> list[int]:
     """
     Create a command sequence
     :param c: The command (8 bit)
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ def cmd(c, *args):
     return [c, len(args)] + list(args)
 
 
-def map_sequence(value):
+def map_sequence(value: list[int]) -> list[int]:
     """
     An initialisation sequence is a literal array of data bytes.
     The format is a repeated sequence of [CMD, <data>]
@@ -111,7 +112,7 @@ def map_sequence(value):
     return cmd(*value)
 
 
-def _validate(config):
+def _validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if (
         config.get(CONF_COLOR_PALETTE) == "IMAGE_ADAPTIVE"
         and CONF_COLOR_PALETTE_IMAGES not in config
@@ -196,7 +197,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def final_validate(config):
+def final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     global_config = full_config.get()
     # Ideally would calculate buffer size here, but that info is not available on the Python side
     needs_buffer = (
@@ -218,7 +219,7 @@ def final_validate(config):
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     LOGGER.warning(
         "The 'ili9xxx' component is deprecated, it is recommended to use 'mipi_spi' instead."
     )
@@ -278,7 +279,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add(var.set_buffer_color_mode(ILI9XXXColorMode.BITS_8_INDEXED))
         from PIL import Image
 
-        def load_image(filename):
+        def load_image(filename: str) -> Image.Image:
             path = CORE.relative_config_path(filename)
             try:
                 return Image.open(path)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ili9xxx/ili9xxx_display.cpp b/esphome/components/ili9xxx/ili9xxx_display.cpp
index e8840c0cf1..0ed18c45da 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ili9xxx/ili9xxx_display.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ili9xxx/ili9xxx_display.cpp
@@ -116,8 +116,8 @@ void ILI9XXXDisplay::dump_config() {
                 "  Mirror_x: %s\n"
                 "  Mirror_y: %s\n"
                 "  Invert colors: %s",
-                this->color_order_ == display::COLOR_ORDER_BGR ? "BGR" : "RGB", YESNO(this->swap_xy_),
-                YESNO(this->mirror_x_), YESNO(this->mirror_y_), YESNO(this->pre_invertcolors_));
+                this->color_order_ == display::COLOR_ORDER_BGR ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("BGR") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("RGB"),
+                YESNO(this->swap_xy_), YESNO(this->mirror_x_), YESNO(this->mirror_y_), YESNO(this->pre_invertcolors_));
 
   if (this->is_failed()) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  => Failed to init Memory: YES!");
diff --git a/esphome/components/image/__init__.py b/esphome/components/image/__init__.py
index 37a9afb84d..eaee31a1c7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/image/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/image/__init__.py
@@ -10,7 +10,14 @@ from PIL import Image, UnidentifiedImageError
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components.const import CONF_BYTE_ORDER, KEY_METADATA
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_DEFAULTS, CONF_FILE, CONF_ID, CONF_PLATFORM, CONF_TYPE
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_DEFAULTS,
+    CONF_FILE,
+    CONF_FILES,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_PLATFORM,
+    CONF_TYPE,
+)
 from esphome.core import CORE
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
@@ -48,6 +55,9 @@ TRANSPARENCY_TYPES = (
     CONF_ALPHA_CHANNEL,
 )
 
+# Shared validator for the image platform schemas and `_drop_incompatible_byte_order`.
+validate_byte_order = cv.one_of("BIG_ENDIAN", "LITTLE_ENDIAN", upper=True)
+
 
 def get_image_type_enum(type):
     return getattr(ImageType, f"IMAGE_TYPE_{type.upper()}")
@@ -404,6 +414,120 @@ def get_image_metadata(image_id: str) -> ImageMetaData | None:
     return get_all_image_metadata().get(image_id)
 
 
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# `defaults:`/`files:` expansion: a `platform:` entry merges shared `defaults:`
+# into every `files:` entry; the platform's CONFIG_SCHEMA validates each.
+# Permanent, unlike the legacy migration below.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def _drop_incompatible_byte_order(
+    merged: dict, explicit: dict, *, index: int | None = None
+) -> dict:
+    """Drop `byte_order` when the resolved type doesn't support it, unless written directly on `explicit`.
+
+    With `index`, inherited values are validated before being dropped (the legacy flattener always drops).
+    """
+    if CONF_BYTE_ORDER in explicit:
+        return merged
+    type_class = IMAGE_TYPE.get(str(merged.get(CONF_TYPE, "")).upper())
+    if (
+        CONF_BYTE_ORDER in merged
+        and isinstance(type_class, type)
+        and issubclass(type_class, ImageEncoder)
+        and not type_class.is_endian()
+    ):
+        if index is not None:
+            try:
+                validate_byte_order(merged[CONF_BYTE_ORDER])
+            except cv.Invalid as exc:
+                exc.prepend([index])
+                raise
+        del merged[CONF_BYTE_ORDER]
+    return merged
+
+
+def _expand_platform_entry(index: int, entry: dict) -> list[dict]:
+    if CONF_FILES not in entry:
+        if CONF_DEFAULTS in entry:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"'{CONF_DEFAULTS}' may only be used together with '{CONF_FILES}'",
+                path=[index],
+            )
+        return [entry]
+
+    extra_keys = set(entry) - {CONF_PLATFORM, CONF_DEFAULTS, CONF_FILES}
+    if extra_keys:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"'{CONF_FILES}' cannot be combined with "
+            f"{', '.join(sorted(extra_keys))} on the same entry",
+            path=[index],
+        )
+
+    files = entry[CONF_FILES]
+    if files is None:
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"'{CONF_FILES}' must not be empty", path=[index])
+    if not isinstance(files, list):
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"'{CONF_FILES}' must be a list", path=[index])
+    if not files:
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"'{CONF_FILES}' must not be empty", path=[index])
+
+    defaults = entry.get(CONF_DEFAULTS, {})
+    if defaults is None:
+        defaults = {}
+    if not isinstance(defaults, dict):
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"'{CONF_DEFAULTS}' must be a mapping", path=[index])
+    # Neither `id:` nor `platform:` makes sense inside `defaults:`.
+    for disallowed in (CONF_ID, CONF_PLATFORM):
+        if disallowed in defaults:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"'{disallowed}' is not allowed inside '{CONF_DEFAULTS}'",
+                path=[index],
+            )
+
+    from esphome import yaml_util
+
+    platform = entry[CONF_PLATFORM]
+    result: list[dict] = []
+    for file_entry in files:
+        if not isinstance(file_entry, dict):
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"each entry in '{CONF_FILES}' must be a mapping", path=[index]
+            )
+        # The platform is chosen by the entry's own `platform:` key, not per file.
+        if CONF_PLATFORM in file_entry:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"'{CONF_PLATFORM}' is not allowed inside '{CONF_FILES}'",
+                path=[index],
+            )
+        # Keep the `files:` item's source range so whole-entry errors anchor there;
+        # `make_data_base` needs a real ESPHomeDataBase, so skip it for plain dicts.
+        source = (
+            file_entry if isinstance(file_entry, yaml_util.ESPHomeDataBase) else None
+        )
+        merged = yaml_util.make_data_base(
+            {CONF_PLATFORM: platform, **defaults, **file_entry}, source
+        )
+        result.append(_drop_incompatible_byte_order(merged, file_entry, index=index))
+    return result
+
+
+def expand_platform_config(config: list) -> list:
+    """Expand `defaults:`/`files:` entries; the platform's own CONFIG_SCHEMA validates each result."""
+    result = []
+    for i, entry in enumerate(config):
+        if isinstance(entry, dict) and CONF_PLATFORM in entry:
+            result.extend(_expand_platform_entry(i, entry))
+        else:
+            result.append(entry)
+    return result
+
+
+EXPAND_PLATFORM_CONFIG = expand_platform_config
+
+# --------------------- end defaults/files expansion -------------------------
+
+
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Legacy top-level component -> `image:` platform deprecation helpers
 # -- REMOVE after 2027.1.0 together with the `animation:`/`online_image:` shims.
@@ -496,11 +620,17 @@ def _is_legacy_image_format(config: object) -> bool:
     proper error instead of the migration silently dropping the input.
     """
     if isinstance(config, list):
-        # A bare list of (not-yet-platform-tagged) image dicts.
+        # Exclude `files:` entries -- the list branch would otherwise silently
+        # migrate them to `platform: file` instead of raising the missing-platform error.
         return bool(config) and all(
-            isinstance(entry, dict) and CONF_PLATFORM not in entry for entry in config
+            isinstance(entry, dict)
+            and CONF_PLATFORM not in entry
+            and CONF_FILES not in entry
+            for entry in config
         )
-    if not isinstance(config, dict):
+    if not isinstance(config, dict) or CONF_PLATFORM in config or CONF_FILES in config:
+        # `platform:`/`files:` dicts are new-format (left for list-wrapping +
+        # expansion); the legacy flattener has no `files:` branch and would drop them.
         return False
     # A single image dict, or the grouped `defaults:`/`images:`/type-key form.
     return (
@@ -532,18 +662,8 @@ def _flatten_legacy_image_config(config: object) -> list[dict]:
 
     def _add(entry: dict, extra: dict) -> None:
         merged = {**defaults, **extra, **entry}
-        # The legacy `defaults:`/type-grouped forms only applied `byte_order` to
-        # types that support it. Replicate that so an endian default merged into
-        # e.g. a binary image stays valid.
-        type_class = IMAGE_TYPE.get(str(merged.get(CONF_TYPE, "")).upper())
-        if (
-            CONF_BYTE_ORDER in merged
-            and isinstance(type_class, type)
-            and issubclass(type_class, ImageEncoder)
-            and not type_class.is_endian()
-        ):
-            del merged[CONF_BYTE_ORDER]
-        result.append(merged)
+        # Always drop, matching the pre-platform behavior -- see `_drop_incompatible_byte_order`.
+        result.append(_drop_incompatible_byte_order(merged, {}))
 
     def _add_entries(entries: object, extra: dict) -> None:
         # `entries` may be a single image dict or a list of them; non-dict
diff --git a/esphome/components/improv_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/improv_base/__init__.py
index 5929f2b60a..412d143a48 100644
--- a/esphome/components/improv_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/improv_base/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import re
+from typing import Any
 
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ CONF_NEXT_URL = "next_url"
 VALID_SUBSTITUTIONS = ["esphome_version", "ip_address", "device_name"]
 
 
-def validate_next_url(value):
+def validate_next_url(value: Any) -> str:
     value = cv.url(value)
     test = r"{{(?!" + r"\b|".join(VALID_SUBSTITUTIONS) + r"\b)(\w+)}}"
     result = re.search(test, value)
@@ -31,15 +32,15 @@ IMPROV_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-def _process_next_url(url: str):
+def _process_next_url(url: str) -> str:
     if "{{esphome_version}}" in url:
         url = url.replace("{{esphome_version}}", __version__)
     return url
 
 
-async def setup_improv_core(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType, component: str):
+async def setup_improv_core(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType, component: str) -> None:
     if next_url := config.get(CONF_NEXT_URL):
         cg.add(var.set_next_url(_process_next_url(next_url)))
         cg.add_define(f"USE_{component.upper()}_NEXT_URL")
 
-    cg.add_library("improv/Improv", "1.2.6")
+    cg.add_library("improv/Improv", "1.2.7")
diff --git a/esphome/components/improv_base/improv_base.cpp b/esphome/components/improv_base/improv_base.cpp
index fa1b855d6c..1babeb5b5a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/improv_base/improv_base.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/improv_base/improv_base.cpp
@@ -4,10 +4,13 @@
 #include "esphome/components/network/util.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 namespace esphome::improv_base {
 
 #if defined(USE_ESP32_IMPROV_NEXT_URL) || defined(USE_IMPROV_SERIAL_NEXT_URL)
+static const char *const TAG = "improv_base";
+
 static constexpr const char DEVICE_NAME_PLACEHOLDER[] = "{{device_name}}";
 static constexpr size_t DEVICE_NAME_PLACEHOLDER_LEN = sizeof(DEVICE_NAME_PLACEHOLDER) - 1;
 static constexpr const char IP_ADDRESS_PLACEHOLDER[] = "{{ip_address}}";
@@ -62,6 +65,21 @@ size_t ImprovBase::get_formatted_next_url_(char *buffer, size_t buffer_size) {
   *out = '\0';
   return out - buffer;
 }
+
+void ImprovBase::add_next_url_(improv::RpcResponseBuilder &builder, size_t max_len) {
+  // The builder rejects strings above 254 bytes, so anything longer than this
+  // buffer could never be sent anyway
+  char url_buffer[256];
+  size_t len = this->get_formatted_next_url_(url_buffer, sizeof(url_buffer));
+  if (len == 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+  // max_len is the transport's budget for this entry; skipping an over-long URL
+  // here keeps the rest of the response sendable instead of oversizing the frame
+  if (len > max_len || !builder.add_string(url_buffer, len)) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Next URL too long; skipping");
+  }
+}
 #endif
 
 }  // namespace esphome::improv_base
diff --git a/esphome/components/improv_base/improv_base.h b/esphome/components/improv_base/improv_base.h
index 9dded85a46..352bb75d5f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/improv_base/improv_base.h
+++ b/esphome/components/improv_base/improv_base.h
@@ -3,6 +3,10 @@
 #include <cstddef>
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 
+#if defined(USE_ESP32_IMPROV_NEXT_URL) || defined(USE_IMPROV_SERIAL_NEXT_URL)
+#include <improv.h>
+#endif
+
 namespace esphome::improv_base {
 
 class ImprovBase {
@@ -15,6 +19,8 @@ class ImprovBase {
 #if defined(USE_ESP32_IMPROV_NEXT_URL) || defined(USE_IMPROV_SERIAL_NEXT_URL)
   /// Format next_url_ into buffer, replacing placeholders. Returns length written.
   size_t get_formatted_next_url_(char *buffer, size_t buffer_size);
+  /// Append the formatted next_url to the RPC response, warning if it does not fit.
+  void add_next_url_(improv::RpcResponseBuilder &builder, size_t max_len);
   const char *next_url_{nullptr};
 #endif
 };
diff --git a/esphome/components/improv_serial/__init__.py b/esphome/components/improv_serial/__init__.py
index 4266f5b78b..a34e2ab793 100644
--- a/esphome/components/improv_serial/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/improv_serial/__init__.py
@@ -1,28 +1,57 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import improv_base
+from esphome.components import improv_base, uart
 from esphome.components.esp32 import VARIANT_ESP32S3, get_esp32_variant
 from esphome.components.logger import USB_CDC
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_BAUD_RATE, CONF_HARDWARE_UART, CONF_ID, CONF_LOGGER
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_BAUD_RATE,
+    CONF_HARDWARE_UART,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_LOGGER,
+    CONF_UART_ID,
+)
 from esphome.core import CORE
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["improv_base"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
-DEPENDENCIES = ["logger", "wifi"]
+DEPENDENCIES = ["logger", "network"]
 
 improv_serial_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("improv_serial")
 
 ImprovSerialComponent = improv_serial_ns.class_("ImprovSerialComponent", cg.Component)
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
-    cv.Schema({cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(ImprovSerialComponent)})
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(ImprovSerialComponent),
+            # YAML only: rewiring Improv onto another UART is not a knob for a
+            # visual editor and the device builder must not expose it
+            cv.Optional(CONF_UART_ID, visibility=cv.Visibility.YAML_ONLY): cv.use_id(
+                uart.UARTComponent
+            ),
+        }
+    )
     .extend(improv_base.IMPROV_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 )
 
 
-def validate_logger(config):
+_UART_FINAL_VALIDATE = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
+    "improv_serial", require_tx=True, require_rx=True
+)
+
+
+def validate_transport(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    if CONF_UART_ID in config:
+        # A dedicated UART bus is used; the logger's serial settings are irrelevant,
+        # but the bus itself must be bidirectional and not claimed by another device
+        _UART_FINAL_VALIDATE(config)
+        return
+    # The host logger has no serial port for Improv to share
+    if CORE.is_host:
+        raise cv.Invalid("improv_serial on the host platform requires uart_id")
     logger_conf = fv.full_config.get()[CONF_LOGGER]
     if logger_conf[CONF_BAUD_RATE] == 0:
         raise cv.Invalid("improv_serial requires the logger baud_rate to be not 0")
@@ -33,14 +62,16 @@ def validate_logger(config):
         raise cv.Invalid(
             "improv_serial does not support the selected logger hardware_uart"
         )
-    return config
 
 
-FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = validate_logger
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = validate_transport
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await improv_base.setup_improv_core(var, config, "improv_serial")
     cg.add_define("USE_IMPROV_SERIAL")
+    if (uart_id := config.get(CONF_UART_ID)) is not None:
+        cg.add(var.set_uart(await cg.get_variable(uart_id)))
+        cg.add_define("USE_IMPROV_SERIAL_UART")
diff --git a/esphome/components/improv_serial/improv_serial_component.cpp b/esphome/components/improv_serial/improv_serial_component.cpp
index a191889138..ffa7b79d9b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/improv_serial/improv_serial_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/improv_serial/improv_serial_component.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #include "improv_serial_component.h"
-#ifdef USE_WIFI
+#ifdef USE_IMPROV_SERIAL
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
@@ -7,6 +7,12 @@
 #include "esphome/core/version.h"
 
 #include "esphome/components/logger/logger.h"
+#include "esphome/components/network/util.h"
+#ifdef USE_WIFI
+#include "esphome/components/wifi/scan_list.h"
+#endif
+
+#include <array>
 
 namespace esphome::improv_serial {
 
@@ -14,20 +20,26 @@ static const char *const TAG = "improv_serial";
 
 void ImprovSerialComponent::setup() {
   global_improv_serial_component = this;
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#ifdef USE_IMPROV_SERIAL_UART
+  // Transport is a dedicated UART bus set via set_uart() in generated code
+#elif defined(USE_ESP32)
   this->uart_num_ = logger::global_logger->get_uart_num();
   this->uart_selection_ = logger::global_logger->get_uart();
 #elif defined(USE_ARDUINO)
   this->hw_serial_ = logger::global_logger->get_hw_serial();
 #endif
 
-  if (wifi::global_wifi_component->has_sta()) {
+  // The Improv state machine tracks Wi-Fi provisioning only. General device
+  // connectivity (e.g. Ethernet) is reported separately via GET_NETWORK_STATE.
+#ifdef USE_WIFI
+  if (wifi::global_wifi_component != nullptr && wifi::global_wifi_component->has_sta()) {
     this->state_ = improv::STATE_PROVISIONED;
-  } else if (!wifi::global_wifi_component->is_disabled()) {
+  } else if (wifi::global_wifi_component != nullptr && !wifi::global_wifi_component->is_disabled()) {
     // Respect Wi-Fi's disabled state; forcing a scan while disabled throws
     // the wifi component into an invalid state from which it cannot recover.
     wifi::global_wifi_component->start_scanning();
   }
+#endif
 }
 
 void ImprovSerialComponent::loop() {
@@ -50,18 +62,24 @@ void ImprovSerialComponent::loop() {
     }
   }
 
-  if (this->state_ == improv::STATE_PROVISIONING) {
-    if (wifi::global_wifi_component->is_connected()) {
+#ifdef USE_WIFI
+  if (this->state_ == improv::STATE_PROVISIONING && wifi::global_wifi_component != nullptr &&
+      wifi::global_wifi_component->is_connected()) {
+    // Being connected is not enough: re-provisioning a device that is already online leaves the
+    // prior network up until it drops, so check that the joined network is the requested one
+    // before reporting success. Same test as the wifi.connect action.
+    char ssid_buf[wifi::SSID_BUFFER_SIZE];
+    if (strcmp(wifi::global_wifi_component->wifi_ssid_to(ssid_buf), this->connecting_sta_.get_ssid().c_str()) == 0) {
       wifi::global_wifi_component->save_wifi_sta(this->connecting_sta_.get_ssid(),
                                                  this->connecting_sta_.get_password());
       this->connecting_sta_ = {};
       this->cancel_timeout("wifi-connect-timeout");
       this->set_state_(improv::STATE_PROVISIONED);
 
-      std::vector<uint8_t> url = this->build_rpc_settings_response_(improv::WIFI_SETTINGS);
-      this->send_response_(url);
+      this->send_settings_response_(improv::WIFI_SETTINGS);
     }
   }
+#endif
 }
 
 void ImprovSerialComponent::dump_config() { ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Improv Serial:"); }
@@ -88,7 +106,13 @@ void ImprovSerialComponent::write_data_(const uint8_t *data, const size_t size)
   }
   this->tx_header_[TX_CHECKSUM_IDX] = checksum;
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#ifdef USE_IMPROV_SERIAL_UART
+  this->uart_->write_array(this->tx_header_, header_tx_len);
+  if (there_is_data) {
+    this->uart_->write_array(data, size);
+    this->uart_->write_array(&this->tx_header_[TX_CHECKSUM_IDX], 2);  // Footer: checksum and newline
+  }
+#elif defined(USE_ESP32)
   switch (this->uart_selection_) {
     case logger::UART_SELECTION_UART0:
     case logger::UART_SELECTION_UART1:
@@ -133,43 +157,112 @@ void ImprovSerialComponent::write_data_(const uint8_t *data, const size_t size)
 #endif
 }
 
-std::vector<uint8_t> ImprovSerialComponent::build_rpc_settings_response_(improv::Command command) {
-  std::vector<std::string> urls;
-#ifdef USE_IMPROV_SERIAL_NEXT_URL
-  {
-    char url_buffer[384];
-    size_t len = this->get_formatted_next_url_(url_buffer, sizeof(url_buffer));
-    if (len > 0) {
-      urls.emplace_back(url_buffer, len);
-    }
-  }
-#endif
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER
-  for (auto &ip : wifi::global_wifi_component->wifi_sta_ip_addresses()) {
-    if (ip.is_ip4()) {
+void ImprovSerialComponent::add_webserver_urls_(improv::RpcResponseBuilder &builder, [[maybe_unused]] bool wifi_first) {
+  // The webserver listens on every interface, so advertise each one that has a usable IPv4.
+  // network::get_ip_addresses() can't be used here: it returns only the highest-priority
+  // interface's addresses, which are all-unset (0.0.0.0) when e.g. Ethernet has no link while
+  // the device is online via Wi-Fi, and 0.0.0.0 must not become the advertised URL. OpenThread
+  // is omitted: it only ever has IPv6 addresses, which cannot form an IPv4 http:// URL.
+  const auto append_urls = [&builder](const network::IPAddresses &addresses) {
+    for (const auto &ip : addresses) {
+      if (!ip.is_ip4() || !ip.is_set())
+        continue;
       char ip_buf[network::IP_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE];
       ip.str_to(ip_buf);
       // "http://" (7) + IP (40) + ":" (1) + port (5) + null (1) = 54
       char webserver_url[7 + network::IP_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE + 1 + 5 + 1];
-      snprintf(webserver_url, sizeof(webserver_url), "http://%s:%u", ip_buf, USE_WEBSERVER_PORT);
-      urls.emplace_back(webserver_url);
-      break;
+      // buf_append_printf keeps the format string in flash on ESP8266
+      size_t len =
+          buf_append_printf(webserver_url, sizeof(webserver_url), 0, "http://%s:%u", ip_buf, USE_WEBSERVER_PORT);
+      if (!builder.add_string(webserver_url, len)) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Response full; URL dropped");
+      }
     }
-  }
+  };
+#ifdef USE_WIFI
+  // Clients redirect to the first URL, so the interface the client just configured has to lead:
+  // another interface's address can be on a subnet that client cannot reach.
+  const auto append_wifi_urls = [&append_urls]() {
+    if (wifi::global_wifi_component != nullptr)
+      append_urls(wifi::global_wifi_component->get_ip_addresses());
+  };
+  if (wifi_first)
+    append_wifi_urls();
 #endif
-  std::vector<uint8_t> data = improv::build_rpc_response(command, urls, false);
-  return data;
+#ifdef USE_ETHERNET
+  if (ethernet::global_eth_component != nullptr)
+    append_urls(ethernet::global_eth_component->get_ip_addresses());
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_MODEM
+  if (modem::global_modem_component != nullptr)
+    append_urls(modem::global_modem_component->get_ip_addresses());
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_WIFI
+  if (!wifi_first)
+    append_wifi_urls();
+#endif
+}
+#endif  // USE_WEBSERVER
+
+void ImprovSerialComponent::send_settings_response_(improv::Command command) {
+  std::array<uint8_t, improv::RPC_RESPONSE_MAX_SIZE> buf;
+  improv::RpcResponseBuilder builder(buf, command);
+#ifdef USE_IMPROV_SERIAL_NEXT_URL
+  this->add_next_url_(builder, MAX_NEXT_URL_LEN);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_WEBSERVER
+  // This response only ever answers Wi-Fi provisioning, so lead with the Wi-Fi URL as it did
+  // before other interfaces were reported.
+  this->add_webserver_urls_(builder, /*wifi_first=*/true);
+#endif
+  this->send_response_(builder.finish(false));
 }
 
-std::vector<uint8_t> ImprovSerialComponent::build_version_info_() {
+void ImprovSerialComponent::send_version_info_() {
+// Entry cost per field is sizeof(lit): a length byte plus the string
 #ifdef ESPHOME_PROJECT_NAME
-  std::vector<std::string> infos = {ESPHOME_PROJECT_NAME, ESPHOME_PROJECT_VERSION, ESPHOME_VARIANT, App.get_name()};
+  static constexpr size_t INFO_ENTRIES_LEN =
+      sizeof(ESPHOME_PROJECT_NAME) + sizeof(ESPHOME_PROJECT_VERSION) + sizeof(ESPHOME_VARIANT);
 #else
-  std::vector<std::string> infos = {"ESPHome", ESPHOME_VERSION, ESPHOME_VARIANT, App.get_name()};
+  static constexpr size_t INFO_ENTRIES_LEN = sizeof("ESPHome") + sizeof(ESPHOME_VERSION) + sizeof(ESPHOME_VARIANT);
 #endif
-  std::vector<uint8_t> data = improv::build_rpc_response(improv::GET_DEVICE_INFO, infos, false);
-  return data;
-};
+  static_assert(INFO_ENTRIES_LEN < MAX_SERIAL_PAYLOAD,
+                "esphome project name and version too long for the improv_serial device info frame");
+  std::array<uint8_t, improv::RPC_RESPONSE_MAX_SIZE> buf;
+  improv::RpcResponseBuilder builder(buf, improv::GET_DEVICE_INFO);
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+  // Keep each literal in flash and copy it through an exact size stack buffer,
+  // so a long project name or version can never be truncated
+#define IMPROV_ADD_INFO(lit) \
+  do { \
+    static const char progmem_str[] PROGMEM = lit; \
+    char tmp[sizeof(lit)]; \
+    progmem_memcpy(tmp, progmem_str, sizeof(lit)); \
+    builder.add_string(tmp, sizeof(lit) - 1); \
+  } while (0)
+#else
+  // Literals are directly flash mapped on all other platforms
+#define IMPROV_ADD_INFO(lit) builder.add_string(lit, sizeof(lit) - 1)
+#endif
+#ifdef ESPHOME_PROJECT_NAME
+  IMPROV_ADD_INFO(ESPHOME_PROJECT_NAME);
+  IMPROV_ADD_INFO(ESPHOME_PROJECT_VERSION);
+#else
+  IMPROV_ADD_INFO("ESPHome");
+  IMPROV_ADD_INFO(ESPHOME_VERSION);
+#endif
+  IMPROV_ADD_INFO(ESPHOME_VARIANT);
+#undef IMPROV_ADD_INFO
+  // Only the device name length is unknown at compile time
+  const auto &name = App.get_name();
+  if (INFO_ENTRIES_LEN + 1 + name.size() <= MAX_SERIAL_PAYLOAD) {
+    builder.add_string(name.c_str(), name.size());
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Response full; device name dropped");
+  }
+  this->send_response_(builder.finish(false));
+}
 
 bool ImprovSerialComponent::parse_improv_serial_byte_(uint8_t byte) {
   size_t at = this->rx_buffer_.size();
@@ -188,7 +281,8 @@ bool ImprovSerialComponent::parse_improv_serial_byte_(uint8_t byte) {
 bool ImprovSerialComponent::parse_improv_payload_(improv::ImprovCommand &command) {
   switch (command.command) {
     case improv::WIFI_SETTINGS: {
-      if (wifi::global_wifi_component->is_disabled()) {
+#ifdef USE_WIFI
+      if (wifi::global_wifi_component == nullptr || wifi::global_wifi_component->is_disabled()) {
         // Wi-Fi is disabled, so we can't provision. Respond immediately
         // instead of letting the client wait out its provisioning timeout.
         ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Wi-Fi is disabled; cannot provision");
@@ -200,66 +294,113 @@ bool ImprovSerialComponent::parse_improv_payload_(improv::ImprovCommand &command
       sta.set_password(command.password.c_str());
       this->connecting_sta_ = sta;
 
+      // Sampled before start_connecting(): the old connection drops asynchronously after it.
+      const bool switching = wifi::global_wifi_component->is_connected();
       wifi::global_wifi_component->set_sta(sta);
       wifi::global_wifi_component->start_connecting(sta);
       this->set_state_(improv::STATE_PROVISIONING);
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Received settings: SSID=%s, password=" LOG_SECRET("%s"), command.ssid.c_str(),
                command.password.c_str());
 
-      this->set_timeout("wifi-connect-timeout", 30000, [this]() { this->on_wifi_connect_timeout_(); });
+      this->set_timeout("wifi-connect-timeout", switching ? WIFI_SWITCH_TIMEOUT_MS : WIFI_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS,
+                        [this]() { this->on_wifi_connect_timeout_(); });
+#else
+      // No Wi-Fi support compiled in; there is nothing to provision.
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Wi-Fi not supported; cannot provision");
+      this->set_error_(improv::ERROR_UNABLE_TO_CONNECT);
+#endif
       return true;
     }
-    case improv::GET_CURRENT_STATE:
-      if (wifi::global_wifi_component->is_disabled()) {
-        // Wi-Fi is disabled; report the Improv "stopped" state so a client can tell
-        // the user that provisioning is unavailable. Reported transiently without
-        // disturbing our internal provisioning state machine, so a later `wifi.enable`
-        // still reports the correct state.
+    case improv::GET_CURRENT_STATE: {
+      // This state machine tracks Wi-Fi provisioning only. When Wi-Fi is disabled or not
+      // compiled in, provisioning is unavailable -> report STOPPED so the client doesn't
+      // offer a Wi-Fi form. General connectivity (e.g. Ethernet) is reported separately
+      // via GET_NETWORK_STATE.
+#ifdef USE_WIFI
+      if (wifi::global_wifi_component == nullptr || wifi::global_wifi_component->is_disabled()) {
+        // Reported transiently without disturbing our internal provisioning state machine,
+        // so a later `wifi.enable` still reports the correct state.
         this->send_current_state_(improv::STATE_STOPPED);
         return true;
       }
       this->set_state_(this->state_);
       if (this->state_ == improv::STATE_PROVISIONED) {
-        std::vector<uint8_t> url = this->build_rpc_settings_response_(improv::GET_CURRENT_STATE);
-        this->send_response_(url);
+        this->send_settings_response_(improv::GET_CURRENT_STATE);
       }
+#else
+      this->send_current_state_(improv::STATE_STOPPED);
+#endif
       return true;
+    }
     case improv::GET_DEVICE_INFO: {
-      std::vector<uint8_t> info = this->build_version_info_();
-      this->send_response_(info);
+      this->send_version_info_();
       return true;
     }
     case improv::GET_WIFI_NETWORKS: {
-      std::vector<std::string> networks;
+      // Declared out here because the terminating empty response is sent with or without Wi-Fi
+      std::array<uint8_t, improv::RPC_RESPONSE_MAX_SIZE> buf;
+#ifdef USE_WIFI
       const auto &results = wifi::global_wifi_component->get_scan_result();
-      for (auto &scan : results) {
-        if (scan.get_is_hidden())
+      for (const auto &scan : results) {
+        bool with_auth = false;
+        if (!wifi::should_show_scan_entry(results, scan, with_auth))
           continue;
-        const char *ssid_cstr = scan.get_ssid().c_str();
-        // Check if we've already sent this SSID
-        bool duplicate = false;
-        for (const auto &seen : networks) {
-          if (strcmp(seen.c_str(), ssid_cstr) == 0) {
-            duplicate = true;
-            break;
-          }
-        }
-        if (duplicate)
-          continue;
-        // Only allocate std::string after confirming it's not a duplicate
-        std::string ssid(ssid_cstr);
         // Send each ssid separately to avoid overflowing the buffer
         char rssi_buf[5];  // int8_t: -128 to 127, max 4 chars + null
-        *int8_to_str(rssi_buf, scan.get_rssi()) = '\0';
-        std::vector<uint8_t> data =
-            improv::build_rpc_response(improv::GET_WIFI_NETWORKS, {ssid, rssi_buf, YESNO(scan.get_with_auth())}, false);
-        this->send_response_(data);
-        networks.push_back(std::move(ssid));
+        char *rssi_end = int8_to_str(rssi_buf, scan.get_rssi());
+        *rssi_end = '\0';
+        improv::RpcResponseBuilder builder(buf, improv::GET_WIFI_NETWORKS);
+        // SSID(32) + RSSI(4) + YESNO(3) entries always fit the payload
+        const auto &ssid = scan.get_ssid();
+        builder.add_string(ssid.c_str(), ssid.size());
+        builder.add_string(rssi_buf, rssi_end - rssi_buf);
+        builder.add_string(YESNO(with_auth));
+        this->send_response_(builder.finish(false));
       }
+#endif  // USE_WIFI
       // Send empty response to signify the end of the list.
-      std::vector<uint8_t> data =
-          improv::build_rpc_response(improv::GET_WIFI_NETWORKS, std::vector<std::string>{}, false);
-      this->send_response_(data);
+      improv::RpcResponseBuilder builder(buf, improv::GET_WIFI_NETWORKS);
+      this->send_response_(builder.finish(false));
+      return true;
+    }
+    case improv::GET_NETWORK_STATE: {
+      // Reports general device connectivity and which network interfaces are present, decoupled
+      // from the Wi-Fi-only provisioning state machine. data[0] is a decimal flags byte;
+      // when online, the reachable device URL(s) follow.
+      uint8_t flags = 0;
+      if (network::is_connected())
+        flags |= improv::NETWORK_IS_ONLINE;
+#ifdef USE_WIFI
+      flags |= improv::NETWORK_SUPPORTS_WIFI;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_ETHERNET
+      flags |= improv::NETWORK_SUPPORTS_ETHERNET;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_OPENTHREAD
+      flags |= improv::NETWORK_SUPPORTS_THREAD;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_MODEM
+      flags |= improv::NETWORK_SUPPORTS_MODEM;
+#endif
+      std::array<uint8_t, improv::RPC_RESPONSE_MAX_SIZE> buf;
+      improv::RpcResponseBuilder builder(buf, improv::GET_NETWORK_STATE);
+      // Every flag bit fits int8_t's positive range, so int8_to_str renders the byte
+      static_assert(improv::NETWORK_SUPPORTS_MODEM <= 0x7F, "network flags no longer fit int8_to_str");
+      char flags_buf[4];  // uint8_t: max "255" + null
+      char *flags_end = int8_to_str(flags_buf, static_cast<int8_t>(flags));
+      builder.add_string(flags_buf, flags_end - flags_buf);
+#ifdef USE_WEBSERVER
+      // Not tied to one interface, so follow the configured priority the way
+      // network::get_ip_addresses() does: a wifi-first network priority list leads with Wi-Fi.
+      if (flags & improv::NETWORK_IS_ONLINE) {
+#if defined(USE_NETWORK_PRIMARY_INTERFACE_WIFI) && defined(USE_WIFI)
+        this->add_webserver_urls_(builder, /*wifi_first=*/true);
+#else
+        this->add_webserver_urls_(builder, /*wifi_first=*/false);
+#endif
+      }
+#endif
+      this->send_response_(builder.finish(false));
       return true;
     }
     default: {
@@ -287,17 +428,26 @@ void ImprovSerialComponent::set_error_(improv::Error error) {
   this->write_data_();
 }
 
-void ImprovSerialComponent::send_response_(std::vector<uint8_t> &response) {
+void ImprovSerialComponent::send_response_(std::span<const uint8_t> response) {
+  // The serial frame length field is a single byte
+  if (response.size() > MAX_SERIAL_RESPONSE) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Response too long");
+    // Fail fast instead of leaving the client to wait out its timeout
+    this->set_error_(improv::ERROR_UNKNOWN);
+    return;
+  }
   this->tx_header_[TX_TYPE_IDX] = TYPE_RPC_RESPONSE;
   this->write_data_(response.data(), response.size());
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_WIFI
 void ImprovSerialComponent::on_wifi_connect_timeout_() {
   this->set_error_(improv::ERROR_UNABLE_TO_CONNECT);
   this->set_state_(improv::STATE_AUTHORIZED);
   ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Timed out while connecting to Wi-Fi network");
   wifi::global_wifi_component->clear_sta();
 }
+#endif
 
 ImprovSerialComponent *global_improv_serial_component =  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
     nullptr;                                             // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
diff --git a/esphome/components/improv_serial/improv_serial_component.h b/esphome/components/improv_serial/improv_serial_component.h
index 00c40c4c7e..68cdd75214 100644
--- a/esphome/components/improv_serial/improv_serial_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/improv_serial/improv_serial_component.h
@@ -2,15 +2,22 @@
 
 #include "esphome/components/improv_base/improv_base.h"
 #include "esphome/components/logger/logger.h"
-#include "esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h"
+#include "esphome/components/network/util.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
-#ifdef USE_WIFI
+#ifdef USE_IMPROV_SERIAL
 #include <improv.h>
+#include <span>
 #include <vector>
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#ifdef USE_WIFI
+#include "esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h"
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_IMPROV_SERIAL_UART
+#include "esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h"
+#elif defined(USE_ESP32)
 #include <driver/uart.h>
 #ifdef USE_LOGGER_USB_SERIAL_JTAG
 #include <driver/usb_serial_jtag.h>
@@ -45,6 +52,31 @@ enum ImprovSerialType : uint8_t {
 static const uint16_t IMPROV_SERIAL_TIMEOUT = 100;
 static const uint8_t IMPROV_SERIAL_VERSION = 1;
 
+#ifdef USE_WIFI
+// Wi-Fi connect failure timers: a fresh provision reports at 30 s (stock behavior), while
+// switching networks on an already-connected device (disconnect + reconnect) can legitimately
+// take longer; 90 s matches esp32_improv's default wifi_timeout.
+static const uint32_t WIFI_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS = 30000;
+static const uint32_t WIFI_SWITCH_TIMEOUT_MS = 90000;
+#endif
+
+// The serial frame length field is one byte
+static constexpr size_t MAX_SERIAL_RESPONSE = 255;
+// command + data length + trailing byte
+static constexpr size_t RPC_RESPONSE_OVERHEAD = 3;
+static constexpr size_t MAX_SERIAL_PAYLOAD = MAX_SERIAL_RESPONSE - RPC_RESPONSE_OVERHEAD;
+#ifdef USE_WEBSERVER
+// length byte + "http://" + IPv4 + ":" + port. Reserves the first URL only; a device with
+// several interfaces online adds the rest best-effort and warns if one no longer fits.
+static constexpr size_t WEBSERVER_URL_RESERVE = 1 + 7 + 15 + 1 + 5;
+#else
+static constexpr size_t WEBSERVER_URL_RESERVE = 0;
+#endif
+// Entry budget minus its own length byte
+static constexpr size_t MAX_NEXT_URL_LEN = MAX_SERIAL_PAYLOAD - WEBSERVER_URL_RESERVE - 1;
+
+static_assert(MAX_SERIAL_RESPONSE <= improv::RPC_RESPONSE_MAX_SIZE, "builder buffer too small for the frame");
+
 class ImprovSerialComponent final : public Component, public improv_base::ImprovBase {
  public:
   void setup() override;
@@ -53,6 +85,10 @@ class ImprovSerialComponent final : public Component, public improv_base::Improv
 
   float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::AFTER_WIFI; }
 
+#ifdef USE_IMPROV_SERIAL_UART
+  void set_uart(uart::UARTComponent *uart) { this->uart_ = uart; }
+#endif
+
  protected:
   bool parse_improv_serial_byte_(uint8_t byte);
   bool parse_improv_payload_(improv::ImprovCommand &command);
@@ -60,16 +96,27 @@ class ImprovSerialComponent final : public Component, public improv_base::Improv
   void set_state_(improv::State state);
   void send_current_state_(improv::State state);
   void set_error_(improv::Error error);
-  void send_response_(std::vector<uint8_t> &response);
+  void send_response_(std::span<const uint8_t> response);
+#ifdef USE_WIFI
   void on_wifi_connect_timeout_();
+#endif
 
-  std::vector<uint8_t> build_rpc_settings_response_(improv::Command command);
-  std::vector<uint8_t> build_version_info_();
+#ifdef USE_WEBSERVER
+  /// Append one web server URL per interface that has a usable IPv4. With wifi_first the Wi-Fi
+  /// URL leads, for responses to Wi-Fi provisioning; otherwise interfaces go in priority order.
+  void add_webserver_urls_(improv::RpcResponseBuilder &builder, [[maybe_unused]] bool wifi_first);
+#endif
+  void send_settings_response_(improv::Command command);
+  void send_version_info_();
 
   ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE optional<uint8_t> read_byte_() {
     optional<uint8_t> byte;
     uint8_t data = 0;
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#ifdef USE_IMPROV_SERIAL_UART
+    if (this->uart_->available() && this->uart_->read_byte(&data)) {
+      byte = data;
+    }
+#elif defined(USE_ESP32)
     switch (this->uart_selection_) {
       case logger::UART_SELECTION_UART0:
       case logger::UART_SELECTION_UART1:
@@ -129,7 +176,9 @@ class ImprovSerialComponent final : public Component, public improv_base::Improv
       '\n',
   };
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#ifdef USE_IMPROV_SERIAL_UART
+  uart::UARTComponent *uart_{nullptr};
+#elif defined(USE_ESP32)
   uart_port_t uart_num_;
   logger::UARTSelection uart_selection_{logger::UART_SELECTION_UART0};
 #elif defined(USE_ARDUINO)
@@ -138,7 +187,9 @@ class ImprovSerialComponent final : public Component, public improv_base::Improv
 
   std::vector<uint8_t> rx_buffer_;
   uint32_t last_read_byte_{0};
+#ifdef USE_WIFI
   wifi::WiFiAP connecting_sta_;
+#endif
   improv::State state_{improv::STATE_AUTHORIZED};
 };
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ina219/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ina219/sensor.py
index 621fd62e82..97482f81a0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ina219/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ina219/sensor.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_VOLT,
     UNIT_WATT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ina226/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ina226/sensor.py
index 2a7b3fc212..4fd98fbcd4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ina226/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ina226/sensor.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
@@ -18,6 +20,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_VOLT,
     UNIT_WATT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -54,7 +57,7 @@ ADC_AVG_SAMPLES = {
 }
 
 
-def validate_adc_time(value):
+def validate_adc_time(value: Any) -> int:
     value = cv.positive_time_period_microseconds(value).total_microseconds
     return cv.enum(ADC_TIMES, int=True)(value)
 
@@ -112,7 +115,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ina260/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ina260/sensor.py
index b98b4ce6cb..b7b94a248b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ina260/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ina260/sensor.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_VOLT,
     UNIT_WATT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@mreditor97"]
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
 
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ina2xx_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ina2xx_base/__init__.py
index 15e2faba07..7bb589f0b1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ina2xx_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ina2xx_base/__init__.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import sensor
 from esphome.components.const import UNIT_AMPERE_HOUR
@@ -26,6 +28,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_WATT,
     UNIT_WATT_HOURS,
 )
+from esphome.core import EnumValue
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@latonita"]
 
@@ -76,7 +81,7 @@ SENSOR_MODEL_OPTIONS = {
 }
 
 
-def validate_model_config(config):
+def validate_model_config(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     model = config[CONF_MODEL]
 
     for key in config:
@@ -92,7 +97,7 @@ def validate_model_config(config):
     return config
 
 
-def validate_adc_time(value):
+def validate_adc_time(value: Any) -> EnumValue:
     value = cv.positive_time_period_microseconds(value).total_microseconds
     return cv.enum(ADC_TIMES, int=True)(value)
 
@@ -198,7 +203,7 @@ INA2XX_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
 
 
-async def setup_ina2xx(var, config):
+async def setup_ina2xx(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_model(config[CONF_MODEL]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/ina2xx_base/ina2xx_base.cpp b/esphome/components/ina2xx_base/ina2xx_base.cpp
index d3acf00eef..fec5cd2f13 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ina2xx_base/ina2xx_base.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ina2xx_base/ina2xx_base.cpp
@@ -209,7 +209,8 @@ void INA2XX::dump_config() {
                 "  CURRENT_LSB = %f\n"
                 "  SHUNT_CAL = %d",
                 this->shunt_resistance_ohm_, this->max_current_a_, this->shunt_tempco_ppm_c_,
-                (uint8_t) this->adc_range_, this->adc_range_ ? "±40.96 mV" : "±163.84 mV", this->current_lsb_,
+                (uint8_t) this->adc_range_,
+                this->adc_range_ ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("±40.96 mV") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("±163.84 mV"), this->current_lsb_,
                 this->shunt_cal_);
 
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  ADC Samples = %d; ADC times: Bus = %d μs, Shunt = %d μs, Temp = %d μs",
diff --git a/esphome/components/ina2xx_i2c/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ina2xx_i2c/sensor.py
index 1a470aa628..4bcbca8762 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ina2xx_i2c/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ina2xx_i2c/sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, ina2xx_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_MODEL
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["ina2xx_base"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@latonita"]
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await ina2xx_base.setup_ina2xx(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ina2xx_spi/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ina2xx_spi/sensor.py
index 3ebe2cac73..dc72dce7a9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ina2xx_spi/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ina2xx_spi/sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import ina2xx_base, spi
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_MODEL
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["ina2xx_base"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@latonita"]
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await ina2xx_base.setup_ina2xx(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ina3221/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ina3221/sensor.py
index acf7d7cdf0..db8dad2f54 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ina3221/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ina3221/sensor.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_VOLT,
     UNIT_WATT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/infrared/__init__.py b/esphome/components/infrared/__init__.py
index f8e77209b2..d04c82ea96 100644
--- a/esphome/components/infrared/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/infrared/__init__.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ from esphome.const import CONF_ID
 from esphome.core import CORE, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import queue_entity_register, setup_entity
 from esphome.coroutine import CoroPriority
-from esphome.types import ConfigType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType, SafeExpType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["remote_base"]
@@ -46,11 +46,11 @@ def infrared_schema(class_: type[cg.MockObjClass]) -> cv.Schema:
 
 
 @setup_entity("infrared")
-async def setup_infrared_core_(var: cg.Pvariable, config: ConfigType) -> None:
+async def setup_infrared_core_(var: cg.MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     """Set up core infrared configuration."""
 
 
-async def register_infrared(var: cg.Pvariable, config: ConfigType) -> None:
+async def register_infrared(var: cg.MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     """Register an infrared device with the core."""
     cg.add_define("USE_IR_RF")
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ async def register_infrared(var: cg.Pvariable, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     CORE.register_platform_component("infrared", var)
 
 
-async def new_infrared(config: ConfigType, *args) -> cg.Pvariable:
+async def new_infrared(config: ConfigType, *args: SafeExpType) -> cg.MockObj:
     """Create a new Infrared instance.
 
     :param config: Configuration dictionary.
diff --git a/esphome/components/infrared/infrared.cpp b/esphome/components/infrared/infrared.cpp
index 288b1e5c40..5a909738c6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/infrared/infrared.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/infrared/infrared.cpp
@@ -75,8 +75,6 @@ void Infrared::dump_config() {
                 YESNO(this->traits_.get_supports_receiver()));
 }
 
-InfraredCall Infrared::make_call() { return InfraredCall(this); }
-
 void Infrared::control(const InfraredCall &call) {
   if (this->transmitter_ == nullptr) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "No transmitter configured");
@@ -154,8 +152,12 @@ bool Infrared::on_receive(remote_base::RemoteReceiveData data) {
   // Forward received IR data to API server
 #if defined(USE_API) && defined(USE_IR_RF)
   if (api::global_api_server != nullptr) {
-    api::global_api_server->send_infrared_rf_receive_event(this->get_device_id_or_zero(), this->get_entity_key(),
-                                                           &data.get_raw_data());
+#ifdef USE_DEVICES
+    uint32_t device_id = this->get_device_id();
+#else
+    uint32_t device_id = 0;
+#endif
+    api::global_api_server->send_infrared_rf_receive_event(device_id, this->get_object_id_hash(), &data.get_raw_data());
   }
 #endif
   return false;  // Don't consume the event, allow other listeners to process it
diff --git a/esphome/components/infrared/infrared.h b/esphome/components/infrared/infrared.h
index 6d91c97cce..b6863e37ce 100644
--- a/esphome/components/infrared/infrared.h
+++ b/esphome/components/infrared/infrared.h
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ class Infrared : public Component, public EntityBase, public remote_base::Remote
   const InfraredTraits &get_traits() const { return this->traits_; }
 
   /// Create a call object for transmitting
-  InfraredCall make_call();
+  InfraredCall make_call() { return InfraredCall(this); }
 
   /// Get capability flags for this infrared instance
   uint32_t get_capability_flags() const;
diff --git a/esphome/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/inkbird_ibsth1_mini.cpp b/esphome/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/inkbird_ibsth1_mini.cpp
index 4df22aa9de..d360142bcb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/inkbird_ibsth1_mini.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/inkbird_ibsth1_mini.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #include "inkbird_ibsth1_mini.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::inkbird_ibsth1_mini {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "inkbird_ibsth1_mini";
@@ -15,7 +13,7 @@ void InkbirdIbstH1Mini::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Battery Level", this->battery_level_);
 }
 
-bool InkbirdIbstH1Mini::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool InkbirdIbstH1Mini::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   // The below is based on my research and reverse engineering of a single device
   // It is entirely possible that some of that may be inaccurate or incomplete
 
@@ -32,7 +30,7 @@ bool InkbirdIbstH1Mini::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &devic
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
   }
-  if (device.get_address_type() != BLE_ADDR_TYPE_PUBLIC) {
+  if (device.get_address_type() != ble_device_base::BLE_ADDR_TYPE_PUBLIC) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): address is not public");
     return false;
   }
@@ -46,7 +44,7 @@ bool InkbirdIbstH1Mini::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &devic
     return false;
   }
   const auto &mnf_data = mnf_datas[0];
-  if (mnf_data.uuid.get_uuid().len != ESP_UUID_LEN_16) {
+  if (mnf_data.uuid.type() != ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::Type::UUID16) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): manufacturer data element is expected to have uuid of length 16");
     return false;
   }
@@ -71,7 +69,7 @@ bool InkbirdIbstH1Mini::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &devic
   auto external_temperature = NAN;
 
   // Read bluetooth data into variable
-  auto measured_temperature = ((int16_t) mnf_data.uuid.get_uuid().uuid.uuid16) / 100.0f;
+  auto measured_temperature = ((int16_t) mnf_data.uuid.uuid16()) / 100.0f;
 
   // Set temperature or external_temperature based on which sensor is in use
   if (mnf_data.data[2] == 0) {
@@ -104,5 +102,3 @@ bool InkbirdIbstH1Mini::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &devic
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::inkbird_ibsth1_mini
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/inkbird_ibsth1_mini.h b/esphome/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/inkbird_ibsth1_mini.h
index 4c90d6d35b..726ea8c5ea 100644
--- a/esphome/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/inkbird_ibsth1_mini.h
+++ b/esphome/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/inkbird_ibsth1_mini.h
@@ -2,17 +2,15 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
-
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 
 namespace esphome::inkbird_ibsth1_mini {
 
-class InkbirdIbstH1Mini final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class InkbirdIbstH1Mini final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; }
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
 
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_temperature(sensor::Sensor *temperature) { temperature_ = temperature; }
@@ -29,5 +27,3 @@ class InkbirdIbstH1Mini final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPB
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::inkbird_ibsth1_mini
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/sensor.py b/esphome/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/sensor.py
index b446c9f1e2..84a207020e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL,
@@ -16,16 +16,18 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@fkirill"]
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base"]
 
 inkbird_ibsth1_mini_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("inkbird_ibsth1_mini")
 InkbirdIbstH1Mini = inkbird_ibsth1_mini_ns.class_(
-    "InkbirdIbstH1Mini", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "InkbirdIbstH1Mini", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("inkbird_ibsth1_mini"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(InkbirdIbstH1Mini),
@@ -57,15 +59,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/inkplate/display.py b/esphome/components/inkplate/display.py
index 47c8c898e5..350a0c1652 100644
--- a/esphome/components/inkplate/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/inkplate/display.py
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     PLATFORM_ESP32,
 )
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .const import INKPLATE_10_CUSTOM_WAVEFORMS, WAVEFORMS
 
@@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ MODELS = {
 CONF_CUSTOM_WAVEFORM = "custom_waveform"
 
 
-def _validate_custom_waveform(config):
+def _validate_custom_waveform(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_CUSTOM_WAVEFORM in config and config[CONF_MODEL] != "inkplate_10":
         raise cv.Invalid("Custom waveforms are only supported on the Inkplate 10")
     return config
@@ -146,19 +147,18 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def _validate_cpu_frequency(config):
+def _validate_cpu_frequency(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     esp32_config = fv.full_config.get()[PLATFORM_ESP32]
     if esp32_config[CONF_CPU_FREQUENCY] != "240MHZ":
         raise cv.Invalid(
             "Inkplate requires 240MHz CPU frequency (set in esp32 component)"
         )
-    return config
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _validate_cpu_frequency
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
 
     await display.register_display(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/integration/sensor.py b/esphome/components/integration/sensor.py
index 8d784df672..82e8ba8df8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/integration/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/integration/sensor.py
@@ -11,7 +11,10 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT,
     CONF_VALUE,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 integration_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("integration")
 IntegrationSensor = integration_ns.class_(
@@ -39,14 +42,14 @@ CONF_TIME_UNIT = "time_unit"
 CONF_INTEGRATION_METHOD = "integration_method"
 
 
-def inherit_unit_of_measurement(uom, config):
+def inherit_unit_of_measurement(uom: str, config: ConfigType) -> str:
     suffix = config[CONF_TIME_UNIT]
     if uom.endswith("/" + suffix):
         return uom[0 : -len("/" + suffix)]
     return uom + suffix
 
 
-def inherit_accuracy_decimals(decimals, config):
+def inherit_accuracy_decimals(decimals: int, config: ConfigType) -> int:
     return decimals + 2
 
 
@@ -90,7 +93,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
 
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
@@ -113,7 +116,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def sensor_integration_reset_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def sensor_integration_reset_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
@@ -130,7 +138,12 @@ async def sensor_integration_reset_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def sensor_integration_set_value_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def sensor_integration_set_value_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_VALUE], args, cg.float_)
diff --git a/esphome/components/internal_temperature/internal_temperature_bk72xx.cpp b/esphome/components/internal_temperature/internal_temperature_bk72xx.cpp
index b7332ee81f..91f47d831f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/internal_temperature/internal_temperature_bk72xx.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/internal_temperature/internal_temperature_bk72xx.cpp
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ uint32_t temp_single_get_current_temperature(uint32_t *temp_value);
 
 namespace esphome::internal_temperature {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "internal_temperature.bk72xx";
+static const char *const TAG = "internal_temperature";
 
 void InternalTemperatureSensor::update() {
   float temperature = NAN;
diff --git a/esphome/components/internal_temperature/internal_temperature_esp32.cpp b/esphome/components/internal_temperature/internal_temperature_esp32.cpp
index 64fe3707b1..2c6fda2af4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/internal_temperature/internal_temperature_esp32.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/internal_temperature/internal_temperature_esp32.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ uint8_t temprature_sens_read();
 
 namespace esphome::internal_temperature {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "internal_temperature.esp32";
+static const char *const TAG = "internal_temperature";
 
 void InternalTemperatureSensor::update() {
   float temperature = NAN;
diff --git a/esphome/components/internal_temperature/internal_temperature_rp2.cpp b/esphome/components/internal_temperature/internal_temperature_rp2.cpp
index 11f8e27fc3..c4ab33b0a5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/internal_temperature/internal_temperature_rp2.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/internal_temperature/internal_temperature_rp2.cpp
@@ -3,17 +3,76 @@
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "internal_temperature.h"
 
-#include "Arduino.h"
+#include <cmath>
+#include <hardware/adc.h>
+#include <pico/time.h>
+
+// The RP2 variant headers (pulled in transitively by Arduino.h) define
+// ADC_RESOLUTION as the pin-level ADC bit count, which would be substituted
+// into the constant below. Nothing here uses the Arduino definition, so drop
+// it for this file. Not restored with pop_macro: the uses below would then be
+// substituted again.
+#undef ADC_RESOLUTION
 
 namespace esphome::internal_temperature {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "internal_temperature.rp2";
+static const char *const TAG = "internal_temperature";
+
+// The on-die temperature sensor sits on the last ADC channel: input 4 on RP2040
+// and RP2350A, but input 8 on RP2350B, which has eight external channels rather
+// than four.
+//
+// This deliberately does not use the SDK's ADC_TEMPERATURE_CHANNEL_NUM. That
+// derives from NUM_ADC_CHANNELS, which <pico.h> settles from a board header, and
+// arduino-pico supplies a fixed B-die one for every RP2350 build. The real die
+// is only declared later, by the variant's pins_arduino.h, so the SDK constant
+// reads 8 on A-die boards. PICO_RP2350A itself is correct by the time this file
+// is compiled, on both arduino-pico and pico-sdk builds.
+#if defined(PICO_RP2350) && !defined(PICO_RP2350A)
+#error "PICO_RP2350A is not defined, so the RP2350 die is unknown and the temperature ADC channel cannot be chosen"
+#endif
+#if defined(PICO_RP2350) && !PICO_RP2350A
+static constexpr uint8_t TEMPERATURE_ADC_INPUT = 8;
+#else
+static constexpr uint8_t TEMPERATURE_ADC_INPUT = 4;
+#endif
+static constexpr float ADC_VREF = 3.3f;
+static constexpr float ADC_RESOLUTION = 4096.0f;  // 12-bit
+// RP2040 datasheet 4.9.5 / RP2350 datasheet 12.4.6: T = 27 - (V - 0.706) / 0.001721
+static constexpr float TEMPERATURE_AT_REFERENCE = 27.0f;
+static constexpr float REFERENCE_VOLTAGE = 0.706f;
+static constexpr float VOLTS_PER_DEGREE = 0.001721f;
+// The sensor is powered down again after each read, so every conversion is the
+// first one after enabling. Let the bias circuitry settle first, matching what
+// the adc component does for its own temperature readings.
+static constexpr uint32_t SETTLE_TIME_US = 1000;
+
+static float read_internal_temperature() {
+  // adc_init() resets the ADC block, so this runs at most once for this
+  // component. The adc component guards its own adc_init() the same way, so a
+  // redundant reset is still possible when both are used. That is harmless
+  // because both re-select their input on every read.
+  static bool adc_ready = false;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+  if (!adc_ready) {
+    adc_init();
+    adc_ready = true;
+  }
+
+  adc_set_temp_sensor_enabled(true);
+  busy_wait_us(SETTLE_TIME_US);
+  adc_select_input(TEMPERATURE_ADC_INPUT);
+  const uint16_t raw = adc_read();
+  adc_set_temp_sensor_enabled(false);
+
+  const float voltage = raw * (ADC_VREF / ADC_RESOLUTION);
+  return TEMPERATURE_AT_REFERENCE - (voltage - REFERENCE_VOLTAGE) / VOLTS_PER_DEGREE;
+}
 
 void InternalTemperatureSensor::update() {
   float temperature = NAN;
   bool success = false;
 
-  temperature = analogReadTemp();
+  temperature = read_internal_temperature();
   success = (temperature != 0.0f);
 
   if (success && std::isfinite(temperature)) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/internal_temperature/internal_temperature_zephyr.cpp b/esphome/components/internal_temperature/internal_temperature_zephyr.cpp
index be72ab6f51..50c597f6f1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/internal_temperature/internal_temperature_zephyr.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/internal_temperature/internal_temperature_zephyr.cpp
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::internal_temperature {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "internal_temperature.zephyr";
+static const char *const TAG = "internal_temperature";
 
 static const struct device *const DIE_TEMPERATURE_SENSOR = DEVICE_DT_GET_ONE(nordic_nrf_temp);
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/internal_temperature/sensor.py b/esphome/components/internal_temperature/sensor.py
index 805138071e..40ac216f0c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/internal_temperature/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/internal_temperature/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import sensor
+from esphome.components.esp32 import get_esp32_variant, include_builtin_idf_component
+from esphome.components.esp32.const import VARIANT_ESP32
 from esphome.components.zephyr import zephyr_add_prj_conf
 from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_platform
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
@@ -16,6 +18,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     PlatformFramework,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 internal_temperature_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("internal_temperature")
 InternalTemperatureSensor = internal_temperature_ns.class_(
@@ -43,10 +46,14 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
+    if CORE.is_esp32 and get_esp32_variant() == VARIANT_ESP32:
+        # temprature_sens_read() lives in the esp_phy blob, which is excluded by default
+        include_builtin_idf_component("esp_phy")
+
     if CORE.using_zephyr and CORE.is_nrf52:
         zephyr_add_prj_conf("SENSOR", True)
         zephyr_add_prj_conf("TEMP_NRF5", True)
diff --git a/esphome/components/interval/__init__.py b/esphome/components/interval/__init__.py
index ac9219ff6a..11c3e15b0d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/interval/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/interval/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INTERVAL, CONF_STARTUP_DELAY
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
 interval_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("interval")
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = automation.validate_automation(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: list[ConfigType]) -> None:
     for conf in config:
         var = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_ID])
         await cg.register_component(var, conf)
diff --git a/esphome/components/it8951/display.py b/esphome/components/it8951/display.py
index 51c5fc6118..57bf86c4c6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/it8951/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/it8951/display.py
@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
 ESPHome configuration for the IT8951 e-paper controller.
 """
 
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import automation, core, pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import display, spi
@@ -33,8 +36,10 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL,
     CONF_WIDTH,
 )
-from esphome.cpp_generator import RawExpression
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, RawExpression, TemplateArgsType
 from esphome.final_validate import full_config
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["split_buffer"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
@@ -97,16 +102,16 @@ class IT8951Model:
 
     models: dict[str, "IT8951Model"] = {}
 
-    def __init__(self, name: str, **defaults):
+    def __init__(self, name: str, **defaults: Any) -> None:
         name = name.upper()
         self.name = name
         self.defaults = defaults
         IT8951Model.models[name] = self
 
-    def get_default(self, key, fallback=None):
+    def get_default(self, key: str, fallback: Any = None) -> Any:
         return self.defaults.get(key, fallback)
 
-    def get_dimensions(self, config) -> tuple[int, int]:
+    def get_dimensions(self, config: ConfigType) -> tuple[int, int]:
         # If dimensions are in config, use them; otherwise fall back to model defaults.
         if CONF_DIMENSIONS in config:
             dimensions = config[CONF_DIMENSIONS]
@@ -181,14 +186,16 @@ DIMENSION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-def _model_pin_option(model, key, schema):
+def _model_pin_option(
+    model: IT8951Model, key: str, schema: Callable[[Any], Any]
+) -> tuple[cv.Optional | cv.Required, Callable[[Any], Any]]:
     default = model.get_default(key)
     if default is None:
         return cv.Required(key), schema
     return cv.Optional(key, default=default), schema
 
 
-def _model_schema(config):
+def _model_schema(config: ConfigType) -> cv.Schema:
     model = IT8951Model.models[config[CONF_MODEL]]
     has_default_dimensions = (
         model.get_default(CONF_WIDTH) is not None
@@ -293,7 +300,7 @@ def _model_schema(config):
     return schema.extend(pin_extra)
 
 
-def _customise_schema(config):
+def _customise_schema(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     config = cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.Required(CONF_MODEL): cv.one_of(
@@ -336,7 +343,7 @@ def _customise_schema(config):
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = _customise_schema
 
 
-def _final_validate(config):
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # IT8951 reads from SPI (DevInfo, VCOM, register reads) so MISO is required.
     spi.final_validate_device_schema("it8951", require_miso=True, require_mosi=True)(
         config
@@ -351,13 +358,12 @@ def _final_validate(config):
                 config[CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL] = update_interval("never")
         else:
             config[CONF_SHOW_TEST_CARD] = True
-    return config
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     model = IT8951Model.models[config[CONF_MODEL]]
     width, height = model.get_dimensions(config)
 
@@ -424,7 +430,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def it8951_update_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def it8951_update_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     display_var = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, display_var)
     if mode := config.get(CONF_MODE):
diff --git a/esphome/components/it8951/it8951.cpp b/esphome/components/it8951/it8951.cpp
index cc2bddeda7..179c2e5f63 100644
--- a/esphome/components/it8951/it8951.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/it8951/it8951.cpp
@@ -740,7 +740,7 @@ bool IT8951Display::prepare_update_region_(UpdateMode &mode) {
   this->reset_dirty_region_();
 
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Update: %ux%u@%u,%u mode=%u (%s)", width, height, x, y, static_cast<unsigned>(mode),
-           this->grayscale_ ? "grayscale" : "mono");
+           this->grayscale_ ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("grayscale") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("mono"));
   return true;
 }
 
@@ -1063,25 +1063,27 @@ void IT8951Display::dump_config() {
     strncpy(force_temperature, "(controller default)", sizeof(force_temperature));
     force_temperature[sizeof(force_temperature) - 1] = '\0';
   }
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
-                "  Model preset: %s"
-                "\n  Dimensions: %dx%d"
-                "\n  Buffer: %u bytes"
-                "\n  Image buffer addr: 0x%04X%04X"
-                "\n  VCOM: %.02fV (set selector 0x%04X)"
-                "\n  Force temperature: %s"
-                "\n  Display command: %s"
-                "\n  Sleep when done: %s"
-                "\n  Full update every: %u"
-                "\n  Inverted colors: %s"
-                "\n  Pixel format: %s"
-                "\n  Reset duration: %" PRIu32 "ms",
-                this->name_ != nullptr ? this->name_ : "(unknown)", this->get_width_internal(),
-                this->get_height_internal(), static_cast<unsigned>(this->buffer_length_), this->img_buf_addr_h_,
-                this->img_buf_addr_l_, static_cast<float>(this->vcom_) / 1000.0f, this->vcom_register_,
-                force_temperature, this->use_legacy_dpy_area_ ? "DPY_AREA (0x0034, legacy)" : "DPY_BUF_AREA (0x0037)",
-                YESNO(this->sleep_when_done_), this->full_update_every_, YESNO(this->invert_colors_),
-                this->grayscale_ ? "4bpp grayscale" : "1bpp monochrome", this->reset_duration_);
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(
+      TAG,
+      "  Model preset: %s"
+      "\n  Dimensions: %dx%d"
+      "\n  Buffer: %u bytes"
+      "\n  Image buffer addr: 0x%04X%04X"
+      "\n  VCOM: %.02fV (set selector 0x%04X)"
+      "\n  Force temperature: %s"
+      "\n  Display command: %s"
+      "\n  Sleep when done: %s"
+      "\n  Full update every: %u"
+      "\n  Inverted colors: %s"
+      "\n  Pixel format: %s"
+      "\n  Reset duration: %" PRIu32 "ms",
+      this->name_ != nullptr ? this->name_ : LOG_STR_LITERAL("(unknown)"), this->get_width_internal(),
+      this->get_height_internal(), static_cast<unsigned>(this->buffer_length_), this->img_buf_addr_h_,
+      this->img_buf_addr_l_, static_cast<float>(this->vcom_) / 1000.0f, this->vcom_register_, force_temperature,
+      this->use_legacy_dpy_area_ ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("DPY_AREA (0x0034, legacy)")
+                                 : LOG_STR_LITERAL("DPY_BUF_AREA (0x0037)"),
+      YESNO(this->sleep_when_done_), this->full_update_every_, YESNO(this->invert_colors_),
+      this->grayscale_ ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("4bpp grayscale") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("1bpp monochrome"), this->reset_duration_);
   LOG_PIN("  Reset Pin: ", this->reset_pin_);
   LOG_PIN("  Busy Pin: ", this->busy_pin_);
   LOG_PIN("  CS Pin: ", this->cs_);
diff --git a/esphome/components/jsn_sr04t/sensor.py b/esphome/components/jsn_sr04t/sensor.py
index 214724aa3f..0c4187b823 100644
--- a/esphome/components/jsn_sr04t/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/jsn_sr04t/sensor.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_METER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@Mafus1"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/json/__init__.py b/esphome/components/json/__init__.py
index 3cb89a6cd9..af7eb7e733 100644
--- a/esphome/components/json/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/json/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
 json_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("json")
@@ -11,7 +12,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.BUS)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if CORE.is_esp32:
         from esphome.components.esp32 import add_idf_component
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/kamstrup_kmp/sensor.py b/esphome/components/kamstrup_kmp/sensor.py
index 75ec432ad9..6465012897 100644
--- a/esphome/components/kamstrup_kmp/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/kamstrup_kmp/sensor.py
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_KILOWATT,
     UNIT_LITRE_PER_HOUR,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@cfeenstra1024"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
@@ -105,7 +106,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/key_collector/__init__.py b/esphome/components/key_collector/__init__.py
index 1f4519df2d..bf47b6df88 100644
--- a/esphome/components/key_collector/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/key_collector/__init__.py
@@ -15,8 +15,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TIMEOUT,
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, literal
-from esphome.types import TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType, TemplateArgsType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@ssieb"]
 
@@ -90,7 +91,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     for source_conf in config.get(CONF_SOURCE_ID, ()):
@@ -144,7 +145,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def enable_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def enable_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
@@ -160,7 +166,12 @@ async def enable_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def disable_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def disable_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/key_collector/key_collector.cpp b/esphome/components/key_collector/key_collector.cpp
index cb7d47b7f0..42f02d39d4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/key_collector/key_collector.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/key_collector/key_collector.cpp
@@ -14,27 +14,36 @@ void KeyCollector::loop() {
 }
 
 void KeyCollector::dump_config() {
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_CONFIG
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Key Collector:");
-  if (this->min_length_ > 0)
+  if (this->min_length_ > 0) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  min length: %d", this->min_length_);
-  if (this->max_length_ > 0)
+  }
+  if (this->max_length_ > 0) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  max length: %d", this->max_length_);
-  if (!this->back_keys_.empty())
+  }
+  if (!this->back_keys_.empty()) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  erase keys '%s'", this->back_keys_.c_str());
-  if (!this->clear_keys_.empty())
+  }
+  if (!this->clear_keys_.empty()) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  clear keys '%s'", this->clear_keys_.c_str());
-  if (!this->start_keys_.empty())
+  }
+  if (!this->start_keys_.empty()) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  start keys '%s'", this->start_keys_.c_str());
+  }
   if (!this->end_keys_.empty()) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                   "  end keys '%s'\n"
                   "  end key is required: %s",
                   this->end_keys_.c_str(), ONOFF(this->end_key_required_));
   }
-  if (!this->allowed_keys_.empty())
+  if (!this->allowed_keys_.empty()) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  allowed keys '%s'", this->allowed_keys_.c_str());
-  if (this->timeout_ > 0)
+  }
+  if (this->timeout_ > 0) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  entry timeout: %0.1f", this->timeout_ / 1000.0);
+  }
+#endif
 }
 
 void KeyCollector::add_provider(key_provider::KeyProvider *provider) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/key_collector/text_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/key_collector/text_sensor/__init__.py
index 1676cf7bdf..e32d15df2e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/key_collector/text_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/key_collector/text_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from esphome.components.text_sensor import TextSensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
 from esphome.cpp_generator import literal
-from esphome.types import TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType, TemplateArgsType
 
 from .. import CONF_ON_RESULT, CONF_SOURCE_ID, TRIGGER_TYPES, KeyCollector
 
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = text_sensor.text_sensor_schema(TextSensor).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_SOURCE_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await text_sensor.register_text_sensor(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/kmeteriso/sensor.py b/esphome/components/kmeteriso/sensor.py
index 4f6cb7d091..3e007d1310 100644
--- a/esphome/components/kmeteriso/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/kmeteriso/sensor.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/kuntze/kuntze.cpp b/esphome/components/kuntze/kuntze.cpp
index c47a80777c..cb04afe437 100644
--- a/esphome/components/kuntze/kuntze.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/kuntze/kuntze.cpp
@@ -1,87 +1,74 @@
 #include "kuntze.h"
-#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
-#include "esphome/core/application.h"
 
 namespace esphome::kuntze {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "kuntze";
 
-static const uint16_t REGISTER[] = {4136, 4160, 4680, 6000, 4688, 4728, 5832};
+static constexpr uint16_t REGISTER_PH = 4136;
+static constexpr uint16_t REGISTER_TEMPERATURE = 4160;
+static constexpr uint16_t REGISTER_DIS1 = 4680;
+static constexpr uint16_t REGISTER_DIS2 = 6000;
+static constexpr uint16_t REGISTER_REDOX = 4688;
+static constexpr uint16_t REGISTER_EC = 4728;
+static constexpr uint16_t REGISTER_OCI = 5832;
+static constexpr uint16_t REGISTER[] = {REGISTER_PH,    REGISTER_TEMPERATURE, REGISTER_DIS1, REGISTER_DIS2,
+                                        REGISTER_REDOX, REGISTER_EC,          REGISTER_OCI};
 
-// Maximum bytes to log for Modbus responses (2 registers = 4, plus count = 5)
-static constexpr size_t KUNTZE_MAX_LOG_BYTES = 8;
+void Kuntze::on_read_holding_registers(uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint16_t> registers,
+                                       modbus::ResponseStatus status) {
+  if (!modbus::succeeded(status) || registers.size() < 2)
+    return;
 
-void Kuntze::on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) {
-  auto data = modbus::helpers::server_pdu_payload(response_pdu);
-  auto get_16bit = [&](int i) -> uint16_t { return (uint16_t(data[i * 2]) << 8) | uint16_t(data[i * 2 + 1]); };
+  // Each value is a register pair: the reading, then the number of decimal places in its low byte.
+  float value = registers[0];
+  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < (registers[1] & 0xFF); i++)
+    value /= 10.0f;
 
-  this->waiting_ = false;
-#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
-  char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(KUNTZE_MAX_LOG_BYTES)];
-#endif
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Data: %s", format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, data.data(), data.size()));
-
-  float value = (float) get_16bit(0);
-  for (int i = 0; i < data[3]; i++)
-    value /= 10.0;
-  switch (this->state_) {
-    case 1:
+  switch (start_address) {
+    case REGISTER_PH:
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "pH=%.1f", value);
       if (this->ph_sensor_ != nullptr)
         this->ph_sensor_->publish_state(value);
       break;
-    case 2:
+    case REGISTER_TEMPERATURE:
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "temperature=%.1f", value);
       if (this->temperature_sensor_ != nullptr)
         this->temperature_sensor_->publish_state(value);
       break;
-    case 3:
+    case REGISTER_DIS1:
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "DIS1=%.1f", value);
       if (this->dis1_sensor_ != nullptr)
         this->dis1_sensor_->publish_state(value);
       break;
-    case 4:
+    case REGISTER_DIS2:
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "DIS2=%.1f", value);
       if (this->dis2_sensor_ != nullptr)
         this->dis2_sensor_->publish_state(value);
       break;
-    case 5:
+    case REGISTER_REDOX:
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "REDOX=%.1f", value);
       if (this->redox_sensor_ != nullptr)
         this->redox_sensor_->publish_state(value);
       break;
-    case 6:
+    case REGISTER_EC:
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "EC=%.1f", value);
       if (this->ec_sensor_ != nullptr)
         this->ec_sensor_->publish_state(value);
       break;
-    case 7:
+    case REGISTER_OCI:
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "OCI=%.1f", value);
       if (this->oci_sensor_ != nullptr)
         this->oci_sensor_->publish_state(value);
       break;
   }
-  if (++this->state_ > 7)
-    this->state_ = 0;
 }
 
-void Kuntze::loop() {
-  uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
-  // timeout after 15 seconds
-  if (this->waiting_ && (now - this->last_send_ > 15000)) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "timed out waiting for response");
-    this->waiting_ = false;
-  }
-  if (this->waiting_ || (this->state_ == 0))
-    return;
-  this->last_send_ = now;
-  this->read_holding_registers(REGISTER[this->state_ - 1], 2);
-  this->waiting_ = true;
+void Kuntze::update() {
+  for (uint16_t reg : REGISTER)
+    this->read_holding_registers(reg, 2);
 }
 
-void Kuntze::update() { this->state_ = 1; }
-
 void Kuntze::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "Kuntze:\n"
diff --git a/esphome/components/kuntze/kuntze.h b/esphome/components/kuntze/kuntze.h
index 28c8089748..84197b379d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/kuntze/kuntze.h
+++ b/esphome/components/kuntze/kuntze.h
@@ -18,18 +18,14 @@ class Kuntze final : public PollingComponent, public modbus::ModbusClientDevice
   void set_ec_sensor(sensor::Sensor *ec_sensor) { ec_sensor_ = ec_sensor; }
   void set_oci_sensor(sensor::Sensor *oci_sensor) { oci_sensor_ = oci_sensor; }
 
-  void loop() override;
   void update() override;
 
-  void on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) override;
+  void on_read_holding_registers(uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint16_t> registers,
+                                 modbus::ResponseStatus status) override;
 
   void dump_config() override;
 
  protected:
-  int state_{0};
-  bool waiting_{false};
-  uint32_t last_send_{0};
-
   sensor::Sensor *ph_sensor_{nullptr};
   sensor::Sensor *temperature_sensor_{nullptr};
   sensor::Sensor *dis1_sensor_{nullptr};
diff --git a/esphome/components/kuntze/sensor.py b/esphome/components/kuntze/sensor.py
index c11ede9db6..51d23991e2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/kuntze/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/kuntze/sensor.py
@@ -89,14 +89,14 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
-    return modbus.final_validate_modbus_device("kuntze", role="client")(config)
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    modbus.final_validate_modbus_device("kuntze", role="client")(config)
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await modbus.register_modbus_client_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/lc709203f/lc709203f.cpp b/esphome/components/lc709203f/lc709203f.cpp
index cbd733b611..a5dda6ca43 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lc709203f/lc709203f.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/lc709203f/lc709203f.cpp
@@ -150,7 +150,8 @@ void Lc709203f::dump_config() {
                 "  Pack Size: %d mAH\n"
                 "  Pack APA: 0x%02X\n"
                 "  Pack Rated Voltage: 3.%sV",
-                this->pack_size_, this->apa_, this->pack_voltage_ == 0x0000 ? "8" : "7");
+                this->pack_size_, this->apa_,
+                this->pack_voltage_ == 0x0000 ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("8") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("7"));
   LOG_I2C_DEVICE(this);
   LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Voltage", this->voltage_sensor_);
diff --git a/esphome/components/lc709203f/sensor.py b/esphome/components/lc709203f/sensor.py
index d4e6213425..3319c9be4b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lc709203f/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lc709203f/sensor.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PERCENT,
     UNIT_VOLT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/lcd_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/lcd_base/__init__.py
index bf1072ce66..08ec395720 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lcd_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lcd_base/__init__.py
@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import display
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_DATA, CONF_DIMENSIONS, CONF_POSITION
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_USER_CHARACTERS = "user_characters"
 
@@ -9,7 +13,7 @@ lcd_base_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("lcd_base")
 LCDDisplay = lcd_base_ns.class_("LCDDisplay", cg.PollingComponent)
 
 
-def validate_lcd_dimensions(value):
+def validate_lcd_dimensions(value: Any) -> list[int]:
     value = cv.dimensions(value)
     if value[0] > 0x40:
         raise cv.Invalid("LCD displays can't have more than 64 columns")
@@ -18,7 +22,7 @@ def validate_lcd_dimensions(value):
     return value
 
 
-def validate_user_characters(value):
+def validate_user_characters(value: list[ConfigType]) -> list[ConfigType]:
     positions = set()
     for conf in value:
         if conf[CONF_POSITION] in positions:
@@ -51,7 +55,7 @@ LCD_SCHEMA = display.BASIC_DISPLAY_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("1s"))
 
 
-async def setup_lcd_display(var, config):
+async def setup_lcd_display(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await display.register_display(var, config)
     cg.add(var.set_dimensions(config[CONF_DIMENSIONS][0], config[CONF_DIMENSIONS][1]))
     if CONF_USER_CHARACTERS in config:
diff --git a/esphome/components/lcd_gpio/display.py b/esphome/components/lcd_gpio/display.py
index 0a77daf336..10e21c87d1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lcd_gpio/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lcd_gpio/display.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_RS_PIN,
     CONF_RW_PIN,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["lcd_base"]
 
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ lcd_gpio_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("lcd_gpio")
 GPIOLCDDisplay = lcd_gpio_ns.class_("GPIOLCDDisplay", lcd_base.LCDDisplay)
 
 
-def validate_pin_length(value):
+def validate_pin_length(value: list[ConfigType]) -> list[ConfigType]:
     if len(value) != 4 and len(value) != 8:
         raise cv.Invalid(
             f"LCD Displays can either operate in 4-pin or 8-pin mode,not {len(value)}-pin mode"
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = lcd_base.LCD_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await lcd_base.setup_lcd_display(var, config)
     pins_ = [await cg.gpio_pin_expression(conf) for conf in config[CONF_DATA_PINS]]
diff --git a/esphome/components/lcd_menu/__init__.py b/esphome/components/lcd_menu/__init__.py
index 3f3162e31e..88b8ac21d4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lcd_menu/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lcd_menu/__init__.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.components.display_menu_base import (
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_DIMENSIONS, CONF_DISPLAY_ID, CONF_ID
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@numo68"]
 
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ LCDCharacterMenuComponent = lcd_menu_ns.class_(
 MULTI_CONF = True
 
 
-def validate_lcd_dimensions(config):
+def validate_lcd_dimensions(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if config[CONF_DIMENSIONS][0] < MINIMUM_COLUMNS:
         raise cv.Invalid(
             f"LCD display must have at least {MINIMUM_COLUMNS} columns to be usable with the menu"
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     disp = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_DISPLAY_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/lcd_pcf8574/display.py b/esphome/components/lcd_pcf8574/display.py
index 410c7f81b7..85a79e99ce 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lcd_pcf8574/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lcd_pcf8574/display.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, lcd_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_LAMBDA
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["lcd_base"]
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = lcd_base.LCD_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x3F))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await lcd_base.setup_lcd_display(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2410/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2410/__init__.py
index 360e56330a..19786f38d3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2410/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2410/__init__.py
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_PASSWORD, CONF_THROTTLE, CONF_TIMEOUT
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["ld24xx"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
@@ -69,7 +72,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
@@ -102,7 +105,12 @@ BLUETOOTH_PASSWORD_SET_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     BLUETOOTH_PASSWORD_SET_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def bluetooth_password_set_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def bluetooth_password_set_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_PASSWORD], args, cg.std_string)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2410/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/ld2410/binary_sensor.py
index fb5b5cabff..2b68733532 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2410/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2410/binary_sensor.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ICON_ACCOUNT,
     ICON_MOTION_SENSOR,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_LD2410_ID, LD2410Component
 
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     ld2410_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2410_ID])
     if has_target_config := config.get(CONF_HAS_TARGET):
         sens = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(has_target_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2410/button/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2410/button/__init__.py
index fa6f31ee25..59a9558331 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2410/button/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2410/button/__init__.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ICON_RESTART,
     ICON_RESTART_ALERT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_LD2410_ID, LD2410Component, ld2410_ns
 
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     ld2410_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2410_ID])
     if factory_reset_config := config.get(CONF_FACTORY_RESET):
         b = await button.new_button(factory_reset_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.cpp b/esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.cpp
index 32e49c643f..914de8e145 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.cpp
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #endif
 
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
 namespace esphome::ld2410 {
 
@@ -178,7 +179,7 @@ static inline bool validate_header_footer(const uint8_t *header_footer, const ui
 }
 
 void LD2410Component::dump_config() {
-  char mac_s[18];
+  char mac_s[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
   char version_s[20];
   const char *mac_str = ld24xx::format_mac_str(this->mac_address_, mac_s);
   ld24xx::format_version_str(this->version_, version_s);
@@ -511,7 +512,7 @@ bool LD2410Component::handle_ack_data_() {
         std::memcpy(this->mac_address_, &this->buffer_data_[10], sizeof(this->mac_address_));
       }
 
-      char mac_s[18];
+      char mac_s[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
       const char *mac_str = ld24xx::format_mac_str(this->mac_address_, mac_s);
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "MAC address: %s", mac_str);
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.h b/esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.h
index a0cce36d16..061846f1f1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.h
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ class LD2410Component final : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
   uint8_t out_pin_level_ = 0;
   uint8_t buffer_pos_ = 0;  // where to resume processing/populating buffer
   uint8_t buffer_data_[MAX_LINE_LENGTH];
-  uint8_t mac_address_[6] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+  uint8_t mac_address_[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
   uint8_t version_[6] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
   bool bluetooth_on_{false};
 #ifdef USE_NUMBER
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2410/number/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2410/number/__init__.py
index 01dbcc785d..3500d704a1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2410/number/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2410/number/__init__.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PERCENT,
     UNIT_SECOND,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_LD2410_ID, LD2410Component, ld2410_ns
 
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     ld2410_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2410_ID])
     if timeout_config := config.get(CONF_TIMEOUT):
         n = await number.new_number(
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2410/select/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2410/select/__init__.py
index 9c4f654aa1..e89e3d5997 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2410/select/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2410/select/__init__.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ICON_SCALE,
     ICON_THERMOMETER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_LD2410_ID, LD2410Component, ld2410_ns
 
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     ld2410_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2410_ID])
     if distance_resolution_config := config.get(CONF_DISTANCE_RESOLUTION):
         s = await select.new_select(
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2410/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ld2410/sensor.py
index 459018e263..ca42b3a1d3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2410/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2410/sensor.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CENTIMETER,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_LD2410_ID, LD2410Component
 
@@ -155,7 +156,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     ld2410_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2410_ID])
     if moving_distance_config := config.get(CONF_MOVING_DISTANCE):
         sens = await sensor.new_sensor(moving_distance_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2410/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2410/switch/__init__.py
index 4276b28a71..6d8053ddd6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2410/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2410/switch/__init__.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ICON_BLUETOOTH,
     ICON_PULSE,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_LD2410_ID, LD2410Component, ld2410_ns
 
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     ld2410_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2410_ID])
     if engineering_mode_config := config.get(CONF_ENGINEERING_MODE):
         s = await switch.new_switch(engineering_mode_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2410/text_sensor.py b/esphome/components/ld2410/text_sensor.py
index a34c8ec0d2..25c61a4825 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2410/text_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2410/text_sensor.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ICON_BLUETOOTH,
     ICON_CHIP,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_LD2410_ID, LD2410Component
 
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     ld2410_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2410_ID])
     if version_config := config.get(CONF_VERSION):
         sens = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(version_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2412/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2412/__init__.py
index e701d0bda9..82db319861 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2412/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2412/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_THROTTLE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["ld24xx"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@Rihan9"]
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2412/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/ld2412/binary_sensor.py
index 98fa5965cd..80cff014c0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2412/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2412/binary_sensor.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ICON_ACCOUNT,
     ICON_MOTION_SENSOR,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_LD2412_ID, LD2412Component
 
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     LD2412_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2412_ID])
     if dynamic_background_correction_status_config := config.get(
         CONF_DYNAMIC_BACKGROUND_CORRECTION_STATUS
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2412/button/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2412/button/__init__.py
index e0ca285265..5a1ea2e6a5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2412/button/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2412/button/__init__.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ICON_RESTART,
     ICON_RESTART_ALERT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_LD2412_ID, LD2412_ns, LD2412Component
 
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     LD2412_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2412_ID])
     if factory_reset_config := config.get(CONF_FACTORY_RESET):
         b = await button.new_button(factory_reset_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.cpp b/esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.cpp
index 093e8c72dc..7041b7539f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.cpp
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ static inline bool validate_header_footer(const uint8_t *header_footer, const ui
 }
 
 void LD2412Component::dump_config() {
-  char mac_s[18];
+  char mac_s[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
   char version_s[20];
   const char *mac_str = ld24xx::format_mac_str(this->mac_address_, mac_s);
   ld24xx::format_version_str(this->version_, version_s);
@@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ bool LD2412Component::handle_ack_data_() {
         std::memcpy(this->mac_address_, &this->buffer_data_[10], sizeof(this->mac_address_));
       }
 
-      char mac_s[18];
+      char mac_s[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
       const char *mac_str = ld24xx::format_mac_str(this->mac_address_, mac_s);
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "MAC address: %s", mac_str);
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.h b/esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.h
index f722f938ae..a52402c2ea 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.h
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ class LD2412Component final : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
   uint8_t out_pin_level_ = 0;
   uint8_t buffer_pos_ = 0;  // where to resume processing/populating buffer
   uint8_t buffer_data_[MAX_LINE_LENGTH];
-  uint8_t mac_address_[6] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+  uint8_t mac_address_[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
   uint8_t version_[6] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
   bool bluetooth_on_{false};
   bool dynamic_background_correction_active_{false};
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2412/number/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2412/number/__init__.py
index b6e1c8d039..1a81c330ad 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2412/number/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2412/number/__init__.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PERCENT,
     UNIT_SECOND,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_LD2412_ID, LD2412_ns, LD2412Component
 
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     LD2412_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2412_ID])
     if light_threshold_config := config.get(CONF_LIGHT_THRESHOLD):
         n = await number.new_number(
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2412/select/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2412/select/__init__.py
index a54cd700ed..02ecf2c30f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2412/select/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2412/select/__init__.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ICON_SCALE,
     ICON_THERMOMETER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_LD2412_ID, LD2412_ns, LD2412Component
 
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     LD2412_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2412_ID])
     if baud_rate_config := config.get(CONF_BAUD_RATE):
         s = await select.new_select(
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2412/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ld2412/sensor.py
index f562afe0ee..0b6e676931 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2412/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2412/sensor.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_EMPTY,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_LD2412_ID, LD2412Component
 
@@ -156,7 +157,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     LD2412_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2412_ID])
     if detection_distance_config := config.get(CONF_DETECTION_DISTANCE):
         sens = await sensor.new_sensor(detection_distance_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2412/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2412/switch/__init__.py
index 7a87e9e483..e7f71222fd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2412/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2412/switch/__init__.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ICON_BLUETOOTH,
     ICON_PULSE,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_LD2412_ID, LD2412_ns, LD2412Component
 
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     LD2412_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2412_ID])
     if bluetooth_config := config.get(CONF_BLUETOOTH):
         s = await switch.new_switch(bluetooth_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2412/text_sensor.py b/esphome/components/ld2412/text_sensor.py
index 22fba5193e..c8e9f42ef3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2412/text_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2412/text_sensor.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ICON_BLUETOOTH,
     ICON_CHIP,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_LD2412_ID, LD2412Component
 
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     LD2412_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2412_ID])
     if version_config := config.get(CONF_VERSION):
         sens = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(version_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2420/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2420/__init__.py
index 71a5fa13e4..5a5aabeba0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2420/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2420/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@descipher"]
 
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2420/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2420/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index 5ebc4a9f63..76b42c0362 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2420/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2420/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_HAS_TARGET, CONF_ID, DEVICE_CLASS_OCCUPANCY
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_LD2420_ID, LD2420Component, ld2420_ns
 
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     if CONF_HAS_TARGET in config:
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2420/button/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2420/button/__init__.py
index dfeb121c91..cfcffd0922 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2420/button/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2420/button/__init__.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ICON_RESTART,
     ICON_RESTART_ALERT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_LD2420_ID, LD2420Component, ld2420_ns
 
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     ld2420_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2420_ID])
     if apply_config := config.get(CONF_APPLY_CONFIG):
         b = await button.new_button(apply_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.cpp b/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.cpp
index ae622cda28..e342ead414 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.cpp
@@ -184,8 +184,6 @@ static int32_t get_firmware_int(const char *version_string) {
   return result;
 }
 
-float LD2420Component::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::BUS; }
-
 void LD2420Component::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "LD2420:\n"
@@ -703,7 +701,8 @@ uint8_t LD2420Component::set_config_mode(bool enable) {
     cmd_frame.data_length += sizeof(CMD_PROTOCOL_VER);
   }
   cmd_frame.footer = CMD_FRAME_FOOTER;
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Sending set config %s command: %2X", enable ? "enable" : "disable", cmd_frame.command);
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Sending set config %s command: %2X", enable ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("enable") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("disable"),
+           cmd_frame.command);
   return this->send_cmd_from_array(cmd_frame);
 }
 
@@ -746,7 +745,14 @@ void LD2420Component::set_reg_value(uint16_t reg, uint16_t value) {
   this->send_cmd_from_array(cmd_frame);
 }
 
-void LD2420Component::handle_cmd_error(uint8_t error) { ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Command failed: %s", ERR_MESSAGE[error]); }
+void LD2420Component::handle_cmd_error(uint16_t error) {
+  if (error < std::size(ERR_MESSAGE)) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Command failed: %s", ERR_MESSAGE[error]);
+  } else {
+    // The error word comes from the device reply frame; unknown codes must not index ERR_MESSAGE
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Command failed: error 0x%04X", error);
+  }
+}
 
 int LD2420Component::get_gate_threshold_(uint8_t gate) {
   uint8_t error;
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.h b/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.h
index ae44b16065..e13d0271e1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.h
@@ -105,10 +105,9 @@ class LD2420Component final : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
   void apply_config_action();
   void factory_reset_action();
   void revert_config_action();
-  float get_setup_priority() const override;
   int send_cmd_from_array(CmdFrameT cmd_frame);
   void report_gate_data();
-  void handle_cmd_error(uint8_t error);
+  void handle_cmd_error(uint16_t error);
   void set_operating_mode(const char *state);
   void auto_calibrate_sensitivity();
   void update_radar_data(uint16_t const *gate_energy, uint8_t sample_number);
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2420/number/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2420/number/__init__.py
index a2637b7b06..448639c911 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2420/number/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2420/number/__init__.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ICON_TIMELAPSE,
     UNIT_SECOND,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_LD2420_ID, LD2420Component, ld2420_ns
 
@@ -113,7 +114,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     LD2420_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2420_ID])
     if gate_timeout_config := config.get(CONF_PRESENCE_TIMEOUT):
         n = await number.new_number(
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2420/select/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2420/select/__init__.py
index b9059c120f..cd66064e47 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2420/select/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2420/select/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import select
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_LD2420_ID, LD2420Component, ld2420_ns
 
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     LD2420_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2420_ID])
     if operating_mode_config := config.get(CONF_OPERATING_MODE):
         sel = await select.new_select(
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2420/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2420/sensor/__init__.py
index 97acdabd7b..f98d63585b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2420/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2420/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CENTIMETER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_LD2420_ID, LD2420Component, ld2420_ns
 
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     if CONF_MOVING_DISTANCE in config:
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2420/text_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2420/text_sensor/__init__.py
index 14d982e5fb..cee8f25c1f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2420/text_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2420/text_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC, ICON_CHIP
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_LD2420_ID, LD2420Component, ld2420_ns
 
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     if CONF_FW_VERSION in config:
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2450/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2450/__init__.py
index 585c9f7bf5..4c37f4fcd1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2450/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2450/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_ON_DATA, CONF_THROTTLE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["ld24xx"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2450/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/ld2450/binary_sensor.py
index 89e629253a..779d151fd9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2450/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2450/binary_sensor.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     DEVICE_CLASS_MOTION,
     DEVICE_CLASS_OCCUPANCY,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_LD2450_ID, LD2450Component
 
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     ld2450_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2450_ID])
     if has_target_config := config.get(CONF_HAS_TARGET):
         sens = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(has_target_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2450/button/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2450/button/__init__.py
index 682487d750..42cadd2052 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2450/button/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2450/button/__init__.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ICON_RESTART,
     ICON_RESTART_ALERT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_LD2450_ID, LD2450Component, ld2450_ns
 
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     ld2450_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2450_ID])
     if factory_reset_config := config.get(CONF_FACTORY_RESET):
         b = await button.new_button(factory_reset_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp b/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp
index 0dc2638aad..4b41d63a88 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ void LD2450Component::setup() {
 }
 
 void LD2450Component::dump_config() {
-  char mac_s[18];
+  char mac_s[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
   char version_s[20];
   const char *mac_str = ld24xx::format_mac_str(this->mac_address_, mac_s);
   ld24xx::format_version_str(this->version_, version_s);
@@ -680,7 +680,7 @@ bool LD2450Component::handle_ack_data_() {
         std::memcpy(this->mac_address_, &this->buffer_data_[10], sizeof(this->mac_address_));
       }
 
-      char mac_s[18];
+      char mac_s[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
       const char *mac_str = ld24xx::format_mac_str(this->mac_address_, mac_s);
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "MAC address: %s", mac_str);
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h b/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h
index 10f9bb874a..c4f06ad224 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ class LD2450Component : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
   uint32_t moving_presence_millis_ = 0;
   uint32_t timeout_ = 5;
   uint8_t buffer_data_[MAX_LINE_LENGTH];
-  uint8_t mac_address_[6] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+  uint8_t mac_address_[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
   uint8_t version_[6] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
   uint8_t buffer_pos_ = 0;  // where to resume processing/populating buffer
   uint8_t zone_type_ = 0;
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2450/number/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2450/number/__init__.py
index 799c0703f2..4f242076d6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2450/number/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2450/number/__init__.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_MILLIMETER,
     UNIT_SECOND,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_LD2450_ID, LD2450Component, ld2450_ns
 
@@ -78,7 +79,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     ld2450_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2450_ID])
     if presence_timeout_config := config.get(CONF_PRESENCE_TIMEOUT):
         n = await number.new_number(
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2450/select/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2450/select/__init__.py
index 4f237dc94f..d91b42426a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2450/select/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2450/select/__init__.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
     ICON_THERMOMETER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_LD2450_ID, LD2450Component, ld2450_ns
 
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     ld2450_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2450_ID])
     if baud_rate_config := config.get(CONF_BAUD_RATE):
         s = await select.new_select(
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2450/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ld2450/sensor.py
index ae13900e7a..40462e202d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2450/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2450/sensor.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_DEGREES,
     UNIT_MILLIMETER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_LD2450_ID, LD2450Component
 
@@ -226,7 +227,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     ld2450_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2450_ID])
 
     if target_count_config := config.get(CONF_TARGET_COUNT):
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2450/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2450/switch/__init__.py
index 0c0c92377b..084f79ee1b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2450/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2450/switch/__init__.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ICON_BLUETOOTH,
     ICON_PULSE,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_LD2450_ID, LD2450Component, ld2450_ns
 
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     ld2450_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2450_ID])
     if bluetooth_config := config.get(CONF_BLUETOOTH):
         s = await switch.new_switch(bluetooth_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2450/text_sensor.py b/esphome/components/ld2450/text_sensor.py
index 4e5d7d419b..a8b978ef48 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2450/text_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2450/text_sensor.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ICON_CHIP,
     ICON_SIGN_DIRECTION,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_LD2450_ID, LD2450Component
 
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     ld2450_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2450_ID])
     if version_config := config.get(CONF_VERSION):
         sens = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(version_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld24xx/ld24xx.h b/esphome/components/ld24xx/ld24xx.h
index cba1b68a15..deac04e86f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld24xx/ld24xx.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ld24xx/ld24xx.h
@@ -45,8 +45,7 @@ static const char *const VERSION_FMT = "%u.%02X.%02X%02X%02X%02X";
 
 // Helper function to format MAC address with stack allocation
 // Returns pointer to UNKNOWN_MAC constant or formatted buffer
-// Buffer must be exactly 18 bytes (17 for "XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX" + null terminator)
-inline const char *format_mac_str(const uint8_t *mac_address, std::span<char, 18> buffer) {
+inline const char *format_mac_str(const uint8_t *mac_address, std::span<char, MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer) {
   if (mac_address_is_valid(mac_address)) {
     format_mac_addr_upper(mac_address, buffer.data());
     return buffer.data();
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld6002b/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld6002b/__init__.py
index af074fc7ea..af1e501a6a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld6002b/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld6002b/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_WAKEUP_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .const import CONF_AUTO_WAKE, CONF_WAKEUP_PULSE
 
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ ld6002b_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("ld6002b")
 LD6002BComponent = ld6002b_ns.class_("LD6002BComponent", cg.Component, uart.UARTDevice)
 
 
-def _validate_wakeup_options(config):
+def _validate_wakeup_options(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     """Reject wake options that would silently do nothing.
 
     Runs before the schema so the defaults for the keys below have not been
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld6002b/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/ld6002b/binary_sensor.py
index 319ace6f5d..74095d5ded 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld6002b/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld6002b/binary_sensor.py
@@ -2,30 +2,42 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_TARGET, DEVICE_CLASS_OCCUPANCY
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import LD6002BComponent
-from .const import CONF_LD6002B_ID, MAX_TARGETS
+from .const import AREA_COUNT, CONF_LD6002B_ID, MAX_TARGETS
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["ld6002b"]
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD6002B_ID): cv.use_id(LD6002BComponent),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_TARGET): binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(
-            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_OCCUPANCY,
-        ),
-    }
-).extend(
-    {
-        cv.Optional(f"target_{i + 1}"): binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(
-            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_OCCUPANCY,
-        )
-        for i in range(MAX_TARGETS)
-    }
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD6002B_ID): cv.use_id(LD6002BComponent),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TARGET): binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(
+                device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_OCCUPANCY,
+            ),
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(
+        {
+            cv.Optional(f"target_{i + 1}"): binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(
+                device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_OCCUPANCY,
+            )
+            for i in range(MAX_TARGETS)
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(
+        {
+            cv.Optional(f"detection_area_{i}"): binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(
+                device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_OCCUPANCY,
+            )
+            for i in range(AREA_COUNT)
+        }
+    )
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD6002B_ID])
 
     if target_config := config.get(CONF_TARGET):
@@ -36,3 +48,8 @@ async def to_code(config):
         if target_config := config.get(f"target_{i + 1}"):
             sens = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(target_config)
             cg.add(hub.set_target_presence_binary_sensor(i, sens))
+
+    for i in range(AREA_COUNT):
+        if area_config := config.get(f"detection_area_{i}"):
+            sens = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(area_config)
+            cg.add(hub.set_area_presence_binary_sensor(i, sens))
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld6002b/button/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld6002b/button/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a664890a86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ld6002b/button/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import button
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_AREA_ID,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_WAKEUP_PIN,
+    ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+    ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
+)
+import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+from .. import LD6002BComponent, ld6002b_ns
+from ..const import (
+    CONF_APPLY_AREA,
+    CONF_AUTO_INTERFERENCE,
+    CONF_CLEAR_INTERFERENCE,
+    CONF_GET_AREAS,
+    CONF_GET_DELAY,
+    CONF_GET_INSTALLATION,
+    CONF_GET_LOW_POWER_MODE,
+    CONF_GET_LOW_POWER_SLEEP_TIME,
+    CONF_GET_SENSITIVITY,
+    CONF_GET_TRIGGER_SPEED,
+    CONF_GET_Z_RANGE,
+    CONF_LD6002B_ID,
+    CONF_RESET_DETECTION_AREA,
+    CONF_RESET_UNATTENDED,
+    CONF_WAKE,
+)
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["ld6002b"]
+
+LD6002BButton = ld6002b_ns.class_("LD6002BButton", button.Button)
+ButtonType = ld6002b_ns.enum("ButtonType", is_class=True)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD6002B_ID): cv.use_id(LD6002BComponent),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_APPLY_AREA): button.button_schema(
+            LD6002BButton, entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_AUTO_INTERFERENCE): button.button_schema(
+            LD6002BButton, entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_GET_AREAS): button.button_schema(
+            LD6002BButton, entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_CLEAR_INTERFERENCE): button.button_schema(
+            LD6002BButton, entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_RESET_DETECTION_AREA): button.button_schema(
+            LD6002BButton, entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_GET_DELAY): button.button_schema(
+            LD6002BButton, entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_GET_SENSITIVITY): button.button_schema(
+            LD6002BButton, entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_GET_TRIGGER_SPEED): button.button_schema(
+            LD6002BButton, entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_GET_Z_RANGE): button.button_schema(
+            LD6002BButton, entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_GET_INSTALLATION): button.button_schema(
+            LD6002BButton, entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_GET_LOW_POWER_MODE): button.button_schema(
+            LD6002BButton, entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_GET_LOW_POWER_SLEEP_TIME): button.button_schema(
+            LD6002BButton, entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_RESET_UNATTENDED): button.button_schema(
+            LD6002BButton, entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_WAKE): button.button_schema(
+            LD6002BButton, entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC
+        ),
+    }
+)
+
+
+def final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    full_config = fv.full_config.get()
+    hub_id = config[CONF_LD6002B_ID]
+
+    if config.get(CONF_APPLY_AREA):
+        has_area_id_select = any(
+            entry.get(CONF_LD6002B_ID) == hub_id and entry.get(CONF_AREA_ID) is not None
+            for entry in full_config.get("select", [])
+        )
+        if not has_area_id_select:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"{CONF_APPLY_AREA} requires select.area_id for the same ld6002b instance",
+                path=[CONF_APPLY_AREA],
+            )
+
+    if config.get(CONF_WAKE):
+        hub_path = full_config.get_path_for_id(hub_id)
+        hub_config = full_config.get_config_for_path(hub_path[:-1])
+        if hub_config.get(CONF_WAKEUP_PIN) is None:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"{CONF_WAKE} requires {CONF_WAKEUP_PIN} on the parent ld6002b component",
+                path=[CONF_WAKE],
+            )
+
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = final_validate
+
+BUTTON_MAP = {
+    CONF_APPLY_AREA: ButtonType.APPLY_AREA,
+    CONF_AUTO_INTERFERENCE: ButtonType.AUTO_INTERFERENCE,
+    CONF_GET_AREAS: ButtonType.GET_AREAS,
+    CONF_CLEAR_INTERFERENCE: ButtonType.CLEAR_INTERFERENCE,
+    CONF_RESET_DETECTION_AREA: ButtonType.RESET_DETECTION_AREA,
+    CONF_GET_DELAY: ButtonType.GET_DELAY,
+    CONF_GET_SENSITIVITY: ButtonType.GET_SENSITIVITY,
+    CONF_GET_TRIGGER_SPEED: ButtonType.GET_TRIGGER_SPEED,
+    CONF_GET_Z_RANGE: ButtonType.GET_Z_RANGE,
+    CONF_GET_INSTALLATION: ButtonType.GET_INSTALLATION,
+    CONF_GET_LOW_POWER_MODE: ButtonType.GET_LOW_POWER_MODE,
+    CONF_GET_LOW_POWER_SLEEP_TIME: ButtonType.GET_LOW_POWER_SLEEP_TIME,
+    CONF_RESET_UNATTENDED: ButtonType.RESET_UNATTENDED,
+    CONF_WAKE: ButtonType.WAKE,
+}
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    for key, button_type in BUTTON_MAP.items():
+        if button_config := config.get(key):
+            b = cg.new_Pvariable(button_config[CONF_ID], button_type)
+            await button.register_button(b, button_config)
+            await cg.register_parented(b, config[CONF_LD6002B_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld6002b/button/ld6002b_button.cpp b/esphome/components/ld6002b/button/ld6002b_button.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fb398a9a59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ld6002b/button/ld6002b_button.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#include "ld6002b_button.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ld6002b {
+
+void LD6002BButton::press_action() { this->parent_->press_button(this->type_); }
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ld6002b
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld6002b/button/ld6002b_button.h b/esphome/components/ld6002b/button/ld6002b_button.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c222143453
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ld6002b/button/ld6002b_button.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/components/button/button.h"
+#include "../ld6002b.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ld6002b {
+
+class LD6002BButton : public button::Button, public Parented<LD6002BComponent> {
+ public:
+  explicit LD6002BButton(ButtonType type) : type_(type) {}
+
+ protected:
+  void press_action() override;
+
+  ButtonType type_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ld6002b
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld6002b/const.py b/esphome/components/ld6002b/const.py
index 4419a92d23..b7c3f54a6f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld6002b/const.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld6002b/const.py
@@ -1,8 +1,41 @@
+CONF_APPLY_AREA = "apply_area"
+CONF_AREA_CONFIG = "area_config"
+CONF_AUTO_INTERFERENCE = "auto_interference"
 CONF_AUTO_WAKE = "auto_wake"
+CONF_CLEAR_INTERFERENCE = "clear_interference"
 CONF_CLUSTER_ID = "cluster_id"
 CONF_DOPPLER_INDEX = "doppler_index"
+CONF_GET_AREAS = "get_areas"
+CONF_GET_DELAY = "get_delay"
+CONF_GET_INSTALLATION = "get_installation"
+CONF_GET_LOW_POWER_MODE = "get_low_power_mode"
+CONF_GET_LOW_POWER_SLEEP_TIME = "get_low_power_sleep_time"
+CONF_GET_SENSITIVITY = "get_sensitivity"
+CONF_GET_TRIGGER_SPEED = "get_trigger_speed"
+CONF_GET_Z_RANGE = "get_z_range"
+CONF_HOLD_DELAY = "hold_delay"
+CONF_INSTALLATION_MODE = "installation_mode"
 CONF_LD6002B_ID = "ld6002b_id"
+CONF_LOW_POWER = "low_power"
+CONF_LOW_POWER_SLEEP_TIME = "low_power_sleep_time"
+CONF_OTA_VERSION = "ota_version"
+CONF_POINT_CLOUD = "point_cloud"
+CONF_POINT_COUNT = "point_count"
+CONF_RESET_DETECTION_AREA = "reset_detection_area"
+CONF_RESET_UNATTENDED = "reset_unattended"
+CONF_TARGET_DISPLAY = "target_display"
+CONF_TRIGGER_SPEED = "trigger_speed"
+CONF_WAKE = "wake"
 CONF_WAKEUP_PULSE = "wakeup_pulse"
+CONF_WORK_MODE = "work_mode"
 CONF_Z = "z"
+CONF_Z_MAX = "z_max"
+CONF_Z_MIN = "z_min"
 
+KEY_X_MIN = "x_min"
+KEY_X_MAX = "x_max"
+KEY_Y_MIN = "y_min"
+KEY_Y_MAX = "y_max"
+
+AREA_COUNT = 4
 MAX_TARGETS = 3
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld6002b/ld6002b.cpp b/esphome/components/ld6002b/ld6002b.cpp
index 2a09e98c25..73fc7df331 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld6002b/ld6002b.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ld6002b/ld6002b.cpp
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cinttypes>
 #include <cmath>
+#include <cstdio>
 #include <cstring>
 
 namespace esphome::ld6002b {
@@ -14,20 +15,76 @@ static constexpr uint32_t SETUP_DELAY_MS = 100;
 
 // Command/message types
 static constexpr uint16_t TYPE_CONTROL = 0x0201;
+static constexpr uint16_t TYPE_SET_AREA = 0x0202;
+static constexpr uint16_t TYPE_SET_HOLD_DELAY = 0x0203;
+static constexpr uint16_t TYPE_SET_Z_RANGE = 0x0204;
+static constexpr uint16_t TYPE_SET_LOW_POWER_SLEEP = 0x0205;
 
 static constexpr uint16_t TYPE_REPORT_TARGET = 0x0A04;
+static constexpr uint16_t TYPE_REPORT_POINT_CLOUD = 0x0A08;
+static constexpr uint16_t TYPE_REPORT_AREA_PRESENCE = 0x0A0A;
+static constexpr uint16_t TYPE_REPORT_INTERFERENCE_AREAS = 0x0A0B;
+static constexpr uint16_t TYPE_REPORT_DETECTION_AREAS = 0x0A0C;
+static constexpr uint16_t TYPE_REPORT_DELAY = 0x0A0D;
+static constexpr uint16_t TYPE_REPORT_SENSITIVITY = 0x0A0E;
+static constexpr uint16_t TYPE_REPORT_TRIGGER = 0x0A0F;
+static constexpr uint16_t TYPE_REPORT_Z_RANGE = 0x0A10;
+static constexpr uint16_t TYPE_REPORT_INSTALLATION = 0x0A11;
+static constexpr uint16_t TYPE_REPORT_LOW_POWER = 0x0A12;
+static constexpr uint16_t TYPE_REPORT_LOW_POWER_SLEEP = 0x0A13;
+static constexpr uint16_t TYPE_REPORT_WORK_MODE = 0x0A14;
+static constexpr uint16_t TYPE_QUERY_VERSION = 0xFFFF;
 
 // Control command values for TYPE_CONTROL
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_AUTO_INTERFERENCE = 0x01;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_GET_AREAS = 0x02;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_CLEAR_INTERFERENCE = 0x03;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_RESET_DETECTION_AREA = 0x04;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_GET_DELAY = 0x05;
 static constexpr uint32_t CMD_POINT_CLOUD_ON = 0x06;
 static constexpr uint32_t CMD_POINT_CLOUD_OFF = 0x07;
 static constexpr uint32_t CMD_TARGET_DISPLAY_ON = 0x08;
 static constexpr uint32_t CMD_TARGET_DISPLAY_OFF = 0x09;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_SENSITIVITY_LOW = 0x0A;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_SENSITIVITY_MEDIUM = 0x0B;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_SENSITIVITY_HIGH = 0x0C;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_GET_SENSITIVITY = 0x0D;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_TRIGGER_SLOW = 0x0E;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_TRIGGER_MEDIUM = 0x0F;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_TRIGGER_FAST = 0x10;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_GET_TRIGGER = 0x11;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_GET_Z_RANGE = 0x12;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_INSTALL_TOP = 0x13;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_INSTALL_SIDE = 0x14;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_GET_INSTALLATION = 0x15;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_LOW_POWER_ON = 0x16;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_LOW_POWER_OFF = 0x17;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_GET_LOW_POWER = 0x18;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_GET_LOW_POWER_SLEEP = 0x19;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_RESET_UNATTENDED = 0x1A;
 
-static constexpr uint16_t TARGET_DATA_LEN = 20;  // x,y,z,dop_idx,cluster_id
+static constexpr uint16_t TARGET_DATA_LEN = 20;         // x,y,z,dop_idx,cluster_id
+static constexpr uint16_t AREA_DATA_LEN = 24;           // 6 floats
+static constexpr uint16_t AREA_CONFIG_LEN = 28;         // int32 + 6 floats
+static constexpr uint16_t AREA_PRESENCE_ENTRY_LEN = 4;  // uint32 per detection area
+
+static constexpr uint8_t AREA_ID_DEFAULT = 4;  // detection_area_0 for initial display
+
+static constexpr uint8_t VERSION_QUERY_DATA[] = {0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00};
 
 #ifdef ESPHOME_LOG_HAS_VERBOSE
 static const char *control_command_name(uint32_t command) {
   switch (command) {
+    case CMD_AUTO_INTERFERENCE:
+      return "auto_interference";
+    case CMD_GET_AREAS:
+      return "get_areas";
+    case CMD_CLEAR_INTERFERENCE:
+      return "clear_interference";
+    case CMD_RESET_DETECTION_AREA:
+      return "reset_detection_area";
+    case CMD_GET_DELAY:
+      return "get_delay";
     case CMD_POINT_CLOUD_ON:
       return "point_cloud_on";
     case CMD_POINT_CLOUD_OFF:
@@ -36,10 +93,114 @@ static const char *control_command_name(uint32_t command) {
       return "target_display_on";
     case CMD_TARGET_DISPLAY_OFF:
       return "target_display_off";
+    case CMD_SENSITIVITY_LOW:
+      return "sensitivity_low";
+    case CMD_SENSITIVITY_MEDIUM:
+      return "sensitivity_medium";
+    case CMD_SENSITIVITY_HIGH:
+      return "sensitivity_high";
+    case CMD_GET_SENSITIVITY:
+      return "get_sensitivity";
+    case CMD_TRIGGER_SLOW:
+      return "trigger_slow";
+    case CMD_TRIGGER_MEDIUM:
+      return "trigger_medium";
+    case CMD_TRIGGER_FAST:
+      return "trigger_fast";
+    case CMD_GET_TRIGGER:
+      return "get_trigger";
+    case CMD_GET_Z_RANGE:
+      return "get_z_range";
+    case CMD_INSTALL_TOP:
+      return "install_top";
+    case CMD_INSTALL_SIDE:
+      return "install_side";
+    case CMD_GET_INSTALLATION:
+      return "get_installation";
+    case CMD_LOW_POWER_ON:
+      return "low_power_on";
+    case CMD_LOW_POWER_OFF:
+      return "low_power_off";
+    case CMD_GET_LOW_POWER:
+      return "get_low_power";
+    case CMD_GET_LOW_POWER_SLEEP:
+      return "get_low_power_sleep";
+    case CMD_RESET_UNATTENDED:
+      return "reset_unattended";
     default:
       return "unknown";
   }
 }
+
+static const char *frame_type_name(uint16_t type) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case TYPE_CONTROL:
+      return "control";
+    case TYPE_SET_AREA:
+      return "set_area";
+    case TYPE_SET_HOLD_DELAY:
+      return "set_hold_delay";
+    case TYPE_SET_Z_RANGE:
+      return "set_z_range";
+    case TYPE_SET_LOW_POWER_SLEEP:
+      return "set_low_power_sleep";
+    case TYPE_REPORT_TARGET:
+      return "report_target";
+    case TYPE_REPORT_POINT_CLOUD:
+      return "report_point_cloud";
+    case TYPE_REPORT_AREA_PRESENCE:
+      return "report_area_presence";
+    case TYPE_REPORT_INTERFERENCE_AREAS:
+      return "report_interference_areas";
+    case TYPE_REPORT_DETECTION_AREAS:
+      return "report_detection_areas";
+    case TYPE_REPORT_DELAY:
+      return "report_delay";
+    case TYPE_REPORT_SENSITIVITY:
+      return "report_sensitivity";
+    case TYPE_REPORT_TRIGGER:
+      return "report_trigger";
+    case TYPE_REPORT_Z_RANGE:
+      return "report_z_range";
+    case TYPE_REPORT_INSTALLATION:
+      return "report_installation";
+    case TYPE_REPORT_LOW_POWER:
+      return "report_low_power";
+    case TYPE_REPORT_LOW_POWER_SLEEP:
+      return "report_low_power_sleep";
+    case TYPE_REPORT_WORK_MODE:
+      return "report_work_mode";
+    case TYPE_QUERY_VERSION:
+      return "query_version";
+    default:
+      return "unknown";
+  }
+}
+
+static bool is_expected_control_report(uint32_t command, uint16_t type) {
+  switch (command) {
+    case CMD_GET_AREAS:
+      return type == TYPE_REPORT_INTERFERENCE_AREAS || type == TYPE_REPORT_DETECTION_AREAS;
+    case CMD_GET_DELAY:
+      return type == TYPE_REPORT_DELAY;
+    case CMD_GET_SENSITIVITY:
+      return type == TYPE_REPORT_SENSITIVITY;
+    case CMD_GET_TRIGGER:
+      return type == TYPE_REPORT_TRIGGER;
+    case CMD_GET_Z_RANGE:
+      return type == TYPE_REPORT_Z_RANGE;
+    case CMD_GET_INSTALLATION:
+      return type == TYPE_REPORT_INSTALLATION;
+    case CMD_GET_LOW_POWER:
+    case CMD_LOW_POWER_ON:
+    case CMD_LOW_POWER_OFF:
+      return type == TYPE_REPORT_LOW_POWER;
+    case CMD_GET_LOW_POWER_SLEEP:
+      return type == TYPE_REPORT_LOW_POWER_SLEEP;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
 #endif
 
 uint16_t LD6002BComponent::read_u16_be(const uint8_t *data) { return (static_cast<uint16_t>(data[0]) << 8) | data[1]; }
@@ -70,10 +231,29 @@ void LD6002BComponent::write_u32_le(uint8_t *data, uint32_t value) {
   data[3] = (value >> 24) & 0xFF;
 }
 
+void LD6002BComponent::write_int32_le(uint8_t *data, int32_t value) {
+  write_u32_le(data, static_cast<uint32_t>(value));
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::write_f32_le(uint8_t *data, float value) {
+  uint32_t raw;
+  std::memcpy(&raw, &value, sizeof(raw));
+  write_u32_le(data, raw);
+}
+
 void LD6002BComponent::setup() {
+  // Only the point cloud stream needs the larger frame; nothing resizes the buffer after setup.
+  bool point_cloud_configured = false;
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+  point_cloud_configured = point_cloud_configured || this->point_count_sensor_ != nullptr;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SWITCH
+  point_cloud_configured = point_cloud_configured || this->point_cloud_switch_ != nullptr;
+#endif
+  this->max_data_len_ = point_cloud_configured ? DEFAULT_MAX_DATA_LEN_POINT_CLOUD : DEFAULT_MAX_DATA_LEN;
   // One allocation for the component lifetime; the parser reuses it for the header and every payload.
   RAMAllocator<uint8_t> allocator;
-  this->data_buf_ = allocator.allocate(DEFAULT_MAX_DATA_LEN);
+  this->data_buf_ = allocator.allocate(this->max_data_len_);
   if (this->data_buf_ == nullptr) {
     this->mark_failed(LOG_STR("Failed to allocate frame buffer"));
     return;
@@ -108,25 +288,164 @@ void LD6002BComponent::setup() {
       }
     }
 #endif
-    if (want_target_stream) {
-      this->send_control_command_(CMD_TARGET_DISPLAY_ON);
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+    // The work mode fallback reads presence off this stream, so it counts as a
+    // consumer of it here.  This only feeds the automatic branch below: with a
+    // target_display switch configured that switch still decides, and the
+    // fallback weighs no presence at all while the stream is off.
+    want_target_stream = want_target_stream || this->work_mode_text_sensor_ != nullptr;
+#endif
+    bool target_display_controlled = false;
+#ifdef USE_SWITCH
+    if (this->target_display_switch_ != nullptr) {
+      target_display_controlled = true;
+      // Nothing reports this switch back, so its restored state is the only state
+      // there is.  Restoring through the switch keeps its inversion in the path:
+      // the restored value is logical, and turn_on()/turn_off() are what turn it
+      // into the raw command, the published state and the stream flag.
+      const bool state = this->target_display_switch_->get_initial_state_with_restore_mode().value_or(true);
+      if (state) {
+        this->target_display_switch_->turn_on();
+      } else {
+        this->target_display_switch_->turn_off();
+      }
+    }
+#endif
+    if (!target_display_controlled) {
+      // No switch: the stream follows its consumers.  With none, nothing is sent
+      // and the module's own default stands -- but the reports are gated out
+      // regardless, because there is nothing configured for them to feed.
+      this->target_display_enabled_ = want_target_stream;
+      if (want_target_stream) {
+        this->send_control_command_(CMD_TARGET_DISPLAY_ON);
+      }
     }
 
-    this->send_control_command_(CMD_POINT_CLOUD_OFF);
+    bool point_cloud_controlled = false;
+#ifdef USE_SWITCH
+    if (this->point_cloud_switch_ != nullptr) {
+      point_cloud_controlled = true;
+      // The switch owns the stream, so it is also what applies the restored state:
+      // driving it rather than the module keeps the entity's inversion in the path.
+      const bool state = this->point_cloud_switch_->get_initial_state_with_restore_mode().value_or(false);
+      if (state) {
+        this->point_cloud_switch_->turn_on();
+      } else {
+        this->point_cloud_switch_->turn_off();
+      }
+    }
+#endif
+    if (!point_cloud_controlled) {
+      // No switch: the stream follows the sensor that reads it, which is also what
+      // the frame buffer above was sized for.
+      bool want_point_cloud = false;
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+      want_point_cloud = this->point_count_sensor_ != nullptr;
+#endif
+      this->send_control_command_(want_point_cloud ? CMD_POINT_CLOUD_ON : CMD_POINT_CLOUD_OFF);
+      this->point_cloud_enabled_ = want_point_cloud;
+    }
+
+#ifdef USE_SELECT
+    if (this->sensitivity_select_ != nullptr) {
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_GET_SENSITIVITY);
+    }
+    if (this->trigger_speed_select_ != nullptr) {
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_GET_TRIGGER);
+    }
+    if (this->installation_select_ != nullptr) {
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_GET_INSTALLATION);
+    }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+    if (this->z_min_number_ != nullptr || this->z_max_number_ != nullptr) {
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_GET_Z_RANGE);
+    }
+    if (this->low_power_sleep_number_ != nullptr) {
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_GET_LOW_POWER_SLEEP);
+    }
+    if (this->hold_delay_number_ != nullptr) {
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_GET_DELAY);
+    }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SWITCH
+    bool want_low_power = this->low_power_switch_ != nullptr;
+    if (want_low_power) {
+      // The module reports this one back, so the query below confirms what it took.
+      // Driving the switch applies its inversion; it also marks the restored value
+      // as reported, so the work mode fallback runs on that until the query lands.
+      const bool state = this->low_power_switch_->get_initial_state_with_restore_mode().value_or(false);
+      if (state) {
+        this->low_power_switch_->turn_on();
+      } else {
+        this->low_power_switch_->turn_off();
+      }
+    }
+#else
+    bool want_low_power = false;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+    want_low_power = want_low_power || this->work_mode_text_sensor_ != nullptr;
+#endif
+    if (want_low_power) {
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_GET_LOW_POWER);
+    }
+
+    bool want_area_report = false;
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+    for (const auto &area : this->interference_areas_) {
+      if (area.x_min != nullptr || area.x_max != nullptr || area.y_min != nullptr || area.y_max != nullptr ||
+          area.z_min != nullptr || area.z_max != nullptr) {
+        want_area_report = true;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if (!want_area_report) {
+      for (const auto &area : this->detection_areas_) {
+        if (area.x_min != nullptr || area.x_max != nullptr || area.y_min != nullptr || area.y_max != nullptr ||
+            area.z_min != nullptr || area.z_max != nullptr) {
+          want_area_report = true;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+    if (this->area_x_min_number_ != nullptr || this->area_x_max_number_ != nullptr ||
+        this->area_y_min_number_ != nullptr || this->area_y_max_number_ != nullptr ||
+        this->area_z_min_number_ != nullptr || this->area_z_max_number_ != nullptr) {
+      want_area_report = true;
+    }
+#endif
+    if (want_area_report) {
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_GET_AREAS);
+    }
+
+    this->init_area_id_pref_();
+    this->init_version_pref_();
+
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+    if (this->ota_version_text_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+      this->queue_command_(TYPE_QUERY_VERSION, VERSION_QUERY_DATA, sizeof(VERSION_QUERY_DATA));
+    }
+#endif
   });
 }
 
 void LD6002BComponent::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "HLK-LD6002B:\n"
-                "  Auto wake: %s",
-                this->auto_wake_ ? "true" : "false");
+                "  Auto wake: %s\n"
+                "  Max data length: %u",
+                this->auto_wake_ ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("true") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("false"),
+                static_cast<unsigned>(this->max_data_len_));
   if (this->wakeup_pin_ != nullptr) {
     LOG_PIN("  Wake-up Pin: ", this->wakeup_pin_);
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Wake Pulse: %ums", this->wakeup_pulse_ms_);
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Wake Pulse: %" PRIu32 "ms", this->wakeup_pulse_ms_);
   }
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Target Count", this->target_count_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Point Count", this->point_count_sensor_);
   for (auto &target : this->targets_) {
     LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Target X", target.x);
     LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Target Y", target.y);
@@ -134,12 +453,58 @@ void LD6002BComponent::dump_config() {
     LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Target Doppler Index", target.dop_idx);
     LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Target Cluster ID", target.cluster_id);
   }
+  for (auto &area : this->interference_areas_) {
+    LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Interference Area X Min", area.x_min);
+    LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Interference Area X Max", area.x_max);
+    LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Interference Area Y Min", area.y_min);
+    LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Interference Area Y Max", area.y_max);
+    LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Interference Area Z Min", area.z_min);
+    LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Interference Area Z Max", area.z_max);
+  }
+  for (auto &area : this->detection_areas_) {
+    LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Detection Area X Min", area.x_min);
+    LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Detection Area X Max", area.x_max);
+    LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Detection Area Y Min", area.y_min);
+    LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Detection Area Y Max", area.y_max);
+    LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Detection Area Z Min", area.z_min);
+    LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Detection Area Z Max", area.z_max);
+  }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
   LOG_BINARY_SENSOR("  ", "Presence", this->presence_binary_sensor_);
   for (uint8_t i = 0; i < MAX_TARGETS; i++) {
     LOG_BINARY_SENSOR("  ", "Target Presence", this->target_presence_[i]);
   }
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < AREA_COUNT; i++) {
+    LOG_BINARY_SENSOR("  ", "Detection Area Presence", this->area_presence_[i]);
+  }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+  LOG_TEXT_SENSOR("  ", "Work Mode", this->work_mode_text_sensor_);
+  LOG_TEXT_SENSOR("  ", "OTA Version", this->ota_version_text_sensor_);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+  LOG_NUMBER("  ", "Hold Delay", this->hold_delay_number_);
+  LOG_NUMBER("  ", "Z Min", this->z_min_number_);
+  LOG_NUMBER("  ", "Z Max", this->z_max_number_);
+  LOG_NUMBER("  ", "Low Power Sleep", this->low_power_sleep_number_);
+  LOG_NUMBER("  ", "Area X Min", this->area_x_min_number_);
+  LOG_NUMBER("  ", "Area X Max", this->area_x_max_number_);
+  LOG_NUMBER("  ", "Area Y Min", this->area_y_min_number_);
+  LOG_NUMBER("  ", "Area Y Max", this->area_y_max_number_);
+  LOG_NUMBER("  ", "Area Z Min", this->area_z_min_number_);
+  LOG_NUMBER("  ", "Area Z Max", this->area_z_max_number_);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SWITCH
+  LOG_SWITCH("  ", "Low Power", this->low_power_switch_);
+  LOG_SWITCH("  ", "Point Cloud", this->point_cloud_switch_);
+  LOG_SWITCH("  ", "Target Display", this->target_display_switch_);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SELECT
+  LOG_SELECT("  ", "Sensitivity", this->sensitivity_select_);
+  LOG_SELECT("  ", "Trigger Speed", this->trigger_speed_select_);
+  LOG_SELECT("  ", "Installation Mode", this->installation_select_);
+  LOG_SELECT("  ", "Area ID", this->area_id_select_);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -192,7 +557,7 @@ void LD6002BComponent::parse_byte_(uint8_t byte) {
           this->frame_type_ = read_u16_be(this->data_buf_ + 4);
           // The length is only trustworthy once the header checksum has been verified, so just
           // remember that the frame is oversized and let the HCK state act on it.
-          this->frame_oversize_ = this->data_len_ > DEFAULT_MAX_DATA_LEN;
+          this->frame_oversize_ = this->data_len_ > this->max_data_len_;
           this->parse_state_ = ParseState::HCK;
         }
       }
@@ -255,6 +620,7 @@ void LD6002BComponent::handle_frame_(uint16_t type, const uint8_t *data, uint16_
   }
   if (len == 0 && this->command_active_ && this->command_sent_ && type == this->active_command_.type) {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "ACK for command 0x%04X (module frame 0x%04X)", type, this->frame_id_);
+    const bool refresh_areas = (type == TYPE_SET_AREA) && this->area_write_in_flight_;
     // This settles one expected reply; the rest stay owed and become the debt for the next command.
     this->send_generation_++;
     this->stale_ack_type_ = type;
@@ -264,19 +630,79 @@ void LD6002BComponent::handle_frame_(uint16_t type, const uint8_t *data, uint16_
     this->command_sent_ = false;
     this->last_send_ms_ = 0;
     this->process_command_queue_();
+    if (refresh_areas) {
+      this->area_write_in_flight_ = false;
+      this->set_timeout(AREA_REFRESH_TIMEOUT, 50, [this]() { this->send_control_command_(CMD_GET_AREAS); });
+    }
     return;
   }
 
+#ifdef ESPHOME_LOG_HAS_VERBOSE
+  const uint32_t active_control_command =
+      (this->command_active_ && this->active_command_.type == TYPE_CONTROL && this->active_command_.len >= 4)
+          ? read_u32_le(this->active_command_.data.data())
+          : 0;
+  if (active_control_command != 0 && is_expected_control_report(active_control_command, type)) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Received %s (0x%04X) while waiting for %s (0x%02" PRIX32 ") ACK", frame_type_name(type), type,
+             control_command_name(active_control_command), active_control_command);
+  }
+#endif
+
   switch (type) {
     case TYPE_REPORT_TARGET:
       this->handle_target_report_(data, len);
       break;
+    case TYPE_REPORT_POINT_CLOUD:
+      this->handle_point_cloud_(data, len);
+      break;
+    case TYPE_REPORT_AREA_PRESENCE:
+      this->handle_area_presence_(data, len);
+      break;
+    case TYPE_REPORT_INTERFERENCE_AREAS:
+      this->handle_area_report_(true, data, len);
+      break;
+    case TYPE_REPORT_DETECTION_AREAS:
+      this->handle_area_report_(false, data, len);
+      break;
+    case TYPE_REPORT_DELAY:
+      this->handle_delay_report_(data, len);
+      break;
+    case TYPE_REPORT_SENSITIVITY:
+      this->handle_sensitivity_report_(data, len);
+      break;
+    case TYPE_REPORT_TRIGGER:
+      this->handle_trigger_speed_report_(data, len);
+      break;
+    case TYPE_REPORT_Z_RANGE:
+      this->handle_z_range_report_(data, len);
+      break;
+    case TYPE_REPORT_INSTALLATION:
+      this->handle_installation_report_(data, len);
+      break;
+    case TYPE_REPORT_LOW_POWER:
+      this->handle_low_power_report_(data, len);
+      break;
+    case TYPE_REPORT_LOW_POWER_SLEEP:
+      this->handle_low_power_sleep_report_(data, len);
+      break;
+    case TYPE_REPORT_WORK_MODE:
+      this->handle_work_mode_report_(data, len);
+      break;
+    case TYPE_QUERY_VERSION:
+      this->handle_version_report_(data, len);
+      break;
     default:
       break;
   }
 }
 
 void LD6002BComponent::handle_target_report_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+  // The module stops streaming when it acts on the command, not when the command
+  // is queued, so trailing frames after an off must not repopulate what
+  // set_switch_state just cleared.
+  if (!this->target_display_enabled_) {
+    return;
+  }
   if (len < 4)
     return;
 
@@ -335,10 +761,12 @@ void LD6002BComponent::handle_target_report_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len)
 
   this->target_presence_any_ = (reported > 0);
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
+  bool presence = this->target_presence_any_ || this->area_presence_any_;
   if (this->presence_binary_sensor_ != nullptr) {
-    this->presence_binary_sensor_->publish_state(this->target_presence_any_);
+    this->presence_binary_sensor_->publish_state(presence);
   }
 #endif
+  this->update_work_mode_fallback_();
 
   for (uint8_t i = 0; i < MAX_TARGETS; i++) {
     bool has_target = this->slot_occupied_[i];
@@ -373,26 +801,7 @@ void LD6002BComponent::handle_target_report_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len)
 #endif
     } else {
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
-      TargetSensors &target = this->targets_[i];
-      if (this->last_target_presence_[i]) {
-        if (target.x != nullptr) {
-          target.x->publish_state(NAN);
-        }
-        if (target.y != nullptr) {
-          target.y->publish_state(NAN);
-        }
-        if (target.z != nullptr) {
-          target.z->publish_state(NAN);
-        }
-        if (target.dop_idx != nullptr) {
-          target.dop_idx->publish_state(NAN);
-        }
-        if (target.cluster_id != nullptr) {
-          target.cluster_id->publish_state(NAN);
-        }
-        // The slot is free: the next person's id is new even when it repeats this one.
-        this->last_cluster_id_valid_[i] = false;
-      }
+      this->clear_target_slot_(i);
 #endif
     }
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
@@ -407,14 +816,297 @@ void LD6002BComponent::handle_target_report_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len)
   }
 }
 
-void LD6002BComponent::queue_command_(uint16_t type, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t len) {
+void LD6002BComponent::handle_point_cloud_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+  // Same window as the target stream: a frame already in flight must not put the
+  // count back after the switch cleared it.
+  if (!this->point_cloud_enabled_) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (len < 4)
+    return;
+
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+  uint32_t point_num = read_u32_le(data);
+  if (this->point_count_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+    if (point_num != this->last_point_count_) {
+      this->point_count_sensor_->publish_state(point_num);
+      this->last_point_count_ = point_num;
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+// 0x0A0A carries one uint32 per detection area -- the protocol names the four
+// fields detection_state_area0..3 -- so this covers area ids 4..7 only.  The
+// interference areas have no presence report: a target inside one is what they
+// exist to suppress.
+void LD6002BComponent::handle_area_presence_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+  const uint16_t needed = AREA_COUNT * AREA_PRESENCE_ENTRY_LEN;
+  if (len < needed)
+    return;
+
+  this->area_presence_any_ = false;
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < AREA_COUNT; i++) {
+    uint32_t state = read_u32_le(data + (i * AREA_PRESENCE_ENTRY_LEN));
+    bool present = state != 0;
+    this->area_presence_any_ = this->area_presence_any_ || present;
+#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
+    if (this->area_presence_[i] != nullptr) {
+      this->area_presence_[i]->publish_state(present);
+    }
+#endif
+  }
+
+#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
+  bool presence = this->target_presence_any_ || this->area_presence_any_;
+  if (this->presence_binary_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+    this->presence_binary_sensor_->publish_state(presence);
+  }
+#endif
+  this->update_work_mode_fallback_();
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::handle_area_report_(bool interference, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+  uint16_t needed = AREA_COUNT * AREA_DATA_LEN;
+  if (len < needed)
+    return;
+
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < AREA_COUNT; i++) {
+    uint16_t offset = i * AREA_DATA_LEN;
+    float x_min = read_f32_le(data + offset + 0);
+    float x_max = read_f32_le(data + offset + 4);
+    float y_min = read_f32_le(data + offset + 8);
+    float y_max = read_f32_le(data + offset + 12);
+    float z_min = read_f32_le(data + offset + 16);
+    float z_max = read_f32_le(data + offset + 20);
+
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+    AreaSensors &area = interference ? this->interference_areas_[i] : this->detection_areas_[i];
+    if (area.x_min != nullptr)
+      area.x_min->publish_state(x_min);
+    if (area.x_max != nullptr)
+      area.x_max->publish_state(x_max);
+    if (area.y_min != nullptr)
+      area.y_min->publish_state(y_min);
+    if (area.y_max != nullptr)
+      area.y_max->publish_state(y_max);
+    if (area.z_min != nullptr)
+      area.z_min->publish_state(z_min);
+    if (area.z_max != nullptr)
+      area.z_max->publish_state(z_max);
+#endif
+
+    AreaConfig &store = interference ? this->interference_area_values_[i] : this->detection_area_values_[i];
+    store.x_min = x_min;
+    store.x_max = x_max;
+    store.y_min = y_min;
+    store.y_max = y_max;
+    store.z_min = z_min;
+    store.z_max = z_max;
+
+    uint8_t selected_id = this->area_id_set_ ? this->area_id_ : AREA_ID_DEFAULT;
+    bool selected_interference = selected_id < AREA_COUNT;
+    uint8_t selected_index = selected_interference ? selected_id : static_cast<uint8_t>(selected_id - AREA_COUNT);
+    if (selected_interference == interference && selected_index == i) {
+      this->update_area_numbers_(store);
+    }
+  }
+  this->try_apply_pending_area_(interference);
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::handle_delay_report_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+  if (len < 4)
+    return;
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+  uint32_t delay = read_u32_le(data);
+  this->publish_number_clamped_(this->hold_delay_number_, delay);
+#endif
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::handle_sensitivity_report_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+  if (len < 1)
+    return;
+#ifdef USE_SELECT
+  if (this->sensitivity_select_ == nullptr)
+    return;
+  uint8_t value = data[0];
+  if (value <= 2) {
+    this->sensitivity_select_->publish_state(value);
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::handle_trigger_speed_report_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+  if (len < 1)
+    return;
+#ifdef USE_SELECT
+  if (this->trigger_speed_select_ == nullptr)
+    return;
+  uint8_t value = data[0];
+  if (value <= 2) {
+    this->trigger_speed_select_->publish_state(value);
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::handle_z_range_report_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+  if (len < 8)
+    return;
+  float z_min = read_f32_le(data);
+  float z_max = read_f32_le(data + 4);
+  this->z_min_ = z_min;
+  this->z_max_ = z_max;
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+  this->publish_number_clamped_(this->z_min_number_, z_min);
+  this->publish_number_clamped_(this->z_max_number_, z_max);
+#endif
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::handle_installation_report_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+  if (len < 1)
+    return;
+#ifdef USE_SELECT
+  if (this->installation_select_ == nullptr)
+    return;
+  uint8_t value = data[0];
+  if (value <= 1) {
+    this->installation_select_->publish_state(value);
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::handle_low_power_report_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+  if (len < 1)
+    return;
+  bool enabled = data[0] != 0;
+  this->low_power_enabled_ = enabled;
+  this->low_power_reported_ = true;
+#ifdef USE_SWITCH
+  if (this->low_power_switch_ != nullptr) {
+    this->low_power_switch_->publish_state(enabled);
+  }
+#endif
+  this->update_work_mode_fallback_();
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::handle_low_power_sleep_report_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+  if (len < 4)
+    return;
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+  uint32_t sleep_ms = read_u32_le(data);
+  this->publish_number_clamped_(this->low_power_sleep_number_, sleep_ms);
+#endif
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::handle_work_mode_report_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+  if (len < 1)
+    return;
+  // Zero is the unattended half of this transition.  Read outside the text sensor's
+  // ifdef because the area sensors do not need one configured to have gone stale.
+  const bool low_power = (data[0] == 0);
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+  if (this->work_mode_text_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+    this->work_mode_reported_ = true;
+    this->publish_work_mode_(low_power);
+  }
+#endif
+  // Protocol V1.2 section 2.1.17: this message is sent only on the transition
+  // between the unattended low-power mode and normal operation, so a zero is the
+  // module stating that nobody is in any area.  Not while a target is still being
+  // tracked, though: the reset_unattended command is undocumented on whether it
+  // forces this report, and where two statements from the module disagree the live
+  // one wins.
+  if (low_power && !this->target_presence_any_) {
+    this->clear_area_presence_();
+  }
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::update_work_mode_fallback_() {
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+  if (this->work_mode_text_sensor_ == nullptr || this->work_mode_reported_) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!this->low_power_reported_) {
+    return;
+  }
+  // Target presence is only meaningful while the stream that maintains it runs.
+  // Area presence keeps its own report, so it still counts with the target stream
+  // off and low power alone decides only when neither half has anything to say.
+  const bool presence = (this->target_display_enabled_ && this->target_presence_any_) || this->area_presence_any_;
+  this->publish_work_mode_(this->low_power_enabled_ && !presence);
+#endif
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::publish_work_mode_(bool low_power) {
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+  if (this->work_mode_text_sensor_ == nullptr) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (this->last_work_mode_valid_ && this->last_work_mode_low_power_ == low_power) {
+    return;
+  }
+  this->work_mode_text_sensor_->publish_state(low_power ? "low_power" : "normal");
+  this->last_work_mode_valid_ = true;
+  this->last_work_mode_low_power_ = low_power;
+#endif
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+void LD6002BComponent::publish_number_clamped_(number::Number *number, float value) {
+  if (number == nullptr)
+    return;
+  if (std::isnan(value)) {
+    // NAN is this component's "the module has not told us yet".  Publishing it on an
+    // entity that has never had a state would report a nan where unknown is the
+    // truth; on one that already shows a value it is the only way to say that value
+    // no longer describes the selected area.
+    if (number->has_state()) {
+      number->publish_state(value);
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+  const float min_value = number->traits.get_min_value();
+  const float max_value = number->traits.get_max_value();
+  // Outside the declared range the user cannot write the value back, so publish
+  // what they can reach and say what the module actually sent.
+  if (value < min_value || value > max_value) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s': module reported %.1f, clamped to %.1f..%.1f", number->get_name().c_str(), value, min_value,
+             max_value);
+    value = std::clamp(value, min_value, max_value);
+  }
+  number->publish_state(value);
+}
+#endif
+
+void LD6002BComponent::handle_version_report_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+  if (len < 4)
+    return;
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+  if (this->ota_version_text_sensor_ == nullptr)
+    return;
+  uint8_t project = data[0];
+  uint8_t major = data[1];
+  uint8_t minor = data[2];
+  uint8_t patch = data[3];
+  char buf[32];
+  if (project == 0) {
+    std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%u.%u.%u", major, minor, patch);
+  } else {
+    std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "p%u %u.%u.%u", project, major, minor, patch);
+  }
+  this->ota_version_text_sensor_->publish_state(buf);
+  this->save_version_pref_(buf);
+#endif
+}
+
+bool LD6002BComponent::queue_command_(uint16_t type, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t len) {
   if (len > CMD_MAX_DATA_LEN) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Command data too large: %u", len);
-    return;
+    return false;
   }
   if (this->cmd_count_ >= CMD_QUEUE_SIZE) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Command queue full, dropping command 0x%04X", type);
-    return;
+    return false;
   }
 
   PendingCommand &cmd = this->cmd_queue_[this->cmd_tail_];
@@ -427,6 +1119,7 @@ void LD6002BComponent::queue_command_(uint16_t type, const uint8_t *data, uint8_
   this->cmd_tail_ = (this->cmd_tail_ + 1) % CMD_QUEUE_SIZE;
   this->cmd_count_++;
   this->process_command_queue_();
+  return true;
 }
 
 void LD6002BComponent::process_command_queue_() {
@@ -461,6 +1154,18 @@ void LD6002BComponent::process_command_queue_() {
         } else {
           ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Command 0x%04X timed out", this->active_command_.type);
         }
+        if (this->active_command_.type == TYPE_SET_AREA) {
+          this->area_write_in_flight_ = false;
+        }
+        // The deferred apply is waiting on the report this command would have
+        // brought back, and nothing else re-arms it.  Dropping it here is the
+        // difference between one apply lost to a timeout and one that rides in on
+        // an unrelated area report later, writing bounds the user has moved on from.
+        if (active_control_command == CMD_GET_AREAS && this->deferred_apply_pending_) {
+          this->deferred_apply_pending_ = false;
+          this->restore_deferred_edits_();
+          ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Area read timed out, dropping deferred area apply");
+        }
         // A reply may still be in flight for the attempt we just gave up on, so carry one over as
         // debt rather than clearing the ledger, or that late ACK would retire the successor. Only
         // one: reaching this point means nothing was answered at all, so the older attempts are
@@ -521,6 +1226,8 @@ void LD6002BComponent::send_command_internal_(uint16_t type, const uint8_t *data
     if (len > 0 && data != nullptr) {
       std::memcpy(this->wake_scratch_.data(), data, len);
     }
+    // A button pulse must not raise the pin in the middle of this one.
+    this->cancel_timeout(WAKE_BUTTON_TIMEOUT);
     this->wake_pulse_pending_ = true;
     this->wakeup_pin_->digital_write(false);
     const uint8_t generation = this->send_generation_;
@@ -581,10 +1288,593 @@ void LD6002BComponent::write_frame_(uint16_t type, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t
   this->last_traffic_ms_ = now;
 }
 
-void LD6002BComponent::send_control_command_(uint32_t command) {
+bool LD6002BComponent::send_control_command_(uint32_t command) {
   uint8_t data[4];
   write_u32_le(data, command);
-  this->queue_command_(TYPE_CONTROL, data, sizeof(data));
+  return this->queue_command_(TYPE_CONTROL, data, sizeof(data));
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::send_z_range_() {
+  // One frame carries both bounds, so half a range cannot be written.
+  if (std::isnan(this->z_min_) || std::isnan(this->z_max_)) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Z range not written, other bound unknown");
+    return;
+  }
+  // Both bounds are known and crossed; the frame has no way to say that.
+  if (this->z_min_ > this->z_max_) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Z range not written, min above max");
+    return;
+  }
+  uint8_t data[8];
+  write_f32_le(data, this->z_min_);
+  write_f32_le(data + 4, this->z_max_);
+  this->queue_command_(TYPE_SET_Z_RANGE, data, sizeof(data));
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::apply_area_config_() {
+  if (!this->area_id_set_) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Area ID not selected; ignoring apply");
+    return;
+  }
+  if (this->area_id_ >= AREA_ID_COUNT) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid area id: %u", this->area_id_);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const bool interference = this->area_id_ < AREA_COUNT;
+  const uint8_t index = interference ? this->area_id_ : static_cast<uint8_t>(this->area_id_ - AREA_COUNT);
+  AreaConfig desired = interference ? this->interference_area_values_[index] : this->detection_area_values_[index];
+  if (!std::isnan(this->area_x_min_))
+    desired.x_min = this->area_x_min_;
+  if (!std::isnan(this->area_x_max_))
+    desired.x_max = this->area_x_max_;
+  if (!std::isnan(this->area_y_min_))
+    desired.y_min = this->area_y_min_;
+  if (!std::isnan(this->area_y_max_))
+    desired.y_max = this->area_y_max_;
+  if (!std::isnan(this->area_z_min_))
+    desired.z_min = this->area_z_min_;
+  if (!std::isnan(this->area_z_max_))
+    desired.z_max = this->area_z_max_;
+
+  if (std::isnan(desired.x_min) || std::isnan(desired.x_max) || std::isnan(desired.y_min) ||
+      std::isnan(desired.y_max) || std::isnan(desired.z_min) || std::isnan(desired.z_max)) {
+    // Ask first: a read that never reached the queue would leave a deferral waiting
+    // on a report nobody requested, with the user's values already retired for it.
+    if (!this->send_control_command_(CMD_GET_AREAS)) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Area read not queued; area config left unapplied");
+      return;
+    }
+    this->deferred_apply_pending_ = true;
+    this->pending_area_id_ = this->area_id_;
+    // The ledger, not the mirror: the mirror also carries whatever the module last
+    // reported for the axes the user never touched, and staging those would hand them
+    // back later wearing the user's badge -- a module value the next report is then
+    // kept away from.  Staging only what was actually typed is also what makes the
+    // replay's overlay right: the untouched axes come from the fresh report.  An
+    // empty ledger is a meaning rather than a gap, then: an apply with nothing
+    // staged rewrites the area exactly as the report just described it, which is
+    // what a direct apply with nothing staged already does.
+    this->pending_area_updates_ = this->area_edits_;
+    // Staged above, so they are the deferred apply's values now rather than an
+    // unsent edit.  Anything typed from here belongs to whatever the user does
+    // next, which may well be a different area.
+    this->area_edits_ = AreaConfig{};
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Area config incomplete; requesting current areas before applying");
+    return;
+  }
+  // Only a write the module will actually see retires them.
+  if (this->queue_area_config_(this->area_id_, desired)) {
+    this->area_edits_ = AreaConfig{};
+  }
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::wake_() {
+  // A command's own pulse raises the pin and writes after it, so ride along instead of
+  // claiming the flag: claiming it would send that command down the immediate-write path
+  // with the pin still low.
+  if (this->wakeup_pin_ == nullptr || this->wake_pulse_pending_)
+    return;
+  this->wakeup_pin_->digital_write(false);
+  this->set_timeout(WAKE_BUTTON_TIMEOUT, this->wakeup_pulse_ms_, [this]() { this->wakeup_pin_->digital_write(true); });
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::set_number_value(NumberType type, float value) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case NumberType::HOLD_DELAY: {
+      uint32_t delay = static_cast<uint32_t>(value);
+      uint8_t data[4];
+      write_u32_le(data, delay);
+      this->queue_command_(TYPE_SET_HOLD_DELAY, data, sizeof(data));
+      break;
+    }
+    case NumberType::Z_MIN:
+      this->z_min_ = value;
+      this->send_z_range_();
+      break;
+    case NumberType::Z_MAX:
+      this->z_max_ = value;
+      this->send_z_range_();
+      break;
+    case NumberType::LOW_POWER_SLEEP: {
+      uint32_t sleep_ms = static_cast<uint32_t>(value);
+      uint8_t data[4];
+      write_u32_le(data, sleep_ms);
+      this->queue_command_(TYPE_SET_LOW_POWER_SLEEP, data, sizeof(data));
+      break;
+    }
+    case NumberType::AREA_X_MIN:
+      this->area_x_min_ = value;
+      this->area_edits_.x_min = value;
+      break;
+    case NumberType::AREA_X_MAX:
+      this->area_x_max_ = value;
+      this->area_edits_.x_max = value;
+      break;
+    case NumberType::AREA_Y_MIN:
+      this->area_y_min_ = value;
+      this->area_edits_.y_min = value;
+      break;
+    case NumberType::AREA_Y_MAX:
+      this->area_y_max_ = value;
+      this->area_edits_.y_max = value;
+      break;
+    case NumberType::AREA_Z_MIN:
+      this->area_z_min_ = value;
+      this->area_edits_.z_min = value;
+      break;
+    case NumberType::AREA_Z_MAX:
+      this->area_z_max_ = value;
+      this->area_edits_.z_max = value;
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::set_select_value(SelectType type, size_t index) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case SelectType::SENSITIVITY:
+      if (index == 0) {
+        this->send_control_command_(CMD_SENSITIVITY_LOW);
+      } else if (index == 1) {
+        this->send_control_command_(CMD_SENSITIVITY_MEDIUM);
+      } else if (index == 2) {
+        this->send_control_command_(CMD_SENSITIVITY_HIGH);
+      }
+      break;
+    case SelectType::TRIGGER_SPEED:
+      if (index == 0) {
+        this->send_control_command_(CMD_TRIGGER_SLOW);
+      } else if (index == 1) {
+        this->send_control_command_(CMD_TRIGGER_MEDIUM);
+      } else if (index == 2) {
+        this->send_control_command_(CMD_TRIGGER_FAST);
+      }
+      break;
+    case SelectType::INSTALLATION_MODE:
+      if (index == 0) {
+        this->send_control_command_(CMD_INSTALL_TOP);
+      } else if (index == 1) {
+        this->send_control_command_(CMD_INSTALL_SIDE);
+      }
+      break;
+    case SelectType::AREA_ID:
+      this->area_id_ = static_cast<uint8_t>(index);
+      this->area_id_set_ = true;
+      this->update_area_numbers_for_id_(this->area_id_);
+      this->save_area_id_pref_(this->area_id_);
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::update_area_numbers_(const AreaConfig &area) {
+  // A report refreshes every axis the user is not in the middle of changing.  An
+  // unapplied edit is the one value here the module cannot know about, so taking
+  // the report over it would discard what the user typed with nothing to show for it.
+  const AreaConfig &edits = this->area_edits_;
+  if (std::isnan(edits.x_min))
+    this->area_x_min_ = area.x_min;
+  if (std::isnan(edits.x_max))
+    this->area_x_max_ = area.x_max;
+  if (std::isnan(edits.y_min))
+    this->area_y_min_ = area.y_min;
+  if (std::isnan(edits.y_max))
+    this->area_y_max_ = area.y_max;
+  if (std::isnan(edits.z_min))
+    this->area_z_min_ = area.z_min;
+  if (std::isnan(edits.z_max))
+    this->area_z_max_ = area.z_max;
+  this->publish_area_numbers_();
+}
+
+// The mirror, not the report: an axis a report was kept away from has to keep its
+// displayed value too, or the entity and the value the next apply sends disagree.
+void LD6002BComponent::publish_area_numbers_() {
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+  this->publish_number_clamped_(this->area_x_min_number_, this->area_x_min_);
+  this->publish_number_clamped_(this->area_x_max_number_, this->area_x_max_);
+  this->publish_number_clamped_(this->area_y_min_number_, this->area_y_min_);
+  this->publish_number_clamped_(this->area_y_max_number_, this->area_y_max_);
+  this->publish_number_clamped_(this->area_z_min_number_, this->area_z_min_);
+  this->publish_number_clamped_(this->area_z_max_number_, this->area_z_max_);
+#endif
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::update_area_numbers_for_id_(uint8_t area_id) {
+  if (area_id >= AREA_ID_COUNT)
+    return;
+  const bool interference = area_id < AREA_COUNT;
+  const uint8_t index = interference ? area_id : static_cast<uint8_t>(area_id - AREA_COUNT);
+  const AreaConfig &area = interference ? this->interference_area_values_[index] : this->detection_area_values_[index];
+  // The edits belonged to the area being navigated away from.
+  this->area_edits_ = AreaConfig{};
+  this->update_area_numbers_(area);
+}
+
+bool LD6002BComponent::queue_area_config_(uint8_t area_id, const AreaConfig &desired) {
+  // One frame carries all three pairs and cannot express a crossed one; the module
+  // would keep a box nothing can ever be inside.  Both callers arrive with the six
+  // bounds resolved, so this is the last place that can say no -- and the return
+  // value is how saying no reaches the caller, which must not then retire the edits
+  // the user still has to fix.
+  if (desired.x_min > desired.x_max || desired.y_min > desired.y_max || desired.z_min > desired.z_max) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Area %u not written, min above max", area_id);
+    return false;
+  }
+  uint8_t data[AREA_CONFIG_LEN];
+  write_int32_le(data, static_cast<int32_t>(area_id));
+  write_f32_le(data + 4, desired.x_min);
+  write_f32_le(data + 8, desired.x_max);
+  write_f32_le(data + 12, desired.y_min);
+  write_f32_le(data + 16, desired.y_max);
+  write_f32_le(data + 20, desired.z_min);
+  write_f32_le(data + 24, desired.z_max);
+
+  if (!this->queue_command_(TYPE_SET_AREA, data, sizeof(data))) {
+    // Nothing is on its way, so the cache must not claim these bounds, the ack
+    // refresh must not be armed for an ack that cannot come, and the values stay
+    // the user's unsent edit.
+    return false;
+  }
+  this->area_write_in_flight_ = true;
+
+  const bool interference = area_id < AREA_COUNT;
+  const uint8_t index = interference ? area_id : static_cast<uint8_t>(area_id - AREA_COUNT);
+  AreaConfig &store = interference ? this->interference_area_values_[index] : this->detection_area_values_[index];
+  store = desired;
+  // The six numbers show one area at a time, and a deferred apply can land here for
+  // an area the user has navigated away from.  Same question handle_area_report_
+  // asks before it touches them.
+  const uint8_t selected_id = this->area_id_set_ ? this->area_id_ : AREA_ID_DEFAULT;
+  if (area_id == selected_id) {
+    this->update_area_numbers_(store);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::try_apply_pending_area_(bool reported_interference) {
+  if (!this->deferred_apply_pending_) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (this->pending_area_id_ >= AREA_ID_COUNT) {
+    this->deferred_apply_pending_ = false;
+    return;
+  }
+  const bool interference = this->pending_area_id_ < AREA_COUNT;
+  const uint8_t index =
+      interference ? this->pending_area_id_ : static_cast<uint8_t>(this->pending_area_id_ - AREA_COUNT);
+  AreaConfig desired = interference ? this->interference_area_values_[index] : this->detection_area_values_[index];
+
+  if (!std::isnan(this->pending_area_updates_.x_min))
+    desired.x_min = this->pending_area_updates_.x_min;
+  if (!std::isnan(this->pending_area_updates_.x_max))
+    desired.x_max = this->pending_area_updates_.x_max;
+  if (!std::isnan(this->pending_area_updates_.y_min))
+    desired.y_min = this->pending_area_updates_.y_min;
+  if (!std::isnan(this->pending_area_updates_.y_max))
+    desired.y_max = this->pending_area_updates_.y_max;
+  if (!std::isnan(this->pending_area_updates_.z_min))
+    desired.z_min = this->pending_area_updates_.z_min;
+  if (!std::isnan(this->pending_area_updates_.z_max))
+    desired.z_max = this->pending_area_updates_.z_max;
+
+  if (std::isnan(desired.x_min) || std::isnan(desired.x_max) || std::isnan(desired.y_min) ||
+      std::isnan(desired.y_max) || std::isnan(desired.z_min) || std::isnan(desired.z_max)) {
+    // Only the report covering this area's half can still fill it in, and there is
+    // exactly one of those per read.  Once it has landed with a bound still unknown,
+    // nothing further is coming and waiting means waiting forever.
+    if (reported_interference == interference) {
+      this->deferred_apply_pending_ = false;
+      this->restore_deferred_edits_();
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Dropping deferred area apply, area report incomplete");
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const uint8_t area_id = this->pending_area_id_;
+  this->deferred_apply_pending_ = false;
+  if (!this->queue_area_config_(area_id, desired)) {
+    // Nothing was queued, so this is a drop like the other two: hand the staged
+    // values back rather than leaving them with no ledger to protect them.
+    this->restore_deferred_edits_();
+  }
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::init_area_id_pref_() {
+#ifdef USE_SELECT
+  if (this->area_id_select_ == nullptr) {
+    return;
+  }
+  this->area_id_pref_ = this->area_id_select_->make_entity_preference<uint8_t>();
+  this->area_id_pref_initialized_ = true;
+
+  uint8_t value = 0;
+  if (!this->area_id_pref_.load(&value) || value >= AREA_ID_COUNT) {
+    // No stored selection.  The numbers are about to display this area either way,
+    // so select it for real: a displayed area that apply_area then refuses to write
+    // is the one combination the user cannot make sense of.
+    value = AREA_ID_DEFAULT;
+  }
+  this->area_id_select_->publish_state(value);
+  this->area_id_ = value;
+  this->area_id_set_ = true;
+  this->update_area_numbers_for_id_(value);
+#endif
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::save_area_id_pref_(uint8_t value) {
+#ifdef USE_SELECT
+  if (!this->area_id_pref_initialized_) {
+    return;
+  }
+  this->area_id_pref_.save(&value);
+#endif
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::init_version_pref_() {
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+  if (this->ota_version_text_sensor_ == nullptr) {
+    return;
+  }
+  this->version_pref_ = this->ota_version_text_sensor_->make_entity_preference<VersionPref>();
+  this->version_pref_initialized_ = true;
+
+  VersionPref pref{};
+  if (this->version_pref_.load(&pref) && pref.value[0] != '\0') {
+    pref.value[sizeof(pref.value) - 1] = '\0';
+    this->ota_version_text_sensor_->publish_state(pref.value);
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::save_version_pref_(const char *value) {
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+  if (!this->version_pref_initialized_) {
+    return;
+  }
+  VersionPref pref{};
+  std::strncpy(pref.value, value, sizeof(pref.value) - 1);
+  pref.value[sizeof(pref.value) - 1] = '\0';
+  this->version_pref_.save(&pref);
+#endif
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+void LD6002BComponent::clear_target_slot_(uint8_t index) {
+  if (!this->last_target_presence_[index]) {
+    return;
+  }
+  TargetSensors &target = this->targets_[index];
+  if (target.x != nullptr) {
+    target.x->publish_state(NAN);
+  }
+  if (target.y != nullptr) {
+    target.y->publish_state(NAN);
+  }
+  if (target.z != nullptr) {
+    target.z->publish_state(NAN);
+  }
+  if (target.dop_idx != nullptr) {
+    target.dop_idx->publish_state(NAN);
+  }
+  if (target.cluster_id != nullptr) {
+    target.cluster_id->publish_state(NAN);
+  }
+  // The slot is free: the next person's id is new even when it repeats this one.
+  this->last_cluster_id_valid_[index] = false;
+}
+#endif
+
+void LD6002BComponent::restore_deferred_edits_() {
+  // The staged values become an unsent edit again, but only for the user who is
+  // still looking at the area they were staged for; anyone else's ledger belongs to
+  // the area they are on now.
+  const uint8_t selected_id = this->area_id_set_ ? this->area_id_ : AREA_ID_DEFAULT;
+  if (this->pending_area_id_ != selected_id) {
+    return;
+  }
+  // Axis by axis rather than a whole-struct assignment: the user can have edited
+  // another bound while the deferral was in flight, and that edit is newer than
+  // anything the deferral staged.  Assigning over the ledger would drop it back to
+  // NaN and let the next report take the value away.  A live edit wins; only an axis
+  // with nothing in the ledger takes its staged value back.
+  //
+  // The mirror moves with the ledger, because on the report path handle_area_report_
+  // ran update_area_numbers_ before the replay, with the ledger still empty -- so the
+  // mirror already holds the module's bounds and both the entities and the next apply
+  // would build on them.  On the timeout path no report arrived, the mirror still
+  // holds the staged values, and this is an identity.
+  const AreaConfig &staged = this->pending_area_updates_;
+  if (std::isnan(this->area_edits_.x_min) && !std::isnan(staged.x_min)) {
+    this->area_edits_.x_min = staged.x_min;
+    this->area_x_min_ = staged.x_min;
+  }
+  if (std::isnan(this->area_edits_.x_max) && !std::isnan(staged.x_max)) {
+    this->area_edits_.x_max = staged.x_max;
+    this->area_x_max_ = staged.x_max;
+  }
+  if (std::isnan(this->area_edits_.y_min) && !std::isnan(staged.y_min)) {
+    this->area_edits_.y_min = staged.y_min;
+    this->area_y_min_ = staged.y_min;
+  }
+  if (std::isnan(this->area_edits_.y_max) && !std::isnan(staged.y_max)) {
+    this->area_edits_.y_max = staged.y_max;
+    this->area_y_max_ = staged.y_max;
+  }
+  if (std::isnan(this->area_edits_.z_min) && !std::isnan(staged.z_min)) {
+    this->area_edits_.z_min = staged.z_min;
+    this->area_z_min_ = staged.z_min;
+  }
+  if (std::isnan(this->area_edits_.z_max) && !std::isnan(staged.z_max)) {
+    this->area_edits_.z_max = staged.z_max;
+    this->area_z_max_ = staged.z_max;
+  }
+  this->publish_area_numbers_();
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::clear_area_presence_() {
+  if (!this->area_presence_any_) {
+    return;
+  }
+  // Nothing else corrects this: 0x0A0A carries no period the protocol states and no
+  // command stops it, so the module going unattended is the only moment the
+  // component can know a stored "occupied" has stopped being true.
+  this->area_presence_any_ = false;
+#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < AREA_COUNT; i++) {
+    if (this->area_presence_[i] != nullptr) {
+      this->area_presence_[i]->publish_state(false);
+    }
+  }
+  const bool presence = this->target_presence_any_ || this->area_presence_any_;
+  if (this->presence_binary_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+    this->presence_binary_sensor_->publish_state(presence);
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::clear_target_state_() {
+  // Nothing corrects any of this until the stream comes back.  The slot table goes
+  // with it: slots key on cluster ids, which only track a person while reports are
+  // arriving, and the room can empty and refill across the gap -- so the next
+  // report starts from an empty table and fills slots in wire order, rather than
+  // handing one back to whoever last held that id.
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < MAX_TARGETS; i++) {
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+    this->clear_target_slot_(i);
+    this->last_target_presence_[i] = false;
+#endif
+    if (this->slot_occupied_[i]) {
+      this->slot_occupied_[i] = false;
+#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
+      if (this->target_presence_[i] != nullptr) {
+        this->target_presence_[i]->publish_state(false);
+      }
+#endif
+    }
+  }
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+  if (this->last_target_count_ != 0xFFFFFFFF) {
+    if (this->target_count_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+      this->target_count_sensor_->publish_state(NAN);
+    }
+    this->last_target_count_ = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+  }
+#endif
+  if (this->target_presence_any_) {
+    this->target_presence_any_ = false;
+#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
+    bool presence = this->target_presence_any_ || this->area_presence_any_;
+    if (this->presence_binary_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+      this->presence_binary_sensor_->publish_state(presence);
+    }
+#endif
+    this->update_work_mode_fallback_();
+  }
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::set_switch_state(SwitchType type, bool state) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case SwitchType::LOW_POWER:
+      this->low_power_enabled_ = state;
+      this->low_power_reported_ = true;
+      this->send_control_command_(state ? CMD_LOW_POWER_ON : CMD_LOW_POWER_OFF);
+      this->update_work_mode_fallback_();
+      break;
+    case SwitchType::POINT_CLOUD:
+      this->point_cloud_enabled_ = state;
+      this->send_control_command_(state ? CMD_POINT_CLOUD_ON : CMD_POINT_CLOUD_OFF);
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+      // The count only moves while the stream runs, so the last one would stand as
+      // a live reading.  The dedup sentinel is cleared with it: the same count is
+      // new again when the stream comes back.
+      if (!state && this->point_count_sensor_ != nullptr && this->last_point_count_ != 0xFFFFFFFF) {
+        this->point_count_sensor_->publish_state(NAN);
+        this->last_point_count_ = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+      }
+#endif
+      break;
+    case SwitchType::TARGET_DISPLAY:
+      this->target_display_enabled_ = state;
+      this->send_control_command_(state ? CMD_TARGET_DISPLAY_ON : CMD_TARGET_DISPLAY_OFF);
+      if (!state) {
+        // Every target entity is fed by the reports this just stopped.
+        this->clear_target_state_();
+      }
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::press_button(ButtonType type) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case ButtonType::APPLY_AREA:
+      this->apply_area_config_();
+      break;
+    case ButtonType::AUTO_INTERFERENCE:
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_AUTO_INTERFERENCE);
+      // The module recomputes the interference areas without reporting them.
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_GET_AREAS);
+      break;
+    case ButtonType::GET_AREAS:
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_GET_AREAS);
+      break;
+    case ButtonType::CLEAR_INTERFERENCE:
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_CLEAR_INTERFERENCE);
+      // The module rewrites the areas but does not report them, so ask for the new geometry the
+      // way the apply_area ack path does; the queue keeps it behind the command above.
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_GET_AREAS);
+      break;
+    case ButtonType::RESET_DETECTION_AREA:
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_RESET_DETECTION_AREA);
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_GET_AREAS);
+      break;
+    case ButtonType::GET_DELAY:
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_GET_DELAY);
+      break;
+    case ButtonType::GET_SENSITIVITY:
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_GET_SENSITIVITY);
+      break;
+    case ButtonType::GET_TRIGGER_SPEED:
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_GET_TRIGGER);
+      break;
+    case ButtonType::GET_Z_RANGE:
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_GET_Z_RANGE);
+      break;
+    case ButtonType::GET_INSTALLATION:
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_GET_INSTALLATION);
+      break;
+    case ButtonType::GET_LOW_POWER_MODE:
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_GET_LOW_POWER);
+      break;
+    case ButtonType::GET_LOW_POWER_SLEEP_TIME:
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_GET_LOW_POWER_SLEEP);
+      break;
+    case ButtonType::RESET_UNATTENDED:
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_RESET_UNATTENDED);
+      break;
+    case ButtonType::WAKE:
+      this->wake_();
+      break;
+  }
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::ld6002b
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld6002b/ld6002b.h b/esphome/components/ld6002b/ld6002b.h
index 8bbfb9f6e4..bea3804312 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld6002b/ld6002b.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ld6002b/ld6002b.h
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/preferences.h"
 #include "esphome/core/gpio.h"
 #include "esphome/components/uart/uart.h"
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
@@ -11,16 +12,77 @@
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
 #include "esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h"
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+#include "esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+#include "esphome/components/number/number.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SELECT
+#include "esphome/components/select/select.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SWITCH
+#include "esphome/components/switch/switch.h"
+#endif
 
 #include <array>
+#include <cmath>
 
 namespace esphome::ld6002b {
 
 static constexpr uint8_t MAX_TARGETS = 3;
+static constexpr uint8_t AREA_COUNT = 4;
+// Interference areas own ids 0..AREA_COUNT-1 and detection areas the next four, so
+// this is the whole id space TYPE_SET_AREA accepts.
+static constexpr uint8_t AREA_ID_COUNT = AREA_COUNT * 2;
 static constexpr size_t DEFAULT_MAX_DATA_LEN = 1024;
+static constexpr size_t DEFAULT_MAX_DATA_LEN_POINT_CLOUD = 4096;
 // Largest protocol payload is TYPE_SET_AREA: int32 area id + 6 floats = 28 bytes.
 static constexpr size_t CMD_MAX_DATA_LEN = 28;
 
+enum class NumberType : uint8_t {
+  HOLD_DELAY,
+  Z_MIN,
+  Z_MAX,
+  LOW_POWER_SLEEP,
+  AREA_X_MIN,
+  AREA_X_MAX,
+  AREA_Y_MIN,
+  AREA_Y_MAX,
+  AREA_Z_MIN,
+  AREA_Z_MAX,
+};
+
+enum class SelectType : uint8_t {
+  SENSITIVITY,
+  TRIGGER_SPEED,
+  INSTALLATION_MODE,
+  AREA_ID,
+};
+
+enum class SwitchType : uint8_t {
+  LOW_POWER,
+  POINT_CLOUD,
+  TARGET_DISPLAY,
+};
+
+enum class ButtonType : uint8_t {
+  APPLY_AREA,
+  AUTO_INTERFERENCE,
+  GET_AREAS,
+  CLEAR_INTERFERENCE,
+  RESET_DETECTION_AREA,
+  GET_DELAY,
+  GET_SENSITIVITY,
+  GET_TRIGGER_SPEED,
+  GET_Z_RANGE,
+  GET_INSTALLATION,
+  GET_LOW_POWER_MODE,
+  GET_LOW_POWER_SLEEP_TIME,
+  RESET_UNATTENDED,
+  WAKE,
+};
+
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
 struct TargetSensors {
   sensor::Sensor *x{nullptr};
@@ -30,8 +92,29 @@ struct TargetSensors {
   sensor::Sensor *cluster_id{nullptr};
 };
 
+struct AreaSensors {
+  sensor::Sensor *x_min{nullptr};
+  sensor::Sensor *x_max{nullptr};
+  sensor::Sensor *y_min{nullptr};
+  sensor::Sensor *y_max{nullptr};
+  sensor::Sensor *z_min{nullptr};
+  sensor::Sensor *z_max{nullptr};
+};
 #endif
 
+struct AreaConfig {
+  float x_min{NAN};
+  float x_max{NAN};
+  float y_min{NAN};
+  float y_max{NAN};
+  float z_min{NAN};
+  float z_max{NAN};
+};
+
+struct VersionPref {
+  char value[20];
+};
+
 class LD6002BComponent : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
  public:
   void setup() override;
@@ -45,6 +128,7 @@ class LD6002BComponent : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
 
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
   void set_target_count_sensor(sensor::Sensor *sensor) { this->target_count_sensor_ = sensor; }
+  void set_point_count_sensor(sensor::Sensor *sensor) { this->point_count_sensor_ = sensor; }
 
   void set_target_x_sensor(uint8_t target, sensor::Sensor *sensor) {
     if (target >= MAX_TARGETS)
@@ -71,6 +155,67 @@ class LD6002BComponent : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
       return;
     this->targets_[target].cluster_id = sensor;
   }
+  void set_interference_area_x_min_sensor(uint8_t area, sensor::Sensor *sensor) {
+    if (area >= AREA_COUNT)
+      return;
+    this->interference_areas_[area].x_min = sensor;
+  }
+  void set_interference_area_x_max_sensor(uint8_t area, sensor::Sensor *sensor) {
+    if (area >= AREA_COUNT)
+      return;
+    this->interference_areas_[area].x_max = sensor;
+  }
+  void set_interference_area_y_min_sensor(uint8_t area, sensor::Sensor *sensor) {
+    if (area >= AREA_COUNT)
+      return;
+    this->interference_areas_[area].y_min = sensor;
+  }
+  void set_interference_area_y_max_sensor(uint8_t area, sensor::Sensor *sensor) {
+    if (area >= AREA_COUNT)
+      return;
+    this->interference_areas_[area].y_max = sensor;
+  }
+  void set_interference_area_z_min_sensor(uint8_t area, sensor::Sensor *sensor) {
+    if (area >= AREA_COUNT)
+      return;
+    this->interference_areas_[area].z_min = sensor;
+  }
+  void set_interference_area_z_max_sensor(uint8_t area, sensor::Sensor *sensor) {
+    if (area >= AREA_COUNT)
+      return;
+    this->interference_areas_[area].z_max = sensor;
+  }
+
+  void set_detection_area_x_min_sensor(uint8_t area, sensor::Sensor *sensor) {
+    if (area >= AREA_COUNT)
+      return;
+    this->detection_areas_[area].x_min = sensor;
+  }
+  void set_detection_area_x_max_sensor(uint8_t area, sensor::Sensor *sensor) {
+    if (area >= AREA_COUNT)
+      return;
+    this->detection_areas_[area].x_max = sensor;
+  }
+  void set_detection_area_y_min_sensor(uint8_t area, sensor::Sensor *sensor) {
+    if (area >= AREA_COUNT)
+      return;
+    this->detection_areas_[area].y_min = sensor;
+  }
+  void set_detection_area_y_max_sensor(uint8_t area, sensor::Sensor *sensor) {
+    if (area >= AREA_COUNT)
+      return;
+    this->detection_areas_[area].y_max = sensor;
+  }
+  void set_detection_area_z_min_sensor(uint8_t area, sensor::Sensor *sensor) {
+    if (area >= AREA_COUNT)
+      return;
+    this->detection_areas_[area].z_min = sensor;
+  }
+  void set_detection_area_z_max_sensor(uint8_t area, sensor::Sensor *sensor) {
+    if (area >= AREA_COUNT)
+      return;
+    this->detection_areas_[area].z_max = sensor;
+  }
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
@@ -80,8 +225,50 @@ class LD6002BComponent : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
       return;
     this->target_presence_[target] = sensor;
   }
+  void set_area_presence_binary_sensor(uint8_t area, binary_sensor::BinarySensor *sensor) {
+    if (area >= AREA_COUNT)
+      return;
+    this->area_presence_[area] = sensor;
+  }
 #endif
 
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+  void set_work_mode_text_sensor(text_sensor::TextSensor *sensor) { this->work_mode_text_sensor_ = sensor; }
+  void set_ota_version_text_sensor(text_sensor::TextSensor *sensor) { this->ota_version_text_sensor_ = sensor; }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+  void set_hold_delay_number(number::Number *number) { this->hold_delay_number_ = number; }
+  void set_z_min_number(number::Number *number) { this->z_min_number_ = number; }
+  void set_z_max_number(number::Number *number) { this->z_max_number_ = number; }
+  void set_low_power_sleep_number(number::Number *number) { this->low_power_sleep_number_ = number; }
+
+  void set_area_x_min_number(number::Number *number) { this->area_x_min_number_ = number; }
+  void set_area_x_max_number(number::Number *number) { this->area_x_max_number_ = number; }
+  void set_area_y_min_number(number::Number *number) { this->area_y_min_number_ = number; }
+  void set_area_y_max_number(number::Number *number) { this->area_y_max_number_ = number; }
+  void set_area_z_min_number(number::Number *number) { this->area_z_min_number_ = number; }
+  void set_area_z_max_number(number::Number *number) { this->area_z_max_number_ = number; }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_SELECT
+  void set_sensitivity_select(select::Select *select) { this->sensitivity_select_ = select; }
+  void set_trigger_speed_select(select::Select *select) { this->trigger_speed_select_ = select; }
+  void set_installation_select(select::Select *select) { this->installation_select_ = select; }
+  void set_area_id_select(select::Select *select) { this->area_id_select_ = select; }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_SWITCH
+  void set_low_power_switch(switch_::Switch *sw) { this->low_power_switch_ = sw; }
+  void set_point_cloud_switch(switch_::Switch *sw) { this->point_cloud_switch_ = sw; }
+  void set_target_display_switch(switch_::Switch *sw) { this->target_display_switch_ = sw; }
+#endif
+
+  void set_number_value(NumberType type, float value);
+  void set_select_value(SelectType type, size_t index);
+  void set_switch_state(SwitchType type, bool state);
+  void press_button(ButtonType type);
+
  protected:
   enum class ParseState : uint8_t { SOF, HEADER, HCK, DATA, DCK, DISCARD };
 
@@ -95,27 +282,104 @@ class LD6002BComponent : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
   void reset_parser_();
   void handle_frame_(uint16_t type, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
   void handle_target_report_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
+  void handle_point_cloud_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
+  void handle_area_presence_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
+  void handle_area_report_(bool interference, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
+  void handle_delay_report_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
+  void handle_sensitivity_report_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
+  void handle_trigger_speed_report_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
+  void handle_z_range_report_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
+  void handle_installation_report_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
+  void handle_low_power_report_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
+  void handle_low_power_sleep_report_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
+  void handle_work_mode_report_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
+  void handle_version_report_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
+  void update_work_mode_fallback_();
+  void publish_work_mode_(bool low_power);
+  // Drops every target-derived reading and the slot table they are indexed by.
+  void clear_target_state_();
+  void clear_area_presence_();
+  void restore_deferred_edits_();
+  void publish_area_numbers_();
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+  void clear_target_slot_(uint8_t index);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+  void publish_number_clamped_(number::Number *number, float value);
+#endif
+  void update_area_numbers_(const AreaConfig &area);
+  void update_area_numbers_for_id_(uint8_t area_id);
+  bool queue_area_config_(uint8_t area_id, const AreaConfig &desired);
+  void try_apply_pending_area_(bool reported_interference);
+  void init_area_id_pref_();
+  void save_area_id_pref_(uint8_t value);
+  void init_version_pref_();
+  void save_version_pref_(const char *value);
 
-  void queue_command_(uint16_t type, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t len);
+  // Returns whether the command was queued: it is dropped, with a log line, when
+  // the payload is too long or the ring is full.
+  bool queue_command_(uint16_t type, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t len);
   void process_command_queue_();
   void send_command_(uint16_t type, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t len);
   void send_command_internal_(uint16_t type, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t len, bool track);
   void write_frame_(uint16_t type, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t len, bool track);
-  void send_control_command_(uint32_t command);
+  // Returns whether the command reached the queue; see queue_command_.
+  bool send_control_command_(uint32_t command);
+  void send_z_range_();
+  void apply_area_config_();
+  void wake_();
 
   static uint16_t read_u16_be(const uint8_t *data);
   static uint32_t read_u32_le(const uint8_t *data);
   static int32_t read_int32_le(const uint8_t *data);
   static float read_f32_le(const uint8_t *data);
   static void write_u32_le(uint8_t *data, uint32_t value);
+  static void write_int32_le(uint8_t *data, int32_t value);
+  static void write_f32_le(uint8_t *data, float value);
 
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
   std::array<TargetSensors, MAX_TARGETS> targets_{};
   sensor::Sensor *target_count_sensor_{nullptr};
+  sensor::Sensor *point_count_sensor_{nullptr};
+  std::array<AreaSensors, AREA_COUNT> interference_areas_{};
+  std::array<AreaSensors, AREA_COUNT> detection_areas_{};
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
   binary_sensor::BinarySensor *presence_binary_sensor_{nullptr};
   std::array<binary_sensor::BinarySensor *, MAX_TARGETS> target_presence_{};
+  std::array<binary_sensor::BinarySensor *, AREA_COUNT> area_presence_{};
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+  text_sensor::TextSensor *work_mode_text_sensor_{nullptr};
+  text_sensor::TextSensor *ota_version_text_sensor_{nullptr};
+  ESPPreferenceObject version_pref_{};
+  bool version_pref_initialized_{false};
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+  number::Number *hold_delay_number_{nullptr};
+  number::Number *z_min_number_{nullptr};
+  number::Number *z_max_number_{nullptr};
+  number::Number *low_power_sleep_number_{nullptr};
+
+  number::Number *area_x_min_number_{nullptr};
+  number::Number *area_x_max_number_{nullptr};
+  number::Number *area_y_min_number_{nullptr};
+  number::Number *area_y_max_number_{nullptr};
+  number::Number *area_z_min_number_{nullptr};
+  number::Number *area_z_max_number_{nullptr};
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SELECT
+  select::Select *sensitivity_select_{nullptr};
+  select::Select *trigger_speed_select_{nullptr};
+  select::Select *installation_select_{nullptr};
+  select::Select *area_id_select_{nullptr};
+  ESPPreferenceObject area_id_pref_{};
+  bool area_id_pref_initialized_{false};
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SWITCH
+  switch_::Switch *low_power_switch_{nullptr};
+  switch_::Switch *point_cloud_switch_{nullptr};
+  switch_::Switch *target_display_switch_{nullptr};
 #endif
 
   GPIOPin *wakeup_pin_{nullptr};
@@ -132,18 +396,29 @@ class LD6002BComponent : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
   uint8_t data_xor_{0};
   uint32_t discard_remaining_{0};
   bool frame_oversize_{false};
+  size_t max_data_len_{0};
   uint8_t *data_buf_{nullptr};
   uint16_t next_frame_id_{0};
 
-  // Sized for the boot burst: with every platform configured, setup() enqueues
-  // roughly ten GET/config commands back to back before the first ack lands.
-  static constexpr uint8_t CMD_QUEUE_SIZE = 16;
+  // Sized for the two bursts that reach it, both counted as what is still queued
+  // once the first command is dequeued: boot leaves 11 with every platform
+  // configured, and pressing all fourteen buttons before an ack lands leaves 15.
+  // Neither overflowed 16, but one free slot is not headroom, and overflowing is a
+  // dropped command with only a log line to show for it.  Costs 256 bytes more per
+  // configured instance, and this component is MULTI_CONF.
+  static constexpr uint8_t CMD_QUEUE_SIZE = 24;
   static constexpr uint32_t CMD_ACK_TIMEOUT_MS = 300;
   // A sleeping module consumes the first frame to wake and answers only the one after it.
   static constexpr uint32_t CMD_FIRST_ACK_TIMEOUT_MS = 600;
   // How long the module stays awake after any frame, and so still answers the next one.
   static constexpr uint32_t MODULE_AWAKE_MS = 10000;
   static constexpr uint8_t CMD_MAX_RETRIES = 3;
+  // Named so a repeated press replaces its own pending timeout instead of stacking
+  // another, and so the command path can cancel it when it takes the pin over.
+  static constexpr const char *WAKE_BUTTON_TIMEOUT = "wake_button";
+  // Named so a burst of writes collapses to one read once they settle, rather than
+  // one read per write.
+  static constexpr const char *AREA_REFRESH_TIMEOUT = "area_refresh";
   // A reply cannot trail the frame that earned it for longer than this; the field worst case is ~726ms.
   static constexpr uint32_t STALE_ACK_MAX_AGE_MS = 1000;
 
@@ -173,11 +448,47 @@ class LD6002BComponent : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
   // Bumped whenever the active command changes, so a deferred send can tell it was retired.
   uint8_t send_generation_{0};
 
+  float z_min_{NAN};
+  float z_max_{NAN};
+  float area_x_min_{NAN};
+  float area_x_max_{NAN};
+  float area_y_min_{NAN};
+  float area_y_max_{NAN};
+  float area_z_min_{NAN};
+  float area_z_max_{NAN};
+  // What the user has typed and not yet applied; NaN per axis means "nothing of
+  // mine here, take the module's value".  Same sentinel shape as
+  // pending_area_updates_.  Exactly two things empty it: the area_id select moving
+  // to another area, and an apply that was accepted.  A write the bounds guard
+  // refused leaves it alone, and a deferred apply that had to be dropped hands its
+  // staged values back here -- but only while the user is still on the area they
+  // were staged for.  Either way the values stay the user's to fix.
+  AreaConfig area_edits_{};
+  std::array<AreaConfig, AREA_COUNT> interference_area_values_{};
+  std::array<AreaConfig, AREA_COUNT> detection_area_values_{};
+  uint8_t area_id_{0xFF};
+  bool area_id_set_{false};
+
   // Which person owns each target_N slot, so a slot survives the module re-sorting its array.
   std::array<int32_t, MAX_TARGETS> slot_cluster_{};
   std::array<bool, MAX_TARGETS> slot_occupied_{};
 
   bool target_presence_any_{false};
+  // What the switches and setup asked the module for, which is not the same as
+  // what it is doing yet: a stream keeps sending until it acts on the command.
+  // The report handlers read these and drop anything a stopped stream still emits.
+  bool target_display_enabled_{false};
+  bool point_cloud_enabled_{false};
+  bool area_presence_any_{false};
+  bool area_write_in_flight_{false};
+  bool work_mode_reported_{false};
+  bool low_power_enabled_{false};
+  bool low_power_reported_{false};
+  bool deferred_apply_pending_{false};
+  uint8_t pending_area_id_{0xFF};
+  AreaConfig pending_area_updates_{};
+  bool last_work_mode_valid_{false};
+  bool last_work_mode_low_power_{false};
 
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
   std::array<bool, MAX_TARGETS> last_target_presence_{};  // one-shot NAN clear for target sensors
@@ -185,6 +496,7 @@ class LD6002BComponent : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
   std::array<int32_t, MAX_TARGETS> last_cluster_id_{};
   std::array<bool, MAX_TARGETS> last_cluster_id_valid_{};
   uint32_t last_target_count_{0xFFFFFFFF};
+  uint32_t last_point_count_{0xFFFFFFFF};
 #endif
 };
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld6002b/number/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld6002b/number/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..236b049f53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ld6002b/number/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import number
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_AREA_ID,
+    CONF_BUTTON,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_DURATION,
+    ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+    UNIT_METER,
+    UNIT_MILLISECOND,
+    UNIT_SECOND,
+)
+import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+from .. import LD6002BComponent, ld6002b_ns
+from ..const import (
+    CONF_APPLY_AREA,
+    CONF_AREA_CONFIG,
+    CONF_HOLD_DELAY,
+    CONF_LD6002B_ID,
+    CONF_LOW_POWER_SLEEP_TIME,
+    CONF_Z_MAX,
+    CONF_Z_MIN,
+    KEY_X_MAX,
+    KEY_X_MIN,
+    KEY_Y_MAX,
+    KEY_Y_MIN,
+)
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["ld6002b"]
+
+LD6002BNumber = ld6002b_ns.class_("LD6002BNumber", number.Number)
+NumberType = ld6002b_ns.enum("NumberType", is_class=True)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD6002B_ID): cv.use_id(LD6002BComponent),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_HOLD_DELAY): number.number_schema(
+            LD6002BNumber,
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_SECOND,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DURATION,
+            entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_Z_MIN): number.number_schema(
+            LD6002BNumber,
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_METER,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
+            entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_Z_MAX): number.number_schema(
+            LD6002BNumber,
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_METER,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
+            entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_LOW_POWER_SLEEP_TIME): number.number_schema(
+            LD6002BNumber,
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_MILLISECOND,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DURATION,
+            entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_AREA_CONFIG): cv.Schema(
+            {
+                cv.Optional(KEY_X_MIN): number.number_schema(
+                    LD6002BNumber,
+                    unit_of_measurement=UNIT_METER,
+                    device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
+                    entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+                ),
+                cv.Optional(KEY_X_MAX): number.number_schema(
+                    LD6002BNumber,
+                    unit_of_measurement=UNIT_METER,
+                    device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
+                    entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+                ),
+                cv.Optional(KEY_Y_MIN): number.number_schema(
+                    LD6002BNumber,
+                    unit_of_measurement=UNIT_METER,
+                    device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
+                    entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+                ),
+                cv.Optional(KEY_Y_MAX): number.number_schema(
+                    LD6002BNumber,
+                    unit_of_measurement=UNIT_METER,
+                    device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
+                    entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+                ),
+                cv.Optional(CONF_Z_MIN): number.number_schema(
+                    LD6002BNumber,
+                    unit_of_measurement=UNIT_METER,
+                    device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
+                    entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+                ),
+                cv.Optional(CONF_Z_MAX): number.number_schema(
+                    LD6002BNumber,
+                    unit_of_measurement=UNIT_METER,
+                    device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
+                    entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+                ),
+            }
+        ),
+    }
+)
+
+
+def final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    if config.get(CONF_AREA_CONFIG) is None:
+        return
+
+    full_config = fv.full_config.get()
+    hub_id = config[CONF_LD6002B_ID]
+
+    has_apply_area = any(
+        entry.get(CONF_LD6002B_ID) == hub_id and entry.get(CONF_APPLY_AREA) is not None
+        for entry in full_config.get(CONF_BUTTON, [])
+    )
+    if not has_apply_area:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"{CONF_AREA_CONFIG} requires button.apply_area for the same ld6002b instance",
+            path=[CONF_AREA_CONFIG],
+        )
+
+    has_area_id_select = any(
+        entry.get(CONF_LD6002B_ID) == hub_id and entry.get(CONF_AREA_ID) is not None
+        for entry in full_config.get("select", [])
+    )
+    if not has_area_id_select:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"{CONF_AREA_CONFIG} requires select.area_id for the same ld6002b instance",
+            path=[CONF_AREA_CONFIG],
+        )
+
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = final_validate
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD6002B_ID])
+
+    for key, number_type, setter, min_value, max_value, step in (
+        (CONF_HOLD_DELAY, NumberType.HOLD_DELAY, "set_hold_delay_number", 0, 65535, 1),
+        (CONF_Z_MIN, NumberType.Z_MIN, "set_z_min_number", -10, 10, 0.1),
+        (CONF_Z_MAX, NumberType.Z_MAX, "set_z_max_number", -10, 10, 0.1),
+        # 0x0205 carries a uint32 of milliseconds; the vendor documents 500 ms as
+        # the default and no upper bound, so the range ends at a minute rather
+        # than at a default the module is free to be sleeping past.
+        (
+            CONF_LOW_POWER_SLEEP_TIME,
+            NumberType.LOW_POWER_SLEEP,
+            "set_low_power_sleep_number",
+            0,
+            60000,
+            100,
+        ),
+    ):
+        if conf := config.get(key):
+            n = await number.new_number(
+                conf, number_type, min_value=min_value, max_value=max_value, step=step
+            )
+            await cg.register_parented(n, config[CONF_LD6002B_ID])
+            cg.add(getattr(hub, setter)(n))
+
+    if area_config := config.get(CONF_AREA_CONFIG):
+        for key, number_type, setter in (
+            (KEY_X_MIN, NumberType.AREA_X_MIN, "set_area_x_min_number"),
+            (KEY_X_MAX, NumberType.AREA_X_MAX, "set_area_x_max_number"),
+            (KEY_Y_MIN, NumberType.AREA_Y_MIN, "set_area_y_min_number"),
+            (KEY_Y_MAX, NumberType.AREA_Y_MAX, "set_area_y_max_number"),
+            (CONF_Z_MIN, NumberType.AREA_Z_MIN, "set_area_z_min_number"),
+            (CONF_Z_MAX, NumberType.AREA_Z_MAX, "set_area_z_max_number"),
+        ):
+            if conf := area_config.get(key):
+                n = await number.new_number(
+                    conf, number_type, min_value=-10, max_value=10, step=0.1
+                )
+                await cg.register_parented(n, config[CONF_LD6002B_ID])
+                cg.add(getattr(hub, setter)(n))
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld6002b/number/ld6002b_number.cpp b/esphome/components/ld6002b/number/ld6002b_number.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b0b1b6f72b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ld6002b/number/ld6002b_number.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#include "ld6002b_number.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ld6002b {
+
+void LD6002BNumber::control(float value) {
+  this->publish_state(value);
+  this->parent_->set_number_value(this->type_, value);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ld6002b
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld6002b/number/ld6002b_number.h b/esphome/components/ld6002b/number/ld6002b_number.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3101b4d3cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ld6002b/number/ld6002b_number.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/components/number/number.h"
+#include "../ld6002b.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ld6002b {
+
+class LD6002BNumber : public number::Number, public Parented<LD6002BComponent> {
+ public:
+  explicit LD6002BNumber(NumberType type) : type_(type) {}
+
+ protected:
+  void control(float value) override;
+
+  NumberType type_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ld6002b
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld6002b/select/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld6002b/select/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7f5e528b84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ld6002b/select/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import select
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_AREA_ID, CONF_SENSITIVITY, ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+from .. import LD6002BComponent, ld6002b_ns
+from ..const import CONF_INSTALLATION_MODE, CONF_LD6002B_ID, CONF_TRIGGER_SPEED
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["ld6002b"]
+
+LD6002BSelect = ld6002b_ns.class_("LD6002BSelect", select.Select)
+SelectType = ld6002b_ns.enum("SelectType", is_class=True)
+
+AREA_ID_OPTIONS = [
+    "interference_area_0",
+    "interference_area_1",
+    "interference_area_2",
+    "interference_area_3",
+    "detection_area_0",
+    "detection_area_1",
+    "detection_area_2",
+    "detection_area_3",
+]
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD6002B_ID): cv.use_id(LD6002BComponent),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_SENSITIVITY): select.select_schema(
+            LD6002BSelect, entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_TRIGGER_SPEED): select.select_schema(
+            LD6002BSelect, entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_INSTALLATION_MODE): select.select_schema(
+            LD6002BSelect, entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_AREA_ID): select.select_schema(
+            LD6002BSelect, entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
+        ),
+    }
+)
+
+
+SELECT_MAP = (
+    (
+        CONF_SENSITIVITY,
+        SelectType.SENSITIVITY,
+        "set_sensitivity_select",
+        ["low", "medium", "high"],
+    ),
+    (
+        CONF_TRIGGER_SPEED,
+        SelectType.TRIGGER_SPEED,
+        "set_trigger_speed_select",
+        ["slow", "medium", "fast"],
+    ),
+    (
+        CONF_INSTALLATION_MODE,
+        SelectType.INSTALLATION_MODE,
+        "set_installation_select",
+        ["top", "side"],
+    ),
+    (CONF_AREA_ID, SelectType.AREA_ID, "set_area_id_select", AREA_ID_OPTIONS),
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD6002B_ID])
+
+    for key, select_type, setter, options in SELECT_MAP:
+        if conf := config.get(key):
+            s = await select.new_select(conf, select_type, options=options)
+            await cg.register_parented(s, config[CONF_LD6002B_ID])
+            cg.add(getattr(hub, setter)(s))
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld6002b/select/ld6002b_select.cpp b/esphome/components/ld6002b/select/ld6002b_select.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a6b524a665
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ld6002b/select/ld6002b_select.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#include "ld6002b_select.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ld6002b {
+
+void LD6002BSelect::control(size_t index) {
+  this->publish_state(index);
+  this->parent_->set_select_value(this->type_, index);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ld6002b
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld6002b/select/ld6002b_select.h b/esphome/components/ld6002b/select/ld6002b_select.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f380089a1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ld6002b/select/ld6002b_select.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/components/select/select.h"
+#include "../ld6002b.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ld6002b {
+
+class LD6002BSelect : public select::Select, public Parented<LD6002BComponent> {
+ public:
+  explicit LD6002BSelect(SelectType type) : type_(type) {}
+
+ protected:
+  void control(size_t index) override;
+
+  SelectType type_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ld6002b
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld6002b/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ld6002b/sensor.py
index 3aa9b0f98a..cceefb3837 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld6002b/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld6002b/sensor.py
@@ -9,13 +9,22 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_METER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import LD6002BComponent
 from .const import (
+    AREA_COUNT,
     CONF_CLUSTER_ID,
     CONF_DOPPLER_INDEX,
     CONF_LD6002B_ID,
+    CONF_POINT_COUNT,
     CONF_Z,
+    CONF_Z_MAX,
+    CONF_Z_MIN,
+    KEY_X_MAX,
+    KEY_X_MIN,
+    KEY_Y_MAX,
+    KEY_Y_MIN,
     MAX_TARGETS,
 )
 
@@ -67,25 +76,92 @@ TARGET_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     }
 )
 
-
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+AREA_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
-        cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD6002B_ID): cv.use_id(LD6002BComponent),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_TARGET_COUNT): sensor.sensor_schema(
-            accuracy_decimals=0,
+        cv.Optional(KEY_X_MIN): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_METER,
+            accuracy_decimals=2,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
+            state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(KEY_X_MAX): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_METER,
+            accuracy_decimals=2,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
+            state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(KEY_Y_MIN): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_METER,
+            accuracy_decimals=2,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
+            state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(KEY_Y_MAX): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_METER,
+            accuracy_decimals=2,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
+            state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_Z_MIN): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_METER,
+            accuracy_decimals=2,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
+            state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_Z_MAX): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_METER,
+            accuracy_decimals=2,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
             state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
         ),
     }
-).extend({cv.Optional(f"target_{i + 1}"): TARGET_SCHEMA for i in range(MAX_TARGETS)})
+)
+
+# (config key, C++ setter axis) for the six bounds every area sensor block carries.
+_AREA_AXES = (
+    (KEY_X_MIN, "x_min"),
+    (KEY_X_MAX, "x_max"),
+    (KEY_Y_MIN, "y_min"),
+    (KEY_Y_MAX, "y_max"),
+    (CONF_Z_MIN, "z_min"),
+    (CONF_Z_MAX, "z_max"),
+)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD6002B_ID): cv.use_id(LD6002BComponent),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TARGET_COUNT): sensor.sensor_schema(
+                accuracy_decimals=0,
+                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_POINT_COUNT): sensor.sensor_schema(
+                accuracy_decimals=0,
+                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+            ),
+        }
+    )
+    .extend({cv.Optional(f"target_{i + 1}"): TARGET_SCHEMA for i in range(MAX_TARGETS)})
+    .extend(
+        {cv.Optional(f"interference_area_{i}"): AREA_SCHEMA for i in range(AREA_COUNT)}
+    )
+    .extend(
+        {cv.Optional(f"detection_area_{i}"): AREA_SCHEMA for i in range(AREA_COUNT)}
+    )
+)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD6002B_ID])
 
     if target_count_config := config.get(CONF_TARGET_COUNT):
         sens = await sensor.new_sensor(target_count_config)
         cg.add(hub.set_target_count_sensor(sens))
 
+    if point_count_config := config.get(CONF_POINT_COUNT):
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(point_count_config)
+        cg.add(hub.set_point_count_sensor(sens))
+
     for i in range(MAX_TARGETS):
         if target_config := config.get(f"target_{i + 1}"):
             if x_config := target_config.get(CONF_X):
@@ -103,3 +179,11 @@ async def to_code(config):
             if cluster_id_config := target_config.get(CONF_CLUSTER_ID):
                 sens = await sensor.new_sensor(cluster_id_config)
                 cg.add(hub.set_target_cluster_id_sensor(i, sens))
+
+    for kind in ("interference", "detection"):
+        for i in range(AREA_COUNT):
+            if area_config := config.get(f"{kind}_area_{i}"):
+                for key, axis in _AREA_AXES:
+                    if axis_config := area_config.get(key):
+                        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(axis_config)
+                        cg.add(getattr(hub, f"set_{kind}_area_{axis}_sensor")(i, sens))
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld6002b/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld6002b/switch/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a414308b65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ld6002b/switch/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import switch
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import DEVICE_CLASS_SWITCH, ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+from .. import LD6002BComponent, ld6002b_ns
+from ..const import (
+    CONF_LD6002B_ID,
+    CONF_LOW_POWER,
+    CONF_POINT_CLOUD,
+    CONF_TARGET_DISPLAY,
+)
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["ld6002b"]
+
+LD6002BSwitch = ld6002b_ns.class_("LD6002BSwitch", switch.Switch)
+SwitchType = ld6002b_ns.enum("SwitchType", is_class=True)
+
+# None of these three carry an inversion. They name what the module is doing, not
+# how something is wired to it, so an inverted one would only report the opposite
+# of the truth -- and the boot restore, which applies a state nothing reports back,
+# is where that would be hardest to spot.
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD6002B_ID): cv.use_id(LD6002BComponent),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_LOW_POWER): switch.switch_schema(
+            LD6002BSwitch,
+            block_inverted=True,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_SWITCH,
+            entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_POINT_CLOUD): switch.switch_schema(
+            LD6002BSwitch,
+            block_inverted=True,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_SWITCH,
+            entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_TARGET_DISPLAY): switch.switch_schema(
+            LD6002BSwitch,
+            block_inverted=True,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_SWITCH,
+            entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+            default_restore_mode="RESTORE_DEFAULT_ON",
+        ),
+    }
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD6002B_ID])
+
+    for key, switch_type, setter in (
+        (CONF_LOW_POWER, SwitchType.LOW_POWER, "set_low_power_switch"),
+        (CONF_POINT_CLOUD, SwitchType.POINT_CLOUD, "set_point_cloud_switch"),
+        (CONF_TARGET_DISPLAY, SwitchType.TARGET_DISPLAY, "set_target_display_switch"),
+    ):
+        if conf := config.get(key):
+            s = await switch.new_switch(conf, switch_type)
+            await cg.register_parented(s, config[CONF_LD6002B_ID])
+            cg.add(getattr(hub, setter)(s))
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld6002b/switch/ld6002b_switch.cpp b/esphome/components/ld6002b/switch/ld6002b_switch.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7542f7b1ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ld6002b/switch/ld6002b_switch.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#include "ld6002b_switch.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ld6002b {
+
+void LD6002BSwitch::write_state(bool state) {
+  this->parent_->set_switch_state(this->type_, state);
+  this->publish_state(state);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ld6002b
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld6002b/switch/ld6002b_switch.h b/esphome/components/ld6002b/switch/ld6002b_switch.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..44773f802f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ld6002b/switch/ld6002b_switch.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/components/switch/switch.h"
+#include "../ld6002b.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ld6002b {
+
+class LD6002BSwitch : public switch_::Switch, public Parented<LD6002BComponent> {
+ public:
+  explicit LD6002BSwitch(SwitchType type) : type_(type) {}
+
+ protected:
+  void write_state(bool state) override;
+
+  SwitchType type_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ld6002b
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld6002b/text_sensor.py b/esphome/components/ld6002b/text_sensor.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0e8e2e80e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ld6002b/text_sensor.py
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import text_sensor
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+from . import LD6002BComponent
+from .const import CONF_LD6002B_ID, CONF_OTA_VERSION, CONF_WORK_MODE
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["ld6002b"]
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD6002B_ID): cv.use_id(LD6002BComponent),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_WORK_MODE): text_sensor.text_sensor_schema(
+            entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_OTA_VERSION): text_sensor.text_sensor_schema(
+            entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC
+        ),
+    }
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD6002B_ID])
+    if work_mode_config := config.get(CONF_WORK_MODE):
+        sens = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(work_mode_config)
+        cg.add(hub.set_work_mode_text_sensor(sens))
+    if ota_config := config.get(CONF_OTA_VERSION):
+        sens = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(ota_config)
+        cg.add(hub.set_ota_version_text_sensor(sens))
diff --git a/esphome/components/ledc/output.py b/esphome/components/ledc/output.py
index 95df1fba23..e5e7c3dcbe 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ledc/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ledc/output.py
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import automation, pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
+from esphome.components.esp32 import include_builtin_idf_component
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_CHANNEL,
@@ -9,20 +12,23 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_PHASE_ANGLE,
     CONF_PIN,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32"]
 
 
-def calc_max_frequency(bit_depth):
+def calc_max_frequency(bit_depth: int) -> float:
     return 80e6 / (2**bit_depth)
 
 
-def calc_min_frequency(bit_depth):
+def calc_min_frequency(bit_depth: int) -> float:
     max_div_num = ((2**20) - 1) / 256.0
     return 80e6 / (max_div_num * (2**bit_depth))
 
 
-def validate_frequency(value):
+def validate_frequency(value: Any) -> float:
     value = cv.frequency(value)
     min_freq = calc_min_frequency(20)
     max_freq = calc_max_frequency(1)
@@ -56,7 +62,10 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    # Re-enable the LEDC driver (excluded by default to save compile time)
+    include_builtin_idf_component("esp_driver_ledc")
+
     gpio = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_PIN])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], gpio)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
@@ -79,7 +88,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def ledc_set_frequency_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def ledc_set_frequency_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_FREQUENCY], args, cg.float_)
diff --git a/esphome/components/libretiny/__init__.py b/esphome/components/libretiny/__init__.py
index c51af373b3..50dc787799 100644
--- a/esphome/components/libretiny/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/libretiny/__init__.py
@@ -182,6 +182,9 @@ def get_download_types(storage_json: StorageJSON = None):
     the shape stable so the download panel
     doesn't have to special-case per-platform schemas.
     """
+    # No recorded firmware path means nothing was built; no downloads.
+    if storage_json.firmware_bin_path is None:
+        return []
     types = [
         {
             "title": "UF2 package (recommended)",
@@ -297,7 +300,7 @@ FRAMEWORK_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     _check_debug_order,
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(_notify_old_style)
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(_notify_old_style, cv.require_platformio_toolchain("LibreTiny"))
 
 BASE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
@@ -311,6 +314,7 @@ BASE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 BASE_SCHEMA.add_extra(_detect_variant)
+BASE_SCHEMA.add_extra(cv.require_platformio_toolchain("LibreTiny"))
 BASE_SCHEMA.add_extra(_update_core_data)
 
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/libretiny_pwm/output.py b/esphome/components/libretiny_pwm/output.py
index 6f71530aaf..716ccfad2b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/libretiny_pwm/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/libretiny_pwm/output.py
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_FREQUENCY, CONF_ID, CONF_PIN
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["libretiny"]
 
@@ -21,7 +24,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     gpio = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_PIN])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], gpio)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
@@ -40,7 +43,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def libretiny_pwm_set_frequency_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def libretiny_pwm_set_frequency_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_FREQUENCY], args, cg.float_)
diff --git a/esphome/components/light/__init__.py b/esphome/components/light/__init__.py
index 7c4d7ed431..dbcc28d64a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/light/__init__.py
@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 import enum
+import logging
 
 import esphome.automation as auto
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import mqtt, power_supply, web_server
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS, CONF_IS_WRGB
+from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_defines
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BLUE,
@@ -23,6 +27,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ICON,
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_INITIAL_STATE,
+    CONF_IS_RGBW,
     CONF_MQTT_ID,
     CONF_NAME,
     CONF_ON_STATE,
@@ -32,6 +37,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_POWER_SUPPLY,
     CONF_RED,
     CONF_RESTORE_MODE,
+    CONF_RGB_ORDER,
     CONF_STATE,
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
     CONF_WARM_WHITE,
@@ -61,6 +67,7 @@ from .effects import (
 from .types import (  # noqa: F401
     AddressableLight,
     AddressableLightState,
+    ChannelColors,
     ColorMode,
     LightOutput,
     LightState,
@@ -71,6 +78,8 @@ from .types import (  # noqa: F401
     light_ns,
 )
 
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
 IS_PLATFORM_COMPONENT = True
 
@@ -165,7 +174,105 @@ def available_effects_str(effects: list) -> str:
     return ", ".join(f"'{name}'" for name in available) if available else "none"
 
 
-def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+# Accepted values of the deprecated `rgb_order` key.
+RGB_ORDERS = ("RGB", "RBG", "GRB", "GBR", "BGR", "BRG")
+
+_RGB_CHANNELS = frozenset("RGB")
+_RGBW_CHANNELS = frozenset("RGBW")
+
+
+def validate_channel_colors(value: str) -> str:
+    """Validate the channel order of an addressable strip, e.g. "GRB" or "WRGB"."""
+    value = cv.string_strict(value).upper()
+    channels = frozenset(value)
+    if len(channels) != len(value) or channels not in (_RGB_CHANNELS, _RGBW_CHANNELS):
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"'{value}' is not a valid channel order. List each of R, G and B exactly "
+            "once, optionally with a single W, in the order the strip expects them "
+            "(for example GRB, GRBW or WRGB)"
+        )
+    return value
+
+
+def channel_colors_struct(value: str) -> cg.StructInitializer:
+    """Build the C++ `light::ChannelColors` for a validated channel order string."""
+    return cg.StructInitializer(
+        ChannelColors,
+        ("r", value.index("R")),
+        ("g", value.index("G")),
+        ("b", value.index("B")),
+        (
+            "w",
+            value.index("W")
+            if "W" in value
+            else cg.RawExpression(f"{ChannelColors}::NO_WHITE"),
+        ),
+    )
+
+
+def _quote_and_join(keys: list[str]) -> str:
+    """Quote each key and join them into a readable list, e.g. "'a', 'b' and 'c'"."""
+    quoted = [f"'{key}'" for key in keys]
+    if len(quoted) == 1:
+        return quoted[0]
+    return f"{', '.join(quoted[:-1])} and {quoted[-1]}"
+
+
+def migrate_channel_colors(
+    *, removed_in: str, component: str
+) -> Callable[[ConfigType], ConfigType]:
+    """Fold the deprecated `rgb_order`, `is_rgbw` and `is_wrgb` keys into `channel_colors`.
+
+    This also enforces that `channel_colors` is set, which the schema cannot do on its
+    own while the deprecated keys are still accepted. After this runs, `to_code` only
+    ever sees `channel_colors`.
+    """
+
+    def validator(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+        config = config.copy()
+        deprecated = [
+            key for key in (CONF_RGB_ORDER, CONF_IS_RGBW, CONF_IS_WRGB) if key in config
+        ]
+        if CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS in config:
+            if deprecated:
+                raise cv.Invalid(
+                    f"'{CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS}' cannot be combined with "
+                    f"{_quote_and_join(deprecated)}"
+                )
+            return config
+        if CONF_RGB_ORDER not in config:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"'{CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS}' is required", path=[CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS]
+            )
+        rgb_order = config.pop(CONF_RGB_ORDER)
+        is_rgbw = config.pop(CONF_IS_RGBW, False)
+        is_wrgb = config.pop(CONF_IS_WRGB, False)
+        if is_rgbw and is_wrgb:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"'{CONF_IS_RGBW}' and '{CONF_IS_WRGB}' cannot both be enabled"
+            )
+        if is_wrgb:
+            channel_colors = f"W{rgb_order}"
+        elif is_rgbw:
+            channel_colors = f"{rgb_order}W"
+        else:
+            channel_colors = rgb_order
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "[%s] %s %s deprecated, use '%s: %s'. Will be removed in %s",
+            component,
+            _quote_and_join(deprecated),
+            "are" if len(deprecated) > 1 else "is",
+            CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS,
+            channel_colors,
+            removed_in,
+        )
+        config[CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS] = channel_colors
+        return config
+
+    return validator
+
+
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     """Validate all recorded effect name references against their target lights.
 
     This runs once per light platform instance. If no light platform is configured,
@@ -173,7 +280,7 @@ def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     """
     data = _get_data()
     if not data.effect_refs and not data.effect_cycle_refs:
-        return config
+        return
 
     # Drain the lists so we only validate once even though
     # FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA runs for each light platform instance.
@@ -217,8 +324,6 @@ def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
                 path=[cv.ROOT_CONFIG_PATH] + ref.component_path,
             )
 
-    return config
-
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
@@ -453,3 +558,10 @@ async def new_light(config, *args):
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.CORE)
 async def to_code(config):
     cg.add_global(light_ns.using)
+
+
+# light_json_schema.cpp is only used by mqtt and web_server, which both
+# auto load json; USE_JSON alone is too broad since other components load it.
+FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_defines(
+    {"light_json_schema.cpp": ("USE_MQTT", "USE_WEBSERVER")}
+)
diff --git a/esphome/components/light/channel_colors.h b/esphome/components/light/channel_colors.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9d8f46d575
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/light/channel_colors.h
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace esphome::light {
+
+/// Which byte of an addressable LED's data carries each colour.
+///
+/// Built from a configuration string such as "GRB" or "WRGB": every field holds the
+/// position that colour occupies in the bytes the strip expects. `w` is NO_WHITE when
+/// the strip has no separate white channel.
+struct ChannelColors {
+  /// Value of `w` for a strip that only has red, green and blue channels.
+  static constexpr uint8_t NO_WHITE = 0xFF;
+
+  uint8_t r;
+  uint8_t g;
+  uint8_t b;
+  uint8_t w;
+
+  bool has_white() const { return this->w != NO_WHITE; }
+
+  uint8_t bytes_per_led() const { return this->has_white() ? 4 : 3; }
+
+  /// Write the order back out as text, e.g. "GRBW".
+  ///
+  /// `buf` must have room for at least 5 characters. Returns `buf` so the result can be
+  /// passed straight to a log call.
+  const char *to_string(char *buf) const {
+    buf[this->r] = 'R';
+    buf[this->g] = 'G';
+    buf[this->b] = 'B';
+    if (this->has_white()) {
+      buf[this->w] = 'W';
+    }
+    buf[this->bytes_per_led()] = '\0';
+    return buf;
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::light
diff --git a/esphome/components/light/esp_color_correction.cpp b/esphome/components/light/esp_color_correction.cpp
index e793226bb1..12eb6a3008 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/esp_color_correction.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/light/esp_color_correction.cpp
@@ -5,7 +5,11 @@ namespace esphome::light {
 uint8_t ESPColorCorrection::gamma_correct_(uint8_t value) const {
   if (this->gamma_table_ == nullptr)
     return value;
-  return static_cast<uint8_t>((progmem_read_uint16(&this->gamma_table_[value]) + 128) / 257);
+  uint16_t table_value = progmem_read_uint16(&this->gamma_table_[value]);
+  uint8_t result = (table_value + 128) / 257;
+  if (result == 0 && table_value != 0)
+    return 1;
+  return result;
 }
 
 uint8_t ESPColorCorrection::gamma_uncorrect_(uint8_t value) const {
diff --git a/esphome/components/light/esp_range_view.cpp b/esphome/components/light/esp_range_view.cpp
index 58d552031a..5d372983d9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/esp_range_view.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/light/esp_range_view.cpp
@@ -13,8 +13,6 @@ ESPColorView ESPRangeView::operator[](int32_t index) const {
   index = interpret_index(index, this->size()) + this->begin_;
   return (*this->parent_)[index];
 }
-ESPRangeIterator ESPRangeView::begin() { return {*this, this->begin_}; }
-ESPRangeIterator ESPRangeView::end() { return {*this, this->end_}; }
 
 void ESPRangeView::set(const Color &color) {
   for (int32_t i = this->begin_; i < this->end_; i++) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/light/esp_range_view.h b/esphome/components/light/esp_range_view.h
index f5e4ebb83f..ec129bdf70 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/esp_range_view.h
+++ b/esphome/components/light/esp_range_view.h
@@ -75,4 +75,7 @@ class ESPRangeIterator {
   int32_t i_;
 };
 
+inline ESPRangeIterator ESPRangeView::begin() { return {*this, this->begin_}; }
+inline ESPRangeIterator ESPRangeView::end() { return {*this, this->end_}; }
+
 }  // namespace esphome::light
diff --git a/esphome/components/light/light_state.cpp b/esphome/components/light/light_state.cpp
index 9d0181a05c..82c00e2382 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/light_state.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/light/light_state.cpp
@@ -157,8 +157,6 @@ void LightState::loop() {
   }
 }
 
-float LightState::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::HARDWARE - 1.0f; }
-
 void LightState::publish_state() {
   if (this->remote_values_listeners_) {
     for (auto *listener : *this->remote_values_listeners_) {
@@ -194,25 +192,11 @@ void LightState::add_target_state_reached_listener(LightTargetStateReachedListen
   this->target_state_reached_listeners_->push_back(listener);
 }
 
-void LightState::set_default_transition_length(uint32_t default_transition_length) {
-  this->default_transition_length_ = default_transition_length;
-}
-uint32_t LightState::get_default_transition_length() const { return this->default_transition_length_; }
-void LightState::set_flash_transition_length(uint32_t flash_transition_length) {
-  this->flash_transition_length_ = flash_transition_length;
-}
-uint32_t LightState::get_flash_transition_length() const { return this->flash_transition_length_; }
-void LightState::set_gamma_correct(float gamma_correct) { this->gamma_correct_ = gamma_correct; }
-void LightState::set_restore_mode(LightRestoreMode restore_mode) { this->restore_mode_ = restore_mode; }
-void LightState::set_initial_state(void (*callback)(LightStateRTCState &)) { this->initial_state_callback_ = callback; }
-bool LightState::supports_effects() { return !this->effects_.empty(); }
-const FixedVector<LightEffect *> &LightState::get_effects() const { return this->effects_; }
 void LightState::add_effects(const std::initializer_list<LightEffect *> &effects) {
   // Called once from Python codegen during setup with all effects from YAML config
   this->effects_ = effects;
 }
 
-void LightState::current_values_as_binary(bool *binary) { this->current_values.as_binary(binary); }
 void LightState::current_values_as_brightness(float *brightness) {
   this->current_values.as_brightness(brightness);
   *brightness = this->gamma_correct_lut(*brightness);
@@ -333,8 +317,6 @@ float LightState::gamma_uncorrect_lut(float value) const {
 }
 #endif  // USE_LIGHT_GAMMA_LUT
 
-bool LightState::is_transformer_active() { return this->is_transformer_active_; }
-
 void LightState::start_effect_(uint32_t effect_index) {
   this->stop_effect_();
   if (effect_index == 0)
diff --git a/esphome/components/light/light_state.h b/esphome/components/light/light_state.h
index 5efc05358b..3a3f8fc368 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/light_state.h
+++ b/esphome/components/light/light_state.h
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ class LightState : public EntityBase, public Component {
   void dump_config() override;
   void loop() override;
   /// Shortly after HARDWARE.
-  float get_setup_priority() const override;
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::HARDWARE - 1.0f; }
 
   /** The current values of the light as outputted to the light.
    *
@@ -157,15 +157,19 @@ class LightState : public EntityBase, public Component {
   void add_target_state_reached_listener(LightTargetStateReachedListener *listener);
 
   /// Set the default transition length, i.e. the transition length when no transition is provided.
-  void set_default_transition_length(uint32_t default_transition_length);
-  uint32_t get_default_transition_length() const;
+  void set_default_transition_length(uint32_t default_transition_length) {
+    this->default_transition_length_ = default_transition_length;
+  }
+  uint32_t get_default_transition_length() const { return this->default_transition_length_; }
 
   /// Set the flash transition length
-  void set_flash_transition_length(uint32_t flash_transition_length);
-  uint32_t get_flash_transition_length() const;
+  void set_flash_transition_length(uint32_t flash_transition_length) {
+    this->flash_transition_length_ = flash_transition_length;
+  }
+  uint32_t get_flash_transition_length() const { return this->flash_transition_length_; }
 
   /// Set the gamma correction factor
-  void set_gamma_correct(float gamma_correct);
+  void set_gamma_correct(float gamma_correct) { this->gamma_correct_ = gamma_correct; }
   float get_gamma_correct() const { return this->gamma_correct_; }
 
 #ifdef USE_LIGHT_GAMMA_LUT
@@ -186,17 +190,17 @@ class LightState : public EntityBase, public Component {
 #endif  // USE_LIGHT_GAMMA_LUT
 
   /// Set the restore mode of this light
-  void set_restore_mode(LightRestoreMode restore_mode);
+  void set_restore_mode(LightRestoreMode restore_mode) { this->restore_mode_ = restore_mode; }
 
   /// Set a callback to populate the initial state defaults during setup.
   /// The callback is called once, then cleared. Values live in flash as code.
-  void set_initial_state(void (*callback)(LightStateRTCState &));
+  void set_initial_state(void (*callback)(LightStateRTCState &)) { this->initial_state_callback_ = callback; }
 
   /// Return whether the light has any effects that meet the trait requirements.
-  bool supports_effects();
+  bool supports_effects() const { return !this->effects_.empty(); }
 
   /// Get all effects for this light state.
-  const FixedVector<LightEffect *> &get_effects() const;
+  const FixedVector<LightEffect *> &get_effects() const { return this->effects_; }
 
   /// Add effects for this light state.
   void add_effects(const std::initializer_list<LightEffect *> &effects);
@@ -254,7 +258,7 @@ class LightState : public EntityBase, public Component {
   }
 
   /// The result of all the current_values_as_* methods have gamma correction applied.
-  void current_values_as_binary(bool *binary);
+  void current_values_as_binary(bool *binary) { this->current_values.as_binary(binary); }
 
   void current_values_as_brightness(float *brightness);
 
@@ -281,7 +285,7 @@ class LightState : public EntityBase, public Component {
    *   return;
    * }
    */
-  bool is_transformer_active();
+  bool is_transformer_active() const { return this->is_transformer_active_; }
 
  protected:
   friend LightOutput;
diff --git a/esphome/components/light/types.py b/esphome/components/light/types.py
index 9c1c7331d1..1778aa8410 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/types.py
+++ b/esphome/components/light/types.py
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@ LightColorValues = light_ns.class_("LightColorValues")
 LightStateRTCState = light_ns.struct("LightStateRTCState")
 LightCall = light_ns.class_("LightCall")
 
+# Addressable strips
+ChannelColors = light_ns.struct("ChannelColors")
+
 # Color modes
 ColorMode = light_ns.enum("ColorMode", is_class=True)
 COLOR_MODES = {
diff --git a/esphome/components/lightwaverf/__init__.py b/esphome/components/lightwaverf/__init__.py
index 76eabc2b71..0f42083cb5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lightwaverf/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lightwaverf/__init__.py
@@ -11,7 +11,10 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_REPEAT,
     CONF_WRITE_PIN,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
 from esphome.cpp_helpers import gpio_pin_expression
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@max246"]
 
@@ -57,7 +60,12 @@ LIGHTWAVE_SEND_SCHEMA = cv.Any(
     LIGHTWAVE_SEND_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def send_raw_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def send_raw_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
@@ -71,7 +79,7 @@ async def send_raw_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     return var
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/lilygo_t5_47/touchscreen/__init__.py b/esphome/components/lilygo_t5_47/touchscreen/__init__.py
index 93687846e2..1e70f379a1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lilygo_t5_47/touchscreen/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lilygo_t5_47/touchscreen/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, touchscreen
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import lilygo_t5_47_ns
 
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = touchscreen.touchscreen_schema("250ms").extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await touchscreen.register_touchscreen(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/lm75b/sensor.py b/esphome/components/lm75b/sensor.py
index 335446b62f..c59515b5b0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lm75b/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lm75b/sensor.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@beormund"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ln882h_ble/ln882h_ble.cpp b/esphome/components/ln882h_ble/ln882h_ble.cpp
index 152ca571e9..0b15bf434c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ln882h_ble/ln882h_ble.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ln882h_ble/ln882h_ble.cpp
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ static void ble_scan_callback(void *param) {
   // downstream the value is used exactly like on ESP32.
   const int8_t raw = info->rssi;
 
-  memcpy(slot->mac, info->trans_addr, 6);
+  memcpy(slot->mac, info->trans_addr, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE);
   slot->rssi = (raw > 20) ? static_cast<int8_t>(-raw) : raw;
   slot->addr_type = info->trans_addr_type;
   slot->is_scan_response = report_type == GAPM_REPORT_TYPE_SCAN_RSP_LEG;
@@ -333,8 +333,9 @@ void LN882HBLE::loop() {
   // the queue empty — from the very first report on. Checking here keeps that
   // failure visible instead of producing a scanner that is silently dead.
   uint16_t dropped = this->report_queue_.get_and_reset_dropped_count();
-  if (dropped > 0)
+  if (dropped > 0) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Dropped %u scan reports (queue full or out of memory for a report slot)", dropped);
+  }
   // Drain the lock-free ring filled by the rw task; all per-report work runs
   // here on the main task, then the report returns to the pool.
   BLEScanReport *report = this->report_queue_.pop();
@@ -407,7 +408,7 @@ void LN882HBLE::resolve_mac_() {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "BLE address KV unavailable; deriving address from WiFi MAC");
   }
   if (!have_unique_addr) {
-    uint8_t wifi_mac[6] = {0};
+    uint8_t wifi_mac[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE] = {0};
     get_mac_address_raw(wifi_mac);  // MSB-first
     // Reverse into controller (LSB-first) order, then BLE = WiFi + 1: increment
     // the NIC low byte (addr[0] once reversed), no carry, OUI unchanged — the
@@ -421,7 +422,7 @@ void LN882HBLE::resolve_mac_() {
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "MAC derived (WiFi+1) and stored");
     }
   }
-  memcpy(this->ble_mac_, bt_addr.addr, 6);
+  memcpy(this->ble_mac_, bt_addr.addr, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE);
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/esphome/components/ln882h_ble/ln882h_ble.h b/esphome/components/ln882h_ble/ln882h_ble.h
index 2186822208..5b4a67b566 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ln882h_ble/ln882h_ble.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ln882h_ble/ln882h_ble.h
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ enum class BLEComponentState : uint8_t {
 /// One scan report from the controller, decoded from the SDK's rw-task event
 /// (RSSI already sign-corrected).
 struct BLEScanReport {
-  uint8_t mac[6];  // as the controller delivers it (LSB-first)
-  int8_t rssi;     // signed dBm (-127..+20)
+  uint8_t mac[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];  // as the controller delivers it (LSB-first)
+  int8_t rssi;                    // signed dBm (-127..+20)
   uint8_t addr_type;
   bool is_scan_response;  // report is a scan response (active scan)
   bool scannable;         // advertisement may be followed by a scan response
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ class LN882HBLE final : public Component {
   // Reports rejected by the legacy-only filter (rw-task producer, main-task
   // consumer via exchange in loop()).
   std::atomic<uint16_t> rejected_reports_{0};
-  uint8_t ble_mac_[6]{0};  // controller (LSB-first) order, as ln_bd_addr_t stores it
+  uint8_t ble_mac_[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE]{0};  // controller (LSB-first) order, as ln_bd_addr_t stores it
   BLEComponentState state_{BLEComponentState::STATE_OFF};
   bool enable_on_boot_{false};
   bool scanning_{false};  // controller scan running (re-entry guard for scan_start)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ln882h_ble_tracker/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ln882h_ble_tracker/__init__.py
index ceb2aeffec..4bfaa93ab7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ln882h_ble_tracker/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ln882h_ble_tracker/__init__.py
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ BLEEndOfScanTrigger = ble_automation.BLEEndOfScanTrigger
 
 # LN882H SDK reference scan rate: 100 ms interval / 50 ms window (50 % duty).
 SCAN_PARAMETERS_SCHEMA = ble_device_base.scan_parameters_schema(
-    "100ms", window_default="50ms", supports_active=True
+    "100ms", window_default="50ms"
 )
 
 
@@ -127,6 +127,12 @@ async def stop_scan_action_to_code(
 
 
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    # Selects the BLEHub alias arm in ble_device_base/ble_hub_impl.h.
+    cg.add_define("USE_LN882H_BLE_TRACKER")
+    # Compiles the shared adv + scan-response merge (the LN controller
+    # delivers the pair as separate reports).
+    cg.add_define("USE_BLE_SCAN_RESPONSE_MERGER")
+
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ln882h_ble_tracker/ln882h_ble_tracker.cpp b/esphome/components/ln882h_ble_tracker/ln882h_ble_tracker.cpp
index 90be341820..e1083e5fbe 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ln882h_ble_tracker/ln882h_ble_tracker.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ln882h_ble_tracker/ln882h_ble_tracker.cpp
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 #include "ln882h_ble_tracker.h"
 
 #include <cinttypes>
-#include <cstring>
 
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
@@ -22,6 +21,9 @@ void LN882HBLETracker::setup() {
   // Receive the controller's scan reports; the controller queues them from the
   // rw task and delivers here on the main task.
   this->parent_->register_scan_listener(this);
+  // Merged (and unmerged) frames go to the shared dispatcher; scan_continuous_
+  // is read at each delivery to decide unclaimed-device logging.
+  this->merger_.bind(&this->dispatcher_, &this->scan_continuous_, TAG);
   // scan_running_ check: an on_boot start_scan action (priority 600) runs
   // before this setup() (200) and enable_loop() is a no-op pre-setup — parking
   // the loop here would strand that already-running scan.
@@ -72,19 +74,11 @@ void LN882HBLETracker::loop() {
       this->start_scan_();
     }
   }
-  // Flush pending scannable advertisements whose scan response never arrived
-  // (device didn't answer / frame lost) — delivered unmerged after the timeout.
-  // Main-task only, like every consumer of pending_adv_.
+  // Deliver held scannable advertisements whose scan response never arrived —
+  // unmerged after the merger's timeout. Main-task only, like every merger call.
   const uint32_t now = millis();
-  if (this->pending_count_ != 0) {
-    for (auto &p : this->pending_adv_) {
-      if (p.used && now - p.stored_ms > PENDING_ADV_TIMEOUT_MS) {
-        p.used = false;
-        this->pending_count_--;
-        this->process_adv_(p.mac, p.rssi, p.addr_type, p.data, p.data_len, /*raw_only=*/false);
-      }
-    }
-  }
+  if (!this->merger_.empty())
+    this->merger_.sweep(now);
 
   if (this->scan_continuous_) {
     if (!this->scan_running_) {
@@ -122,7 +116,8 @@ bool LN882HBLETracker::request_scan_mode(bool active) {
   if (this->scan_active_ == active)
     return true;
   this->scan_active_ = active;
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Scan mode %s", active ? "active" : "passive");
+  // V: the proxy's "Setting scanner mode" line already narrates this at D.
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Scan mode %s", active ? "active" : "passive");
   // scan_start() re-enters cleanly (stops + GAPM settle). No on_scan_end and
   // no period reset: the scan logically continues, only the mode changes.
   if (this->scan_running_) {
@@ -145,126 +140,25 @@ void LN882HBLETracker::dump_config() {
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Adv/scan-response demux with Bluedroid-style merge: the LN controller
-// delivers the pair as separate reports; a scannable advertisement is held
-// until its scan response arrives and delivered as one merged frame.
+// Adv/scan-response demux into the shared merger (ble_device_base): the LN
+// controller delivers the pair as separate reports; a scannable advertisement
+// is held until its scan response arrives and delivered as one merged frame.
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 void LN882HBLETracker::on_scan_report(const ln882h_ble::BLEScanReport &report) {
   if (report.is_scan_response) {
-    this->deliver_scan_rsp_(report);
+    this->merger_.submit_scan_rsp(report.mac, report.rssi, report.addr_type, report.data, report.data_len);
     return;
   }
   // Stash only while the scan runs: after a one-shot stop the loop is
-  // disabled and nothing would sweep the table, so a late report would
+  // disabled and nothing would sweep the merger, so a late report would
   // surface minutes later as a fresh advertisement.
   if (this->scan_running_ && this->scan_active_ && report.scannable) {
-    this->stash_adv_(report);
+    this->merger_.stash_adv(report.mac, report.rssi, report.addr_type, report.data, report.data_len, millis());
     return;
   }
-  this->process_adv_(report.mac, report.rssi, report.addr_type, report.data, report.data_len, /*raw_only=*/false);
-}
-
-// Hold a scannable advertisement, waiting (≤ PENDING_ADV_TIMEOUT_MS) for its
-// scan response.
-void LN882HBLETracker::stash_adv_(const ln882h_ble::BLEScanReport &report) {
-  // One pass: find a same-device entry (deliver + reuse) while remembering the
-  // first free slot as the fallback.
-  PendingAdv *slot = nullptr;
-  PendingAdv *free_slot = nullptr;
-  for (auto &p : this->pending_adv_) {
-    if (!p.used) {
-      if (free_slot == nullptr)
-        free_slot = &p;
-      continue;
-    }
-    if (p.addr_type == report.addr_type && memcmp(p.mac, report.mac, 6) == 0) {
-      // Same device advertised again before its scan response arrived — deliver
-      // the previous advertisement (its scan response is not coming) and reuse
-      // the slot, so no frame is ever lost.
-      p.used = false;
-      this->pending_count_--;
-      this->process_adv_(p.mac, p.rssi, p.addr_type, p.data, p.data_len, /*raw_only=*/false);
-      slot = &p;
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-  if (slot == nullptr)
-    slot = free_slot;
-  if (slot == nullptr) {
-    // Table full — degrade gracefully: deliver the advertisement unmerged.
-    this->process_adv_(report.mac, report.rssi, report.addr_type, report.data, report.data_len, /*raw_only=*/false);
-    return;
-  }
-  slot->used = true;
-  this->pending_count_++;
-  memcpy(slot->mac, report.mac, 6);
-  slot->addr_type = report.addr_type;
-  slot->rssi = report.rssi;
-  slot->data_len = (report.data_len <= sizeof(slot->data)) ? report.data_len : sizeof(slot->data);
-  memcpy(slot->data, report.data, slot->data_len);
-  slot->stored_ms = millis();
-}
-
-// Scan response arrived: merge it with the pending advertisement from the same
-// device into ONE frame (ESP-IDF/Bluedroid semantics).
-void LN882HBLETracker::deliver_scan_rsp_(const ln882h_ble::BLEScanReport &report) {
-  // Fast-out on the empty table (loop()/flush use the same guard); this is
-  // the hottest caller.
-  if (this->pending_count_ != 0) {
-    for (auto &p : this->pending_adv_) {
-      if (p.used && p.addr_type == report.addr_type && memcmp(p.mac, report.mac, 6) == 0) {
-        // Append in place: the slot is released on delivery, so its 62-byte
-        // buffer (legacy adv + scan response) holds the merged frame directly.
-        const uint8_t room = sizeof(p.data) - p.data_len;
-        const uint8_t add = (report.data_len <= room) ? report.data_len : room;
-        memcpy(p.data + p.data_len, report.data, add);
-        p.used = false;
-        this->pending_count_--;
-        // The advertisement's RSSI, not the scan response's: every unmerged path
-        // reports the advertisement's measurement, so a device's RSSI must not
-        // jump between two measurements depending on merge timing.
-        this->process_adv_(report.mac, p.rssi, report.addr_type, p.data, p.data_len + add, /*raw_only=*/false);
-        return;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  // Unmatched scan-response: goes out on the raw callback only (HA merges per
-  // address); local listeners/triggers receive each advertisement exactly once
-  // via the merged/plain path above.
-  this->process_adv_(report.mac, report.rssi, report.addr_type, report.data, report.data_len, /*raw_only=*/true);
-}
-
-void LN882HBLETracker::process_adv_(const uint8_t *mac, int8_t rssi, uint8_t addr_type, const uint8_t *data,
-                                    uint8_t data_len, bool raw_only) {
-  // Raw callback (the raw-advertisement path). Both full advertisements and
-  // unmatched scan responses (raw_only) are forwarded.
-  if (this->raw_advertisement_callback_.is_set()) {
-    const ble_device_base::RawAdvertisement adv{
-        .mac = mac, .data = data, .data_len = data_len, .rssi = rssi, .addr_type = addr_type};
-    this->raw_advertisement_callback_.invoke(adv);
-  }
-
-#ifdef ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT
-  // Scan-response-only frames are never parsed for local sensors/triggers.
-  if (raw_only)
-    return;
-  ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice device;
-  device.from_scan_result(mac, rssi, addr_type, data, data_len);
-  // The listener list holds sensors AND this tracker's automation triggers
-  // (the triggers are listeners, exactly like esp32_ble_tracker), so one
-  // loop feeds both and ORs into `found`.
-  bool found = false;
-  for (auto *listener : this->listeners_) {
-    if (listener->parse_device(device)) {
-      found = true;
-    }
-  }
-  // Mirror esp32_ble_tracker: log a newly-seen device only when nothing claimed
-  // it and the scan is one-shot (continuous scans would spam).
-  if (!found && !this->scan_continuous_)
-    this->discovered_log_.log_device(TAG, device);
-#endif  // ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT
+  this->dispatcher_.dispatch(report.mac, report.rssi, report.addr_type, report.data, report.data_len,
+                             /*raw_only=*/false, this->scan_continuous_ ? nullptr : TAG);
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -353,29 +247,11 @@ void LN882HBLETracker::stop_scan_() {
 // Close a scan period: deliver held advertisements whose scan response never
 // came (unmerged) BEFORE on_scan_end fires, then re-anchor the period clock.
 void LN882HBLETracker::end_scan_period_(uint32_t now) {
-  this->flush_pending_adv_();
-#ifdef ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT
-  for (auto *listener : this->listeners_)
-    listener->on_scan_end();
-  this->discovered_log_.clear();  // reset per-scan "Found device" dedup (esp32_ble_tracker parity)
-#endif
+  this->merger_.flush();
+  this->dispatcher_.on_scan_end();
   this->scan_period_start_ = now;
 }
 
-// Deliver every held advertisement now (scan period/scan is ending): unmerged
-// delivery, same as the timeout path in loop(). Main-task only.
-void LN882HBLETracker::flush_pending_adv_() {
-  if (this->pending_count_ == 0)
-    return;
-  for (auto &p : this->pending_adv_) {
-    if (p.used) {
-      p.used = false;
-      this->process_adv_(p.mac, p.rssi, p.addr_type, p.data, p.data_len, /*raw_only=*/false);
-    }
-  }
-  this->pending_count_ = 0;
-}
-
 }  // namespace esphome::ln882h_ble_tracker
 
 #endif  // USE_LIBRETINY
diff --git a/esphome/components/ln882h_ble_tracker/ln882h_ble_tracker.h b/esphome/components/ln882h_ble_tracker/ln882h_ble_tracker.h
index 1ad36c40d4..dc42aebce9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ln882h_ble_tracker/ln882h_ble_tracker.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ln882h_ble_tracker/ln882h_ble_tracker.h
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 
 #include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_hub.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/scan_response_merger.h"
 #include "esphome/components/ln882h_ble/ln882h_ble.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
@@ -26,7 +27,6 @@ namespace esphome::ln882h_ble_tracker {
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 class LN882HBLETracker : public Component,
-                         public ble_device_base::BLEHub,
                          public Parented<ln882h_ble::LN882HBLE>,
                          public ln882h_ble::BLEScanListener
 #ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
@@ -75,15 +75,13 @@ class LN882HBLETracker : public Component,
   void stop_scan();
 
   // ---- ble_device_base::BLEHub contract ----
-  void register_listener(ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener *listener) override {
-#ifdef ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT
-    this->listeners_.push_back(listener);
-#endif
+  void register_listener(ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener *listener) {
+    this->dispatcher_.register_listener(listener);
   }
-  void set_raw_advertisement_callback(ble_device_base::RawAdvertisementCallback callback) override {
-    this->raw_advertisement_callback_ = callback;
+  void set_raw_advertisement_callback(ble_device_base::RawAdvertisementCallback callback) {
+    this->dispatcher_.set_raw_advertisement_callback(callback);
   }
-  ble_device_base::HubCapabilities get_capabilities() const override {
+  static constexpr ble_device_base::HubCapabilities get_capabilities() {
     // The LN882H controller supports active scanning; adv + scan response arrive
     // as separate reports and are merged by this tracker (Bluedroid semantics).
     // The SDK's GATT client is not exposed.
@@ -92,15 +90,15 @@ class LN882HBLETracker : public Component,
   }
   // The controller stores the address LSB-first (BLE convention); the contract
   // wants printable (MSB-first) order.
-  void get_adapter_mac(uint8_t out[6]) override {
-    uint8_t mac[6];
+  void get_adapter_mac(uint8_t out[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE]) {
+    uint8_t mac[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];
     this->parent_->get_mac_lsb_first(mac);
     for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
       out[i] = mac[5 - i];
   }
-  bool scan_running() override { return this->scan_running_; }
-  bool scan_active() override { return this->scan_active_; }
-  bool request_scan_mode(bool active) override;
+  bool scan_running() { return this->scan_running_; }
+  bool scan_active() { return this->scan_active_; }
+  bool request_scan_mode(bool active);
 
   // ---- ln882h_ble::BLEScanListener ----
   // Delivered by the controller's loop() on the ESPHome main task — the
@@ -109,27 +107,11 @@ class LN882HBLETracker : public Component,
   void on_scan_report(const ln882h_ble::BLEScanReport &report) override;
 
  protected:
-  // Bluedroid-style adv + scan-response merging (ESP-IDF concatenates both into
-  // one result before ESPHome sees it; the LN controller reports them separately):
-  // a scannable advertisement is held here briefly, its scan response is appended
-  // on arrival and the pair is delivered as ONE merged frame. Held entries whose
-  // scan response never arrives are flushed by loop() after PENDING_ADV_TIMEOUT_MS.
-  // All of this runs on the main task (the controller queue already crossed tasks),
-  // so no locking is involved.
-  void stash_adv_(const ln882h_ble::BLEScanReport &report);
-  void deliver_scan_rsp_(const ln882h_ble::BLEScanReport &report);
-  // Dispatch one (possibly merged) advertisement: the raw
-  // callback, and — unless raw_only — parsing for listeners/triggers. raw_only
-  // marks unmatched scan-response frames: forwarded on the raw callback only,
-  // never to local sensors/triggers (HA merges per address).
-  void process_adv_(const uint8_t *mac, int8_t rssi, uint8_t addr_type, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t data_len,
-                    bool raw_only);
   void start_scan_();
   void stop_scan_();
   // Close a scan period: flush held advertisements (unmerged) BEFORE
   // on_scan_end fires, then re-anchor the period clock to `now`.
   void end_scan_period_(uint32_t now);
-  void flush_pending_adv_();
 
   bool scan_running_{false};
   bool scan_active_{false};
@@ -148,45 +130,13 @@ class LN882HBLETracker : public Component,
 #endif
   uint32_t scan_start_time_{0};
 
-  // Pending scannable advertisements awaiting their scan response (active scan).
-  // 62 bytes = legacy adv (31) + scan response (31), the same merged maximum as
-  // ESP-IDF delivers on ESP32. Main-task only.
-  struct PendingAdv {
-    bool used{false};
-    uint8_t mac[6];
-    uint8_t addr_type;
-    int8_t rssi;
-    uint8_t data_len;  // <= sizeof(data)
-    uint8_t data[62];
-    uint32_t stored_ms;
-  };
-  // Sized for the unanswered case: a pair that IS answered normally matches
-  // within one queue drain, so a slot is held for the full timeout only by
-  // scannable devices that never reply. 8 concurrent such advertisers before
-  // the merge degrades (frames still delivered, just unmerged) at ~80 B each.
-  static constexpr size_t MAX_PENDING_ADV = 8;
-  // On air a scan response follows its advertisement by T_IFS (150 µs) — the
-  // timeout only covers HOST-side report queuing in rw_task under WiFi/BLE
-  // coexistence, measured on-device at up to ~136 ms. 300 ms = >2x that margin,
-  // while staying below any device's re-advertising period.
-  static constexpr uint32_t PENDING_ADV_TIMEOUT_MS = 300;
-  PendingAdv pending_adv_[MAX_PENDING_ADV];
-  // Occupied pending_adv_ slots — lets loop()'s timeout sweep skip the table
-  // in the common case (empty: passive scan, or every pair already matched).
-  uint8_t pending_count_{0};
+  // Shared adv + scan-response merge and frame dispatch (ble_device_base).
+  // All calls run on the main task (the controller queue already crossed
+  // tasks); the merger is clocked by millis() throughout this tracker.
+  ble_device_base::ScanResponseMerger merger_;
+  ble_device_base::AdvDispatcher dispatcher_;
 
   uint32_t scan_period_start_{0};  // millis() at start of current scan period; used to rate-limit on_scan_end()
-
-  ble_device_base::RawAdvertisementCallback raw_advertisement_callback_{};
-#ifdef ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT
-  // Parsed-advertisement consumers registered through ble_device_base.
-  // Codegen-sized: no heap allocation, no std::vector template instantiations.
-  StaticVector<ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener *, ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT> listeners_;
-  // Per-period "Found device" DEBUG log with MAC dedup — shared implementation
-  // in ble_device_base, identical output on every tracker backend. Guarded like
-  // its only writer so a no-listener build does not carry an unused vector.
-  ble_device_base::DiscoveredDeviceLog discovered_log_{};
-#endif
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::ln882h_ble_tracker
diff --git a/esphome/components/ln882x/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ln882x/__init__.py
index 6da5a4969c..b4e179c4a9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ln882x/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ln882x/__init__.py
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ from esphome.components.libretiny.const import (
     LibreTinyComponent,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .boards import LN882X_BOARD_PINS, LN882X_BOARDS
 
@@ -45,7 +47,7 @@ COMPONENT_DATA = LibreTinyComponent(
 )
 
 
-def _set_core_data(config):
+def _set_core_data(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     CORE.data[KEY_LIBRETINY] = {}
     CORE.data[KEY_LIBRETINY][KEY_COMPONENT_DATA] = COMPONENT_DATA
     return config
@@ -62,12 +64,12 @@ PIN_SCHEMA = libretiny.gpio.BASE_PIN_SCHEMA
 CONFIG_SCHEMA.prepend_extra(_set_core_data)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     return await libretiny.component_to_code(config)
 
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register("ln882x", PIN_SCHEMA)
-async def pin_to_code(config):
+async def pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     return await libretiny.gpio.component_pin_to_code(config)
 
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/lock/__init__.py b/esphome/components/lock/__init__.py
index 0a8ad58bc2..a4a7b5237d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lock/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lock/__init__.py
@@ -12,13 +12,14 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ON_UNLOCK,
     CONF_WEB_SERVER,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import (
     entity_duplicate_validator,
     queue_entity_register,
     setup_entity,
 )
-from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, MockObjClass, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType, SafeExpType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
 IS_PLATFORM_COMPONENT = True
@@ -102,7 +103,7 @@ _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
 
 
 @setup_entity("lock")
-async def _setup_lock_core(var, config):
+async def _setup_lock_core(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await automation.build_callback_automations(var, config, _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS)
 
     if mqtt_id := config.get(CONF_MQTT_ID):
@@ -113,7 +114,7 @@ async def _setup_lock_core(var, config):
         await web_server.add_entity_config(var, web_server_config)
 
 
-async def register_lock(var, config):
+async def register_lock(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if not CORE.has_id(config[CONF_ID]):
         var = cg.Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], var)
     queue_entity_register("lock", config)
@@ -121,7 +122,7 @@ async def register_lock(var, config):
     await _setup_lock_core(var, config)
 
 
-async def new_lock(config, *args):
+async def new_lock(config: ConfigType, *args: SafeExpType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], *args)
     await register_lock(var, config)
     return var
@@ -143,23 +144,38 @@ LOCK_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
 @automation.register_action(
     "lock.open", OpenAction, LOCK_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
-async def lock_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def lock_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
 
 @automation.register_condition("lock.is_locked", LockCondition, LOCK_ACTION_SCHEMA)
-async def lock_is_on_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
+async def lock_is_on_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    condition_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg, paren, True)
 
 
 @automation.register_condition("lock.is_unlocked", LockCondition, LOCK_ACTION_SCHEMA)
-async def lock_is_off_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
+async def lock_is_off_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    condition_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg, paren, False)
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.CORE)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_global(lock_ns.using)
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py b/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py
index f307f5d5d1..07b8b03084 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import re
+from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import automation
 from esphome.automation import LambdaAction, StatelessLambdaAction
@@ -58,7 +59,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     PLATFORM_RTL87XX,
     PlatformFramework,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, Lambda, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID, CoroPriority, Lambda, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
@@ -164,7 +166,7 @@ HARDWARE_UART_TO_SERIAL = {
 is_log_level = cv.one_of(*LOG_LEVELS, upper=True)
 
 
-def uart_selection(value):
+def uart_selection(value: Any) -> str:
     if CORE.is_esp32:
         variant = get_esp32_variant()
         if variant in UART_SELECTION_ESP32:
@@ -187,7 +189,7 @@ def uart_selection(value):
     raise NotImplementedError
 
 
-def validate_local_no_higher_than_global(config):
+def validate_local_no_higher_than_global(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     global_level = config[CONF_LEVEL]
     global_level_index = LOG_LEVEL_SEVERITY.index(global_level)
     errs = []
@@ -204,7 +206,7 @@ def validate_local_no_higher_than_global(config):
     return config
 
 
-def validate_initial_no_higher_than_global(config):
+def validate_initial_no_higher_than_global(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if initial_level := config.get(CONF_INITIAL_LEVEL):
         global_level = config[CONF_LEVEL]
         if LOG_LEVEL_SEVERITY.index(initial_level) > LOG_LEVEL_SEVERITY.index(
@@ -217,7 +219,7 @@ def validate_initial_no_higher_than_global(config):
     return config
 
 
-def validate_wait_for_cdc(config):
+def validate_wait_for_cdc(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if config.get(CONF_WAIT_FOR_CDC) and config.get(CONF_HARDWARE_UART) != USB_CDC:
         raise cv.Invalid("wait_for_cdc requires hardware_uart: USB_CDC")
     return config
@@ -518,7 +520,7 @@ async def _late_logger_init(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     CORE.add_job(final_step)
 
 
-def validate_printf(value):
+def validate_printf(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/30011379/how-can-i-parse-a-c-format-string-in-python
     cfmt = r"""
     (                                   # start of capture group 1
@@ -559,7 +561,12 @@ LOGGER_LOG_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 @automation.register_action(
     CONF_LOGGER_LOG, LambdaAction, LOGGER_LOG_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
-async def logger_log_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def logger_log_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     esp_log = LOG_LEVEL_TO_ESP_LOG[config[CONF_LEVEL]]
     args_ = [cg.RawExpression(str(x)) for x in config[CONF_ARGS]]
 
@@ -584,7 +591,12 @@ async def logger_log_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def logger_set_level_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def logger_set_level_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     level = LOG_LEVELS[config[CONF_LEVEL]]
     logger = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LOGGER_ID])
     if tag := config.get(CONF_TAG):
@@ -656,7 +668,7 @@ def request_log_listener() -> None:
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.FINAL)
-async def final_step():
+async def final_step() -> None:
     """Final code generation step to configure optional logger features."""
     domain_data = CORE.data.get(DOMAIN, {})
     if domain_data.get(KEY_LEVEL_LISTENERS, False):
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp b/esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp
index 6527b6aa8c..bfc005070e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp
@@ -201,17 +201,10 @@ void Logger::process_messages_() {
 #endif  // USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER
 }
 
-void Logger::set_baud_rate(uint32_t baud_rate) { this->baud_rate_ = baud_rate; }
 #ifdef USE_LOGGER_RUNTIME_TAG_LEVELS
 void Logger::set_log_level(const char *tag, uint8_t log_level) { this->log_levels_[tag] = log_level; }
 #endif
 
-#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
-UARTSelection Logger::get_uart() const { return this->uart_; }
-#endif
-
-float Logger::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::BUS + 500.0f; }
-
 // Log level strings - packed into flash on ESP8266, indexed by log level (0-7)
 PROGMEM_STRING_TABLE(LogLevelStrings, "NONE", "ERROR", "WARN", "INFO", "CONFIG", "DEBUG", "VERBOSE", "VERY_VERBOSE");
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/logger.h b/esphome/components/logger/logger.h
index 69d8e6d32a..9c26814f7e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/logger.h
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/logger.h
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ class Logger final : public Component {
   void loop() override;
 #endif
   /// Manually set the baud rate for serial, set to 0 to disable.
-  void set_baud_rate(uint32_t baud_rate);
+  void set_baud_rate(uint32_t baud_rate) { this->baud_rate_ = baud_rate; }
   uint32_t get_baud_rate() const { return baud_rate_; }
 #if defined(USE_ARDUINO) && !defined(USE_ESP32)
   Stream *get_hw_serial() const { return hw_serial_; }
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ class Logger final : public Component {
 #if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
   void set_uart_selection(UARTSelection uart_selection) { uart_ = uart_selection; }
   /// Get the UART used by the logger.
-  UARTSelection get_uart() const;
+  UARTSelection get_uart() const { return this->uart_; }
 #endif
 
   /// Set the default log level for this logger.
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ class Logger final : public Component {
   void add_level_listener(LoggerLevelListener *listener) { this->level_listeners_.push_back(listener); }
 #endif
 
-  float get_setup_priority() const override;
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::BUS + 500.0f; }
 
   void log_vprintf_(uint8_t level, const char *tag, int line, const char *format, va_list args);  // NOLINT
 #ifdef USE_STORE_LOG_STR_IN_FLASH
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/select/__init__.py b/esphome/components/logger/select/__init__.py
index 6ce663978e..00f67422f3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/select/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/select/__init__.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_LEVEL, CONF_LOGGER, ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG, ICON_BUG
 from esphome.core import CORE
 from esphome.cpp_helpers import register_component, register_parented
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     CONF_LOGGER_ID,
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = select.select_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     request_logger_level_listeners()
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LOGGER_ID])
     levels = list(LOG_LEVELS)
diff --git a/esphome/components/lps22/sensor.py b/esphome/components/lps22/sensor.py
index 08e97ee7b7..2eec2c586c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lps22/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lps22/sensor.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_HECTOPASCAL,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@nagisa"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/lsm6ds/motion.py b/esphome/components/lsm6ds/motion.py
index 8c2c5198ea..064cd312a9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lsm6ds/motion.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lsm6ds/motion.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.components.const import (
 )
 from esphome.components.motion import motion_schema, new_motion_component
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import LSM6DSComponent, lsm6ds_ns
 
@@ -93,7 +94,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 
 
 # ── Code generation ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await new_motion_component(config)
 
     # Let the motion platform handle sensor wiring, axis mapping, and polling
diff --git a/esphome/components/lsm6ds/sensor.py b/esphome/components/lsm6ds/sensor.py
index 980e84a2e9..c0c37f8527 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lsm6ds/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lsm6ds/sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_LSM6DS_ID, LSM6DSComponent
 
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = sensor.sensor_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LSM6DS_ID])
     data = MockObj("data")
diff --git a/esphome/components/ltr390/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ltr390/sensor.py
index 37fceaf984..c3ac90ad11 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ltr390/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ltr390/sensor.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_LUX,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@sjtrny", "@latonita"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -117,7 +118,7 @@ TYPES = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ltr501/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ltr501/sensor.py
index c1fa9009b3..c2091a6336 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ltr501/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ltr501/sensor.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
@@ -24,6 +26,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_LUX,
     UNIT_MILLISECOND,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@latonita"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -87,17 +90,17 @@ PS_GAINS = {
 }
 
 
-def validate_integration_time(value):
+def validate_integration_time(value: Any) -> Any:
     value = cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds(value).total_milliseconds
     return cv.enum(INTEGRATION_TIMES, int=True)(value)
 
 
-def validate_repeat_rate(value):
+def validate_repeat_rate(value: Any) -> Any:
     value = cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds(value).total_milliseconds
     return cv.enum(MEASUREMENT_REPEAT_RATES, int=True)(value)
 
 
-def validate_time_and_repeat_rate(config):
+def validate_time_and_repeat_rate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     integraton_time = config[CONF_INTEGRATION_TIME]
     repeat_rate = config[CONF_REPEAT]
     if integraton_time > repeat_rate:
@@ -107,7 +110,7 @@ def validate_time_and_repeat_rate(config):
     return config
 
 
-def validate_als_gain_and_integration_time(config):
+def validate_als_gain_and_integration_time(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     integraton_time = config[CONF_INTEGRATION_TIME]
     if config[CONF_GAIN] == "1X" and integraton_time > 100:
         raise cv.Invalid(
@@ -221,7 +224,7 @@ _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ltr_als_ps/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ltr_als_ps/sensor.py
index 893415f028..af09282e2d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ltr_als_ps/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ltr_als_ps/sensor.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
@@ -23,6 +25,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_LUX,
     UNIT_MILLISECOND,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@latonita"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -93,17 +96,17 @@ PS_GAINS = {
 }
 
 
-def validate_integration_time(value):
+def validate_integration_time(value: Any) -> Any:
     value = cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds(value).total_milliseconds
     return cv.enum(INTEGRATION_TIMES, int=True)(value)
 
 
-def validate_repeat_rate(value):
+def validate_repeat_rate(value: Any) -> Any:
     value = cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds(value).total_milliseconds
     return cv.enum(MEASUREMENT_REPEAT_RATES, int=True)(value)
 
 
-def validate_time_and_repeat_rate(config):
+def validate_time_and_repeat_rate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     integraton_time = config[CONF_INTEGRATION_TIME]
     repeat_rate = config[CONF_REPEAT]
     if integraton_time > repeat_rate:
@@ -211,7 +214,7 @@ _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/__init__.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/__init__.py
index bfe91eedd5..2d2f1d6288 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/__init__.py
@@ -57,7 +57,6 @@ from .defines import (
     CONF_ALIGN_TO_LAMBDA_ID,
     CONF_ANIMATIONS,
     LOGGER,
-    add_lv_use,
     get_focused_widgets,
     get_lv_images_used,
     get_refreshed_widgets,
@@ -74,7 +73,6 @@ from .keypads import KEYPADS_CONFIG, keypads_to_code
 from .lv_validation import lv_bool
 from .lvcode import LvContext, LvglComponent, lv_event_t_ptr, lvgl_static
 from .schemas import (
-    BASE_PROPS,
     DISP_BG_SCHEMA,
     FULL_STYLE_SCHEMA,
     SET_STATE_SCHEMA,
@@ -83,6 +81,7 @@ from .schemas import (
     STYLE_SCHEMA,
     WIDGET_TYPES,
     any_widget_schema,
+    apply_style_driven_defines,
     container_schema,
     container_schema_value,
     theme_schema,
@@ -108,7 +107,6 @@ from .widgets import (
     get_screen_active,
     set_obj_properties,
 )
-from .widgets.img import CONF_IMAGE
 
 # Import only what we actually use directly in this file
 from .widgets.msgbox import MSGBOX_SCHEMA, msgboxes_to_code
@@ -455,6 +453,15 @@ async def to_code(configs):
     # Mark all widgets as completed so awaiters of ``wait_for_widgets`` proceed.
     set_widgets_completed(True)
     async with LvContext():
+        # Local import: lv_list imports meter, which imports obj_spec/set_obj_properties
+        # from this module's own namespace - a top-level import here would be circular.
+        from .widgets.lv_list import finish_list_triggers
+
+        # Must run before generate_triggers(): that's what actually processes other
+        # widgets' on_click etc. automations, which can include lvgl.list.add/remove/
+        # clear actions that fire a list's on_add/on_remove triggers - those need to
+        # already exist by then, not still be pending.
+        await finish_list_triggers()
         await generate_triggers()
         await generate_align_tos(configs[0])
         for config in configs:
@@ -481,34 +488,16 @@ async def to_code(configs):
 
     # This must be done after all widgets are created
     styles_used = df.get_styles_used()
-    if any(BASE_PROPS.get(x) is lvalid.lv_image for x in styles_used):
-        add_lv_use(CONF_IMAGE)
+    apply_style_driven_defines(styles_used)
     for use in df.get_lv_uses():
         df.add_define(f"LV_USE_{use.upper()}")
         cg.add_define(f"USE_LVGL_{use.upper()}")
 
-    if {
-        "transform_rotation",
-        "transform_scale",
-        "transform_scale_x",
-        "transform_scale_y",
-    } & styles_used:
-        df.add_define("LV_COLOR_SCREEN_TRANSP", "1")
-
     if configs[0].get(df.CONF_THEME, {}).get(df.CONF_DARK_MODE):
         df.add_define("LV_THEME_DEFAULT_DARK", "1")
 
     # Currently always need RGB565 for the display buffer, and ARGB8888 is used for layer blending
     lv_image_formats = {"RGB565", "ARGB8888"}
-    if {
-        "drop_shadow_color",
-        "drop_shadow_offset_x",
-        "drop_shadow_offset_y",
-        "drop_shadow_opa",
-        "drop_shadow_quality",
-        "drop_shadow_radius",
-    } & styles_used:
-        lv_image_formats.add("A8")
 
     for image_id in get_lv_images_used():
         await cg.get_variable(image_id)
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/automation.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/automation.py
index cad065adee..a62f466413 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/automation.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/automation.py
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ async def obj_set_z_index_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
                 widget.obj, literal(f"{lv_expr.obj_get_index(widget.obj)} + 1")
             )
         elif position == "DOWN":
-            with LvConditional(f"{lv_expr.obj_get_index(widget.obj)} > 0"):
+            with LvConditional(literal(f"{lv_expr.obj_get_index(widget.obj)} > 0")):
                 lv_obj.move_to_index(
                     widget.obj, literal(f"{lv_expr.obj_get_index(widget.obj)} - 1")
                 )
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/defines.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/defines.py
index 65e975ad6d..1eee8041f9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/defines.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/defines.py
@@ -483,6 +483,7 @@ LV_ANIM = LvConstant(
 
 LV_GRAD_DIR = LvConstant("LV_GRAD_DIR_", "NONE", "HOR", "VER")
 LV_DITHER = LvConstant("LV_DITHER_", "NONE", "ORDERED", "ERR_DIFF")
+LV_GRAD_EXTEND = LvConstant("LV_GRAD_EXTEND_", "PAD", "REPEAT", "REFLECT")
 
 LV_LOG_LEVELS = {
     "VERBOSE": "TRACE",
@@ -585,6 +586,21 @@ FLEX_FLOWS = LvConstant(
     "COLUMN_WRAP_REVERSE",
 )
 
+TRANSFORM_STYLE_PROPS = frozenset(
+    {"transform_rotation", "transform_scale", "transform_scale_x", "transform_scale_y"}
+)
+
+DROP_SHADOW_STYLE_PROPS = frozenset(
+    {
+        "drop_shadow_color",
+        "drop_shadow_offset_x",
+        "drop_shadow_offset_y",
+        "drop_shadow_opa",
+        "drop_shadow_quality",
+        "drop_shadow_radius",
+    }
+)
+
 OBJ_FLAGS = (
     "hidden",
     "clickable",
@@ -612,10 +628,6 @@ OBJ_FLAGS = (
     "send_draw_task_events",
     "widget_1",
     "widget_2",
-    "user_1",
-    "user_2",
-    "user_3",
-    "user_4",
 )
 LV_OBJ_FLAG = LvConstant("LV_OBJ_FLAG_", *OBJ_FLAGS)
 
@@ -889,7 +901,7 @@ LV_COLOR_FORMATS = (
 
 LV_DEFINES = (
     "LV_USE_FREERTOS_TASK_NOTIFY", "LV_DRAW_BUF_STRIDE_ALIGN", "LV_USE_DRAW_SW", "LV_DRAW_SW_DRAW_UNIT_CNT",
-    "LV_DRAW_SW_COMPLEX", "LV_USE_DRAW_PXP", "LV_USE_PXP_DRAW_THREAD", "LV_USE_DRAW_G2D",
+    "LV_DRAW_SW_COMPLEX", "LV_USE_DRAW_SW_COMPLEX_GRADIENTS", "LV_USE_DRAW_PXP", "LV_USE_PXP_DRAW_THREAD", "LV_USE_DRAW_G2D",
     "LV_USE_G2D_DRAW_THREAD", "LV_VG_LITE_USE_BOX_SHADOW", "LV_VG_LITE_THORVG_16PIXELS_ALIGN", "LV_LOG_USE_TIMESTAMP",
     "LV_LOG_USE_FILE_LINE", "LV_USE_OBJ_ID_BUILTIN", "LV_USE_OBJ_PROPERTY_NAME", "LV_ATTRIBUTE_MEM_ALIGN_SIZE",
     "LV_FONT_MONTSERRAT_14", "LV_USE_FONT_PLACEHOLDER", "LV_WIDGETS_HAS_DEFAULT_VALUE", "LV_USE_ARCLABEL",
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/gradient.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/gradient.py
index 2f1be20772..8db183fabe 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/gradient.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/gradient.py
@@ -13,18 +13,40 @@ from esphome.core import ID
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
 
 from .defines import (
+    CONF_END_ANGLE,
     CONF_GRADIENTS,
     CONF_OPA,
+    CONF_START_ANGLE,
     LV_DITHER,
+    LV_GRAD_EXTEND,
     add_define,
     add_lv_use,
     add_warning,
 )
-from .lv_validation import lv_color, lv_percentage, opacity
+from .lv_validation import (
+    lv_angle_degrees,
+    lv_color,
+    lv_percentage,
+    opacity,
+    pixels_or_percent,
+)
 from .lvcode import lv
 from .types import lv_color_t, lv_gradient_t, lv_opa_t
 
 CONF_STOPS = "stops"
+CONF_LINEAR = "linear"
+CONF_RADIAL = "radial"
+CONF_CONICAL = "conical"
+CONF_EXTEND = "extend"
+CONF_FROM_X = "from_x"
+CONF_FROM_Y = "from_y"
+CONF_TO_X = "to_x"
+CONF_TO_Y = "to_y"
+CONF_CENTER_X = "center_x"
+CONF_CENTER_Y = "center_y"
+CONF_FOCAL_X = "focal_x"
+CONF_FOCAL_Y = "focal_y"
+CONF_FOCAL_RADIUS = "focal_radius"
 
 
 def min_stops(value):
@@ -33,27 +55,109 @@ def min_stops(value):
     return value
 
 
+STOPS_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    [
+        cv.Schema(
+            {
+                cv.Required(CONF_COLOR): lv_color,
+                cv.Optional(CONF_OPA, default=1.0): opacity,
+                cv.Required(CONF_POSITION): lv_percentage,
+            }
+        )
+    ],
+    min_stops,
+)
+
+LINEAR_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Required(CONF_FROM_X): pixels_or_percent,
+        cv.Required(CONF_FROM_Y): pixels_or_percent,
+        cv.Required(CONF_TO_X): pixels_or_percent,
+        cv.Required(CONF_TO_Y): pixels_or_percent,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_EXTEND, default="PAD"): LV_GRAD_EXTEND.one_of,
+    }
+)
+
+RADIAL_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Required(CONF_CENTER_X): pixels_or_percent,
+        cv.Required(CONF_CENTER_Y): pixels_or_percent,
+        cv.Required(CONF_TO_X): pixels_or_percent,
+        cv.Required(CONF_TO_Y): pixels_or_percent,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_FOCAL_X): pixels_or_percent,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_FOCAL_Y): pixels_or_percent,
+        # No default: gradient_validator() must be able to tell whether this was actually
+        # given, to require it alongside focal_x/focal_y rather than silently drop it.
+        # LVGL's lv_grad_radial_set_focal() takes this as a scalar, not lv_pct() -
+        # unlike every other coordinate here, a percentage is not accepted.
+        cv.Optional(CONF_FOCAL_RADIUS): cv.positive_int,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_EXTEND, default="PAD"): LV_GRAD_EXTEND.one_of,
+    }
+)
+
+CONICAL_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Required(CONF_CENTER_X): pixels_or_percent,
+        cv.Required(CONF_CENTER_Y): pixels_or_percent,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_START_ANGLE, default=0): lv_angle_degrees,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_END_ANGLE, default=360): lv_angle_degrees,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_EXTEND, default="PAD"): LV_GRAD_EXTEND.one_of,
+    }
+)
+
+
+def gradient_validator(config):
+    direction = config[CONF_DIRECTION]
+    for gradient_direction, key in (
+        ("LINEAR", CONF_LINEAR),
+        ("RADIAL", CONF_RADIAL),
+        ("CONICAL", CONF_CONICAL),
+    ):
+        if direction == gradient_direction:
+            if key not in config:
+                raise cv.Invalid(
+                    f"'{key}' is required for {gradient_direction} gradient direction"
+                )
+        elif key in config:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"'{key}' is only valid with 'direction: {gradient_direction}'"
+            )
+    if CONF_RADIAL in config:
+        radial = config[CONF_RADIAL]
+        has_focal_x = CONF_FOCAL_X in radial
+        has_focal_y = CONF_FOCAL_Y in radial
+        has_focal_radius = CONF_FOCAL_RADIUS in radial
+        if has_focal_x != has_focal_y or (has_focal_radius and not has_focal_x):
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                "'focal_x', 'focal_y' and 'focal_radius' must be specified together "
+                "in 'radial'"
+            )
+    return config
+
+
 GRADIENT_SCHEMA = cv.ensure_list(
-    cv.Schema(
-        {
-            cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(lv_gradient_t),
-            cv.Required(CONF_DIRECTION): cv.one_of(
-                "HOR", "HORIZONTAL", "VER", "VERTICAL", upper=True
-            ),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_DITHER): LV_DITHER.one_of,
-            cv.Required(CONF_STOPS): cv.All(
-                [
-                    cv.Schema(
-                        {
-                            cv.Required(CONF_COLOR): lv_color,
-                            cv.Optional(CONF_OPA, default=1.0): opacity,
-                            cv.Required(CONF_POSITION): lv_percentage,
-                        }
-                    )
-                ],
-                min_stops,
-            ),
-        }
+    cv.All(
+        cv.Schema(
+            {
+                cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(lv_gradient_t),
+                cv.Required(CONF_DIRECTION): cv.one_of(
+                    "HOR",
+                    "HORIZONTAL",
+                    "VER",
+                    "VERTICAL",
+                    "LINEAR",
+                    "RADIAL",
+                    "CONICAL",
+                    upper=True,
+                ),
+                cv.Optional(CONF_DITHER): LV_DITHER.one_of,
+                cv.Optional(CONF_LINEAR): LINEAR_SCHEMA,
+                cv.Optional(CONF_RADIAL): RADIAL_SCHEMA,
+                cv.Optional(CONF_CONICAL): CONICAL_SCHEMA,
+                cv.Required(CONF_STOPS): STOPS_SCHEMA,
+            }
+        ),
+        gradient_validator,
     )
 )
 
@@ -65,15 +169,60 @@ async def gradients_to_code(config):
         add_warning(
             "The 'dither' option for gradients is not supported by LVGL 9.x and will be ignored"
         )
+    if any(
+        x[CONF_DIRECTION] in ("LINEAR", "RADIAL", "CONICAL")
+        for x in config.get(CONF_GRADIENTS, ())
+    ):
+        # LVGL's software renderer only draws these gradient types when this is enabled; without
+        # it they silently fall back to a plain horizontal gradient.
+        add_define("LV_USE_DRAW_SW_COMPLEX_GRADIENTS")
     for gradient in config.get(CONF_GRADIENTS, ()):
         var = MockObj(cg.new_Pvariable(gradient[CONF_ID]), "->")
         idbase = gradient[CONF_ID].id
         stops = sorted(gradient[CONF_STOPS], key=itemgetter(CONF_POSITION))
         max_stops = max(max_stops, len(stops))
-        if gradient[CONF_DIRECTION].startswith("VER"):
+        direction = gradient[CONF_DIRECTION]
+        if direction.startswith("VER"):
             lv.grad_vertical_init(var)
-        else:
+        elif direction.startswith("HOR"):
             lv.grad_horizontal_init(var)
+        elif direction == "LINEAR":
+            linear = gradient[CONF_LINEAR]
+            lv.grad_linear_init(
+                var,
+                await pixels_or_percent.process(linear[CONF_FROM_X]),
+                await pixels_or_percent.process(linear[CONF_FROM_Y]),
+                await pixels_or_percent.process(linear[CONF_TO_X]),
+                await pixels_or_percent.process(linear[CONF_TO_Y]),
+                await LV_GRAD_EXTEND.process(linear[CONF_EXTEND]),
+            )
+        elif direction == "RADIAL":
+            radial = gradient[CONF_RADIAL]
+            lv.grad_radial_init(
+                var,
+                await pixels_or_percent.process(radial[CONF_CENTER_X]),
+                await pixels_or_percent.process(radial[CONF_CENTER_Y]),
+                await pixels_or_percent.process(radial[CONF_TO_X]),
+                await pixels_or_percent.process(radial[CONF_TO_Y]),
+                await LV_GRAD_EXTEND.process(radial[CONF_EXTEND]),
+            )
+            if CONF_FOCAL_X in radial:
+                lv.grad_radial_set_focal(
+                    var,
+                    await pixels_or_percent.process(radial[CONF_FOCAL_X]),
+                    await pixels_or_percent.process(radial[CONF_FOCAL_Y]),
+                    radial.get(CONF_FOCAL_RADIUS, 0),
+                )
+        elif direction == "CONICAL":
+            conical = gradient[CONF_CONICAL]
+            lv.grad_conical_init(
+                var,
+                await pixels_or_percent.process(conical[CONF_CENTER_X]),
+                await pixels_or_percent.process(conical[CONF_CENTER_Y]),
+                await lv_angle_degrees.process(conical[CONF_START_ANGLE]),
+                await lv_angle_degrees.process(conical[CONF_END_ANGLE]),
+                await LV_GRAD_EXTEND.process(conical[CONF_EXTEND]),
+            )
         stop_colors = cg.static_const_array(
             ID(idbase + "_colors_", type=lv_color_t),
             [await lv_color.process(x[CONF_COLOR]) for x in stops],
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/lvcode.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/lvcode.py
index de00593773..850b63a26f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/lvcode.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/lvcode.py
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ class LocalVariable(MockObj):
                     self.base.type, self.modifier, self.base.id
                 )
             )
-        return MockObj(self.base)
+        return MockObj(self.base, "->" if self.modifier == "*" else ".")
 
     def __exit__(self, *args):
         CodeContext.end_block()
@@ -283,7 +283,15 @@ class MockLv:
 
 class LvConditional:
     def __init__(self, condition):
-        self.condition = condition
+        # Condition is embedded directly into a raw `if (...)` statement below, rather than
+        # going through the argument-list machinery (ExpressionList) that would otherwise
+        # convert a native Python value (e.g. a plain bool) to a proper Expression.
+        if isinstance(condition, str):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "LvConditional condition must not be a raw str; wrap it in literal() "
+                "if a string literal condition is really intended"
+            )
+        self.condition = cg.safe_exp(condition) if condition is not None else None
 
     def __enter__(self):
         if self.condition is not None:
@@ -303,6 +311,35 @@ class LvConditional:
         CodeContext.code_context.indent()
 
 
+class LvCountdown:
+    """
+    Emits a C++ `for` loop that counts an int variable down from `count - 1` to `0` inclusive.
+    Used to iterate over a widget's children in reverse, e.g. to fire a trigger once per child
+    before they're all removed.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, var_name: str, count):
+        self.var_name = var_name
+        self.count = count
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        # Cast explicitly rather than relying on `count`'s (typically unsigned) type to wrap
+        # and then narrow back to a negative int when count is 0 -- true in practice on every
+        # toolchain ESPHome targets, but not worth leaning on.
+        CodeContext.append(
+            RawStatement(
+                f"for (int {self.var_name} = (int) ({self.count}) - 1; {self.var_name} >= 0; "
+                f"{self.var_name}--) {{"
+            )
+        )
+        CodeContext.code_context.indent()
+        return literal(self.var_name)
+
+    def __exit__(self, *args):
+        CodeContext.code_context.detent()
+        CodeContext.append(RawStatement("}"))
+
+
 class ReturnStatement(ExpressionStatement):
     def __str__(self):
         return f"return {self.expression};"
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.cpp b/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.cpp
index b66a904437..2c988473a9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.cpp
@@ -208,21 +208,21 @@ void LvglComponent::esphome_lvgl_init() {
   lv_update_event = static_cast<lv_event_code_t>(lv_event_register_id());
 }
 
-void LvglComponent::add_event_cb(lv_obj_t *obj, event_callback_t callback, lv_event_code_t event) {
-  lv_obj_add_event_cb(obj, callback, event, nullptr);
+void LvglComponent::add_event_cb(lv_obj_t *obj, event_callback_t callback, lv_event_code_t event, void *user_data) {
+  lv_obj_add_event_cb(obj, callback, event, user_data);
 }
 
 void LvglComponent::add_event_cb(lv_obj_t *obj, event_callback_t callback, lv_event_code_t event1,
-                                 lv_event_code_t event2) {
-  add_event_cb(obj, callback, event1);
-  add_event_cb(obj, callback, event2);
+                                 lv_event_code_t event2, void *user_data) {
+  add_event_cb(obj, callback, event1, user_data);
+  add_event_cb(obj, callback, event2, user_data);
 }
 
 void LvglComponent::add_event_cb(lv_obj_t *obj, event_callback_t callback, lv_event_code_t event1,
-                                 lv_event_code_t event2, lv_event_code_t event3) {
-  add_event_cb(obj, callback, event1);
-  add_event_cb(obj, callback, event2);
-  add_event_cb(obj, callback, event3);
+                                 lv_event_code_t event2, lv_event_code_t event3, void *user_data) {
+  add_event_cb(obj, callback, event1, user_data);
+  add_event_cb(obj, callback, event2, user_data);
+  add_event_cb(obj, callback, event3, user_data);
 }
 
 void LvglComponent::add_page(LvPageType *page) {
@@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ LVTouchListener::LVTouchListener(uint16_t long_press_time, uint16_t long_press_r
   lv_indev_set_type(this->drv_, LV_INDEV_TYPE_POINTER);
   lv_indev_set_disp(this->drv_, parent->get_disp());
   lv_indev_set_long_press_time(this->drv_, long_press_time);
-  // long press repeat time TBD
+  lv_indev_set_long_press_repeat_time(this->drv_, long_press_repeat_time);
   lv_indev_set_user_data(this->drv_, this);
   lv_indev_set_read_cb(this->drv_, [](lv_indev_t *d, lv_indev_data_t *data) {
     auto *l = static_cast<LVTouchListener *>(lv_indev_get_user_data(d));
@@ -525,6 +525,52 @@ void IndicatorLine::update_length_() {
 }
 #endif
 
+#ifdef USE_LVGL_TABLE
+uint32_t lv_table_get_selected_row(lv_obj_t *obj) {
+  uint32_t row;
+  uint32_t column;
+  lv_table_get_selected_cell(obj, &row, &column);
+  return row;
+}
+
+uint32_t lv_table_get_selected_column(lv_obj_t *obj) {
+  uint32_t row;
+  uint32_t column;
+  lv_table_get_selected_cell(obj, &row, &column);
+  return column;
+}
+
+void LvTableType::set_obj(lv_obj_t *lv_obj) {
+  LvCompound::set_obj(lv_obj);
+  lv_obj_add_event_cb(
+      lv_obj,
+      [](lv_event_t *e) {
+        auto *table = static_cast<LvTableType *>(lv_event_get_user_data(e));
+        table->update_column_widths_();
+      },
+      LV_EVENT_SIZE_CHANGED, this);
+}
+
+void LvTableType::add_column_width_pct(uint32_t col, uint8_t pct) {
+  for (auto &i : this->column_pct_) {
+    if (i.col == col) {
+      i.pct = pct;
+      this->update_column_widths_();
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  this->column_pct_.push_back({col, pct});
+  this->update_column_widths_();
+}
+
+void LvTableType::update_column_widths_() {
+  auto content_width = lv_obj_get_content_width(this->obj);
+  for (const auto &col : this->column_pct_) {
+    lv_table_set_column_width(this->obj, col.col, content_width * col.pct / 100);
+  }
+}
+#endif  // USE_LVGL_TABLE
+
 #ifdef USE_LVGL_KEY_LISTENER
 LVEncoderListener::LVEncoderListener(lv_indev_type_t type, uint16_t long_press_time, uint16_t long_press_repeat_time) {
   this->drv_ = lv_indev_create();
@@ -551,21 +597,21 @@ std::string LvSelectable::get_selected_text() {
   return this->options_[selected];
 }
 
-static std::string join_string(std::vector<std::string> options) {
+static std::string join_string(const FixedVector<const char *> &options) {
   return std::accumulate(
       options.begin(), options.end(), std::string(),
-      [](const std::string &a, const std::string &b) -> std::string { return a + (!a.empty() ? "\n" : "") + b; });
+      [](const std::string &a, const char *b) -> std::string { return a + (!a.empty() ? "\n" : "") + b; });
 }
 
 void LvSelectable::set_selected_text(const std::string &text, lv_anim_enable_t anim) {
-  auto index = std::find(this->options_.begin(), this->options_.end(), text);
+  auto *index = std::find(this->options_.begin(), this->options_.end(), text);
   if (index != this->options_.end()) {
     this->set_selected_index(index - this->options_.begin(), anim);
     lv_obj_send_event(this->obj, lv_update_event, nullptr);
   }
 }
 
-void LvSelectable::set_options(std::vector<std::string> options) {
+void LvSelectable::set_options(FixedVector<const char *> options) {
   auto index = this->get_selected_index();
   if (index >= options.size())
     index = options.size() - 1;
@@ -963,6 +1009,25 @@ lv_obj_t *lv_container_create(lv_obj_t *parent) {
   lv_obj_class_init_obj(obj);
   return obj;
 }
+
+#ifdef USE_LVGL_LIST
+int lv_list_get_row_index(lv_obj_t *list, lv_obj_t *child) {
+  for (lv_obj_t *obj = child; obj != nullptr; obj = lv_obj_get_parent(obj)) {
+    if (lv_obj_get_parent(obj) == list)
+      return lv_obj_get_index(obj);
+  }
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "lvgl.list: entry is not inside the list it was added to");
+  return -1;
+}
+
+lv_obj_t *lv_list_get_row_for_remove(lv_obj_t *list, int index) {
+  lv_obj_t *child = index < 0 ? nullptr : lv_obj_get_child(list, index);
+  if (child == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "lvgl.list.remove: index %d is out of range, ignoring", index);
+  }
+  return child;
+}
+#endif  // USE_LVGL_LIST
 }  // namespace esphome::lvgl
 
 lv_result_t lv_mem_test_core() { return LV_RESULT_OK; }
@@ -994,8 +1059,9 @@ static void *lv_alloc_draw_buf(size_t size, bool internal) {
   void *buffer;
   size = LV_ROUND_UP(size, LV_DRAW_BUF_ALIGN);
   buffer = heap_caps_aligned_alloc(LV_DRAW_BUF_ALIGN, size, internal ? MALLOC_CAP_8BIT : cap_bits);  // NOLINT
-  if (buffer == nullptr)
+  if (buffer == nullptr) {
     ESP_LOGW(esphome::lvgl::TAG, "Failed to allocate %zu bytes for %sdraw buffer", size, internal ? "internal " : "");
+  }
   return buffer;
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.h b/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.h
index 9221ab9542..8b7397c4cd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.h
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.h
@@ -58,6 +58,10 @@ lv_obj_t *lv_container_create(lv_obj_t *parent);
 void lv_scale_draw_event_cb(lv_event_t *e, int16_t range_start, int16_t range_end, lv_color_t color_start,
                             lv_color_t color_end, int width, bool local);
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_LVGL_TABLE
+uint32_t lv_table_get_selected_row(lv_obj_t *obj);
+uint32_t lv_table_get_selected_column(lv_obj_t *obj);
+#endif
 #if LV_COLOR_DEPTH == 16
 static const display::ColorBitness LV_BITNESS = display::ColorBitness::COLOR_BITNESS_565;
 #elif LV_COLOR_DEPTH == 32
@@ -116,6 +120,18 @@ inline void lv_animimg_set_src(lv_obj_t *img, std::vector<image::Image *> images
 int16_t lv_get_needle_angle_for_value(lv_obj_t *obj, int32_t value);
 #endif
 
+#ifdef USE_LVGL_LIST
+// Returns the index, within `list`, of the entry that contains `child`: `child` itself if it's a
+// direct child of `list`, or the ancestor of `child` that is, when `child` is nested inside a
+// widget hierarchy added via `lvgl.list.add`. Returns -1 if `child` isn't inside `list` at all.
+int lv_list_get_row_index(lv_obj_t *list, lv_obj_t *child);
+
+// Returns the entry at `index` within `list`, or nullptr (logging why) if `index` is out of
+// range -- shared by every `lvgl.list.remove` call site, since a templatable index can go out of
+// range at runtime in ways config validation can't catch (e.g. driven by a sensor value).
+lv_obj_t *lv_list_get_row_for_remove(lv_obj_t *list, int index);
+#endif
+
 #ifdef USE_LVGL_GRADIENT
 /**
  *
@@ -135,6 +151,12 @@ class LvCompound {
   lv_obj_t *obj{};
 };
 
+// Frees a heap-allocated LvCompound wrapper on LV_EVENT_DELETE, since lv_obj_del() only knows how to destroy LVGL's own
+// object tree, not a separate C++ object paired with one of its nodes.
+template<typename T> void delete_lv_compound_on_delete(lv_event_t *e) {
+  delete static_cast<T *>(lv_event_get_user_data(e));
+}
+
 class LvglComponent;
 
 class LvPageType : public Parented<LvglComponent> {
@@ -241,10 +263,11 @@ class LvglComponent final : public PollingComponent {
   static void esphome_lvgl_init();
 
   //  Convenience overloads for adding a callback for one or more events
-  static void add_event_cb(lv_obj_t *obj, event_callback_t callback, lv_event_code_t event);
-  static void add_event_cb(lv_obj_t *obj, event_callback_t callback, lv_event_code_t event1, lv_event_code_t event2);
+  static void add_event_cb(lv_obj_t *obj, event_callback_t callback, lv_event_code_t event, void *user_data = nullptr);
   static void add_event_cb(lv_obj_t *obj, event_callback_t callback, lv_event_code_t event1, lv_event_code_t event2,
-                           lv_event_code_t event3);
+                           void *user_data = nullptr);
+  static void add_event_cb(lv_obj_t *obj, event_callback_t callback, lv_event_code_t event1, lv_event_code_t event2,
+                           lv_event_code_t event3, void *user_data = nullptr);
 
   // change the state of a widget and fire an event if changed (only needed for CHECKED)
 
@@ -492,6 +515,27 @@ class LvLineType : public LvCompound {
   FixedVector<lv_point_precise_t> points_{};
 };
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_LVGL_TABLE
+// Unlike most size properties, lv_table_set_column_width() only accepts a literal pixel
+// count, so percentage column widths must be recomputed by hand whenever the table's own
+// content width changes.
+class LvTableType : public LvCompound {
+ public:
+  void set_obj(lv_obj_t *lv_obj) override;
+  // count is the number of percentage-width columns, known at code-generation time.
+  void init_column_pct(size_t count) { this->column_pct_.init(count); }
+  void add_column_width_pct(uint32_t col, uint8_t pct);
+
+ protected:
+  void update_column_widths_();
+
+  struct ColumnPct {
+    uint32_t col;
+    uint8_t pct;
+  };
+  FixedVector<ColumnPct> column_pct_{};
+};
+#endif  // USE_LVGL_TABLE
 #if defined(USE_LVGL_DROPDOWN) || defined(LV_USE_ROLLER)
 class LvSelectable : public LvCompound {
  public:
@@ -499,12 +543,12 @@ class LvSelectable : public LvCompound {
   virtual void set_selected_index(size_t index, lv_anim_enable_t anim) = 0;
   void set_selected_text(const std::string &text, lv_anim_enable_t anim);
   std::string get_selected_text();
-  const std::vector<std::string> &get_options() { return this->options_; }
-  void set_options(std::vector<std::string> options);
+  const FixedVector<const char *> &get_options() { return this->options_; }
+  void set_options(FixedVector<const char *> options);
 
  protected:
   virtual void set_option_string(const char *options) = 0;
-  std::vector<std::string> options_{};
+  FixedVector<const char *> options_{};
 };
 
 #ifdef USE_LVGL_DROPDOWN
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/schemas.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/schemas.py
index e400dae50f..bbc977dca5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/schemas.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/schemas.py
@@ -726,6 +726,26 @@ ALL_STYLES = {
 }
 
 
+def apply_style_driven_defines(props: set[str]) -> None:
+    """Given a set of style-property names in use, registers everything their use
+    drives: add_lv_use(image) if any of them is image-typed (per BASE_PROPS), and
+    the LV_COLOR_SCREEN_TRANSP / LV_DRAW_SW_SUPPORT_A8 defines. Shared between
+    __init__.py (driven by df.get_styles_used(), for statically-declared widgets)
+    and lv_list.py's _register_dynamic_widget_style_uses (driven by scanning a
+    dynamically-added widget's own config), so a future style-driven define added
+    to one can't be missed in the other.
+    """
+    # Local import: avoids a module-load-time cycle (widgets.img -> ... -> schemas).
+    from .widgets.img import CONF_IMAGE
+
+    if any(BASE_PROPS.get(prop) is lvalid.lv_image for prop in props):
+        df.add_lv_use(CONF_IMAGE)
+    if df.TRANSFORM_STYLE_PROPS & props:
+        df.add_define("LV_COLOR_SCREEN_TRANSP", "1")
+    if df.DROP_SHADOW_STYLE_PROPS & props:
+        df.add_define("LV_DRAW_SW_SUPPORT_A8", "1")
+
+
 def strip_defaults(schema: cv.Schema):
     """
     Take a schema and remove any default values, also convert Required to Optional.
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/select/lvgl_select.h b/esphome/components/lvgl/select/lvgl_select.h
index e36357328c..dafdd91eb5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/select/lvgl_select.h
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/select/lvgl_select.h
@@ -50,19 +50,10 @@ class LVGLSelect final : public select::Select, public Component {
  protected:
   void control(size_t index) override {
     this->widget_->set_selected_index(index, this->anim_);
-    this->publish();
-  }
-  void set_options_() {
-    // Widget uses std::vector<std::string>, SelectTraits uses FixedVector<const char*>
-    // Convert by extracting c_str() pointers
-    const auto &opts = this->widget_->get_options();
-    FixedVector<const char *> opt_ptrs;
-    opt_ptrs.init(opts.size());
-    for (const auto &opt : opts) {
-      opt_ptrs.push_back(opt.c_str());
-    }
-    this->traits.set_options(opt_ptrs);
+    // The update event fires the widget's on_value/on_update triggers
+    lv_obj_send_event(this->widget_->obj, lv_update_event, nullptr);
   }
+  void set_options_() { this->traits.set_options(this->widget_->get_options()); }
 
   LvSelectable *widget_;
   lv_anim_enable_t anim_;
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/trigger.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/trigger.py
index 5f524969e2..56dcf81a79 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/trigger.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/trigger.py
@@ -59,7 +59,10 @@ async def generate_triggers():
     all_triggers = (
         LV_EVENT_TRIGGERS + LV_DISPLAY_EVENT_TRIGGERS + LV_SCREEN_EVENT_TRIGGERS
     )
-    for w in get_widget_map().values():
+    # Snapshot: building a trigger below can recurse into widget creation (e.g. a
+    # buttonmatrix's or tabview's to_code registers its own child widgets), which
+    # would otherwise mutate this dict mid-iteration.
+    for w in list(get_widget_map().values()):
         config = w.config
         if isinstance(w.type, LvScrActType):
             w = get_screen_active(w.var)
@@ -141,7 +144,21 @@ def _get_event_literal(trigger: str | MockObj) -> MockObj:
     return literal("LV_EVENT_" + TRIGGER_MAP[trigger.upper()])
 
 
-async def add_trigger(conf, w, *events: str | MockObj, is_selected=None):
+async def add_trigger(
+    conf, w, *events: str | MockObj, is_selected=None, attach_obj=None, user_data=None
+):
+    """
+    :param attach_obj: The object to actually register the callback on, if different
+        from `w.obj` - used when `w.obj` isn't valid at the point the callback gets
+        registered (e.g. a local variable that's only in scope inside the very
+        block this is called from, not from within the callback body itself; see
+        widgets/lv_list.py's dynamic widget creation). Defaults to `w.obj`.
+    :param user_data: Opaque pointer passed through to the registered event callback,
+        retrievable inside it via `lv_event_get_user_data(event)` - used to recover a
+        compound widget's C++ wrapper, which a captureless callback has no other way
+        to reach when it isn't a global variable (see widgets/lv_list.py). Defaults to
+        `nullptr`.
+    """
     is_selected = is_selected or w.is_selected()
     tid = conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID]
     trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(tid)
@@ -158,12 +175,14 @@ async def add_trigger(conf, w, *events: str | MockObj, is_selected=None):
             lv_add(trigger.trigger(*value, literal("event")))
     callback = await context.get_lambda()
     event_literals = [_get_event_literal(event) for event in events]
+    attach_obj = w.obj if attach_obj is None else attach_obj
+    user_data = nullptr if user_data is None else user_data
     if str(events[0]) in DISPLAY_TRIGGERS:
         assert len(events) == 1
         lv.display_add_event_cb(
-            lv_expr.obj_get_display(w.obj), callback, event_literals[0], nullptr
+            lv_expr.obj_get_display(attach_obj), callback, event_literals[0], user_data
         )
     else:
         lv_add(
-            lvgl_static.add_event_cb(w.obj, await context.get_lambda(), *event_literals)
+            lvgl_static.add_event_cb(attach_obj, callback, *event_literals, user_data)
         )
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/types.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/types.py
index 61efe385e6..cc8d9438a9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/types.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/types.py
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ from esphome.const import CONF_TEXT, CONF_VALUE
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
 from esphome.cpp_types import Component, esphome_ns
 
+from .defines import CONF_SELECTED_INDEX
+
 
 class LvType(cg.MockObjClass):
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
@@ -112,3 +114,4 @@ class LvSelect(LvType):
             parents=parens,
             **kwargs,
         )
+        self.value_property = CONF_SELECTED_INDEX
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/__init__.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/__init__.py
index 968db46adc..c9099e3c3a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/__init__.py
@@ -190,18 +190,7 @@ class WidgetType:
             await self.on_create(var, config)
 
         w = Widget.create(wid, var, self, config)
-        if theme := get_theme_widget_map().get(self.name):
-            for part, states in theme.items():
-                part = "LV_PART_" + part.upper()
-                for state, style in states.items():
-                    state = "LV_STATE_" + state.upper()
-                    if state == "LV_STATE_DEFAULT":
-                        lv_state = literal(part)
-                    elif part == "LV_PART_MAIN":
-                        lv_state = literal(state)
-                    else:
-                        lv_state = join_enums((state, part))
-                    w.add_style(style, lv_state)
+        apply_theme_styles(w)
         await set_obj_properties(w, config)
         await add_widgets(w, config)
         await self.to_code(w, config)
@@ -230,7 +219,7 @@ class WidgetType:
         :param config: Its configuration
         """
 
-    def get_uses(self):
+    def get_uses(self) -> tuple:
         """
         Get a list of other widgets used by this one
         :return:
@@ -267,6 +256,21 @@ class WidgetType:
         """
 
 
+def apply_theme_styles(w: "Widget") -> None:
+    """Apply the current theme's styles for this widget's type"""
+    for part, states in get_theme_widget_map().get(w.type.name, {}).items():
+        part = "LV_PART_" + part.upper()
+        for state, style in states.items():
+            state = "LV_STATE_" + state.upper()
+            if state == "LV_STATE_DEFAULT":
+                lv_state = literal(part)
+            elif part == "LV_PART_MAIN":
+                lv_state = literal(state)
+            else:
+                lv_state = join_enums((state, part))
+            w.add_style(style, lv_state)
+
+
 class Widget:
     """
     Represents a Widget.
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/label.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/label.py
index 5ac92f2717..54c9819d2b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/label.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/label.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_LABEL
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_TEXT
 
@@ -14,8 +15,6 @@ from ..schemas import TEXT_SCHEMA
 from ..types import LvText
 from . import Widget, WidgetType
 
-CONF_LABEL = "label"
-
 
 class LabelType(WidgetType):
     def __init__(self):
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/lv_list.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/lv_list.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..83cbfb5ef9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/lv_list.py
@@ -0,0 +1,553 @@
+from collections.abc import Generator
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import Any
+
+from esphome import automation
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_BUTTON,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_INDEX,
+    CONF_ON_BOOT,
+    CONF_ON_UPDATE,
+    CONF_ON_VALUE,
+    CONF_TEXT,
+    CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
+)
+from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.coroutine import FakeAwaitable
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.schema_extractors import SCHEMA_EXTRACT, schema_extractor
+
+from ..automation import action_to_code
+from ..defines import (
+    CONF_ALIGN_TO,
+    CONF_MAIN,
+    CONF_PAD_ROW,
+    CONF_SCROLLBAR,
+    CONF_WIDGETS,
+    LV_EVENT_TRIGGERS,
+    SWIPE_TRIGGERS,
+    TYPE_FLEX,
+    add_lv_use,
+    literal,
+)
+from ..lv_validation import lv_int, lv_text, padding
+from ..lvcode import (
+    UPDATE_EVENT,
+    LocalVariable,
+    LvConditional,
+    LvCountdown,
+    lv,
+    lv_add,
+    lv_expr,
+    lv_obj,
+)
+from ..schemas import (
+    ALL_STYLES,
+    WIDGET_TYPES,
+    any_widget_schema,
+    apply_style_driven_defines,
+    container_schema_value,
+    remap_property,
+)
+from ..trigger import add_trigger
+from ..types import LV_EVENT, LvType, ObjUpdateAction, lv_obj_t
+from . import (
+    Widget,
+    WidgetType,
+    apply_theme_styles,
+    collect_parts,
+    get_widgets,
+    set_obj_properties,
+)
+from .buttonmatrix import CONF_BUTTONMATRIX
+from .canvas import CONF_CANVAS
+from .label import CONF_LABEL
+from .meter import CONF_METER
+from .tabview import CONF_TABVIEW
+from .tileview import CONF_TILEVIEW
+
+CONF_LIST = "list"
+CONF_WIDGET = "widget"
+CONF_ON_ADD = "on_add"
+CONF_ON_REMOVE = "on_remove"
+
+DOMAIN = "lvgl_list"
+
+lv_list_t = LvType("lv_list_t")
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ListTriggers:
+    on_add: list = field(default_factory=list)
+    on_remove: list = field(default_factory=list)
+
+
+def _get_list_triggers(list_id) -> ListTriggers:
+    """
+    Trigger Pvariables built for a given list's `on_add`/`on_remove` config, indexed by the
+    list's own ID.
+    """
+    triggers_by_list = CORE.data.setdefault(DOMAIN, {})
+    return triggers_by_list.setdefault(list_id, ListTriggers())
+
+
+def _get_pending_list_triggers(list_id) -> ListTriggers:
+    """
+    Same shape as _get_list_triggers(), but holding raw on_add/on_remove automation
+    configs, not yet built.
+    """
+    pending_by_list = CORE.data.setdefault(DOMAIN + "_pending", {})
+    return pending_by_list.setdefault(list_id, ListTriggers())
+
+
+def _list_triggers_completed_flag() -> list[bool]:
+    return CORE.data.setdefault(DOMAIN + "_completed", [False])
+
+
+def _list_triggers_completed_generator() -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    while True:
+        if _list_triggers_completed_flag()[0]:
+            return
+        yield
+
+
+async def _wait_list_triggers_completed() -> None:
+    """Waits until finish_list_triggers() has built every list's on_add/on_remove automations."""
+    if _list_triggers_completed_flag()[0]:
+        return
+    await FakeAwaitable(_list_triggers_completed_generator())
+
+
+async def finish_list_triggers() -> None:
+    """
+    Builds every list's on_add/on_remove automations, collected by ListType.to_code()
+    instead of being built there directly. Must run after set_widgets_completed(True).
+    """
+    for list_id, pending in CORE.data.get(DOMAIN + "_pending", {}).items():
+        triggers = _get_list_triggers(list_id)
+        for conf in pending.on_add:
+            trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID])
+            await automation.build_automation(trigger, [(cg.int_, "list_index")], conf)
+            triggers.on_add.append(trigger)
+        for conf in pending.on_remove:
+            trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID])
+            await automation.build_automation(trigger, [(cg.int_, "list_index")], conf)
+            triggers.on_remove.append(trigger)
+    _list_triggers_completed_flag()[0] = True
+
+
+def _fire_index_triggers(triggers: list, index) -> None:
+    for trigger in triggers:
+        lv_add(trigger.trigger(index))
+
+
+async def _fire_on_add(list_id, list_obj, entry_obj) -> None:
+    await _wait_list_triggers_completed()
+    triggers = _get_list_triggers(list_id).on_add
+    if not triggers:
+        return
+    index = cg.RawExpression(f"lvgl::lv_list_get_row_index({list_obj}, {entry_obj})")
+    _fire_index_triggers(triggers, index)
+
+
+async def _fire_on_remove(list_id, index) -> None:
+    await _wait_list_triggers_completed()
+    _fire_index_triggers(_get_list_triggers(list_id).on_remove, index)
+
+
+LIST_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Optional(CONF_PAD_ROW): padding,
+    }
+)
+
+LIST_CREATE_SCHEMA = LIST_SCHEMA.extend(
+    {
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_ADD): automation.validate_automation(
+            {
+                cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(
+                    automation.Trigger.template(cg.int_)
+                ),
+            }
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_REMOVE): automation.validate_automation(
+            {
+                cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(
+                    automation.Trigger.template(cg.int_)
+                ),
+            }
+        ),
+    }
+)
+
+
+class ListType(WidgetType):
+    """A plain wrapper around LVGL's native `lv_list`"""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(
+            CONF_LIST,
+            lv_list_t,
+            (CONF_MAIN, CONF_SCROLLBAR),
+            LIST_CREATE_SCHEMA,
+            modify_schema=LIST_SCHEMA,
+        )
+
+    def get_uses(self):
+        return TYPE_FLEX, CONF_LABEL, CONF_BUTTON
+
+    async def to_code(self, w: Widget, config: dict):
+        on_add = config.get(CONF_ON_ADD, ())
+        on_remove = config.get(CONF_ON_REMOVE, ())
+        if not on_add and not on_remove:
+            return
+        pending = _get_pending_list_triggers(w.config[CONF_ID])
+        pending.on_add.extend(on_add)
+        pending.on_remove.extend(on_remove)
+
+
+list_spec = ListType()
+
+LIST_ID_SCHEMA = cv.Schema({cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(lv_list_t)})
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "lvgl.list.add_text",
+    ObjUpdateAction,
+    LIST_ID_SCHEMA.extend(
+        {
+            cv.Required(CONF_TEXT): lv_text,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_INDEX): cv.templatable(cv.int_),
+        }
+    ),
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def list_add_text_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    widgets = await get_widgets(config)
+
+    async def do_add_text(w: Widget):
+        text = await lv_text.process(config[CONF_TEXT])
+        with LocalVariable(
+            "list_entry", lv_obj_t, lv_expr.list_add_text(w.obj, text)
+        ) as entry:
+            if (idx := config.get(CONF_INDEX)) is not None:
+                lv.obj_move_to_index(entry, await lv_int.process(idx))
+            await _fire_on_add(config[CONF_ID], w.obj, entry)
+
+    return await action_to_code(
+        widgets, do_add_text, action_id, template_arg, args, config
+    )
+
+
+_DYNAMIC_WIDGET_UNSUPPORTED = (
+    CONF_BUTTONMATRIX,
+    CONF_TABVIEW,
+    CONF_TILEVIEW,
+    CONF_METER,
+    CONF_CANVAS,
+)
+
+
+def _check_dynamic_widget_supported(w_type_name: str, w_conf: dict) -> None:
+    # Each of these allocates a Pvariable, or registers children into the global widget
+    # map, once at boot - rebuilding them on every lvgl.list.add call would break that.
+    if w_type_name in _DYNAMIC_WIDGET_UNSUPPORTED:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"'{w_type_name}' cannot be used with lvgl.list.add - it manages its own "
+            "child widgets in a way that isn't compatible with widgets created at runtime"
+        )
+    for child in w_conf.get(CONF_WIDGETS, ()):
+        [(child_type, child_conf)] = child.items()
+        _check_dynamic_widget_supported(child_type, child_conf)
+
+
+_UNSUPPORTED_DYNAMIC_KEYS = SWIPE_TRIGGERS + (CONF_ON_BOOT, CONF_ALIGN_TO)
+
+
+def _check_no_unsupported_triggers(w_type_name: str, w_conf: dict) -> None:
+    # These triggers currently aren't supporte for dynamic widgets
+    for key in _UNSUPPORTED_DYNAMIC_KEYS:
+        if key in w_conf:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"'{key}' is not supported on a widget added via lvgl.list.add - it "
+                "would validate but generate nothing, since it's only wired for "
+                "widgets that exist at boot",
+                path=[w_type_name, key],
+            )
+    for child in w_conf.get(CONF_WIDGETS, ()):
+        [(child_type, child_conf)] = child.items()
+        _check_no_unsupported_triggers(child_type, child_conf)
+
+
+def _check_no_explicit_widget_id(raw_value: dict) -> None:
+    for w_type_name, w_conf in raw_value.items():
+        if not isinstance(w_conf, dict):
+            continue
+        if CONF_ID in w_conf:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                "'id' is not allowed on a widget added via lvgl.list.add - it is "
+                "rebuilt fresh on every call and never registered anywhere it "
+                "could be looked up by",
+                path=[w_type_name, CONF_ID],
+            )
+        for child in w_conf.get(CONF_WIDGETS, ()):
+            if isinstance(child, dict):
+                _check_no_explicit_widget_id(child)
+
+
+@schema_extractor("schema")
+def list_add_schema(value: Any) -> Any:
+    # A plain cv.Schema can't express "id, an optional index, plus exactly one arbitrary
+    # widget-type key", since the set of widget types isn't fixed until validation time.
+    if value is SCHEMA_EXTRACT:
+        return LIST_ID_SCHEMA.extend(
+            {
+                cv.Optional(CONF_INDEX): cv.templatable(cv.int_),
+                **{
+                    cv.Optional(name): container_schema_value(widget_type)
+                    for name, widget_type in WIDGET_TYPES.items()
+                },
+            }
+        )
+    if not isinstance(value, dict):
+        raise cv.Invalid("Expected a mapping")
+    value = value.copy()
+    if CONF_ID not in value:
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"required key '{CONF_ID}' not provided")
+    with cv.prepend_path([CONF_ID]):
+        list_id = cv.use_id(lv_list_t)(value.pop(CONF_ID))
+    result = {CONF_ID: list_id}
+    if CONF_INDEX in value:
+        with cv.prepend_path([CONF_INDEX]):
+            result[CONF_INDEX] = cv.templatable(cv.int_)(value.pop(CONF_INDEX))
+    if len(value) != 1:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            "lvgl.list.add takes exactly one widget definition, e.g. 'label:' or 'button:', alongside 'id' and optional 'index'"
+        )
+    _check_no_explicit_widget_id(value)
+    result[CONF_WIDGET] = any_widget_schema()(value)
+    [(w_type_name, w_conf)] = result[CONF_WIDGET][0].items()
+    _check_dynamic_widget_supported(w_type_name, w_conf)
+    _check_no_unsupported_triggers(w_type_name, w_conf)
+    return result
+
+
+def _register_lv_uses(w_type_name: str, w_conf: dict) -> None:
+    # Must run before this coroutine's first await.
+    widget_type = WIDGET_TYPES[w_type_name]
+    add_lv_use(w_type_name)
+    add_lv_use(*widget_type.get_uses())
+    for child in w_conf.get(CONF_WIDGETS, ()):
+        [(child_type, child_conf)] = child.items()
+        _register_lv_uses(child_type, child_conf)
+
+
+def _register_dynamic_widget_style_uses(w_conf: dict) -> None:
+    props = {
+        remap_property(prop)
+        for part_states in collect_parts(w_conf).values()
+        for state_props in part_states.values()
+        for prop in state_props
+        if prop in ALL_STYLES
+    }
+    apply_style_driven_defines(props)
+    for child in w_conf.get(CONF_WIDGETS, ()):
+        [(_, child_conf)] = child.items()
+        _register_dynamic_widget_style_uses(child_conf)
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "lvgl.list.add",
+    ObjUpdateAction,
+    list_add_schema,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def list_add_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    [(w_type_name, w_conf)] = config[CONF_WIDGET][0].items()
+    _register_lv_uses(w_type_name, w_conf)
+    _register_dynamic_widget_style_uses(w_conf)
+    widgets = await get_widgets(config)
+
+    async def do_add(w: Widget):
+        index = None
+        if (idx := config.get(CONF_INDEX)) is not None:
+            index = await lv_int.process(idx)
+        await _build_dynamic_widget(
+            w_type_name,
+            w_conf,
+            w.obj,
+            config[CONF_ID],
+            w.obj,
+            top_level=True,
+            index=index,
+        )
+
+    return await action_to_code(widgets, do_add, action_id, template_arg, args, config)
+
+
+async def _build_dynamic_widget(
+    w_type_name: str,
+    w_conf: dict,
+    parent,
+    list_id,
+    list_obj,
+    top_level: bool = False,
+    index=None,
+    depth: int = 0,
+) -> None:
+    # Builds one widget (recursively, with children and triggers) as a LocalVariable
+    # instead of a global Pvariable. Compound
+    # widgets are heap-allocated and freed via LV_EVENT_DELETE.
+    # `depth` suffixes the local variable's name below the row's top level.
+    widget_type = WIDGET_TYPES[w_type_name]
+    var_name = f"dyn_{w_type_name}" if depth == 0 else f"dyn_{w_type_name}_{depth}"
+    add_lv_use(w_type_name)
+    add_lv_use(*widget_type.get_uses())
+
+    async def finish_and_fire(w: Widget) -> None:
+        # Shared tail for both branches below - must run while var's LocalVariable
+        # block (opened by whichever branch calls this) is still open
+        await _finish_dynamic_widget(w, w_conf, list_id, list_obj, depth)
+        if top_level:
+            if index is not None:
+                lv.obj_move_to_index(w.obj, index)
+            await _fire_on_add(list_id, list_obj, w.obj)
+
+    if widget_type.is_compound():
+        with LocalVariable(
+            var_name, widget_type.w_type, widget_type.w_type.new()
+        ) as var:
+            creator = await widget_type.obj_creator(parent, w_conf)
+            lv_add(var.set_obj(creator))
+            w = Widget(var, widget_type, w_conf)
+            lv_obj.add_event_cb(
+                w.obj,
+                literal(f"lvgl::delete_lv_compound_on_delete<{widget_type.w_type}>"),
+                literal("LV_EVENT_DELETE"),
+                var,
+            )
+            await finish_and_fire(w)
+    else:
+        creator = await widget_type.obj_creator(parent, w_conf)
+        with LocalVariable(var_name, lv_obj_t, creator) as var:
+            w = Widget(var, widget_type, w_conf)
+            await finish_and_fire(w)
+
+
+async def _finish_dynamic_widget(
+    w: Widget, w_conf: dict, list_id, list_obj, depth: int = 0
+) -> None:
+    await w.type.on_create(w.obj, w_conf)
+    apply_theme_styles(w)
+    await set_obj_properties(w, w_conf)
+    await w.type.to_code(w, w_conf)
+    await _wire_dynamic_triggers(w, w_conf)
+    for child in w_conf.get(CONF_WIDGETS, ()):
+        [(child_type, child_conf)] = child.items()
+        await _build_dynamic_widget(
+            child_type, child_conf, w.obj, list_id, list_obj, depth=depth + 1
+        )
+
+
+async def _wire_dynamic_triggers(w: Widget, config: dict) -> None:
+    # Mirrors generate_triggers(), but runs immediately
+    if w.type.is_compound():
+        event_var = MockObj(
+            f"static_cast<{w.type.w_type} *>(lv_event_get_user_data(event))", "->"
+        )
+        user_data = w.var
+    else:
+        event_var = literal("static_cast<lv_obj_t *>(lv_event_get_target(event))")
+        user_data = None
+    event_target = Widget(event_var, w.type, config)
+    for event, conf in {
+        event: conf for event, conf in config.items() if event in LV_EVENT_TRIGGERS
+    }.items():
+        w.add_flag("LV_OBJ_FLAG_CLICKABLE")
+        await add_trigger(
+            conf[0], event_target, event, attach_obj=w.obj, user_data=user_data
+        )
+    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_VALUE, ()):
+        await add_trigger(
+            conf,
+            event_target,
+            LV_EVENT.VALUE_CHANGED,
+            UPDATE_EVENT,
+            attach_obj=w.obj,
+            user_data=user_data,
+        )
+    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_UPDATE, ()):
+        await add_trigger(
+            conf, event_target, UPDATE_EVENT, attach_obj=w.obj, user_data=user_data
+        )
+
+
+LIST_REMOVE_SCHEMA = LIST_ID_SCHEMA.extend(
+    {
+        # positive_int, not int_: a negative index would silently delete the *last*
+        # row (lv_obj_get_child() counts back from the end) while reporting that
+        # same bogus value to on_remove's list_index.
+        cv.Required(CONF_INDEX): cv.templatable(cv.positive_int),
+    }
+)
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "lvgl.list.remove",
+    ObjUpdateAction,
+    LIST_REMOVE_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def list_remove_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    widgets = await get_widgets(config)
+
+    async def do_remove(w: Widget):
+        index = await lv_int.process(config[CONF_INDEX])
+        # Materialised into a local since index is needed at two call sites below, and
+        # a lambda's body gets re-emitted (and re-run) at every point it's used.
+        with (
+            LocalVariable("list_index", cg.int_, index, modifier="") as idx,
+            # Out-of-range lookup/log lives in a shared C++ helper, not inline here:
+            # a config can have many lvgl.list.remove call sites.
+            LocalVariable(
+                "list_child",
+                lv_obj_t,
+                cg.RawExpression(f"lvgl::lv_list_get_row_for_remove({w.obj}, {idx})"),
+            ) as child,
+            LvConditional(child),
+        ):
+            await _fire_on_remove(config[CONF_ID], idx)
+            # Recursively destroys the whole subtree
+            lv.obj_del(child)
+
+    return await action_to_code(
+        widgets, do_remove, action_id, template_arg, args, config
+    )
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "lvgl.list.clear",
+    ObjUpdateAction,
+    LIST_ID_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def list_clear_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    widgets = await get_widgets(config)
+
+    async def do_clear(w: Widget):
+        await _wait_list_triggers_completed()
+        triggers = _get_list_triggers(config[CONF_ID]).on_remove
+        if triggers:
+            # Fire on_remove for every entry, newest to oldest, before wiping them all out,
+            # so on_remove's semantics ("an entry left the list") hold
+            with LvCountdown("list_index", lv_expr.obj_get_child_count(w.obj)) as index:
+                _fire_index_triggers(triggers, index)
+        # lv_obj_clean recursively destroys every child's whole subtree
+        lv.obj_clean(w.obj)
+
+    return await action_to_code(
+        widgets, do_clear, action_id, template_arg, args, config
+    )
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/table.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/table.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f000ea1846
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/table.py
@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+from contextlib import ExitStack
+
+from esphome import automation
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_COLUMNS, CONF_ROWS
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_ITEMS, CONF_ROW, CONF_TEXT, CONF_WIDTH
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.schema_extractors import SCHEMA_EXTRACT
+from esphome.types import ConfigFragmentType, ConfigType, SafeExpType
+
+from ..automation import action_to_code
+from ..defines import CONF_COLUMN, CONF_MAIN, LValidator, literal
+from ..lv_validation import lv_int, lv_text, pixels_or_percent, pixels_validator
+from ..lvcode import LocalVariable, lv, lv_add, lv_expr
+from ..types import LvCompound, LvType, ObjUpdateAction, lv_coord_t
+from . import Widget, WidgetType, get_widgets
+from .label import CONF_LABEL
+
+CONF_TABLE = "table"
+CONF_CELLS = "cells"
+CONF_ROW_COUNT = "row_count"
+CONF_COLUMN_COUNT = "column_count"
+CONF_MERGE_RIGHT = "merge_right"
+CONF_TEXT_CROP = "text_crop"
+CONF_SELECTED_ROW = "selected_row"
+CONF_SELECTED_COLUMN = "selected_column"
+
+CELL_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Optional(CONF_TEXT, default=""): lv_text,
+        # Not templatable: the value selects between two different LVGL calls
+        # (set/clear cell ctrl), so a runtime lambda can't be mapped to a single call.
+        cv.Optional(CONF_MERGE_RIGHT): cv.boolean,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_TEXT_CROP): cv.boolean,
+    }
+)
+
+# A cell can be given as a bare piece of text, or a dict for more control
+TABLE_CELL_SCHEMA = cv.maybe_simple_value(CELL_SCHEMA, key=CONF_TEXT)
+
+# A row can be given as a bare list of cells, or a dict for future extension
+ROW_SCHEMA = cv.maybe_simple_value(
+    cv.Schema({cv.Required(CONF_CELLS): cv.ensure_list(TABLE_CELL_SCHEMA)}),
+    key=CONF_CELLS,
+)
+
+
+def _column_width_validator(value: ConfigFragmentType) -> int | float | list[str]:
+    """Like pixels_or_percent, but rejects negative widths, which would
+    defeat the 100%-total check and wrap around in the generated uint8_t pct."""
+    if value == SCHEMA_EXTRACT:
+        return ["pixels", "..%"]
+    return cv.Any(pixels_validator, cv.percentage)(value)
+
+
+column_width = LValidator(
+    _column_width_validator,
+    lv_coord_t,
+    retmapper=pixels_or_percent.retmapper,
+    animatable=True,
+)
+
+COLUMN_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Optional(CONF_WIDTH): column_width,
+    }
+)
+
+
+def _validate_table(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    rows = config.get(CONF_ROWS)
+    min_row_count = len(rows) if rows else 0
+    min_column_count = max(len(row[CONF_CELLS]) for row in rows) if rows else 0
+    row_count = config.get(CONF_ROW_COUNT)
+    if row_count is not None and row_count < min_row_count:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"{CONF_ROW_COUNT} must be at least {min_row_count} to hold all the given rows",
+            path=[CONF_ROW_COUNT],
+        )
+    column_count = config.get(CONF_COLUMN_COUNT)
+    if column_count is not None and column_count < min_column_count:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"{CONF_COLUMN_COUNT} must be at least {min_column_count} to hold all the cells in a row",
+            path=[CONF_COLUMN_COUNT],
+        )
+    column_count = column_count if column_count is not None else min_column_count
+    columns = config.get(CONF_COLUMNS)
+    if columns and column_count and len(columns) > column_count:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"{CONF_COLUMNS} defines {len(columns)} columns, but the table has only {column_count}",
+            path=[CONF_COLUMNS],
+        )
+    total_pct = sum(
+        width
+        for column in columns or ()
+        if isinstance((width := column.get(CONF_WIDTH)), float)
+    )
+    if total_pct > 1.0:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"{CONF_COLUMNS} percentage widths add up to {total_pct * 100:.0f}%, which exceeds 100%",
+            path=[CONF_COLUMNS],
+        )
+    return config
+
+
+TABLE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ROWS): cv.ensure_list(ROW_SCHEMA),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ROW_COUNT): cv.positive_int,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_COLUMN_COUNT): cv.positive_int,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_COLUMNS): cv.ensure_list(COLUMN_SCHEMA),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_SELECTED_ROW): lv_int,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_SELECTED_COLUMN): lv_int,
+    }
+).add_extra(_validate_table)
+
+lv_table_t = LvType(
+    "LvTableType",
+    parents=(LvCompound,),
+    largs=[(cg.uint32, "row"), (cg.uint32, "column")],
+    lvalue=lambda w: [
+        lv_expr.table_get_selected_row(w.obj),
+        lv_expr.table_get_selected_column(w.obj),
+    ],
+    has_on_value=True,
+)
+
+
+async def set_cell_ctrl(
+    w: Widget, row: SafeExpType, column: SafeExpType, cell: ConfigType
+) -> None:
+    for key, ctrl in (
+        (CONF_MERGE_RIGHT, "LV_TABLE_CELL_CTRL_MERGE_RIGHT"),
+        (CONF_TEXT_CROP, "LV_TABLE_CELL_CTRL_TEXT_CROP"),
+    ):
+        if key not in cell:
+            continue
+        if cell[key]:
+            lv.table_set_cell_ctrl(w.obj, row, column, literal(ctrl))
+        else:
+            lv.table_clear_cell_ctrl(w.obj, row, column, literal(ctrl))
+
+
+async def set_selected_cell(w: Widget, config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    selected_row = config.get(CONF_SELECTED_ROW)
+    selected_column = config.get(CONF_SELECTED_COLUMN)
+    if selected_row is None and selected_column is None:
+        return
+    # LV_TABLE_CELL_NONE selects the whole column/row when only one index is given
+    row_value = (
+        await lv_int.process(selected_row)
+        if selected_row is not None
+        else literal("LV_TABLE_CELL_NONE")
+    )
+    column_value = (
+        await lv_int.process(selected_column)
+        if selected_column is not None
+        else literal("LV_TABLE_CELL_NONE")
+    )
+    lv.table_set_selected_cell(w.obj, row_value, column_value)
+
+
+TABLE_MODIFY_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Optional(CONF_SELECTED_ROW): lv_int,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_SELECTED_COLUMN): lv_int,
+    }
+)
+
+
+class TableType(WidgetType):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(
+            CONF_TABLE,
+            lv_table_t,
+            (CONF_MAIN, CONF_ITEMS),
+            TABLE_SCHEMA,
+            modify_schema=TABLE_MODIFY_SCHEMA,
+        )
+
+    def get_uses(self) -> tuple[str]:
+        return (CONF_LABEL,)
+
+    async def to_code(self, w: Widget, config: dict) -> None:
+        rows = config.get(CONF_ROWS)
+        row_count = config.get(CONF_ROW_COUNT)
+        column_count = config.get(CONF_COLUMN_COUNT)
+        if rows is not None:
+            if row_count is None:
+                row_count = len(rows)
+            if column_count is None:
+                column_count = max((len(row[CONF_CELLS]) for row in rows), default=0)
+        if row_count is not None:
+            lv.table_set_row_count(w.obj, row_count)
+        if column_count is not None:
+            lv.table_set_column_count(w.obj, column_count)
+        columns = config.get(CONF_COLUMNS, ())
+        pct_column_count = sum(
+            1 for column in columns if isinstance(column.get(CONF_WIDTH), float)
+        )
+        if pct_column_count:
+            lv_add(w.var.init_column_pct(pct_column_count))
+        for index, column in enumerate(columns):
+            if (width := column.get(CONF_WIDTH)) is None:
+                continue
+            if isinstance(width, float):
+                # A percentage: column_width validation leaves it as a 0.0-1.0
+                # fraction. LVGL's table widget only accepts a literal pixel width, so
+                # the actual width is recomputed at runtime from the table's own size.
+                lv_add(w.var.add_column_width_pct(index, round(width * 100)))
+            else:
+                lv.table_set_column_width(
+                    w.obj, index, await column_width.process(width)
+                )
+        for row_index, row in enumerate(rows or ()):
+            for column_index, cell in enumerate(row[CONF_CELLS]):
+                lv.table_set_cell_value(
+                    w.obj,
+                    row_index,
+                    column_index,
+                    await lv_text.process(cell[CONF_TEXT]),
+                )
+                await set_cell_ctrl(w, row_index, column_index, cell)
+        await set_selected_cell(w, config)
+
+
+table_spec = TableType()
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "lvgl.table.cell.update",
+    ObjUpdateAction,
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(lv_table_t),
+            cv.Required(CONF_ROW): lv_int,
+            cv.Required(CONF_COLUMN): lv_int,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TEXT): lv_text,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_MERGE_RIGHT): cv.boolean,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TEXT_CROP): cv.boolean,
+        }
+    ).add_extra(cv.has_at_least_one_key(CONF_TEXT, CONF_MERGE_RIGHT, CONF_TEXT_CROP)),
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def table_cell_update_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
+    widgets = await get_widgets(config)
+
+    async def do_update(w: Widget):
+        row = await lv_int.process(config[CONF_ROW])
+        column = await lv_int.process(config[CONF_COLUMN])
+        fields_set = sum(
+            key in config for key in (CONF_TEXT, CONF_MERGE_RIGHT, CONF_TEXT_CROP)
+        )
+        with ExitStack() as stack:
+            if fields_set > 1:
+                # row/column feed more than one generated call below: cache them in
+                # local variables so a !lambda value is only evaluated once.
+                row = stack.enter_context(
+                    LocalVariable("row", cg.int_, row, modifier="")
+                )
+                column = stack.enter_context(
+                    LocalVariable("column", cg.int_, column, modifier="")
+                )
+            if CONF_TEXT in config:
+                lv.table_set_cell_value(
+                    w.obj, row, column, await lv_text.process(config[CONF_TEXT])
+                )
+            await set_cell_ctrl(w, row, column, config)
+
+    return await action_to_code(
+        widgets, do_update, action_id, template_arg, args, config
+    )
diff --git a/esphome/components/m5stack_8angle/__init__.py b/esphome/components/m5stack_8angle/__init__.py
index a1c197b381..6404bcf64c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/m5stack_8angle/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/m5stack_8angle/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@rnauber"]
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x43))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/m5stack_8angle/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/m5stack_8angle/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index 22ab73e901..09398876d4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/m5stack_8angle/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/m5stack_8angle/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_M5STACK_8ANGLE_ID, M5Stack8AngleComponent, m5stack_8angle_ns
 
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_M5STACK_8ANGLE_ID])
     sens = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     cg.add(sens.set_parent(hub))
diff --git a/esphome/components/m5stack_8angle/light/__init__.py b/esphome/components/m5stack_8angle/light/__init__.py
index 806ecaabf4..5c4863acf7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/m5stack_8angle/light/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/m5stack_8angle/light/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import light
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_OUTPUT_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_M5STACK_8ANGLE_ID, M5Stack8AngleComponent, m5stack_8angle_ns
 
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_M5STACK_8ANGLE_ID])
     lights = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_OUTPUT_ID])
     await light.register_light(lights, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/m5stack_8angle/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/m5stack_8angle/sensor/__init__.py
index 2132eaa4c2..87d1425241 100644
--- a/esphome/components/m5stack_8angle/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/m5stack_8angle/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ICON_ROTATE_RIGHT,
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     CONF_M5STACK_8ANGLE_ID,
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_M5STACK_8ANGLE_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/mapping/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mapping/__init__.py
index 3c7d78a27b..cd846877ae 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mapping/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mapping/__init__.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from collections.abc import Callable
 import difflib
+from typing import Any
 
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components.const import KEY_METADATA
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ from esphome.cpp_generator import (
     add_global,
 )
 from esphome.loader import get_component
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@clydebarrow"]
 MULTI_CONF = True
@@ -32,13 +34,16 @@ class IndexType:
     """
 
     def __init__(
-        self, validator: Callable, data_type: MockObj, conversion: Callable = None
+        self,
+        validator: Callable,
+        data_type: MockObj,
+        conversion: Callable | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         self.validator = validator
         self.data_type = data_type
         self.conversion = conversion
 
-    async def convert_value(self, value):
+    async def convert_value(self, value: Any) -> Any:
         if self.conversion:
             return self.conversion(value)
         return await cg.get_variable(value)
@@ -60,7 +65,7 @@ class MappingMetaData:
         self.to_ = to_
 
 
-def to_schema(value):
+def to_schema(value: Any) -> str:
     """
     Generate a schema for the 'to' field of a map. This can be either one of the index types or a class name.
     :param value:
@@ -82,7 +87,7 @@ BASE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-def get_object_type(to_) -> MockObjClass | None:
+def get_object_type(to_: str) -> MockObjClass | None:
     """
     Get the object type from a string. Possible formats:
        xxx The name of a component which defines INSTANCE_TYPE
@@ -121,7 +126,7 @@ def add_metadata(
     get_all_mapping_metadata()[mapping_id.id] = MappingMetaData(from_, to_)
 
 
-def map_schema(config):
+def map_schema(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     config = BASE_SCHEMA(config)
     if CONF_ENTRIES not in config or not isinstance(config[CONF_ENTRIES], dict):
         raise cv.Invalid("an entries dictionary is required for a mapping")
@@ -163,7 +168,7 @@ def map_schema(config):
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = map_schema
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     varid = config[CONF_ID]
     metadata = get_mapping_metadata(varid.id)
     entries = {
diff --git a/esphome/components/matrix_keypad/__init__.py b/esphome/components/matrix_keypad/__init__.py
index 868b149211..2e43eaf7e2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/matrix_keypad/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/matrix_keypad/__init__.py
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 from esphome import automation, pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import key_provider
-from esphome.components.const import CONF_ROWS
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_COLUMNS, CONF_KEYS, CONF_ROWS
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_ON_KEY, CONF_PIN, CONF_TRIGGER_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@ssieb"]
 
@@ -20,14 +21,12 @@ MatrixKeyTrigger = matrix_keypad_ns.class_(
 )
 
 CONF_KEYPAD_ID = "keypad_id"
-CONF_COLUMNS = "columns"
-CONF_KEYS = "keys"
 CONF_DEBOUNCE_TIME = "debounce_time"
 CONF_HAS_DIODES = "has_diodes"
 CONF_HAS_PULLDOWNS = "has_pulldowns"
 
 
-def check_keys(obj):
+def check_keys(obj: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_KEYS in obj and len(obj[CONF_KEYS]) != len(obj[CONF_ROWS]) * len(
         obj[CONF_COLUMNS]
     ):
@@ -62,7 +61,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     row_pins = []
diff --git a/esphome/components/matrix_keypad/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/matrix_keypad/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index 8e63ed43ce..6c6e0aad73 100644
--- a/esphome/components/matrix_keypad/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/matrix_keypad/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_COL, CONF_ID, CONF_KEY, CONF_ROW
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_KEYPAD_ID, MatrixKeypad, matrix_keypad_ns
 
@@ -12,7 +13,7 @@ MatrixKeypadBinarySensor = matrix_keypad_ns.class_(
 )
 
 
-def check_button(obj):
+def check_button(obj: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_ROW in obj or CONF_COL in obj:
         if CONF_KEY in obj:
             raise cv.Invalid("You can't provide both a key and a position")
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if CONF_KEY in config:
         var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], config[CONF_KEY][0])
     else:
diff --git a/esphome/components/max17043/sensor.py b/esphome/components/max17043/sensor.py
index ebb045dfce..67fb8aa5b7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/max17043/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/max17043/sensor.py
@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PERCENT,
     UNIT_VOLT,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -50,7 +53,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
@@ -74,6 +77,11 @@ MAX17043_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
 @automation.register_action(
     "max17043.sleep_mode", SleepAction, MAX17043_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
-async def max17043_sleep_mode_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def max17043_sleep_mode_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
diff --git a/esphome/components/max31855/sensor.py b/esphome/components/max31855/sensor.py
index 35ae28d04c..a52f45a18f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/max31855/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/max31855/sensor.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 max31855_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("max31855")
 MAX31855Sensor = max31855_ns.class_(
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/max31856/max31856.cpp b/esphome/components/max31856/max31856.cpp
index 4062d21bee..b5bad8ef74 100644
--- a/esphome/components/max31856/max31856.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/max31856/max31856.cpp
@@ -23,8 +23,10 @@ void MAX31856Sensor::setup() {
 void MAX31856Sensor::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("", "MAX31856", this);
   LOG_PIN("  CS Pin: ", this->cs_);
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Mains Filter: %s",
-                (filter_ == FILTER_60HZ ? "60 Hz" : (filter_ == FILTER_50HZ ? "50 Hz" : "Unknown!")));
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(
+      TAG, "  Mains Filter: %s",
+      (filter_ == FILTER_60HZ ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("60 Hz")
+                              : (filter_ == FILTER_50HZ ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("50 Hz") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("Unknown!"))));
   if (this->thermocouple_type_ < 0 || this->thermocouple_type_ > 7) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Thermocouple Type: Unknown");
   } else {
diff --git a/esphome/components/max31856/sensor.py b/esphome/components/max31856/sensor.py
index 679e02b11d..43a2e18db8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/max31856/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/max31856/sensor.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 max31856_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("max31856")
 MAX31856Sensor = max31856_ns.class_(
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/max31865/max31865.cpp b/esphome/components/max31865/max31865.cpp
index 220fb4e704..e5a6fca8fb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/max31865/max31865.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/max31865/max31865.cpp
@@ -80,12 +80,14 @@ void MAX31865Sensor::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("", "MAX31865", this);
   LOG_PIN("  CS Pin: ", this->cs_);
   LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
-                "  Reference Resistance: %.2fΩ\n"
-                "  RTD: %u-wire %.2fΩ\n"
-                "  Mains Filter: %s",
-                reference_resistance_, rtd_wires_, rtd_nominal_resistance_,
-                (filter_ == FILTER_60HZ ? "60 Hz" : (filter_ == FILTER_50HZ ? "50 Hz" : "Unknown!")));
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(
+      TAG,
+      "  Reference Resistance: %.2fΩ\n"
+      "  RTD: %u-wire %.2fΩ\n"
+      "  Mains Filter: %s",
+      reference_resistance_, rtd_wires_, rtd_nominal_resistance_,
+      (filter_ == FILTER_60HZ ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("60 Hz")
+                              : (filter_ == FILTER_50HZ ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("50 Hz") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("Unknown!"))));
 }
 
 void MAX31865Sensor::read_data_() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/max31865/sensor.py b/esphome/components/max31865/sensor.py
index d4498b062f..167a0997e4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/max31865/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/max31865/sensor.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@DAVe3283"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/max44009/sensor.py b/esphome/components/max44009/sensor.py
index 5aea7f0be2..88673c5d00 100644
--- a/esphome/components/max44009/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/max44009/sensor.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_LUX,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@berfenger"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/max6675/sensor.py b/esphome/components/max6675/sensor.py
index e42abb68d1..94d857cab9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/max6675/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/max6675/sensor.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 max6675_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("max6675")
 MAX6675Sensor = max6675_ns.class_(
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/max6956/__init__.py b/esphome/components/max6956/__init__.py
index e9fae4cceb..5e45d71899 100644
--- a/esphome/components/max6956/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/max6956/__init__.py
@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_OUTPUT,
     CONF_PULLUP,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@looping40"]
 
@@ -54,7 +57,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
@@ -62,7 +65,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     cg.add(var.set_brightness_global(config[CONF_BRIGHTNESS_GLOBAL]))
 
 
-def validate_mode(value):
+def validate_mode(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if not (value[CONF_INPUT] or value[CONF_OUTPUT]):
         raise cv.Invalid("Mode must be either input or output")
     if value[CONF_INPUT] and value[CONF_OUTPUT]:
@@ -87,7 +90,7 @@ MAX6956_PIN_SCHEMA = pins.gpio_base_schema(
 
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(CONF_MAX6956, MAX6956_PIN_SCHEMA)
-async def max6956_pin_to_code(config):
+async def max6956_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MAX6956])
 
@@ -114,7 +117,12 @@ async def max6956_pin_to_code(config):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def max6956_set_brightness_global_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def max6956_set_brightness_global_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_BRIGHTNESS_GLOBAL], args, cg.uint8)
@@ -136,7 +144,12 @@ async def max6956_set_brightness_global_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg,
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def max6956_set_brightness_mode_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def max6956_set_brightness_mode_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
     template_ = await cg.templatable(
diff --git a/esphome/components/max6956/output/__init__.py b/esphome/components/max6956/output/__init__.py
index 352ba04a95..f92bbb762a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/max6956/output/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/max6956/output/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_MAX6956, MAX6956, max6956_ns
 
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MAX6956])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/max7219/display.py b/esphome/components/max7219/display.py
index abb20702bd..b21f66b553 100644
--- a/esphome/components/max7219/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/max7219/display.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import display, spi
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INTENSITY, CONF_LAMBDA, CONF_NUM_CHIPS
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
 
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], config[CONF_NUM_CHIPS])
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config, write_only=True)
     await display.register_display(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/max7219digit/display.py b/esphome/components/max7219digit/display.py
index df2423b0d0..54711263dd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/max7219digit/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/max7219digit/display.py
@@ -10,6 +10,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_NUM_CHIPS,
     CONF_STATE,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@rspaargaren"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
@@ -84,7 +87,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config, write_only=True)
     await display.register_display(var, config)
@@ -144,7 +147,12 @@ MAX7219_ON_ACTION_SCHEMA = automation.maybe_simple_id(
     MAX7219_ON_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def max7219digit_invert_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def max7219digit_invert_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_STATE], args, cg.bool_)
@@ -164,7 +172,12 @@ async def max7219digit_invert_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     MAX7219_ON_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def max7219digit_visible_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def max7219digit_visible_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_STATE], args, cg.bool_)
@@ -184,7 +197,12 @@ async def max7219digit_visible_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     MAX7219_ON_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def max7219digit_reverse_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def max7219digit_reverse_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_STATE], args, cg.bool_)
@@ -209,7 +227,12 @@ MAX7219_INTENSITY_SCHEMA = cv.maybe_simple_value(
     MAX7219_INTENSITY_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def max7219digit_intensity_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def max7219digit_intensity_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_INTENSITY], args, cg.uint8)
diff --git a/esphome/components/max9611/sensor.py b/esphome/components/max9611/sensor.py
index b3a73d8c10..9332274a95 100644
--- a/esphome/components/max9611/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/max9611/sensor.py
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_VOLT,
     UNIT_WATT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 max9611_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("max9611")
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp23008/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mcp23008/__init__.py
index 8ff938114a..3d1480a6f7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp23008/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp23008/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, mcp23x08_base, mcp23xxx_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["mcp23x08_base"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
@@ -23,6 +24,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await mcp23xxx_base.register_mcp23xxx(config, mcp23x08_base.NUM_PINS)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp23016/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mcp23016/__init__.py
index b71d57498a..5f4b7276d8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp23016/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp23016/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import i2c
+from esphome.components import gpio_expander, i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ID,
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_NUMBER,
     CONF_OUTPUT,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["gpio_expander"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -25,7 +27,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(MCP23016),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_schema,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN): gpio_expander.validate_interrupt_pin,
         }
     )
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
@@ -33,7 +35,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
@@ -41,7 +43,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add(var.set_interrupt_pin(await cg.gpio_pin_expression(interrupt_pin)))
 
 
-def validate_mode(value):
+def validate_mode(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if not (value[CONF_INPUT] or value[CONF_OUTPUT]):
         raise cv.Invalid("Mode must be either input or output")
     if value[CONF_INPUT] and value[CONF_OUTPUT]:
@@ -64,7 +66,7 @@ MCP23016_PIN_SCHEMA = pins.gpio_base_schema(
 
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(CONF_MCP23016, MCP23016_PIN_SCHEMA)
-async def mcp23016_pin_to_code(config):
+async def mcp23016_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MCP23016])
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp23017/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mcp23017/__init__.py
index e5cc1856eb..474d75f6ff 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp23017/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp23017/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, mcp23x17_base, mcp23xxx_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["mcp23x17_base"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
@@ -23,6 +24,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await mcp23xxx_base.register_mcp23xxx(config, mcp23x17_base.NUM_PINS)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp23s08/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mcp23s08/__init__.py
index 312da79b75..ffc51b8146 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp23s08/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp23s08/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import mcp23x08_base, mcp23xxx_base, spi
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["mcp23x08_base"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@SenexCrenshaw", "@jesserockz"]
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await mcp23xxx_base.register_mcp23xxx(config, mcp23x08_base.NUM_PINS)
     cg.add(var.set_device_address(config[CONF_DEVICEADDRESS]))
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp23s17/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mcp23s17/__init__.py
index 599bfa0851..d693a64ce8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp23s17/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp23s17/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import mcp23x17_base, mcp23xxx_base, spi
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["mcp23x17_base"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@SenexCrenshaw", "@jesserockz"]
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await mcp23xxx_base.register_mcp23xxx(config, mcp23x17_base.NUM_PINS)
     cg.add(var.set_device_address(config[CONF_DEVICEADDRESS]))
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp23xxx_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mcp23xxx_base/__init__.py
index 76a3aabe3f..755d86e4ea 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp23xxx_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp23xxx_base/__init__.py
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import gpio_expander
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
-    CONF_ALLOW_OTHER_USES,
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_INPUT,
     CONF_INTERRUPT,
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_PULLUP,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, ID, coroutine
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["gpio_expander"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
@@ -32,34 +34,16 @@ MCP23XXX_INTERRUPT_MODES = {
 }
 
 
-def _validate_interrupt_pin(value):
-    # The MCP component owns INT polarity (active-low, hardcoded falling-edge ISR)
-    # and installs a single ISR per GPIO, so neither inversion nor sharing is supported.
-    value = pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_schema(value)
-    if value.get(CONF_INVERTED):
-        raise cv.Invalid(
-            f"'{CONF_INVERTED}: true' is not supported on '{CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN}'; "
-            "the MCP23xxx INT line is fixed active-low"
-        )
-    if value.get(CONF_ALLOW_OTHER_USES):
-        raise cv.Invalid(
-            f"'{CONF_ALLOW_OTHER_USES}: true' is not supported on '{CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN}'; "
-            "sharing the interrupt pin between multiple MCP23xxx (or other components) "
-            "is not implemented. Remove the interrupt_pin to fall back to polling."
-        )
-    return value
-
-
 MCP23XXX_CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
         cv.Optional(CONF_OPEN_DRAIN_INTERRUPT, default=False): cv.boolean,
-        cv.Optional(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN): _validate_interrupt_pin,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN): gpio_expander.validate_interrupt_pin,
     }
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
 @coroutine
-async def register_mcp23xxx(config, num_pins):
+async def register_mcp23xxx(config: ConfigType, num_pins: int) -> MockObj:
     id: ID = config[CONF_ID]
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(id)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
@@ -70,7 +54,7 @@ async def register_mcp23xxx(config, num_pins):
     return var
 
 
-def validate_mode(value):
+def validate_mode(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if not (value[CONF_INPUT] or value[CONF_OUTPUT]):
         raise cv.Invalid("Mode must be either input or output")
     if value[CONF_INPUT] and value[CONF_OUTPUT]:
@@ -99,7 +83,7 @@ MCP23XXX_PIN_SCHEMA = pins.gpio_base_schema(
 
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(CONF_MCP23XXX, MCP23XXX_PIN_SCHEMA)
-async def mcp23xxx_pin_to_code(config):
+async def mcp23xxx_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     parent_id: ID = config[CONF_MCP23XXX]
     parent = await cg.get_variable(parent_id)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp2515/canbus.py b/esphome/components/mcp2515/canbus.py
index d34a77248c..8bb8918f96 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp2515/canbus.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp2515/canbus.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import canbus, spi
 from esphome.components.canbus import CanbusComponent
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_MODE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@mvturnho", "@danielschramm"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = canbus.CANBUS_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(spi.spi_device_schema(True))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     rhs = mcp2515.new()
     var = cg.Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], rhs)
     await canbus.register_canbus(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp3008/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mcp3008/__init__.py
index 41ccdd403a..6d1bd5a970 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp3008/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp3008/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["sensor"]
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(spi.spi_device_schema(cs_pin_required=True))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp3008/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mcp3008/sensor/__init__.py
index 2576ef50e5..de31f81345 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp3008/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp3008/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_VOLT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import MCP3008, mcp3008_ns
 
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_MCP3008_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp3204/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mcp3204/__init__.py
index 612297f934..5757bdbfa9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp3204/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp3204/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_REFERENCE_VOLTAGE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
 MULTI_CONF = True
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(spi.spi_device_schema(cs_pin_required=True))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_reference_voltage(config[CONF_REFERENCE_VOLTAGE]))
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp3204/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mcp3204/sensor/__init__.py
index 5f9aa9fdb6..728a1c0611 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp3204/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp3204/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import sensor, voltage_sampler
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_NUMBER
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import MCP3204, mcp3204_ns
 
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(
         config[CONF_ID],
         config[CONF_NUMBER],
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp3221/sensor.py b/esphome/components/mcp3221/sensor.py
index 993876c2c8..30e972d808 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp3221/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp3221/sensor.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_VOLT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["voltage_sampler"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     cg.add(var.set_reference_voltage(config[CONF_REFERENCE_VOLTAGE]))
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp4461/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mcp4461/__init__.py
index f3ef6f4917..60cece67d7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp4461/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp4461/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@p1ngb4ck"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(
         config[CONF_ID],
         config[CONF_DISABLE_WIPER_0],
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp4461/mcp4461.cpp b/esphome/components/mcp4461/mcp4461.cpp
index abc74b9e6d..cc53f9de7f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp4461/mcp4461.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp4461/mcp4461.cpp
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ uint16_t Mcp4461Component::read_wiper_level_(uint8_t wiper_idx, bool *ok) {
   if (!(this->read_16_(reg, &buf))) {
     this->error_code_ = MCP4461_STATUS_I2C_ERROR;
     this->status_set_warning();
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Error fetching %swiper %u value", (wiper_idx > 3) ? "nonvolatile " : "", wiper_idx);
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Error fetching %swiper %u value", (wiper_idx > 3) ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("nonvolatile ") : "", wiper_idx);
     return 0;
   }
   if (ok != nullptr) {
@@ -377,7 +377,8 @@ void Mcp4461Component::write_wiper_level_(uint8_t wiper, uint16_t value) {
   if (!(this->mcp4461_write_(this->get_wiper_address_(wiper), value, nonvolatile))) {
     this->error_code_ = MCP4461_STATUS_I2C_ERROR;
     this->status_set_warning();
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Error writing %swiper %u level %u", (wiper > 3) ? "nonvolatile " : "", wiper, value);
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Error writing %swiper %u level %u", (wiper > 3) ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("nonvolatile ") : "", wiper,
+             value);
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp4461/output/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mcp4461/output/__init__.py
index 1642f6149a..db1a1e6a29 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp4461/output/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp4461/output/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_ID, CONF_INITIAL_VALUE
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_MCP4461_ID, Mcp4461Component, mcp4461_ns
 
@@ -34,7 +37,7 @@ CONF_NONVOLATILE_WRITE_DELAY = "nonvolatile_write_delay"
 VOLATILE_CHANNELS = ("A", "B", "C", "D")
 
 
-def _validate_nonvolatile(config):
+def _validate_nonvolatile(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     channel = str(config[CONF_CHANNEL])
 
     # Channels E-H address the nonvolatile registers directly — the mirroring options only
@@ -49,7 +52,7 @@ def _validate_nonvolatile(config):
                 f"enabling '{CONF_NONVOLATILE}' or setting '{CONF_NONVOLATILE_WRITE_DELAY}' is only valid for the "
                 f"volatile channels A-D; channels E-H are the nonvolatile registers themselves"
             )
-        return config
+        return
 
     config.setdefault(CONF_NONVOLATILE, True)
     if config[CONF_NONVOLATILE]:
@@ -62,7 +65,6 @@ def _validate_nonvolatile(config):
         raise cv.Invalid(
             f"'{CONF_NONVOLATILE_WRITE_DELAY}' requires '{CONF_NONVOLATILE}: true'"
         )
-    return config
 
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
@@ -90,7 +92,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _validate_nonvolatile
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MCP4461_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(
         config[CONF_ID],
@@ -148,7 +150,12 @@ TERMINAL_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 @automation.register_action(
     "mcp4461.wiper.decrease", WiperDecreaseAction, WIPER_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
-async def mcp4461_wiper_step_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def mcp4461_wiper_step_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     wiper = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, wiper)
 
@@ -159,7 +166,12 @@ async def mcp4461_wiper_step_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     WIPER_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def mcp4461_wiper_store_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def mcp4461_wiper_store_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     wiper = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, wiper)
 
@@ -170,7 +182,12 @@ async def mcp4461_wiper_store_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     TERMINAL_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def mcp4461_wiper_terminal_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def mcp4461_wiper_terminal_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     wiper = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(
         action_id, template_arg, wiper, ord(config[CONF_TERMINAL]), config[CONF_ENABLE]
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp4725/output.py b/esphome/components/mcp4725/output.py
index 5ec6a9d686..0c1224a1a7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp4725/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp4725/output.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp4728/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mcp4728/__init__.py
index da3244be84..f48bdde681 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp4728/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp4728/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@berfenger"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], config[CONF_STORE_IN_EEPROM])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp4728/output/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mcp4728/output/__init__.py
index 6f4a41510f..e8cb4c47d6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp4728/output/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp4728/output/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_GAIN, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_MCP4728_ID, MCP4728Component, mcp4728_ns
 
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MCP4728_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(
         config[CONF_ID],
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp47a1/output.py b/esphome/components/mcp47a1/output.py
index ebd597cfeb..91bb3b47db 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp47a1/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp47a1/output.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp9600/sensor.py b/esphome/components/mcp9600/sensor.py
index 65ae5f2eec..5542ffaa6c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp9600/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp9600/sensor.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_HOT_JUNCTION = "hot_junction"
 CONF_COLD_JUNCTION = "cold_junction"
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = i2c.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
 
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp9808/sensor.py b/esphome/components/mcp9808/sensor.py
index ba6718ca56..1daaa9c131 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp9808/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp9808/sensor.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@k7hpn"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/md5/__init__.py b/esphome/components/md5/__init__.py
index 1710b00e66..6a928d1682 100644
--- a/esphome/components/md5/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/md5/__init__.py
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.core import CORE
 from esphome.helpers import IS_MACOS
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_define("USE_MD5")
 
     # Add OpenSSL library for host platform
diff --git a/esphome/components/mdns/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mdns/__init__.py
index 2d4f6085e5..f039bb69f0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mdns/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mdns/__init__.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components.esp32 import add_idf_component
+from esphome.components.esp32 import add_idf_component, add_idf_sdkconfig_option
 from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_platform, get_logger_level
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_PROTOCOL,
     CONF_SERVICE,
     CONF_SERVICES,
+    CONF_WIFI,
     PlatformFramework,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, Lambda, coroutine_with_priority
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ MDNSTXTRecord = mdns_ns.struct("MDNSTXTRecord")
 MDNSService = mdns_ns.struct("MDNSService")
 
 
-def _remove_id_if_disabled(value):
+def _remove_id_if_disabled(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     value = value.copy()
     if value[CONF_DISABLED]:
         value.pop(CONF_ID)
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ def _consume_mdns_sockets(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     return config
 
 
-def _require_network_interface(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+def _require_network_interface(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     """Require a network interface for mDNS on Arduino/LEAmDNS platforms.
 
     On ESP8266 and RP2040 the C++ implementation needs at least one IP state
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ def _require_network_interface(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     that never initializes.
     """
     if config.get(CONF_DISABLED) or not (CORE.is_esp8266 or CORE.is_rp2):
-        return config
+        return
     full_config = fv.full_config.get()
     has_wifi = "wifi" in full_config
     has_ethernet = CORE.is_rp2 and "ethernet" in full_config
@@ -81,7 +82,6 @@ def _require_network_interface(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
             "mdns on this platform requires a network interface — "
             f"add a {options} component to your configuration."
         )
-    return config
 
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ def mdns_txt_record(key: str, value: str) -> cg.RawExpression:
 
 
 async def _mdns_txt_record_templated(
-    mdns_comp: cg.Pvariable, key: str, value: Lambda | str
+    mdns_comp: cg.MockObj, key: str, value: Lambda | str
 ) -> cg.RawExpression:
     """Create a mDNS TXT record with support for templated values.
 
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ def mdns_service(
     )
 
 
-def enable_mdns_storage():
+def enable_mdns_storage() -> None:
     """Enable persistent storage of mDNS services in the MDNSComponent.
 
     Called by external components (like OpenThread) that need access to
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ def enable_mdns_storage():
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.NETWORK_SERVICES)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if config[CONF_DISABLED] is True:
         return
 
@@ -209,7 +209,16 @@ async def to_code(config):
                 ethernet.request_ethernet_ip_state_listener()
 
     if CORE.is_esp32:
-        add_idf_component(name="espressif/mdns", ref="1.11.3")
+        add_idf_component(name="espressif/mdns", ref="1.12.0")
+        # ESPHome only advertises; the browse APIs are unused
+        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_MDNS_ENABLE_BROWSE", False)
+        # The mdns console CLI is never used by ESPHome
+        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_MDNS_ENABLE_CONSOLE_CLI", False)
+        if CONF_WIFI not in CORE.config:
+            # Without WiFi the predefined STA/AP interface handlers are dead
+            # code; disabling them lets mdns build without the WiFi stack.
+            add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_MDNS_PREDEF_NETIF_STA", False)
+            add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_MDNS_PREDEF_NETIF_AP", False)
 
     cg.add_define("USE_MDNS")
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_esp8266.cpp b/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_esp8266.cpp
index f6d5786675..1f0b3c9519 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_esp8266.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_esp8266.cpp
@@ -41,7 +41,19 @@ static void register_esp8266(MDNSComponent *, StaticVector<MDNSService, MDNS_SER
 #ifdef USE_MDNS_EVENT_DRIVEN_POLLING
 void MDNSComponent::start_polling_window_() {
   // uint32_t-ID set_interval/set_timeout already does atomic cancel-and-add.
-  this->set_interval(MDNS_POLL_ID, MDNS_UPDATE_INTERVAL_MS, []() { MDNS.update(); });
+  this->set_interval(MDNS_POLL_ID, MDNS_UPDATE_INTERVAL_MS, []() {
+#ifdef USE_MDNS_WIFI_LISTENER
+    // MDNS.update() can suspend the loop in UdpContext::sendTimeout() while a send is
+    // failing (radio off-channel during a roam scan, or mid reconnect); an incoming
+    // packet then re-enters LEAmDNS from lwIP and corrupts shared UdpContext state.
+    // Skip the tick while the radio cannot transmit (#18760), but keep polling while
+    // the AP is serving clients (AP-only or fallback AP with the STA down).
+    auto *wifi = wifi::global_wifi_component;
+    if (wifi->is_roaming() || (!wifi->is_connected() && !wifi->is_ap_active()))
+      return;
+#endif
+    MDNS.update();
+  });
   this->set_timeout(MDNS_POLL_STOP_ID, MDNS_POLL_WINDOW_MS, [this]() { this->cancel_interval(MDNS_POLL_ID); });
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/media_player/media_player.cpp b/esphome/components/media_player/media_player.cpp
index 7dce74117a..6c3eef912e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/media_player/media_player.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/media_player/media_player.cpp
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ void MediaPlayerCall::perform() {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "  Volume: %.2f", this->volume_.value());
   }
   if (this->announcement_.has_value()) {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, " Announcement: %s", this->announcement_.value() ? "yes" : "no");
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, " Announcement: %s", this->announcement_.value() ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("yes") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("no"));
   }
   this->parent_->control(*this);
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/media_source/__init__.py b/esphome/components/media_source/__init__.py
index 43256db4af..c9dab7e4d2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/media_source/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/media_source/__init__.py
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@ import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
 from esphome.core import CORE
 from esphome.coroutine import CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
-from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, MockObjClass
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kahrendt"]
 
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ media_source_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("media_source")
 MediaSource = media_source_ns.class_("MediaSource")
 
 
-async def register_media_source(var, config):
+async def register_media_source(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     if not CORE.has_id(config[CONF_ID]):
         var = cg.Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], var)
     CORE.register_platform_component("media_source", var)
@@ -35,6 +36,6 @@ def media_source_schema(
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.CORE)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_global(media_source_ns.using)
     cg.add_define("USE_MEDIA_SOURCE")
diff --git a/esphome/components/mhz19/sensor.py b/esphome/components/mhz19/sensor.py
index b7d0ad1998..33cb27080c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mhz19/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mhz19/sensor.py
@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
 
@@ -78,7 +81,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
@@ -129,7 +132,12 @@ NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
     NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def mhz19_no_args_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def mhz19_no_args_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
@@ -151,7 +159,12 @@ RANGE_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
     RANGE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def mhz19_detection_range_set_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def mhz19_detection_range_set_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     detection_range = config.get(CONF_DETECTION_RANGE)
diff --git a/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/__init__.py b/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/__init__.py
index 255923f878..092c4977ce 100644
--- a/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/__init__.py
@@ -166,12 +166,7 @@ MANIFEST_SCHEMA_V2 = cv.Schema(
 
 
 def _compute_local_file_path(config: dict) -> Path:
-    url = config[CONF_URL]
-    h = hashlib.new("sha256")
-    h.update(url.encode())
-    key = h.hexdigest()[:8]
-    base_dir = external_files.compute_local_file_dir(DOMAIN)
-    return base_dir / key
+    return external_files.compute_local_file_path(DOMAIN, config[CONF_URL])
 
 
 def _convert_manifest_v1_to_v2(v1_manifest):
@@ -389,11 +384,14 @@ def _download_http_models(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
         return config
 
     external_files.download_content_many(
-        ((url, path / "manifest.json") for path, url in http_models.items()),
+        (
+            external_files.RemoteFile(url, path / "manifest.json")
+            for path, url in http_models.items()
+        ),
         description="wake word manifest(s)",
     )
 
-    model_files: list[tuple[str, Path]] = []
+    model_files: list[external_files.RemoteFile] = []
     errors: list[cv.Invalid] = []
     for path, url in http_models.items():
         try:
@@ -412,7 +410,7 @@ def _download_http_models(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
                 cv.Invalid(f"Manifest file at {url} is missing the 'model' key")
             )
             continue
-        model_files.append((urljoin(url, model), path / model))
+        model_files.append(external_files.RemoteFile(urljoin(url, model), path / model))
     if errors:
         raise cv.MultipleInvalid(errors)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/micronova/__init__.py b/esphome/components/micronova/__init__.py
index b462352229..ff06d0b913 100644
--- a/esphome/components/micronova/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/micronova/__init__.py
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
 from esphome.core import CORE, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.coroutine import CoroPriority
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jorre05", "@edenhaus"]
 
@@ -63,7 +65,7 @@ def MICRONOVA_ADDRESS_SCHEMA(
     default_memory_location: int | None = None,
     default_memory_address: int | None = None,
     is_polling_component: bool,
-):
+) -> cv.Schema:
     location_key = (
         cv.Optional(CONF_MEMORY_LOCATION, default=default_memory_location)
         if default_memory_location is not None
@@ -91,7 +93,9 @@ def register_micronova_writer() -> None:
     _get_data().has_writer = True
 
 
-async def to_code_micronova_listener(mv, var, config):
+async def to_code_micronova_listener(
+    mv: MockObj, var: MockObj, config: ConfigType
+) -> None:
     _get_data().listener_count += 1
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     cg.add(var.set_memory_location(config[CONF_MEMORY_LOCATION]))
@@ -100,7 +104,7 @@ async def to_code_micronova_listener(mv, var, config):
     cg.add(mv.register_micronova_listener(var))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     enable_rx_pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_ENABLE_RX_PIN])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], enable_rx_pin)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/micronova/button/__init__.py b/esphome/components/micronova/button/__init__.py
index 63b127e63d..68b5b9aca6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/micronova/button/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/micronova/button/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import button
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     CONF_MEMORY_ADDRESS,
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mv = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MICRONOVA_ID])
 
     if custom_button_config := config.get(CONF_CUSTOM_BUTTON):
diff --git a/esphome/components/micronova/number/__init__.py b/esphome/components/micronova/number/__init__.py
index bcc972c5a9..d33bb150ce 100644
--- a/esphome/components/micronova/number/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/micronova/number/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import number
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_STEP, DEVICE_CLASS_TEMPERATURE, UNIT_CELSIUS
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     CONF_MICRONOVA_ID,
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mv = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MICRONOVA_ID])
 
     if thermostat_temperature_config := config.get(CONF_THERMOSTAT_TEMPERATURE):
diff --git a/esphome/components/micronova/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/micronova/sensor/__init__.py
index e53c49aca5..6091718d65 100644
--- a/esphome/components/micronova/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/micronova/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_REVOLUTIONS_PER_MINUTE,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     CONF_MICRONOVA_ID,
@@ -125,7 +126,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mv = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MICRONOVA_ID])
 
     for key, divisor in {
diff --git a/esphome/components/micronova/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/micronova/switch/__init__.py
index e149ee3ce3..1f57497ad7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/micronova/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/micronova/switch/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import switch
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import ICON_POWER
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     CONF_MICRONOVA_ID,
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mv = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MICRONOVA_ID])
 
     if stove_config := config.get(CONF_STOVE):
diff --git a/esphome/components/micronova/text_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/micronova/text_sensor/__init__.py
index 33d0779eae..d6b94c437f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/micronova/text_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/micronova/text_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     CONF_MICRONOVA_ID,
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mv = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MICRONOVA_ID])
 
     if stove_state_config := config.get(CONF_STOVE_STATE):
diff --git a/esphome/components/microphone/__init__.py b/esphome/components/microphone/__init__.py
index 6b5ee8c3e1..9a3f5b43e7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/microphone/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/microphone/__init__.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable
+
 from esphome import automation
 from esphome.automation import maybe_simple_id
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -12,8 +14,10 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ON_DATA,
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID
 from esphome.coroutine import CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["audio"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz", "@kahrendt"]
@@ -50,7 +54,7 @@ IsCapturingCondition = microphone_ns.class_(
 IsMutedCondition = microphone_ns.class_("IsMutedCondition", automation.Condition)
 
 
-async def setup_microphone_core_(var, config):
+async def setup_microphone_core_(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_DATA, []):
         trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
         await automation.build_automation(
@@ -60,7 +64,7 @@ async def setup_microphone_core_(var, config):
         )
 
 
-async def register_microphone(var, config):
+async def register_microphone(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if not CORE.has_id(config[CONF_ID]):
         var = cg.Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], var)
     await setup_microphone_core_(var, config)
@@ -85,7 +89,7 @@ def microphone_source_schema(
     max_bits_per_sample: int = 16,
     min_channels: int = 1,
     max_channels: int = 1,
-):
+) -> cv.All:
     """Schema for a microphone source
 
     Components requesting microphone data should use this schema instead of accessing a microphone directly.
@@ -97,7 +101,7 @@ def microphone_source_schema(
       max_channels (int, optional): Maximum number of channels the requesting component supports. Defaults to 1.
     """
 
-    def _validate_unique_channels(config):
+    def _validate_unique_channels(config: list[int]) -> list[int]:
         if len(config) != len(set(config)):
             raise cv.Invalid("Channels must be unique")
         return config
@@ -124,7 +128,7 @@ def microphone_source_schema(
 
 def final_validate_microphone_source_schema(
     component_name: str, sample_rate: int = cv.UNDEFINED
-):
+) -> Callable[[ConfigType], ConfigType]:
     """Validates that the microphone source can provide audio in the correct format. In particular it validates the sample rate and the enabled channels.
 
     Note that:
@@ -136,7 +140,7 @@ def final_validate_microphone_source_schema(
         sample_rate (int, optional): The sample rate the component requesting mic audio requires
     """
 
-    def _validate_audio_compatability(config):
+    def _validate_audio_compatability(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
         if sample_rate is not cv.UNDEFINED:
             # Issues require changing the microphone configuration
             #  - Verifies sample rates match
@@ -161,7 +165,9 @@ def final_validate_microphone_source_schema(
     return _validate_audio_compatability
 
 
-async def microphone_source_to_code(config, passive=False):
+async def microphone_source_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType, passive: bool = False
+) -> MockObj:
     """Creates a MicrophoneSource variable for codegen.
 
     Setting passive to true makes the MicrophoneSource never start/stop the microphone, but only receives audio when another component has actively started the Microphone. If false, then the microphone needs to be explicitly started/stopped.
@@ -183,7 +189,12 @@ async def microphone_source_to_code(config, passive=False):
     return mic_source
 
 
-async def microphone_action(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def microphone_action(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
@@ -219,6 +230,6 @@ automation.register_condition(
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.CORE)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_global(microphone_ns.using)
     cg.add_define("USE_MICROPHONE")
diff --git a/esphome/components/mics_4514/sensor.py b/esphome/components/mics_4514/sensor.py
index 09329ebfcf..3ba560c781 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mics_4514/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mics_4514/sensor.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/midea_ir/climate.py b/esphome/components/midea_ir/climate.py
index cbf5fae6fe..84bfeab0d4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/midea_ir/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/midea_ir/climate.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_USE_FAHRENHEIT
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir", "coolix"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@dudanov"]
@@ -17,6 +18,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(MideaIR).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
     cg.add(var.set_fahrenheit(config[CONF_USE_FAHRENHEIT]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/display.py b/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/display.py
index e5bb3d413d..b23982655a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/display.py
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_WIDTH,
 )
 from esphome.final_validate import full_config
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import mipi_dsi_ns, models
 from .models import DsiDriverChip
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ COLOR_DEPTHS = {
 }
 
 
-def model_schema(config):
+def model_schema(config: ConfigType) -> cv.All:
     model = MODELS[config[CONF_MODEL].upper()]
     transform = model.transform_schema()
     # CUSTOM model will need to provide a custom init sequence
@@ -148,7 +149,7 @@ def model_schema(config):
 
 
 @model_schema_extractor(MODELS, model_schema)
-def _config_schema(config):
+def _config_schema(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     config = cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.Required(CONF_MODEL): cv.one_of(*MODELS, upper=True),
@@ -175,7 +176,7 @@ def _config_schema(config):
     return config
 
 
-def _final_validate(config):
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     global_config = full_config.get()
 
     from esphome.components.lvgl import DOMAIN as LVGL_DOMAIN
@@ -183,14 +184,13 @@ def _final_validate(config):
     if not requires_buffer(config) and LVGL_DOMAIN not in global_config:
         # If no drawing methods are configured, and LVGL is not enabled, show a test card
         config[CONF_SHOW_TEST_CARD] = True
-    return config
 
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = _config_schema
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     model = MODELS[config[CONF_MODEL].upper()]
     color_depth = COLOR_DEPTHS[get_color_depth(config)]
     pixel_mode = int(config[CONF_PIXEL_MODE].removesuffix("bit"))
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/mipi_dsi.cpp b/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/mipi_dsi.cpp
index 0ff934ae94..0850b50c85 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/mipi_dsi.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/mipi_dsi.cpp
@@ -237,8 +237,9 @@ void MipiDsi::write_to_display_(int x_start, int y_start, int w, int h, const ui
       xSemaphoreTake(this->io_lock_, portMAX_DELAY);
     }
   }
-  if (err != ESP_OK)
+  if (err != ESP_OK) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "lcd_lcd_panel_draw_bitmap failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
+  }
 }
 
 bool MipiDsi::check_buffer_() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/display.py b/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/display.py
index ebe930d37a..b91528160e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/display.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import importlib
 import pkgutil
+from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -11,7 +12,12 @@ from esphome.components.const import (
     CONF_DRAW_ROUNDING,
 )
 from esphome.components.display import CONF_SHOW_TEST_CARD
-from esphome.components.esp32 import VARIANT_ESP32P4, VARIANT_ESP32S3, only_on_variant
+from esphome.components.esp32 import (
+    VARIANT_ESP32P4,
+    VARIANT_ESP32S3,
+    VARIANT_ESP32S31,
+    only_on_variant,
+)
 from esphome.components.mipi import (
     COLOR_ORDERS,
     CONF_DE_PIN,
@@ -72,6 +78,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_WIDTH,
 )
 from esphome.final_validate import full_config
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import models
 from .models import RgbDriverChip
@@ -97,7 +104,7 @@ for module_info in pkgutil.iter_modules(models.__path__):
 MODELS = DriverChip.get_models()
 
 
-def data_pin_validate(value):
+def data_pin_validate(value: Any) -> ConfigType:
     """
     It is safe to use strapping pins as RGB output data bits, as they are outputs only,
     and not initialised until after boot.
@@ -112,14 +119,14 @@ def data_pin_validate(value):
     return DATA_PIN_SCHEMA(value)
 
 
-def data_pin_set(length):
+def data_pin_set(length: int) -> cv.All:
     return cv.All(
         [data_pin_validate],
         cv.Length(min=length, max=length, msg=f"Exactly {length} data pins required"),
     )
 
 
-def model_schema(config):
+def model_schema(config: ConfigType) -> cv.Schema:
     model = MODELS[config[CONF_MODEL].upper()]
     transform = model.transform_schema()
     # RPI model does not use an init sequence, indicates with empty list
@@ -213,7 +220,7 @@ def model_schema(config):
 
 
 @model_schema_extractor(MODELS, model_schema)
-def _config_schema(config):
+def _config_schema(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     config = cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.Required(CONF_MODEL): cv.one_of(*MODELS, upper=True),
@@ -224,7 +231,7 @@ def _config_schema(config):
     config = cv.All(
         schema,
         cv.only_on_esp32,
-        only_on_variant(supported=[VARIANT_ESP32S3, VARIANT_ESP32P4]),
+        only_on_variant(supported=[VARIANT_ESP32S3, VARIANT_ESP32P4, VARIANT_ESP32S31]),
     )(config)
     model = MODELS[config[CONF_MODEL].upper()]
     model.check_requirements()
@@ -248,7 +255,7 @@ def _config_schema(config):
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = _config_schema
 
 
-def _final_validate(config):
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     global_config = full_config.get()
 
     from esphome.components.lvgl import DOMAIN as LVGL_DOMAIN
@@ -260,13 +267,12 @@ def _final_validate(config):
         config = spi.final_validate_device_schema(
             "mipi_rgb", require_miso=False, require_mosi=True
         )(config)
-    return config
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     model = MODELS[config[CONF_MODEL].upper()]
     width, height, _offset_width, _offset_height, _pad_width, _pad_height = (
         model.get_dimensions(config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/mipi_rgb.cpp b/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/mipi_rgb.cpp
index b07460fdba..c11044c288 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/mipi_rgb.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/mipi_rgb.cpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-#if defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4)
+#if defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S31)
 #include "mipi_rgb.h"
 #include "esphome/core/gpio.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include <driver/gpio.h>
-#include <esp_lcd_panel_rgb.h>
+#include <esp_lcd_panel_ops.h>
 #include <span>
 
 namespace esphome::mipi_rgb {
@@ -177,11 +177,6 @@ void MipiRgb::common_setup_() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "MipiRgb setup complete");
 }
 
-void MipiRgb::loop() {
-  if (this->handle_ != nullptr)
-    esp_lcd_rgb_panel_restart(this->handle_);
-}
-
 void MipiRgb::update() {
   if (this->is_failed())
     return;
@@ -243,8 +238,9 @@ void MipiRgb::write_to_display_(int x_start, int y_start, int w, int h, const ui
       ptr += stride;  // next line
     }
   }
-  if (err != ESP_OK)
+  if (err != ESP_OK) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "lcd_lcd_panel_draw_bitmap failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
+  }
 }
 
 bool MipiRgb::check_buffer_() {
@@ -345,7 +341,7 @@ int MipiRgb::get_height() {
   }
 }
 
-static const char *get_pin_name(GPIOPin *pin, std::span<char, GPIO_SUMMARY_MAX_LEN> buffer) {
+[[maybe_unused]] static const char *get_pin_name(GPIOPin *pin, std::span<char, GPIO_SUMMARY_MAX_LEN> buffer) {
   if (pin == nullptr)
     return "None";
   pin->dump_summary(buffer.data(), buffer.size());
@@ -400,4 +396,5 @@ void MipiRgb::dump_config() {
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::mipi_rgb
-#endif  // defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4)
+#endif  // defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4) ||
+        // defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S31)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/mipi_rgb.h b/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/mipi_rgb.h
index 1480004833..f528943c1b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/mipi_rgb.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/mipi_rgb.h
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#if defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4)
+#if defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S31)
 #include "esphome/core/gpio.h"
 #include "esphome/components/display/display.h"
-#include "esp_lcd_panel_ops.h"
+#include <esp_lcd_panel_rgb.h>
 #ifdef USE_SPI
 #include "esphome/components/spi/spi.h"
 #endif
@@ -25,7 +25,12 @@ class MipiRgb : public display::Display {
  public:
   MipiRgb(int width, int height) : width_(width), height_(height) {}
   void setup() override;
-  void loop() override;
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3
+  void loop() override {
+    if (this->handle_ != nullptr)
+      esp_lcd_rgb_panel_restart(this->handle_);
+  }
+#endif
   void update() override;
   void fill(Color color) override;
   void draw_pixels_at(int x_start, int y_start, int w, int h, const uint8_t *ptr, display::ColorOrder order,
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/models/elecrow.py b/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/models/elecrow.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..acc36beb74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/models/elecrow.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+from . import RgbDriverChip
+
+# fmt: off
+RgbDriverChip(
+    "CROWPANEL-ADVANCE-7",
+    requires={"psram"},
+    initsequence=(),
+    pclk_frequency="20MHz",
+    hsync_pulse_width=4,
+    hsync_front_porch=8,
+    hsync_back_porch=8,
+    vsync_pulse_width=4,
+    vsync_front_porch=8,
+    vsync_back_porch=8,
+    pclk_inverted=True,
+    color_order="RGB",
+    width=800,
+    height=480,
+    de_pin=42,
+    hsync_pin=40,
+    vsync_pin=41,
+    pclk_pin=39,
+    data_pins={
+        "red": [7, 17, 18, 3, 46],
+        "green": [9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14],
+        "blue": [21, 47, 48, 45, 38],
+    },
+)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/models/st7701s.py b/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/models/st7701s.py
index a20e9d1c01..cad5dc8e20 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/models/st7701s.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/models/st7701s.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ SDIR_CMD = 0xC7
 
 class ST7701S(RgbDriverChip):
     # The ST7701s does not use the standard MADCTL bits for x/y mirroring
-    def add_madctl(self, sequence: list, config: dict):
+    def add_madctl(self, sequence: list, config: dict) -> int:
         transform = self.get_transform(config)
         madctl = 0x00
         if config[CONF_COLOR_ORDER] == MODE_BGR:
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/display.py b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/display.py
index 246db237b1..e8b54da5c7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/display.py
@@ -53,8 +53,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TRANSFORM,
     CONF_WIDTH,
 )
-from esphome.cpp_generator import TemplateArguments
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass, TemplateArguments
 from esphome.final_validate import full_config
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_BUS_MODE, CONF_SPI_16, DOMAIN, models
 
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ DISPLAY_PIXEL_MODES = {
 }
 
 
-def denominator(config):
+def denominator(config: ConfigType) -> int:
     """
     Calculate the best denominator for a buffer size fraction.
     The denominator should be a number between 2 and 16 that divides the display height evenly,
@@ -132,7 +133,7 @@ def denominator(config):
         return next(x for x in range(2, 17) if frac >= 1 / x)
 
 
-def model_schema(config):
+def model_schema(config: ConfigType) -> cv.All | cv.Schema:
     model = MODELS[config[CONF_MODEL]]
     bus_mode = config[CONF_BUS_MODE]
     transform = model.transform_schema()
@@ -238,7 +239,7 @@ def model_schema(config):
 
 
 @model_schema_extractor(MODELS, model_schema, extra={CONF_BUS_MODE: TYPE_SINGLE})
-def customise_schema(config):
+def customise_schema(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     """
     Create a customised config schema for a specific model and validate the configuration.
     :param config: The configuration dictionary to validate
@@ -305,7 +306,7 @@ def customise_schema(config):
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = customise_schema
 
 
-def _final_validate(config):
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     global_config = full_config.get()
     model = MODELS[config[CONF_MODEL]]
 
@@ -341,7 +342,7 @@ def _final_validate(config):
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-def get_instance(config):
+def get_instance(config: ConfigType) -> tuple[MockObjClass, list]:
     """
     Get the type of MipiSpi instance to create based on the configuration,
     and the template arguments.
@@ -394,7 +395,7 @@ def get_instance(config):
     return MipiSpi, templateargs
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     model = MODELS[config[CONF_MODEL]]
     var_id = config[CONF_ID]
     init_sequence = model.get_sequence(config, add_madctl=False, add_reset=True)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/mipi_spi.cpp b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/mipi_spi.cpp
index 2eec3b12d1..b2658de6e8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/mipi_spi.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/mipi_spi.cpp
@@ -25,17 +25,21 @@ void internal_dump_config(const char *model, int width, int height, int offset_w
                 "  SPI Bus width: %d",
                 model, width, height, YESNO(madctl & MADCTL_MV), YESNO(madctl & (MADCTL_MX | MADCTL_XFLIP)),
                 YESNO(madctl & (MADCTL_MY | MADCTL_YFLIP)), YESNO(has_hardware_rotation), YESNO(invert_colors),
-                (madctl & MADCTL_BGR) ? "BGR" : "RGB", display_bits, is_big_endian ? "Big" : "Little", spi_mode,
+                (madctl & MADCTL_BGR) ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("BGR") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("RGB"), display_bits,
+                is_big_endian ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("Big") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("Little"), spi_mode,
                 static_cast<unsigned>(data_rate / 1000000), bus_width);
   LOG_PIN("  CS Pin: ", cs);
   LOG_PIN("  Reset Pin: ", reset);
   LOG_PIN("  DC Pin: ", dc);
-  if (offset_width != 0)
+  if (offset_width != 0) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Offset width: %d", offset_width);
-  if (offset_height != 0)
+  }
+  if (offset_height != 0) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Offset height: %d", offset_height);
-  if (brightness.has_value())
+  }
+  if (brightness.has_value()) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Brightness: %u", brightness.value());
+  }
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::mipi_spi
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/mipi_spi.h b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/mipi_spi.h
index b269f46dc9..2552451bd7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/mipi_spi.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/mipi_spi.h
@@ -246,33 +246,36 @@ class MipiSpi : public display::Display,
       this->write_cmd_addr_data(8, 0x02, 24, cmd << 8, bytes, len);
       this->disable();
     } else if constexpr (BUS_TYPE == BUS_TYPE_OCTAL) {
-      this->dc_pin_->digital_write(false);
+      // Toggle D/C only while holding the bus; on boards where D/C doubles as
+      // another bus signal, driving it while another device owns the bus
+      // corrupts that device's transfer.
       this->enable();
+      this->dc_pin_->digital_write(false);
       this->write_cmd_addr_data(0, 0, 0, 0, &cmd, 1, 8);
-      this->disable();
       this->dc_pin_->digital_write(true);
+      this->disable();
       if (len != 0) {
         this->enable();
         this->write_cmd_addr_data(0, 0, 0, 0, bytes, len, 8);
         this->disable();
       }
     } else if constexpr (BUS_TYPE == BUS_TYPE_SINGLE) {
-      this->dc_pin_->digital_write(false);
       this->enable();
+      this->dc_pin_->digital_write(false);
       this->write_byte(cmd);
-      this->disable();
       this->dc_pin_->digital_write(true);
+      this->disable();
       if (len != 0) {
         this->enable();
         this->write_array(bytes, len);
         this->disable();
       }
     } else if constexpr (BUS_TYPE == BUS_TYPE_SINGLE_16) {
-      this->dc_pin_->digital_write(false);
       this->enable();
+      this->dc_pin_->digital_write(false);
       this->write_byte(cmd);
-      this->disable();
       this->dc_pin_->digital_write(true);
+      this->disable();
       for (size_t i = 0; i != len; i++) {
         this->enable();
         this->write_byte(0);
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/jc.py b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/jc.py
index ca9adb4a72..8d2591aefe 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/jc.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/jc.py
@@ -266,8 +266,6 @@ DriverChip(
     "JC3636W518V2",
     height=360,
     width=360,
-    offset_height=1,
-    draw_rounding=1,
     cs_pin=10,
     reset_pin=47,
     invert_colors=True,
diff --git a/esphome/components/mitsubishi/climate.py b/esphome/components/mitsubishi/climate.py
index 8291d70346..2d38351898 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mitsubishi/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mitsubishi/climate.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@RubyBailey"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(MitsubishiClimate).ex
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_fan_mode(config[CONF_SET_FAN_MODE]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/__init__.py
index e69de29bb2..470b7be5fc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+from esphome import automation
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import uart
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_DIRECTION,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_ON_STATE,
+    CONF_TEMPERATURE,
+    CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL,
+    CONF_USE_FAHRENHEIT,
+)
+from esphome.core import ID, Lambda
+from esphome.cpp_generator import LambdaExpression, MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType, TemplateArgsType
+
+CODEOWNERS = ["@crnjan"]
+DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+DOMAIN = "mitsubishi_cn105"
+
+CONF_MITSUBISHI_CN105_ID = f"{DOMAIN}_id"
+CONF_TELEMETRY_REQUEST_MIN_INTERVAL = "telemetry_request_min_interval"
+CONF_VANE = "vane"
+CONF_VERTICAL = "vertical"
+
+mitsubishi_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace(DOMAIN)
+
+MitsubishiCN105Component = mitsubishi_ns.class_(
+    "MitsubishiCN105Component",
+    cg.Component,
+    uart.UARTDevice,
+)
+
+VaneState = mitsubishi_ns.struct("VaneState")
+VaneCall = mitsubishi_ns.class_("VaneCall")
+VerticalVaneMode = mitsubishi_ns.enum("VerticalVaneMode")
+
+# The insertion order must match VALUES in
+# select/mitsubishi_cn105_vane_select_vertical.cpp.
+VERTICAL_VANE_DIRECTIONS = {
+    "AUTO": VerticalVaneMode.VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_AUTO,
+    "1": VerticalVaneMode.VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_POSITION_1,
+    "2": VerticalVaneMode.VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_POSITION_2,
+    "3": VerticalVaneMode.VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_POSITION_3,
+    "4": VerticalVaneMode.VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_POSITION_4,
+    "5": VerticalVaneMode.VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_POSITION_5,
+    "SWING": VerticalVaneMode.VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_SWING,
+}
+
+SetRemoteTemperatureAction = mitsubishi_ns.class_(
+    "SetRemoteTemperatureAction",
+    automation.Action,
+    cg.Parented.template(MitsubishiCN105Component),
+)
+
+ClearRemoteTemperatureAction = mitsubishi_ns.class_(
+    "ClearRemoteTemperatureAction",
+    automation.Action,
+    cg.Parented.template(MitsubishiCN105Component),
+)
+
+VaneControlAction = mitsubishi_ns.class_(
+    "VaneControlAction",
+    automation.Action,
+)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(MitsubishiCN105Component),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL, default="1s"): cv.update_interval,
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_TELEMETRY_REQUEST_MIN_INTERVAL, default="60s"
+            ): cv.update_interval,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_USE_FAHRENHEIT, default=False): cv.boolean,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_VANE): cv.Schema(
+                {
+                    cv.Optional(CONF_ON_STATE): automation.validate_automation({}),
+                }
+            ),
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(uart.UART_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
+)
+
+MITSUBISHI_CN105_DEVICE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_MITSUBISHI_CN105_ID): cv.use_id(MitsubishiCN105Component),
+    }
+)
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    uart.final_validate_device_schema(
+        DOMAIN,
+        require_rx=True,
+        require_tx=True,
+        data_bits=8,
+        parity="EVEN",
+        stop_bits=1,
+    )
+)
+
+
+async def register_mitsubishi_cn105_device(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MITSUBISHI_CN105_ID])
+    cg.add(var.set_parent(parent))
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
+    cg.add(
+        var.set_telemetry_request_min_interval(
+            config[CONF_TELEMETRY_REQUEST_MIN_INTERVAL]
+        )
+    )
+    cg.add(var.set_use_fahrenheit(config[CONF_USE_FAHRENHEIT]))
+    if on_state := config.get(CONF_VANE, {}).get(CONF_ON_STATE):
+        cg.add_global(mitsubishi_ns.using)
+        for conf in on_state:
+            await automation.build_callback_automation(
+                var,
+                "add_on_vane_state_callback",
+                [(VaneState.operator("const").operator("ref"), "x")],
+                conf,
+            )
+
+
+REMOTE_TEMPERATURE_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(MitsubishiCN105Component),
+        cv.Required(CONF_TEMPERATURE): cv.templatable(
+            cv.All(
+                cv.temperature,
+                cv.Range(min=8.0, max=39.5),
+            )
+        ),
+    }
+)
+
+CLEAR_REMOTE_TEMPERATURE_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(MitsubishiCN105Component),
+    }
+)
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    f"{DOMAIN}.set_remote_temperature",
+    SetRemoteTemperatureAction,
+    REMOTE_TEMPERATURE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def remote_temperature_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
+    await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
+    temperature = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_TEMPERATURE], args, float)
+    cg.add(var.set_temperature(temperature))
+    return var
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    f"{DOMAIN}.clear_remote_temperature",
+    ClearRemoteTemperatureAction,
+    CLEAR_REMOTE_TEMPERATURE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def clear_temperature_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
+    await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
+    return var
+
+
+VANE_CONTROL_FIELDS = (
+    (
+        (CONF_VERTICAL, CONF_DIRECTION),
+        "vertical.set_direction",
+        VerticalVaneMode,
+    ),
+)
+
+VANE_CONTROL_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(MitsubishiCN105Component),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_VERTICAL): cv.Schema(
+            {
+                cv.Optional(CONF_DIRECTION): cv.templatable(
+                    cv.enum(VERTICAL_VANE_DIRECTIONS, upper=True)
+                ),
+            }
+        ),
+    }
+)
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    f"{DOMAIN}.vane.control",
+    VaneControlAction,
+    VANE_CONTROL_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def vane_control_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
+    cg.add_global(mitsubishi_ns.using)
+    parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
+    normalized_args = [
+        (cg.RawExpression(f"const std::remove_cvref_t<{cg.safe_exp(t)}> &"), name)
+        for t, name in args
+    ]
+    forwarded_args = ", ".join(name for _, name in args)
+    body_lines: list[str] = []
+
+    for path, setter, type_ in VANE_CONTROL_FIELDS:
+        if (section := config.get(path[0])) is None:
+            continue
+        if (value := section.get(path[1])) is None:
+            continue
+        if isinstance(value, Lambda):
+            inner = await cg.process_lambda(
+                value,
+                normalized_args,
+                return_type=type_,
+            )
+            body_lines.append(f"call.{setter}(({inner})({forwarded_args}));")
+        else:
+            body_lines.append(f"call.{setter}({cg.safe_exp(value)});")
+
+    apply_lambda = LambdaExpression(
+        ["\n".join(body_lines)],
+        [(VaneCall.operator("ref"), "call"), *normalized_args],
+        capture="",
+        return_type=cg.void,
+    )
+    return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, parent, apply_lambda)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/automation.h b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/automation.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f9ca3a47e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/automation.h
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "mitsubishi_cn105_component.h"
+
+#include "esphome/core/automation.h"
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105 {
+
+template<typename... Ts>
+class SetRemoteTemperatureAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<MitsubishiCN105Component> {
+ public:
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, temperature)
+
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->set_remote_temperature(this->temperature_.value(x...)); }
+};
+
+template<typename... Ts>
+class ClearRemoteTemperatureAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<MitsubishiCN105Component> {
+ public:
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->clear_remote_temperature(); }
+};
+
+template<typename... Ts> class VaneControlAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
+ public:
+  using ApplyFn = void (*)(VaneCall &, const std::remove_cvref_t<Ts> &...);
+
+  VaneControlAction(MitsubishiCN105Component *parent, ApplyFn apply) : parent_(parent), apply_(apply) {}
+
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
+    auto call = this->parent_->make_vane_call();
+    this->apply_(call, x...);
+    call.perform();
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  MitsubishiCN105Component *parent_;
+  ApplyFn apply_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105
diff --git a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/climate.py b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/climate.py
index 522b9218fc..05a29b3665 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/climate.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import logging
+
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate, uart
@@ -7,126 +9,248 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_SUPPORTED_SWING_MODES,
     CONF_TEMPERATURE,
+    CONF_UART_ID,
     CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL,
 )
-from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.schema_extractors import SCHEMA_EXTRACT, schema_extractor
 from esphome.types import ConfigType, TemplateArgsType
 
+from . import (
+    CONF_MITSUBISHI_CN105_ID,
+    DOMAIN,
+    MITSUBISHI_CN105_DEVICE_SCHEMA,
+    MitsubishiCN105Component,
+    mitsubishi_ns,
+    register_mitsubishi_cn105_device,
+)
+
+# Legacy climate-owned hub compatibility. Remove in 2027.2.0.
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate"]
-CODEOWNERS = ["@crnjan"]
 
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# Deprecated legacy climate-owned hub option. Remove in 2027.2.0.
 CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE_MIN_INTERVAL = "current_temperature_min_interval"
-
-mitsubishi_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("mitsubishi_cn105")
+# Legacy climate-owned hub compatibility. Remove in 2027.2.0.
+CONF_LEGACY_MITSUBISHI_CN105_ID = "legacy_mitsubishi_cn105_id"
 
 MitsubishiCN105Climate = mitsubishi_ns.class_(
     "MitsubishiCN105Climate",
     climate.Climate,
     cg.Component,
-    uart.UARTDevice,
+    cg.Parented.template(MitsubishiCN105Component),
 )
 
-SetRemoteTemperatureAction = mitsubishi_ns.class_(
-    "SetRemoteTemperatureAction",
+# Legacy climate action compatibility. Remove in 2027.2.0.
+LegacySetRemoteTemperatureAction = mitsubishi_ns.class_(
+    "LegacySetRemoteTemperatureAction",
     automation.Action,
     cg.Parented.template(MitsubishiCN105Climate),
 )
 
-ClearRemoteTemperatureAction = mitsubishi_ns.class_(
-    "ClearRemoteTemperatureAction",
+# Legacy climate action compatibility. Remove in 2027.2.0.
+LegacyClearRemoteTemperatureAction = mitsubishi_ns.class_(
+    "LegacyClearRemoteTemperatureAction",
     automation.Action,
     cg.Parented.template(MitsubishiCN105Climate),
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
-    climate.climate_schema(MitsubishiCN105Climate)
-    .extend(uart.UART_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
+
+# Legacy climate-owned hub compatibility. Remove in 2027.2.0.
+def _has_top_level_hub_config() -> bool:
+    return DOMAIN in (CORE.raw_config or {})
+
+
+# Legacy climate-owned hub compatibility. Remove in 2027.2.0.
+def _prepare_legacy_hub_config(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    _LOGGER.warning(
+        "Defining 'climate.mitsubishi_cn105' without a top-level '%s:' hub is "
+        "deprecated. Declare '%s:' and reference it with '%s:' instead. Will "
+        "be removed in ESPHome 2027.2.0.",
+        DOMAIN,
+        DOMAIN,
+        CONF_MITSUBISHI_CN105_ID,
+    )
+
+    # Add the hidden hub declaration only for legacy climate-owned configs,
+    # so normal auto-ID resolution does not see it as a top-level hub.
+    config[CONF_LEGACY_MITSUBISHI_CN105_ID] = cv.declare_id(MitsubishiCN105Component)(
+        None
+    )
+    return config
+
+
+_BASE_SCHEMA = climate.climate_schema(MitsubishiCN105Climate).extend(
+    {
+        cv.Optional(
+            CONF_SUPPORTED_SWING_MODES, default="OFF"
+        ): validate_climate_swing_mode,
+    }
+)
+
+_HUB_SCHEMA = _BASE_SCHEMA.extend(MITSUBISHI_CN105_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
+
+# Hub options accepted in the legacy climate-owned configuration. When a
+# top-level hub exists, leaving these on the climate is always a migration
+# mistake and the generic schema error does not explain where they belong.
+# Legacy climate-owned hub compatibility. Remove in 2027.2.0.
+_LEGACY_HUB_KEYS = (
+    CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE_MIN_INTERVAL,
+    CONF_UART_ID,
+    CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL,
+)
+
+
+# Legacy climate-owned hub compatibility. Remove in 2027.2.0.
+def _validate_no_legacy_hub_keys(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    legacy_keys = [key for key in _LEGACY_HUB_KEYS if key in config]
+    if not legacy_keys:
+        return config
+
+    keys = ", ".join(f"'{key}'" for key in legacy_keys)
+    message = f"{keys} must be moved under the top-level '{DOMAIN}:' block"
+    if CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE_MIN_INTERVAL in legacy_keys:
+        message += (
+            f"; rename '{CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE_MIN_INTERVAL}' to "
+            "'telemetry_request_min_interval' there"
+        )
+    raise cv.Invalid(message)
+
+
+# Legacy climate-owned hub compatibility. Remove in 2027.2.0.
+_LEGACY_SCHEMA = (
+    _BASE_SCHEMA.extend(uart.UART_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(
         {
-            cv.Optional(CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL, default="1s"): cv.update_interval,
-            cv.Optional(
-                CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE_MIN_INTERVAL, default="60s"
-            ): cv.update_interval,
-            cv.Optional(
-                CONF_SUPPORTED_SWING_MODES, default="OFF"
-            ): validate_climate_swing_mode,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE_MIN_INTERVAL): cv.update_interval,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL): cv.update_interval,
         }
     )
+    .add_extra(_prepare_legacy_hub_config)
 )
 
-FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+
+@schema_extractor("schema")
+def CONFIG_SCHEMA(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    if config is SCHEMA_EXTRACT:
+        return _HUB_SCHEMA
+    if CONF_MITSUBISHI_CN105_ID in config or _has_top_level_hub_config():
+        return _HUB_SCHEMA(_validate_no_legacy_hub_keys(config))
+    return _LEGACY_SCHEMA(config)
+
+
+# Legacy climate-owned hub compatibility. Remove in 2027.2.0.
+def _legacy_final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    if CONF_MITSUBISHI_CN105_ID in config:
+        return
+
     uart.final_validate_device_schema(
-        "mitsubishi_cn105",
+        DOMAIN,
         require_rx=True,
         require_tx=True,
         data_bits=8,
         parity="EVEN",
         stop_bits=1,
-    )
-)
+    )(config)
+
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _legacy_final_validate
 
 
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await climate.new_climate(config)
-    await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
-    cg.add(var.set_supported_swing_mode(config[CONF_SUPPORTED_SWING_MODES]))
-    cg.add(
-        var.set_current_temperature_min_interval(
-            config[CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE_MIN_INTERVAL]
-        )
-    )
-
-
-@automation.register_action(
-    "climate.mitsubishi_cn105.set_remote_temperature",
-    SetRemoteTemperatureAction,
-    cv.Schema(
-        {
-            cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(MitsubishiCN105Climate),
-            cv.Required(CONF_TEMPERATURE): cv.templatable(
-                cv.All(
-                    cv.temperature,
-                    cv.Range(min=8.0, max=39.5),
+    climate_config = config.copy()
+    # update_interval configures the protocol hub, not the climate entity.
+    climate_config.pop(CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL, None)
+    await cg.register_component(var, climate_config)
+    if CONF_MITSUBISHI_CN105_ID in config:
+        await register_mitsubishi_cn105_device(var, config)
+    else:
+        # Legacy climate-owned hub compatibility. Remove in 2027.2.0.
+        parent = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_LEGACY_MITSUBISHI_CN105_ID])
+        await cg.register_component(parent, config)
+        await uart.register_uart_device(parent, config)
+        if CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE_MIN_INTERVAL in config:
+            cg.add(
+                parent.set_telemetry_request_min_interval(
+                    config[CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE_MIN_INTERVAL]
                 )
-            ),
-        }
-    ),
+            )
+        cg.add(var.set_parent(parent))
+    cg.add(var.set_supported_swing_mode(config[CONF_SUPPORTED_SWING_MODES]))
+
+
+# Legacy climate action compatibility. Remove in 2027.2.0.
+LEGACY_REMOTE_TEMPERATURE_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(MitsubishiCN105Climate),
+        cv.Required(CONF_TEMPERATURE): cv.templatable(
+            cv.All(
+                cv.temperature,
+                cv.Range(min=8.0, max=39.5),
+            )
+        ),
+    }
+)
+
+# Legacy climate action compatibility. Remove in 2027.2.0.
+LEGACY_CLEAR_REMOTE_TEMPERATURE_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(MitsubishiCN105Climate),
+    }
+)
+
+
+# Legacy climate action compatibility. Remove in 2027.2.0.
+@automation.register_action(
+    f"climate.{DOMAIN}.set_remote_temperature",
+    LegacySetRemoteTemperatureAction,
+    LEGACY_REMOTE_TEMPERATURE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def set_remote_temperature_action_to_code(
+async def legacy_remote_temperature_action_to_code(
     config: ConfigType,
     action_id: ID,
     template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
     args: TemplateArgsType,
 ) -> MockObj:
+    _LOGGER.warning(
+        "The 'climate.%s.set_remote_temperature' action is deprecated. Use "
+        "'%s.set_remote_temperature' instead. It will be removed in ESPHome "
+        "2027.2.0.",
+        DOMAIN,
+        DOMAIN,
+    )
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
-
     temperature = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_TEMPERATURE], args, float)
     cg.add(var.set_temperature(temperature))
-
     return var
 
 
+# Legacy climate action compatibility. Remove in 2027.2.0.
 @automation.register_action(
-    "climate.mitsubishi_cn105.clear_remote_temperature",
-    ClearRemoteTemperatureAction,
-    cv.Schema(
-        {
-            cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(MitsubishiCN105Climate),
-        }
-    ),
+    f"climate.{DOMAIN}.clear_remote_temperature",
+    LegacyClearRemoteTemperatureAction,
+    LEGACY_CLEAR_REMOTE_TEMPERATURE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def clear_remote_temperature_action_to_code(
+async def legacy_clear_temperature_action_to_code(
     config: ConfigType,
     action_id: ID,
     template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
     args: TemplateArgsType,
 ) -> MockObj:
+    _LOGGER.warning(
+        "The 'climate.%s.clear_remote_temperature' action is deprecated. Use "
+        "'%s.clear_remote_temperature' instead. It will be removed in ESPHome "
+        "2027.2.0.",
+        DOMAIN,
+        DOMAIN,
+    )
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105.cpp b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105.cpp
index 4782a2ef93..3d30d1a25f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
+#include "mitsubishi_cn105.h"
+
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <array>
 #include <cmath>
 #include <numeric>
-#include "mitsubishi_cn105.h"
+#include "mitsubishi_cn105_properties.h"
 
 namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105 {
 
@@ -10,8 +12,6 @@ static const char *const TAG = "mitsubishi_cn105.driver";
 
 static constexpr uint32_t RESPONSE_TIMEOUT_MS = 2000;
 
-static constexpr uint8_t TARGET_TEMPERATURE_ENC_A_OFFSET = 31;
-
 static constexpr size_t REQUEST_PAYLOAD_LEN = 0x10;
 static constexpr size_t HEADER_LEN = 5;
 static constexpr uint8_t PREAMBLE = 0xFC;
@@ -25,91 +25,11 @@ static constexpr std::array<uint8_t, 2> CONNECT_REQUEST_PAYLOAD = {0xCA, 0x01};
 static constexpr uint8_t PACKET_TYPE_STATUS_REQUEST = 0x42;
 static constexpr uint8_t PACKET_TYPE_STATUS_RESPONSE = 0x62;
 static constexpr uint8_t STATUS_MSG_SETTINGS = 0x02;
-static constexpr uint8_t STATUS_MSG_ROOM_TEMP = 0x03;
+static constexpr uint8_t STATUS_MSG_TELEMETRY = 0x03;
 
 static constexpr uint8_t PACKET_TYPE_WRITE_SETTINGS_REQUEST = 0x41;
 static constexpr uint8_t PACKET_TYPE_WRITE_SETTINGS_RESPONSE = 0x61;
 
-template<auto Unknown, size_t N> struct LookupMap {
-  using value_type = decltype(Unknown);
-  static constexpr auto UNKNOWN_VALUE = Unknown;
-  const std::array<value_type, N> table;
-
-  constexpr value_type lookup(uint8_t raw) const { return (raw < N) ? this->table[raw] : UNKNOWN_VALUE; }
-
-  constexpr bool reverse_lookup(value_type value, uint8_t &out) const {
-    static_assert(N <= std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max());
-    if (value == UNKNOWN_VALUE) {
-      return false;
-    }
-    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < static_cast<uint8_t>(N); ++i) {
-      if (this->table[i] == value) {
-        out = i;
-        return true;
-      }
-    }
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  constexpr bool is_valid(value_type value) const {
-    uint8_t raw;
-    return reverse_lookup(value, raw);
-  }
-};
-
-template<auto Unknown, class T, std::size_t N> static constexpr auto make_map(const T (&values)[N]) {
-  return LookupMap<Unknown, N>{std::to_array(values)};
-}
-
-static constexpr auto PROTOCOL_MODE_MAP = make_map<MitsubishiCN105::Mode::UNKNOWN>({
-    MitsubishiCN105::Mode::UNKNOWN,   // 0x00
-    MitsubishiCN105::Mode::HEAT,      // 0x01
-    MitsubishiCN105::Mode::DRY,       // 0x02
-    MitsubishiCN105::Mode::COOL,      // 0x03
-    MitsubishiCN105::Mode::UNKNOWN,   // 0x04
-    MitsubishiCN105::Mode::UNKNOWN,   // 0x05
-    MitsubishiCN105::Mode::UNKNOWN,   // 0x06
-    MitsubishiCN105::Mode::FAN_ONLY,  // 0x07
-    MitsubishiCN105::Mode::AUTO       // 0x08
-});
-
-static constexpr auto PROTOCOL_FAN_MODE_MAP = make_map<MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::UNKNOWN>({
-    MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::AUTO,     // 0x00
-    MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::QUIET,    // 0x01
-    MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::SPEED_1,  // 0x02
-    MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::SPEED_2,  // 0x03
-    MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::UNKNOWN,  // 0x04
-    MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::SPEED_3,  // 0x05
-    MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::SPEED_4   // 0x06
-});
-
-static constexpr auto PROTOCOL_VANE_MODE_MAP = make_map<MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::UNKNOWN>({
-    MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::AUTO,        // 0x00
-    MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_1,  // 0x01
-    MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_2,  // 0x02
-    MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_3,  // 0x03
-    MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_4,  // 0x04
-    MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_5,  // 0x05
-    MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::UNKNOWN,     // 0x06
-    MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING        // 0x07
-});
-
-static constexpr auto PROTOCOL_WIDE_VANE_MODE_MAP = make_map<MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::UNKNOWN>({
-    MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::UNKNOWN,     // 0x00
-    MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::FAR_LEFT,    // 0x01
-    MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::LEFT,        // 0x02
-    MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::CENTER,      // 0x03
-    MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::RIGHT,       // 0x04
-    MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::FAR_RIGHT,   // 0x05
-    MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::UNKNOWN,     // 0x06
-    MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::UNKNOWN,     // 0x07
-    MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::LEFT_RIGHT,  // 0x08
-    MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::UNKNOWN,     // 0x09
-    MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::UNKNOWN,     // 0x0A
-    MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::UNKNOWN,     // 0x0B
-    MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::SWING        // 0x0C
-});
-
 static constexpr uint8_t checksum(const uint8_t *bytes, size_t length) {
   return static_cast<uint8_t>(0xFC - std::accumulate(bytes, bytes + length, uint8_t{0}));
 }
@@ -123,16 +43,19 @@ static constexpr auto make_packet(uint8_t type, const std::array<uint8_t, Payloa
   return packet;
 }
 
-static constexpr float decode_temperature(int temp_a, int temp_b, int delta) {
-  return temp_b != 0 ? (temp_b - 128) / 2.0f : delta + temp_a;
-}
-
 static constexpr auto CONNECT_PACKET = make_packet(PACKET_TYPE_CONNECT_REQUEST, CONNECT_REQUEST_PAYLOAD);
 
 void MitsubishiCN105::initialize() { this->set_state_(State::CONNECTING); }
 
 bool MitsubishiCN105::update() {
   switch (this->state_) {
+    case State::DEFERRED_STATUS_REQUEST:
+      // Defer the next request to a later loop iteration; some units might not respond if a request is sent
+      // immediately after a response. See https://github.com/esphome/esphome/issues/18099. No minimum RX-to-TX delay
+      // is enforced.
+      this->set_state_(State::UPDATING_STATUS);
+      return false;
+
     case State::WAITING_FOR_SCHEDULED_STATUS_UPDATE:
       if (this->pending_updates_.any()) {
         this->status_update_wait_credit_ms_ =
@@ -185,12 +108,14 @@ bool MitsubishiCN105::should_transition(State from, State to) {
       return from == State::CONNECTING;
 
     case State::UPDATING_STATUS:
-      return from == State::CONNECTED || from == State::STATUS_UPDATED ||
-             from == State::WAITING_FOR_SCHEDULED_STATUS_UPDATE;
+      return from == State::DEFERRED_STATUS_REQUEST || from == State::WAITING_FOR_SCHEDULED_STATUS_UPDATE;
 
     case State::STATUS_UPDATED:
       return from == State::UPDATING_STATUS;
 
+    case State::DEFERRED_STATUS_REQUEST:
+      return from == State::CONNECTED || from == State::STATUS_UPDATED;
+
     case State::SCHEDULE_NEXT_STATUS_UPDATE:
       return from == State::STATUS_UPDATED || from == State::SETTINGS_APPLIED;
 
@@ -198,7 +123,7 @@ bool MitsubishiCN105::should_transition(State from, State to) {
       return from == State::SCHEDULE_NEXT_STATUS_UPDATE;
 
     case State::APPLYING_SETTINGS:
-      return from == State::WAITING_FOR_SCHEDULED_STATUS_UPDATE || from == State::STATUS_UPDATED;
+      return from == State::WAITING_FOR_SCHEDULED_STATUS_UPDATE;
 
     case State::SETTINGS_APPLIED:
       return from == State::APPLYING_SETTINGS;
@@ -206,9 +131,10 @@ bool MitsubishiCN105::should_transition(State from, State to) {
     case State::READ_TIMEOUT:
       return from == State::UPDATING_STATUS || from == State::APPLYING_SETTINGS || from == State::CONNECTING;
 
-    default:
+    case State::NOT_CONNECTED:
       return false;
   }
+  return false;
 }
 
 void MitsubishiCN105::did_transition_(State to) {
@@ -219,7 +145,7 @@ void MitsubishiCN105::did_transition_(State to) {
 
     case State::CONNECTED:
       this->current_status_msg_type_ = STATUS_MSG_SETTINGS;
-      this->set_state_(State::UPDATING_STATUS);
+      this->set_state_(State::DEFERRED_STATUS_REQUEST);
       break;
 
     case State::UPDATING_STATUS:
@@ -227,11 +153,14 @@ void MitsubishiCN105::did_transition_(State to) {
       break;
 
     case State::STATUS_UPDATED: {
-      if (this->pending_updates_.any() && this->is_status_initialized()) {
-        this->set_state_(State::APPLYING_SETTINGS);
-      } else if (this->current_status_msg_type_ == STATUS_MSG_SETTINGS && this->should_request_room_temperature_()) {
-        this->current_status_msg_type_ = STATUS_MSG_ROOM_TEMP;
-        this->set_state_(State::UPDATING_STATUS);
+      // When present, pending settings are applied from WAITING_FOR_SCHEDULED_STATUS_UPDATE during the next update(),
+      // deferring transmission to a later loop iteration; some units might not respond if a request is sent
+      // immediately after a response, causing the request to time out.
+      const bool should_apply_pending_settings = this->pending_updates_.any() && this->is_status_initialized();
+      if (!should_apply_pending_settings && this->current_status_msg_type_ == STATUS_MSG_SETTINGS &&
+          this->should_request_telemetry_()) {
+        this->current_status_msg_type_ = STATUS_MSG_TELEMETRY;
+        this->set_state_(State::DEFERRED_STATUS_REQUEST);
       } else {
         this->set_state_(State::SCHEDULE_NEXT_STATUS_UPDATE);
       }
@@ -259,31 +188,33 @@ void MitsubishiCN105::did_transition_(State to) {
       this->set_state_(State::CONNECTING);
       break;
 
-    default:
+    case State::NOT_CONNECTED:
+    case State::DEFERRED_STATUS_REQUEST:
+    case State::WAITING_FOR_SCHEDULED_STATUS_UPDATE:
       break;
   }
 }
 
-bool MitsubishiCN105::should_request_room_temperature_() const {
-  if (!this->is_room_temperature_enabled()) {
+bool MitsubishiCN105::should_request_telemetry_() const {
+  if (!this->is_telemetry_polling_enabled()) {
     return false;
   }
 
-  if (!this->last_room_temperature_update_ms_.has_value()) {
+  if (!this->last_telemetry_update_ms_.has_value()) {
     return true;
   }
 
-  return (get_loop_time_ms() - *this->last_room_temperature_update_ms_) >= this->room_temperature_min_interval_ms_;
+  return (get_loop_time_ms() - *this->last_telemetry_update_ms_) >= this->telemetry_request_min_interval_ms_;
 }
 
-void MitsubishiCN105::send_packet_(const uint8_t *packet, size_t len) {
-  FrameParser::dump_buffer_vv("TX", packet, len);
-  this->device_.write_array(packet, len);
+void MitsubishiCN105::send_packet_(std::span<const uint8_t> packet) {
+  FrameParser::dump_buffer_vv("TX", packet.data(), packet.size());
+  this->device_.write_array(packet.data(), packet.size());
   this->operation_start_ms_ = get_loop_time_ms();
 }
 
 void MitsubishiCN105::update_status_() {
-  std::array<uint8_t, REQUEST_PAYLOAD_LEN> payload = {this->current_status_msg_type_};
+  std::array<uint8_t, REQUEST_PAYLOAD_LEN> payload{this->current_status_msg_type_};
   this->send_packet_(make_packet(PACKET_TYPE_STATUS_REQUEST, payload));
 }
 
@@ -327,7 +258,7 @@ bool MitsubishiCN105::process_status_packet_(const uint8_t *payload, size_t len)
       previous.fan_mode != this->status_.fan_mode || previous.target_temperature != this->status_.target_temperature ||
       previous.vane_mode != this->status_.vane_mode || previous.wide_vane_mode != this->status_.wide_vane_mode;
 
-  if (this->is_room_temperature_enabled()) {
+  if (this->is_telemetry_polling_enabled()) {
     changed |= previous.room_temperature != this->status_.room_temperature;
   }
 
@@ -335,12 +266,22 @@ bool MitsubishiCN105::process_status_packet_(const uint8_t *payload, size_t len)
 }
 
 bool MitsubishiCN105::parse_status_payload_(uint8_t msg_type, const uint8_t *payload, size_t len) {
+  Property::Decoder decoder{std::span{payload, len}, this->property_context_, this->pending_updates_};
   switch (msg_type) {
     case STATUS_MSG_SETTINGS:
-      return this->parse_status_settings_(payload, len);
+      if (!decoder.decode_settings(this->status_)) {
+        ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "RX settings payload too short");
+        return false;
+      }
+      return true;
 
-    case STATUS_MSG_ROOM_TEMP:
-      return this->parse_status_room_temperature_(payload, len);
+    case STATUS_MSG_TELEMETRY:
+      if (!decoder.decode_room_temperature(this->status_)) {
+        ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "RX telemetry payload too short");
+        return false;
+      }
+      this->last_telemetry_update_ms_ = get_loop_time_ms();
+      return true;
 
     default:
       ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "RX unsupported status msg type 0x%02X", msg_type);
@@ -348,54 +289,6 @@ bool MitsubishiCN105::parse_status_payload_(uint8_t msg_type, const uint8_t *pay
   }
 }
 
-bool MitsubishiCN105::parse_status_settings_(const uint8_t *payload, size_t len) {
-  if (len <= 10) {
-    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "RX settings payload too short");
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  if (!this->pending_updates_.contains(UpdateFlag::POWER)) {
-    this->status_.power_on = payload[2] != 0;
-  }
-
-  this->use_temperature_encoding_b_ = payload[10] != 0;
-  if (!this->pending_updates_.contains(UpdateFlag::TEMPERATURE)) {
-    this->status_.target_temperature = decode_temperature(-payload[4], payload[10], TARGET_TEMPERATURE_ENC_A_OFFSET);
-  }
-
-  if (!this->pending_updates_.contains(UpdateFlag::MODE)) {
-    const bool i_see = payload[3] > 0x08;
-    this->status_.mode = PROTOCOL_MODE_MAP.lookup(payload[3] - (i_see ? 0x08 : 0));
-  }
-
-  if (!this->pending_updates_.contains(UpdateFlag::FAN)) {
-    this->status_.fan_mode = PROTOCOL_FAN_MODE_MAP.lookup(payload[5]);
-  }
-
-  if (!this->pending_updates_.contains(UpdateFlag::VANE)) {
-    this->status_.vane_mode = PROTOCOL_VANE_MODE_MAP.lookup(payload[6]);
-  }
-
-  this->set_wide_vane_high_bit_ = (payload[9] & 0xF0) == 0x80;
-  if (!this->pending_updates_.contains(UpdateFlag::WIDE_VANE)) {
-    this->status_.wide_vane_mode = PROTOCOL_WIDE_VANE_MODE_MAP.lookup(payload[9] & 0x0F);
-  }
-
-  return true;
-}
-
-bool MitsubishiCN105::parse_status_room_temperature_(const uint8_t *payload, size_t len) {
-  if (len <= 5) {
-    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "RX room temperature payload too short");
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  this->status_.room_temperature = decode_temperature(payload[2], payload[5], 10);
-  this->last_room_temperature_update_ms_ = get_loop_time_ms();
-
-  return true;
-}
-
 void MitsubishiCN105::set_remote_temperature(float temperature) {
   if (std::isnan(temperature)) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Ignoring NaN remote temperature");
@@ -414,12 +307,12 @@ void MitsubishiCN105::clear_remote_temperature() {
 
 void MitsubishiCN105::set_remote_temperature_half_deg_(uint8_t temperature_half_deg) {
   this->remote_temperature_half_deg_ = temperature_half_deg;
-  this->pending_updates_.set(UpdateFlag::REMOTE_TEMPERATURE);
+  this->pending_updates_.set(Property::Temperature::Remote::ID);
 }
 
 void MitsubishiCN105::set_power(bool power_on) {
   this->status_.power_on = power_on;
-  this->pending_updates_.set(UpdateFlag::POWER);
+  this->pending_updates_.set(Property::Power::ID);
 }
 
 void MitsubishiCN105::set_target_temperature(float target_temperature) {
@@ -428,101 +321,42 @@ void MitsubishiCN105::set_target_temperature(float target_temperature) {
     return;
   }
   this->status_.target_temperature = target_temperature;
-  this->pending_updates_.set(UpdateFlag::TEMPERATURE);
+  this->pending_updates_.set(Property::Temperature::Target::ID);
 }
 
 void MitsubishiCN105::set_mode(Mode mode) {
-  if (!PROTOCOL_MODE_MAP.is_valid(mode)) {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Setting invalid mode: %u", static_cast<uint8_t>(mode));
-    return;
+  if (!Property::Mode::validate_and_set(mode, this->status_, this->pending_updates_)) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Ignoring invalid mode: %u", static_cast<uint8_t>(mode));
   }
-  this->status_.mode = mode;
-  this->pending_updates_.set(UpdateFlag::MODE);
 }
 
 void MitsubishiCN105::set_fan_mode(FanMode fan_mode) {
-  if (!PROTOCOL_FAN_MODE_MAP.is_valid(fan_mode)) {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Setting invalid fan mode: %u", static_cast<uint8_t>(fan_mode));
-    return;
+  if (!Property::FanMode::validate_and_set(fan_mode, this->status_, this->pending_updates_)) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Ignoring invalid fan mode: %u", static_cast<uint8_t>(fan_mode));
   }
-  this->status_.fan_mode = fan_mode;
-  this->pending_updates_.set(UpdateFlag::FAN);
 }
 
 void MitsubishiCN105::set_vane_mode(VaneMode vane_mode) {
-  if (!PROTOCOL_VANE_MODE_MAP.is_valid(vane_mode)) {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Setting invalid vane mode: %u", static_cast<uint8_t>(vane_mode));
-    return;
+  if (!Property::VaneMode::validate_and_set(vane_mode, this->status_, this->pending_updates_)) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Ignoring invalid vane mode: %u", static_cast<uint8_t>(vane_mode));
   }
-  this->status_.vane_mode = vane_mode;
-  this->pending_updates_.set(UpdateFlag::VANE);
 }
 
 void MitsubishiCN105::set_wide_vane_mode(WideVaneMode wide_vane_mode) {
-  if (!PROTOCOL_WIDE_VANE_MODE_MAP.is_valid(wide_vane_mode)) {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Setting invalid wide vane mode: %u", static_cast<uint8_t>(wide_vane_mode));
-    return;
+  if (!Property::WideVaneMode::validate_and_set(wide_vane_mode, this->status_, this->pending_updates_)) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Ignoring invalid wide vane mode: %u", static_cast<uint8_t>(wide_vane_mode));
   }
-  this->status_.wide_vane_mode = wide_vane_mode;
-  this->pending_updates_.set(UpdateFlag::WIDE_VANE);
 }
 
 void MitsubishiCN105::apply_settings_() {
   std::array<uint8_t, REQUEST_PAYLOAD_LEN> payload{};
+  Property::Encoder encoder{payload.data(), this->property_context_, this->pending_updates_};
 
   // Apply all other pending settings first; handle REMOTE_TEMPERATURE last
-  if (this->pending_updates_.contains_only(UpdateFlag::REMOTE_TEMPERATURE)) {
-    payload[0] = 0x07;
-    if (this->remote_temperature_half_deg_ == REMOTE_TEMPERATURE_DISABLED) {
-      payload[3] = 0x80;
-    } else {
-      payload[1] = 0x01;
-      payload[2] = static_cast<uint8_t>(this->remote_temperature_half_deg_ - 16);
-      payload[3] = static_cast<uint8_t>(this->remote_temperature_half_deg_ + 128);
-    }
-    this->pending_updates_.clear(UpdateFlag::REMOTE_TEMPERATURE);
+  if (this->pending_updates_.contains_only(Property::Temperature::Remote::ID)) {
+    encoder.encode_remote_temperature(this->remote_temperature_half_deg_);
   } else {
-    payload[0] = 0x01;
-    if (this->pending_updates_.contains(UpdateFlag::POWER)) {
-      payload[1] |= 0x01;
-      payload[3] = this->status_.power_on ? 0x01 : 0x00;
-    }
-
-    if (this->pending_updates_.contains(UpdateFlag::TEMPERATURE)) {
-      payload[1] |= 0x04;
-      if (this->use_temperature_encoding_b_) {
-        payload[14] = static_cast<uint8_t>(std::round(this->status_.target_temperature * 2.0f) + 128);
-      } else {
-        payload[5] =
-            static_cast<uint8_t>(TARGET_TEMPERATURE_ENC_A_OFFSET - std::round(this->status_.target_temperature));
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (this->pending_updates_.contains(UpdateFlag::MODE) &&
-        PROTOCOL_MODE_MAP.reverse_lookup(this->status_.mode, payload[4])) {
-      payload[1] |= 0x02;
-    }
-
-    if (this->pending_updates_.contains(UpdateFlag::FAN) &&
-        PROTOCOL_FAN_MODE_MAP.reverse_lookup(this->status_.fan_mode, payload[6])) {
-      payload[1] |= 0x08;
-    }
-
-    if (this->pending_updates_.contains(UpdateFlag::VANE) &&
-        PROTOCOL_VANE_MODE_MAP.reverse_lookup(this->status_.vane_mode, payload[7])) {
-      payload[1] |= 0x10;
-    }
-
-    if (this->pending_updates_.contains(UpdateFlag::WIDE_VANE) &&
-        PROTOCOL_WIDE_VANE_MODE_MAP.reverse_lookup(this->status_.wide_vane_mode, payload[13])) {
-      payload[2] |= 0x01;
-      if (this->set_wide_vane_high_bit_) {
-        payload[13] |= 0x80;
-      }
-    }
-
-    this->pending_updates_.clear(UpdateFlag::POWER, UpdateFlag::TEMPERATURE, UpdateFlag::MODE, UpdateFlag::FAN,
-                                 UpdateFlag::VANE, UpdateFlag::WIDE_VANE);
+    encoder.encode_settings(this->status_);
   }
 
   this->send_packet_(make_packet(PACKET_TYPE_WRITE_SETTINGS_REQUEST, payload));
@@ -540,6 +374,8 @@ const LogString *MitsubishiCN105::state_to_string(State state) {
       return LOG_STR("UpdatingStatus");
     case State::STATUS_UPDATED:
       return LOG_STR("StatusUpdated");
+    case State::DEFERRED_STATUS_REQUEST:
+      return LOG_STR("DeferredStatusRequest");
     case State::SCHEDULE_NEXT_STATUS_UPDATE:
       return LOG_STR("ScheduleNextStatusUpdate");
     case State::WAITING_FOR_SCHEDULED_STATUS_UPDATE:
diff --git a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105.h b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105.h
index 742d8e18a9..0fee90dfc1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105.h
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include "esphome/components/uart/uart.h"
+#include "esphome/core/finite_set_mask.h"
+
 #include <cmath>
 #include <optional>
-#include "esphome/components/uart/uart.h"
-#include "esphome/core/finite_set_mask.h"
+#include <span>
 
 namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105 {
 
@@ -70,17 +72,18 @@ class MitsubishiCN105 {
   uint32_t get_update_interval() const { return this->update_interval_ms_; }
   void set_update_interval(uint32_t interval_ms) { this->update_interval_ms_ = interval_ms; }
 
-  uint32_t get_room_temperature_min_interval() const { return this->room_temperature_min_interval_ms_; }
-  bool is_room_temperature_enabled() const { return this->room_temperature_min_interval_ms_ != SCHEDULER_DONT_RUN; }
-  void set_room_temperature_min_interval(uint32_t interval_ms) {
-    this->room_temperature_min_interval_ms_ = interval_ms;
+  uint32_t get_telemetry_request_min_interval() const { return this->telemetry_request_min_interval_ms_; }
+  bool is_telemetry_polling_enabled() const { return this->telemetry_request_min_interval_ms_ != SCHEDULER_DONT_RUN; }
+  void set_telemetry_request_min_interval(uint32_t interval_ms) {
+    this->telemetry_request_min_interval_ms_ = interval_ms;
   }
 
   const Status &status() const { return this->status_; }
   bool is_status_initialized() const {
-    return this->is_room_temperature_enabled() ? !std::isnan(this->status_.room_temperature)
-                                               : !std::isnan(this->status_.target_temperature);
+    return this->is_telemetry_polling_enabled() ? !std::isnan(this->status_.room_temperature)
+                                                : !std::isnan(this->status_.target_temperature);
   }
+  bool is_temperature_encoding_b() const { return this->property_context_.use_temperature_encoding_b; }
 
   void set_power(bool power_on);
   void set_target_temperature(float target_temperature);
@@ -98,6 +101,7 @@ class MitsubishiCN105 {
     CONNECTED,
     UPDATING_STATUS,
     STATUS_UPDATED,
+    DEFERRED_STATUS_REQUEST,
     SCHEDULE_NEXT_STATUS_UPDATE,
     WAITING_FOR_SCHEDULED_STATUS_UPDATE,
     APPLYING_SETTINGS,
@@ -120,58 +124,64 @@ class MitsubishiCN105 {
     uint8_t read_pos_{0};
   };
 
-  enum class UpdateFlag : uint8_t {
+  enum class PropertyId : uint8_t {
     TEMPERATURE = 0,
     POWER = 1,
     MODE = 2,
     FAN = 3,
     VANE = 4,
     WIDE_VANE = 5,
-    REMOTE_TEMPERATURE = 6,
+    REMOTE_TEMPERATURE = 6
   };
 
   struct UpdateFlags {
-    template<typename... Flags> void set(Flags... flags) { (this->mask_.insert(flags), ...); }
-    template<typename... Flags> void clear(Flags... flags) { (this->mask_.erase(flags), ...); }
+    void set(PropertyId id) { this->mask_.insert(id); }
+    void clear(PropertyId id) { this->mask_.erase(id); }
     bool any() const { return !this->mask_.empty(); }
-    bool contains(UpdateFlag flag) const { return this->mask_.count(flag); }
-    bool contains_only(UpdateFlag flag) const { return this->mask_.get_mask() == Mask{flag}.get_mask(); }
+    bool contains(PropertyId id) const { return this->mask_.count(id); }
+    bool contains_only(PropertyId id) const { return this->mask_.get_mask() == Mask{id}.get_mask(); }
 
    protected:
     using Mask =
-        FiniteSetMask<UpdateFlag, DefaultBitPolicy<UpdateFlag, static_cast<int>(UpdateFlag::REMOTE_TEMPERATURE) + 1>>;
-
+        FiniteSetMask<PropertyId, DefaultBitPolicy<PropertyId, static_cast<int>(PropertyId::REMOTE_TEMPERATURE) + 1>>;
     Mask mask_;
   };
 
+  struct PropertyContext {
+    bool use_temperature_encoding_b{false};
+    bool set_wide_vane_high_bit{false};
+  };
+
+  friend struct Property;
+
   void set_state_(State new_state);
   void did_transition_(State to);
   bool process_rx_packet_(uint8_t type, const uint8_t *payload, size_t len);
   bool process_status_packet_(const uint8_t *payload, size_t len);
   bool parse_status_payload_(uint8_t msg_type, const uint8_t *payload, size_t len);
-  bool parse_status_settings_(const uint8_t *payload, size_t len);
-  bool parse_status_room_temperature_(const uint8_t *payload, size_t len);
-  void send_packet_(const uint8_t *packet, size_t len);
+  void send_packet_(std::span<const uint8_t> packet);
   void update_status_();
-  bool should_request_room_temperature_() const;
+  bool should_request_telemetry_() const;
   void apply_settings_();
   bool has_timed_out_(uint32_t timeout) const { return ((get_loop_time_ms() - this->operation_start_ms_) >= timeout); }
   void set_remote_temperature_half_deg_(uint8_t temperature_half_deg);
-  template<typename T> void send_packet_(const T &packet) { this->send_packet_(packet.data(), packet.size()); }
   static bool should_transition(State from, State to);
   static const LogString *state_to_string(State state);
 
   uart::UARTDevice &device_;
+  // Default 1s; legacy climate-owned hub compatibility relies on this when update_interval is omitted.
+  // Remove legacy note in 2027.2.0.
   uint32_t update_interval_ms_{1000};
   uint32_t status_update_wait_credit_ms_{0};
   uint32_t operation_start_ms_{0};
-  uint32_t room_temperature_min_interval_ms_{60000};
-  std::optional<uint32_t> last_room_temperature_update_ms_;
+  // Default 60s; legacy climate-owned hub compatibility relies on this when current_temperature_min_interval is
+  // omitted. Remove legacy note in 2027.2.0.
+  uint32_t telemetry_request_min_interval_ms_{60000};
+  std::optional<uint32_t> last_telemetry_update_ms_;
   Status status_{};
   State state_{State::NOT_CONNECTED};
   UpdateFlags pending_updates_;
-  bool use_temperature_encoding_b_{false};
-  bool set_wide_vane_high_bit_{false};
+  PropertyContext property_context_;
   FrameParser frame_parser_;
   uint8_t current_status_msg_type_{0};
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_climate.cpp b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_climate.cpp
index afffe7ea5e..53b8c21de6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_climate.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_climate.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-#include <cinttypes>
 #include "mitsubishi_cn105_climate.h"
+
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105 {
@@ -52,23 +52,13 @@ static constexpr std::optional<Left> reverse_map_lookup(const std::array<std::pa
 
 void MitsubishiCN105Climate::dump_config() {
   LOG_CLIMATE("", "Mitsubishi CN105 Climate", this);
-  if (this->hp_.is_room_temperature_enabled()) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Current temperature min interval: %" PRIu32 " ms",
-                  this->hp_.get_room_temperature_min_interval());
-  } else {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Current temperature: DISABLED");
-  }
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
-                "  Update interval: %" PRIu32 " ms\n"
-                "  UART: baud_rate=%" PRIu32 " data_bits=%u parity=%s stop_bits=%u",
-                this->hp_.get_update_interval(), this->parent_->get_baud_rate(), this->parent_->get_data_bits(),
-                LOG_STR_ARG(parity_to_str(this->parent_->get_parity())), this->parent_->get_stop_bits());
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Temperature unit: °%c",
+                this->parent_->get_temperature_mapping().get_use_fahrenheit() ? 'F' : 'C');
 }
 
-void MitsubishiCN105Climate::setup() { this->hp_.initialize(); }
-
-void MitsubishiCN105Climate::loop() {
-  if (this->hp_.update()) {
+void MitsubishiCN105Climate::setup() {
+  this->parent_->add_on_status_callback([this]() { this->apply_values_(); });
+  if (this->parent_->is_status_initialized()) {
     this->apply_values_();
   }
 }
@@ -84,15 +74,17 @@ climate::ClimateTraits MitsubishiCN105Climate::traits() {
     traits.add_supported_fan_mode(p.second);
   }
 
-  traits.set_supported_swing_modes(this->supported_swing_modes_);
+  traits.set_supported_swing_modes(this->swing_mode_manager_.supported_swing_modes());
 
-  traits.set_visual_min_temperature(16.0f);
-  traits.set_visual_max_temperature(31.0f);
+  const bool use_fahrenheit = this->parent_->get_temperature_mapping().get_use_fahrenheit();
+  traits.set_temperature_unit(use_fahrenheit ? TemperatureUnit::FAHRENHEIT : TemperatureUnit::CELSIUS);
+  traits.set_visual_min_temperature(use_fahrenheit ? 61.0f : 16.0f);
+  traits.set_visual_max_temperature(use_fahrenheit ? 88.0f : 31.0f);
   traits.set_visual_temperature_step(1.0f);
 
-  if (this->hp_.is_room_temperature_enabled()) {
+  if (this->parent_->is_telemetry_polling_enabled()) {
     traits.add_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE);
-    traits.set_visual_current_temperature_step(0.5f);
+    traits.set_visual_current_temperature_step(use_fahrenheit ? 1.0f : 0.5f);
   }
 
   return traits;
@@ -100,65 +92,41 @@ climate::ClimateTraits MitsubishiCN105Climate::traits() {
 
 void MitsubishiCN105Climate::control(const climate::ClimateCall &call) {
   if (const auto target_temperature = call.get_target_temperature()) {
-    this->hp_.set_target_temperature(*target_temperature);
+    this->parent_->set_target_temperature(this->parent_->get_temperature_mapping().to_mitsubishi(*target_temperature));
   }
 
   if (const auto mode = call.get_mode()) {
     if (*mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF) {
-      this->hp_.set_power(false);
+      this->parent_->set_power(false);
     } else if (const auto mapped = reverse_map_lookup(MODE_MAP, *mode)) {
-      this->hp_.set_power(true);
-      this->hp_.set_mode(*mapped);
+      this->parent_->set_power(true);
+      this->parent_->set_mode(*mapped);
     }
   }
 
   if (const auto fan_mode = reverse_map_lookup(FAN_MODE_MAP, call.get_fan_mode())) {
-    this->hp_.set_fan_mode(*fan_mode);
+    this->parent_->set_fan_mode(*fan_mode);
   }
 
   if (const auto swing_mode = call.get_swing_mode()) {
-    auto vane = this->last_non_swing_vane_mode_;
-    auto wide = this->last_non_swing_wide_vane_mode_;
-
-    switch (*swing_mode) {
-      case climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH:
-        vane = MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING;
-        wide = MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::SWING;
-        break;
-
-      case climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL:
-        vane = MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING;
-        break;
-
-      case climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL:
-        wide = MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::SWING;
-        break;
-
-      case climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF:
-      default:
-        break;
+    if (const auto vane = this->swing_mode_manager_.vane_from(*swing_mode)) {
+      this->parent_->set_vane_mode(*vane);
     }
-
-    if (this->supported_swing_modes_.count(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL)) {
-      this->hp_.set_vane_mode(vane);
-    }
-    if (this->supported_swing_modes_.count(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL)) {
-      this->hp_.set_wide_vane_mode(wide);
+    if (const auto wide = this->swing_mode_manager_.wide_vane_from(*swing_mode)) {
+      this->parent_->set_wide_vane_mode(*wide);
     }
   }
 
-  if (this->hp_.is_status_initialized()) {
-    this->apply_values_();
-  }
+  this->parent_->publish_status();
 }
 
 void MitsubishiCN105Climate::apply_values_() {
-  const auto &status = this->hp_.status();
+  const auto &status = this->parent_->status();
 
-  this->target_temperature = status.target_temperature;
+  this->target_temperature = this->parent_->get_temperature_mapping().from_mitsubishi(status.target_temperature);
 
-  if (this->hp_.is_room_temperature_enabled()) {
-    this->current_temperature = status.room_temperature;
+  if (this->parent_->is_telemetry_polling_enabled()) {
+    this->current_temperature = this->parent_->get_temperature_mapping().from_mitsubishi(status.room_temperature);
   }
 
   if (status.power_on) {
@@ -176,64 +144,39 @@ void MitsubishiCN105Climate::apply_values_() {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Unable to map fan mode");
   }
 
-  if (!this->supported_swing_modes_.empty()) {
-    bool vertical_swinging = false;
-    bool horizontal_swinging = false;
-
-    if (this->supported_swing_modes_.count(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL)) {
-      if (status.vane_mode == MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING) {
-        vertical_swinging = true;
-      } else if (status.vane_mode != MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::UNKNOWN) {
-        this->last_non_swing_vane_mode_ = status.vane_mode;
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (this->supported_swing_modes_.count(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL)) {
-      if (status.wide_vane_mode == MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::SWING) {
-        horizontal_swinging = true;
-      } else if (status.wide_vane_mode != MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::UNKNOWN) {
-        this->last_non_swing_wide_vane_mode_ = status.wide_vane_mode;
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (vertical_swinging && horizontal_swinging) {
-      this->swing_mode = climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH;
-    } else if (vertical_swinging) {
-      this->swing_mode = climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL;
-    } else if (horizontal_swinging) {
-      this->swing_mode = climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL;
-    } else {
-      this->swing_mode = climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF;
-    }
+  if (const auto swing_mode =
+          this->swing_mode_manager_.update_and_get_swing_mode(status.vane_mode, status.wide_vane_mode)) {
+    this->swing_mode = *swing_mode;
   }
 
   this->publish_state();
 }
 
 void MitsubishiCN105Climate::set_supported_swing_mode(climate::ClimateSwingMode mode) {
-  this->supported_swing_modes_.clear();
+  climate::ClimateSwingModeMask supported_swing_modes;
   switch (mode) {
     case climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL:
-      this->supported_swing_modes_.insert(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF);
-      this->supported_swing_modes_.insert(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL);
+      supported_swing_modes.insert(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF);
+      supported_swing_modes.insert(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL);
       break;
 
     case climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL:
-      this->supported_swing_modes_.insert(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF);
-      this->supported_swing_modes_.insert(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL);
+      supported_swing_modes.insert(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF);
+      supported_swing_modes.insert(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL);
       break;
 
     case climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH:
-      this->supported_swing_modes_.insert(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF);
-      this->supported_swing_modes_.insert(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL);
-      this->supported_swing_modes_.insert(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL);
-      this->supported_swing_modes_.insert(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH);
+      supported_swing_modes.insert(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF);
+      supported_swing_modes.insert(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL);
+      supported_swing_modes.insert(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL);
+      supported_swing_modes.insert(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH);
       break;
 
     case climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF:
     default:
       break;
   }
+  this->swing_mode_manager_.set_supported_swing_modes(supported_swing_modes);
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105
diff --git a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_climate.h b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_climate.h
index c83a5519c1..cea76278ab 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_climate.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_climate.h
@@ -1,51 +1,48 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include "mitsubishi_cn105_component.h"
+#include "mitsubishi_cn105.h"
+
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/climate/climate.h"
-#include "esphome/components/uart/uart.h"
-#include "mitsubishi_cn105.h"
+#include "mitsubishi_cn105_swing_mode_manager.h"
 
 namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105 {
 
-class MitsubishiCN105Climate : public climate::Climate, public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
+class MitsubishiCN105Climate final : public climate::Climate,
+                                     public Component,
+                                     public Parented<MitsubishiCN105Component> {
  public:
-  explicit MitsubishiCN105Climate() : hp_(*this) {}
-
   void setup() override;
-  void loop() override;
   void dump_config() override;
 
   climate::ClimateTraits traits() override;
   void control(const climate::ClimateCall &call) override;
 
-  void set_update_interval(uint32_t ms) { this->hp_.set_update_interval(ms); }
-  void set_current_temperature_min_interval(uint32_t ms) { this->hp_.set_room_temperature_min_interval(ms); }
-
-  void set_remote_temperature(float temperature) { this->hp_.set_remote_temperature(temperature); }
-  void clear_remote_temperature() { this->hp_.clear_remote_temperature(); }
-
   void set_supported_swing_mode(climate::ClimateSwingMode mode);
+  // Legacy climate action compatibility. Remove in 2027.2.0.
+  void set_remote_temperature(float temperature) { this->parent_->set_remote_temperature(temperature); }
+  void clear_remote_temperature() { this->parent_->clear_remote_temperature(); }
 
  protected:
   void apply_values_();
 
-  MitsubishiCN105 hp_;
-  climate::ClimateSwingModeMask supported_swing_modes_{};
-  MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode last_non_swing_vane_mode_{MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::AUTO};
-  MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode last_non_swing_wide_vane_mode_{MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::CENTER};
+  SwingModeManager swing_mode_manager_;
 };
 
+// Legacy climate action compatibility. Remove in 2027.2.0.
 template<typename... Ts>
-class SetRemoteTemperatureAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<MitsubishiCN105Climate> {
+class LegacySetRemoteTemperatureAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<MitsubishiCN105Climate> {
  public:
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, temperature)
 
   void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->set_remote_temperature(this->temperature_.value(x...)); }
 };
 
+// Legacy climate action compatibility. Remove in 2027.2.0.
 template<typename... Ts>
-class ClearRemoteTemperatureAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<MitsubishiCN105Climate> {
+class LegacyClearRemoteTemperatureAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<MitsubishiCN105Climate> {
  public:
   void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->clear_remote_temperature(); }
 };
diff --git a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_component.cpp b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_component.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e2a6ee05af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_component.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#include "mitsubishi_cn105_component.h"
+
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+#include <cinttypes>
+
+namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105 {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "mitsubishi_cn105";
+
+void MitsubishiCN105Component::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Mitsubishi CN105:");
+  if (this->hp_.is_telemetry_polling_enabled()) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Telemetry polling min interval: %" PRIu32 " ms",
+                  this->hp_.get_telemetry_request_min_interval());
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Telemetry polling: DISABLED");
+  }
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "  Update interval: %" PRIu32 " ms\n"
+                "  UART: baud_rate=%" PRIu32 " data_bits=%u parity=%s stop_bits=%u",
+                this->hp_.get_update_interval(), this->parent_->get_baud_rate(), this->parent_->get_data_bits(),
+                LOG_STR_ARG(parity_to_str(this->parent_->get_parity())), this->parent_->get_stop_bits());
+}
+
+void MitsubishiCN105Component::setup() { this->hp_.initialize(); }
+
+void MitsubishiCN105Component::loop() {
+  if (this->hp_.update()) {
+    // Encoding A only supports whole °C values and cannot represent native °F setpoints accurately.
+    // See https://github.com/esphome/esphome/pull/15488#issuecomment-5268304343
+    if (this->temperature_mapping_.get_use_fahrenheit() && !this->hp_.is_temperature_encoding_b()) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unit reports encoding A, which cannot accurately convert °F setpoints; disable 'use_fahrenheit'");
+      this->mark_failed();
+      return;
+    }
+    this->notify_status_listeners_();
+  }
+}
+
+void VaneCall::perform() {
+  if (const auto &direction = this->vertical.get_direction(); direction.has_value()) {
+    this->parent_->set_vane_mode(static_cast<MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode>(*direction));
+  }
+  this->parent_->publish_status();
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105
diff --git a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_component.h b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_component.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aa9bfe0d8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_component.h
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "mitsubishi_cn105.h"
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/components/uart/uart.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <optional>
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105 {
+
+struct TemperatureMapping {
+  float to_mitsubishi(float value) const {
+    if (!this->use_fahrenheit_) {
+      return value;
+    }
+    const int fahrenheit = std::clamp(static_cast<int>(std::round(value)), 61, 88);
+    return 0.5f * (fahrenheit - 28 + (fahrenheit > 68) - (fahrenheit < 68));
+  }
+
+  float from_mitsubishi(float value) const {
+    if (!this->use_fahrenheit_) {
+      return value;
+    }
+    if (value < 16.0f || value > 30.5f) {
+      return celsius_to_fahrenheit(value);
+    }
+    const int mitsubishi_half_degrees = static_cast<int>(std::round(value * 2.0f));
+    return mitsubishi_half_degrees + 29 - (mitsubishi_half_degrees >= 40) - (mitsubishi_half_degrees > 40);
+  }
+
+  bool get_use_fahrenheit() const { return this->use_fahrenheit_; }
+  void set_use_fahrenheit(bool value) { this->use_fahrenheit_ = value; }
+
+ protected:
+  bool use_fahrenheit_{false};
+};
+
+enum VerticalVaneMode : uint8_t {
+  VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_AUTO = static_cast<uint8_t>(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::AUTO),
+  VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_POSITION_1 = static_cast<uint8_t>(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_1),
+  VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_POSITION_2 = static_cast<uint8_t>(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_2),
+  VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_POSITION_3 = static_cast<uint8_t>(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_3),
+  VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_POSITION_4 = static_cast<uint8_t>(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_4),
+  VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_POSITION_5 = static_cast<uint8_t>(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_5),
+  VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_SWING = static_cast<uint8_t>(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING),
+  VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_UNKNOWN = static_cast<uint8_t>(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::UNKNOWN),
+};
+
+struct VaneState {
+  struct Vertical {
+    VerticalVaneMode direction;
+  };
+
+  Vertical vertical;
+};
+
+class MitsubishiCN105Component;
+
+struct VaneCall {
+  struct Vertical {
+    void set_direction(VerticalVaneMode direction) { this->direction_ = direction; }
+    const std::optional<VerticalVaneMode> &get_direction() const { return this->direction_; }
+
+   protected:
+    std::optional<VerticalVaneMode> direction_;
+  };
+
+  explicit VaneCall(MitsubishiCN105Component *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
+
+  Vertical vertical;
+
+  void perform();
+
+ protected:
+  MitsubishiCN105Component *parent_;
+};
+
+class MitsubishiCN105Component final : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
+ public:
+  explicit MitsubishiCN105Component() : hp_(*this) {}
+
+  void setup() override;
+  void loop() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+
+  void set_update_interval(uint32_t ms) { this->hp_.set_update_interval(ms); }
+  void set_telemetry_request_min_interval(uint32_t ms) { this->hp_.set_telemetry_request_min_interval(ms); }
+  void set_use_fahrenheit(bool value) { this->temperature_mapping_.set_use_fahrenheit(value); }
+
+  void set_remote_temperature(float temperature) { this->hp_.set_remote_temperature(temperature); }
+  void clear_remote_temperature() { this->hp_.clear_remote_temperature(); }
+
+  void set_power(bool power_on) { this->hp_.set_power(power_on); }
+  void set_target_temperature(float target_temperature) { this->hp_.set_target_temperature(target_temperature); }
+  void set_mode(MitsubishiCN105::Mode mode) { this->hp_.set_mode(mode); }
+  void set_fan_mode(MitsubishiCN105::FanMode fan_mode) { this->hp_.set_fan_mode(fan_mode); }
+  void set_vane_mode(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode vane_mode) { this->hp_.set_vane_mode(vane_mode); }
+  void set_wide_vane_mode(MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode mode) { this->hp_.set_wide_vane_mode(mode); }
+  VaneCall make_vane_call() { return VaneCall(this); }
+
+  const MitsubishiCN105::Status &status() const { return this->hp_.status(); }
+  bool is_status_initialized() const { return this->hp_.is_status_initialized(); }
+  bool is_telemetry_polling_enabled() const { return this->hp_.is_telemetry_polling_enabled(); }
+  const TemperatureMapping &get_temperature_mapping() const { return this->temperature_mapping_; }
+
+  template<typename F> void add_on_status_callback(F &&callback) {
+    this->status_callback_.add(std::forward<F>(callback));
+  }
+
+  template<typename F> void add_on_vane_state_callback(F &&callback) {
+    this->vane_state_callback_.add(std::forward<F>(callback));
+  }
+
+  void publish_status() {
+    if (this->is_status_initialized()) {
+      this->notify_status_listeners_();
+    }
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  void notify_status_listeners_() {
+    this->status_callback_.call();
+    this->vane_state_callback_.call(VaneState{
+        .vertical = {.direction = static_cast<VerticalVaneMode>(this->status().vane_mode)},
+    });
+  }
+
+  MitsubishiCN105 hp_;
+  TemperatureMapping temperature_mapping_;
+  CallbackManager<void()> status_callback_;
+  LazyCallbackManager<void(const VaneState &)> vane_state_callback_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105
diff --git a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_properties.h b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_properties.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1f5faf61af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_properties.h
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <array>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <limits>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+#include "mitsubishi_cn105.h"
+
+namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105 {
+
+template<auto Unknown, size_t N> struct LookupMap {
+  using value_type = decltype(Unknown);
+  const std::array<value_type, N> table;
+
+  constexpr value_type lookup(uint8_t raw) const { return (raw < N) ? this->table[raw] : Unknown; }
+
+  constexpr bool reverse_lookup(value_type value, uint8_t &out) const {
+    static_assert(N <= std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max());
+    if (value == Unknown) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < static_cast<uint8_t>(N); ++i) {
+      if (this->table[i] == value) {
+        out = i;
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+};
+
+template<auto Unknown, class T, std::size_t N> static constexpr auto make_map(const T (&values)[N]) {
+  return LookupMap<Unknown, N>{std::to_array(values)};
+}
+
+struct Property {
+  using PropertyId = MitsubishiCN105::PropertyId;
+  using Status = MitsubishiCN105::Status;
+  using PropertyContext = MitsubishiCN105::PropertyContext;
+
+  struct Power {
+    static constexpr auto ID = PropertyId::POWER;
+
+    static void decode_context(PropertyContext &ctx, const uint8_t *payload) {}
+
+    static void decode(Status &status, const uint8_t *payload, const PropertyContext &ctx) {
+      status.power_on = payload[2] != 0;
+    }
+
+    static void encode(uint8_t *payload, const Status &status, const PropertyContext &ctx) {
+      payload[1] |= 0x01;
+      payload[3] = status.power_on ? 0x01 : 0x00;
+    }
+  };
+
+  struct Temperature {
+    struct Target {
+      static constexpr auto ID = PropertyId::TEMPERATURE;
+      static constexpr uint8_t TARGET_TEMPERATURE_ENC_A_OFFSET = 31;
+
+      static void decode_context(PropertyContext &ctx, const uint8_t *payload) {
+        ctx.use_temperature_encoding_b = payload[10] != 0;
+      }
+
+      static void decode(Status &status, const uint8_t *payload, const PropertyContext &ctx) {
+        status.target_temperature = Temperature::decode(-payload[4], payload[10], TARGET_TEMPERATURE_ENC_A_OFFSET);
+      }
+
+      static void encode(uint8_t *payload, const Status &status, const PropertyContext &ctx) {
+        payload[1] |= 0x04;
+        if (ctx.use_temperature_encoding_b) {
+          payload[14] = static_cast<uint8_t>(std::round(status.target_temperature * 2.0f) + 128);
+        } else {
+          payload[5] = static_cast<uint8_t>(TARGET_TEMPERATURE_ENC_A_OFFSET - std::round(status.target_temperature));
+        }
+      }
+    };
+
+    struct Room {
+      static void decode_context(PropertyContext &ctx, const uint8_t *payload) {}
+
+      static void decode(Status &status, const uint8_t *payload, const PropertyContext &ctx) {
+        status.room_temperature = Temperature::decode(payload[2], payload[5], 10);
+      }
+    };
+
+    struct Remote {
+      static constexpr auto ID = PropertyId::REMOTE_TEMPERATURE;
+
+      static void encode(uint8_t *payload, uint8_t remote_temperature_half_deg, const PropertyContext &) {
+        if (remote_temperature_half_deg == MitsubishiCN105::REMOTE_TEMPERATURE_DISABLED) {
+          payload[3] = 0x80;
+        } else {
+          payload[1] = 0x01;
+          payload[2] = static_cast<uint8_t>(remote_temperature_half_deg - 16);
+          payload[3] = static_cast<uint8_t>(remote_temperature_half_deg + 128);
+        }
+      }
+    };
+
+   protected:
+    static constexpr float decode(int temp_a, int temp_b, int delta) {
+      return temp_b != 0 ? (temp_b - 128) / 2.0f : delta + temp_a;
+    }
+  };
+
+  template<typename Derived, auto Field> struct Lookup {
+    using Value = std::remove_cvref_t<decltype(std::declval<Status>().*Field)>;
+
+    static void decode_context(PropertyContext &ctx, const uint8_t *payload) {}
+
+    static void decode(Status &status, const uint8_t *payload, const PropertyContext &ctx) {
+      status.*Field = Derived::MAP.lookup(Derived::decode_raw(payload, ctx));
+    }
+
+    static void encode(uint8_t *payload, const Status &status, const PropertyContext &ctx) {
+      uint8_t raw;
+      if (Derived::MAP.reverse_lookup(status.*Field, raw)) {
+        Derived::encode_raw(payload, raw, ctx);
+      }
+    }
+
+    template<typename Mask> static bool validate_and_set(Value value, Status &status, Mask &mask) {
+      uint8_t raw;
+      if (!Derived::MAP.reverse_lookup(value, raw)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      status.*Field = value;
+      mask.set(Derived::ID);
+      return true;
+    }
+
+   private:
+    friend Derived;
+    constexpr Lookup() = default;
+  };
+
+  struct Mode : Lookup<Mode, &Status::mode> {
+    static constexpr auto ID = PropertyId::MODE;
+    static constexpr auto MAP = make_map<MitsubishiCN105::Mode::UNKNOWN>({
+        MitsubishiCN105::Mode::UNKNOWN,   // 0x00
+        MitsubishiCN105::Mode::HEAT,      // 0x01
+        MitsubishiCN105::Mode::DRY,       // 0x02
+        MitsubishiCN105::Mode::COOL,      // 0x03
+        MitsubishiCN105::Mode::UNKNOWN,   // 0x04
+        MitsubishiCN105::Mode::UNKNOWN,   // 0x05
+        MitsubishiCN105::Mode::UNKNOWN,   // 0x06
+        MitsubishiCN105::Mode::FAN_ONLY,  // 0x07
+        MitsubishiCN105::Mode::AUTO       // 0x08
+    });
+
+    static uint8_t decode_raw(const uint8_t *payload, const PropertyContext &ctx) {
+      const bool i_see = payload[3] > 0x08;
+      return payload[3] - (i_see ? 0x08 : 0);
+    }
+
+    static void encode_raw(uint8_t *payload, uint8_t raw, const PropertyContext &) {
+      payload[1] |= 0x02;
+      payload[4] = raw;
+    }
+  };
+
+  struct FanMode : Lookup<FanMode, &Status::fan_mode> {
+    static constexpr auto ID = PropertyId::FAN;
+    static constexpr auto MAP = make_map<MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::UNKNOWN>({
+        MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::AUTO,     // 0x00
+        MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::QUIET,    // 0x01
+        MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::SPEED_1,  // 0x02
+        MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::SPEED_2,  // 0x03
+        MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::UNKNOWN,  // 0x04
+        MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::SPEED_3,  // 0x05
+        MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::SPEED_4   // 0x06
+    });
+
+    static uint8_t decode_raw(const uint8_t *payload, const PropertyContext &ctx) { return payload[5]; }
+
+    static void encode_raw(uint8_t *payload, uint8_t raw, const PropertyContext &) {
+      payload[1] |= 0x08;
+      payload[6] = raw;
+    }
+  };
+
+  struct VaneMode : Lookup<VaneMode, &Status::vane_mode> {
+    static constexpr auto ID = PropertyId::VANE;
+    static constexpr auto MAP = make_map<MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::UNKNOWN>({
+        MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::AUTO,        // 0x00
+        MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_1,  // 0x01
+        MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_2,  // 0x02
+        MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_3,  // 0x03
+        MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_4,  // 0x04
+        MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_5,  // 0x05
+        MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::UNKNOWN,     // 0x06
+        MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING        // 0x07
+    });
+
+    static uint8_t decode_raw(const uint8_t *payload, const PropertyContext &ctx) { return payload[6]; }
+
+    static void encode_raw(uint8_t *payload, uint8_t raw, const PropertyContext &) {
+      payload[1] |= 0x10;
+      payload[7] = raw;
+    }
+  };
+
+  struct WideVaneMode : Lookup<WideVaneMode, &Status::wide_vane_mode> {
+    static constexpr auto ID = PropertyId::WIDE_VANE;
+    static constexpr auto MAP = make_map<MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::UNKNOWN>({
+        MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::UNKNOWN,     // 0x00
+        MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::FAR_LEFT,    // 0x01
+        MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::LEFT,        // 0x02
+        MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::CENTER,      // 0x03
+        MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::RIGHT,       // 0x04
+        MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::FAR_RIGHT,   // 0x05
+        MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::UNKNOWN,     // 0x06
+        MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::UNKNOWN,     // 0x07
+        MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::LEFT_RIGHT,  // 0x08
+        MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::UNKNOWN,     // 0x09
+        MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::UNKNOWN,     // 0x0A
+        MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::UNKNOWN,     // 0x0B
+        MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::SWING        // 0x0C
+    });
+
+    static void decode_context(PropertyContext &ctx, const uint8_t *payload) {
+      ctx.set_wide_vane_high_bit = (payload[9] & 0xF0) == 0x80;
+    }
+
+    static uint8_t decode_raw(const uint8_t *payload, const PropertyContext &ctx) { return payload[9] & 0x0F; }
+
+    static void encode_raw(uint8_t *payload, uint8_t raw, const PropertyContext &ctx) {
+      payload[2] |= 0x01;
+      payload[13] = ctx.set_wide_vane_high_bit ? raw | 0x80 : raw;
+    }
+  };
+
+  template<typename Mask> struct Decoder {
+    const std::span<const uint8_t> payload;
+    PropertyContext &context;
+    const Mask &pending_writes;
+
+    bool ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE decode_settings(Status &status) {
+      if (this->payload.size() <= 10) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      this->decode_<Power, Temperature::Target, Mode, FanMode, VaneMode, WideVaneMode>(status);
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    bool ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE decode_room_temperature(Status &status) {
+      if (this->payload.size() <= 5) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      this->decode_<Temperature::Room>(status);
+      return true;
+    }
+
+   protected:
+    template<typename T, typename Out> ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE void decode_one_(Out &out) {
+      T::decode_context(this->context, this->payload.data());
+      if constexpr (requires { T::ID; }) {
+        if (this->pending_writes.contains(T::ID)) {
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+      T::decode(out, this->payload.data(), this->context);
+    }
+
+    template<typename... T, typename Out> void ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE decode_(Out &out) {
+      (this->decode_one_<T>(out), ...);
+    }
+  };
+
+  template<typename Mask> struct Encoder {
+    uint8_t *payload;
+    const PropertyContext &context;
+    Mask &pending_writes;
+
+    void ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE encode_settings(const Status &status) {
+      this->payload[0] = 0x01;
+      this->encode_and_clear_<Power, Temperature::Target, WideVaneMode, VaneMode, Mode, FanMode>(status);
+    }
+
+    void ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE encode_remote_temperature(uint8_t remote_temperature_half_deg) {
+      this->payload[0] = 0x07;
+      this->encode_and_clear_<Temperature::Remote>(remote_temperature_half_deg);
+    }
+
+   protected:
+    template<typename... T, typename In> void ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE encode_and_clear_(const In &in) {
+      (this->encode_one_<T>(in), ...);
+      (this->pending_writes.clear(T::ID), ...);
+    }
+
+    template<typename T, typename In> void encode_one_(const In &in) {
+      if (this->pending_writes.contains(T::ID)) {
+        T::encode(this->payload, in, this->context);
+      }
+    }
+  };
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105
diff --git a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_swing_mode_manager.h b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_swing_mode_manager.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..20f54f0bbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_swing_mode_manager.h
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <optional>
+
+#include "esphome/components/climate/climate.h"
+#include "mitsubishi_cn105.h"
+
+namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105 {
+
+class SwingModeManager final {
+ public:
+  const climate::ClimateSwingModeMask &supported_swing_modes() const { return this->supported_swing_modes_; }
+  void set_supported_swing_modes(const climate::ClimateSwingModeMask &supported_swing_modes) {
+    this->supported_swing_modes_ = supported_swing_modes;
+  }
+
+  std::optional<MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode> vane_from(climate::ClimateSwingMode swing_mode) const {
+    if (!this->supported_swing_modes_.count(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL)) {
+      return std::nullopt;
+    }
+
+    switch (swing_mode) {
+      case climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH:
+      case climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL:
+        return MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING;
+      default:
+        return this->last_non_swing_vane_mode_;
+    }
+  }
+
+  std::optional<MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode> wide_vane_from(climate::ClimateSwingMode swing_mode) const {
+    if (!this->supported_swing_modes_.count(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL)) {
+      return std::nullopt;
+    }
+
+    switch (swing_mode) {
+      case climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH:
+      case climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL:
+        return MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::SWING;
+      default:
+        return this->last_non_swing_wide_vane_mode_;
+    }
+  }
+
+  std::optional<climate::ClimateSwingMode> update_and_get_swing_mode(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode vane_mode,
+                                                                     MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode wide_vane_mode) {
+    if (this->supported_swing_modes_.empty()) {
+      return std::nullopt;
+    }
+
+    bool vertical_swinging = false;
+    bool horizontal_swinging = false;
+    if (this->supported_swing_modes_.count(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL)) {
+      if (vane_mode == MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING) {
+        vertical_swinging = true;
+      } else if (vane_mode != MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::UNKNOWN) {
+        this->last_non_swing_vane_mode_ = vane_mode;
+      }
+    }
+    if (this->supported_swing_modes_.count(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL)) {
+      if (wide_vane_mode == MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::SWING) {
+        horizontal_swinging = true;
+      } else if (wide_vane_mode != MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::UNKNOWN) {
+        this->last_non_swing_wide_vane_mode_ = wide_vane_mode;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (vertical_swinging && horizontal_swinging) {
+      return climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH;
+    }
+    if (vertical_swinging) {
+      return climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL;
+    }
+    if (horizontal_swinging) {
+      return climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL;
+    }
+    return climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  climate::ClimateSwingModeMask supported_swing_modes_{};
+  MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode last_non_swing_vane_mode_{MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::AUTO};
+  MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode last_non_swing_wide_vane_mode_{MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::CENTER};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105
diff --git a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/select/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/select/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4ca12edbb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/select/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import select
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+from .. import (
+    MITSUBISHI_CN105_DEVICE_SCHEMA,
+    VERTICAL_VANE_DIRECTIONS,
+    MitsubishiCN105Component,
+    mitsubishi_ns,
+    register_mitsubishi_cn105_device,
+)
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["mitsubishi_cn105"]
+
+CONF_VERTICAL_VANE_DIRECTION = "vertical_vane_direction"
+
+MitsubishiCN105VerticalVaneDirectionSelect = mitsubishi_ns.class_(
+    "MitsubishiCN105VerticalVaneDirectionSelect",
+    select.Select,
+    cg.Component,
+    cg.Parented.template(MitsubishiCN105Component),
+)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Optional(CONF_VERTICAL_VANE_DIRECTION): select.select_schema(
+            MitsubishiCN105VerticalVaneDirectionSelect,
+            icon="mdi:arrow-up-down",
+        ),
+    }
+).extend(MITSUBISHI_CN105_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    if vertical_vane_direction := config.get(CONF_VERTICAL_VANE_DIRECTION):
+        var = cg.new_Pvariable(vertical_vane_direction[CONF_ID])
+        await cg.register_component(var, vertical_vane_direction)
+        await select.register_select(
+            var,
+            vertical_vane_direction,
+            options=[direction.capitalize() for direction in VERTICAL_VANE_DIRECTIONS],
+        )
+        await register_mitsubishi_cn105_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/select/mitsubishi_cn105_vane_select_vertical.cpp b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/select/mitsubishi_cn105_vane_select_vertical.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d703ddbb02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/select/mitsubishi_cn105_vane_select_vertical.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#include "mitsubishi_cn105_vane_select_vertical.h"
+
+#include <array>
+
+namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105 {
+
+// NOTE: This order must match VERTICAL_VANE_DIRECTIONS in the hub's __init__.py.
+// MitsubishiCN105VerticalVaneDirectionSelect uses the preferred index-based
+// Select API, so Python option order and this array must stay aligned.
+static constexpr std::array VALUES{
+    MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::AUTO,       MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_1, MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_2,
+    MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_3, MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_4, MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_5,
+    MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING,
+};
+
+void MitsubishiCN105VerticalVaneDirectionSelect::setup() {
+  this->parent_->add_on_status_callback([this]() { this->publish_vane_state(this->parent_->status().vane_mode); });
+  if (this->parent_->is_status_initialized()) {
+    this->publish_vane_state(this->parent_->status().vane_mode);
+  }
+}
+
+void MitsubishiCN105VerticalVaneDirectionSelect::control(size_t index) {
+  if (index < VALUES.size()) {
+    this->parent_->set_vane_mode(VALUES[index]);
+    this->parent_->publish_status();
+  }
+}
+
+void MitsubishiCN105VerticalVaneDirectionSelect::publish_vane_state(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode mode) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < VALUES.size(); ++i) {
+    if (VALUES[i] == mode) {
+      this->publish_state(i);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105
diff --git a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/select/mitsubishi_cn105_vane_select_vertical.h b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/select/mitsubishi_cn105_vane_select_vertical.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..656b78b487
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/select/mitsubishi_cn105_vane_select_vertical.h
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "../mitsubishi_cn105_component.h"
+
+#include "esphome/components/select/select.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+
+namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105 {
+
+class MitsubishiCN105VerticalVaneDirectionSelect final : public select::Select,
+                                                         public Component,
+                                                         public Parented<MitsubishiCN105Component> {
+ public:
+  void setup() override;
+  void publish_vane_state(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode mode);
+
+ protected:
+  void control(size_t index) override;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105
diff --git a/esphome/components/mixer/speaker/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mixer/speaker/__init__.py
index 47164a9997..a3746c019a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mixer/speaker/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mixer/speaker/__init__.py
@@ -15,8 +15,11 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TIMEOUT,
     PLATFORM_ESP32,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["audio"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kahrendt"]
@@ -48,7 +51,7 @@ SOURCE_SPEAKER_SCHEMA = speaker.SPEAKER_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-def _validate_source_speaker(config):
+def _validate_source_speaker(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     fconf = fv.full_config.get()
 
     # Get ID for the output speaker and add it to the source speakers config to easily inherit properties
@@ -70,7 +73,7 @@ def _validate_source_speaker(config):
     return config
 
 
-def _validate_output_speaker(config):
+def _validate_output_speaker(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     audio.final_validate_audio_schema(
         "mixer",
         audio_device=CONF_OUTPUT_SPEAKER,
@@ -112,7 +115,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
@@ -161,7 +164,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def ducking_set_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def ducking_set_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     decibel_reduction = await cg.templatable(
diff --git a/esphome/components/mk2pvrouter/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mk2pvrouter/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d00b4ce8d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/mk2pvrouter/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import uart
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_TAG
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+CODEOWNERS = ["@FredM67"]
+DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+
+mk2pvrouter_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("mk2pvrouter")
+Mk2PVRouter = mk2pvrouter_ns.class_("Mk2PVRouter", cg.Component, uart.UARTDevice)
+
+CONF_MK2PVROUTER_ID = "mk2pvrouter_id"
+
+# Tags are copied into a fixed-size buffer (MAX_TAG_SIZE = 8 in mk2pvrouter.h),
+# which needs room for a trailing null terminator.
+MAX_TAG_LEN = 7
+
+MK2PVROUTER_LISTENER_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_MK2PVROUTER_ID): cv.use_id(Mk2PVRouter),
+        cv.Required(CONF_TAG): cv.All(
+            cv.string_strict, cv.Length(min=1, max=MAX_TAG_LEN), lambda x: x.upper()
+        ),
+    }
+)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(Mk2PVRouter),
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(uart.UART_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
+)
+
+
+def final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    # Validate UART settings
+    schema = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
+        "mk2pvrouter",
+        baud_rate=9600,
+        parity="EVEN",
+        data_bits=7,
+        stop_bits=1,
+        require_rx=True,
+        require_tx=False,
+    )
+    schema(config)
+
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = final_validate
+
+
+_request_listener_slot = cg.slot_counter("MK2PVROUTER_LISTENER_COUNT")
+
+
+async def register_mk2pvrouter_listener(mk2pvrouter: MockObj, var: MockObj) -> None:
+    """Register a listener with its hub and count it for the compile-time buffer size."""
+    _request_listener_slot()
+    cg.add(mk2pvrouter.register_mk2pvrouter_listener(var))
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mk2pvrouter/mk2pvrouter.cpp b/esphome/components/mk2pvrouter/mk2pvrouter.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a9c922602b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/mk2pvrouter/mk2pvrouter.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+#include "mk2pvrouter.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include <cstring>
+
+namespace esphome::mk2pvrouter {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "mk2pvrouter";
+
+constexpr uint8_t START_FRAME = 0x2;
+constexpr uint8_t END_FRAME = 0x3;
+constexpr uint8_t LINE_FEED = 0xa;
+constexpr uint8_t CARRIAGE_RETURN = 0xd;
+constexpr uint8_t TAB = 0x9;
+constexpr uint8_t MAX_ITERATIONS = 128;
+constexpr uint8_t CRC_MASK = 0x3F;
+constexpr uint8_t CRC_OFFSET = 0x20;
+
+// Extracts a TAB-delimited field from [buf_start, buf_end) into dest.
+// Returns the field length, or 0 if no TAB was found, or the (uncopied) field
+// length if it's >= max_len.
+static size_t get_field(char *dest, const char *buf_start, const char *buf_end, size_t max_len) {
+  const auto *const field_end = static_cast<const char *>(memchr(buf_start, TAB, buf_end - buf_start));
+  if (!field_end)
+    return 0;
+  const size_t len = field_end - buf_start;
+  if (len >= max_len) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Field too long: %zu bytes (max %zu)", len, max_len);
+    return len;
+  }
+
+  memcpy(dest, buf_start, len);
+  dest[len] = '\0';  // Null-terminate
+  return len;
+}
+
+// Calculates the CRC (checksum) for a given group of characters.
+uint8_t Mk2PVRouter::calculate_crc_(const char *grp, size_t grp_len) {
+  uint8_t crc_tmp{0};
+  const auto effective_len = grp_len - CRC_SUFFIX_LEN;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < effective_len; i++) {
+    crc_tmp += grp[i];
+  }
+  crc_tmp &= CRC_MASK;
+  crc_tmp += CRC_OFFSET;
+  return crc_tmp;
+}
+
+// Verifies the CRC of a group against its trailing CRC byte.
+bool Mk2PVRouter::check_crc_(const char *grp, const char *grp_end) {
+  const auto grp_len = grp_end - grp;
+  if (grp_len < static_cast<decltype(grp_len)>(CRC_SUFFIX_LEN)) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Empty or too short group");
+    return false;
+  }
+  const auto raw_crc = grp[grp_len - 1];
+
+  const auto calculated_crc = this->calculate_crc_(grp, grp_len);
+
+  if (raw_crc != calculated_crc) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "CRC mismatch: expected %d, got %d", calculated_crc, raw_crc);
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Validates, parses, and publishes a single tag/value group.
+void Mk2PVRouter::process_group_(const char *grp, const char *grp_end) {
+  if (!this->check_crc_(grp, grp_end))
+    return;
+
+  size_t field_len = get_field(this->tag_, grp, grp_end, MAX_TAG_SIZE);
+  if (!field_len || field_len >= MAX_TAG_SIZE) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid tag");
+    return;
+  }
+  const auto *val_start = grp + field_len + 1;  // Skip tag + TAB.
+
+  field_len = get_field(this->val_, val_start, grp_end, MAX_VAL_SIZE);
+  if (!field_len || field_len >= MAX_VAL_SIZE) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid value for tag %s", this->tag_);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  this->publish_value_(this->tag_, this->val_);
+}
+
+// Reads characters until `c` is found or the internal buffer is full.
+bool Mk2PVRouter::read_chars_until_(bool drop, uint8_t c) {
+  size_t j{0};
+
+  while (this->available() > 0 && j++ < MAX_ITERATIONS) {
+    const auto received = this->read();
+    if (received < 0)
+      continue;
+    if (received == c)
+      return true;
+    if (drop)
+      continue;
+    if (this->buf_index_ >= (sizeof(this->buf_) - 1)) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Internal buffer full");
+      this->buf_index_ = 0;
+      this->state_ = State::WAITING_FOR_START;
+      return false;
+    }
+    this->buf_[this->buf_index_++] = received;
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+void Mk2PVRouter::loop() {
+  switch (this->state_) {
+    case State::WAITING_FOR_START:
+      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "State: WAITING_FOR_START");
+      if (this->read_chars_until_(true, START_FRAME))
+        this->state_ = State::START_FRAME_RECEIVED;
+      break;
+    case State::START_FRAME_RECEIVED:
+      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "State: START_FRAME_RECEIVED");
+      if (this->read_chars_until_(false, END_FRAME))
+        this->state_ = State::END_FRAME_RECEIVED;
+      break;
+    case State::END_FRAME_RECEIVED: {
+      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "State: END_FRAME_RECEIVED -> processing");
+
+      if (this->buf_index_ == 0) {
+        this->state_ = State::WAITING_FOR_START;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      auto *buf_finger = this->buf_;
+      auto *buf_end = this->buf_ + this->buf_index_;
+
+      // Each group: 0xa(LF) | Tag | 0x9(TAB) | Data | 0x9(TAB) | CRC | 0xd(CR)
+      // CRC is computed over "Tag | TAB | Data | TAB".
+      while ((buf_finger = static_cast<char *>(memchr(buf_finger, LINE_FEED, buf_end - buf_finger))) != nullptr) {
+        ++buf_finger;  // Skip LF to the start of the group.
+
+        auto *const grp_end = static_cast<char *>(memchr(buf_finger, CARRIAGE_RETURN, buf_end - buf_finger));
+        if (!grp_end) {
+          ESP_LOGE(TAG, "No group found");
+          break;
+        }
+
+        this->process_group_(buf_finger, grp_end);
+
+        buf_finger = grp_end;  // grp_end is always < buf_end, so this stays in bounds.
+      }
+      this->buf_index_ = 0;
+      this->state_ = State::WAITING_FOR_START;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void Mk2PVRouter::publish_value_(const char *tag, const char *val) {
+#ifdef MK2PVROUTER_LISTENER_COUNT
+  for (auto *element : this->mk2pvrouter_listeners_) {
+    if (strcmp(tag, element->get_tag()) != 0)
+      continue;
+    element->publish_val(val);
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+void Mk2PVRouter::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Mk2PVRouter:");
+  this->check_uart_settings(BAUD_RATE, 1, uart::UART_CONFIG_PARITY_EVEN, 7);
+}
+
+#ifdef MK2PVROUTER_LISTENER_COUNT
+void Mk2PVRouter::register_mk2pvrouter_listener(Mk2PVRouterListener *listener) {
+  this->mk2pvrouter_listeners_.push_back(listener);
+}
+#endif
+
+}  // namespace esphome::mk2pvrouter
diff --git a/esphome/components/mk2pvrouter/mk2pvrouter.h b/esphome/components/mk2pvrouter/mk2pvrouter.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f542436f1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/mk2pvrouter/mk2pvrouter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/components/uart/uart.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+namespace esphome::mk2pvrouter {
+/*
+ * Buffer sizes based on the mk2pvrouter telemetry protocol, as implemented by the
+ * firmware's teleinfo.h (see github.com/FredM67/PVRouter-{1,3}-phase):
+ * - Tags: max 4 chars (S_MC is longest), most are 1-2 chars (P, V1, R2, etc.)
+ * - Values: max 6 digits signed (-10000), typical 1-5 digits. Energy (E) is a daily
+ *   counter reset at midnight, so it stays well within 6 digits.
+ * - Frame: STX + multiple lines (LF+tag+TAB+value+TAB+crc+CR) + ETX
+ * - Line format: \n<tag>\t<value>\t<crc>\r (8-15 bytes per line)
+ * - Multi-phase with all features: ~150-200 bytes
+ */
+static constexpr uint8_t MAX_TAG_SIZE = 8;     // S_MC (4) + digit (1) + null (1) + margin (2)
+static constexpr uint8_t MAX_VAL_SIZE = 8;     // -10000 (6) + null (1) + margin (1)
+static constexpr uint16_t MAX_BUF_SIZE = 256;  // Full frame with all features enabled
+
+// Listener interface for entities that want updates for a specific tag.
+class Mk2PVRouterListener {
+ public:
+  explicit Mk2PVRouterListener(const char *tag) : tag_(tag) {}
+  virtual ~Mk2PVRouterListener() = default;
+  const char *get_tag() const { return this->tag_; }
+  virtual void publish_val(const char *val) = 0;
+
+ protected:
+  const char *tag_;
+};
+
+// Reads frames via UART, validates their CRC, and publishes tag/value pairs to listeners.
+class Mk2PVRouter final : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
+ public:
+#ifdef MK2PVROUTER_LISTENER_COUNT
+  void register_mk2pvrouter_listener(Mk2PVRouterListener *listener);
+#endif
+  void loop() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+
+ protected:
+  static constexpr size_t CRC_SUFFIX_LEN = 1;
+  static constexpr uint32_t BAUD_RATE = 9600;
+
+  enum class State : uint8_t {
+    WAITING_FOR_START,
+    START_FRAME_RECEIVED,
+    END_FRAME_RECEIVED,
+  };
+
+#ifdef MK2PVROUTER_LISTENER_COUNT
+  StaticVector<Mk2PVRouterListener *, MK2PVROUTER_LISTENER_COUNT> mk2pvrouter_listeners_;
+#endif
+  uint16_t buf_index_{0};
+  State state_{State::WAITING_FOR_START};
+  char tag_[MAX_TAG_SIZE];
+  char val_[MAX_VAL_SIZE];
+  char buf_[MAX_BUF_SIZE];  // Large buffer last to reduce padding
+
+  bool read_chars_until_(bool drop, uint8_t c);
+  uint8_t calculate_crc_(const char *grp, size_t grp_len);
+  bool check_crc_(const char *grp, const char *grp_end);
+  void process_group_(const char *grp, const char *grp_end);
+  void publish_value_(const char *tag, const char *val);
+};
+}  // namespace esphome::mk2pvrouter
diff --git a/esphome/components/mk2pvrouter/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mk2pvrouter/sensor/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..14fc48a626
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/mk2pvrouter/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import sensor
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_TAG
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+from .. import (
+    CONF_MK2PVROUTER_ID,
+    MK2PVROUTER_LISTENER_SCHEMA,
+    mk2pvrouter_ns,
+    register_mk2pvrouter_listener,
+)
+
+Mk2PVRouterSensor = mk2pvrouter_ns.class_(
+    "Mk2PVRouterSensor", sensor.Sensor, cg.Component
+)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = sensor.sensor_schema(Mk2PVRouterSensor).extend(
+    MK2PVROUTER_LISTENER_SCHEMA
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], config[CONF_TAG])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    await sensor.register_sensor(var, config)
+    mk2pvrouter = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MK2PVROUTER_ID])
+    await register_mk2pvrouter_listener(mk2pvrouter, var)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mk2pvrouter/sensor/mk2pvrouter_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/mk2pvrouter/sensor/mk2pvrouter_sensor.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..96f1ff5954
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/mk2pvrouter/sensor/mk2pvrouter_sensor.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#include "mk2pvrouter_sensor.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::mk2pvrouter {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "mk2pvrouter_sensor";
+
+Mk2PVRouterSensor::Mk2PVRouterSensor(const char *tag) : Mk2PVRouterListener(tag) {}
+
+void Mk2PVRouterSensor::publish_val(const char *val) {
+  auto result = parse_number<float>(val);
+  if (!result.has_value()) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to parse value '%s' for tag '%s'", val, this->get_tag());
+    return;
+  }
+  this->publish_state(result.value());
+}
+
+void Mk2PVRouterSensor::dump_config() {
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Mk2PVRouter Sensor", this);
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Tag: %s", this->get_tag());
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::mk2pvrouter
diff --git a/esphome/components/mk2pvrouter/sensor/mk2pvrouter_sensor.h b/esphome/components/mk2pvrouter/sensor/mk2pvrouter_sensor.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e4da41e384
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/mk2pvrouter/sensor/mk2pvrouter_sensor.h
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/components/mk2pvrouter/mk2pvrouter.h"
+#include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
+
+namespace esphome::mk2pvrouter {
+
+class Mk2PVRouterSensor final : public Mk2PVRouterListener, public sensor::Sensor, public Component {
+ public:
+  explicit Mk2PVRouterSensor(const char *tag);
+  void publish_val(const char *val) override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::mk2pvrouter
diff --git a/esphome/components/mlx90393/sensor.py b/esphome/components/mlx90393/sensor.py
index a6330b1cc0..59bdffc114 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mlx90393/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mlx90393/sensor.py
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_MICROTESLA,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@functionpointer"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ CONF_DRDY_PIN = "drdy_pin"
 CONF_HALLCONF = "hallconf"
 
 
-def _validate(config):
+def _validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if config[CONF_TEMPERATURE_COMPENSATION]:
         for axis in [CONF_X_AXIS, CONF_Y_AXIS, CONF_Z_AXIS]:
             if axis not in config:
@@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ def _validate(config):
     return config
 
 
-def mlx90393_axis_schema():
+def mlx90393_axis_schema() -> cv.Schema:
     return sensor.sensor_schema(
         unit_of_measurement=UNIT_MICROTESLA,
         accuracy_decimals=0,
@@ -127,7 +128,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mlx90614/sensor.py b/esphome/components/mlx90614/sensor.py
index 6a34c4bdc0..0cf9b95dde 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mlx90614/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mlx90614/sensor.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mmc5603/sensor.py b/esphome/components/mmc5603/sensor.py
index 6d2bafdd0e..a9f240508c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mmc5603/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mmc5603/sensor.py
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_DEGREES,
     UNIT_MICROTESLA,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_AUTO_SET_RESET = "auto_set_reset"
 
@@ -65,7 +67,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-def auto_data_rate(config):
+def auto_data_rate(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     interval_msec = config[CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL].total_milliseconds
     interval_hz = 1000.0 / interval_msec
     for datarate in sorted(MMC5603Datarates.keys()):
@@ -74,7 +76,7 @@ def auto_data_rate(config):
     return MMC5603Datarates[75]
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mmc5983/sensor.py b/esphome/components/mmc5983/sensor.py
index aaff2946f2..797181690f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mmc5983/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mmc5983/sensor.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_MICROTESLA,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus/__init__.py b/esphome/components/modbus/__init__.py
index bc52263aef..76cfdbed70 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus/__init__.py
@@ -1,15 +1,23 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import logging
-from typing import Literal
+from typing import Any, Literal, NamedTuple
 
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ADDRESS, CONF_DISABLE_CRC, CONF_FLOW_CONTROL_PIN, CONF_ID
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ADDRESS,
+    CONF_CONTINUOUS,
+    CONF_DISABLE_CRC,
+    CONF_FLOW_CONTROL_PIN,
+    CONF_ID,
+)
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
 from esphome.cpp_helpers import gpio_pin_expression
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType, TemplateArgsType
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -21,6 +29,15 @@ AUTO_LOAD = ["modbus_client"]
 # Mirrors modbus::MAX_PDU_SIZE in modbus_definitions.h: 256-byte RTU frame minus address and CRC.
 MAX_PDU_SIZE = 253
 
+# Mirror the per-function entity count limits from modbus_definitions.h. Keep these in step with the
+# C++ constants of the same name; the spec sets a different ceiling for each function code.
+MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_READ = 2000
+MAX_NUM_OF_DISCRETE_INPUTS_TO_READ = 2000
+MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_WRITE = 1968
+MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ = 125
+MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE = 123
+MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE_RW = 121
+
 modbus_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("modbus")
 Modbus = modbus_ns.class_("Modbus", cg.Component, uart.UARTDevice)
 ModbusServer = modbus_ns.class_("ModbusServerHub", Modbus)
@@ -28,6 +45,7 @@ ModbusClient = modbus_ns.class_("ModbusClientHub", Modbus)
 ModbusDevice = modbus_ns.class_("ModbusDevice")
 ModbusClientDevice = modbus_ns.class_("ModbusClientDevice")
 ModbusServerDevice = modbus_ns.class_("ModbusServerDevice")
+CommandOptions = modbus_ns.struct("CommandOptions")
 MULTI_CONF = True
 
 CONF_ROLE = "role"
@@ -37,6 +55,104 @@ CONF_TURNAROUND_TIME = "turnaround_time"
 
 MODBUS_ROLES = ["client", "server"]
 
+
+class _CommandOption(NamedTuple):
+    """One per-command option forwarded to the hub (modbus::CommandOptions)."""
+
+    conf_key: str
+    field: str  # the C++ field, and so the set_<field>() setter name
+    validator: Any  # the static (non-templatable) validator for the key
+    cpp_type: Any  # the C++ type the value is generated as
+    default: Any
+
+
+# Per-direction command options. Single-sourcing the schema and the setter generation here keeps
+# them from drifting; the C++ side must add the matching field per the rules documented on
+# CommandOptions (modbus.h).
+_COMMAND_OPTIONS: dict[str, list[_CommandOption]] = {
+    "read": [_CommandOption(CONF_CONTINUOUS, "continuous", cv.boolean, bool, False)],
+    "write": [],
+}
+
+
+def _command_options(direction: str) -> list[_CommandOption]:
+    try:
+        return _COMMAND_OPTIONS[direction]
+    except KeyError:
+        raise ValueError(f"unknown command-options direction {direction!r}") from None
+
+
+# The write (mutating) function codes, matching modbus::helpers::is_function_code_write(). 0x17
+# (read/write multiple) is included: it mutates, so the hub treats it as a write despite its read half.
+_WRITE_FUNCTION_CODES = frozenset({0x05, 0x06, 0x0F, 0x10, 0x16, 0x17})
+
+
+def is_function_code_write(function_code: int) -> bool:
+    """True if the Modbus function code writes (mutates). The exception bit (0x80) is masked off first,
+    so an exception-flagged code still classifies by its base code (the runtime hub never queues one:
+    queue_pdu() refuses them). Keep in sync with modbus::helpers::is_function_code_write()."""
+    return function_code & 0x7F in _WRITE_FUNCTION_CODES
+
+
+def command_options_schema(
+    *, direction: Literal["read", "write"], templatable: bool = False
+) -> dict[cv.Optional, Any]:
+    """Schema fragment for the per-command options a component forwards to the hub
+    (modbus::CommandOptions). Extend this into any schema that queues commands. Keys are
+    direction-specific so a schema never offers an option the hub would strip (e.g.
+    continuous on a write); the write side has no options yet. For actions (templatable=True the
+    keys also accept lambdas), register the values with register_templatable_command_options().
+    """
+    return {
+        cv.Optional(option.conf_key, default=option.default): (
+            cv.templatable(option.validator) if templatable else option.validator
+        )
+        for option in _command_options(direction)
+    }
+
+
+def command_options_expression(
+    config: ConfigType, *, direction: Literal["read", "write"]
+) -> cg.StructInitializer:
+    """Build the modbus::CommandOptions initializer for a config validated with
+    command_options_schema() of the same direction. For static (non-templatable) options only;
+    actions with lambda values use register_templatable_command_options() instead.
+    """
+    return cg.StructInitializer(
+        CommandOptions,
+        *(
+            # Construct the value as its declared cpp_type, so a future non-bool option (enum,
+            # uint16_t, ...) is emitted with the right type instead of whatever safe_exp() infers.
+            (option.field, option.cpp_type(config[option.conf_key]))
+            for option in _command_options(direction)
+            if option.conf_key in config
+        ),
+    )
+
+
+async def register_templatable_command_options(
+    var: MockObj, config: ConfigType, args: TemplateArgsType, direction: str
+) -> None:
+    """Generate the set_<option>() calls for the given direction's command options present in config.
+    Pass the same direction the action's command_options_schema() used, so the keys generated match
+    the ones the schema offered - a write action never emits a read option's setter. Options the
+    schema did not add are simply absent. The consumer's C++ class declares a matching
+    TEMPLATABLE_VALUE per option (e.g. TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, continuous)).
+    """
+    for option in _command_options(direction):
+        if option.conf_key not in config:
+            continue
+        value = config[option.conf_key]
+        # Skip codegen when the value is its C++ zero (TemplatableFn::value() returns T{} when
+        # unset): behaviourally identical, and saves a thunk plus a setup() call per action.
+        if cg.is_template(value) or value != type(value)():
+            cg.add(
+                getattr(var, f"set_{option.field}")(
+                    await cg.templatable(value, args, option.cpp_type)
+                )
+            )
+
+
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.typed_schema(
     {
         "client": cv.Schema(
@@ -75,7 +191,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.typed_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_global(modbus_ns.using)
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
@@ -91,28 +207,62 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add(var.set_turnaround_time(config[CONF_TURNAROUND_TIME]))
 
 
-def modbus_device_schema(default_address, role: Literal["client", "server"] = "client"):
+# The broadcast address (0) is delivered to every device and is never answered (Modbus 4.1),
+# so it cannot identify an individual device or read anything back.
+BROADCAST_ADDRESS = 0
+
+
+def reject_broadcast_address(
+    address: int, usage: str, guidance: str, path: list[str] | None = None
+) -> None:
+    """Raise cv.Invalid if `address` is the Modbus broadcast address (0).
+
+    `usage` names how the address is being used (e.g. "a server device address") and `guidance`
+    is a sentence telling the user what to do instead. Sharing the leading sentence here keeps the
+    call sites (server device, modbus_controller) from drifting apart.
+    """
+    if address == BROADCAST_ADDRESS:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"Address 0 is the Modbus broadcast address and cannot be used as {usage}. {guidance}",
+            path,
+        )
+
+
+def _validate_server_address(value: Any) -> int:
+    address = cv.hex_uint8_t(value)
+    reject_broadcast_address(
+        address,
+        "a server device address",
+        "Assign a unique unit address instead.",
+    )
+    return address
+
+
+def modbus_device_schema(
+    default_address: int | None, role: Literal["client", "server"] = "client"
+) -> cv.Schema:
     hub_type = ModbusClient if role == "client" else ModbusServer
+    address_validator = _validate_server_address if role == "server" else cv.hex_uint8_t
     schema = {
         cv.GenerateID(CONF_MODBUS_ID): cv.use_id(hub_type),
     }
     if default_address is None:
-        schema[cv.Required(CONF_ADDRESS)] = cv.hex_uint8_t
+        schema[cv.Required(CONF_ADDRESS)] = address_validator
     else:
-        schema[cv.Optional(CONF_ADDRESS, default=default_address)] = cv.hex_uint8_t
+        schema[cv.Optional(CONF_ADDRESS, default=default_address)] = address_validator
     return cv.Schema(schema)
 
 
 def final_validate_modbus_device(
     name: str, *, role: Literal["server", "client"] | None = None
-):
-    def validate_role(value):
+) -> cv.Schema:
+    def validate_role(value: str) -> str:
         assert role in MODBUS_ROLES
         if value != role:
             raise cv.Invalid(f"Component {name} requires role to be {role}")
         return value
 
-    def validate_hub(hub_config):
+    def validate_hub(hub_config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
         hub_schema = {}
         if role is not None:
             hub_schema[cv.Required(CONF_ROLE)] = validate_role
@@ -125,19 +275,19 @@ def final_validate_modbus_device(
     )
 
 
-async def register_modbus_client_device(var, config):
+async def register_modbus_client_device(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MODBUS_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_parent(parent))
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_ADDRESS]))
 
 
-async def register_modbus_server_device(var, config):
+async def register_modbus_server_device(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MODBUS_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_ADDRESS]))
     cg.add(parent.register_device(var))
 
 
-async def register_modbus_device(var, config):
+async def register_modbus_device(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # Remove before 2026.12.0
     _LOGGER.warning(
         "'register_modbus_device' is deprecated, use 'register_modbus_client_device' "
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus/helpers.py b/esphome/components/modbus/helpers.py
index e7eaacee0c..ec95b82045 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus/helpers.py
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus/helpers.py
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 modbus_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("modbus")
 modbus_helpers_ns = modbus_ns.namespace("helpers")
 
+RegisterValues = modbus_ns.class_("RegisterValues")
+PduBuffer = modbus_helpers_ns.class_("PduBuffer")
+
 FunctionCode_ns = modbus_ns.namespace("FunctionCode")
 FunctionCode = FunctionCode_ns.enum("FunctionCode")
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus/modbus.cpp b/esphome/components/modbus/modbus.cpp
index 57371b9e79..f428236a82 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus/modbus.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus/modbus.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 #include "modbus.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
@@ -7,40 +11,55 @@ namespace esphome::modbus {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "modbus";
 
-// Maximum bytes to log for Modbus frames (truncated if larger)
 static constexpr size_t MODBUS_MAX_LOG_BYTES = 64;
 
-// Approximate bits per character on the wire (depends on parity/stop bit config)
-static constexpr uint32_t MODBUS_BITS_PER_CHAR = 11;
-// Milliseconds per second
-static constexpr uint32_t MS_PER_SEC = 1000;
+static constexpr uint32_t US_PER_SEC = 1000000;
+static constexpr uint32_t US_PER_MS = 1000;
+
+// Minimum interframe delay per the Modbus spec (fixed 1750us above 19200 baud)
+static constexpr uint32_t MODBUS_MIN_FRAME_DELAY_US = 1750;
+
+// Diagnostics only: the backdated byte stamp can precede last_send_ (echo, or noise during our own
+// send), where an unsigned wrap would print ~4.29e9.
+static uint32_t us_since_send(uint32_t last_modbus_byte, uint32_t last_send) {
+  const uint32_t elapsed = last_modbus_byte - last_send;
+  return (int32_t) elapsed < 0 ? 0 : elapsed;
+}
 
 void Modbus::setup() {
   if (this->flow_control_pin_ != nullptr) {
     this->flow_control_pin_->setup();
   }
 
-  this->frame_delay_ms_ =
-      std::max(2,  // 1750us minimum per spec - rounded up to 2ms.
-                   // 3.5 characters * 11 bits per character * 1000ms/sec / (bits/sec) (Standard modbus frame delay)
-               (uint16_t) (3.5 * MODBUS_BITS_PER_CHAR * MS_PER_SEC / this->parent_->get_baud_rate()) + 1);
+  // RTU specifies 11 bits per character but 8N1 is 10, so derive it from the framing. The schema
+  // forbids a zero, so one here means the hub never set it (weikai): fall back to 8N1 and a 1 baud floor.
+  const uint8_t data_bits = this->parent_->get_data_bits() != 0 ? this->parent_->get_data_bits() : 8;
+  const uint8_t stop_bits = this->parent_->get_stop_bits() != 0 ? this->parent_->get_stop_bits() : 1;
+  const uint32_t baud_rate = std::max<uint32_t>(1u, this->parent_->get_baud_rate());
+  this->bits_per_char_ = static_cast<uint8_t>(
+      1 + data_bits + (this->parent_->get_parity() == uart::UART_CONFIG_PARITY_NONE ? 0 : 1) + stop_bits);
+
+  // 3.5 characters * bits per character * 1e6 us/sec / (bits/sec) (Standard modbus frame delay)
+  this->frame_delay_us_ =
+      std::max(MODBUS_MIN_FRAME_DELAY_US, (uint32_t) (3.5 * this->bits_per_char_ * US_PER_SEC / baud_rate) + 1);
 
   // When rx_full_threshold is configured (non-zero), the UART has a hardware FIFO with a
   // meaningful threshold (e.g., ESP32 native UART), so we can calculate a precise delay.
   // Otherwise (e.g., USB UART), use 50ms to handle data arriving in chunks.
-  static constexpr uint16_t DEFAULT_LONG_RX_BUFFER_DELAY_MS = 50;
+  static constexpr uint32_t DEFAULT_LONG_RX_BUFFER_DELAY_US = 50 * US_PER_MS;
   size_t rx_threshold = this->parent_->get_rx_full_threshold();
-  this->long_rx_buffer_delay_ms_ =
-      rx_threshold != uart::UARTComponent::RX_FULL_THRESHOLD_UNSET
-          ? (rx_threshold * MODBUS_BITS_PER_CHAR * MS_PER_SEC / this->parent_->get_baud_rate()) + 1
-          : DEFAULT_LONG_RX_BUFFER_DELAY_MS;
+  this->long_rx_buffer_delay_us_ = rx_threshold != uart::UARTComponent::RX_FULL_THRESHOLD_UNSET
+                                       ? (uint32_t) (rx_threshold * this->bits_per_char_ * US_PER_SEC / baud_rate) + 1
+                                       : DEFAULT_LONG_RX_BUFFER_DELAY_US;
+
+  // The idle-timeout interrupt fires rx_timeout characters after the last byte, so that much silence
+  // has already passed by the time we read it: backdate so the gap measures silence on the wire.
+  this->rx_detect_latency_us_ =
+      (uint32_t) (this->parent_->get_rx_timeout() * this->bits_per_char_ * US_PER_SEC / baud_rate);
 }
 
 void Modbus::loop() {
-  // Receive any available bytes from UART
   this->receive_bytes_();
-
-  // Parse bytes into frames and process them
   this->parse_modbus_frames();
 }
 
@@ -49,12 +68,12 @@ void ModbusClientHub::loop() {
   // never times out an entry whose pending count has not been drained. No-op when nothing is owed.
   this->sweep_();
 
-  this->Modbus::loop();  // receive bytes and parse frames
+  this->Modbus::loop();
 
   // Send-wait watchdog: only the cheap time check runs at loop rate; expire_waiting_() looks the
   // entry up and holds off if the response has started arriving.
   if (this->waiting_for_response_ &&
-      this->last_receive_check_ - this->last_send_ > this->last_send_tx_offset_ + this->send_wait_time_) {
+      this->last_receive_check_ - this->last_send_ > this->last_send_tx_offset_ + this->send_wait_time_us_) {
     this->expire_waiting_();
   }
 
@@ -74,7 +93,7 @@ void ModbusClientHub::expire_waiting_() {
   }
   // Only a genuine WAITING entry warrants the log (a cleared or interrupted shell timing out is expected).
   if (cmd->state == FrameState::WAITING) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Stop waiting for response from %" PRIu8 " %" PRIu32 "ms after last send", cmd->frame.address(),
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Stop waiting for response from %" PRIu8 " %" PRIu32 "us after last send", cmd->frame.address(),
              this->last_receive_check_ - this->last_send_);
   }
   // Deliver on_no_response directly, the way the parse path delivers response()/error(): the entry
@@ -88,79 +107,83 @@ void ModbusClientHub::expire_waiting_() {
 bool Modbus::timeout_() {
   // If the response frame is finished (including interframe delay) - we timeout.
   // The long_rx_buffer_delay accounts for long responses (larger than the UART rx_full_threshold) to avoid timeouts
-  // when the buffer is filling the back half of the response
-  const uint16_t timeout = std::max(
-      (uint16_t) this->frame_delay_ms_,
-      (uint16_t) (this->rx_buffer_.size() >= this->parent_->get_rx_full_threshold() ? this->long_rx_buffer_delay_ms_
-                                                                                    : 0));
+  // when the buffer is filling the back half of the response. The latch decides, not the current size:
+  // parsing a leading frame can shrink the buffer below the threshold while the rest is still streaming.
+  // The latency term covers the final batch, which is idle-delivered.
+  const uint32_t timeout =
+      this->exceeded_rx_full_threshold_
+          ? std::max(this->frame_delay_us_, this->long_rx_buffer_delay_us_ + this->rx_detect_latency_us_)
+          : this->frame_delay_us_;
 
   return this->last_receive_check_ - this->last_modbus_byte_ > timeout;
 }
 
+// We use micros() here and elsewhere instead of App.get_loop_component_start_time() to avoid stale timestamps
+// It's critical in all timestamp comparisons that the left timestamp comes before the right one in time
+// If we use a cached value in place of micros() and last_modbus_byte_ is updated inside our loop
+// then the comparison is backwards (small negative which wraps to large positive) and will cause a false timeout
+// So in this component we don't use any cached timestamp values to avoid these annoying bugs.
+// Compare before subtracting: a signed difference would read a bus idle past half the micros() wrap
+// (~35 min) as a huge delay still owed.
+static inline uint32_t remaining_delay(uint32_t elapsed, uint32_t required) {
+  return elapsed >= required ? 0 : required - elapsed;
+}
+
 int32_t Modbus::tx_delay_remaining() {
-  // We use millis() here and elsewhere instead of App.get_loop_component_start_time() to avoid stale timestamps
-  // It's critical in all timestamp comparisons that the left timestamp comes before the right one in time
-  // If we use a cached value in place of millis() and last_modbus_byte_ is updated inside our loop
-  // then the comparison is backwards (small negative which wraps to large positive) and will cause a false timeout
-  // So in this component we don't use any cached timestamp values to avoid these annoying bugs
-  const uint32_t now = millis();
-  return std::max({(int32_t) 0,
-                   (int32_t) (this->last_send_tx_offset_ + this->frame_delay_ms_ - (now - this->last_send_)),
-                   (int32_t) (this->frame_delay_ms_ - (now - this->last_modbus_byte_))});
+  const uint32_t now = micros();
+  return (int32_t) std::max(remaining_delay(now - this->last_send_, this->last_send_tx_offset_ + this->frame_delay_us_),
+                            remaining_delay(now - this->last_modbus_byte_, this->frame_delay_us_));
 }
 
 int32_t ModbusClientHub::tx_delay_remaining() {
-  const uint32_t now = millis();
-  return std::max({(int32_t) 0,
-                   (int32_t) (this->last_send_tx_offset_ + this->frame_delay_ms_ + this->turnaround_delay_ms_ -
-                              (now - this->last_send_)),
-                   (int32_t) (this->frame_delay_ms_ + this->turnaround_delay_ms_ - (now - this->last_modbus_byte_))});
+  const uint32_t now = micros();
+  return (int32_t) std::max(
+      remaining_delay(now - this->last_send_,
+                      this->last_send_tx_offset_ + this->frame_delay_us_ + this->turnaround_delay_us_),
+      remaining_delay(now - this->last_modbus_byte_, this->frame_delay_us_ + this->turnaround_delay_us_));
 }
 
 bool Modbus::tx_blocked() {
-  // We block transmission in any of these cases:
-  // 1. There are bytes in the UART Rx buffer
-  // 2. There are bytes in our Rx buffer
-  // 3. The last sent byte isn't more than tx_delay ms ago (i.e. wait to tell receivers that our previous Tx is done)
-  // 4. The last received byte isn't more than tx_delay ms ago (i.e. wait to be sure there isn't more Rx coming)
-  // N.B. We allow a small delay (MODBUS_TX_MAX_DELAY_MS) to avoid looping on small delays. This gets handled by
-  // send_frame_.
-  return this->available() || !this->rx_buffer_.empty() || this->tx_delay_remaining() > MODBUS_TX_MAX_DELAY_MS;
+  // Blocked while any rx bytes are pending, or within tx_delay of the last byte in either direction
+  // (receivers must see our previous tx as done, and more rx may be coming). A remaining delay up to
+  // MODBUS_TX_MAX_DELAY_US doesn't block - send_frame_ absorbs it instead of looping on small waits.
+  return this->available() || !this->rx_buffer_.empty() || this->tx_delay_remaining() > MODBUS_TX_MAX_DELAY_US;
 }
 
-bool ModbusClientHub::tx_blocked() {
-  // We block transmission in any of these case:
-  // 1. We're waiting for a response (a waiting entry: WAITING/INTERRUPTED/WAITING_RETIRED/INTERRUPTED_RETIRED)
-  // 2. Any of the base class tx_blocked conditions
-  return this->waiting_for_response_ || this->Modbus::tx_blocked();
-}
+bool ModbusClientHub::tx_blocked() { return this->waiting_for_response_ || this->Modbus::tx_blocked(); }
 
 bool ModbusClientHub::tx_buffer_empty() {
   // "Empty" for ready_for_immediate_send(): no one-shot is queued ahead of the caller. Entries in
   // other states are mid-transaction or owed bookkeeping, not queued sends - and a READY continuous
   // poll does not count either, since it ranks below every one-shot, so a new send goes out first.
   for (const auto &cmd : this->tx_buffer_) {
-    if (cmd.state == FrameState::READY && !cmd.continuous)
+    if (cmd.state == FrameState::READY && !cmd.options.continuous)
       return false;
   }
   return true;
 }
 
 void Modbus::receive_bytes_() {
-  this->last_receive_check_ = millis();
+  this->last_receive_check_ = micros();
   size_t bytes = this->available();
 
   if (bytes) {
     size_t buffer_size = this->rx_buffer_.size();
-    this->last_modbus_byte_ = this->last_receive_check_;
+    // Below the threshold the batch can only be idle-delivered, so its last byte finished one detection
+    // latency ago; at or above it the frame may still be streaming, so stamp now.
+    this->last_modbus_byte_ = bytes < this->parent_->get_rx_full_threshold()
+                                  ? this->last_receive_check_ - this->rx_detect_latency_us_
+                                  : this->last_receive_check_;
     this->rx_buffer_.resize(buffer_size + bytes);
     if (!this->read_array(this->rx_buffer_.data() + buffer_size, bytes)) {
       this->rx_buffer_.resize(buffer_size);
       return;
     }
+    if (this->rx_buffer_.size() >= this->parent_->get_rx_full_threshold())
+      this->exceeded_rx_full_threshold_ = true;
     if (buffer_size == 0) {
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Received first byte %" PRIu8 " (0X%x) of %zu bytes %" PRIu32 "ms after last send",
-               this->rx_buffer_[0], this->rx_buffer_[0], this->rx_buffer_.size(), millis() - this->last_send_);
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Received first byte %" PRIu8 " (0X%x) of %zu bytes %" PRIu32 "us after last send",
+               this->rx_buffer_[0], this->rx_buffer_[0], this->rx_buffer_.size(), micros() - this->last_send_);
     }
   }
 }
@@ -183,6 +206,10 @@ void ModbusServerHub::parse_modbus_frames() {
     size_t size = this->rx_buffer_.size();
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Parsing frames buffer size = %" PRIu32, size);
     bool retry_as_client = false;
+    // A broadcast is a client request, never a peer response; clear any stale expectation (RTU is half-duplex).
+    const bool is_broadcast = this->rx_buffer_[0] == BROADCAST_ADDRESS;
+    if (is_broadcast)
+      this->expecting_peer_response_ = 0;
     if (this->expecting_peer_response_ != 0) {
       if (!this->parse_modbus_server_frame_()) {
         ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Stop expecting peer response from %" PRIu8 " due to parse failure, and retry parse",
@@ -209,14 +236,24 @@ void ModbusServerHub::parse_modbus_frames() {
     this->clear_rx_buffer_(LOG_STR("timeout after partial response"), true);
 }
 
-uint16_t Modbus::find_custom_frame_end_(uint16_t min_length) const {
-  // Custom functions could be any length - we have to rely on the CRC to determine completeness.
-  // If a CRC match is never found, the buffer will eventually overflow and be cleared.
+// Scans forward from min_length to find a frame boundary by CRC match for unknown-length function codes.
+// Returns the matched frame length, or 0 if no valid CRC was found within MAX_FRAME_SIZE.
+uint16_t Modbus::find_frame_end_by_crc_(uint16_t min_length) const {
   const uint8_t *raw = &this->rx_buffer_[0];
   const size_t size = this->rx_buffer_.size();
-  for (uint16_t len = min_length; len <= std::min(size, size_t(MAX_FRAME_SIZE)); len++) {
-    if (crc16(raw, len) == 0)
-      return len;
+  const auto max_len = static_cast<uint16_t>(std::min(size, size_t(MAX_FRAME_SIZE)));
+  if (min_length > max_len)
+    return 0;
+  // The Modbus CRC (poly 0xa001, refin/refout false) keeps its running state in the returned value,
+  // so we seed once over the first min_length bytes and extend one byte at a time instead of
+  // recomputing the whole prefix for every candidate length.
+  uint16_t crc = crc16(raw, min_length);
+  if (crc == 0)
+    return min_length;
+  for (uint16_t len = min_length; len < max_len; len++) {
+    crc = crc16(&raw[len], 1, crc);
+    if (crc == 0)
+      return len + 1;
   }
   return 0;
 }
@@ -231,11 +268,11 @@ bool Modbus::parse_modbus_server_frame_() {
   uint8_t address = this->rx_buffer_[0];
   uint8_t function_code = this->rx_buffer_[1];
 
-  if (helpers::is_function_code_custom(function_code)) {
-    frame_length = this->find_custom_frame_end_(frame_length);
+  if (helpers::is_function_code_unknown_length(function_code)) {
+    frame_length = this->find_frame_end_by_crc_(frame_length);
     if (frame_length == 0)
       return size < MAX_FRAME_SIZE;  // Continue to parse until we hit max size
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "User-defined function %02X found", function_code);
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Unknown-length function %02X found", function_code);
   } else {
     if (crc16(&this->rx_buffer_[0], frame_length) != 0)
       return false;
@@ -262,11 +299,11 @@ bool ModbusServerHub::parse_modbus_client_frame_() {
   uint8_t address = this->rx_buffer_[0];
   uint8_t function_code = this->rx_buffer_[1];
 
-  if (helpers::is_function_code_custom(function_code)) {
-    frame_length = this->find_custom_frame_end_(frame_length);
+  if (helpers::is_function_code_unknown_length(function_code)) {
+    frame_length = this->find_frame_end_by_crc_(frame_length);
     if (frame_length == 0)
       return size < MAX_FRAME_SIZE;  // Continue to parse until we hit max size
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "User-defined function %02X found", function_code);
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Unknown-length function %02X found", function_code);
   } else {
     if (crc16(&this->rx_buffer_[0], frame_length) != 0)
       return false;
@@ -277,11 +314,17 @@ bool ModbusServerHub::parse_modbus_client_frame_() {
   // This requires copying the frame data to a local buffer beforehand.
   uint8_t data_offset = helpers::client_frame_data_offset(this->rx_buffer_.data(), this->rx_buffer_.size());
   uint16_t data_len = frame_length - 2 - data_offset;
-  uint8_t data[MAX_FRAME_SIZE] = {};
-  std::memcpy(data, this->rx_buffer_.data() + data_offset, data_len);
+  uint8_t data_buffer[MAX_FRAME_SIZE] = {};
+  std::memcpy(data_buffer, this->rx_buffer_.data() + data_offset, data_len);
+  std::span<const uint8_t> data(data_buffer, data_len);
   this->clear_rx_buffer_(LOG_STR("parse succeeded"), false, frame_length);
 
-  this->process_modbus_client_frame_(address, function_code, data);
+  if (address == BROADCAST_ADDRESS) {
+    // Keep the unicast response buffers out of the broadcast call chain.
+    this->process_broadcast_frame_(function_code, data);
+  } else {
+    this->process_modbus_client_frame_(address, function_code, data);
+  }
 
   return true;
 }
@@ -293,8 +336,8 @@ void ModbusClientHub::process_modbus_server_frame(uint8_t address, std::span<con
   ModbusDeviceCommand *cmd = this->waiting_for_response_ ? this->find_waiting_() : nullptr;
   if (cmd == nullptr) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG,
-             "Received unexpected frame from address %" PRIu8 ", function code 0x%X, %" PRIu32 "ms after last send",
-             address, function_code, this->last_modbus_byte_ - this->last_send_);
+             "Received unexpected frame from address %" PRIu8 ", function code 0x%X, %" PRIu32 "us after last send",
+             address, function_code, us_since_send(this->last_modbus_byte_, this->last_send_));
     return;
   }
 
@@ -304,9 +347,9 @@ void ModbusClientHub::process_modbus_server_frame(uint8_t address, std::span<con
   if (expected_address != address || expected_function_code != (function_code & FUNCTION_CODE_MASK)) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG,
              "Received incorrect frame address %" PRIu8 " <> %" PRIu8 " or function code 0x%X <> 0x%X, %" PRIu32
-             "ms after last send",
+             "us after last send",
              address, expected_address, (function_code & FUNCTION_CODE_MASK), expected_function_code,
-             this->last_modbus_byte_ - this->last_send_);
+             us_since_send(this->last_modbus_byte_, this->last_send_));
     // Unexpected frame: flip a WAITING entry to an INTERRUPTED shell that ignores the rest of this
     // transaction and blocks tx until the send-wait timeout, where it gets its on_no_response.
     cmd->interrupt();
@@ -319,8 +362,8 @@ void ModbusClientHub::process_modbus_server_frame(uint8_t address, std::span<con
     // cleared-interrupted frame still ends in on_no_response rather than delivering a late response.
     ESP_LOGW(TAG,
              "Ignoring response from %" PRIu8 " - transmission interrupted by previous unexpected response, %" PRIu32
-             "ms after last send",
-             address, this->last_modbus_byte_ - this->last_send_);
+             "us after last send",
+             address, us_since_send(this->last_modbus_byte_, this->last_send_));
     return;
   }
 
@@ -331,12 +374,12 @@ void ModbusClientHub::process_modbus_server_frame(uint8_t address, std::span<con
   this->sweep_needed_ = true;
   if (helpers::is_function_code_exception(function_code)) {
     uint8_t exception = pdu[1];  // exception frames are fixed-length, so the code is always present
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Error function code: 0x%X exception: %" PRIu8 ", address: %" PRIu8 ", %" PRIu32 "ms after last send",
-             function_code, exception, address, this->last_modbus_byte_ - this->last_send_);
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Error function code: 0x%X exception: %" PRIu8 ", address: %" PRIu8 ", %" PRIu32 "us after last send",
+             function_code, exception, address, us_since_send(this->last_modbus_byte_, this->last_send_));
     cmd->error(static_cast<ExceptionCode>(exception));
   } else if (!cmd->response(pdu)) {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Ignoring response from %" PRIu8 " - no callback device set, %" PRIu32 "ms after last send", address,
-             this->last_modbus_byte_ - this->last_send_);
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Ignoring response from %" PRIu8 " - no callback device set, %" PRIu32 "us after last send", address,
+             us_since_send(this->last_modbus_byte_, this->last_send_));
   }
 }
 
@@ -365,18 +408,204 @@ ModbusServerDevice *ModbusServerHub::find_device_(uint8_t address) {
   return nullptr;
 }
 
-bool ModbusServerHub::check_register_range_(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, uint16_t start_address,
-                                            uint16_t number_of_registers) {
-  if ((uint32_t) start_address + number_of_registers > 0x10000u) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Register address out of range - start: %" PRIu16 " num: %" PRIu16, start_address,
-             number_of_registers);
-    this->send_exception_(address, function_code, ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS);
+ResponseStatus ModbusServerHub::check_address_range_(uint16_t start_address, uint16_t count) {
+  if (!helpers::address_range_fits(start_address, count)) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Address out of range - start: %" PRIu16 " num: %" PRIu16, start_address, count);
+    return ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS;
+  }
+  return std::nullopt;
+}
+
+// Write PDU layout after the function code: start address(2) [+ quantity(2) + byte count(1)] + register values.
+// The value subspans taken at these offsets stay in range because client_pdu_length() clamps the byte count to the
+// same maximum the callers' number_of_registers * 2 == number_of_bytes guard enforces.
+static constexpr size_t WRITE_SINGLE_VALUES_OFFSET = 2;
+static constexpr size_t WRITE_MULTIPLE_VALUES_OFFSET = 5;
+// FC 0x17 writes follow read start(2) + read quantity(2) + write start(2) + write quantity(2) + byte count(1).
+static constexpr size_t READ_WRITE_VALUES_OFFSET = 9;
+// A coil write (FC 0x0F) is function(1) + start(2) + quantity(2) + byte count(1) + packed bits. The largest
+// one (MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_WRITE coils) must fit the received request PDU, so the value subspan taken at
+// WRITE_MULTIPLE_VALUES_OFFSET can never run past it.
+static_assert(1 + WRITE_MULTIPLE_VALUES_OFFSET + packed_bit_bytes(MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_WRITE) <= MAX_PDU_SIZE,
+              "the largest FC 0x0F coil write must fit within MAX_PDU_SIZE");
+
+ResponseStatus ModbusServerHub::parse_write_single_(std::span<const uint8_t> data, uint16_t &start_address,
+                                                    RegisterValues &registers) {
+  start_address = helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data.data(), 0);
+  // No range check needed: one register can never push start_address + 1 past the address space.
+  this->assemble_registers_(data.subspan(WRITE_SINGLE_VALUES_OFFSET, sizeof(uint16_t)), registers);
+  return std::nullopt;
+}
+
+ResponseStatus ModbusServerHub::parse_write_multiple_(std::span<const uint8_t> data, uint16_t &start_address,
+                                                      RegisterValues &registers) {
+  start_address = helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data.data(), 0);
+  uint16_t number_of_registers = helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data.data(), 2);
+  uint8_t number_of_bytes = helpers::get_data<uint8_t>(data.data(), 4);
+  if (number_of_registers == 0 || number_of_registers > MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE ||
+      number_of_registers * 2 != number_of_bytes) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid number of registers %" PRIu16 " or bytes %" PRIu8, number_of_registers, number_of_bytes);
+    return ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE;
+  }
+  if (ResponseStatus status = this->check_address_range_(start_address, number_of_registers); status.has_value()) {
+    return status;
+  }
+  this->assemble_registers_(data.subspan(WRITE_MULTIPLE_VALUES_OFFSET, number_of_bytes), registers);
+  return std::nullopt;
+}
+
+ResponseStatus ModbusServerHub::parse_read_request_(std::span<const uint8_t> data, uint16_t max_entities,
+                                                    const LogString *entity_name, uint16_t &start_address,
+                                                    uint16_t &count) {
+  // Every read request is start address(2) + quantity(2); only the protocol ceiling differs per function
+  // code, so registers and coils/discrete inputs validate through here and cannot drift apart.
+  start_address = helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data.data(), 0);
+  count = helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data.data(), 2);
+  if (count == 0 || count > max_entities) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid number of %s %" PRIu16, LOG_STR_ARG(entity_name), count);
+    return ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE;
+  }
+  return this->check_address_range_(start_address, count);
+}
+
+ResponseStatus ModbusServerHub::parse_write_single_coil_(std::span<const uint8_t> data, uint16_t &start_address,
+                                                         bool &value) {
+  start_address = helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data.data(), 0);
+  const uint16_t raw_value = helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data.data(), WRITE_SINGLE_VALUES_OFFSET);
+  if (raw_value != 0xFF00 && raw_value != 0x0000) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid coil value 0x%04X", raw_value);
+    return ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE;
+  }
+  // No range check needed: one coil can never push start_address + 1 past the address space.
+  value = raw_value == 0xFF00;
+  return std::nullopt;
+}
+
+ResponseStatus ModbusServerHub::parse_write_multiple_coils_(std::span<const uint8_t> data, uint16_t &start_address,
+                                                            uint16_t &count, std::span<const uint8_t> &packed_bytes) {
+  start_address = helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data.data(), 0);
+  const uint16_t number_of_bits = helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data.data(), 2);
+  const uint8_t number_of_bytes = helpers::get_data<uint8_t>(data.data(), 4);
+  if (number_of_bits == 0 || number_of_bits > MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_WRITE ||
+      packed_bit_bytes(number_of_bits) != number_of_bytes) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid number of coils %" PRIu16 " or bytes %" PRIu8, number_of_bits, number_of_bytes);
+    return ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE;
+  }
+  if (ResponseStatus status = this->check_address_range_(start_address, number_of_bits); status.has_value()) {
+    return status;
+  }
+  count = number_of_bits;
+  // coil values follow start(2) + quantity(2) + byte count(1)
+  packed_bytes = data.subspan(WRITE_MULTIPLE_VALUES_OFFSET, number_of_bytes);
+  return std::nullopt;
+}
+
+void ModbusServerHub::assemble_registers_(std::span<const uint8_t> values, RegisterValues &registers) {
+  for (size_t offset = 0; offset + 1 < values.size(); offset += 2) {
+    registers.push_back(helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(values.data(), offset));
+  }
+}
+
+void ModbusServerHub::process_broadcast_frame_(uint8_t function_code, std::span<const uint8_t> data) {
+  // Broadcasts are only meaningful for writes and are never answered (Modbus 4.1 / 6.12), so an unsupported
+  // function code or a validation failure is silently dropped instead of replying with an exception. Both
+  // register writes (FC 0x06/0x10) and coil writes (FC 0x05/0x0F) are broadcastable by spec, and each shares
+  // its parser with the addressed path so a broadcast is validated exactly as the unicast form would be.
+  uint16_t start_address;
+  RegisterValues registers;
+  uint16_t coil_count = 0;
+  std::span<const uint8_t> packed_bytes;
+  uint8_t single_bit = 0;  // backs packed_bytes for a single-coil write, so it must outlive the loop below
+  bool coils = false;
+  ResponseStatus status;
+  switch (static_cast<FunctionCode>(function_code)) {
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER:
+      status = this->parse_write_single_(data, start_address, registers);
+      break;
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS:
+      status = this->parse_write_multiple_(data, start_address, registers);
+      break;
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL: {
+      coils = true;
+      bool value = false;
+      status = this->parse_write_single_coil_(data, start_address, value);
+      single_bit = value ? 0x01 : 0x00;
+      coil_count = 1;
+      packed_bytes = std::span<const uint8_t>(&single_bit, 1);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS:
+      coils = true;
+      status = this->parse_write_multiple_coils_(data, start_address, coil_count, packed_bytes);
+      break;
+    default:
+      // Reads and read/write require a reply, so they are not valid as broadcasts.
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Ignoring broadcast with unsupported function code %" PRIu8, function_code);
+      return;
+  }
+  if (status.has_value()) {
+    return;
+  }
+  // A broadcast is never answered, so a rejecting device has no other feedback channel: report the
+  // per-device outcome at V.
+  for (auto *device : this->devices_) {
+    // Same handlers as an addressed write - a device cannot tell a broadcast apart, and does not need
+    // to: the hub owns the difference, which is only that no reply is ever sent.
+    const ResponseStatus device_status =
+        coils ? device->on_write_coils(start_address, PackedBits(packed_bytes, coil_count))
+              : device->on_write_registers(start_address, registers);
+    if (device_status.has_value()) {
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Device %" PRIu8 " rejected broadcast write with exception %" PRIu8, device->get_address(),
+               static_cast<uint8_t>(device_status.value()));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+bool ModbusServerHub::build_or_reject_read_response_(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, ResponseStatus status,
+                                                     uint16_t number_of_registers, const RegisterValues &registers,
+                                                     std::span<uint8_t> response_buffer, uint16_t &response_len) {
+  // A handler that returns an exception leaves registers partially filled, so check the exception
+  // first and forward it before validating the register count on the success path.
+  if (this->rejected_(address, function_code, status)) {
     return false;
   }
+
+  if (registers.size() != number_of_registers) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Incorrect response %" PRIu16 " requested, %zu returned", number_of_registers, registers.size());
+    this->send_exception_(address, function_code, ExceptionCode::SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // The byte count is a single byte, so the count must stay within the protocol read limit; above it the
+  // static_cast<uint8_t>(number_of_registers * 2) below would silently truncate the byte count.
+  if (number_of_registers > MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Read response of %" PRIu16 " registers exceeds the limit of %" PRIu16, number_of_registers,
+             MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ);
+    this->send_exception_(address, function_code, ExceptionCode::SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Byte count(1) + two bytes per register. Checked here rather than at the call sites so the bound travels with
+  // the write itself: a future caller starting at a non-zero response_len, or passing a smaller buffer, is
+  // rejected instead of overrunning it before send_response_'s size guard can fire.
+  const size_t required = static_cast<size_t>(response_len) + 1 + static_cast<size_t>(number_of_registers) * 2;
+  if (required > response_buffer.size()) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Read response needs %zu bytes but only %zu are available", required, response_buffer.size());
+    this->send_exception_(address, function_code, ExceptionCode::SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  response_buffer[response_len++] = static_cast<uint8_t>(number_of_registers * 2);  // actual byte count
+  for (auto r : registers) {
+    auto register_bytes = decode_value(r);
+    response_buffer[response_len++] = register_bytes[0];
+    response_buffer[response_len++] = register_bytes[1];
+  }
   return true;
 }
 
-void ModbusServerHub::process_modbus_client_frame_(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, const uint8_t *data) {
+void ModbusServerHub::process_modbus_client_frame_(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code,
+                                                   std::span<const uint8_t> data) {
   ModbusServerDevice *device = this->find_device_(address);
   if (device == nullptr) {
     this->expecting_peer_response_ = address;
@@ -392,15 +621,11 @@ void ModbusServerHub::process_modbus_client_frame_(uint8_t address, uint8_t func
   switch (static_cast<FunctionCode>(function_code)) {
     case FunctionCode::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS:
     case FunctionCode::READ_INPUT_REGISTERS: {
-      // PDU data: start address(2) + quantity(2).
-      uint16_t start_address = helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data, 0);
-      uint16_t number_of_registers = helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data, 2);
-      if (number_of_registers == 0 || number_of_registers > MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ) {
-        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid number of registers %" PRIu16, number_of_registers);
-        this->send_exception_(address, function_code, ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE);
-        return;
-      }
-      if (!this->check_register_range_(address, function_code, start_address, number_of_registers)) {
+      uint16_t start_address;
+      uint16_t number_of_registers;
+      status = this->parse_read_request_(data, MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ, LOG_STR("registers"), start_address,
+                                         number_of_registers);
+      if (this->rejected_(address, function_code, status)) {
         return;
       }
       RegisterValues registers;
@@ -410,69 +635,139 @@ void ModbusServerHub::process_modbus_client_frame_(uint8_t address, uint8_t func
         status = device->on_read_input_registers(start_address, number_of_registers, registers);
       }
 
-      // A handler that returns an exception leaves registers partially filled, so check the exception
-      // first and forward it before validating the register count on the success path.
-      if (status.has_value()) {
-        this->send_exception_(address, function_code, status.value());
+      if (!this->build_or_reject_read_response_(address, function_code, status, number_of_registers, registers,
+                                                response_buffer, response_len)) {
         return;
       }
-
-      if (registers.size() != number_of_registers) {
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Incorrect response %" PRIu16 " requested, %zu returned", number_of_registers, registers.size());
-        this->send_exception_(address, function_code, ExceptionCode::SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE);
-        return;
-      }
-
-      response_buffer[response_len++] = static_cast<uint8_t>(number_of_registers * 2);  // actual byte count
-      for (auto r : registers) {
-        auto register_bytes = decode_value(r);
-        response_buffer[response_len++] = register_bytes[0];
-        response_buffer[response_len++] = register_bytes[1];
-      }
       break;
     }
     case FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER:
     case FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS: {
-      // PDU data: start address(2) [+ quantity(2) + byte count(1)] + register values.
-      // A single-register write always targets one register; for a multiple-register write the
-      // quantity is in the frame and its byte count must equal quantity * 2. The register values are
-      // assembled into registers below so the handler doesn't have to know the request framing.
-      uint16_t start_address = helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data, 0);
-      uint16_t number_of_registers = 1;
-      uint16_t values_offset = 2;  // single write: values follow the 2-byte start address
-      if (static_cast<FunctionCode>(function_code) == FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS) {
-        number_of_registers = helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data, 2);
-        uint8_t number_of_bytes = helpers::get_data<uint8_t>(data, 4);
-        values_offset = 5;  // multiple write: values follow start address(2) + quantity(2) + byte count(1)
-        if (number_of_registers == 0 || number_of_registers > MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE ||
-            number_of_registers * 2 != number_of_bytes) {
-          ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid number of registers %" PRIu16 " or bytes %" PRIu8, number_of_registers,
-                   number_of_bytes);
-          this->send_exception_(address, function_code, ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE);
-          return;
-        }
-        if (!this->check_register_range_(address, function_code, start_address, number_of_registers)) {
-          return;
-        }
-      }
-      // Assemble the register values (host byte order) so the handler never sees wire framing.
+      // Parse and validate the write PDU into host-order register values; reply with an exception on failure.
+      uint16_t start_address;
       RegisterValues registers;
-      for (uint16_t i = 0; i < number_of_registers; i++) {
-        registers.push_back(helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data, values_offset + i * 2));
+      if (static_cast<FunctionCode>(function_code) == FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER) {
+        status = this->parse_write_single_(data, start_address, registers);
+      } else {
+        status = this->parse_write_multiple_(data, start_address, registers);
+      }
+      if (this->rejected_(address, function_code, status)) {
+        return;
       }
       status = device->on_write_registers(start_address, registers);
-      response_data = data;  // echo the request header per Modbus 6.6, 6.12
+      response_data = data.data();  // echo the request header per Modbus 6.6, 6.12
       response_len = 4;
       break;
     }
+    case FunctionCode::READ_COILS:
+    case FunctionCode::READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS: {
+      uint16_t start_address;
+      uint16_t number_of_bits;
+      status =
+          this->parse_read_request_(data, MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_READ, LOG_STR("bits"), start_address, number_of_bits);
+      if (this->rejected_(address, function_code, status)) {
+        return;
+      }
+      // Response: byte count(1) + packed bytes, written straight into the pre-zeroed response buffer. It
+      // always fits: the parse above caps the count, and a static_assert bounds that against MAX_RAW_SIZE.
+      const uint8_t byte_count = static_cast<uint8_t>(packed_bit_bytes(number_of_bits));
+      response_buffer[response_len++] = byte_count;
+      // Take the packed-bytes span off a span that knows response_buffer's real size, so a future non-zero
+      // response_len (e.g. a prefix written before the packed data) is a bounds error, not a silent overrun.
+      std::span<uint8_t> packed_out = std::span<uint8_t>(response_buffer).subspan(response_len, byte_count);
+      std::fill(packed_out.begin(), packed_out.end(), 0);
+      MutablePackedBits bits(packed_out, number_of_bits);
+      if (static_cast<FunctionCode>(function_code) == FunctionCode::READ_COILS) {
+        status = device->on_read_coils(start_address, bits);
+      } else {
+        status = device->on_read_discrete_inputs(start_address, bits);
+      }
+      if (this->rejected_(address, function_code, status)) {
+        return;
+      }
+      response_len += byte_count;
+      break;
+    }
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL: {
+      // A single coil is handed to the device as a one-bit packed view, the same form a multiple-coil
+      // write takes, so a device only ever implements one coil write handler.
+      uint16_t start_address;
+      bool value = false;
+      status = this->parse_write_single_coil_(data, start_address, value);
+      if (this->rejected_(address, function_code, status)) {
+        return;
+      }
+      const uint8_t single_bit = value ? 0x01 : 0x00;
+      status = device->on_write_coils(start_address, PackedBits(std::span<const uint8_t>(&single_bit, 1), 1));
+      response_data = data.data();  // echo the request header per Modbus 6.5, 6.11
+      response_len = 4;
+      break;
+    }
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS: {
+      // Parse and validate the coil write PDU into a packed-bit view; reply with an exception on failure.
+      uint16_t start_address;
+      uint16_t count;
+      std::span<const uint8_t> packed_bytes;
+      status = this->parse_write_multiple_coils_(data, start_address, count, packed_bytes);
+      if (this->rejected_(address, function_code, status)) {
+        return;
+      }
+      status = device->on_write_coils(start_address, PackedBits(packed_bytes, count));
+      response_data = data.data();  // echo the request header per Modbus 6.5, 6.11
+      response_len = 4;
+      break;
+    }
+    case FunctionCode::READ_WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS: {
+      // PDU data: read start address(2) + read quantity(2) + write start address(2) + write quantity(2) +
+      // write byte count(1) + write register values. Per Modbus 6.17 the write is performed before the read.
+      uint16_t read_start_address = helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data.data(), 0);
+      uint16_t number_of_registers = helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data.data(), 2);
+      uint16_t write_start_address = helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data.data(), 4);
+      uint16_t number_of_write_registers = helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data.data(), 6);
+      uint8_t number_of_bytes = helpers::get_data<uint8_t>(data.data(), 8);
+      if (number_of_registers == 0 || number_of_registers > MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ ||
+          number_of_write_registers == 0 || number_of_write_registers > MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE_RW ||
+          number_of_write_registers * 2 != number_of_bytes) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid number of registers (read %" PRIu16 ", write %" PRIu16 ") or bytes %" PRIu8,
+                 number_of_registers, number_of_write_registers, number_of_bytes);
+        this->send_exception_(address, function_code, ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE);
+        return;
+      }
+      status = this->check_address_range_(read_start_address, number_of_registers);
+      if (!status.has_value()) {
+        status = this->check_address_range_(write_start_address, number_of_write_registers);
+      }
+      if (this->rejected_(address, function_code, status)) {
+        return;
+      }
+      // Perform the write first (Modbus 6.17). Scoped so the write values are off the stack before the read
+      // values are allocated, keeping only one RegisterValues buffer live at a time.
+      {
+        RegisterValues write_registers;
+        this->assemble_registers_(data.subspan(READ_WRITE_VALUES_OFFSET, number_of_bytes), write_registers);
+        // Dispatch to the standalone write and read handlers so any device implementing those supports 0x17
+        // without a dedicated handler; a device that maps registers by address reconstructs the read response
+        // from the values it just stored.
+        status = device->on_write_registers(write_start_address, write_registers);
+      }
+      if (this->rejected_(address, function_code, status)) {
+        return;
+      }
+      RegisterValues registers;
+      status = device->on_read_holding_registers(read_start_address, number_of_registers, registers);
+
+      if (!this->build_or_reject_read_response_(address, function_code, status, number_of_registers, registers,
+                                                response_buffer, response_len)) {
+        return;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
     default:
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unsupported function code %" PRIu8, function_code);
       this->send_exception_(address, function_code, ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_FUNCTION);
       return;
   }
-  if (status.has_value()) {
-    this->send_exception_(address, function_code, status.value());
-  } else {
+  if (!this->rejected_(address, function_code, status)) {
     this->send_response_(address, function_code, response_data, response_len);
   }
 }
@@ -480,13 +775,18 @@ void ModbusServerHub::process_modbus_client_frame_(uint8_t address, uint8_t func
 // Callers gate on tx_blocked() first, but the pre-send delay below can span several ms, so re-check
 // after it and refuse (return false) if a byte arrived in that window rather than transmit over it.
 bool Modbus::send_frame_(const ModbusFrame &frame) {
-  const int32_t tx_delay_remaining = this->tx_delay_remaining();
+  int32_t tx_delay_remaining = this->tx_delay_remaining();
   if (tx_delay_remaining > 0) {
-    delay(tx_delay_remaining);
+    // Yield the whole-ms part: delay() never blocks past the request on FreeRTOS, and only slightly
+    // over elsewhere, which just lengthens the gap. The recompute below makes the remainder exact.
+    if (tx_delay_remaining >= (int32_t) US_PER_MS) {
+      delay(tx_delay_remaining / US_PER_MS);
+      tx_delay_remaining = this->tx_delay_remaining();
+    }
+    if (tx_delay_remaining > 0)
+      delayMicroseconds(tx_delay_remaining);
   }
 
-  // The delay above can span several ms; a byte arriving in that window blocks transmission after the
-  // caller's gate already passed. Don't collide with the incoming frame - leave the entry to retry.
   if (this->tx_blocked()) {
     return false;
   }
@@ -499,14 +799,15 @@ bool Modbus::send_frame_(const ModbusFrame &frame) {
     this->last_send_tx_offset_ = 0;
   } else {
     this->write_array(frame.data.data(), frame.size());
-    this->last_send_tx_offset_ = frame.size() * MODBUS_BITS_PER_CHAR * MS_PER_SEC / this->parent_->get_baud_rate() + 1;
+    this->last_send_tx_offset_ =
+        frame.size() * this->bits_per_char_ * US_PER_SEC / std::max<uint32_t>(1u, this->parent_->get_baud_rate()) + 1;
   }
 
-  uint32_t now = millis();
+  uint32_t now = micros();
 #if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
   char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(MODBUS_MAX_LOG_BYTES)];
 #endif
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Write: %s %" PRIu32 "ms after last send, %" PRIu32 "ms after last receive",
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Write: %s %" PRIu32 "us after last send, %" PRIu32 "us after last receive",
            format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, frame.data.data(), frame.size()), now - this->last_send_,
            now - this->last_modbus_byte_);
   this->last_send_ = now;
@@ -514,6 +815,9 @@ bool Modbus::send_frame_(const ModbusFrame &frame) {
 }
 
 void ModbusClientHub::send_next_frame_() {
+  if (this->tx_buffer_.empty())
+    return;
+
   if (this->tx_blocked())
     return;
 
@@ -528,26 +832,41 @@ void ModbusClientHub::send_next_frame_() {
   }
 
   cmd->sent();
+  if (cmd->frame.address() == BROADCAST_ADDRESS) {
+    // A broadcast (address 0) is never answered (Modbus 4.1), so it is fire-and-forget: on_sent above
+    // reports the transmission, and the entry then retires with no terminal callback instead of
+    // occupying the waiting slot until the send-wait timeout expires. The turnaround delay already
+    // spaces the next frame; the following sweep erases the entry.
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Broadcast to address 0 sent; no reply expected");
+    cmd->complete_broadcast();
+    this->sweep_needed_ = true;
+    return;
+  }
   this->waiting_for_response_ = true;
 }
 
 void ModbusClientHub::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "Modbus:\n"
-                "  Send Wait Time: %" PRIu16 " ms\n"
-                "  Turnaround Time: %" PRIu16 " ms\n"
-                "  Frame Delay: %" PRIu16 " ms\n"
-                "  Long Rx Buffer Delay: %" PRIu16 " ms",
-                this->send_wait_time_, this->turnaround_delay_ms_, this->frame_delay_ms_,
-                this->long_rx_buffer_delay_ms_);
+                "  Send Wait Time: %" PRIu32 " ms\n"
+                "  Turnaround Time: %" PRIu32 " ms\n"
+                "  Frame Delay: %" PRIu32 " us\n"
+                "  Long Rx Buffer Delay: %" PRIu32 " us\n"
+                "  Bits Per Character: %" PRIu8 "\n"
+                "  Rx Detect Latency: %" PRIu32 " us",
+                this->send_wait_time_us_ / US_PER_MS, this->turnaround_delay_us_ / US_PER_MS, this->frame_delay_us_,
+                this->long_rx_buffer_delay_us_, this->bits_per_char_, this->rx_detect_latency_us_);
   LOG_PIN("  Flow Control Pin: ", this->flow_control_pin_);
 }
 void ModbusServerHub::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "Modbus:\n"
-                "  Frame Delay: %" PRIu16 " ms\n"
-                "  Long Rx Buffer Delay: %" PRIu16 " ms",
-                this->frame_delay_ms_, this->long_rx_buffer_delay_ms_);
+                "  Frame Delay: %" PRIu32 " us\n"
+                "  Long Rx Buffer Delay: %" PRIu32 " us\n"
+                "  Bits Per Character: %" PRIu8 "\n"
+                "  Rx Detect Latency: %" PRIu32 " us",
+                this->frame_delay_us_, this->long_rx_buffer_delay_us_, this->bits_per_char_,
+                this->rx_detect_latency_us_);
   LOG_PIN("  Flow Control Pin: ", this->flow_control_pin_);
 }
 
@@ -571,6 +890,19 @@ void ModbusServerHub::send_response_(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, con
   this->send_raw_(raw_frame, payload_len + 2);
 }
 
+bool ModbusServerHub::rejected_(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, ResponseStatus status) {
+  if (!status.has_value())
+    return false;
+  // The one place a rejection becomes an exception reply, so the log carries the transaction context a
+  // device handler never has: which client-facing address and function code drew which exception. DEBUG
+  // rather than WARN because an exception reply is a normal protocol outcome and arrives per frame - a
+  // probing or broken client would otherwise flood the log. The parse helpers still WARN with specifics.
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Exception %" PRIu8 " replied to function 0x%02X for address %" PRIu8,
+           static_cast<uint8_t>(status.value()), function_code, address);
+  this->send_exception_(address, function_code, status.value());
+  return true;
+}
+
 void ModbusServerHub::send_exception_(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, ExceptionCode exception_code) {
   uint8_t raw_frame[3];
   raw_frame[0] = address;
@@ -625,7 +957,7 @@ bool ModbusDeviceCommand::notify_retired() {
 bool ModbusDeviceCommand::response(std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) {
   this->state = this->state == FrameState::WAITING_RETIRED ? FrameState::RETIRED : FrameState::RECEIVED_RESPONSE;
   // A continuous poll is never consumed by its own response; a one-shot consumes one request here.
-  if (!this->continuous)
+  if (!this->options.continuous)
     this->decrement_pending();
   if (this->device == nullptr)
     return false;
@@ -662,6 +994,8 @@ bool ModbusDeviceCommand::timed_out() {
   this->decrement_pending();            // resolve this request (WAITING-origin, so pending >= 1)
   if (this->device == nullptr)
     return false;  // resolved, no one to tell
+  // A cleared frame that timed out still honors a retry: the clear is address-scoped (any device may
+  // call it) while the retry is the owning device's call via on_no_response - the bus obeys the owner.
   if (this->device->on_no_response(this->frame.pdu()))
     this->increment_pending();  // granted retry = re-request (capped)
   return true;
@@ -721,8 +1055,8 @@ void ModbusClientHub::sweep_() {
 }
 
 // Raw send for client: pushes to tx queue. Everything except the CRC must be contained in payload.
-bool ModbusClientHub::send_pdu(uint8_t address, std::span<const uint8_t> pdu, ModbusClientDevice *device,
-                               CommandOptions options) {
+bool ModbusClientHub::queue_pdu(uint8_t address, std::span<const uint8_t> pdu, ModbusClientDevice *device,
+                                CommandOptions options) {
   // Requests refused here never enter the machine and get no callback - the false return is it.
   if (pdu.empty()) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Empty PDU refused for address %" PRIu8, address);
@@ -734,15 +1068,23 @@ bool ModbusClientHub::send_pdu(uint8_t address, std::span<const uint8_t> pdu, Mo
     return false;
   }
 
+  if (helpers::is_function_code_exception(pdu[0])) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Exception PDU refused for address %" PRIu8 ": function code 0x%X has the exception bit set", address,
+             pdu[0]);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (address == BROADCAST_ADDRESS && !helpers::is_function_code_broadcastable(pdu[0])) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Broadcast refused for function 0x%X: a broadcast (address 0) is never answered", pdu[0]);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Normalize the caller's options in place (the param is a by-value copy) so everything stored or
+  // merged below carries effective options, never the raw request.
   // continuous is ignored for every mutating code (re-writing a value forever is never intended).
-  const bool mutates = ModbusDeviceCommand::classify(pdu[0]) == CommandPriority::WRITE;
-  bool continuous = false;
-  if (options.continuous) {
-    if (mutates) {
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "continuous is ignored for a mutating function (0x%X, address %" PRIu8 ")", pdu[0], address);
-    } else {
-      continuous = true;
-    }
+  if (options.continuous && helpers::is_function_code_write(pdu[0])) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "continuous is ignored for a mutating function (0x%X, address %" PRIu8 ")", pdu[0], address);
+    options.continuous = false;
   }
 
   // A duplicate of a live entry with the same owner is not queued twice; it resolves against that
@@ -756,8 +1098,7 @@ bool ModbusClientHub::send_pdu(uint8_t address, std::span<const uint8_t> pdu, Mo
       continue;
     if (device == nullptr) {
       // A dropped read is routine (DEBUG); a dropped write/custom warns (unobservable without a device).
-      const bool requeueable = !helpers::is_function_code_exception(pdu[0]) && helpers::is_function_code_read(pdu[0]);
-      if (requeueable) {
+      if (helpers::is_function_code_read_only(pdu[0])) {
         ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Anonymous duplicate of active frame for %" PRIu8 " (function 0x%X), dropped", address, pdu[0]);
       } else {
         ESP_LOGW(TAG,
@@ -767,10 +1108,10 @@ bool ModbusClientHub::send_pdu(uint8_t address, std::span<const uint8_t> pdu, Mo
       }
       return false;  // dropped: no entry, no callbacks - the refusal is the return value
     }
-    if (continuous) {
+    if (options.continuous) {
       item.make_continuous(true);
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Frame already active for %" PRIu8 ", now polled continuously", address);
-    } else if (item.continuous) {
+    } else if (item.options.continuous) {
       // A one-shot duplicate downgrades the poll to a one-shot: it runs one more cycle to serve this
       // request, then stops (mirrors continuous incoming converting a one-shot the other way).
       item.make_continuous(false);
@@ -803,7 +1144,7 @@ bool ModbusClientHub::send_pdu(uint8_t address, std::span<const uint8_t> pdu, Mo
 #endif
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Adding frame to tx queue: %" PRIu8 ":%s", address,
            format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, pdu.data(), pdu.size()));
-  this->tx_buffer_.emplace_back(device, address, pdu, continuous, this->next_seq_++);
+  this->tx_buffer_.emplace_back(device, address, pdu, options, this->next_seq_++);
   return true;
 }
 
@@ -833,7 +1174,7 @@ void ModbusClientHub::send_raw(const std::vector<uint8_t> &payload, ModbusClient
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "send_raw() payload too short to contain a PDU, refused");
     return;
   }
-  this->send_pdu(payload[0], std::span<const uint8_t>(payload).subspan(1), device);
+  this->queue_pdu(payload[0], std::span<const uint8_t>(payload).subspan(1), device);
 }
 
 // Send raw command for server replies immediately. Except CRC everything must be contained in payload
@@ -854,18 +1195,21 @@ void ModbusServerHub::send_raw_(const uint8_t *payload, uint16_t len) {
     // without a heap allocation. Only one server reply is ever waiting, so a single buffer suffices.
     std::memcpy(this->deferred_payload_.data(), payload, len);
     this->deferred_payload_len_ = len;
-    this->set_timeout("deferred_send", this->tx_delay_remaining(), [this]() {
+    // set_timeout() takes milliseconds; round the microsecond delay up so we never fire early.
+    this->set_timeout("deferred_send", (this->tx_delay_remaining() + US_PER_MS - 1) / US_PER_MS, [this]() {
       ModbusFrame frame(this->deferred_payload_[0], this->deferred_payload_.data() + 1,
                         this->deferred_payload_len_ - 1);
-      if (!this->send_frame_(frame))
+      if (!this->send_frame_(frame)) {
         ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Deferred server reply dropped: transmission still blocked");
+      }
     });
     return;
   }
 
   ModbusFrame frame(payload[0], payload + 1, len - 1);
-  if (!this->send_frame_(frame))
+  if (!this->send_frame_(frame)) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Server reply dropped: a frame arrived during the send delay");
+  }
 }
 
 void Modbus::clear_rx_buffer_(const LogString *reason, bool warn, size_t bytes_to_clear) {
@@ -874,11 +1218,11 @@ void Modbus::clear_rx_buffer_(const LogString *reason, bool warn, size_t bytes_t
     bytes = bytes_to_clear;
   if (bytes > 0) {
     if (warn) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Clearing buffer of %zu bytes - %s %" PRIu32 "ms after last send", bytes, LOG_STR_ARG(reason),
-               millis() - this->last_send_);
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Clearing buffer of %zu bytes - %s %" PRIu32 "us after last send", bytes, LOG_STR_ARG(reason),
+               micros() - this->last_send_);
     } else {
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Clearing buffer of %zu bytes - %s %" PRIu32 "ms after last send", bytes, LOG_STR_ARG(reason),
-               millis() - this->last_send_);
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Clearing buffer of %zu bytes - %s %" PRIu32 "us after last send", bytes, LOG_STR_ARG(reason),
+               micros() - this->last_send_);
     }
     if (bytes == this->rx_buffer_.size()) {
       this->rx_buffer_.clear();
@@ -886,6 +1230,8 @@ void Modbus::clear_rx_buffer_(const LogString *reason, bool warn, size_t bytes_t
       this->rx_buffer_.erase(this->rx_buffer_.begin(), this->rx_buffer_.begin() + bytes);
     }
   }
+  if (this->rx_buffer_.empty())
+    this->exceeded_rx_full_threshold_ = false;
 }
 
 void ModbusClientDevice::dispatch_response_(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu,
@@ -915,7 +1261,7 @@ void ModbusClientDevice::dispatch_response_(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu
   //  - On failure (status engaged) the response is empty by design (see on_error()), so only the request
   //    is validated.
   bool custom = !helpers::is_client_pdu_standard(request_pdu.data(), request_pdu.size());
-  if (!custom && !status.has_value()) {
+  if (!custom && succeeded(status)) {
     custom = !helpers::is_server_pdu_standard(response_pdu.data(), response_pdu.size());
     if (!custom && helpers::is_function_code_read(static_cast<uint8_t>(function_code))) {
       const bool bits =
@@ -936,22 +1282,34 @@ void ModbusClientDevice::dispatch_response_(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu
 
   switch (function_code) {
     case FunctionCode::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS:
-    case FunctionCode::READ_INPUT_REGISTERS: {
+    case FunctionCode::READ_INPUT_REGISTERS:
+    // FC 0x17 lands here too: its read start address and read quantity sit at the same request offsets as a
+    // plain read's (bytes 1..2 and 3..4), so start_address and count_or_value already hold the read block; its
+    // response carries only that read data, and the write half is confirmed by the response arriving at all.
+    // An exception routes here as well (the gate only validates the request when status is set), delivering
+    // empty registers with the error in status - so a 0x17 subclass handles success and failure in the one
+    // on_read_holding_registers() callback and never needs to also override on_error().
+    case FunctionCode::READ_WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS: {
       // Decode the big-endian register words into host byte order. The gate guarantees a success response
       // carries exactly count_or_value registers (and count_or_value <= MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ, the
       // capacity of RegisterValues); a mismatch was diverted to on_custom_response(), never clamped. On
       // failure the registers span is empty.
       RegisterValues registers;
-      if (!status.has_value()) {
+      if (succeeded(status)) {
         for (size_t i = 0; i != count_or_value; i++) {
           registers.push_back(helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(response_pdu.data(), 2 + 2 * i));
         }
       }
       std::span<const uint16_t> register_span(registers.data(), registers.size());
-      if (function_code == FunctionCode::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS) {
+      if (function_code == FunctionCode::READ_INPUT_REGISTERS) {
+        this->on_read_input_registers(start_address, register_span, status);
+      } else if (function_code == FunctionCode::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS ||
+                 function_code == FunctionCode::READ_WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS) {
         this->on_read_holding_registers(start_address, register_span, status);
       } else {
-        this->on_read_input_registers(start_address, register_span, status);
+        // Unreachable for the current case labels; match explicitly so a function code added to this group
+        // later is diverted to on_custom_response() rather than silently delivered as a holding read.
+        this->on_custom_response(request_pdu, response_pdu, status);
       }
       break;
     }
@@ -962,7 +1320,7 @@ void ModbusClientDevice::dispatch_response_(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu
       // PackedBits::operator[] is unchecked, so size() must never promise bits with no bytes behind them.
       std::span<const uint8_t> packed_bytes;
       uint16_t count = 0;
-      if (!status.has_value()) {
+      if (succeeded(status)) {
         packed_bytes = response_pdu.subspan(2);
         count = count_or_value;
       }
@@ -979,7 +1337,7 @@ void ModbusClientDevice::dispatch_response_(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu
     // copy. On an exception the response has no value and the request copy is the only one.
     case FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER:
     case FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL: {
-      const uint16_t value = (!status.has_value() && response_pdu.size() >= WRITE_SINGLE_PDU_SIZE)
+      const uint16_t value = (succeeded(status) && response_pdu.size() >= WRITE_SINGLE_PDU_SIZE)
                                  ? helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(response_pdu.data(), 3)
                                  : count_or_value;
       if (function_code == FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER) {
@@ -1018,7 +1376,6 @@ void ModbusClientDevice::dispatch_response_(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu
   }
 }
 
-// Default on_custom_response handler to warn when responses unexpectedly trigger on_custom_response
 void ModbusClientDevice::on_custom_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu,
                                             ResponseStatus status) {
   // The dispatcher never calls this with an empty request, but this is a public virtual - stay safe.
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus/modbus.h b/esphome/components/modbus/modbus.h
index c73aa6878d..7d7818239d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus/modbus.h
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus/modbus.h
@@ -16,26 +16,21 @@
 
 namespace esphome::modbus {
 
-// Tx queue backstop. Duplicate frames dedup into one entry, so reads can never approach this in a
-// sane config - it exists to stop a runaway generator of distinct frames (e.g. a loop writing a
-// changing value) from growing the heap unboundedly. The deque grows on demand; this reserves nothing.
-// Worst case the cap permits: 128 distinct max-size frames = ~32 kB of spilled frame data plus
-// ~3 kB of deque node storage (typical 8-byte frames stay inline; large PDUs spill to one
-// allocation each) - pathological configs only, but the numbers matter when tuning for ESP8266.
+// Tx queue backstop: duplicates dedup into one entry, so only a runaway generator of distinct frames
+// (e.g. a loop writing a changing value) could grow the heap unboundedly.
 static constexpr uint16_t MODBUS_TX_BUFFER_SIZE = 128;
-static constexpr uint16_t MODBUS_TX_MAX_DELAY_MS = 5;
+static constexpr uint16_t MODBUS_TX_MAX_DELAY_US = 5000;
 
 // Typical frames -- reads and single-register/coil writes -- are exactly 8 bytes
-// (address + 5-byte PDU + 2-byte CRC) and fit inline with no heap allocation.
+// (address + 5-byte PDU + 2-byte CRC).
 static constexpr uint16_t MODBUS_FRAME_INLINE_SIZE = 8;
 
 struct ModbusFrame {
-  // Frame held in a small-buffer-optimized buffer. Typical frames fit inline; only larger
-  // multi-register or custom frames spill to a single heap allocation. This keeps the common,
-  // high-frequency tx traffic off the heap entirely, avoiding per-frame alloc/free churn.
-  // The buffer tracks its own length, so no separate size field is needed.
-  SmallInlineBuffer<MODBUS_FRAME_INLINE_SIZE> data;  // Modbus RTU max is 256 bytes
+  // Small-buffer-optimized: typical frames fit inline, keeping high-frequency tx traffic off the
+  // heap; only large multi-register or custom frames spill to a single heap allocation.
+  SmallInlineBuffer<MODBUS_FRAME_INLINE_SIZE> data;
 
+  // A frame is [address][PDU...][CRC lo][CRC hi]. These are the only places that need to know that layout
   ModbusFrame(uint8_t address, const uint8_t *pdu, uint16_t pdu_len) {
     uint8_t *buf = this->data.init(pdu_len + 3);
     buf[0] = address;
@@ -46,12 +41,9 @@ struct ModbusFrame {
   }
 
   uint16_t size() const { return static_cast<uint16_t>(this->data.size()); }
-
-  // A frame is [address][PDU...][CRC lo][CRC hi]. These are the only places that need to know that layout
   uint8_t address() const { return this->data.data()[0]; }
-  /// The PDU: function code + data, without address or CRC. Only valid while the frame is alive.
-  /// Requires a complete frame (size() >= MIN_FRAME_SIZE, guaranteed by the constructors) - the
-  /// subtraction would wrap on anything shorter.
+  /// A PDU is [function code][data...] without address or CRC. Only valid while the frame is alive.
+  /// Requires a complete frame (size() >= MIN_FRAME_SIZE, guaranteed by the constructors)
   std::span<const uint8_t> pdu() const { return std::span<const uint8_t>(this->data.data() + 1, this->size() - 3u); }
 };
 
@@ -73,23 +65,23 @@ class Modbus : public uart::UARTDevice, public Component {
   virtual int32_t tx_delay_remaining();
   virtual void parse_modbus_frames() = 0;
   bool parse_modbus_server_frame_();
-  // pdu is the whole PDU (function code + payload, no address/CRC); pdu[0] is the (standard or custom) function code.
   virtual void process_modbus_server_frame(uint8_t address, std::span<const uint8_t> pdu) = 0;
   void clear_rx_buffer_(const LogString *reason, bool warn = false, size_t bytes_to_clear = 0);
-  // Transmit a frame. Callers gate on tx_blocked() first, but the pre-send delay can span several ms,
-  // so this re-checks after the delay and returns false without transmitting if a byte arrived in that
-  // window (the caller then leaves its entry to retry). Returns true once the frame has been transmitted.
   bool send_frame_(const ModbusFrame &frame);
-  // Scans forward from min_length to find a frame boundary by CRC match for custom function codes.
-  // Returns the matched frame length, or 0 if no valid CRC was found within MAX_FRAME_SIZE.
-  uint16_t find_custom_frame_end_(uint16_t min_length) const;
+  uint16_t find_frame_end_by_crc_(uint16_t min_length) const;
 
+  // All timestamps and durations below are micros()-based
   uint32_t last_modbus_byte_{0};
   uint32_t last_receive_check_{0};
   uint32_t last_send_{0};
   uint32_t last_send_tx_offset_{0};
-  uint16_t frame_delay_ms_{5};
-  uint16_t long_rx_buffer_delay_ms_{0};
+  uint32_t frame_delay_us_{5000};
+  uint32_t long_rx_buffer_delay_us_{0};
+  uint32_t rx_detect_latency_us_{0};
+  // Bits on the wire per character (start + data + optional parity + stop); 12 at most.
+  uint8_t bits_per_char_{11};
+  // Latched when a read reaches rx_full_threshold, cleared when the buffer drains.
+  bool exceeded_rx_full_threshold_{false};
 
   GPIOPin *flow_control_pin_{nullptr};
 
@@ -99,8 +91,7 @@ class Modbus : public uart::UARTDevice, public Component {
 class ModbusClientDevice;
 class ModbusServerDevice;
 
-// Transmit ordering, highest first: writes before one-shot reads before continuous polls. Derived
-// at selection time, never caller-chosen or stored.
+// Transmit ordering, highest first: writes before one-shot reads before continuous polls.
 enum class CommandPriority : uint8_t { CONTINUOUS = 0, READ, WRITE };
 
 // Per-entry lifecycle state. Waiting states (see waiting_state()) hold the bus; the sweep delivers owed
@@ -112,12 +103,15 @@ enum class FrameState : uint8_t {
   RECEIVED_EXCEPTION,
   TIMED_OUT,            // on_no_response delivered at the send-wait timeout; awaiting reschedule/erase
   INTERRUPTED,          // unexpected frame arrived; ignores this transaction, waits out the timeout
-  WAITING_RETIRED,      // cleared while WAITING: a late response is still delivered as its usual terminal
-  INTERRUPTED_RETIRED,  // cleared while INTERRUPTED: still distrusts late frames, ends in on_no_response
-  RETIRED,              // cleared, off the wire
+  WAITING_RETIRED,      // retired while WAITING: a late response is still delivered as its usual terminal
+  INTERRUPTED_RETIRED,  // retired while INTERRUPTED: still distrusts late frames, ends in on_no_response
+  RETIRED,              // retired, off the wire
 };
 
 // Per-command send options. Append-only; pass via designated initializers ({.continuous = true}).
+// A new field reaches the queue with no plumbing but arrives inert until it defines three rules:
+// normalization in queue_pdu(), a merge rule for duplicate absorption, and teardown in
+// retire()/silent_retire().
 struct CommandOptions {
   // A continuous poll lives in the queue until cancelled or failed; ignored for mutating codes.
   bool continuous{false};
@@ -126,83 +120,69 @@ struct CommandOptions {
 struct ModbusDeviceCommand {
   ModbusClientDevice *device;
   ModbusFrame frame;
-  FrameState state{FrameState::READY};
-  // A continuous poll is a subscription: pending fixed at 1, removed only by cancellation or failure.
-  bool continuous{false};
-  // Accepted requests this entry stands for, capped at max_pending(); drains one terminal each.
-  uint8_t pending{1};
   // Place-in-line stamp (hub's free-running counter); selection takes the oldest for round-robin
   // fairness within a class. Meant to wrap.
   uint16_t seq{0};
+  FrameState state{FrameState::READY};
+  // Accepted requests this entry stands for, capped at max_pending(); drains one terminal each.
+  // A continuous poll is a subscription: pending fixed at 1, removed only by cancellation or failure.
+  uint8_t pending{1};
+  // The entry's LIVE effective options, not a record of the caller's request
+  CommandOptions options;
 
-  // Build a command from a PDU span (caller bounds it to MAX_PDU_SIZE); fully initialized here.
+  // Build a command from a PDU span (caller bounds it to MAX_PDU_SIZE) and pre-normalized options;
+  // fully initialized here.
   ModbusDeviceCommand(ModbusClientDevice *device, uint8_t address, std::span<const uint8_t> pdu,
-                      bool continuous = false, uint16_t seq = 0)
-      : device(device),
-        frame(address, pdu.data(), static_cast<uint16_t>(pdu.size())),
-        continuous(continuous),
-        seq(seq) {}
+                      CommandOptions options = {}, uint16_t seq = 0)
+      : device(device), frame(address, pdu.data(), static_cast<uint16_t>(pdu.size())), seq(seq), options(options) {}
 
-  // Transmit ordering class, derived (never stored): a continuous poll ranks below every one-shot.
   CommandPriority priority() const {
-    return this->continuous ? CommandPriority::CONTINUOUS : classify(this->frame.pdu()[0]);
-  }
-  // Wire-derived class: mutating codes rank WRITE; exception-flagged codes are excluded.
-  static CommandPriority classify(uint8_t function_code) {
-    if (helpers::is_function_code_exception(function_code))
-      return CommandPriority::READ;
-    const auto code = static_cast<FunctionCode>(function_code);
-    if (helpers::is_function_code_write(function_code) || code == FunctionCode::MASK_WRITE_REGISTER ||
-        code == FunctionCode::READ_WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS) {
+    if (this->options.continuous)
+      return CommandPriority::CONTINUOUS;
+    if (helpers::is_function_code_write(this->frame.pdu()[0])) {
       return CommandPriority::WRITE;
     }
     return CommandPriority::READ;
   }
 
-  // Requests this entry can serve: a standard read twice (run plus one re-run), everything else once.
+  // Requests this entry can serve
   uint8_t max_pending() const {
     const uint8_t fc = this->frame.pdu()[0];
-    const bool requeueable = !helpers::is_function_code_exception(fc) && helpers::is_function_code_read(fc);
-    return (requeueable && !this->continuous) ? 2 : 1;
+    return (helpers::is_function_code_read_only(fc) && !this->options.continuous) ? 2 : 1;
   }
-  // Device-scoped clear: detach with no callback (device-less, pending 0). An entry still waiting for
-  // a response keeps its state as a reply-ignoring shell that resolves silently; any other goes RETIRED.
+  // Device-scoped clear: detach with no callback. An entry still waiting for a response keeps its state as a
+  // reply-ignoring shell that resolves silently; any other goes RETIRED.
   void silent_retire() {
     if (!this->waiting_state())
       this->state = FrameState::RETIRED;
     this->pending = 0;
     this->device = nullptr;
   }
-  // Re-ready for another transmission, restamped to the tail of its class (hub passes next_seq_++).
+  // Fire-and-forget completion for a broadcast (address 0): the frame was transmitted (on_sent already
+  // fired), but a broadcast is never answered (Modbus 4.1), so the entry retires with no terminal callback.
+  void complete_broadcast() {
+    this->state = FrameState::RETIRED;
+    this->pending = 0;
+  }
+  // Re-ready for another transmission, restamped to the tail of its class
   void requeue(uint16_t seq) {
     this->state = FrameState::READY;
     this->seq = seq;
   }
   // Re-task a frame that lives on: upgrade a one-shot to a continuous poll, or downgrade a poll back to
-  // a one-shot. Either way the entry keeps running and owes a request, so this is not a plain setter -
-  // to tear an entry down instead, use retire()/silent_retire(), which leave pending as the count owed.
-  // On: the entry becomes a continuous poll, superseding any absorbed requests (pending resets to the
-  // single subscription). Off: a one-shot duplicate has cancelled the poll, but the entry must still run
-  // once to serve that request - so restore one first. While the flag is still set max_pending() is 1,
-  // so the restore lifts a terminated poll (pending 0, after an error/timeout) back to 1 and is a no-op
-  // on a live poll already at 1; the flag drops afterwards, when a read's cap can widen to 2 without
-  // retroactively inflating that no-op.
+  // a one-shot.
   void make_continuous(bool continuous) {
     if (continuous) {
-      this->continuous = true;
+      this->options.continuous = true;
       this->pending = 1;
     } else {
       this->increment_pending();
-      this->continuous = false;
+      this->options.continuous = false;
     }
   }
-  // Address-scoped clear: keep pending and device so the sweep delivers one on_not_sent() per un-run
+  // Address-scoped clear: keep pending and device so the sweep delivers one on_not_sent() per un-delivered
   // request. An entry still waiting for a response keeps its in-flight request (whose usual terminal is
-  // still coming) and drains only its duplicates: WAITING -> WAITING_RETIRED, and INTERRUPTED ->
-  // INTERRUPTED_RETIRED which keeps distrusting late frames (they were already interrupted). Any other
-  // state -> RETIRED, draining everything. A cleared frame that then times out still honors a retry:
-  // the clear is address-scoped (any device may call it) while the retry is the owning device's call
-  // via on_no_response - the bus obeys the owner.
+  // still coming) and drains only its duplicates.
   void retire() {
     if (this->state == FrameState::WAITING) {
       this->state = FrameState::WAITING_RETIRED;
@@ -211,10 +191,10 @@ struct ModbusDeviceCommand {
     } else if (!this->waiting_state()) {  // an already-retired shell stays put; off the wire -> RETIRED
       this->state = FrameState::RETIRED;
     }
-    this->continuous = false;
+    this->options = {};  // reset every option
   }
 
-  // True while the entry is still waiting for a response; the erase pass exempts these even at pending 0.
+  // True while the entry is still waiting for a response
   bool waiting_state() const {
     return this->state == FrameState::WAITING || this->state == FrameState::INTERRUPTED ||
            this->state == FrameState::WAITING_RETIRED || this->state == FrameState::INTERRUPTED_RETIRED;
@@ -227,7 +207,7 @@ struct ModbusDeviceCommand {
     }
     return false;
   }
-  // Add one request, honouring the cap; false = already at cap (absorb a duplicate, restore a retry).
+
   bool increment_pending() {
     if (this->pending < this->max_pending()) {
       this->pending++;
@@ -237,7 +217,7 @@ struct ModbusDeviceCommand {
   }
 
   // Terminal/lifecycle methods: each owns its transition, callback, and pending accounting and
-  // returns whether a callback ran. Out-of-line: ModbusClientDevice is incomplete here.
+  // returns whether a callback ran.
   bool sent();
   bool response(std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu);
   bool error(ExceptionCode exception_code);
@@ -258,27 +238,38 @@ class ModbusClientHub : public Modbus {
   ModbusClientHub() = default;
   void dump_config() override;
   void loop() override;
-  void set_send_wait_time(uint16_t time_in_ms) { this->send_wait_time_ = time_in_ms; }
-  void set_turnaround_time(uint16_t time_in_ms) { this->turnaround_delay_ms_ = time_in_ms; }
+  // Config arrives in milliseconds; stored internally in microseconds like all other timing.
+  void set_send_wait_time(uint16_t time_in_ms) { this->send_wait_time_us_ = time_in_ms * 1000UL; }
+  void set_turnaround_time(uint16_t time_in_ms) { this->turnaround_delay_us_ = time_in_ms * 1000UL; }
   bool tx_buffer_empty();
   bool tx_blocked() override;
-  ESPDEPRECATED("Use send_pdu() with create_client_pdu() instead. Removed in 2026.10.0", "2026.4.0")
+  ESPDEPRECATED("Use queue_pdu() with create_client_pdu() instead. Removed in 2026.10.0", "2026.4.0")
   void send(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, uint16_t start_address, uint16_t number_of_entities,
             uint8_t payload_len = 0, const uint8_t *payload = nullptr, ModbusClientDevice *device = nullptr) {
-    this->send_pdu(address,
-                   helpers::create_client_pdu((FunctionCode) function_code, start_address, number_of_entities, payload,
-                                              payload_len),
-                   device);
+    this->queue_pdu(address,
+                    helpers::create_client_pdu((FunctionCode) function_code, start_address, number_of_entities, payload,
+                                               payload_len),
+                    device);
   };
-  // Queue a request; true once it is a live entry (resolving in one terminal), false if it never
-  // entered the machine (empty/oversize PDU, full queue, anonymous or over-cap duplicate) - no callback.
-  bool send_pdu(uint8_t address, std::span<const uint8_t> pdu, ModbusClientDevice *device = nullptr,
-                CommandOptions options = {});
-  ESPDEPRECATED("Use send_pdu(payload[0], <pdu bytes>, device) instead. Removed in 2027.2.0", "2026.8.0")
+  /// Queue a request. True = accepted: it resolves in exactly one terminal callback (a broadcast,
+  /// address 0, gets only on_sent()). False = refused, and no callback of any kind follows.
+  /// Neither means anything reached the wire - on_sent() reports that.
+  bool queue_pdu(uint8_t address, std::span<const uint8_t> pdu, ModbusClientDevice *device = nullptr,
+                 CommandOptions options = {});
+  // Remove before 2027.2.0. Deliberately the void, no-options signature 2026.7.4 shipped: nothing
+  // external can rely on the later additions under this name.
+  ESPDEPRECATED("Use queue_pdu() instead - the call queues a request, it does not send one, and it "
+                "reports whether the request was accepted. Removed in 2027.2.0",
+                "2026.8.0")
+  void send_pdu(uint8_t address, std::span<const uint8_t> pdu, ModbusClientDevice *device = nullptr) {
+    this->queue_pdu(address, pdu, device);
+  }
+  ESPDEPRECATED("Use queue_pdu(payload[0], <pdu bytes>, device) instead. Removed in 2027.2.0", "2026.8.0")
   void send_raw(const std::vector<uint8_t> &payload, ModbusClientDevice *device = nullptr);
-  // Clear an address's commands; each un-run request resolves via on_not_sent(), but a frame on the
-  // wire still runs to its usual terminal. clear_tx_queue_for_device() instead discards silently.
+  // Clear all commands matching the given address; each unsent request resolves via on_not_sent(), but a
+  // frame on the wire still runs to its usual terminal.
   void clear_tx_queue_for_address(uint8_t address);
+  // Clear all commands for a given device; no callbacks are delivered.
   void clear_tx_queue_for_device(ModbusClientDevice *device);
 
  protected:
@@ -288,16 +279,15 @@ class ModbusClientHub : public Modbus {
   void send_next_frame_();
   // Deliver owed callbacks from a quiescent hub and apply lifecycle bookkeeping; see FrameState.
   void sweep_();
-  // The selection function: best READY entry (WRITE class first, then one-shot reads, then the
-  // least-recently-served continuous; FIFO by seq within each group), or nullptr.
+  // The selection function: best READY entry (ordered by priority; FIFO by seq within each group), or nullptr.
   ModbusDeviceCommand *select_next_ready_();
   // Locate the single entry waiting for a response (WAITING/INTERRUPTED/WAITING_RETIRED/INTERRUPTED_RETIRED).
   ModbusDeviceCommand *find_waiting_();
   // End the wait for a response on send-wait timeout (the loop() watchdog body); see FrameState.
   void expire_waiting_();
 
-  uint16_t send_wait_time_{2000};
-  uint16_t turnaround_delay_ms_{0};
+  uint32_t send_wait_time_us_{2000000};
+  uint32_t turnaround_delay_us_{0};
 
   // Set on transmit, cleared on the transaction-ending transition; send_next_frame_ won't select
   // while it is set, so at most one frame is awaiting a response.
@@ -312,6 +302,17 @@ class ModbusClientHub : public Modbus {
   std::deque<ModbusDeviceCommand> tx_buffer_;
 };
 
+// Transaction status: std::nullopt on success, otherwise a Modbus exception code
+using ResponseStatus = std::optional<ExceptionCode>;
+
+/// True when a transaction carried no exception.
+inline bool succeeded(ResponseStatus status) { return !status.has_value(); }
+
+// Register values exchanged with server handlers, in address order. Sized at the larger of the two protocol
+// maxima (read = 125 / 0x7D, write = 123 / 0x7B); the per-direction count limit is enforced by the hub, not by
+// the capacity of this type.
+using RegisterValues = StaticVector<uint16_t, MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ>;
+
 class ModbusServerHub : public Modbus {
  public:
   ModbusServerHub() = default;
@@ -322,13 +323,44 @@ class ModbusServerHub : public Modbus {
   void parse_modbus_frames() override;
   bool parse_modbus_client_frame_();
   void process_modbus_server_frame(uint8_t address, std::span<const uint8_t> pdu) override;
-  void process_modbus_client_frame_(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, const uint8_t *data);
+  void process_modbus_client_frame_(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, std::span<const uint8_t> data);
+  // Dispatches a broadcast (address 0) write to every registered device; broadcasts are never answered.
+  void process_broadcast_frame_(uint8_t function_code, std::span<const uint8_t> data);
+  // Parses a WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER / WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS PDU into start_address and the address order register
+  // values, validating the register count and address range. Shared by unicast and broadcast writes.
+  ResponseStatus parse_write_single_(std::span<const uint8_t> data, uint16_t &start_address, RegisterValues &registers);
+  ResponseStatus parse_write_multiple_(std::span<const uint8_t> data, uint16_t &start_address,
+                                       RegisterValues &registers);
+  // Assembles host-order registers from the big-endian bytes in values and appends them to registers.
+  void assemble_registers_(std::span<const uint8_t> values, RegisterValues &registers);
   ModbusServerDevice *find_device_(uint8_t address);
-  // Returns true if [start_address, start_address + number_of_registers) fits in the 16-bit address space.
-  // On failure, logs and sends an ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS exception to the client.
-  bool check_register_range_(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, uint16_t start_address,
-                             uint16_t number_of_registers);
+  // Returns std::nullopt if [start_address, start_address + count) fits in a 16-bit address space, otherwise
+  // ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS. The caller sends the exception reply if one is required. Shared by the
+  // register/coil/discrete-input handlers, which all use a 16-bit address space.
+  ResponseStatus check_address_range_(uint16_t start_address, uint16_t count);
+
+  // Parses read request data. max_entities is the protocol ceiling for the function code; entity_name labels
+  // the rejection log.
+  ResponseStatus parse_read_request_(std::span<const uint8_t> data, uint16_t max_entities, const LogString *entity_name,
+                                     uint16_t &start_address, uint16_t &count);
+
+  // Parses single-coil write data
+  ResponseStatus parse_write_single_coil_(std::span<const uint8_t> data, uint16_t &start_address, bool &value);
+
+  // Parses write-multiple-coil data into a packed-bit view pointing straight into the receive buffer, so the
+  // coil values are never copied.
+  ResponseStatus parse_write_multiple_coils_(std::span<const uint8_t> data, uint16_t &start_address, uint16_t &count,
+                                             std::span<const uint8_t> &packed_bytes);
+
+  // Builds the body of a register read response into response_buffer. Returns false once an exception has
+  // been sent: the one the handler reported via status, or SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE if it returned the wrong
+  // number of registers, the count exceeds the protocol read limit, or the body does not fit.
+  bool build_or_reject_read_response_(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, ResponseStatus status,
+                                      uint16_t number_of_registers, const RegisterValues &registers,
+                                      std::span<uint8_t> response_buffer, uint16_t &response_len);
   void send_raw_(const uint8_t *payload, uint16_t len);
+  // Sends and logs the exception reply when status holds one; returns true if the request was rejected.
+  bool rejected_(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, ResponseStatus status);
   void send_exception_(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, ExceptionCode exception_code);
   void send_response_(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, const uint8_t *payload, uint16_t payload_len);
   uint8_t expecting_peer_response_{0};
@@ -340,22 +372,20 @@ class ModbusServerHub : public Modbus {
   uint16_t deferred_payload_len_{0};
 };
 
-// Transaction status: std::nullopt on success, otherwise a Modbus exception code
-using ResponseStatus = std::optional<ExceptionCode>;
-
 /// Callback contract. Each accepted request ends in exactly ONE terminal: on_response() (data),
 /// on_error() (exception), on_no_response() (timeout/interruption), or on_not_sent() (dropped by
-/// clear_tx_queue_for_address before transmission). A request refused at send_pdu() (false return)
-/// gets none. on_sent() is additional, once per transmission, never for an on_not_sent() request.
-/// on_response()/on_error() fire at parse time and on_no_response() at the send-wait watchdog, all
-/// from a quiescent hub; only on_not_sent() is delivered by the sweep. Sending or clearing from
+/// clear_tx_queue_for_address before transmission). A request refused at queue_pdu() (false return)
+/// gets none, and a broadcast (address 0) gets on_sent() with NO terminal, since a broadcast is never
+/// answered (Modbus 4.1). on_sent() is additional, once per transmission, never for an on_not_sent()
+/// request. on_response()/on_error() fire at parse time and on_no_response() at the send-wait watchdog,
+/// all from a quiescent hub; only on_not_sent() is delivered by the sweep. Sending or clearing from
 /// inside a callback is safe (picked up by the next sweep). Exceptions to "exactly one terminal":
-/// clear_tx_queue_for_device() drops the caller's own frames silently; a continuous poll's cycles are
-/// its own accounting (a one-shot duplicate downgrades the poll to a one-shot; a continuous duplicate
-/// merges into it).
+/// a broadcast is fire-and-forget (on_sent, no terminal); clear_tx_queue_for_device() drops the caller's
+/// own frames silently; a continuous poll's cycles are its own accounting (a one-shot duplicate
+/// downgrades the poll to a one-shot; a continuous duplicate merges into it).
 ///
 /// Invariants:
-/// - Public entry points (send_pdu/clear_tx_queue_*) only append to the queue or mutate an existing
+/// - Public entry points (queue_pdu/clear_tx_queue_*) only append to the queue or mutate an existing
 ///   entry through its callback-free transition methods.
 /// - Public entry points can never trigger a callback synchronously.
 /// - Callbacks are delivered only from within loop().
@@ -457,73 +487,86 @@ class ModbusClientDevice {
   /// to handle custom traffic (which also silences the warning).
   virtual void on_custom_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu,
                                   ResponseStatus status);
-  ESPDEPRECATED("Use the typed read_*/write_* helpers or send_pdu() instead. Removed in 2027.2.0", "2026.8.0")
+  ESPDEPRECATED("Use the typed read_*/write_* helpers or queue_pdu() instead. Removed in 2027.2.0", "2026.8.0")
   void send(uint8_t function, uint16_t start_address, uint16_t number_of_entities, uint8_t payload_len = 0,
             const uint8_t *payload = nullptr) {
-    this->parent_->send_pdu(
+    this->parent_->queue_pdu(
         this->address_,
         helpers::create_client_pdu((FunctionCode) function, start_address, number_of_entities, payload, payload_len),
         this);
   }
-  /// See ModbusClientHub::send_pdu(): true = accepted (a terminal callback will follow),
-  /// false = refused at the door (no callback).
-  bool send_pdu(std::span<const uint8_t> pdu, CommandOptions options = {}) {
-    return this->parent_->send_pdu(this->address_, pdu, this, options);
+  /// See ModbusClientHub::queue_pdu() for the return contract.
+  bool queue_pdu(std::span<const uint8_t> pdu, CommandOptions options = {}) {
+    return this->parent_->queue_pdu(this->address_, pdu, this, options);
   }
-  ESPDEPRECATED("Use send_pdu() instead (the device address is prepended for you). Removed in 2027.2.0", "2026.8.0")
-  bool send_raw(const std::vector<uint8_t> &payload) {
+  // Remove before 2027.2.0. As on the hub, this is the signature 2026.7.4 shipped: void, no options.
+  ESPDEPRECATED("Use queue_pdu() instead - the call queues a request, it does not send one, and it "
+                "reports whether the request was accepted. Removed in 2027.2.0",
+                "2026.8.0")
+  void send_pdu(std::span<const uint8_t> pdu) { this->queue_pdu(pdu); }
+  ESPDEPRECATED("Use queue_pdu() instead (the device address is prepended for you). Removed in 2027.2.0", "2026.8.0")
+  void send_raw(const std::vector<uint8_t> &payload) {
     if (payload.empty())
-      return false;  // too short to contain a PDU; refused at the door like any invalid send
-    return this->parent_->send_pdu(payload[0], std::span<const uint8_t>(payload).subspan(1), this);
+      return;  // too short to contain a PDU; refused at the door like any invalid send
+    this->parent_->queue_pdu(payload[0], std::span<const uint8_t>(payload).subspan(1), this);
   }
-  // Reads via the table-appropriate function code; an unreadable entity type maps to INVALID, which
-  // create_read_pdu() rejects into an empty PDU and send_pdu() refuses with a false return.
+  // The typed request builders below all queue through queue_pdu() and share its return contract.
+  // Reads use the table-appropriate function code; an unreadable entity type maps to INVALID, which
+  // create_read_pdu() rejects into an empty PDU and queue_pdu() refuses with a false return.
   bool read_entities(EntityType entity_type, uint16_t start_address, uint16_t number_of_entities,
                      CommandOptions options = {}) {
-    return this->send_pdu(helpers::create_read_pdu(helpers::modbus_register_read_function(entity_type), start_address,
-                                                   number_of_entities),
-                          options);
+    return this->queue_pdu(helpers::create_read_pdu(helpers::modbus_register_read_function(entity_type), start_address,
+                                                    number_of_entities),
+                           options);
   }
   bool read_input_registers(uint16_t start_address, uint16_t number_of_registers, CommandOptions options = {}) {
-    return this->send_pdu(
+    return this->queue_pdu(
         helpers::create_read_pdu(FunctionCode::READ_INPUT_REGISTERS, start_address, number_of_registers), options);
   }
   bool read_holding_registers(uint16_t start_address, uint16_t number_of_registers, CommandOptions options = {}) {
-    return this->send_pdu(
+    return this->queue_pdu(
         helpers::create_read_pdu(FunctionCode::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS, start_address, number_of_registers), options);
   }
   bool read_coils(uint16_t start_address, uint16_t number_of_coils, CommandOptions options = {}) {
-    return this->send_pdu(helpers::create_read_pdu(FunctionCode::READ_COILS, start_address, number_of_coils), options);
+    return this->queue_pdu(helpers::create_read_pdu(FunctionCode::READ_COILS, start_address, number_of_coils), options);
   }
   bool read_discrete_inputs(uint16_t start_address, uint16_t number_of_inputs, CommandOptions options = {}) {
-    return this->send_pdu(helpers::create_read_pdu(FunctionCode::READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS, start_address, number_of_inputs),
-                          options);
+    return this->queue_pdu(
+        helpers::create_read_pdu(FunctionCode::READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS, start_address, number_of_inputs), options);
   }
   bool write_single_register(uint16_t start_address, uint16_t value) {
-    return this->send_pdu(helpers::create_write_single_register_pdu(start_address, value));
+    return this->queue_pdu(helpers::create_write_single_register_pdu(start_address, value));
   }
   bool write_single_coil(uint16_t address, bool value) {
-    return this->send_pdu(helpers::create_write_single_coil_pdu(address, value));
+    return this->queue_pdu(helpers::create_write_single_coil_pdu(address, value));
   }
   bool write_multiple_registers(uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint16_t> values) {
-    return this->send_pdu(helpers::create_write_registers_pdu(start_address, values));
+    // Empty goes to the full-size builder so the rejection log names this method's limit, not the small one's.
+    if (!values.empty() && values.size() <= helpers::MAX_FEW_REGISTERS)
+      return this->queue_pdu(helpers::create_write_few_registers_pdu(start_address, values));
+    return this->queue_pdu(helpers::create_write_registers_pdu(start_address, values));
   }
   /// Note: std::vector<bool> cannot bind to std::span<const bool>; use a contiguous bool container or the packed
   /// overload.
   bool write_multiple_coils(uint16_t start_address, std::span<const bool> values) {
-    return this->send_pdu(helpers::create_write_coils_pdu(start_address, values));
+    return this->queue_pdu(helpers::create_write_coils_pdu(start_address, values));
   }
   /// Packed variant: a PackedBits view (the same layout on_read_coils() delivers), so
   /// read-modify-write needs no unpack/repack.
   bool write_multiple_coils(uint16_t start_address, PackedBits bits) {
-    return this->send_pdu(helpers::create_write_coils_pdu(start_address, bits));
+    return this->queue_pdu(helpers::create_write_coils_pdu(start_address, bits));
+  }
+  /// FC 0x17: the read-back is delivered through on_read_holding_registers(), and a device exception
+  /// (typically a rejected write half) arrives there too via its status - one callback handles both
+  /// outcomes with no on_error() override needed.
+  bool read_write_multiple_registers(uint16_t read_start_address, uint16_t read_count, uint16_t write_start_address,
+                                     std::span<const uint16_t> write_values) {
+    return this->queue_pdu(helpers::create_read_write_multiple_registers_pdu(read_start_address, read_count,
+                                                                             write_start_address, write_values));
   }
   inline void clear_tx_queue_for_address() { this->parent_->clear_tx_queue_for_address(this->address_); }
   inline void clear_tx_queue_for_device() { this->parent_->clear_tx_queue_for_device(this); }
 
-  // If more than one device is connected block sending a new command before a response is received
-  ESPDEPRECATED("Use ready_for_immediate_send() instead. Removed in 2026.9.0", "2026.3.0")
-  bool waiting_for_response() { return !this->ready_for_immediate_send(); }
   bool ready_for_immediate_send() { return this->parent_->tx_buffer_empty() && !this->parent_->tx_blocked(); }
 
  protected:
@@ -536,12 +579,9 @@ class ModbusClientDevice {
   bool custom_response_warned_{false};  // first unhandled custom response warns; repeats log at VERBOSE
 };
 
-// Compatibility shim for external components written against the pre-2026.8 API, which subclassed
-// ModbusDevice and overrode on_modbus_data()/on_modbus_error(). The name is free (nothing in-tree
-// uses it), so instead of a plain alias it adapts the new span-based hooks back to the old
-// signatures: on_modbus_data() receives the response payload as an owning vector (the heap copy
-// exists only on this deprecated path) and on_modbus_error() the function code and exception code.
-// Remove before 2027.2.0 (window restarted when the plain alias became a behavior shim in 2026.8.0)
+// Compatibility shim adapting the span-based hooks back to the pre-2026.8 on_modbus_data()/
+// on_modbus_error() signatures (the owning-vector heap copy exists only on this deprecated path).
+// Remove before 2027.2.0 (window restarted when the plain alias became a behavior shim in 2026.8.0).
 class ESPDEPRECATED("Subclass ModbusClientDevice and override on_response()/on_error() instead. Removed in 2027.2.0",
                     "2026.8.0") ModbusDevice : public ModbusClientDevice {
  public:
@@ -563,11 +603,6 @@ class ESPDEPRECATED("Subclass ModbusClientDevice and override on_response()/on_e
   }
 };
 
-// Register values exchanged with server handlers, in host byte order. Sized at the larger of the two protocol
-// maxima (read = 125 / 0x7D, write = 123 / 0x7B); the per-direction count limit is enforced by the hub, not by
-// the capacity of this type.
-using RegisterValues = StaticVector<uint16_t, MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ>;
-
 class ModbusServerDevice {
  public:
   virtual ~ModbusServerDevice() = default;
@@ -594,6 +629,23 @@ class ModbusServerDevice {
   virtual ResponseStatus on_write_registers(uint16_t start_address, const RegisterValues &registers) {
     return ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_FUNCTION;
   };
+  /// Coil/discrete-input reads: set the requested bits (bit 0 = the coil at start_address) with
+  /// bits.set(). The view covers bits.size() pre-zeroed bits and writes land directly in the hub's
+  /// response buffer (no copy); it is only valid during the call.
+  virtual ResponseStatus on_read_bits(uint16_t start_address, MutablePackedBits bits) {
+    return ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_FUNCTION;
+  };
+  virtual ResponseStatus on_read_coils(uint16_t start_address, MutablePackedBits bits) {
+    return this->on_read_bits(start_address, bits);
+  };
+  virtual ResponseStatus on_read_discrete_inputs(uint16_t start_address, MutablePackedBits bits) {
+    return this->on_read_bits(start_address, bits);
+  };
+  /// Coil writes deliver the values as a PackedBits view over the hub's receive buffer (only valid
+  /// during the call). A single-coil write (FC 0x05) arrives as bits.size() == 1.
+  virtual ResponseStatus on_write_coils(uint16_t start_address, PackedBits bits) {
+    return ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_FUNCTION;
+  };
 
  protected:
   uint8_t address_{0};
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus/modbus_definitions.h b/esphome/components/modbus/modbus_definitions.h
index f883bfff30..0939f9e76c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus/modbus_definitions.h
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus/modbus_definitions.h
@@ -20,7 +20,9 @@ const uint8_t FUNCTION_CODE_USER_DEFINED_SPACE_2_END = 110;   // 0x6E
 
 enum class FunctionCode : uint8_t {
   INVALID = 0x00,  // 0x00 is not a valid function code (even for custom functions).
-  CUSTOM = 0x00,   // The CUSTOM alias should be removed in future.
+  // Remove before 2027.3.0
+  CUSTOM ESPDEPRECATED("0x00 is not a function code; use FunctionCode::INVALID for the sentinel. Removed in 2027.3.0",
+                       "2026.9.0") = 0x00,
   READ_COILS = 0x01,
   READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS = 0x02,
   READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS = 0x03,
@@ -33,19 +35,18 @@ enum class FunctionCode : uint8_t {
   GET_COMM_EVENT_LOG = 0x0C,      // not implemented
   WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS = 0x0F,
   WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS = 0x10,
-  REPORT_SERVER_ID = 0x11,               // not implemented
-  READ_FILE_RECORD = 0x14,               // not implemented
-  WRITE_FILE_RECORD = 0x15,              // not implemented
-  MASK_WRITE_REGISTER = 0x16,            // not implemented
-  READ_WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS = 0x17,  // not implemented
-  READ_FIFO_QUEUE = 0x18,                // not implemented
+  REPORT_SERVER_ID = 0x11,     // not implemented
+  READ_FILE_RECORD = 0x14,     // not implemented
+  WRITE_FILE_RECORD = 0x15,    // not implemented
+  MASK_WRITE_REGISTER = 0x16,  // not implemented
+  READ_WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS = 0x17,
+  READ_FIFO_QUEUE = 0x18,  // not implemented
 };
 
 // Remove before 2027.2.0
 using ModbusFunctionCode ESPDEPRECATED("Use modbus::FunctionCode instead. Removed in 2027.2.0",
                                        "2026.8.0") = FunctionCode;
 
-/*Allow direct comparison operators between FunctionCode and uint8_t*/
 inline bool operator==(FunctionCode lhs, uint8_t rhs) { return static_cast<uint8_t>(lhs) == rhs; }
 inline bool operator==(uint8_t lhs, FunctionCode rhs) { return lhs == static_cast<uint8_t>(rhs); }
 inline bool operator!=(FunctionCode lhs, uint8_t rhs) { return !(static_cast<uint8_t>(lhs) == rhs); }
@@ -115,7 +116,14 @@ static constexpr uint16_t MAX_RAW_SIZE = 254;  // Max RAW size is 256 - CRC(2) =
 static constexpr uint16_t READ_PDU_SIZE = 5;
 // A single-write PDU is always function code(1) + address(2) + value(2)
 static constexpr uint16_t WRITE_SINGLE_PDU_SIZE = 5;
+// A multiple-write PDU starts with function code(1) + start address(2) + quantity(2) + byte count(1),
+// followed by two bytes per register.
+static constexpr uint16_t WRITE_MULTIPLE_HEADER_SIZE = 6;
 static constexpr uint16_t MAX_FRAME_SIZE = 256;
+
+// 4.1 Address 0 is the broadcast address: the request is processed by every device and never answered.
+static constexpr uint8_t BROADCAST_ADDRESS = 0;
+
 // Both send paths bound their payload so the framed result lands exactly on the RTU limit: a client
 // PDU gains an address byte and a CRC, a raw server frame gains a CRC. send_frame_() therefore never
 // has to check the framed size - it cannot be exceeded.
@@ -124,6 +132,19 @@ static_assert(MAX_RAW_SIZE + 2 == MAX_FRAME_SIZE, "a framed raw server payload m
 /// Bits pack 8 per data byte, rounded up to whole bytes.
 constexpr size_t packed_bit_bytes(size_t bits) { return (bits + 7) / 8; }
 
+// A coil/discrete-input read answers with byte count(1) + packed_bit_bytes(count) bytes, which has to fit
+// the raw frame body. The runtime check on that path catches a caller entering with bytes already written;
+// this catches the other way in, raising the ceiling past what a frame can carry.
+static_assert(1 + packed_bit_bytes(MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_READ) <= MAX_RAW_SIZE,
+              "MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_READ yields a read response larger than MAX_RAW_SIZE");
+static_assert(1 + packed_bit_bytes(MAX_NUM_OF_DISCRETE_INPUTS_TO_READ) <= MAX_RAW_SIZE,
+              "MAX_NUM_OF_DISCRETE_INPUTS_TO_READ yields a read response larger than MAX_RAW_SIZE");
+
+// The coil and discrete-input ceilings are separate limits in the spec but hold the same value, so the
+// read paths validate both against MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_READ. Should the spec ever split them, this fires.
+static_assert(MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_READ == MAX_NUM_OF_DISCRETE_INPUTS_TO_READ,
+              "the coil and discrete-input read ceilings must match");
+
 /** Read-only view of Modbus-packed bits: bit 0 of byte 0 is the first bit (LSB first), the layout
  * coil/discrete-input values use on the wire. Bundles the bit count with the packed bytes so the
  * two cannot desynchronize. The view does not own the bytes - it is only valid while they are.
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus/modbus_helpers.cpp b/esphome/components/modbus/modbus_helpers.cpp
index 2c87928e9f..d80e6c86ad 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus/modbus_helpers.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus/modbus_helpers.cpp
@@ -8,10 +8,11 @@ namespace esphome::modbus::helpers {
 static const char *const TAG = "modbus_helpers";
 
 // A quantity/address pair is standard when the quantity is non-zero, within the per-table maximum,
-// and the range [start_address, start_address + quantity) stays inside the 16-bit address space
-// (the 32-bit promotion is the overflow guard - a 16-bit sum could wrap and pass).
+// and the range [start_address, start_address + quantity) stays inside the 16-bit address space.
+// Non-logging twin of register_block_in_range(): the same three predicates for the parser side, taking a
+// uint16_t quantity. register_block_in_range() is the builder-side variant that also logs which half failed.
 static bool quantity_in_range(uint16_t start_address, uint16_t quantity, uint16_t max_quantity) {
-  return quantity != 0 && quantity <= max_quantity && uint32_t(start_address) + quantity <= 0x10000u;
+  return quantity != 0 && quantity <= max_quantity && address_range_fits(start_address, quantity);
 }
 
 // The spec allows exactly ON (0xFF00) and OFF (0x0000) for a single-coil value, on the request and
@@ -29,9 +30,11 @@ uint16_t server_pdu_length(const uint8_t *frame, size_t size) {
   switch (static_cast<FunctionCode>(frame[0])) {
     case FunctionCode::READ_COILS:
     case FunctionCode::READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS:
+      // function(1) + byte count(1) + packed coil bytes
+      return 2 + (size > 1 ? std::min(frame[1], uint8_t(packed_bit_bytes(MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_READ))) : 0);
     case FunctionCode::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS:
     case FunctionCode::READ_INPUT_REGISTERS:
-      // function(1) + byte count(1) + data
+      // function(1) + byte count(1) + register data
       return 2 + (size > 1 ? std::min(frame[1], uint8_t(MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ * 2)) : 0);
     case FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL:
     case FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER:
@@ -59,6 +62,9 @@ uint16_t server_pdu_length(const uint8_t *frame, size_t size) {
 uint16_t client_pdu_length(const uint8_t *frame, size_t size) {
   if (size < MIN_PDU_SIZE)
     return MIN_PDU_SIZE;
+  if (is_function_code_exception(frame[0])) {
+    return 2;  // never a valid request; sized like the exception reply so the CRC fails at once
+  }
   switch (static_cast<FunctionCode>(frame[0])) {
     case FunctionCode::READ_COILS:
     case FunctionCode::READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS:
@@ -69,8 +75,10 @@ uint16_t client_pdu_length(const uint8_t *frame, size_t size) {
     case FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER:
       return 5;  // function(1) + output/register address(2) + value(2)
     case FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS:
+      // function(1) + start address(2) + quantity(2) + byte count(1) + packed coil data (8 coils per byte).
+      return 6 + (size > 5 ? std::min(frame[5], uint8_t(packed_bit_bytes(MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_WRITE))) : 0);
     case FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS:
-      // function(1) + start address(2) + quantity(2) + byte count(1) + data
+      // function(1) + start address(2) + quantity(2) + byte count(1) + register data (2 bytes per register).
       return 6 + (size > 5 ? std::min(frame[5], uint8_t(MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE * 2)) : 0);
     // Unsupported function codes. Included here to prevent parser failures. Excluding Serial Line specific functions.
     case FunctionCode::READ_FILE_RECORD:
@@ -284,25 +292,58 @@ std::optional<int64_t> payload_to_number(const uint8_t *data, size_t size, Senso
 }
 
 std::optional<int64_t> registers_to_number(const uint16_t *registers, size_t count, SensorValueType sensor_value_type) {
-  const size_t required_size = required_payload_size(sensor_value_type);
-  if (required_size == 0) {
-    return 0;  // RAW/unsupported: nothing to read
+  // RAW and BIT carry no fixed-width number, so there is nothing to decode whatever the span holds.
+  // register_width_for() reports 1 for them, so this must be checked before the width test below.
+  if (sensor_value_type == SensorValueType::RAW || sensor_value_type == SensorValueType::BIT) {
+    return 0;
   }
-  const size_t required_words = required_size / 2;
+  const uint16_t required_words = register_width_for(sensor_value_type);
   if (required_words > count) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "not enough registers for value type=%u count=%zu required=%zu",
-             static_cast<unsigned int>(sensor_value_type), count, required_words);
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "not enough registers for value type=%u count=%zu required=%u",
+             static_cast<unsigned int>(sensor_value_type), count, static_cast<unsigned int>(required_words));
     return std::nullopt;
   }
-  // Serialize the needed words back to big-endian bytes and reuse the audited byte decoder so the
-  // sign-extension behaviour stays identical to the wire path.
-  uint8_t bytes[8];  // at most 4 registers (QWORD)
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < required_words; i++) {
-    uint16_t reg = registers[i];
-    bytes[i * 2] = static_cast<uint8_t>(reg >> 8);
-    bytes[i * 2 + 1] = static_cast<uint8_t>(reg & 0xFF);
+  // Registers are the wire's own unit, so decode them directly rather than serializing back to bytes.
+  // Each case defers to registers_to_value() so the word order and sign rules have one definition, with
+  // two deliberate exceptions matching what the byte decoder returned: the float types yield their bit
+  // pattern rather than a float, and U_QWORD shares the signed branch because the return type is int64_t.
+  switch (sensor_value_type) {
+    case SensorValueType::U_WORD:
+      return registers_to_value<SensorValueType::U_WORD>(registers);
+    case SensorValueType::U_WORD_S:
+      return registers_to_value<SensorValueType::U_WORD_S>(registers);
+    case SensorValueType::S_WORD:
+      return registers_to_value<SensorValueType::S_WORD>(registers);
+    case SensorValueType::S_WORD_S:
+      return registers_to_value<SensorValueType::S_WORD_S>(registers);
+    case SensorValueType::U_DWORD:
+      return registers_to_value<SensorValueType::U_DWORD>(registers);
+    case SensorValueType::U_DWORD_R:
+      return registers_to_value<SensorValueType::U_DWORD_R>(registers);
+    case SensorValueType::S_DWORD:
+      return registers_to_value<SensorValueType::S_DWORD>(registers);
+    case SensorValueType::S_DWORD_R:
+      return registers_to_value<SensorValueType::S_DWORD_R>(registers);
+    case SensorValueType::FP32:
+      return registers_to_uint32(registers[0], registers[1]);
+    case SensorValueType::FP32_R:
+      return registers_to_uint32(registers[1], registers[0]);
+    // Signed for both: an unsigned QWORD above INT64_MAX has to come back as a negative int64_t.
+    case SensorValueType::U_QWORD:
+    case SensorValueType::S_QWORD:
+      return registers_to_value<SensorValueType::S_QWORD>(registers);
+    case SensorValueType::U_QWORD_R:
+    case SensorValueType::S_QWORD_R:
+      return registers_to_value<SensorValueType::S_QWORD_R>(registers);
+    default:
+      return 0;
   }
-  return payload_to_number(bytes, required_size, sensor_value_type, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF);
+}
+
+// Append a 16-bit value to a PDU in big-endian (wire) byte order.
+template<size_t CAP> static void append_pdu_word(StaticVector<uint8_t, CAP> &pdu, uint16_t value) {
+  pdu.push_back(value >> 8);
+  pdu.push_back(value >> 0);
 }
 
 // Every request PDU opens with the same 5-byte layout: function code, then two big-endian 16-bit
@@ -311,10 +352,8 @@ template<size_t CAP>
 static void append_pdu_header(StaticVector<uint8_t, CAP> &pdu, FunctionCode function_code, uint16_t first,
                               uint16_t second) {
   pdu.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(function_code));
-  pdu.push_back(first >> 8);
-  pdu.push_back(first >> 0);
-  pdu.push_back(second >> 8);
-  pdu.push_back(second >> 0);
+  append_pdu_word(pdu, first);
+  append_pdu_word(pdu, second);
 }
 
 // Zero the unused bits of a multi-coil write's final data byte, as the spec requires. Kept in one
@@ -333,7 +372,7 @@ ReadPdu create_read_pdu(FunctionCode function_code, uint16_t start_address, uint
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Number of entities is zero for function code %02X", static_cast<uint8_t>(function_code));
     return pdu;
   }
-  if (uint32_t(start_address) + number_of_entities > 0x10000u) {
+  if (!address_range_fits(start_address, number_of_entities)) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Read of %u entities at %u runs past the 16-bit address space, dropping request", number_of_entities,
              start_address);
     return pdu;
@@ -374,9 +413,7 @@ ReadPdu create_read_pdu(FunctionCode function_code, uint16_t start_address, uint
 PduBuffer create_client_pdu(FunctionCode function_code, uint16_t start_address, uint16_t number_of_entities,
                             const uint8_t *values, size_t values_len) {
   PduBuffer pdu;  // declared before every return so NRVO fires (all paths return the same object)
-  // Generic entry point; prefer the direction- and type-specific builders (create_read_pdu(),
-  // create_write_registers_pdu(), etc.) which bound their inputs per spec.
-  if (is_function_code_read(static_cast<uint8_t>(function_code))) {
+  if (is_function_code_read_only(static_cast<uint8_t>(function_code))) {
     if (values != nullptr || values_len > 0) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Values provided for read function code %02X, but will be ignored",
                static_cast<uint8_t>(function_code));
@@ -415,7 +452,7 @@ PduBuffer create_client_pdu(FunctionCode function_code, uint16_t start_address,
              static_cast<uint8_t>(function_code));
     return pdu;
   }
-  if (!is_single && uint32_t(start_address) + number_of_entities > 0x10000u) {
+  if (!is_single && !address_range_fits(start_address, number_of_entities)) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Write of %u entities at %u runs past the 16-bit address space, dropping request", number_of_entities,
              start_address);
     return pdu;
@@ -438,9 +475,7 @@ PduBuffer create_client_pdu(FunctionCode function_code, uint16_t start_address,
     return pdu;
   }
   // The quantity is spec-bounded above, so the data length just has to agree with it exactly
-  // (registers are 2 bytes each, coils pack 8 per byte). This is the same consistency the response
-  // dispatch enforces via is_client_pdu_standard(), so a frame built here can never be classified
-  // non-standard on reply, and the spec bound keeps the PDU within capacity by construction.
+  // (registers are 2 bytes each, coils pack 8 per byte).
   // Checked before the header append: a failed check must return an empty PDU, not a 5-byte partial one.
   const bool bits = function_code == FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS;
   const size_t expected_len = bits ? packed_bit_bytes(number_of_entities) : static_cast<size_t>(number_of_entities) * 2;
@@ -458,29 +493,75 @@ PduBuffer create_client_pdu(FunctionCode function_code, uint16_t start_address,
   return pdu;
 }
 
-PduBuffer create_write_registers_pdu(uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint16_t> values) {
-  PduBuffer pdu;  // declared before every return so NRVO fires (all paths return the same object)
-  if (values.empty()) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "No values provided for write multiple registers, dropping request");
-    return pdu;
+// Validate one register block for a client builder: a non-zero quantity within max_quantity that does not
+// run past the 16-bit address space (register count × 2 stays within MAX_PDU_SIZE as a result). On failure
+// it logs the reason and returns false, on which the caller returns an empty PDU. `role` names the block in
+// the log ("Read"/"Write"). Logging twin of quantity_in_range(): the same three predicates, split so each
+// failure names its reason, and taking size_t so an oversize span is caught before any narrowing.
+static bool register_block_in_range(const LogString *role, uint16_t start_address, size_t quantity,
+                                    uint16_t max_quantity) {
+  if (quantity == 0 || quantity > max_quantity) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "%s count %zu out of range [1, %u], dropping request", LOG_STR_ARG(role), quantity, max_quantity);
+    return false;
   }
-  // Byte count is registers × 2 (per spec); bounding the register count keeps the PDU within MAX_PDU_SIZE.
-  if (values.size() > MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "values.size() %zu exceeds maximum registers to write %u, dropping request", values.size(),
-             MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE);
-    return pdu;
+  if (!address_range_fits(start_address, quantity)) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "%s of %zu registers at %u runs past the 16-bit address space, dropping request", LOG_STR_ARG(role),
+             quantity, start_address);
+    return false;
   }
-  if (uint32_t(start_address) + values.size() > 0x10000u) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Write of %zu registers at %u runs past the 16-bit address space, dropping request", values.size(),
-             start_address);
+  return true;
+}
+
+// The ceiling comes from the buffer itself: push_back() drops silently, so a bound wider than the buffer
+// would put a truncated frame on the wire.
+template<typename Pdu> static Pdu build_write_registers_pdu(uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint16_t> values) {
+  constexpr auto max_registers = static_cast<uint16_t>((Pdu::capacity() - WRITE_MULTIPLE_HEADER_SIZE) / 2);
+  Pdu pdu;  // declared before every return so NRVO fires (all paths return the same object)
+  if (!register_block_in_range(LOG_STR("Write"), start_address, values.size(), max_registers)) {
     return pdu;
   }
   append_pdu_header(pdu, FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS, start_address, values.size());
   pdu.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(values.size() * 2));  // byte count
   for (auto v : values) {
-    auto decoded_value = decode_value(v);
-    pdu.push_back(decoded_value[0]);
-    pdu.push_back(decoded_value[1]);
+    append_pdu_word(pdu, v);
+  }
+  return pdu;
+}
+
+static_assert((PduBuffer::capacity() - WRITE_MULTIPLE_HEADER_SIZE) / 2 == MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE,
+              "a full-frame PDU must hold exactly MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE registers");
+static_assert((WriteFewRegistersPdu::capacity() - WRITE_MULTIPLE_HEADER_SIZE) / 2 == MAX_FEW_REGISTERS,
+              "the small write buffer must hold exactly MAX_FEW_REGISTERS registers");
+
+PduBuffer create_write_registers_pdu(uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint16_t> values) {
+  return build_write_registers_pdu<PduBuffer>(start_address, values);
+}
+
+WriteFewRegistersPdu create_write_few_registers_pdu(uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint16_t> values) {
+  return build_write_registers_pdu<WriteFewRegistersPdu>(start_address, values);
+}
+
+PduBuffer create_read_write_multiple_registers_pdu(uint16_t read_start_address, uint16_t read_count,
+                                                   uint16_t write_start_address,
+                                                   std::span<const uint16_t> write_values) {
+  PduBuffer pdu;
+  if (!register_block_in_range(LOG_STR("Read"), read_start_address, read_count, MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ)) {
+    return pdu;
+  }
+  if (!register_block_in_range(LOG_STR("Write"), write_start_address, write_values.size(),
+                               MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE_RW)) {
+    return pdu;
+  }
+  // fc + read start(2) + read qty(2) + write start(2) + write qty(2) + write byte count(1) + write values.
+  const auto write_count = static_cast<uint16_t>(write_values.size());
+  pdu.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::READ_WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS));
+  append_pdu_word(pdu, read_start_address);
+  append_pdu_word(pdu, read_count);
+  append_pdu_word(pdu, write_start_address);
+  append_pdu_word(pdu, write_count);
+  pdu.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(write_count * 2));  // byte count
+  for (auto v : write_values) {
+    append_pdu_word(pdu, v);
   }
   return pdu;
 }
@@ -510,7 +591,7 @@ static void build_write_coils_pdu(PduBuffer &pdu, uint16_t start_address, Packed
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "count %u exceeds maximum coils to write %u, dropping request", count, MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_WRITE);
     return;
   }
-  if (uint32_t(start_address) + count > 0x10000u) {
+  if (!address_range_fits(start_address, count)) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Write of %u coils at %u runs past the 16-bit address space, dropping request", count, start_address);
     return;
   }
@@ -534,23 +615,28 @@ PduBuffer create_write_coils_pdu(uint16_t start_address, PackedBits bits) {
   return pdu;
 }
 
-PduBuffer create_write_coils_pdu(uint16_t start_address, std::span<const bool> values) {
+// Shared by the two bool-container overloads: both index the same way, so the packing is written once.
+template<typename BoolContainer>
+static PduBuffer create_write_coils_pdu_from_bools(uint16_t start_address, const BoolContainer &values) {
   PduBuffer pdu;  // declared before every return so NRVO fires (all paths return the same object)
+  const size_t count = values.size();
   // Bound before packing so the transient buffer below cannot overflow; the shared core validates the rest.
-  if (values.size() > MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_WRITE) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "values.size() %zu exceeds maximum coils to write %u, dropping request", values.size(),
+  if (count > MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_WRITE) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "values.size() %zu exceeds maximum coils to write %u, dropping request", count,
              MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_WRITE);
     return pdu;
   }
-  StaticVector<uint8_t, packed_bit_bytes(MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_WRITE)> packed;
-  for (size_t i = 0; i != values.size(); i++) {
-    if (i % 8 == 0)
-      packed.push_back(0);
-    if (values[i])
-      packed[i / 8] |= (1 << (i % 8));
-  }
-  build_write_coils_pdu(pdu, start_address,
-                        PackedBits(std::span<const uint8_t>(packed.data(), packed.size()), values.size()));
+  CoilPackBuffer packed;
+  pack_bits(packed, values);
+  build_write_coils_pdu(pdu, start_address, PackedBits(std::span<const uint8_t>(packed.data(), packed.size()), count));
   return pdu;
 }
+
+PduBuffer create_write_coils_pdu(uint16_t start_address, std::span<const bool> values) {
+  return create_write_coils_pdu_from_bools(start_address, values);
+}
+
+PduBuffer create_write_coils_pdu(uint16_t start_address, const std::vector<bool> &values) {
+  return create_write_coils_pdu_from_bools(start_address, values);
+}
 }  // namespace esphome::modbus::helpers
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus/modbus_helpers.h b/esphome/components/modbus/modbus_helpers.h
index 36e3b6c7be..9488a88088 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus/modbus_helpers.h
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus/modbus_helpers.h
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@
 
 namespace esphome::modbus::helpers {
 
-inline bool is_function_code_read(uint8_t function_code) {
+// Pure read codes (0x01-0x04): they only read, so they are idempotent and safe to retry.
+inline bool is_function_code_read_only(uint8_t function_code) {
   FunctionCode masked_function_code = static_cast<FunctionCode>(function_code & FUNCTION_CODE_MASK);
   return masked_function_code == FunctionCode::READ_COILS ||
          masked_function_code == FunctionCode::READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS ||
@@ -19,12 +20,27 @@ inline bool is_function_code_read(uint8_t function_code) {
          masked_function_code == FunctionCode::READ_INPUT_REGISTERS;
 }
 
+// Codes whose response carries read-back data: the pure reads plus 0x17, which reads and writes at once.
+inline bool is_function_code_read(uint8_t function_code) {
+  return is_function_code_read_only(function_code) ||
+         static_cast<FunctionCode>(function_code & FUNCTION_CODE_MASK) == FunctionCode::READ_WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS;
+}
+
+// Codes that mutate registers or coils: the pure writes, 0x16 mask-write, and 0x17 read/write multiple.
 inline bool is_function_code_write(uint8_t function_code) {
   FunctionCode masked_function_code = static_cast<FunctionCode>(function_code & FUNCTION_CODE_MASK);
   return masked_function_code == FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL ||
          masked_function_code == FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER ||
          masked_function_code == FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS ||
-         masked_function_code == FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS;
+         masked_function_code == FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS ||
+         masked_function_code == FunctionCode::MASK_WRITE_REGISTER ||
+         masked_function_code == FunctionCode::READ_WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS;
+}
+
+// True if [start_address, start_address + count) fits within the 16-bit Modbus address space. The 32-bit
+// promotion is the overflow guard - a 16-bit sum could wrap and pass.
+inline bool address_range_fits(uint16_t start_address, size_t count) {
+  return uint32_t(start_address) + count <= 0x10000u;
 }
 
 inline bool is_function_code_exception(uint8_t function_code) {
@@ -39,6 +55,46 @@ inline bool is_function_code_custom(uint8_t function_code) {
           masked_function_code <= FUNCTION_CODE_USER_DEFINED_SPACE_2_END);
 }
 
+/// True for any function code whose frame length the parsers cannot predict - everything the
+/// server_pdu_length()/client_pdu_length() switches fall through to `default` on (keep the case list
+/// in step with those switches). Deliberately wider than is_function_code_custom(): the user-defined
+/// ranges are unknown to the parser too, but so are the assigned-but-unimplemented codes
+/// (READ_EXCEPTION_STATUS, DIAGNOSTICS, GET_COMM_EVENT_*, REPORT_SERVER_ID) and every unassigned value.
+/// Exception-flagged codes (0x80 set) are always the 2-byte spec exception shape, so never unknown.
+inline bool is_function_code_unknown_length(uint8_t function_code) {
+  if (is_function_code_exception(function_code))
+    return false;
+  switch (static_cast<FunctionCode>(function_code)) {
+    case FunctionCode::READ_COILS:
+    case FunctionCode::READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS:
+    case FunctionCode::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS:
+    case FunctionCode::READ_INPUT_REGISTERS:
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL:
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER:
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS:
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS:
+    case FunctionCode::READ_FILE_RECORD:
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_FILE_RECORD:
+    case FunctionCode::MASK_WRITE_REGISTER:
+    case FunctionCode::READ_WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS:
+    case FunctionCode::READ_FIFO_QUEUE:
+      return false;
+    default:
+      return true;
+  }
+}
+
+/// True when the underlying function code (exception bit masked off) may be broadcast (address 0).
+/// Refused: the reads (including read-write), plus every other code whose response length the parser
+/// knows (file record, FIFO). Allowed: the writes, and any code the parser does not know, since the
+/// hub cannot tell one of those apart from a vendor write.
+inline bool is_function_code_broadcastable(uint8_t function_code) {
+  uint8_t masked_function_code = function_code & FUNCTION_CODE_MASK;
+  if (is_function_code_read(masked_function_code))
+    return false;
+  return is_function_code_write(masked_function_code) || is_function_code_unknown_length(masked_function_code);
+}
+
 // Returns the expected length of a server response PDU based on the function code.
 // If too few bytes have arrived to determine the length, returns the minimum length. `size` is the
 // number of bytes available so far, which may exceed the eventual PDU (e.g. include the frame's CRC
@@ -90,8 +146,8 @@ inline uint8_t server_frame_data_offset(const uint8_t *frame, size_t size) {
 }
 
 /** Returns the payload portion of a server response PDU: the bytes after the function code, and for the
- * standard read responses (0x01-0x04) also after the byte-count byte. Responses to 0x14/0x17 also carry a
- * byte-count byte, but those codes are not implemented and their count byte is left in the payload. For
+ * read responses (0x01-0x04 and 0x17) also after the byte-count byte. Response 0x14 also carries a
+ * byte-count byte, but that code is not implemented and its count byte is left in the payload. For
  * an exception PDU the payload is the exception code byte (the read check must not see the masked
  * function code, or an exception-of-read would classify as a read and return an empty span). Returns an
  * empty span if the PDU is too short.
@@ -105,6 +161,50 @@ inline std::span<const uint8_t> server_pdu_payload(std::span<const uint8_t> pdu)
 
 inline uint8_t client_frame_data_offset(const uint8_t *, size_t) { return 2; }
 
+/** Extract data from modbus response buffer
+ * @param T one of supported integer data types int_8,int_16,int_32,int_64
+ * @param data modbus response buffer (uint8_t)
+ * @param buffer_offset  offset in bytes.
+ * @return value of type T extracted from buffer
+ */
+template<typename T> T get_data(const uint8_t *data, size_t buffer_offset) {
+  if (sizeof(T) == sizeof(uint8_t)) {
+    return T(data[buffer_offset]);
+  }
+  if (sizeof(T) == sizeof(uint16_t)) {
+    return T((uint16_t(data[buffer_offset + 0]) << 8) | (uint16_t(data[buffer_offset + 1]) << 0));
+  }
+  if (sizeof(T) == sizeof(uint32_t)) {
+    return static_cast<uint32_t>(get_data<uint16_t>(data, buffer_offset)) << 16 |
+           static_cast<uint32_t>(get_data<uint16_t>(data, buffer_offset + 2));
+  }
+  if (sizeof(T) == sizeof(uint64_t)) {
+    return static_cast<uint64_t>(get_data<uint32_t>(data, buffer_offset)) << 32 |
+           (static_cast<uint64_t>(get_data<uint32_t>(data, buffer_offset + 4)));
+  }
+  static_assert(sizeof(T) == sizeof(uint8_t) || sizeof(T) == sizeof(uint16_t) || sizeof(T) == sizeof(uint32_t) ||
+                    sizeof(T) == sizeof(uint64_t),
+                "Unsupported type size in get_data; only 1, 2, 4, or 8-byte integer types are supported.");
+  return T{};
+}
+
+/// Function code of a PDU, exception flag masked; 0 for an empty PDU.
+inline uint8_t pdu_function_code(std::span<const uint8_t> pdu) {
+  return pdu.empty() ? 0 : (pdu[0] & FUNCTION_CODE_MASK);
+}
+
+/// Start address of a standard client request PDU ([fc, addr_hi, addr_lo, ...]). Empty when the PDU is
+/// too short or its function code has no known layout - custom-frame bytes are not misread as an address.
+inline std::optional<uint16_t> client_pdu_start_address(std::span<const uint8_t> pdu) {
+  if (pdu.size() < 3 || is_function_code_unknown_length(pdu[0]))
+    return std::nullopt;
+  const auto fc = static_cast<FunctionCode>(pdu[0]);
+  // The file-record PDUs are known-length but carry a byte count, not a start address.
+  if (fc == FunctionCode::READ_FILE_RECORD || fc == FunctionCode::WRITE_FILE_RECORD)
+    return std::nullopt;
+  return get_data<uint16_t>(pdu.data(), 1);
+}
+
 enum class SensorValueType : uint8_t {
   RAW = 0x00,     // variable length
   U_WORD = 0x1,   // 1 Register unsigned
@@ -113,7 +213,7 @@ enum class SensorValueType : uint8_t {
   S_DWORD = 0x4,  // 2 Registers signed
   BIT = 0x5,
   U_DWORD_R = 0x6,  // 2 Registers unsigned
-  S_DWORD_R = 0x7,  // 2 Registers unsigned
+  S_DWORD_R = 0x7,  // 2 Registers signed
   U_QWORD = 0x8,
   S_QWORD = 0x9,
   U_QWORD_R = 0xA,
@@ -128,6 +228,26 @@ inline bool value_type_is_float(SensorValueType v) {
   return v == SensorValueType::FP32 || v == SensorValueType::FP32_R;
 }
 
+/// Number of 16-bit registers a value of this type occupies (RAW counts as one register).
+constexpr uint16_t register_width_for(SensorValueType v) {
+  switch (v) {
+    case SensorValueType::U_DWORD:
+    case SensorValueType::S_DWORD:
+    case SensorValueType::U_DWORD_R:
+    case SensorValueType::S_DWORD_R:
+    case SensorValueType::FP32:
+    case SensorValueType::FP32_R:
+      return 2;
+    case SensorValueType::U_QWORD:
+    case SensorValueType::S_QWORD:
+    case SensorValueType::U_QWORD_R:
+    case SensorValueType::S_QWORD_R:
+      return 4;
+    default:
+      return 1;
+  }
+}
+
 /// Coils and discrete inputs are the bit-addressed entity tables; the other types are 16-bit registers.
 inline bool is_entity_type_binary(EntityType type) {
   return type == EntityType::COIL || type == EntityType::DISCRETE_INPUT;
@@ -168,7 +288,7 @@ inline uint8_t c_to_hex(char c) { return (c >= 'A') ? (c >= 'a') ? (c - 'a' + 10
  *  byte_from_hex_str("1122", 1) returns uint_8 value 0x22 == 34
  *  byte_from_hex_str("1122", 0) returns 0x11
  * @param value string containing hex encoding
- * @param position  offset in bytes. Because each byte is encoded in 2 hex digits the position of the original byte in
+ * @param pos  offset in bytes. Because each byte is encoded in 2 hex digits the position of the original byte in
  * the hex string is byte_pos * 2
  * @return byte value
  */
@@ -180,8 +300,7 @@ inline uint8_t byte_from_hex_str(const std::string &value, uint8_t pos) {
 
 /** Get a word from a hex string
  * @param value string containing hex encoding
- * @param position  offset in bytes. Because each byte is encoded in 2 hex digits the position of the original byte in
- * the hex string is byte_pos * 2
+ * @param pos offset in bytes (see byte_from_hex_str)
  * @return word value
  */
 inline uint16_t word_from_hex_str(const std::string &value, uint8_t pos) {
@@ -190,8 +309,7 @@ inline uint16_t word_from_hex_str(const std::string &value, uint8_t pos) {
 
 /** Get a dword from a hex string
  * @param value string containing hex encoding
- * @param position  offset in bytes. Because each byte is encoded in 2 hex digits the position of the original byte in
- * the hex string is byte_pos * 2
+ * @param pos offset in bytes (see byte_from_hex_str)
  * @return dword value
  */
 inline uint32_t dword_from_hex_str(const std::string &value, uint8_t pos) {
@@ -200,42 +318,13 @@ inline uint32_t dword_from_hex_str(const std::string &value, uint8_t pos) {
 
 /** Get a qword from a hex string
  * @param value string containing hex encoding
- * @param position  offset in bytes. Because each byte is encoded in 2 hex digits the position of the original byte in
- * the hex string is byte_pos * 2
+ * @param pos offset in bytes (see byte_from_hex_str)
  * @return qword value
  */
 inline uint64_t qword_from_hex_str(const std::string &value, uint8_t pos) {
   return static_cast<uint64_t>(dword_from_hex_str(value, pos)) << 32 | dword_from_hex_str(value, pos + 4);
 }
 
-// Extract data from modbus response buffer
-/** Extract data from modbus response buffer
- * @param T one of supported integer data types int_8,int_16,int_32,int_64
- * @param data modbus response buffer (uint8_t)
- * @param buffer_offset  offset in bytes.
- * @return value of type T extracted from buffer
- */
-template<typename T> T get_data(const uint8_t *data, size_t buffer_offset) {
-  if (sizeof(T) == sizeof(uint8_t)) {
-    return T(data[buffer_offset]);
-  }
-  if (sizeof(T) == sizeof(uint16_t)) {
-    return T((uint16_t(data[buffer_offset + 0]) << 8) | (uint16_t(data[buffer_offset + 1]) << 0));
-  }
-  if (sizeof(T) == sizeof(uint32_t)) {
-    return static_cast<uint32_t>(get_data<uint16_t>(data, buffer_offset)) << 16 |
-           static_cast<uint32_t>(get_data<uint16_t>(data, buffer_offset + 2));
-  }
-  if (sizeof(T) == sizeof(uint64_t)) {
-    return static_cast<uint64_t>(get_data<uint32_t>(data, buffer_offset)) << 32 |
-           (static_cast<uint64_t>(get_data<uint32_t>(data, buffer_offset + 4)));
-  }
-  static_assert(sizeof(T) == sizeof(uint8_t) || sizeof(T) == sizeof(uint16_t) || sizeof(T) == sizeof(uint32_t) ||
-                    sizeof(T) == sizeof(uint64_t),
-                "Unsupported type size in get_data; only 1, 2, 4, or 8-byte integer types are supported.");
-  return T{};
-}
-
 template<typename T> T get_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data, size_t buffer_offset) {
   return get_data<T>(data.data(), buffer_offset);
 }
@@ -244,9 +333,9 @@ template<typename T> T get_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data, size_t buffer_
  * Responses for coil are packed into bytes .
  * coil 3 is bit 3 of the first response byte
  * coil 9 is bit 2 of the second response byte
- * @param coil number of the cil
+ * @param bit index of the bit to extract
  * @param data modbus response buffer (uint8_t)
- * @return content of coil register
+ * @return value of the requested bit
  */
 inline bool bit_from_packed(int bit, std::span<const uint8_t> data) {
   auto data_byte = bit / 8;
@@ -257,6 +346,29 @@ inline bool bit_from_packed(int bit, std::span<const uint8_t> data) {
 ESPDEPRECATED("Use bit_from_packed() instead. Removed in 2027.2.0", "2026.8.0")
 inline bool coil_from_vector(int coil, std::span<const uint8_t> data) { return bit_from_packed(coil, data); }
 
+/** Append packed bytes (LSB first) for the given bits onto a growable byte container.
+ * push_back-based so callers can build a payload incrementally (e.g. a std::vector<uint8_t>
+ * with no fixed upper bound). A non-byte-aligned count appends n+1 bytes, the last holding
+ * the remaining bits in its low positions.
+ * @param out destination byte container exposing push_back(uint8_t)
+ * @param bits container of bool exposing range-based iteration
+ */
+template<typename Out, typename Bits> void pack_bits(Out &out, const Bits &bits) {
+  uint8_t byte = 0;
+  uint8_t bit = 0;
+  for (bool b : bits) {
+    if (b)
+      byte |= (1 << bit);
+    if (++bit == 8) {
+      out.push_back(byte);
+      byte = 0;
+      bit = 0;
+    }
+  }
+  if (bit != 0)  // flush the final partial byte
+    out.push_back(byte);
+}
+
 /** Extract bits from value and shift right according to the bitmask
  * if the bitmask is 0x00F0  we want the values frrom bit 5 - 8.
  * the result is then shifted right by the position if the first right set bit in the mask
@@ -361,11 +473,98 @@ inline int64_t payload_to_number(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data, SensorValueTy
  */
 std::optional<int64_t> registers_to_number(const uint16_t *registers, size_t count, SensorValueType sensor_value_type);
 
+/// Combine two register words into a 32-bit value.
+constexpr uint32_t registers_to_uint32(uint16_t high_word, uint16_t low_word) {
+  return (static_cast<uint32_t>(high_word) << 16) | low_word;
+}
+
+/// Combine four register words into a 64-bit value, most significant word first.
+constexpr uint64_t registers_to_uint64(uint16_t word0, uint16_t word1, uint16_t word2, uint16_t word3) {
+  return (static_cast<uint64_t>(registers_to_uint32(word0, word1)) << 32) | registers_to_uint32(word2, word3);
+}
+
+// Always false, whatever the type: it exists only to make the static_assert below depend on the
+// template argument. Not a queryable trait.
+template<SensorValueType> inline constexpr bool VALUE_TYPE_SUPPORTED = false;
+
+/** Decode one value whose type is known at compile time, from registers in host byte order.
+ * Unlike registers_to_number(), the type is a template argument, so only the one decode is compiled
+ * and the caller gets the value's natural type back rather than an int64_t. The "_R" types take the
+ * low word first; the rest take the high word first.
+ * Supports every fixed-width type: the WORD, DWORD, QWORD and FP32 families, including their _S and
+ * _R forms. RAW and BIT have no fixed width and fail to compile.
+ * Use register_width_for() for the number of registers the caller must supply.
+ * Note that the FP32 branches are only usable in a constant expression where std::bit_cast is
+ * available; elsewhere bit_cast falls back to a non-constexpr memcpy (see core/helpers.h).
+ */
+template<SensorValueType VALUE_TYPE> constexpr auto registers_to_value(const uint16_t *registers) {
+  if constexpr (VALUE_TYPE == SensorValueType::U_WORD) {
+    return registers[0];
+  } else if constexpr (VALUE_TYPE == SensorValueType::S_WORD) {
+    return static_cast<int16_t>(registers[0]);
+  } else if constexpr (VALUE_TYPE == SensorValueType::U_WORD_S) {
+    return byteswap(registers[0]);
+  } else if constexpr (VALUE_TYPE == SensorValueType::S_WORD_S) {
+    return static_cast<int16_t>(byteswap(registers[0]));
+  } else if constexpr (VALUE_TYPE == SensorValueType::U_DWORD) {
+    return registers_to_uint32(registers[0], registers[1]);
+  } else if constexpr (VALUE_TYPE == SensorValueType::U_DWORD_R) {
+    return registers_to_uint32(registers[1], registers[0]);
+  } else if constexpr (VALUE_TYPE == SensorValueType::S_DWORD) {
+    return static_cast<int32_t>(registers_to_uint32(registers[0], registers[1]));
+  } else if constexpr (VALUE_TYPE == SensorValueType::S_DWORD_R) {
+    return static_cast<int32_t>(registers_to_uint32(registers[1], registers[0]));
+  } else if constexpr (VALUE_TYPE == SensorValueType::FP32) {
+    return bit_cast<float>(registers_to_uint32(registers[0], registers[1]));
+  } else if constexpr (VALUE_TYPE == SensorValueType::FP32_R) {
+    return bit_cast<float>(registers_to_uint32(registers[1], registers[0]));
+  } else if constexpr (VALUE_TYPE == SensorValueType::U_QWORD) {
+    return registers_to_uint64(registers[0], registers[1], registers[2], registers[3]);
+  } else if constexpr (VALUE_TYPE == SensorValueType::U_QWORD_R) {
+    return registers_to_uint64(registers[3], registers[2], registers[1], registers[0]);
+  } else if constexpr (VALUE_TYPE == SensorValueType::S_QWORD) {
+    return static_cast<int64_t>(registers_to_uint64(registers[0], registers[1], registers[2], registers[3]));
+  } else if constexpr (VALUE_TYPE == SensorValueType::S_QWORD_R) {
+    return static_cast<int64_t>(registers_to_uint64(registers[3], registers[2], registers[1], registers[0]));
+  } else {
+    static_assert(VALUE_TYPE_SUPPORTED<VALUE_TYPE>, "registers_to_value() does not support this value type");
+  }
+}
+
+/// The type registers_to_value() yields for a given value type. Distinct from modbus::RegisterValues,
+/// which is a container of raw words.
+template<SensorValueType VALUE_TYPE>
+using RegisterValueType = decltype(registers_to_value<VALUE_TYPE>(static_cast<const uint16_t *>(nullptr)));
+
+/** The value stored at an absolute register address, or nullopt when it is not wholly inside this
+ * response. Lets a device decode by address rather than by offset, so a poll split across several
+ * requests needs no extra bookkeeping: a value outside the response simply yields nullopt.
+ * @param registers the response registers, in host byte order
+ * @param start_address the address the response begins at
+ * @param address the address of the wanted value
+ */
+template<SensorValueType VALUE_TYPE>
+constexpr std::optional<RegisterValueType<VALUE_TYPE>> value_at(std::span<const uint16_t> registers,
+                                                                uint16_t start_address, uint16_t address) {
+  if (address < start_address)
+    return std::nullopt;
+  const size_t offset = static_cast<size_t>(address) - start_address;
+  if (offset + register_width_for(VALUE_TYPE) > registers.size())
+    return std::nullopt;
+  return registers_to_value<VALUE_TYPE>(registers.data() + offset);
+}
+
+/// The widest standard numeric value (a QWORD) spans 4 registers, so one entity value never writes more.
+static constexpr uint16_t MAX_FEW_REGISTERS = 4;
+
 // Named PDU buffer types: the builders' storage strategy (currently stack-allocated StaticVector,
 // right-sized per shape) can be swapped in one place without touching every signature.
 using PduBuffer = StaticVector<uint8_t, MAX_PDU_SIZE>;
 using ReadPdu = StaticVector<uint8_t, READ_PDU_SIZE>;
 using WriteSinglePdu = StaticVector<uint8_t, WRITE_SINGLE_PDU_SIZE>;
+using WriteFewRegistersPdu = StaticVector<uint8_t, WRITE_MULTIPLE_HEADER_SIZE + 2 * MAX_FEW_REGISTERS>;
+/// Scratch space for packing coils into wire layout: one bit per coil, sized for the spec maximum.
+using CoilPackBuffer = StaticVector<uint8_t, packed_bit_bytes(MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_WRITE)>;
 
 /** Create a modbus read request PDU.
  * @param function_code one of READ_COILS, READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS, READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS, READ_INPUT_REGISTERS
@@ -407,6 +606,30 @@ PduBuffer create_client_pdu(FunctionCode function_code, uint16_t start_address,
  */
 PduBuffer create_write_registers_pdu(uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint16_t> values);
 
+/** Create modbus write multiple registers command (function 0x10) on a right-sized stack buffer.
+ * Identical wire bytes to create_write_registers_pdu() for any accepted input.
+ * @param start_address modbus address of the first register to write
+ * @param values register values to write, at most MAX_FEW_REGISTERS (an over-long or empty set is
+ *               rejected and an empty PDU is returned)
+ * @return PDU (function code + data, no address, no CRC)
+ */
+WriteFewRegistersPdu create_write_few_registers_pdu(uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint16_t> values);
+
+/** Create modbus read/write multiple registers command
+ *  Function 0x17 Read/Write Multiple Registers
+ * Writes write_values then reads read_count registers in one transaction (write first, per Modbus 6.17);
+ * the response carries only the read registers.
+ * @param read_start_address modbus address of the first register to read back
+ * @param read_count number of registers to read (at most MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ)
+ * @param write_start_address modbus address of the first register to write
+ * @param write_values register values to write; the register count is write_values.size() (at most
+ *               MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE_RW). Any contiguous uint16_t container converts.
+ * @return PDU (function code + data, no address, no CRC); an empty PDU on any out-of-range input
+ */
+PduBuffer create_read_write_multiple_registers_pdu(uint16_t read_start_address, uint16_t read_count,
+                                                   uint16_t write_start_address,
+                                                   std::span<const uint16_t> write_values);
+
 /** Create modbus write single register command
  *  Function 0x06 Write Single Register
  * @param start_address modbus address of the register to write
@@ -427,12 +650,22 @@ WriteSinglePdu create_write_single_coil_pdu(uint16_t address, bool value);
  *  Function 0x0F Write Multiple Coils
  * @param start_address modbus address of the first coil to write
  * @param values coil values to write; the coil count is values.size() (at most MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_WRITE, an
- *               over-long set is rejected and an empty PDU is returned). Note std::vector<bool> is bit-packed and
- *               does not convert to a span; pass a std::array<bool, N> or other contiguous bool container.
+ *               over-long set is rejected and an empty PDU is returned)
  * @return PDU (function code + data, no address, no CRC)
  */
 PduBuffer create_write_coils_pdu(uint16_t start_address, std::span<const bool> values);
 
+/** Create modbus write multiple coils command (function 0x0F) from a std::vector<bool>.
+ * Prefer the span overload above whenever the coils are already in contiguous storage - a std::array<bool, N>
+ * or any other contiguous bool container converts to it. This overload exists only because std::vector<bool>
+ * is bit-packed and so cannot convert to a span; without it every caller holding one re-implements the packing.
+ * @param start_address modbus address of the first coil to write
+ * @param values coil values to write; the coil count is values.size() (at most MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_WRITE, an
+ *               over-long set is rejected and an empty PDU is returned)
+ * @return PDU (function code + data, no address, no CRC)
+ */
+PduBuffer create_write_coils_pdu(uint16_t start_address, const std::vector<bool> &values);
+
 /** Create modbus write multiple coils command (function 0x0F) from bits packed as on the wire.
  * @param start_address modbus address of the first coil to write
  * @param bits PackedBits view of the coils to write (at most MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_WRITE); invalid
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_client/__init__.py b/esphome/components/modbus_client/__init__.py
index e8a75a1b6c..a59eb91066 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_client/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_client/__init__.py
@@ -1,24 +1,70 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import modbus
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ADDRESS, CONF_ON_ERROR, CONF_ON_RESPONSE
-from esphome.core import Lambda
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ADDRESS,
+    CONF_CONTINUOUS,
+    CONF_COUNT,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_ON_ERROR,
+    CONF_ON_RESPONSE,
+    CONF_VALUE,
+)
+from esphome.core import ID, Lambda
 from esphome.types import ConfigType, TemplateArgsType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@exciton"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["modbus"]
+MULTI_CONF = True
+# The modbus hub auto-loads this component to make the actions available. Without this, that auto-load
+# would try to create a device with no address.
+MULTI_CONF_NO_DEFAULT = True
 
+CONF_ON_CUSTOM_RESPONSE = "on_custom_response"
 CONF_ON_NO_RESPONSE = "on_no_response"
 CONF_ON_NOT_SENT = "on_not_sent"
 CONF_ON_SENT = "on_sent"
 CONF_PDU = "pdu"
+CONF_READ_ADDRESS = "read_address"
+CONF_READ_COUNT = "read_count"
 CONF_RETRY = "retry"
+CONF_START_ADDRESS = "start_address"
+CONF_VALUES = "values"
+CONF_WRITE_ADDRESS = "write_address"
 
 modbus_client_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("modbus_client")
 ModbusClientSendAction = modbus_client_ns.class_(
     "ModbusClientSendAction", automation.Action, modbus.ModbusClientDevice
 )
+ReadRegistersAction = modbus_client_ns.class_(
+    "ReadRegistersAction", automation.Action, modbus.ModbusClientDevice
+)
+WriteSingleRegisterAction = modbus_client_ns.class_(
+    "WriteSingleRegisterAction", automation.Action, modbus.ModbusClientDevice
+)
+WriteSingleCoilAction = modbus_client_ns.class_(
+    "WriteSingleCoilAction", automation.Action, modbus.ModbusClientDevice
+)
+ReadBitsAction = modbus_client_ns.class_(
+    "ReadBitsAction", automation.Action, modbus.ModbusClientDevice
+)
+
+WriteMultipleRegistersAction = modbus_client_ns.class_(
+    "WriteMultipleRegistersAction", automation.Action, modbus.ModbusClientDevice
+)
+WriteMultipleCoilsAction = modbus_client_ns.class_(
+    "WriteMultipleCoilsAction", automation.Action, modbus.ModbusClientDevice
+)
+ReadWriteMultipleRegistersAction = modbus_client_ns.class_(
+    "ReadWriteMultipleRegistersAction", automation.Action, modbus.ModbusClientDevice
+)
+
+# Packed bit view delivered to read_coils / read_discrete_inputs on_response handlers.
+PackedBits = modbus.modbus_ns.class_("PackedBits")
 
 # The exception code passed to on_error handlers.
 ExceptionCode = modbus.modbus_ns.enum("ExceptionCode")
@@ -33,6 +79,39 @@ _PDU_SPAN = cg.std_span.template(cg.uint8.operator("const"))
 # modbus.MAX_PDU_SIZE without reporting it, so an over-long lambda PDU is silently truncated.
 _PDU_BUFFER = modbus.modbus_ns.namespace("helpers").class_("PduBuffer")
 
+# A bare modbus::ModbusClientDevice bound to a hub and a device address, and nothing else - no polling,
+# no entities, no automation wiring. It exists so a lambda can talk to a device directly:
+#
+#   modbus_client:
+#     - id: my_client
+#       address: 0x01
+#
+#   - lambda: "id(my_client).write_single_register(0x10, 42);"
+#
+# Nothing here overrides the device callbacks, so every outcome takes the base class default, and those
+# are no-ops: a successful reply, a Modbus exception, a timeout, and a frame that never reached the wire
+# are all discarded without a log. The single exception is a reply the dispatch gate treats as
+# non-standard, which warns once per device and logs at VERBOSE after that. So a lambda gets no feedback
+# on an ordinary failure - use the modbus_client.* actions whenever the outcome matters, since they carry
+# on_response/on_error/on_no_response/on_not_sent handlers.
+# The id is required, not generated: the device is reachable only through id() in a lambda, so an
+# entry without one builds something nothing can name. Better to say so than to accept dead config.
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(modbus.ModbusClientDevice),
+    }
+).extend(modbus.modbus_device_schema(None))
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await modbus.register_modbus_client_device(var, config)
+
+
+def _packed_bit_bytes(bits: int) -> int:
+    """Mirrors modbus::packed_bit_bytes(): bytes needed to hold this many coils on the wire."""
+    return (bits + 7) // 8
+
 
 def _synchronous_handler(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     """Reject deferring actions in a handler: its PDU spans point into hub buffers that are reused
@@ -78,16 +157,39 @@ _ACTION_BASE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     }
 )
 
-MODBUS_CLIENT_SEND_SCHEMA = _ACTION_BASE_SCHEMA.extend(
-    {
-        cv.Required(CONF_PDU): cv.templatable(
-            cv.All(
-                cv.ensure_list(cv.hex_uint8_t),
-                cv.Length(min=1, max=modbus.MAX_PDU_SIZE),
-            )
-        ),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_RESPONSE): _handler_schema(),
-    }
+
+def _no_continuous_on_write(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """Reject `continuous: true` on a static write PDU: continuous polling only applies to reads.
+    Only the fully-static case is decidable here; the hub strips the flag from mutating PDUs at
+    runtime, so a templated pdu or continuous falls through to that backstop."""
+    pdu = config[CONF_PDU]
+    if (
+        isinstance(pdu, list)
+        and config.get(CONF_CONTINUOUS) is True
+        and modbus.is_function_code_write(pdu[0])
+    ):
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"'{CONF_CONTINUOUS}: true' does not apply to a write PDU (function code "
+            f"0x{pdu[0]:02X}); continuous polling only applies to reads",
+            path=[CONF_CONTINUOUS],
+        )
+    return config
+
+
+MODBUS_CLIENT_SEND_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    _ACTION_BASE_SCHEMA.extend(
+        {
+            cv.Required(CONF_PDU): cv.templatable(
+                cv.All(
+                    cv.ensure_list(cv.hex_uint8_t),
+                    cv.Length(min=1, max=modbus.MAX_PDU_SIZE),
+                )
+            ),
+            **modbus.command_options_schema(direction="read", templatable=True),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ON_RESPONSE): _handler_schema(),
+        }
+    ),
+    _no_continuous_on_write,
 )
 
 
@@ -96,6 +198,7 @@ async def register_client_action(
     config: ConfigType,
     args: TemplateArgsType,
     response_args: TemplateArgsType,
+    command_direction: str = "read",
 ) -> cg.MockObj:
     """Wire the shared action plumbing: hub parent, templated device address, outcome triggers.
 
@@ -108,6 +211,11 @@ async def register_client_action(
             await cg.templatable(config[CONF_ADDRESS], args, cg.uint8)
         )
     )
+    # Present for every typed action and absent from modbus_client.send, which has a pdu instead.
+    if (start_address := config.get(CONF_START_ADDRESS)) is not None:
+        cg.add(
+            var.set_start_address(await cg.templatable(start_address, args, cg.uint16))
+        )
     if sent_conf := config.get(CONF_ON_SENT):
         await automation.build_automation(
             var.get_sent_trigger(), [(_PDU_SPAN, "request")], sent_conf
@@ -116,6 +224,15 @@ async def register_client_action(
         await automation.build_automation(
             var.get_response_trigger(), response_args, response_conf
         )
+    if custom_conf := config.get(CONF_ON_CUSTOM_RESPONSE):
+        # Tell the action a handler exists; without this it falls back to the base's warn-once log so an
+        # unhandled diverted reply is still reported instead of firing an empty trigger.
+        cg.add(var.set_custom_response_handled())
+        await automation.build_automation(
+            var.get_custom_response_trigger(),
+            [(_PDU_SPAN, "request"), (_PDU_SPAN, "response")],
+            custom_conf,
+        )
     if error_conf := config.get(CONF_ON_ERROR):
         await automation.build_automation(
             var.get_error_trigger(),
@@ -143,6 +260,12 @@ async def register_client_action(
         await automation.build_automation(
             var.get_not_sent_trigger(), [(_PDU_SPAN, "request")], not_sent_conf
         )
+    # Wire any command options the action's schema opted into (e.g. continuous on reads). Pass the
+    # matching direction so a write action never generates a read option's setter; the write side
+    # has no options yet, so this is a no-op there.
+    await modbus.register_templatable_command_options(
+        var, config, args, command_direction
+    )
     return var
 
 
@@ -162,3 +285,300 @@ async def modbus_client_send_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
         args,
         [(_PDU_SPAN, "request"), (_PDU_SPAN, "response")],
     )
+
+
+# --- Typed actions: request PDUs come from the device base's typed senders, replies from its dispatch,
+# --- so on_response delivers decoded arguments (host-order words) instead of raw PDU spans.
+
+_REGISTER_SPAN = cg.std_span.template(cg.uint16.operator("const"))
+
+# The reply-handler pair every typed-dispatch action reports through. Kept in one place so the
+# read/write-multiple schema (which cannot require start_address) shares it instead of drifting.
+# Both use _handler_schema(): the decoded arguments (values span, bits view) point at buffers the hub
+# reuses once the handler returns, so a deferring action would resume on freed memory. A reply the
+# dispatch gate diverts (not a standard-conformant transaction) arrives at on_custom_response with the
+# raw request/response PDUs; real device exceptions still arrive via on_error.
+_REPLY_HANDLERS_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_RESPONSE): _handler_schema(),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_CUSTOM_RESPONSE): _handler_schema(),
+    }
+)
+
+# Every typed action addresses a register or coil range and reports through the shared reply handlers.
+_TYPED_ACTION_SCHEMA = _ACTION_BASE_SCHEMA.extend(_REPLY_HANDLERS_SCHEMA).extend(
+    {
+        cv.Required(CONF_START_ADDRESS): cv.templatable(cv.hex_uint16_t),
+    }
+)
+
+
+def _no_address_overflow(
+    count_key: str, address_key: str = CONF_START_ADDRESS
+) -> Callable[[ConfigType], ConfigType]:
+    """Reject a range that runs past the 16-bit address space, which the device could never answer.
+
+    Only literal configurations can be checked: either operand may be a lambda, and its value is not known
+    until play(). The PDU builders repeat this check at runtime, so the lambda case is still rejected and
+    logged - just later.
+    """
+
+    def validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+        start = config[address_key]
+        count = config[count_key]
+        if isinstance(start, Lambda) or isinstance(count, Lambda):
+            return config
+        # A count key holds a number; a values key holds the list whose length is the count.
+        length = count if isinstance(count, int) else len(count)
+        if start + length > 0x10000:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"{address_key} 0x{start:04X} plus {length} entities runs past the end of the "
+                f"16-bit address space (last addressable entity is 0xFFFF)",
+                path=[address_key],
+            )
+        return config
+
+    return validate
+
+
+def _read_schema(max_count: int) -> cv.All:
+    """Read action schema. The spec sets the read ceiling per function code, so each one passes its own."""
+    return cv.All(
+        _TYPED_ACTION_SCHEMA.extend(
+            {
+                cv.Optional(CONF_COUNT, default=1): cv.templatable(
+                    cv.int_range(min=1, max=max_count)
+                ),
+                **modbus.command_options_schema(direction="read", templatable=True),
+            }
+        ),
+        _no_address_overflow(CONF_COUNT),
+    )
+
+
+def _write_multiple_schema(item: Callable[[Any], Any], max_values: int) -> cv.All:
+    """Multi-write action schema, differing only in the element type and the spec's per-function limit."""
+    return cv.All(
+        _TYPED_ACTION_SCHEMA.extend(
+            {
+                cv.Required(CONF_VALUES): cv.templatable(
+                    cv.All(cv.ensure_list(item), cv.Length(min=1, max=max_values))
+                ),
+            }
+        ),
+        _no_address_overflow(CONF_VALUES),
+    )
+
+
+_READ_REGISTERS_SCHEMA = _read_schema(modbus.MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ)
+
+_WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER_SCHEMA = _TYPED_ACTION_SCHEMA.extend(
+    {cv.Required(CONF_VALUE): cv.templatable(cv.hex_uint16_t)}
+)
+
+# A coil is one bit, so the value is a boolean - the wire only carries 0x0000 or 0xFF00.
+_WRITE_SINGLE_COIL_SCHEMA = _TYPED_ACTION_SCHEMA.extend(
+    {cv.Required(CONF_VALUE): cv.templatable(cv.boolean)}
+)
+
+
+async def _read_registers_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args, holding):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, holding)
+    cg.add(var.set_count(await cg.templatable(config[CONF_COUNT], args, cg.uint16)))
+    return await register_client_action(var, config, args, [(_REGISTER_SPAN, "values")])
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "modbus_client.read_holding_registers",
+    ReadRegistersAction,
+    _READ_REGISTERS_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def read_holding_registers_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    return await _read_registers_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args, True)
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "modbus_client.read_input_registers",
+    ReadRegistersAction,
+    _READ_REGISTERS_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def read_input_registers_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    return await _read_registers_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args, False)
+
+
+async def _write_single_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args, value_type):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
+    cg.add(var.set_value(await cg.templatable(config[CONF_VALUE], args, value_type)))
+    return await register_client_action(
+        var, config, args, [], command_direction="write"
+    )
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "modbus_client.write_single_register",
+    WriteSingleRegisterAction,
+    _WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def write_single_register_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    return await _write_single_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args, cg.uint16)
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "modbus_client.write_single_coil",
+    WriteSingleCoilAction,
+    _WRITE_SINGLE_COIL_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def write_single_coil_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    return await _write_single_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args, cg.bool_)
+
+
+_READ_COILS_SCHEMA = _read_schema(modbus.MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_READ)
+_READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS_SCHEMA = _read_schema(modbus.MAX_NUM_OF_DISCRETE_INPUTS_TO_READ)
+
+
+async def _read_bits_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args, coils):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, coils)
+    cg.add(var.set_count(await cg.templatable(config[CONF_COUNT], args, cg.uint16)))
+    return await register_client_action(var, config, args, [(PackedBits, "bits")])
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "modbus_client.read_coils",
+    ReadBitsAction,
+    _READ_COILS_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def read_coils_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    return await _read_bits_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args, True)
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "modbus_client.read_discrete_inputs",
+    ReadBitsAction,
+    _READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def read_discrete_inputs_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    return await _read_bits_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args, False)
+
+
+_WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS_SCHEMA = _write_multiple_schema(
+    cv.hex_uint16_t, modbus.MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE
+)
+
+_WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS_SCHEMA = _write_multiple_schema(
+    cv.boolean, modbus.MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_WRITE
+)
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "modbus_client.write_multiple_registers",
+    WriteMultipleRegistersAction,
+    _WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def write_multiple_registers_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
+    values = config[CONF_VALUES]
+    if cg.is_template(values):
+        templ = await cg.templatable(values, args, cg.std_vector.template(cg.uint16))
+        cg.add(var.set_values_template(templ))
+    else:
+        # A static list goes to flash, so play() sends straight from there without allocating.
+        arr_id = ID(f"{action_id}_values", is_declaration=True, type=cg.uint16)
+        arr = cg.static_const_array(arr_id, cg.ArrayInitializer(*values))
+        cg.add(var.set_values_static(arr, len(values)))
+    return await register_client_action(
+        var, config, args, [], command_direction="write"
+    )
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "modbus_client.write_multiple_coils",
+    WriteMultipleCoilsAction,
+    _WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def write_multiple_coils_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
+    values = config[CONF_VALUES]
+    if cg.is_template(values):
+        templ = await cg.templatable(values, args, cg.std_vector.template(cg.bool_))
+        cg.add(var.set_values_template(templ))
+    else:
+        # Pack to wire layout (LSB first) here, so the runtime neither allocates nor packs.
+        packed = bytearray(_packed_bit_bytes(len(values)))
+        for i, coil in enumerate(values):
+            if coil:
+                packed[i // 8] |= 1 << (i % 8)
+        arr_id = ID(f"{action_id}_values", is_declaration=True, type=cg.uint8)
+        arr = cg.static_const_array(arr_id, cg.ArrayInitializer(*packed))
+        cg.add(var.set_values_static(arr, len(values)))
+    return await register_client_action(
+        var, config, args, [], command_direction="write"
+    )
+
+
+# Read/write multiple registers (FC 0x17) writes one register block and reads another in a single
+# transaction, so it has two address ranges and uses read_address/write_address instead of start_address.
+# Note the two meanings of `values`: here it is the block being WRITTEN, while in on_response the lambda
+# argument `values` is the block that was READ BACK (host-order words, the same shape as
+# read_holding_registers, so a caller can feed it through the same handler).
+_READ_WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    _ACTION_BASE_SCHEMA.extend(_REPLY_HANDLERS_SCHEMA).extend(
+        {
+            cv.Required(CONF_READ_ADDRESS): cv.templatable(cv.hex_uint16_t),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_READ_COUNT, default=1): cv.templatable(
+                cv.int_range(min=1, max=modbus.MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ)
+            ),
+            cv.Required(CONF_WRITE_ADDRESS): cv.templatable(cv.hex_uint16_t),
+            cv.Required(CONF_VALUES): cv.templatable(
+                cv.All(
+                    cv.ensure_list(cv.hex_uint16_t),
+                    cv.Length(min=1, max=modbus.MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE_RW),
+                )
+            ),
+        }
+    ),
+    _no_address_overflow(CONF_READ_COUNT, CONF_READ_ADDRESS),
+    _no_address_overflow(CONF_VALUES, CONF_WRITE_ADDRESS),
+)
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "modbus_client.read_write_multiple_registers",
+    ReadWriteMultipleRegistersAction,
+    _READ_WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def read_write_multiple_registers_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
+    cg.add(
+        var.set_read_address(
+            await cg.templatable(config[CONF_READ_ADDRESS], args, cg.uint16)
+        )
+    )
+    cg.add(
+        var.set_read_count(
+            await cg.templatable(config[CONF_READ_COUNT], args, cg.uint16)
+        )
+    )
+    cg.add(
+        var.set_write_address(
+            await cg.templatable(config[CONF_WRITE_ADDRESS], args, cg.uint16)
+        )
+    )
+    values = config[CONF_VALUES]
+    if cg.is_template(values):
+        templ = await cg.templatable(values, args, cg.std_vector.template(cg.uint16))
+        cg.add(var.set_values_template(templ))
+    else:
+        # A static list goes to flash, so play() sends straight from there without allocating.
+        arr_id = ID(f"{action_id}_values", is_declaration=True, type=cg.uint16)
+        arr = cg.static_const_array(arr_id, cg.ArrayInitializer(*values))
+        cg.add(var.set_values_static(arr, len(values)))
+    return await register_client_action(var, config, args, [(_REGISTER_SPAN, "values")])
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_client/modbus_client.h b/esphome/components/modbus_client/modbus_client.h
index d4b3792a5f..03744239a9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_client/modbus_client.h
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_client/modbus_client.h
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 
 #include <span>
+#include <vector>
 
 namespace esphome::modbus_client {
 
@@ -32,7 +33,11 @@ template<typename... Ts> class ClientActionBase : public Action<Ts...>, public m
   /// The frame was written to the wire: fires once per transmission, before any reply, and never for a
   /// send that ended in on_not_sent. request_pdu is the PDU sent (function code + data).
   void on_sent(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) override { this->sent_trigger_.trigger(request_pdu); }
-  /// Never reached the wire (tx queue full, cleared, or a duplicate write dropped by the hub's dedup).
+  /// Never reached the wire, from either of two sources. The hub calls this for a request it accepted
+  /// and then dropped, which happens only when clear_tx_queue_for_address() retires it - a modbus
+  /// device going offline, say. Everything the hub refuses at the door instead returns false from
+  /// queue_pdu() with no callback at all, so send_or_resolve_() below turns those into this same
+  /// callback: a full queue, a duplicate write, or an empty PDU from a rejecting builder.
   void on_not_sent(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) override { this->not_sent_trigger_.trigger(request_pdu); }
   /// A Modbus exception reply. Lives here beside its trigger so every action subclass gets the pairing:
   /// register_client_action() wires on_error for all of them, so a derived class must not have to
@@ -57,6 +62,17 @@ template<typename... Ts> class ClientActionBase : public Action<Ts...>, public m
   }
 
  protected:
+  /// The hub refuses some sends at the door with no callback (a duplicate write already pending, a full
+  /// queue, or an empty PDU - which is how the create_*_pdu() builders reject out-of-spec input). Every
+  /// send still gets exactly one outcome (a broadcast (address 0) is the exception - never answered, it
+  /// resolves through on_sent() alone), so resolve refusals here via on_not_sent.
+  /// Takes a span, not a PduBuffer: the builders return right-sized buffers (a read PDU is 5 bytes), and
+  /// a PduBuffer parameter would widen each one to the 253-byte maximum just to cross the call.
+  void send_or_resolve_(std::span<const uint8_t> pdu, modbus::CommandOptions options = {}) {
+    if (!this->queue_pdu(pdu, options))
+      this->on_not_sent(pdu);
+  }
+
   Trigger<std::span<const uint8_t>> sent_trigger_;
   Trigger<std::span<const uint8_t>, modbus::ExceptionCode> error_trigger_;
   Trigger<std::span<const uint8_t>> no_response_trigger_;
@@ -64,6 +80,26 @@ template<typename... Ts> class ClientActionBase : public Action<Ts...>, public m
   retry_func_t retry_func_{nullptr};
 };
 
+/// The read-side per-command options (modbus::CommandOptions), declared once for every action that
+/// sends a read. Each option is templatable, so it cannot be built in Python the way modbus_controller
+/// builds its static struct; declaring the values here instead of per action means a new read option
+/// costs one TEMPLATABLE_VALUE plus one field below, and every read action picks it up.
+/// The read/write split mirrors _COMMAND_OPTIONS in the modbus component's Python
+/// (command_options_schema(direction="read") adds exactly these keys). When a write-side option
+/// arrives it gets a WriteCommandOptions twin, so write actions never carry read-only members.
+template<typename... Ts> class ReadCommandOptions {
+ public:
+  // Poll: re-queue after each success until downgraded (replay with false) or failed. The hub strips
+  // it for mutating function codes at the door (see modbus::CommandOptions).
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, continuous)
+
+ protected:
+  /// The options for this send, with every templatable value resolved against the action's arguments.
+  modbus::CommandOptions command_options_(const Ts &...x) const {
+    return {.continuous = this->continuous_.value(x...)};
+  }
+};
+
 /// modbus_client.send: fire a raw PDU (function code + data; the hub adds address and CRC). The reply is
 /// delivered raw - on_response(request, response) - deliberately bypassing the typed dispatch, so
 /// non-standard/custom transactions pass through untouched.
@@ -71,7 +107,8 @@ template<typename... Ts> class ClientActionBase : public Action<Ts...>, public m
 /// modbus::helpers::create_*_pdu() builders and return it directly (smaller builder results convert).
 /// A PduBuffer drops bytes past modbus::MAX_PDU_SIZE without reporting it (the hub's oversize check
 /// cannot fire - that limit is the capacity), so an over-long lambda-built PDU is silently truncated.
-template<typename... Ts> class ModbusClientSendAction : public ClientActionBase<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts>
+class ModbusClientSendAction : public ClientActionBase<Ts...>, public ReadCommandOptions<Ts...> {
  public:
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(modbus::helpers::PduBuffer, pdu)
 
@@ -79,14 +116,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class ModbusClientSendAction : public ClientActionBase<
     return &this->response_trigger_;
   }
 
-  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
-    auto pdu = this->pdu_.value(x...);
-    const std::span<const uint8_t> span(pdu.data(), pdu.size());
-    // The hub refuses some sends at the door with no callback (an empty PDU, a duplicate write already
-    // pending, a full queue). Every send still gets exactly one outcome, so resolve those via on_not_sent.
-    if (!this->send_pdu(span))
-      this->on_not_sent(span);
-  }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->send_or_resolve_(this->pdu_.value(x...), this->command_options_(x...)); }
 
   void on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) override {
     this->response_trigger_.trigger(request_pdu, response_pdu);
@@ -96,4 +126,287 @@ template<typename... Ts> class ModbusClientSendAction : public ClientActionBase<
   Trigger<std::span<const uint8_t>, std::span<const uint8_t>> response_trigger_;
 };
 
+/// Typed actions: these do NOT override the raw on_response, so the base ModbusClientDevice default runs
+/// the shared dispatch (validation gate + decode) and the typed callbacks below fire directly on the
+/// action. A reply the gate diverts (not a standard-conformant transaction) fires the on_custom_response
+/// trigger with the raw request/response PDUs, so non-standard replies stay handleable; the spans are only
+/// valid for the duration of the trigger. (For a typed-built request the gate can only divert on the
+/// response, never with an exception status - real device exceptions arrive via on_error, which
+/// ClientActionBase already routes straight to its trigger, so the typed callbacks below only ever see a
+/// success status.) Each typed callback still checks succeeded() before firing its trigger: that branch
+/// is unreachable today, and is kept so a future change to that interception cannot silently deliver an
+/// exception as a successful reply.
+template<typename... Ts> class TypedClientActionBase : public ClientActionBase<Ts...> {
+ public:
+  Trigger<std::span<const uint8_t>, std::span<const uint8_t>> *get_custom_response_trigger() {
+    return &this->custom_response_trigger_;
+  }
+  /// Set by codegen when the config declares on_custom_response. Without it an unhandled diverted reply
+  /// would fire an empty trigger and vanish, so the base's warn-once diagnostic has to stay reachable.
+  void set_custom_response_handled() { this->custom_response_handled_ = true; }
+
+  void on_custom_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu,
+                          modbus::ResponseStatus status) override {
+    if (!this->custom_response_handled_) {
+      modbus::ModbusClientDevice::on_custom_response(request_pdu, response_pdu, status);
+      return;
+    }
+    this->custom_response_trigger_.trigger(request_pdu, response_pdu);
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  Trigger<std::span<const uint8_t>, std::span<const uint8_t>> custom_response_trigger_;
+  bool custom_response_handled_{false};
+};
+
+/// modbus_client.read_holding_registers / read_input_registers: on_response delivers the registers in
+/// host byte order as `values` (only valid for the duration of the trigger).
+template<typename... Ts>
+class ReadRegistersAction : public TypedClientActionBase<Ts...>, public ReadCommandOptions<Ts...> {
+ public:
+  explicit ReadRegistersAction(bool holding) : holding_(holding) {}
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint16_t, start_address)
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint16_t, count)
+
+  Trigger<std::span<const uint16_t>> *get_response_trigger() { return &this->response_trigger_; }
+
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
+    const auto function_code =
+        this->holding_ ? modbus::FunctionCode::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS : modbus::FunctionCode::READ_INPUT_REGISTERS;
+    this->send_or_resolve_(
+        modbus::helpers::create_read_pdu(function_code, this->start_address_.value(x...), this->count_.value(x...)),
+        this->command_options_(x...));
+  }
+  void on_read_registers(modbus::EntityType entity_type, uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint16_t> registers,
+                         modbus::ResponseStatus status) override {
+    if (modbus::succeeded(status))
+      this->response_trigger_.trigger(registers);
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  Trigger<std::span<const uint16_t>> response_trigger_;
+  bool holding_;
+};
+
+/// modbus_client.read_coils / read_discrete_inputs: on_response delivers the bits as a PackedBits view
+/// (bit 0 = the bit at start_address; only valid for the duration of the trigger).
+template<typename... Ts> class ReadBitsAction : public TypedClientActionBase<Ts...>, public ReadCommandOptions<Ts...> {
+ public:
+  explicit ReadBitsAction(bool coils) : coils_(coils) {}
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint16_t, start_address)
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint16_t, count)
+
+  Trigger<modbus::PackedBits> *get_response_trigger() { return &this->response_trigger_; }
+
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
+    const auto function_code =
+        this->coils_ ? modbus::FunctionCode::READ_COILS : modbus::FunctionCode::READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS;
+    this->send_or_resolve_(
+        modbus::helpers::create_read_pdu(function_code, this->start_address_.value(x...), this->count_.value(x...)),
+        this->command_options_(x...));
+  }
+  void on_read_bits(modbus::EntityType entity_type, uint16_t start_address, modbus::PackedBits bits,
+                    modbus::ResponseStatus status) override {
+    if (modbus::succeeded(status))
+      this->response_trigger_.trigger(bits);
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  Trigger<modbus::PackedBits> response_trigger_;
+  bool coils_;
+};
+
+/// modbus_client.write_single_register: on_response is the acknowledgement (the ack only echoes the
+/// request, so it carries no arguments).
+template<typename... Ts> class WriteSingleRegisterAction : public TypedClientActionBase<Ts...> {
+ public:
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint16_t, start_address)
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint16_t, value)
+
+  Trigger<> *get_response_trigger() { return &this->response_trigger_; }
+
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
+    this->send_or_resolve_(
+        modbus::helpers::create_write_single_register_pdu(this->start_address_.value(x...), this->value_.value(x...)));
+  }
+  void on_write_single_register(uint16_t address, uint16_t value, modbus::ResponseStatus status) override {
+    if (modbus::succeeded(status))
+      this->response_trigger_.trigger();
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  Trigger<> response_trigger_;
+};
+
+/// modbus_client.write_single_coil: on_response is the acknowledgement (no arguments). A coil holds one
+/// bit, so the value is a bool - the wire only ever carries 0x0000 or 0xFF00.
+template<typename... Ts> class WriteSingleCoilAction : public TypedClientActionBase<Ts...> {
+ public:
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint16_t, start_address)
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, value)
+
+  Trigger<> *get_response_trigger() { return &this->response_trigger_; }
+
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
+    this->send_or_resolve_(
+        modbus::helpers::create_write_single_coil_pdu(this->start_address_.value(x...), this->value_.value(x...)));
+  }
+  void on_write_single_coil(uint16_t address, bool value, modbus::ResponseStatus status) override {
+    if (modbus::succeeded(status))
+      this->response_trigger_.trigger();
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  Trigger<> response_trigger_;
+};
+
+/// modbus_client.write_multiple_registers: on_response is the acknowledgement (no arguments).
+/// A `values:` list is emitted as a flash array and sent straight from there; only a lambda builds a
+/// vector, and only when it runs. Same split as canbus's send action, and for the same reason: a static
+/// list must not allocate on every play().
+template<typename... Ts> class WriteMultipleRegistersAction : public TypedClientActionBase<Ts...> {
+ public:
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint16_t, start_address)
+
+  /// Static config: the registers live in flash, so play() neither allocates nor copies.
+  void set_values_static(const uint16_t *values, size_t len) {
+    this->values_.data = values;
+    this->len_ = static_cast<ssize_t>(len);
+  }
+  /// Lambda config: the registers are only known at play() time. Stateless lambdas (all ESPHome
+  /// generates) convert to a plain function pointer, so this stays pointer-sized.
+  void set_values_template(std::vector<uint16_t> (*func)(Ts...)) {
+    this->values_.func = func;
+    this->len_ = -1;  // sentinel: template mode
+  }
+
+  Trigger<> *get_response_trigger() { return &this->response_trigger_; }
+
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
+    const uint16_t start = this->start_address_.value(x...);
+    // An empty or over-long set rejects into an empty PDU inside the builder, which logs the reason;
+    // the empty PDU then resolves via on_not_sent like any refused send.
+    if (this->len_ >= 0) {
+      this->send_or_resolve_(modbus::helpers::create_write_registers_pdu(
+          start, std::span<const uint16_t>(this->values_.data, static_cast<size_t>(this->len_))));
+      return;
+    }
+    const std::vector<uint16_t> values = this->values_.func(x...);
+    this->send_or_resolve_(modbus::helpers::create_write_registers_pdu(start, std::span<const uint16_t>(values)));
+  }
+  void on_write_multiple_registers(uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint16_t> registers,
+                                   modbus::ResponseStatus status) override {
+    if (modbus::succeeded(status))
+      this->response_trigger_.trigger();
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  Trigger<> response_trigger_;
+  ssize_t len_{-1};  // -1 = template mode, >= 0 = static mode with this many registers
+  union Values {
+    std::vector<uint16_t> (*func)(Ts...);
+    const uint16_t *data;
+  } values_;
+};
+
+/// modbus_client.write_multiple_coils: on_response is the acknowledgement (no arguments).
+/// A `values:` list is packed into wire layout at code-generation time and stored in flash, so play()
+/// neither allocates nor packs. A lambda returns std::vector<bool> - already a bit per coil rather than
+/// a byte - and is packed into a stack buffer on the way to the builder.
+template<typename... Ts> class WriteMultipleCoilsAction : public TypedClientActionBase<Ts...> {
+ public:
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint16_t, start_address)
+
+  /// Static config: `packed` is the wire layout (LSB first) held in flash, `count` the number of coils.
+  void set_values_static(const uint8_t *packed, size_t count) {
+    this->values_.packed = packed;
+    this->count_ = static_cast<ssize_t>(count);
+  }
+  /// Lambda config: the coils are only known at play() time.
+  void set_values_template(std::vector<bool> (*func)(Ts...)) {
+    this->values_.func = func;
+    this->count_ = -1;  // sentinel: template mode
+  }
+
+  Trigger<> *get_response_trigger() { return &this->response_trigger_; }
+
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
+    const uint16_t start = this->start_address_.value(x...);
+    if (this->count_ >= 0) {
+      const auto count = static_cast<uint16_t>(this->count_);
+      this->send_or_resolve_(modbus::helpers::create_write_coils_pdu(
+          start,
+          modbus::PackedBits(std::span<const uint8_t>(this->values_.packed, modbus::packed_bit_bytes(count)), count)));
+      return;
+    }
+    // The builder packs and bound-checks; an over-long set is rejected and logged there.
+    this->send_or_resolve_(modbus::helpers::create_write_coils_pdu(start, this->values_.func(x...)));
+  }
+  void on_write_multiple_coils(uint16_t start_address, modbus::PackedBits bits,
+                               modbus::ResponseStatus status) override {
+    if (modbus::succeeded(status))
+      this->response_trigger_.trigger();
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  Trigger<> response_trigger_;
+  ssize_t count_{-1};  // -1 = template mode, >= 0 = static mode with this many coils
+  union Values {
+    std::vector<bool> (*func)(Ts...);
+    const uint8_t *packed;
+  } values_;
+};
+
+/// modbus_client.read_write_multiple_registers (FC 0x17): writes one register block and reads another back in
+/// one transaction (write first, per Modbus 6.17). on_response delivers the read-back words as `values`.
+template<typename... Ts> class ReadWriteMultipleRegistersAction : public TypedClientActionBase<Ts...> {
+ public:
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint16_t, read_address)
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint16_t, read_count)
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint16_t, write_address)
+
+  /// Static config: the write registers live in flash, so play() neither allocates nor copies.
+  void set_values_static(const uint16_t *values, size_t len) {
+    this->values_.data = values;
+    this->len_ = static_cast<ssize_t>(len);
+  }
+  /// Lambda config: the write registers are only known at play() time.
+  void set_values_template(std::vector<uint16_t> (*func)(Ts...)) {
+    this->values_.func = func;
+    this->len_ = -1;  // sentinel: template mode
+  }
+
+  Trigger<std::span<const uint16_t>> *get_response_trigger() { return &this->response_trigger_; }
+
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
+    const uint16_t read_start = this->read_address_.value(x...);
+    const uint16_t read_count = this->read_count_.value(x...);
+    const uint16_t write_start = this->write_address_.value(x...);
+    // An out-of-range read/write count builds an empty PDU (the builder logs why), resolving via on_not_sent.
+    if (this->len_ >= 0) {
+      this->send_or_resolve_(modbus::helpers::create_read_write_multiple_registers_pdu(
+          read_start, read_count, write_start,
+          std::span<const uint16_t>(this->values_.data, static_cast<size_t>(this->len_))));
+      return;
+    }
+    const std::vector<uint16_t> values = this->values_.func(x...);
+    this->send_or_resolve_(modbus::helpers::create_read_write_multiple_registers_pdu(
+        read_start, read_count, write_start, std::span<const uint16_t>(values)));
+  }
+  // The 0x17 response carries only the read block, so the hub dispatch delivers it as a holding-register read.
+  void on_read_registers(modbus::EntityType entity_type, uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint16_t> registers,
+                         modbus::ResponseStatus status) override {
+    if (modbus::succeeded(status))
+      this->response_trigger_.trigger(registers);
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  Trigger<std::span<const uint16_t>> response_trigger_;
+  ssize_t len_{-1};  // -1 = template mode, >= 0 = static mode with this many write registers
+  union Values {
+    std::vector<uint16_t> (*func)(Ts...);
+    const uint16_t *data;
+  } values_;
+};
+
 }  // namespace esphome::modbus_client
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/__init__.py b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/__init__.py
index 1ce1e38d16..f888cc060e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 import binascii
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -9,8 +11,17 @@ from esphome.components.modbus.helpers import (
     EntityType,
 )
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ADDRESS, CONF_ID, CONF_LAMBDA, CONF_NAME, CONF_OFFSET
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ADDRESS,
+    CONF_CONTINUOUS,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_LAMBDA,
+    CONF_NAME,
+    CONF_OFFSET,
+)
+from esphome.core import CORE
 from esphome.cpp_helpers import logging
+import esphome.final_validate as fv
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .const import (
@@ -19,6 +30,7 @@ from .const import (
     CONF_BYTE_OFFSET,
     CONF_COMMAND_THROTTLE,
     CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND,
+    CONF_CUSTOM_PDU,
     CONF_FORCE_NEW_RANGE,
     CONF_MAX_CMD_RETRIES,
     CONF_MODBUS_CONTROLLER_ID,
@@ -29,6 +41,7 @@ from .const import (
     CONF_REGISTER_COUNT,
     CONF_REGISTER_TYPE,
     CONF_RESPONSE_SIZE,
+    CONF_REUSE_PREVIOUS_RANGE,
     CONF_SERVER_COURTESY_RESPONSE,
     CONF_SERVER_REGISTERS,
     CONF_SKIP_UPDATES,
@@ -41,13 +54,35 @@ AUTO_LOAD = ["modbus"]
 
 MULTI_CONF = True
 
+DOMAIN = "modbus_controller"
+
 modbus_controller_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("modbus_controller")
 ModbusController = modbus_controller_ns.class_("ModbusController", cg.PollingComponent)
 
 SensorItem = modbus_controller_ns.struct("SensorItem")
 
+RangeReuse = modbus_controller_ns.enum("RangeReuse", is_class=True)
+RANGE_REUSE = {
+    "auto": RangeReuse.AUTO,
+    True: RangeReuse.ALWAYS,
+    False: RangeReuse.NEVER,
+}
+
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
+
+@dataclass
+class ModbusControllerData:
+    # Set once the deprecated 'skip_updates' warning has been emitted so we warn only once total.
+    skip_updates_warned: bool = False
+
+
+def _get_data() -> ModbusControllerData:
+    if DOMAIN not in CORE.data:
+        CORE.data[DOMAIN] = ModbusControllerData()
+    return CORE.data[DOMAIN]
+
+
 # Remove before 2027.2.0
 _REMOVED_OPTIONS = {
     CONF_COMMAND_THROTTLE: "Command spacing is handled by the 'modbus' component - use 'turnaround_time' there instead.",
@@ -67,6 +102,32 @@ def _warn_removed_options(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     return config
 
 
+def _reject_broadcast_address(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """A modbus_controller polls one device, so its address cannot be the broadcast address (0):
+    a broadcast is never answered (Modbus 4.1), so no register could ever read back."""
+    modbus.reject_broadcast_address(
+        config.get(CONF_ADDRESS),
+        "a modbus_controller device address",
+        "Assign the unit address of the device you want to poll.",
+        [CONF_ADDRESS],
+    )
+    return config
+
+
+# Remove before 2027.3.0. skip_updates (a per-sensor option) no longer does anything: every range is
+# polled each update_interval. The key is still accepted so existing configs keep working, with a warning.
+def validate_skip_updates_deprecated(value: Any) -> int:
+    data = _get_data()
+    if not data.skip_updates_warned:
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "[modbus_controller] 'skip_updates' no longer has any effect and will be removed in 2027.3.0. "
+            "To poll some registers less often, add a second modbus_controller with the same address and a "
+            "slower update_interval, and attach the slow sensors to it."
+        )
+        data.skip_updates_warned = True
+    return cv.positive_int(value)
+
+
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     cv.Schema(
         {
@@ -79,6 +140,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_MAX_CMD_RETRIES, default=4): cv.positive_int,
             cv.Optional(CONF_OFFLINE_SKIP_UPDATES, default=0): cv.positive_int,
+            **modbus.command_options_schema(direction="read"),
             cv.Optional(
                 CONF_SERVER_REGISTERS,
             ): cv.invalid(
@@ -92,13 +154,32 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     .extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
     .extend(modbus.modbus_device_schema(0x01)),
     _warn_removed_options,
+    _reject_broadcast_address,
 )
 
 ModbusItemBaseSchema = cv.Schema(
     {
         cv.GenerateID(CONF_MODBUS_CONTROLLER_ID): cv.use_id(ModbusController),
         cv.Optional(CONF_ADDRESS): cv.positive_int,
-        cv.Optional(CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND): cv.ensure_list(cv.hex_uint8_t),
+        cv.Exclusive(
+            CONF_CUSTOM_PDU,
+            "custom_source",
+            f"{CONF_CUSTOM_PDU} and {CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND} can't be used together",
+        ): cv.All(
+            cv.ensure_list(cv.hex_uint8_t),
+            cv.Length(min=1, max=modbus.MAX_PDU_SIZE),
+        ),
+        # Deprecated: takes a raw frame with a leading device address byte. Auto-migrated to
+        # custom_pdu in migrate_custom_command (final validate). Remove before 2027.3.0. The upper
+        # bound is MAX_PDU_SIZE + 1: the extra byte is the address the migration strips.
+        cv.Exclusive(
+            CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND,
+            "custom_source",
+            f"{CONF_CUSTOM_PDU} and {CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND} can't be used together",
+        ): cv.All(
+            cv.ensure_list(cv.hex_uint8_t),
+            cv.Length(min=2, max=modbus.MAX_PDU_SIZE + 1),
+        ),
         cv.Exclusive(
             CONF_OFFSET,
             "offset",
@@ -110,55 +191,199 @@ ModbusItemBaseSchema = cv.Schema(
             f"{CONF_OFFSET} and {CONF_BYTE_OFFSET} can't be used together",
         ): cv.positive_int,
         cv.Optional(CONF_BITMASK, default=0xFFFFFFFF): cv.hex_uint32_t,
-        cv.Optional(CONF_SKIP_UPDATES, default=0): cv.positive_int,
-        cv.Optional(CONF_FORCE_NEW_RANGE, default=False): cv.boolean,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_SKIP_UPDATES): validate_skip_updates_deprecated,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_REUSE_PREVIOUS_RANGE, default="auto"): cv.Any(
+            cv.boolean, cv.one_of("auto", lower=True)
+        ),
+        # Deprecated options, migrated by validate_range_reuse_migration(). Remove before 2027.3.0
+        cv.Optional(CONF_FORCE_NEW_RANGE): cv.boolean,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_REGISTER_COUNT): cv.positive_int,
         cv.Optional(CONF_LAMBDA): cv.returning_lambda,
-        cv.Optional(CONF_RESPONSE_SIZE, default=0): cv.positive_int,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_RESPONSE_SIZE, default=0): cv.int_range(min=0, max=250),
     },
 )
 
 
-def validate_modbus_register(config):
-    if CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND not in config and CONF_ADDRESS not in config:
-        raise cv.Invalid(
-            f" {CONF_ADDRESS} is a required property if '{CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND}:' isn't used"
-        )
-    if CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND in config and CONF_REGISTER_TYPE in config:
-        raise cv.Invalid(
-            f"can't use '{CONF_REGISTER_TYPE}:' together with '{CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND}:'",
-        )
+def _derived_register_widths(config: ConfigType) -> set[int]:
+    """Register widths an item derives on its own; a matching register_count is redundant."""
+    response_size = config.get(CONF_RESPONSE_SIZE, 0)
+    if (value_type := config.get(CONF_VALUE_TYPE)) is not None:
+        widths = {TYPE_REGISTER_MAP[value_type]}
+        if value_type == "RAW" and response_size > 0:
+            widths.add((response_size + 1) // 2)
+        return widths
+    if response_size > 0:
+        # text sensors: the old default was floor(response_size / 2); the derived width is now ceil
+        return {response_size // 2, (response_size + 1) // 2}
+    return {1}
 
-    if CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND not in config and CONF_REGISTER_TYPE not in config:
-        raise cv.Invalid(
-            f" {CONF_REGISTER_TYPE} is a required property if '{CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND}:' isn't used"
+
+def entity_label(config: ConfigType) -> str:
+    """The entity's name or id, so migration messages say which entry to edit."""
+    label = config.get(CONF_NAME) or config.get(CONF_ID)
+    return str(label) if label is not None else "<unnamed>"
+
+
+# Remove before 2027.3.0
+def validate_range_reuse_migration(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """Migrate the removed force_new_range/register_count options to reuse_previous_range."""
+    if (force_new_range := config.pop(CONF_FORCE_NEW_RANGE, None)) is not None:
+        if config[CONF_REUSE_PREVIOUS_RANGE] != "auto":
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"'{CONF_FORCE_NEW_RANGE}' and '{CONF_REUSE_PREVIOUS_RANGE}' can't be used together; "
+                f"remove '{CONF_FORCE_NEW_RANGE}'"
+            )
+        if force_new_range:
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "%s: '%s' is deprecated; '%s: false' replaces it but only stops this entity joining "
+                "the PREVIOUS range - set it on the following entity too if the range must stay "
+                "isolated. Removed in 2027.3.0",
+                entity_label(config),
+                CONF_FORCE_NEW_RANGE,
+                CONF_REUSE_PREVIOUS_RANGE,
+            )
+            config[CONF_REUSE_PREVIOUS_RANGE] = False
+        else:
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "%s: '%s: false' has no effect; remove it. Removed in 2027.3.0",
+                entity_label(config),
+                CONF_FORCE_NEW_RANGE,
+            )
+    if (register_count := config.pop(CONF_REGISTER_COUNT, None)) is not None:
+        if (
+            register_count not in _derived_register_widths(config)
+            and register_count != 0
+        ):
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"'{CONF_REGISTER_COUNT}' has been removed; the number of registers to read is now "
+                f"derived from '{CONF_VALUE_TYPE}' (or '{CONF_RESPONSE_SIZE}' for RAW values and text "
+                f"sensors). To make one request span extra registers up to the next sensor, set "
+                f"'{CONF_REUSE_PREVIOUS_RANGE}: true' on the NEXT sensor instead; for RAW or text block "
+                f"reads set '{CONF_RESPONSE_SIZE}' to the byte count; to force multi-register writes set "
+                f"'use_write_multiple: true'. See "
+                "https://esphome.io/components/modbus_controller/"
+            )
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "%s: '%s' is now derived from '%s' (or '%s' for RAW values and text sensors) and has no "
+            "effect; remove it. Removed in 2027.3.0",
+            entity_label(config),
+            CONF_REGISTER_COUNT,
+            CONF_VALUE_TYPE,
+            CONF_RESPONSE_SIZE,
         )
     return config
 
 
-def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
-    return modbus.final_validate_modbus_device("modbus_controller", role="client")(
-        config
+def validate_modbus_register(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    # custom_command is the deprecated alias for custom_pdu (migrated later in final validate); treat
+    # either as "a custom frame is configured" so the address/register_type rules match.
+    has_custom = CONF_CUSTOM_PDU in config or CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND in config
+    if not has_custom and CONF_ADDRESS not in config:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f" {CONF_ADDRESS} is a required property if '{CONF_CUSTOM_PDU}:' isn't used"
+        )
+    if has_custom and CONF_REGISTER_TYPE in config:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"can't use '{CONF_REGISTER_TYPE}:' together with '{CONF_CUSTOM_PDU}:'",
+        )
+
+    if not has_custom and CONF_REGISTER_TYPE not in config:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f" {CONF_REGISTER_TYPE} is a required property if '{CONF_CUSTOM_PDU}:' isn't used"
+        )
+    return config
+
+
+def migrate_custom_command(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    """Final-validate: auto-migrate the deprecated custom_command (raw frame incl. device address)
+    to custom_pdu (PDU only). custom_pdu is always sent to the controller's own address, so a frame
+    whose address byte does not match the controller's address is a hard error (it targeted a
+    different unit). Mutates config in place; final validate discards the return value."""
+    frame = config.get(CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND)
+    if frame is None:
+        return
+    fconf = fv.full_config.get()
+    path = fconf.get_path_for_id(config[CONF_MODBUS_CONTROLLER_ID])[:-1]
+    controller = fconf.get_config_for_path(path)
+    # the controller's DEVICE address (from modbus_device_schema)
+    address = controller[CONF_ADDRESS]
+    if frame[0] != address:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"'custom_command' begins with device address {frame[0]:#04x}, but this sensor's "
+            f"modbus_controller uses address {address:#04x}. 'custom_command' is renamed to "
+            f"'custom_pdu', which is always sent to the controller's own address. Drop the leading "
+            f"address byte and use 'custom_pdu' if {address:#04x} is correct, or move this sensor to "
+            f"the modbus_controller for device {frame[0]:#04x}.",
+            [CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND],
+        )
+    _LOGGER.warning(
+        "[modbus_controller] 'custom_command' is deprecated and will be removed in 2027.3.0; "
+        "auto-migrated to 'custom_pdu' (dropped the leading device address byte). Rename the key "
+        "and drop that byte to silence this warning."
     )
+    config[CONF_CUSTOM_PDU] = list(frame[1:])
+    del config[CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND]
+
+
+def _reject_continuous_write_custom_pdu(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    """Final-validate: a custom_pdu whose function code writes (e.g. 0x17 read/write-multiple) cannot be
+    polled continuously - the hub ignores continuous for mutating codes and would warn on every update
+    while that range silently does not stream. Reject the combination instead. Runs after
+    migrate_custom_command, so it sees custom_pdu whether written directly or migrated from
+    custom_command."""
+    pdu = config.get(CONF_CUSTOM_PDU)
+    if pdu is None or not modbus.is_function_code_write(pdu[0]):
+        return
+    fconf = fv.full_config.get()
+    path = fconf.get_path_for_id(config[CONF_MODBUS_CONTROLLER_ID])[:-1]
+    controller = fconf.get_config_for_path(path)
+    if controller.get(CONF_CONTINUOUS) is True:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"a '{CONF_CUSTOM_PDU}' with a write function code (0x{pdu[0] & 0x7F:02X}) can't be polled "
+            f"continuously: the hub ignores 'continuous' for mutating codes. Remove 'continuous: true' "
+            f"from the '{controller[CONF_ID]}' modbus_controller, or use a read function code.",
+            [CONF_CUSTOM_PDU],
+        )
+
+
+def validate_custom_pdu_item(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    """Final-validate for the read platforms that accept custom_pdu (sensor, binary_sensor,
+    text_sensor): migrate the deprecated custom_command, then reject a write-coded custom_pdu under a
+    continuously-polling controller."""
+    migrate_custom_command(config)
+    _reject_continuous_write_custom_pdu(config)
+
+
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    modbus.final_validate_modbus_device("modbus_controller", role="client")(config)
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-def modbus_calc_properties(config):
+def reject_odd_holding_write_offset(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """Reject an odd byte offset on a holding-register write entity.
+
+    A 16-bit register write cannot target half a register, so the residual byte is inexpressible.
+    """
+    key = CONF_BYTE_OFFSET if CONF_BYTE_OFFSET in config else CONF_OFFSET
+    if config.get(key, 0) % 2:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"An odd '{key}' cannot be used with holding-register writes: a 16-bit register "
+            "write cannot target half a register. Use an even offset, or fold it into 'address'",
+            path=[key],
+        )
+    return config
+
+
+def modbus_calc_properties(config: ConfigType) -> int:
     byte_offset = 0
-    reg_count = 0
     if CONF_OFFSET in config:
         byte_offset = config[CONF_OFFSET]
     # A CONF_BYTE_OFFSET setting overrides CONF_OFFSET
     if CONF_BYTE_OFFSET in config:
         byte_offset = config[CONF_BYTE_OFFSET]
-    if CONF_REGISTER_COUNT in config:
-        reg_count = config[CONF_REGISTER_COUNT]
-    if CONF_VALUE_TYPE in config:
-        value_type = config[CONF_VALUE_TYPE]
-        if reg_count == 0:
-            reg_count = TYPE_REGISTER_MAP[value_type]
-    if CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND in config:
+    if CONF_CUSTOM_PDU in config:
         if CONF_ADDRESS not in config:
             # generate a unique modbus address using the hash of the name
             # CONF_NAME set even if only CONF_ID is used.
@@ -168,15 +393,18 @@ def modbus_calc_properties(config):
                 value = value.encode()
             config[CONF_ADDRESS] = binascii.crc_hqx(value, 0)
         config[CONF_REGISTER_TYPE] = cv.enum(MODBUS_REGISTER_TYPE)("custom")
-        config[CONF_FORCE_NEW_RANGE] = True
-    return byte_offset, reg_count
+    return byte_offset
 
 
 async def add_modbus_base_properties(
-    var, config, sensor_type, lambda_param_type=cg.float_, lambda_return_type=float
-):
-    if CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND in config:
-        cg.add(var.set_custom_data(config[CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND]))
+    var: cg.MockObj,
+    config: ConfigType,
+    sensor_type: cg.MockObjClass,
+    lambda_param_type: cg.MockObj = cg.float_,
+    lambda_return_type: Any = float,
+) -> None:
+    if CONF_CUSTOM_PDU in config:
+        cg.add(var.set_custom_pdu(config[CONF_CUSTOM_PDU]))
 
     if config[CONF_RESPONSE_SIZE] > 0:
         cg.add(var.set_register_size(config[CONF_RESPONSE_SIZE]))
@@ -213,21 +441,34 @@ _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    # Await the hub first, so no entity can bind to a controller that doesn't have one yet.
+    hub = await cg.get_variable(config[modbus.CONF_MODBUS_ID])
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], hub, config[CONF_ADDRESS])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
     cg.add(var.set_max_cmd_retries(config[CONF_MAX_CMD_RETRIES]))
     cg.add(var.set_offline_skip_updates(config[CONF_OFFLINE_SKIP_UPDATES]))
-    await register_modbus_device(var, config)
+    cg.add(
+        var.set_read_options(
+            modbus.command_options_expression(config, direction="read")
+        )
+    )
     await automation.build_callback_automations(var, config, _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS)
 
 
-async def register_modbus_device(var, config):
+async def register_modbus_device(var: cg.MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> cg.MockObj:
+    # Remove before 2027.3.0
+    _LOGGER.warning(
+        "'modbus_controller.register_modbus_device' is deprecated, use "
+        "'modbus.register_modbus_client_device' and set the address on your own "
+        "class instead. Will be removed in 2027.3.0"
+    )
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_ADDRESS]))
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     return await modbus.register_modbus_client_device(var, config)
 
 
-def function_code_to_register(function_code):
+def function_code_to_register(function_code: str) -> cg.MockObj:
     FUNCTION_CODE_TYPE_MAP = {
         "read_coils": EntityType.COIL,
         "read_discrete_inputs": EntityType.DISCRETE_INPUT,
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index 18d017e13f..32247b4cec 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -5,19 +5,21 @@ import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ADDRESS, CONF_ID
 
 from .. import (
+    RANGE_REUSE,
     ModbusItemBaseSchema,
     SensorItem,
     add_modbus_base_properties,
     modbus_calc_properties,
     modbus_controller_ns,
+    validate_custom_pdu_item,
     validate_modbus_register,
+    validate_range_reuse_migration,
 )
 from ..const import (
     CONF_BITMASK,
-    CONF_FORCE_NEW_RANGE,
     CONF_MODBUS_CONTROLLER_ID,
     CONF_REGISTER_TYPE,
-    CONF_SKIP_UPDATES,
+    CONF_REUSE_PREVIOUS_RANGE,
 )
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["modbus_controller"]
@@ -38,19 +40,21 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
         }
     ),
     validate_modbus_register,
+    validate_range_reuse_migration,
 )
 
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = validate_custom_pdu_item
+
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    byte_offset, _ = modbus_calc_properties(config)
+    byte_offset = modbus_calc_properties(config)
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(
         config[CONF_ID],
         config[CONF_REGISTER_TYPE],
         config[CONF_ADDRESS],
         byte_offset,
         config[CONF_BITMASK],
-        config[CONF_SKIP_UPDATES],
-        config[CONF_FORCE_NEW_RANGE],
+        RANGE_REUSE[config[CONF_REUSE_PREVIOUS_RANGE]],
     )
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await binary_sensor.register_binary_sensor(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/binary_sensor/modbus_binarysensor.h b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/binary_sensor/modbus_binarysensor.h
index 62a7fe93d3..a6b5bc4ef9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/binary_sensor/modbus_binarysensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/binary_sensor/modbus_binarysensor.h
@@ -11,20 +11,22 @@ namespace esphome::modbus_controller {
 class ModbusBinarySensor final : public Component, public binary_sensor::BinarySensor, public SensorItem {
  public:
   ModbusBinarySensor(modbus::EntityType register_type, uint16_t start_address, uint8_t offset, uint32_t bitmask,
-                     uint16_t skip_updates, bool force_new_range) {
+                     RangeReuse reuse_previous_range) {
     this->register_type = register_type;
     this->set_address(start_address);
     this->set_offset_from_start_address(offset);
     this->bitmask = bitmask;
     this->sensor_value_type = SensorValueType::BIT;
-    this->skip_updates = skip_updates;
-    this->force_new_range = force_new_range;
+    this->reuse_previous_range = reuse_previous_range;
+  }
 
-    if (modbus::helpers::is_entity_type_binary(register_type)) {
-      this->register_count = offset + 1;
-    } else {
-      this->register_count = 1;
+  /// On the bit-addressed tables the bit sits at start_address + offset, so the read must span offset + 1
+  /// bits. Uses the offset as configured: `offset` itself is overwritten with the position in the range.
+  uint16_t entity_count() const override {
+    if (modbus::helpers::is_entity_type_binary(this->register_type)) {
+      return this->offset_from_start_address + 1;
     }
+    return 1;
   }
 
   void parse_and_publish(std::span<const uint8_t> data) override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/const.py b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/const.py
index 0149a3cc49..364a0a510e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/const.py
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/const.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ CONF_BYTE_OFFSET = "byte_offset"
 CONF_COMMAND_THROTTLE = "command_throttle"
 CONF_OFFLINE_SKIP_UPDATES = "offline_skip_updates"
 CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND = "custom_command"
+CONF_CUSTOM_PDU = "custom_pdu"
 CONF_FORCE_NEW_RANGE = "force_new_range"
 CONF_MAX_CMD_RETRIES = "max_cmd_retries"
 CONF_MODBUS_CONTROLLER_ID = "modbus_controller_id"
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ CONF_REGISTER_LAST_ADDRESS = "register_last_address"
 CONF_REGISTER_TYPE = "register_type"
 CONF_REGISTER_VALUE = "register_value"
 CONF_RESPONSE_SIZE = "response_size"
+CONF_REUSE_PREVIOUS_RANGE = "reuse_previous_range"
 CONF_SERVER_COURTESY_RESPONSE = "server_courtesy_response"
 CONF_SERVER_REGISTERS = "server_registers"
 CONF_SKIP_UPDATES = "skip_updates"
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/modbus_controller.cpp b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/modbus_controller.cpp
index c4161d454f..c7fc10a0bb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/modbus_controller.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/modbus_controller.cpp
@@ -2,17 +2,132 @@
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
+#include <cstring>
+#include <limits>
+
 namespace esphome::modbus_controller {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "modbus_controller";
 
 void ModbusController::setup() { this->create_polling_commands_(); }
 
+void WriterDevice::warn_write_buffer_deprecated(const LogString *platform, uint16_t address) {
+  if (this->write_buffer_deprecated_warned_)
+    return;
+  this->write_buffer_deprecated_warned_ = true;
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG,
+           "Modbus %s (address 0x%X): filling the write_lambda buffer parameter is deprecated; call a write helper / "
+           "queue_pdu() on the entity (item) instead. The buffer parameter is removed in 2027.3.0",
+           LOG_STR_ARG(platform), address);
+}
+
+bool WriterDevice::send_raw_frame_deprecated(std::span<const uint8_t> frame) {
+  if (frame.empty())
+    return false;
+  return this->parent_->queue_pdu(frame[0], frame.subspan(1), this);
+}
+
+void ControllerDevice::set_controller(ModbusController *controller) {
+  this->controller_ = controller;
+  this->set_parent(controller->hub());
+  this->set_address(controller->device_address());
+}
+
+// A request whose layout carries no start address (a custom PDU) reports -1; 0 stays a real address.
+static int trigger_address(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) {
+  const auto addr = modbus::helpers::client_pdu_start_address(request_pdu);
+  return addr.has_value() ? *addr : -1;
+}
+
+void ControllerDevice::notify_online_(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) {
+  if (this->controller_ != nullptr) {
+    this->controller_->set_online(true, modbus::helpers::pdu_function_code(request_pdu), trigger_address(request_pdu));
+  }
+}
+
+void ControllerDevice::on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) {
+  this->notify_online_(request_pdu);
+}
+
+void ControllerDevice::on_error(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, modbus::ExceptionCode exception_code) {
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Modbus error function code: 0x%X register %d exception: %d",
+           modbus::helpers::pdu_function_code(request_pdu), trigger_address(request_pdu),
+           static_cast<uint8_t>(exception_code));
+  this->notify_online_(request_pdu);  // an exception is still a legitimate reply -> device is online
+}
+
+void WriterDevice::on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) {
+  ControllerDevice::on_response(request_pdu, response_pdu);
+  this->dispatch_response_(request_pdu, response_pdu, std::nullopt);
+}
+
+void WriterDevice::on_error(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, modbus::ExceptionCode exception_code) {
+  ControllerDevice::on_error(request_pdu, exception_code);
+  this->dispatch_response_(request_pdu, {}, exception_code);
+}
+
+// Fired once per wire transmission (including hub re-queues from a retry), so the on_command_sent trigger
+// reflects when the frame actually went out, not when it was queued.
+void ControllerDevice::on_sent(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) {
+  if (this->controller_ != nullptr) {
+    this->controller_->command_sent(modbus::helpers::pdu_function_code(request_pdu), trigger_address(request_pdu));
+  }
+}
+
+void ControllerDevice::on_not_sent(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) {
+  const uint8_t fc = modbus::helpers::pdu_function_code(request_pdu);
+  const int addr = trigger_address(request_pdu);
+  // Only the offline teardown reaches this (a supersede retires silently), so the frame is genuinely
+  // lost; a dropped write was already published optimistically, so surface it.
+  if (modbus::helpers::is_function_code_write(fc)) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Write not sent: function 0x%X register %d", fc, addr);
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Request not sent: function 0x%X register %d", fc, addr);
+  }
+}
+
+bool ControllerDevice::on_no_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) {
+  if (this->controller_ == nullptr)
+    return false;
+  this->controller_->increment_non_response_count();
+  if (this->controller_->can_send())
+    return true;  // the hub re-queues the frame it is holding; on_sent fires again on the retry
+  this->controller_->set_online(false, modbus::helpers::pdu_function_code(request_pdu), trigger_address(request_pdu));
+  return false;
+}
+
+PollingDevice::PollingDevice(ModbusController &controller, RegisterRange &&range)
+    : ControllerDevice(&controller), range_(std::move(range)) {}
+
+bool PollingDevice::queue(modbus::CommandOptions options) {
+  bool accepted;
+  if (this->range_.custom_pdu != nullptr) {
+    accepted = this->queue_pdu(std::span<const uint8_t>(*this->range_.custom_pdu), options);
+  } else {
+    accepted = this->read_entities(this->range_.register_type, this->range_.start_address, this->range_.register_count,
+                                   options);
+  }
+  if (accepted) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Poll queued type=%u 0x%X %d", static_cast<uint8_t>(this->range_.register_type),
+             this->range_.start_address, this->range_.register_count);
+  }
+  return accepted;
+}
+
+void PollingDevice::on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) {
+  this->notify_online_(request_pdu);
+  auto data = modbus::helpers::server_pdu_payload(response_pdu);
+  for (auto *sensor : this->range_.sensors)
+    sensor->parse_and_publish(data);
+}
+
+// ModbusCommandItem's machinery stays as-is until its removal in 2027.3.0; silence its self-references.
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
 ModbusCommandItem::ModbusCommandItem(ModbusController &controller, modbus::ModbusClientHub *parent, uint8_t address,
                                      RegisterRange &&range)
     : modbus::ModbusClientDevice(parent, address),
       sensors(std::move(range.sensors)),
-      skip_updates(range.skip_updates),
       register_type_(range.register_type),
       start_address_(range.start_address),
       register_count_(range.register_count),
@@ -22,12 +137,14 @@ ModbusCommandItem::ModbusCommandItem(ModbusController &controller, modbus::Modbu
 ModbusCommandItem::ModbusCommandItem(ModbusController &controller, modbus::ModbusClientHub *parent, uint8_t address,
                                      SensorItem *sensor)
     : modbus::ModbusClientDevice(parent, address),
-      skip_updates(sensor->skip_updates),
       start_address_(sensor->start_address),
-      register_count_(sensor->register_count),
-      function_code_(FunctionCode::CUSTOM),
-      custom_data_(&sensor->custom_data),
+      register_count_(sensor->entity_count()),
+      custom_pdu_(&sensor->custom_pdu),
       controller_(&controller) {
+  // The PDU's first byte is its real function code; carry it so dump_config, the on_command_sent
+  // trigger and the response callbacks report the actual code instead of CUSTOM.
+  if (!sensor->custom_pdu.empty())
+    this->function_code_ = static_cast<FunctionCode>(sensor->custom_pdu.data()[0]);
   this->sensors.insert(sensor);
 }
 
@@ -38,13 +155,12 @@ ModbusCommandItem::ModbusCommandItem(ModbusController &controller, modbus::Modbu
 ModbusCommandItem::ModbusCommandItem(const ModbusCommandItem &other)
     : modbus::ModbusClientDevice(other.parent_, other.address_),
       sensors(other.sensors),
-      skip_updates(other.skip_updates),
       on_data_func(other.on_data_func),
       register_type_(other.register_type_),
       start_address_(other.start_address_),
       register_count_(other.register_count_),
       function_code_(other.function_code_),
-      custom_data_(other.custom_data_),
+      custom_pdu_(other.custom_pdu_),
       controller_(other.controller_) {
   // SmallInlineBuffer is move-only, so deep-copy the bytes explicitly.
   this->payload.set(other.payload.data(), other.payload.size());
@@ -53,14 +169,13 @@ ModbusCommandItem::ModbusCommandItem(const ModbusCommandItem &other)
 ModbusCommandItem::ModbusCommandItem(ModbusCommandItem &&other) noexcept
     : modbus::ModbusClientDevice(other.parent_, other.address_),
       sensors(std::move(other.sensors)),
-      skip_updates(other.skip_updates),
       on_data_func(std::move(other.on_data_func)),
       payload(std::move(other.payload)),
       register_type_(other.register_type_),
       start_address_(other.start_address_),
       register_count_(other.register_count_),
       function_code_(other.function_code_),
-      custom_data_(other.custom_data_),
+      custom_pdu_(other.custom_pdu_),
       controller_(other.controller_) {
   other.parent_ = nullptr;
 }
@@ -72,11 +187,14 @@ void ModbusCommandItem::on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::s
   auto data = modbus::helpers::server_pdu_payload(response_pdu);
   if (this->on_data_func) {
     this->on_data_func(this->register_type_, this->start_address_, data);
-  } else if (modbus::helpers::is_function_code_write(static_cast<uint8_t>(this->function_code_))) {
-    // write acknowledgement - nothing to publish
-  } else {
+  } else if (!this->sensors.empty()) {
+    // A polling command always has sensors; a factory/write command never does. Test this before the
+    // write-code branch so a custom_pdu whose function code is a write (e.g. 0x17, whose response
+    // carries read data) still reaches its sensor instead of being treated as a bare write ack.
     for (auto *sensor : this->sensors)
       sensor->parse_and_publish(data);
+  } else if (modbus::helpers::is_function_code_write(static_cast<uint8_t>(this->function_code_))) {
+    // write acknowledgement - nothing to publish
   }
   if (this->controller_ != nullptr)
     this->controller_->unqueue_command(this);
@@ -107,8 +225,20 @@ void ModbusCommandItem::on_not_sent(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) {
 // Fired once per wire transmission (including hub re-queues from a retry), so the on_command_sent
 // trigger reflects when the frame actually went out, not when it was queued.
 void ModbusCommandItem::on_sent(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) {
-  if (this->controller_ != nullptr)
-    this->controller_->command_sent(static_cast<int>(this->function_code_), this->start_address_);
+  if (this->controller_ == nullptr)
+    return;
+  this->controller_->command_sent(static_cast<int>(this->function_code_), this->start_address_);
+  // A broadcast (address 0) is never answered (Modbus 4.1), so the hub delivers no terminal callback.
+  // on_sent is this command's only callback, so drop the one-shot from the queue here, or it would leak.
+  // Test the address the frame went to, not address_: a custom command's frame carries its own address
+  // (frame[0]), which may differ from this controller's. (unqueue_command() is a no-op for a poll.)
+  // A custom polling command sends its PDU to this controller's own address, so only a factory custom
+  // command (a raw frame staged in payload) can carry a different address byte.
+  uint8_t wire_address = this->address_;
+  if (this->function_code_ == FunctionCode::CUSTOM && !this->payload.empty())
+    wire_address = this->payload.data()[0];
+  if (wire_address == modbus::BROADCAST_ADDRESS)
+    this->controller_->unqueue_command(this);
 }
 
 bool ModbusCommandItem::on_no_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) {
@@ -124,6 +254,8 @@ bool ModbusCommandItem::on_no_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) {
   return false;
 }
 
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+
 void ModbusController::set_online(bool online, int function_code, int register_address) {
   if (online) {
     this->cmd_non_responses_ = 0;
@@ -145,12 +277,15 @@ void ModbusController::set_online(bool online, int function_code, int register_a
   }
 }
 
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
 void ModbusController::queue_command(ModbusCommandItem command) {
   this->sweep_completed_one_shots_();  // reclaim finished one-shots before adding a new one
   // Duplicates are the caller's to manage; the controller only holds the item until its terminal callback.
   this->one_shot_command_items_.push_back(make_unique<ModbusCommandItem>(std::move(command)));
   // A refused frame gets no terminal callback (see the hub contract), so reclaim the item here.
   auto &item = this->one_shot_command_items_.back();
+  // We intentionally do not pass read_options_ here, because one-shot commands are usually writes, and are non-polling.
   if (!item->send()) {
     // The caller (e.g. a write entity) has usually already published optimistically - surface the loss.
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Command refused by hub: type=0x%X address=0x%X", static_cast<uint8_t>(item->register_type()),
@@ -160,10 +295,11 @@ void ModbusController::queue_command(ModbusCommandItem command) {
 }
 
 void ModbusController::unqueue_command(const ModbusCommandItem *command) {
-  // Called as the last action of the command's own callback, and from send() after send_pdu (which may
-  // synchronously call on_not_sent). Destroying `command` here would leave send() and the hub touching a
-  // freed object, so we only FLAG it; sweep_completed_one_shots_() erases it later at a safe point. No-op
-  // for polling commands (they persist and are not in the one-shot list).
+  // Called as the last action of the command's own callback (on_response/on_error/on_not_sent/
+  // on_no_response), which the hub runs from inside its sweep while this entry is still live.
+  // Destroying `command` here would leave the hub touching a freed object, so we only FLAG it;
+  // sweep_completed_one_shots_() erases it later at a safe point. No-op for polling commands
+  // (they persist and are not in the one-shot list).
   for (auto &item : this->one_shot_command_items_) {
     if (item.get() == command) {
       item->pending_removal = true;
@@ -177,28 +313,22 @@ void ModbusController::sweep_completed_one_shots_() {
       [](const std::unique_ptr<ModbusCommandItem> &item) { return item->pending_removal; });
 }
 
-void ModbusController::update_range_(ModbusCommandItem &cmd) {
-  if (this->update_counter_ % (cmd.skip_updates + 1) != 0) {
-    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Skipping update for range 0x%X", cmd.register_address());
-    return;
-  }
-  // A refusal is already logged by the hub; note the affected range for controller-level diagnostics.
-  if (!cmd.send())
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Poll refused by hub for range 0x%X", cmd.register_address());
-}
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
 
 void ModbusController::update() {
   this->sweep_completed_one_shots_();  // reclaim one-shots deferred out of their own callbacks
   if (this->module_offline_) {
-    // Offline probing follows the offline cadence alone; per-range skip_updates resumes once the
-    // device is back online. Requiring both cadences to coincide would leave phase combinations
-    // where a probe never goes out.
+    // Offline probing follows the offline cadence alone; regular every-update polling resumes once
+    // the device is back online.
     if (offline_retry_due(this->update_counter_, this->module_offline_at_, this->offline_skip_updates_)) {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Module offline - retrying");
       this->cmd_non_responses_ = 0;  // allow the probe through can_send()
-      for (auto &cmd : this->polling_command_items_) {
-        if (!cmd.send())
-          ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Probe refused by hub for range 0x%X", cmd.register_address());
+      for (auto &poll : this->polling_devices_) {
+        // Probes carry the read-side options too, so a recovering device resumes streaming on the
+        // probe itself rather than waiting for the next update_interval.
+        if (!poll.queue(this->read_options_)) {
+          ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Probe refused by hub for range 0x%X", poll.register_address());
+        }
       }
     } else {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Module offline - skipping update");
@@ -208,140 +338,193 @@ void ModbusController::update() {
   }
 
   if (this->can_send()) {
-    for (auto &cmd : this->polling_command_items_) {
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Updating range 0x%X", cmd.register_address());
-      this->update_range_(cmd);
+    for (auto &poll : this->polling_devices_) {
+      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Updating range 0x%X", poll.register_address());
+      // read_options_ carries the controller's continuous flag (the offline probe above sends it too).
+      // A refusal is already logged by the hub; note the affected range for controller-level diagnostics.
+      if (!poll.queue(this->read_options_)) {
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Poll refused by hub for range 0x%X", poll.register_address());
+      }
     }
   }
   this->update_counter_++;
 }
 
 // walk through the sensors and determine the register ranges to read
+namespace {
+
+class RangeBuilder {
+ public:
+  explicit RangeBuilder(FixedVector<RegisterRange> &ranges) : ranges_(ranges) {}
+
+  bool can_join(const SensorItem *curr) const {
+    return this->have_range_ && curr->reuse_previous_range != RangeReuse::NEVER &&
+           this->r_.register_type == curr->register_type && curr->register_type != modbus::EntityType::CUSTOM;
+  }
+
+  // A sensor that joined mid-range must never anchor this - hence both address tests.
+  bool try_reuse_register(SensorItem *curr) {
+    const uint32_t range_end = this->range_end_();
+    if (curr->start_address != range_end - this->prev_->entity_count() ||
+        this->prev_->start_address + this->prev_->entity_count() != range_end ||
+        curr->entity_count() != this->prev_->entity_count() ||
+        curr->get_register_size() != this->prev_->get_register_size()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (!place_offset(curr, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->prev_->offset) + curr->offset_from_start_address))
+      return false;
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Re-use previous register 0x%X", curr->start_address);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  bool try_extend(SensorItem *curr) {
+    const uint32_t range_end = this->range_end_();
+    const bool reachable =
+        curr->reuse_previous_range == RangeReuse::ALWAYS
+            ? curr->start_address >= range_end
+            : curr->start_address == range_end && (curr->addresses_bits() || !this->range_custom_size_);
+    if (!reachable)
+      return false;
+    const uint16_t gap = static_cast<uint16_t>(curr->start_address - range_end);
+    const uint32_t new_count = this->r_.register_count + gap + curr->entity_count();
+    const uint16_t max_quantity =
+        curr->addresses_bits() ? modbus::MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_READ : modbus::MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ;
+    const uint32_t prospective_offset =
+        (curr->addresses_bits() ? static_cast<uint32_t>(curr->start_address - this->r_.start_address)
+                                : static_cast<uint32_t>(this->range_bytes_) + gap * 2) +
+        curr->offset_from_start_address;
+    if (new_count > max_quantity || !place_offset(curr, prospective_offset)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (!curr->addresses_bits())
+      this->range_bytes_ += static_cast<size_t>(gap) * 2;
+    this->range_bytes_ += curr->get_register_size();
+    this->range_custom_size_ = this->range_custom_size_ || has_custom_size(curr);
+    this->r_.register_count = static_cast<uint16_t>(new_count);
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Extend range to include 0x%X", curr->start_address);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  bool try_cover(SensorItem *curr) {
+    if (!this->range_shared_ || this->range_forced_ || curr->start_address < this->r_.start_address ||
+        curr->start_address + curr->entity_count() > this->range_end_() || this->range_custom_size_ ||
+        has_custom_size(curr)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    const uint32_t addr_delta = curr->start_address - this->r_.start_address;
+    if (!place_offset(curr, (curr->addresses_bits() ? addr_delta : addr_delta * 2) + curr->offset_from_start_address))
+      return false;
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Register 0x%X already covered by range 0x%X", curr->start_address, this->r_.start_address);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // A response dispatches to a single range per (start address, register type), so same-address items
+  // must share - even reuse_previous_range: false and custom entities.
+  bool try_share(SensorItem *curr) {
+    if (!this->have_range_ || this->r_.register_type != curr->register_type ||
+        this->r_.start_address != curr->start_address) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    curr->offset = curr->offset_from_start_address;
+    this->r_.register_count = std::max(this->r_.register_count, curr->entity_count());
+    this->range_bytes_ = std::max(this->range_bytes_, curr->get_register_size());
+    this->range_custom_size_ = this->range_custom_size_ || has_custom_size(curr);
+    this->range_shared_ = true;
+    this->range_forced_ = this->range_forced_ || curr->reuse_previous_range == RangeReuse::NEVER;
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Share range start 0x%X", curr->start_address);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  bool always_declined(const SensorItem *curr) const {
+    return this->have_range_ && curr->reuse_previous_range == RangeReuse::ALWAYS &&
+           this->r_.register_type == curr->register_type && curr->start_address != this->r_.start_address;
+  }
+
+  void open(SensorItem *curr) {
+    this->close();
+    this->r_ = {};
+    this->range_bytes_ = curr->get_register_size();
+    this->range_custom_size_ = has_custom_size(curr);
+    this->range_forced_ = curr->reuse_previous_range == RangeReuse::NEVER;
+    this->range_shared_ = false;
+    curr->offset = curr->offset_from_start_address;
+    this->r_.start_address = curr->start_address;
+    this->r_.register_count = curr->entity_count();
+    this->r_.register_type = curr->register_type;
+    if (curr->register_type == modbus::EntityType::CUSTOM)
+      this->r_.custom_pdu = &curr->custom_pdu;
+    this->have_range_ = true;
+  }
+
+  void record(SensorItem *curr) {
+    curr->range_start_address = this->r_.start_address;
+    this->r_.sensors.insert(curr);
+    this->prev_ = curr;
+  }
+
+  void close() {
+    if (!this->have_range_)
+      return;
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Add range 0x%X %d", this->r_.start_address, this->r_.register_count);
+    this->ranges_.push_back(std::move(this->r_));
+    this->have_range_ = false;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  uint32_t range_end_() const { return this->r_.start_address + this->r_.register_count; }
+  // The resolved offset must fit its uint8_t field or the sensor would parse the wrong slice.
+  static bool place_offset(SensorItem *curr, uint32_t offset) {
+    if (offset > std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max())
+      return false;
+    curr->offset = static_cast<uint8_t>(offset);
+    return true;
+  }
+  static bool has_custom_size(const SensorItem *item) {
+    return item->get_register_size() != static_cast<size_t>(item->entity_count()) * 2;
+  }
+  FixedVector<RegisterRange> &ranges_;
+  RegisterRange r_ = {};
+  bool have_range_ = false;
+  bool range_forced_ = false;  // a reuse: false member blocks the coverage join
+  bool range_shared_ = false;  // only a share-widened range absorbs by coverage
+  size_t range_bytes_ = 0;
+  bool range_custom_size_ = false;
+  SensorItem *prev_ = nullptr;
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
 void ModbusController::create_polling_commands_() {
   if (this->sensorset_.empty()) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "No sensors registered");
     return;
   }
 
-  // Sensors are walked in the sensor set's order (see SensorItemsComparator): register type, then
-  // force_new_range ahead of the rest, then address - so the walk is not purely address-ordered.
-  // Each keeps the address it was configured with; what is resolved here is its `offset`, the position
-  // of its data within the response of whichever range it ends up in.
-  RegisterRange r = {};
-  bool have_range = false;
-  // Set while the open range belongs to a force_new_range sensor: a range the user asked to keep
-  // separate must not quietly absorb other sensors.
-  bool range_forced = false;
-  // Set once a sensor has joined by sharing the range's start address, which widens the read. Only a
-  // widened range can absorb a later sensor by coverage: ranges that were kept apart before stay apart,
-  // so their frames and polling rates are untouched.
-  bool range_shared = false;
-  // Bytes the range's registers have consumed so far. An extending sensor starts after them, so a
-  // register that returns more bytes than its count implies pushes the sensors after it along.
-  // range_custom_size records whether any of them returns something other than two bytes per register,
-  // which is what makes a position inside the range impossible to work out from addresses alone. Coils
-  // count as such: they carry one bit per address, so bit ranges never take the coverage join.
-  size_t range_bytes = 0;
-  bool range_custom_size = false;
-  SensorItem *prev = nullptr;
+  // At most one range closes per sensor plus one final close, so sensorset_.size() bounds the pushes
+  // (FixedVector silently drops past capacity).
+  FixedVector<RegisterRange> ranges;
+  ranges.init(this->sensorset_.size());
+  RangeBuilder builder(ranges);
   for (SensorItem *curr : this->sensorset_) {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Register: 0x%X count=%d size=%zu offset=%u skip=%u addr=%p", curr->start_address,
-             curr->register_count, curr->get_register_size(), curr->offset, curr->skip_updates, curr);
-
-    const bool custom_size = curr->get_register_size() != static_cast<size_t>(curr->register_count) * 2;
-
-    bool join = false;
-    if (have_range && !curr->force_new_range && r.register_type == curr->register_type &&
-        curr->register_type != modbus::EntityType::CUSTOM) {
-      if (curr->start_address == (r.start_address + r.register_count - prev->register_count) &&
-          prev->start_address + prev->register_count == r.start_address + r.register_count &&
-          curr->register_count == prev->register_count && curr->get_register_size() == prev->get_register_size()) {
-        // A second sensor on the register(s) the previous one covers: it reads those same bytes,
-        // starting where that sensor's offset pointed, so a chain configured 0/2/4 resolves to 0/2/6.
-        // Both address tests matter. The first identifies the previous sensor's register by working back
-        // from the range's end, which only describes it while it actually sits there - hence the second.
-        // A sensor that joined mid-range must never anchor this, or the next one inherits its offset.
-        curr->offset = static_cast<uint8_t>(prev->offset + curr->offset_from_start_address);
-        join = true;
-        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Re-use previous register 0x%X", curr->start_address);
-      } else if (curr->start_address == (r.start_address + r.register_count)) {
-        // The next contiguous register(s): the data begins after what the range has consumed so far -
-        // the byte cursor for registers, the distance in bits for coils.
-        curr->offset =
-            static_cast<uint8_t>((curr->addresses_bits() ? curr->start_address - r.start_address : range_bytes) +
-                                 curr->offset_from_start_address);
-        range_bytes += curr->get_register_size();
-        range_custom_size = range_custom_size || custom_size;
-        r.register_count += curr->register_count;
-        join = true;
-        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Extend range to include 0x%X", curr->start_address);
-      } else if (range_shared && !range_forced && curr->start_address >= r.start_address &&
-                 curr->start_address + curr->register_count <= r.start_address + r.register_count &&
-                 !range_custom_size && !custom_size && curr->skip_updates == r.skip_updates) {
-        // The registers already fall inside a range that a shared-address join widened, so this sensor
-        // reads its slice of that response instead of adding an overlapping second poll. The guards keep
-        // it narrow: only a widened range, never a force-isolated one; only where every register in the
-        // range returns two bytes, so interior positions follow from the addresses; only sensors genuinely
-        // inside it, which is why the lower bound is needed given the walk is not address-ordered; and
-        // only where the polling rates already match, since joining runs this sensor through the rate
-        // merge below and would otherwise change one of them.
-        const uint16_t addr_delta = curr->start_address - r.start_address;
-        curr->offset = static_cast<uint8_t>((curr->addresses_bits() ? addr_delta : addr_delta * 2) +
-                                            curr->offset_from_start_address);
-        join = true;
-        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Register 0x%X already covered by range 0x%X", curr->start_address, r.start_address);
-      }
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Register: 0x%X width=%u size=%zu offset=%u addr=%p", curr->start_address, curr->entity_count(),
+             curr->get_register_size(), curr->offset, curr);
+    bool join = builder.can_join(curr) &&
+                (builder.try_reuse_register(curr) || builder.try_extend(curr) || builder.try_cover(curr));
+    if (!join && builder.always_declined(curr)) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "reuse_previous_range on 0x%X cannot join the previous range; starting a new range",
+               curr->start_address);
     }
-
-    // Sensors on the same start address have to share one range: a response is dispatched to a single
-    // range per (start_address, register_type), so a second range with that key would never receive
-    // data. This holds for force_new_range and custom entities too. The read widens to cover whichever
-    // sensor needs the most registers, which also fixes a short read for coils that use offset.
-    if (!join && have_range && r.register_type == curr->register_type && r.start_address == curr->start_address) {
-      curr->offset = curr->offset_from_start_address;  // shares the range start
-      r.register_count = std::max(r.register_count, curr->register_count);
-      range_bytes = std::max(range_bytes, curr->get_register_size());
-      range_custom_size = range_custom_size || custom_size;
-      range_shared = true;
-      range_forced = range_forced || curr->force_new_range;
-      join = true;
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Share range start 0x%X", curr->start_address);
-    }
-
-    if (!join) {
-      if (have_range) {
-        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Add range 0x%X %d skip:%d", r.start_address, r.register_count, r.skip_updates);
-        this->create_polling_command_(std::move(r));
-      }
-      r = {};
-      range_bytes = curr->get_register_size();
-      range_custom_size = custom_size;
-      range_forced = curr->force_new_range;
-      range_shared = false;
-      curr->offset = curr->offset_from_start_address;
-      r.start_address = curr->start_address;
-      r.register_count = curr->register_count;
-      r.register_type = curr->register_type;
-      r.skip_updates = curr->skip_updates;
-      have_range = true;
-    } else if (curr->skip_updates != 0) {
-      // use the lowest non-zero skip_updates for the whole range (0 is the default and is excluded)
-      r.skip_updates = (r.skip_updates != 0) ? std::min(r.skip_updates, curr->skip_updates) : curr->skip_updates;
-    }
-
-    // Every member records its range's first register. The resolved offset is relative to it, so the
-    // two together give the sensor's real position, and the address a write entity targets.
-    curr->range_start_address = r.start_address;
-    r.sensors.insert(curr);
-    prev = curr;
+    join = join || builder.try_share(curr);
+    if (!join)
+      builder.open(curr);
+    builder.record(curr);
   }
-  if (have_range) {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Add last range 0x%X %d skip:%d", r.start_address, r.register_count, r.skip_updates);
-    this->create_polling_command_(std::move(r));
+  builder.close();
+
+  this->polling_devices_.init(ranges.size());
+  for (auto &range : ranges) {
+    this->polling_devices_.emplace_back(*this, std::move(range));
   }
-  // Reclaim growth slack; safe here because nothing has registered with the hub yet (see the
-  // lifetime note on polling_command_items_).
-  this->polling_command_items_.shrink_to_fit();
 }
 
 void ModbusController::dump_config() {
@@ -355,18 +538,20 @@ void ModbusController::dump_config() {
 #if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "sensormap");
   for (auto &it : this->sensorset_) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, " Sensor type=%u start=0x%X offset=0x%X count=%d size=%zu",
-                  static_cast<uint8_t>(it->register_type), it->start_address, it->offset, it->register_count,
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, " Sensor type=%u start=0x%X offset=0x%X width=%u size=%zu",
+                  static_cast<uint8_t>(it->register_type), it->start_address, it->offset, it->entity_count(),
                   it->get_register_size());
   }
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "ranges");
-  for (auto &it : this->polling_command_items_) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Range type=%u start=0x%X count=%d skip_updates=%d", static_cast<uint8_t>(it.register_type()),
-                  it.register_address(), it.register_count(), it.skip_updates);
+  for (auto &it : this->polling_devices_) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Range type=%u start=0x%X count=%d", static_cast<uint8_t>(it.register_type()),
+                  it.register_address(), it.register_count());
   }
 #endif
 }
 
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
 void ModbusController::on_write_register_response(EntityType register_type, uint16_t start_address,
                                                   std::span<const uint8_t> data) {
   // A well-formed write ACK echoes address and value, but a truncated PDU yields a short/empty span.
@@ -426,14 +611,15 @@ ModbusCommandItem ModbusCommandItem::create_write_multiple_coils(ModbusControlle
     modbusdevice->on_write_register_response(register_type, start_address, data);
   };
 
-  uint8_t *p = cmd.payload.init((values.size() + 7) / 8);
-  memset(p, 0, (values.size() + 7) / 8);
-  size_t bit = 0;
-  for (auto coil : values) {
-    if (coil) {
-      p[bit / 8] |= (1 << (bit % 8));
-    }
-    bit++;
+  // Pack through the shared bit view (MutablePackedBits) so the coil wire layout lives in one place
+  // instead of an open-coded loop.
+  const size_t byte_count = modbus::packed_bit_bytes(values.size());
+  uint8_t *p = cmd.payload.init(byte_count);
+  memset(p, 0, byte_count);
+  modbus::MutablePackedBits bits(std::span<uint8_t>(p, byte_count), static_cast<uint16_t>(values.size()));
+  for (size_t i = 0; i != values.size(); i++) {
+    if (values[i])
+      bits.set(i, true);
   }
   return cmd;
 }
@@ -491,24 +677,28 @@ ModbusCommandItem ModbusCommandItem::create_custom_command(
   return cmd;
 }
 
-bool ModbusCommandItem::send() {
+bool ModbusCommandItem::send(modbus::CommandOptions options) {
+  // Options pass straight through to the hub
   bool accepted;
-  if (this->function_code_ != FunctionCode::CUSTOM) {
-    accepted = this->send_pdu(modbus::helpers::create_client_pdu(
-        this->function_code_, this->start_address_, this->register_count_,
-        this->payload.empty() ? nullptr : this->payload.data(), this->payload.size()));
+  if (this->custom_pdu_ != nullptr) {
+    // Custom polling command: send the sensor's ready-made PDU (function code + data, no address byte)
+    // to this controller's own device address; the hub prepends the address and appends the CRC.
+    accepted = modbus::ModbusClientDevice::queue_pdu(std::span<const uint8_t>(*this->custom_pdu_), options);
+  } else if (this->function_code_ != FunctionCode::CUSTOM) {
+    accepted = this->queue_pdu(modbus::helpers::create_client_pdu(
+                                   this->function_code_, this->start_address_, this->register_count_,
+                                   this->payload.empty() ? nullptr : this->payload.data(), this->payload.size()),
+                               options);
   } else {
-    // Custom command: the bytes are a complete raw frame (address + PDU). Send the PDU to the frame's own
-    // address (which may differ from this controller's); the hub appends the CRC and routes the response
-    // back to this item by pointer. (send_raw() is deprecated, so send_pdu() is called with the extracted
-    // address. Raw-frame semantics are kept here; the custom_pdu migration is a later step.)
-    std::span<const uint8_t> frame =
-        this->custom_data_ != nullptr ? std::span<const uint8_t>(*this->custom_data_) : this->payload;
+    // Factory custom command: payload holds a complete raw frame (address + PDU). Send the PDU to the
+    // frame's own address (which may differ from this controller's); the hub appends the CRC and routes
+    // the response back to this item by pointer.
+    std::span<const uint8_t> frame = this->payload;
     if (frame.empty()) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Empty custom command frame, not sent");
       accepted = false;
     } else {
-      accepted = this->parent_->send_pdu(frame[0], frame.subspan(1), this);
+      accepted = this->parent_->queue_pdu(frame[0], frame.subspan(1), this, options);
     }
   }
   // The on_command_sent trigger fires from on_sent() when the frame actually reaches the wire.
@@ -518,5 +708,6 @@ bool ModbusCommandItem::send() {
   }
   return accepted;
 }
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
 
 }  // namespace esphome::modbus_controller
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/modbus_controller.h b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/modbus_controller.h
index fb0037a0e6..821c500a31 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/modbus_controller.h
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/modbus_controller.h
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 #include "esphome/components/modbus/modbus.h"
 #include "esphome/components/modbus/modbus_helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 
 #include <list>
@@ -125,6 +126,16 @@ inline std::vector<uint16_t> float_to_payload(float value, SensorValueType value
 
 class ModbusController;
 
+/// How an item relates to the register range built just before it (same register type, address order).
+/// The numeric order doubles as the comparator tiebreak for items at the same address (see
+/// SensorItemsComparator): AUTO items form the shared range first, so a NEVER item comes last and
+/// shares a range it did not start (items on one address must share, see create_polling_commands_()).
+enum class RangeReuse : uint8_t {
+  AUTO = 0,    // join when adjacent and the position in the reply is exact (no non-standard response_size ahead)
+  ALWAYS = 1,  // join unconditionally, reading across any address gap
+  NEVER = 2,   // never join backward (later items may still extend this item's range)
+};
+
 class SensorItem {
  public:
   /// Parse this sensor's slice out of its range's response and publish it. The span points into the
@@ -157,12 +168,27 @@ class SensorItem {
     this->range_start_address = address;
   }
 
-  void set_custom_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) { custom_data = data; }
+  void set_custom_pdu(std::initializer_list<uint8_t> pdu) { this->custom_pdu.set(pdu.begin(), pdu.size()); }
+
+  /// Entities this item spans: one bit for bit-addressed types, ceil(bytes / 2) registers for RAW
+  /// with a response_size, else the value type's register width.
+  virtual uint16_t entity_count() const {
+    if (modbus::helpers::is_entity_type_binary(this->register_type)) {
+      return 1;
+    }
+    if (this->sensor_value_type == SensorValueType::RAW && this->response_bytes > 0) {
+      return (this->response_bytes + 1) / 2;
+    }
+    return modbus::helpers::register_width_for(this->sensor_value_type);
+  }
+
+  /// Bytes this item's registers occupy in a response: one per bit for bit-addressed types; response_size
+  /// when set (devices that answer more bytes per register than the standard two); else two per register.
   size_t virtual get_register_size() const {
     if (this->addresses_bits()) {
       return 1;
     } else {  // if CONF_RESPONSE_BYTES is used override the default
-      return response_bytes > 0 ? response_bytes : register_count * 2;
+      return response_bytes > 0 ? response_bytes : this->entity_count() * 2;
     }
   }
   // Override register size for modbus devices not using 1 register for one dword
@@ -176,7 +202,6 @@ class SensorItem {
   /// for the registers ahead of it (including wide response_size ones) and for any offset inherited
   /// from an earlier sensor sharing the same register.
   uint8_t offset{0};
-  uint8_t register_count{0};
   uint8_t response_bytes{0};
   /// The offset exactly as configured: measured from this sensor's own start_address, where `offset`
   /// is measured from the first register of the range it ends up polled in. Same units as `offset` -
@@ -186,9 +211,8 @@ class SensorItem {
   uint8_t offset_from_start_address{0};
   /// First register of the range this sensor is polled in; equals start_address for an unpolled item.
   uint16_t range_start_address{0};
-  uint16_t skip_updates{0};
-  std::vector<uint8_t> custom_data{};
-  bool force_new_range{false};
+  SmallInlineBuffer<8> custom_pdu{};
+  RangeReuse reuse_previous_range{RangeReuse::AUTO};
 };
 
 // ModbusController::create_polling_commands_ tries to optimize register range
@@ -201,16 +225,17 @@ class SensorItemsComparator {
       return lhs->register_type < rhs->register_type;
     }
 
-    // ensure that sensor with force_new_range set are before the others
-    if (lhs->force_new_range != rhs->force_new_range) {
-      return lhs->force_new_range > rhs->force_new_range;
-    }
-
     // sort by start address
     if (lhs->start_address != rhs->start_address) {
       return lhs->start_address < rhs->start_address;
     }
 
+    // at the same address: AUTO before ALWAYS before NEVER, so a NEVER item never starts the range
+    // the others at that address are then forced to share (see RangeReuse)
+    if (lhs->reuse_previous_range != rhs->reuse_previous_range) {
+      return lhs->reuse_previous_range < rhs->reuse_previous_range;
+    }
+
     // sort by the offset as configured (ensures update of sensors in ascending order). The resolved
     // `offset` is deliberately not used: ranges are built while iterating this set and assign it, and
     // a sort key that changed under the iteration would corrupt the set's ordering.
@@ -229,15 +254,149 @@ using SensorSet = std::set<SensorItem *, SensorItemsComparator>;
 struct RegisterRange {
   uint16_t start_address;
   modbus::EntityType register_type;
-  uint8_t register_count;
-  uint16_t skip_updates;  // the config value
-  SensorSet sensors;      // all sensors of this range
+  uint16_t register_count;  // registers (or bits) the poll command reads; joins across gaps can exceed 255
+  SensorSet sensors;        // all sensors of this range
+  /// A custom range polls this PDU, referenced from the sensor that opened the range.
+  const SmallInlineBuffer<8> *custom_pdu{nullptr};
+};
+
+/// The shared feedback half of a controller-owned hub device: online/offline tracking, retry counting
+/// and the on_command_sent trigger all route to the controller from here. The hub base is inherited
+/// protected, so a subclass chooses exactly what request API it exposes.
+class ControllerDevice : protected modbus::ModbusClientDevice {
+ public:
+  // Public: only the owner can reach this instance, so reachability is the access gate.
+  void set_controller(ModbusController *controller);
+
+ protected:
+  ControllerDevice() = default;  // WriterEntity's member is wired later via set_controller()
+  explicit ControllerDevice(ModbusController *controller) { this->set_controller(controller); }
+
+  void on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) override;
+  void on_error(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, modbus::ExceptionCode exception_code) override;
+  void on_sent(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) override;
+  void on_not_sent(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) override;
+  bool on_no_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) override;
+
+  void notify_online_(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu);
+
+  /// Write-path state owned by WriterEntity's forwarders, stored here so both bools land in the base's
+  /// tail padding instead of adding a word to every writer entity. The warn flag leaves in 2027.3.0.
+  bool dispatched_{false};
+  bool write_buffer_deprecated_warned_{false};
+  ModbusController *controller_{nullptr};
+};
+
+/// The write side of a ControllerDevice, owned by the writer entities through WriterEntity, whose
+/// forwarders re-expose exactly the request API a write lambda may use and record every dispatch.
+class WriterDevice final : public ControllerDevice {
+ public:
+  using modbus::ModbusClientDevice::clear_tx_queue_for_device;
+  using modbus::ModbusClientDevice::queue_pdu;
+  using modbus::ModbusClientDevice::write_multiple_coils;
+  using modbus::ModbusClientDevice::write_multiple_registers;
+  using modbus::ModbusClientDevice::write_single_coil;
+  using modbus::ModbusClientDevice::write_single_register;
+
+  /// Send a legacy raw frame (address + function code + data) to the frame's own address.
+  /// Serves only the deprecated write_lambda buffer path. Remove before 2027.3.0.
+  bool send_raw_frame_deprecated(std::span<const uint8_t> frame);
+
+  bool dispatched() const { return this->dispatched_; }
+  void set_dispatched() { this->dispatched_ = true; }
+  void clear_dispatched() { this->dispatched_ = false; }
+  /// Warn once per entity that filling the write_lambda buffer parameter is deprecated (the entity is now the
+  /// command - call a write helper / queue_pdu() on `item` instead). The buffer parameter is removed in 2027.3.0.
+  void warn_write_buffer_deprecated(const LogString *platform, uint16_t address);
+
+ protected:
+  // Only the write side forwards to the typed callbacks (for item->queue_pdu() replies): a poll parses
+  // its own response, and dispatching its errors would trip the base unhandled-custom-response warning.
+  void on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) override;
+  void on_error(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, modbus::ExceptionCode exception_code) override;
+};
+
+/// Gives a writer entity the write API of the WriterDevice it owns. The device is a member, not a base:
+/// the mixin declares no virtual function, so an entity mixing it in gains no second vtable and all the
+/// writer platforms share the single WriterDevice vtable instead of each emitting its own copy.
+/// The forwarders keep `item->write_*()` working unchanged inside a write_lambda, and record every
+/// dispatch, so the write path can tell "the lambda sent it itself" from "use the default write".
+class WriterEntity {
+ public:
+  /// Whether the lambda called a request helper since the last clear_dispatched_(). Deliberately records
+  /// the call, not the hub's accept/refuse: a refused lambda write must not fall through to the default write.
+  bool dispatched() const { return this->device_.dispatched(); }
+  bool write_single_register(uint16_t address, uint16_t value) {
+    this->device_.set_dispatched();
+    return this->device_.write_single_register(address, value);
+  }
+  bool write_single_coil(uint16_t address, bool value) {
+    this->device_.set_dispatched();
+    return this->device_.write_single_coil(address, value);
+  }
+  bool write_multiple_registers(uint16_t address, std::span<const uint16_t> values) {
+    this->device_.set_dispatched();
+    return this->device_.write_multiple_registers(address, values);
+  }
+  bool write_multiple_coils(uint16_t address, std::span<const bool> values) {
+    this->device_.set_dispatched();
+    return this->device_.write_multiple_coils(address, values);
+  }
+  bool write_multiple_coils(uint16_t address, modbus::PackedBits bits) {
+    this->device_.set_dispatched();
+    return this->device_.write_multiple_coils(address, bits);
+  }
+  bool queue_pdu(std::span<const uint8_t> pdu, modbus::CommandOptions options = {}) {
+    this->device_.set_dispatched();
+    return this->device_.queue_pdu(pdu, options);
+  }
+  void clear_tx_queue_for_device() { this->device_.clear_tx_queue_for_device(); }
+
+ protected:
+  bool send_raw_frame_deprecated_(std::span<const uint8_t> frame) {
+    this->device_.set_dispatched();
+    return this->device_.send_raw_frame_deprecated(frame);
+  }
+  void set_controller_(ModbusController *controller) { this->device_.set_controller(controller); }
+  void clear_dispatched_() { this->device_.clear_dispatched(); }
+  void warn_write_buffer_deprecated_(const LogString *platform, uint16_t address) {
+    this->device_.warn_write_buffer_deprecated(platform, address);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // Private so a derived entity cannot reach the device except through the recording forwarders above.
+  WriterDevice device_;
+};
+
+/// A persistent hub device that polls one register range - the read-side mirror of WriterDevice.
+/// Owned by the controller, one per range; the response is parsed straight to the range's sensors.
+class PollingDevice final : public ControllerDevice {
+ public:
+  PollingDevice(ModbusController &controller, RegisterRange &&range);
+
+  /// Queue this range's read (or its sensor's custom PDU) on the hub. False = refused, no callback follows.
+  bool queue(modbus::CommandOptions options = {});
+
+  uint16_t register_address() const { return this->range_.start_address; }
+  uint16_t register_count() const { return this->range_.register_count; }
+  EntityType register_type() const { return this->range_.register_type; }
+
+ protected:
+  void on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) override;
+
+  RegisterRange range_;
 };
 
 /// A single modbus command. Each command is its own ModbusClientDevice: it sends its frame to the hub
 /// and the hub routes the response back to this object's on_modbus_* callbacks, so the controller no
 /// longer has to match responses to a FIFO queue.
-class ModbusCommandItem : public modbus::ModbusClientDevice {
+// The deprecated class references other deprecated names. Remove before 2027.3.0.
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+class ESPDEPRECATED(
+    "One-shot writes go through the entity write helpers (WriterDevice) or the modbus_client actions, and "
+    "polling runs through PollingDevice. Removed in 2027.3.0",
+    "2026.9.0") ModbusCommandItem : public modbus::ModbusClientDevice {
  public:
   /// Empty command with no controller connection (kept for source compatibility with value-type usage).
   ModbusCommandItem(ModbusController &controller, modbus::ModbusClientHub *parent, uint8_t address)
@@ -257,7 +416,6 @@ class ModbusCommandItem : public modbus::ModbusClientDevice {
   ModbusCommandItem &operator=(ModbusCommandItem &&) = delete;
 
   SensorSet sensors;  // sensors served by this command (empty for factory/write commands)
-  uint16_t skip_updates{0};
   std::function<void(EntityType register_type, uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint8_t> data)> on_data_func;
   /// Write data bytes for the command (register/coil values), or the raw frame of a one-shot custom
   /// command; reads leave it empty. Small-buffer optimized: fixed-size commands (single-register/coil
@@ -287,7 +445,9 @@ class ModbusCommandItem : public modbus::ModbusClientDevice {
   /// Queue this command's frame on the hub. Returns false when refused, in which case no callback ever comes.
   /// The item is the hub device, so it must stay alive until its terminal callback; a destroyed item's
   /// pending frame is silently retired.
-  bool send();
+  /// Options pass straight through to the hub; the polling path passes the controller's read-side
+  /// options so reads re-queue after each success, one-shot commands keep the default.
+  bool send(modbus::CommandOptions options = {});
 
   /// factory methods
   /** Create modbus read command
@@ -378,9 +538,10 @@ class ModbusCommandItem : public modbus::ModbusClientDevice {
   uint16_t register_count_{0};
   FunctionCode function_code_{FunctionCode::CUSTOM};
   /// Custom polling commands reference the PDU bytes owned by their SensorItem instead of copying them.
-  const std::vector<uint8_t> *custom_data_{nullptr};
+  const SmallInlineBuffer<8> *custom_pdu_{nullptr};
   ModbusController *controller_{nullptr};
 };
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
 
 /// Whether an offline probe is due this update cycle: every offline_skip_updates + 1 cycles,
 /// anchored at the cycle the device went offline. Pure so the cadence (including update_counter
@@ -399,30 +560,39 @@ inline bool offline_retry_due(uint16_t update_counter, uint16_t module_offline_a
 
 class ModbusController final : public PollingComponent {
  public:
+  // The controller is not itself a modbus device - its commands and writer entities send as their own
+  // devices, built against this hub + address.
+  ModbusController(modbus::ModbusClientHub *hub, uint8_t address) : hub_(hub), address_(address) {}
+
   void dump_config() override;
   // No loop() override: the hub owns transmit/receive timing and each command routes its own
   // response, so the controller never joins the looping components at all.
   void setup() override;
   void update() override;
 
-  // The controller is not itself a modbus device - its commands and writer entities send as their own
-  // devices. It only owns the hub + address so those senders can be built against them.
-  void set_parent(modbus::ModbusClientHub *hub) { this->hub_ = hub; }
-  void set_address(uint8_t address) { this->address_ = address; }
-
   /// The hub and modbus address this controller talks to. Used to build commands/entities that send as
   /// their own device.
   modbus::ModbusClientHub *hub() const { return this->hub_; }
   uint8_t device_address() const { return this->address_; }
 
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
   /// Queues a one-shot modbus command (writes, custom commands); taken by value, so std::move to avoid a copy.
+  /// Remove with ModbusCommandItem before 2027.3.0.
+  ESPDEPRECATED("Use the entity write helpers or the modbus_client actions instead. Removed in 2027.3.0", "2026.9.0")
   void queue_command(ModbusCommandItem command);
   /// Flags a finished one-shot command for removal. Called by the command as the last action of its own
   /// callback, so the item is not destroyed here (send() and the hub still touch it) but swept later.
+  /// Remove with ModbusCommandItem before 2027.3.0.
+  ESPDEPRECATED("Serves only ModbusCommandItem's own callbacks. Removed in 2027.3.0", "2026.9.0")
   void unqueue_command(const ModbusCommandItem *command);
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
   /// Registers a sensor with the controller. Called by esphomes code generator
   void add_sensor_item(SensorItem *item) { sensorset_.insert(item); }
   /// Handles a write command acknowledgement (used by write command on_data_func handlers).
+  /// Remove with ModbusCommandItem before 2027.3.0.
+  ESPDEPRECATED("Write acknowledgements are handled by the writing entity's own device. Removed in 2027.3.0",
+                "2026.9.0")
   void on_write_register_response(EntityType register_type, uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint8_t> data);
   /// Update the online/offline state after a response or a run of timeouts, firing the callbacks.
   void set_online(bool online, int function_code, int register_address);
@@ -455,38 +625,28 @@ class ModbusController final : public PollingComponent {
   void set_max_cmd_retries(uint8_t max_cmd_retries) { this->max_cmd_retries_ = max_cmd_retries; }
   /// get how many times a command will be (re)sent if no response is received
   uint8_t get_max_cmd_retries() { return this->max_cmd_retries_; }
+  /// called by esphome generated code with the read-side command options applied to every poll
+  void set_read_options(modbus::CommandOptions options) { this->read_options_ = options; }
+  /// the read-side command options applied to every poll
+  const modbus::CommandOptions &read_options() const { return this->read_options_; }
 
  protected:
-  /// parse sensormap_ and create range of sequential addresses
-  /// Group the registered sensors into contiguous ranges and create one polling command per range.
+  /// Group the registered sensors into contiguous ranges and create one PollingDevice per range.
   void create_polling_commands_();
-  /// build one persistent polling command from a range and add it to polling_command_items_
-  void create_polling_command_(RegisterRange &&range) {
-    // A custom range polls the first sensor's custom_data (a ready-made raw frame); it needs the
-    // sensor constructor so the command references those bytes and decodes the real function code.
-    // The response still dispatches to every sensor in the range.
-    if (range.register_type == EntityType::CUSTOM && !range.sensors.empty()) {
-      auto &cmd = this->polling_command_items_.emplace_back(*this, this->hub_, this->address_, *range.sensors.begin());
-      cmd.sensors = std::move(range.sensors);
-      cmd.skip_updates = range.skip_updates;  // the range's merged rate, not the first sensor's
-    } else {
-      this->polling_command_items_.emplace_back(*this, this->hub_, this->address_, std::move(range));
-    }
-  }
-  /// send a range's polling command if it is due this update
-  void update_range_(ModbusCommandItem &cmd);
   /// The hub this controller's commands/entities send through, and the modbus address they target.
   modbus::ModbusClientHub *hub_{nullptr};
   uint8_t address_{0};
   /// Collection of all sensors for this component
   SensorSet sensorset_;
-  /// One persistent command per register range, each its own ModbusClientDevice. Built once in setup()
-  /// (create_polling_commands_ feeds each range straight in; the vector may reallocate as it grows, which
-  /// is safe because no command has registered with the hub yet) and never appended to afterward, so the
-  /// hub's device pointers stay valid once commands start sending.
-  std::vector<ModbusCommandItem> polling_command_items_{};
+  /// One persistent PollingDevice per register range. Built once in setup() with the exact count
+  /// (FixedVector never reallocates), so the hub's device pointers stay valid once polls start sending.
+  FixedVector<PollingDevice> polling_devices_;
   /// Dynamically queued one-shot commands (writes, custom commands). std::list keeps stable addresses.
+  /// Remove with ModbusCommandItem before 2027.3.0.
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
   std::list<std::unique_ptr<ModbusCommandItem>> one_shot_command_items_;
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
   /// Erases one-shot commands flagged by unqueue_command(). Safe even when reached from inside a hub
   /// callback (via an on_online/on_offline/on_command_sent automation that queues a command): the
   /// destructor detaches via clear_tx_queue_for_device(), which the hub allows from callbacks, and the
@@ -496,7 +656,7 @@ class ModbusController final : public PollingComponent {
   bool module_offline_{false};
   /// update_counter_ value at which the module went offline (for offline_skip_updates timing)
   uint16_t module_offline_at_{0};
-  /// counts update() cycles; drives skip_updates and offline timing
+  /// counts update() cycles; drives the offline-retry cadence
   uint16_t update_counter_{0};
   /// consecutive non-responses; drives can_send() and offline detection
   uint8_t cmd_non_responses_{0};
@@ -504,6 +664,8 @@ class ModbusController final : public PollingComponent {
   uint16_t offline_skip_updates_{0};
   /// How many times we will retry a command if we get no response
   uint8_t max_cmd_retries_{4};
+  /// read-side command options applied to every poll
+  modbus::CommandOptions read_options_{};
   /// Command sent callback
   CallbackManager<void(int, int)> command_sent_callback_{};
   /// Server online callback
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/number/__init__.py b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/number/__init__.py
index 7563adfad9..6f7bf588af 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/number/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/number/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import number
 from esphome.components.modbus.helpers import (
     MODBUS_WRITE_REGISTER_TYPE,
     SENSOR_VALUE_TYPE,
+    RegisterValues,
 )
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
@@ -13,21 +14,25 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_MULTIPLY,
     CONF_STEP,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
+    RANGE_REUSE,
     ModbusItemBaseSchema,
     SensorItem,
     add_modbus_base_properties,
     modbus_calc_properties,
     modbus_controller_ns,
+    validate_custom_pdu_item,
+    validate_range_reuse_migration,
 )
 from ..const import (
     CONF_BITMASK,
     CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND,
-    CONF_FORCE_NEW_RANGE,
+    CONF_CUSTOM_PDU,
     CONF_MODBUS_CONTROLLER_ID,
     CONF_REGISTER_TYPE,
-    CONF_SKIP_UPDATES,
+    CONF_REUSE_PREVIOUS_RANGE,
     CONF_USE_WRITE_MULTIPLE,
     CONF_VALUE_TYPE,
     CONF_WRITE_LAMBDA,
@@ -42,7 +47,7 @@ ModbusNumber = modbus_controller_ns.class_(
 )
 
 
-def validate_min_max(config):
+def validate_min_max(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if config[CONF_MAX_VALUE] <= config[CONF_MIN_VALUE]:
         raise cv.Invalid("max_value must be greater than min_value")
     if config[CONF_MIN_VALUE] < -16777215:
@@ -52,10 +57,12 @@ def validate_min_max(config):
     return config
 
 
-def validate_modbus_number(config):
-    if CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND not in config and CONF_ADDRESS not in config:
+def validate_modbus_number(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    # custom_command is the deprecated alias for custom_pdu (migrated later in final validate).
+    has_custom = CONF_CUSTOM_PDU in config or CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND in config
+    if not has_custom and CONF_ADDRESS not in config:
         raise cv.Invalid(
-            f" {CONF_ADDRESS} is a required property if '{CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND}:' isn't used"
+            f" {CONF_ADDRESS} is a required property if '{CONF_CUSTOM_PDU}:' isn't used"
         )
     return config
 
@@ -81,11 +88,14 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     ),
     validate_min_max,
     validate_modbus_number,
+    validate_range_reuse_migration,
 )
 
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = validate_custom_pdu_item
 
-async def to_code(config):
-    byte_offset, reg_count = modbus_calc_properties(config)
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    byte_offset = modbus_calc_properties(config)
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(
         config[CONF_ID],
         config[CONF_REGISTER_TYPE],
@@ -93,9 +103,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         byte_offset,
         config[CONF_BITMASK],
         config[CONF_VALUE_TYPE],
-        reg_count,
-        config[CONF_SKIP_UPDATES],
-        config[CONF_FORCE_NEW_RANGE],
+        RANGE_REUSE[config[CONF_REUSE_PREVIOUS_RANGE]],
     )
 
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
@@ -120,7 +128,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             [
                 (ModbusNumber.operator("ptr"), "item"),
                 (cg.float_, "x"),
-                (cg.std_vector.template(cg.uint16).operator("ref"), "payload"),
+                (RegisterValues.operator("ref"), "payload"),
             ],
             return_type=cg.optional.template(float),
         )
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/number/modbus_number.cpp b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/number/modbus_number.cpp
index 7903b2e317..aff05cd517 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/number/modbus_number.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/number/modbus_number.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-#include <vector>
 #include "modbus_number.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
@@ -29,62 +28,73 @@ void ModbusNumber::parse_and_publish(std::span<const uint8_t> data) {
 }
 
 void ModbusNumber::control(float value) {
-  optional<ModbusCommandItem> write_cmd;
-  std::vector<uint16_t> data;
+  this->clear_dispatched_();
+  // A new write supersedes this entity's own not-yet-sent writes: drop them (and detach any in-flight one)
+  // so a rapidly-changing value writes the latest, not every intermediate.
+  this->clear_tx_queue_for_device();
+  modbus::RegisterValues data;
   float write_value = value;
-  // Is there are lambda configured?
   if (this->write_transform_func_.has_value()) {
-    // data is passed by reference
-    // the lambda can fill the empty vector directly
-    // in that case the return value is ignored
+    // The lambda may drive the write itself via item->write_*(), override the value (return a value), or
+    // (deprecated) fill `data` with the register words to write.
     auto val = (*this->write_transform_func_)(this, value, data);
-    if (val.has_value()) {
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Value overwritten by lambda");
-      write_value = val.value();
-    } else {
+    if (this->dispatched()) {
+      this->publish_state(value);
+      return;
+    }
+    if (!data.empty()) {
+      // Deprecated buffer path (frozen): the lambda filled a legacy raw frame as words; pack it big-endian.
+      this->warn_write_buffer_deprecated_(LOG_STR("number"), this->start_address);
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
+      char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_uint16_size(MODBUS_NUMBER_MAX_LOG_REGISTERS)];
+#endif
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Modbus Number write raw: %s",
+               format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, sizeof(hex_buf), data.data(), data.size()));
+      // Sized to hold RegisterValues at capacity, so a full buffer can never truncate into a valid frame.
+      StaticVector<uint8_t, modbus::MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ * 2> bytes;
+      for (uint16_t word : data) {
+        const auto word_bytes = decode_value(word);
+        bytes.push_back(word_bytes[0]);
+        bytes.push_back(word_bytes[1]);
+      }
+      if (!this->send_raw_frame_deprecated_(std::span<const uint8_t>(bytes.data(), bytes.size()))) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Modbus write for '%s' was refused by the hub; state not published", this->get_name().c_str());
+        return;
+      }
+      this->publish_state(value);
+      return;
+    }
+    if (!val.has_value()) {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Communication handled by lambda - exiting control");
       return;
     }
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Value overwritten by lambda");
+    write_value = val.value();
   } else {
     write_value = this->multiply_by_ * write_value;
   }
 
-  if (!data.empty()) {
-#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
-    char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_uint16_size(MODBUS_NUMBER_MAX_LOG_REGISTERS)];
-#endif
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Modbus Number write raw: %s",
-             format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, sizeof(hex_buf), data.data(), data.size()));
-    write_cmd.emplace(ModbusCommandItem::create_custom_command(
-        this->parent_, data,
-        [this](modbus::EntityType register_type, uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint8_t> data) {
-          this->parent_->on_write_register_response(register_type, this->start_address, data);
-        }));
-  } else {
-    std::vector<uint16_t> payload;
-    modbus::helpers::float_to_payload(payload, write_value, this->sensor_value_type);
+  modbus::helpers::float_to_payload(data, write_value, this->sensor_value_type);
+  // float_to_payload() appends nothing for RAW, so an empty payload must be caught before data[0] below.
+  if (data.empty()) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "No payload was created for updating number");
+    return;
+  }
 
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG,
-             "Updating register: connected Sensor=%s start address=0x%X register count=%d new value=%.02f (val=%.02f)",
-             this->get_name().c_str(), this->start_address, this->register_count, value, write_value);
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG,
+           "Updating register: connected Sensor=%s start address=0x%X register count=%d new value=%.02f (val=%.02f)",
+           this->get_name().c_str(), this->start_address, this->entity_count(), value, write_value);
 
-    // Create and send the write command
-    if (this->register_count == 1 && !this->use_write_multiple_) {
-      write_cmd.emplace(
-          ModbusCommandItem::create_write_single_command(this->parent_, this->write_address(), payload[0]));
-    } else {
-      write_cmd.emplace(ModbusCommandItem::create_write_multiple_command(this->parent_, this->write_address(),
-                                                                         this->register_count, payload));
-    }
-    // publish new value
-    write_cmd->on_data_func = [this, value](modbus::EntityType register_type, uint16_t start_address,
-                                            std::span<const uint8_t> data) {
-      // gets called when the write command is ack'd from the device
-      this->parent_->on_write_register_response(register_type, start_address, data);
-      this->publish_state(value);
-    };
+  bool queued;
+  if (this->entity_count() == 1 && !this->use_write_multiple_) {
+    queued = this->write_single_register(this->write_address(), data[0]);
+  } else {
+    queued = this->write_multiple_registers(this->write_address(), data);
+  }
+  if (!queued) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Modbus write for '%s' was refused by the hub; state not published", this->get_name().c_str());
+    return;
   }
-  this->parent_->queue_command(std::move(*write_cmd));
   this->publish_state(value);
 }
 void ModbusNumber::dump_config() { LOG_NUMBER(TAG, "Modbus Number", this); }
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/number/modbus_number.h b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/number/modbus_number.h
index 1f0d0581eb..a61840cf5b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/number/modbus_number.h
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/number/modbus_number.h
@@ -10,28 +10,26 @@ namespace esphome::modbus_controller {
 
 using value_to_data_t = std::function<float>(float);
 
-class ModbusNumber final : public number::Number, public Component, public SensorItem {
+class ModbusNumber final : public number::Number, public Component, public SensorItem, public WriterEntity {
  public:
   ModbusNumber(modbus::EntityType register_type, uint16_t start_address, uint8_t offset, uint32_t bitmask,
-               SensorValueType value_type, int register_count, uint16_t skip_updates, bool force_new_range) {
+               SensorValueType value_type, RangeReuse reuse_previous_range) {
     this->register_type = register_type;
     this->set_address(start_address);
     this->set_offset_from_start_address(offset);
     this->bitmask = bitmask;
     this->sensor_value_type = value_type;
-    this->register_count = register_count;
-    this->skip_updates = skip_updates;
-    this->force_new_range = force_new_range;
+    this->reuse_previous_range = reuse_previous_range;
   };
 
   void dump_config() override;
   void parse_and_publish(std::span<const uint8_t> data) override;
   float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::HARDWARE; }
-  void set_parent(ModbusController *parent) { this->parent_ = parent; }
+  void set_parent(ModbusController *parent) { this->set_controller_(parent); }
   void set_write_multiply(float factor) { this->multiply_by_ = factor; }
 
   using transform_func_t = optional<float> (*)(ModbusNumber *, float, std::span<const uint8_t>);
-  using write_transform_func_t = optional<float> (*)(ModbusNumber *, float, std::vector<uint16_t> &);
+  using write_transform_func_t = optional<float> (*)(ModbusNumber *, float, modbus::RegisterValues &);
   void set_template(transform_func_t f) { this->transform_func_ = f; }
   void set_write_template(write_transform_func_t f) { this->write_transform_func_ = f; }
   void set_use_write_mutiple(bool use_write_multiple) { this->use_write_multiple_ = use_write_multiple; }
@@ -40,7 +38,6 @@ class ModbusNumber final : public number::Number, public Component, public Senso
   void control(float value) override;
   optional<transform_func_t> transform_func_{nullopt};
   optional<write_transform_func_t> write_transform_func_{nullopt};
-  ModbusController *parent_{nullptr};
   float multiply_by_{1.0};
   bool use_write_multiple_{false};
 };
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/output/__init__.py b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/output/__init__.py
index 27d212d58d..0e8d5363d7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/output/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/output/__init__.py
@@ -1,24 +1,39 @@
+import logging
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
-from esphome.components.modbus.helpers import SENSOR_VALUE_TYPE
+from esphome.components.modbus.helpers import (
+    SENSOR_VALUE_TYPE,
+    PduBuffer,
+    RegisterValues,
+)
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ADDRESS, CONF_ID, CONF_MULTIPLY
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     ModbusItemBaseSchema,
     SensorItem,
+    entity_label,
     modbus_calc_properties,
     modbus_controller_ns,
+    reject_odd_holding_write_offset,
 )
 from ..const import (
     CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND,
+    CONF_CUSTOM_PDU,
+    CONF_FORCE_NEW_RANGE,
     CONF_MODBUS_CONTROLLER_ID,
+    CONF_REGISTER_COUNT,
     CONF_REGISTER_TYPE,
+    CONF_REUSE_PREVIOUS_RANGE,
     CONF_USE_WRITE_MULTIPLE,
     CONF_VALUE_TYPE,
     CONF_WRITE_LAMBDA,
 )
 
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
 DEPENDENCIES = ["modbus_controller"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@martgras"]
 
@@ -31,43 +46,73 @@ ModbusBinaryOutput = modbus_controller_ns.class_(
 )
 
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.typed_schema(
-    {
-        "coil": output.BINARY_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(ModbusItemBaseSchema).extend(
-            {
-                cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(ModbusBinaryOutput),
-                cv.Required(CONF_ADDRESS): cv.positive_int,
-                cv.Optional(CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND): cv.invalid(
-                    "custom_command is not supported for outputs"
+def _warn_unused_range_options(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    # Outputs are write-only and never polled, so nothing here builds a range for them. The write
+    # spans whatever the payload holds, so register_count no longer bounds it either.
+    for key in (CONF_FORCE_NEW_RANGE, CONF_REGISTER_COUNT):
+        if config.pop(key, None) is not None:
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "%s: '%s' has no effect on outputs; remove it. Removed in 2027.3.0",
+                entity_label(config),
+                key,
+            )
+    if config.pop(CONF_REUSE_PREVIOUS_RANGE, None) not in (None, "auto"):
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"'{CONF_REUSE_PREVIOUS_RANGE}' has no effect on outputs: they are write-only and are "
+            f"never part of a polled range. Remove it."
+        )
+    return config
+
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    cv.typed_schema(
+        {
+            "coil": output.BINARY_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(ModbusItemBaseSchema).extend(
+                {
+                    cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(ModbusBinaryOutput),
+                    cv.Required(CONF_ADDRESS): cv.positive_int,
+                    cv.Optional(CONF_CUSTOM_PDU): cv.invalid(
+                        "custom_pdu is not supported for outputs; use a write_lambda instead"
+                    ),
+                    cv.Optional(CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND): cv.invalid(
+                        "custom_command is not supported for outputs; use a write_lambda instead"
+                    ),
+                    cv.Optional(CONF_WRITE_LAMBDA): cv.returning_lambda,
+                    cv.Optional(CONF_USE_WRITE_MULTIPLE, default=False): cv.boolean,
+                }
+            ),
+            "holding": cv.All(
+                output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(ModbusItemBaseSchema).extend(
+                    {
+                        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(ModbusFloatOutput),
+                        cv.Required(CONF_ADDRESS): cv.positive_int,
+                        cv.Optional(CONF_CUSTOM_PDU): cv.invalid(
+                            "custom_pdu is not supported for outputs; use a write_lambda instead"
+                        ),
+                        cv.Optional(CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND): cv.invalid(
+                            "custom_command is not supported for outputs; use a write_lambda instead"
+                        ),
+                        cv.Optional(CONF_VALUE_TYPE, default="U_WORD"): cv.enum(
+                            SENSOR_VALUE_TYPE
+                        ),
+                        cv.Optional(CONF_WRITE_LAMBDA): cv.returning_lambda,
+                        cv.Optional(CONF_MULTIPLY, default=1.0): cv.float_,
+                        cv.Optional(CONF_USE_WRITE_MULTIPLE, default=False): cv.boolean,
+                    }
                 ),
-                cv.Optional(CONF_WRITE_LAMBDA): cv.returning_lambda,
-                cv.Optional(CONF_USE_WRITE_MULTIPLE, default=False): cv.boolean,
-            }
-        ),
-        "holding": output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(ModbusItemBaseSchema).extend(
-            {
-                cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(ModbusFloatOutput),
-                cv.Required(CONF_ADDRESS): cv.positive_int,
-                cv.Optional(CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND): cv.invalid(
-                    "custom_command is not supported for outputs"
-                ),
-                cv.Optional(CONF_VALUE_TYPE, default="U_WORD"): cv.enum(
-                    SENSOR_VALUE_TYPE
-                ),
-                cv.Optional(CONF_WRITE_LAMBDA): cv.returning_lambda,
-                cv.Optional(CONF_MULTIPLY, default=1.0): cv.float_,
-                cv.Optional(CONF_USE_WRITE_MULTIPLE, default=False): cv.boolean,
-            }
-        ),
-    },
-    lower=True,
-    key=CONF_REGISTER_TYPE,
-    default_type="holding",
+                reject_odd_holding_write_offset,
+            ),
+        },
+        lower=True,
+        key=CONF_REGISTER_TYPE,
+        default_type="holding",
+    ),
+    _warn_unused_range_options,
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
-    byte_offset, reg_count = modbus_calc_properties(config)
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    byte_offset = modbus_calc_properties(config)
     # Binary Output
     write_template = None
     if config[CONF_REGISTER_TYPE] == "coil":
@@ -82,7 +127,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
                 [
                     (ModbusBinaryOutput.operator("ptr"), "item"),
                     (cg.bool_, "x"),
-                    (cg.std_vector.template(cg.uint8).operator("ref"), "payload"),
+                    (PduBuffer.operator("ref"), "payload"),
                 ],
                 return_type=cg.optional.template(bool),
             )
@@ -93,7 +138,6 @@ async def to_code(config):
             config[CONF_ADDRESS],
             byte_offset,
             config[CONF_VALUE_TYPE],
-            reg_count,
         )
         cg.add(var.set_write_multiply(config[CONF_MULTIPLY]))
         if CONF_WRITE_LAMBDA in config:
@@ -102,7 +146,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
                 [
                     (ModbusFloatOutput.operator("ptr"), "item"),
                     (cg.float_, "x"),
-                    (cg.std_vector.template(cg.uint16).operator("ref"), "payload"),
+                    (RegisterValues.operator("ref"), "payload"),
                 ],
                 return_type=cg.optional.template(float),
             )
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/output/modbus_output.cpp b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/output/modbus_output.cpp
index 48249f4387..ad29015d32 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/output/modbus_output.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/output/modbus_output.cpp
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
+#include <array>
+
 namespace esphome::modbus_controller {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "modbus_controller.output";
@@ -13,60 +15,62 @@ static constexpr size_t MODBUS_OUTPUT_MAX_LOG_BYTES = 64;
  *
  */
 void ModbusFloatOutput::write_state(float value) {
-  std::vector<uint16_t> data;
+  this->clear_dispatched_();
+  // A new write supersedes this entity's own not-yet-sent writes: drop them (and detach any in-flight one)
+  // so a rapidly-changing value writes the latest, not every intermediate.
+  this->clear_tx_queue_for_device();
+  modbus::RegisterValues data;
   auto original_value = value;
-  // Is there are lambda configured?
   if (this->write_transform_func_.has_value()) {
-    // data is passed by reference
-    // the lambda can fill the empty vector directly
-    // in that case the return value is ignored
+    // The lambda may drive the write itself via item->write_*(), override the value (return a value), or
+    // (deprecated) fill `data` with the register words to write.
     auto val = (*this->write_transform_func_)(this, value, data);
-    if (val.has_value()) {
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Value overwritten by lambda");
-      value = val.value();
-    } else {
+    if (this->dispatched()) {
+      return;
+    }
+    if (!data.empty()) {
+      // Deprecated buffer path (frozen): the lambda supplied the register words for the shared write below.
+      this->warn_write_buffer_deprecated_(LOG_STR("float output"), this->start_address);
+    } else if (!val.has_value()) {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Communication handled by lambda - exiting control");
       return;
+    } else {
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Value overwritten by lambda");
+      value = val.value();
     }
   } else {
     value = this->multiply_by_ * value;
   }
-  // lambda didn't set payload
+
   if (data.empty()) {
     modbus::helpers::float_to_payload(data, value, this->sensor_value_type);
   }
 
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Updating register: start address=0x%X register count=%d new value=%.02f (val=%.02f)",
-           this->start_address, this->register_count, value, original_value);
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Updating register: start address=0x%X register count=%u new value=%.02f (val=%.02f)",
+           this->start_address, this->entity_count(), value, original_value);
 
-  // The command declares register_count registers, so the payload must be exactly that many words;
-  // anything else would put a byte count on the wire that disagrees with the quantity field.
-  // number_to_payload() appends nothing for RAW, so an empty payload must be caught before data[0].
+  // float_to_payload() appends nothing for RAW, so an empty payload must be caught before data[0].
   if (data.empty()) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "No payload was created for updating output");
     return;
   }
 
-  // register_count declares the READ range width - it may pull neighboring registers into one poll -
-  // so a write covers exactly the registers the value occupies: the quantity comes from the payload,
-  // never from register_count (padding to it would zero registers the user only declared for reading).
-  // A payload wider than the declared range means the config and the lambda disagree - drop it.
-  if (data.size() > this->register_count) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Payload has %zu registers but register_count is %u; dropping write", data.size(),
-             this->register_count);
+  // The value type sets the write width, so a wider payload means the config and the lambda disagree.
+  if (data.size() > this->entity_count()) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Payload has %zu registers but the value type only spans %u; dropping write", data.size(),
+             this->entity_count());
     return;
   }
 
-  // Create and send the write command
-  optional<ModbusCommandItem> write_cmd;
-  if (this->register_count == 1 && !this->use_write_multiple_) {
-    write_cmd.emplace(
-        ModbusCommandItem::create_write_single_command(this->parent_, this->start_address + this->offset, data[0]));
+  bool queued;
+  if (this->entity_count() == 1 && !this->use_write_multiple_) {
+    queued = this->write_single_register(this->write_address(), data[0]);
   } else {
-    write_cmd.emplace(ModbusCommandItem::create_write_multiple_command(
-        this->parent_, this->start_address + this->offset, data.size(), data));
+    queued = this->write_multiple_registers(this->write_address(), data);
+  }
+  if (!queued) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Modbus output write (address 0x%X) was refused by the hub", this->write_address());
   }
-  this->parent_->queue_command(std::move(*write_cmd));
 }
 
 void ModbusFloatOutput::dump_config() {
@@ -76,55 +80,57 @@ void ModbusFloatOutput::dump_config() {
                 "  Device start address: 0x%X\n"
                 "  Register count: %d\n"
                 "  Value type: %d",
-                this->start_address, this->register_count, static_cast<int>(this->sensor_value_type));
+                this->start_address, this->entity_count(), static_cast<int>(this->sensor_value_type));
 }
 
 // ModbusBinaryOutput
 void ModbusBinaryOutput::write_state(bool state) {
-  // This will be called every time the user requests a state change.
-  optional<ModbusCommandItem> cmd;
-  std::vector<uint8_t> data;
+  this->clear_dispatched_();
+  // A new write supersedes this entity's own not-yet-sent writes: drop them (and detach any in-flight one)
+  // so a rapidly-changing value writes the latest, not every intermediate.
+  this->clear_tx_queue_for_device();
+  modbus::helpers::PduBuffer data;
 
-  // Is there are lambda configured?
   if (this->write_transform_func_.has_value()) {
-    // data is passed by reference
-    // the lambda can fill the empty vector directly
-    // in that case the return value is ignored
+    // The lambda may drive the write itself via item->write_*/queue_pdu(), override the value (return a value),
+    // or (deprecated) fill `data` with a custom PDU.
     auto val = (*this->write_transform_func_)(this, state, data);
-    if (val.has_value()) {
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Value overwritten by lambda");
-      state = val.value();
-    } else {
+    if (this->dispatched()) {
+      return;
+    }
+    if (!data.empty()) {
+      this->warn_write_buffer_deprecated_(LOG_STR("binary output"), this->start_address);
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
+      char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(MODBUS_OUTPUT_MAX_LOG_BYTES)];
+#endif
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Modbus binary output write raw: %s",
+               format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, sizeof(hex_buf), data.data(), data.size()));
+      // The lambda filled a legacy raw frame (device address + function code + data).
+      if (!this->send_raw_frame_deprecated_(data)) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Modbus output write (address 0x%X) was refused by the hub", this->write_address());
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+    if (!val.has_value()) {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Communication handled by lambda - exiting control");
       return;
     }
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Value overwritten by lambda");
+    state = val.value();
   }
-  if (!data.empty()) {
-#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
-    char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(MODBUS_OUTPUT_MAX_LOG_BYTES)];
-#endif
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Modbus binary output write raw: %s",
-             format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, sizeof(hex_buf), data.data(), data.size()));
-    cmd.emplace(ModbusCommandItem::create_custom_command(
-        this->parent_, data,
-        [this](modbus::EntityType register_type, uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint8_t> data) {
-          this->parent_->on_write_register_response(register_type, this->start_address, data);
-        }));
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Write new state: value is %s, type is %d address = %X, offset = %x", ONOFF(state),
+           (int) this->register_type, this->start_address, this->offset);
+  // offset for coil and discrete inputs is the coil/register number not bytes
+  bool queued;
+  if (this->use_write_multiple_) {
+    std::array<bool, 1> states{state};
+    queued = this->write_multiple_coils(this->write_address(), states);
   } else {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Write new state: value is %s, type is %d address = %X, offset = %x", ONOFF(state),
-             (int) this->register_type, this->start_address, this->offset);
-
-    // offset for coil and discrete inputs is the coil/register number not bytes
-    if (this->use_write_multiple_) {
-      std::vector<bool> states{state};
-      cmd.emplace(
-          ModbusCommandItem::create_write_multiple_coils(this->parent_, this->start_address + this->offset, states));
-    } else {
-      cmd.emplace(
-          ModbusCommandItem::create_write_single_coil(this->parent_, this->start_address + this->offset, state));
-    }
+    queued = this->write_single_coil(this->write_address(), state);
+  }
+  if (!queued) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Modbus output write (address 0x%X) was refused by the hub", this->write_address());
   }
-  this->parent_->queue_command(std::move(*cmd));
 }
 
 void ModbusBinaryOutput::dump_config() {
@@ -134,7 +140,7 @@ void ModbusBinaryOutput::dump_config() {
                 "  Device start address: 0x%X\n"
                 "  Register count: %d\n"
                 "  Value type: %d",
-                this->start_address, this->register_count, static_cast<int>(this->sensor_value_type));
+                this->start_address, this->entity_count(), static_cast<int>(this->sensor_value_type));
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::modbus_controller
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/output/modbus_output.h b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/output/modbus_output.h
index 17eb8e3a8f..f76c7eada7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/output/modbus_output.h
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/output/modbus_output.h
@@ -8,27 +8,24 @@
 
 namespace esphome::modbus_controller {
 
-class ModbusFloatOutput final : public output::FloatOutput, public Component, public SensorItem {
+class ModbusFloatOutput final : public output::FloatOutput, public Component, public SensorItem, public WriterEntity {
  public:
-  ModbusFloatOutput(uint16_t start_address, uint8_t offset, SensorValueType value_type, int register_count) {
+  ModbusFloatOutput(uint16_t start_address, uint8_t offset, SensorValueType value_type) {
     this->register_type = modbus::EntityType::HOLDING;
-    this->set_address(start_address);
-    this->set_offset_from_start_address(offset);
-    this->bitmask = 0xFFFFFFFF;
-    this->register_count = register_count;
-    this->sensor_value_type = value_type;
-    this->skip_updates = 0;
-    this->set_address(this->start_address + offset);
+    // A byte offset folds into the address as whole registers; odd offsets are rejected at validation.
+    this->set_address(start_address + offset / 2);
     this->set_offset_from_start_address(0);
+    this->bitmask = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+    this->sensor_value_type = value_type;
   }
   void dump_config() override;
 
-  void set_parent(ModbusController *parent) { this->parent_ = parent; }
+  void set_parent(ModbusController *parent) { this->set_controller_(parent); }
   void set_write_multiply(float factor) { this->multiply_by_ = factor; }
   // Do nothing
   void parse_and_publish(std::span<const uint8_t> data) override{};
 
-  using write_transform_func_t = optional<float> (*)(ModbusFloatOutput *, float, std::vector<uint16_t> &);
+  using write_transform_func_t = optional<float> (*)(ModbusFloatOutput *, float, modbus::RegisterValues &);
   void set_write_template(write_transform_func_t f) { this->write_transform_func_ = f; }
   void set_use_write_mutiple(bool use_write_multiple) { this->use_write_multiple_ = use_write_multiple; }
 
@@ -36,30 +33,27 @@ class ModbusFloatOutput final : public output::FloatOutput, public Component, pu
   void write_state(float value) override;
   optional<write_transform_func_t> write_transform_func_{nullopt};
 
-  ModbusController *parent_{nullptr};
   float multiply_by_{1.0};
   bool use_write_multiple_{false};
 };
 
-class ModbusBinaryOutput final : public output::BinaryOutput, public Component, public SensorItem {
+class ModbusBinaryOutput final : public output::BinaryOutput, public Component, public SensorItem, public WriterEntity {
  public:
   ModbusBinaryOutput(uint16_t start_address, uint8_t offset) {
     this->register_type = modbus::EntityType::COIL;
-    this->set_address(start_address);
+    // A coil offset is a coil count; fold it into the address.
+    this->set_address(start_address + offset);
     this->bitmask = 0xFFFFFFFF;
     this->sensor_value_type = SensorValueType::BIT;
-    this->skip_updates = 0;
-    this->register_count = 1;
-    this->set_address(this->start_address + offset);
     this->set_offset_from_start_address(0);
   }
   void dump_config() override;
 
-  void set_parent(ModbusController *parent) { this->parent_ = parent; }
+  void set_parent(ModbusController *parent) { this->set_controller_(parent); }
   // Do nothing
   void parse_and_publish(std::span<const uint8_t> data) override{};
 
-  using write_transform_func_t = optional<bool> (*)(ModbusBinaryOutput *, bool, std::vector<uint8_t> &);
+  using write_transform_func_t = optional<bool> (*)(ModbusBinaryOutput *, bool, modbus::helpers::PduBuffer &);
   void set_write_template(write_transform_func_t f) { this->write_transform_func_ = f; }
   void set_use_write_mutiple(bool use_write_multiple) { this->use_write_multiple_ = use_write_multiple; }
 
@@ -67,7 +61,6 @@ class ModbusBinaryOutput final : public output::BinaryOutput, public Component,
   void write_state(bool state) override;
   optional<write_transform_func_t> write_transform_func_{nullopt};
 
-  ModbusController *parent_{nullptr};
   bool use_write_multiple_{false};
 };
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/select/__init__.py b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/select/__init__.py
index 5127360770..d8319932ab 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/select/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/select/__init__.py
@@ -1,14 +1,26 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import Any
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import select
-from esphome.components.modbus.helpers import SENSOR_VALUE_TYPE, TYPE_REGISTER_MAP
+from esphome.components.modbus.helpers import SENSOR_VALUE_TYPE, RegisterValues
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ADDRESS, CONF_ID, CONF_LAMBDA, CONF_OPTIMISTIC
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-from .. import ModbusController, SensorItem, modbus_controller_ns
+from .. import (
+    RANGE_REUSE,
+    ModbusController,
+    SensorItem,
+    modbus_controller_ns,
+    validate_range_reuse_migration,
+    validate_skip_updates_deprecated,
+)
 from ..const import (
     CONF_FORCE_NEW_RANGE,
     CONF_MODBUS_CONTROLLER_ID,
     CONF_REGISTER_COUNT,
+    CONF_REUSE_PREVIOUS_RANGE,
     CONF_SKIP_UPDATES,
     CONF_USE_WRITE_MULTIPLE,
     CONF_VALUE_TYPE,
@@ -24,8 +36,8 @@ ModbusSelect = modbus_controller_ns.class_(
 )
 
 
-def ensure_option_map():
-    def validator(value):
+def ensure_option_map() -> Callable[[Any], dict[str, int]]:
+    def validator(value: Any) -> dict[str, int]:
         cv.check_not_templatable(value)
         option = cv.All(cv.string_strict)
         mapping = cv.All(cv.int_range(-(2**63), 2**63 - 1))
@@ -42,18 +54,6 @@ def ensure_option_map():
     return validator
 
 
-def register_count_value_type_min(value):
-    reg_count = value.get(CONF_REGISTER_COUNT)
-    if reg_count is not None:
-        value_type = value[CONF_VALUE_TYPE]
-        min_register_count = TYPE_REGISTER_MAP[value_type]
-        if min_register_count > reg_count:
-            raise cv.Invalid(
-                f"Value type {value_type} needs at least {min_register_count} registers"
-            )
-    return value
-
-
 INTEGER_SENSOR_VALUE_TYPE = {
     key: value for key, value in SENSOR_VALUE_TYPE.items() if not key.startswith("FP")
 }
@@ -68,9 +68,13 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.Optional(CONF_VALUE_TYPE, default="U_WORD"): cv.enum(
                 INTEGER_SENSOR_VALUE_TYPE
             ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_SKIP_UPDATES): validate_skip_updates_deprecated,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_REUSE_PREVIOUS_RANGE, default="auto"): cv.Any(
+                cv.boolean, cv.one_of("auto", lower=True)
+            ),
+            # Deprecated options, migrated by validate_range_reuse_migration(). Remove before 2027.3.0
+            cv.Optional(CONF_FORCE_NEW_RANGE): cv.boolean,
             cv.Optional(CONF_REGISTER_COUNT): cv.positive_int,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_SKIP_UPDATES, default=0): cv.positive_int,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_FORCE_NEW_RANGE, default=False): cv.boolean,
             cv.Required(CONF_OPTIONSMAP): ensure_option_map(),
             cv.Optional(CONF_USE_WRITE_MULTIPLE, default=False): cv.boolean,
             cv.Optional(CONF_OPTIMISTIC, default=False): cv.boolean,
@@ -78,25 +82,18 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.Optional(CONF_WRITE_LAMBDA): cv.returning_lambda,
         },
     ),
-    register_count_value_type_min,
+    validate_range_reuse_migration,
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
-    value_type = config[CONF_VALUE_TYPE]
-    reg_count = config.get(CONF_REGISTER_COUNT)
-    if reg_count is None:
-        reg_count = TYPE_REGISTER_MAP[value_type]
-
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     options_map = config[CONF_OPTIONSMAP]
 
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(
         config[CONF_ID],
-        value_type,
+        config[CONF_VALUE_TYPE],
         config[CONF_ADDRESS],
-        reg_count,
-        config[CONF_SKIP_UPDATES],
-        config[CONF_FORCE_NEW_RANGE],
+        RANGE_REUSE[config[CONF_REUSE_PREVIOUS_RANGE]],
         list(options_map.values()),
     )
 
@@ -128,7 +125,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
                 (ModbusSelect.operator("const_ptr"), "item"),
                 (cg.std_string.operator("const").operator("ref"), "x"),
                 (cg.int64, "value"),
-                (cg.std_vector.template(cg.uint16).operator("ref"), "payload"),
+                (RegisterValues.operator("ref"), "payload"),
             ],
             return_type=cg.optional.template(cg.int64),
         )
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/select/modbus_select.cpp b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/select/modbus_select.cpp
index 0a9383b1b0..a2f15d54f6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/select/modbus_select.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/select/modbus_select.cpp
@@ -46,56 +46,63 @@ void ModbusSelect::control(size_t index) {
   const char *option = this->option_at(index);
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Found value %lld for option '%s'", *mapval, option);
 
-  std::vector<uint16_t> data;
+  this->clear_dispatched_();
+  // A new write supersedes this entity's own not-yet-sent writes: drop them (and detach any in-flight one)
+  // so a rapidly-changing value writes the latest, not every intermediate.
+  this->clear_tx_queue_for_device();
+  modbus::RegisterValues data;
 
   if (this->write_transform_func_.has_value()) {
-    // Transform func requires string parameter for backward compatibility
+    // The lambda may drive the write itself via item->write_*(), override the mapping value (return a value),
+    // or (deprecated) fill `data` with the register words to write. Transform func requires string parameter
+    // for backward compatibility.
     auto val = (*this->write_transform_func_)(this, std::string(option), *mapval, data);
-    if (val.has_value()) {
-      mapval = val;
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "write_lambda returned mapping value %lld", *mapval);
-    } else {
+    if (this->dispatched()) {
+      if (this->optimistic_)
+        this->publish_state(index);
+      return;
+    }
+    if (!data.empty()) {
+      // Deprecated buffer path (frozen): the lambda supplied the register words for the shared write below.
+      this->warn_write_buffer_deprecated_(LOG_STR("select"), this->start_address);
+    } else if (!val.has_value()) {
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Communication handled by write_lambda - exiting control");
       return;
+    } else {
+      mapval = val;
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "write_lambda returned mapping value %lld", *mapval);
     }
   }
 
   if (data.empty()) {
     modbus::helpers::number_to_payload(data, *mapval, this->sensor_value_type);
-  } else {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Using payload from write lambda");
+    // number_to_payload() appends nothing for RAW.
+    if (data.empty()) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "No payload was created for updating select");
+      return;
+    }
   }
 
-  if (data.empty()) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "No payload was created for updating select");
-    return;
-  }
-
-  // The command declares register_count registers, so the payload must be exactly that many words:
-  // a value type narrower than the declared width is zero-padded (the config deliberately allows
-  // register_count larger than the value type). Anything else would put a byte count on the wire
-  // that disagrees with the quantity field, which conformant devices reject.
-  // register_count declares the READ range width - it may pull neighboring registers into one poll -
-  // so a write covers exactly the registers the value occupies: the quantity comes from the payload,
-  // never from register_count (padding to it would zero registers the user only declared for reading).
-  // A payload wider than the declared range means the config and the lambda disagree - drop it.
-  if (data.size() > this->register_count) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Payload has %zu registers but register_count is %u; dropping write", data.size(),
-             this->register_count);
+  // A write covers exactly the registers the value occupies: the quantity comes from the payload. A
+  // payload wider than the value type's register width means the config and the lambda disagree - drop it.
+  if (data.size() > this->entity_count()) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Payload has %zu registers but the value type only spans %u; dropping write", data.size(),
+             this->entity_count());
     return;
   }
 
   const uint16_t write_address = this->write_address();
-  optional<ModbusCommandItem> write_cmd;
-  if ((this->register_count == 1) && (!this->use_write_multiple_)) {
-    write_cmd.emplace(ModbusCommandItem::create_write_single_command(this->parent_, write_address, data[0]));
+  bool queued;
+  if ((this->entity_count() == 1) && (!this->use_write_multiple_)) {
+    queued = this->write_single_register(write_address, data[0]);
   } else {
-    write_cmd.emplace(
-        ModbusCommandItem::create_write_multiple_command(this->parent_, write_address, data.size(), data));
+    queued = this->write_multiple_registers(write_address, data);
   }
 
-  this->parent_->queue_command(std::move(*write_cmd));
-
+  if (!queued) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Modbus write for '%s' was refused by the hub; state not published", this->get_name().c_str());
+    return;
+  }
   if (this->optimistic_)
     this->publish_state(index);
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/select/modbus_select.h b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/select/modbus_select.h
index e1ae578ddf..3827d38755 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/select/modbus_select.h
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/select/modbus_select.h
@@ -9,27 +9,25 @@
 
 namespace esphome::modbus_controller {
 
-class ModbusSelect final : public Component, public select::Select, public SensorItem {
+class ModbusSelect final : public Component, public select::Select, public SensorItem, public WriterEntity {
  public:
-  ModbusSelect(SensorValueType sensor_value_type, uint16_t start_address, uint8_t register_count, uint16_t skip_updates,
-               bool force_new_range, std::vector<int64_t> mapping) {
+  ModbusSelect(SensorValueType sensor_value_type, uint16_t start_address, RangeReuse reuse_previous_range,
+               std::vector<int64_t> mapping) {
     this->register_type = modbus::EntityType::HOLDING;  // not configurable
     this->sensor_value_type = sensor_value_type;
     this->set_address(start_address);
     this->set_offset_from_start_address(0);  // not configurable
     this->bitmask = 0xFFFFFFFF;              // not configurable
-    this->register_count = register_count;
-    this->response_bytes = 0;  // not configurable
-    this->skip_updates = skip_updates;
-    this->force_new_range = force_new_range;
+    this->response_bytes = 0;                // not configurable
+    this->reuse_previous_range = reuse_previous_range;
     this->mapping_ = std::move(mapping);
   }
 
   using transform_func_t = optional<std::string> (*)(ModbusSelect *const, int64_t, std::span<const uint8_t>);
   using write_transform_func_t = optional<int64_t> (*)(ModbusSelect *const, const std::string &, int64_t,
-                                                       std::vector<uint16_t> &);
+                                                       modbus::RegisterValues &);
 
-  void set_parent(ModbusController *const parent) { this->parent_ = parent; }
+  void set_parent(ModbusController *const parent) { this->set_controller_(parent); }
   void set_use_write_mutiple(bool use_write_multiple) { this->use_write_multiple_ = use_write_multiple; }
   void set_optimistic(bool optimistic) { this->optimistic_ = optimistic; }
   void set_template(transform_func_t f) { this->transform_func_ = f; }
@@ -41,7 +39,6 @@ class ModbusSelect final : public Component, public select::Select, public Senso
 
  protected:
   std::vector<int64_t> mapping_{};
-  ModbusController *parent_{nullptr};
   bool use_write_multiple_{false};
   bool optimistic_{false};
   optional<transform_func_t> transform_func_{nullopt};
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/sensor/__init__.py
index 5b72586c66..bd51b9a8a3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -5,20 +5,21 @@ import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ADDRESS, CONF_ID
 
 from .. import (
+    RANGE_REUSE,
     ModbusItemBaseSchema,
     SensorItem,
     add_modbus_base_properties,
     modbus_calc_properties,
     modbus_controller_ns,
+    validate_custom_pdu_item,
     validate_modbus_register,
+    validate_range_reuse_migration,
 )
 from ..const import (
     CONF_BITMASK,
-    CONF_FORCE_NEW_RANGE,
     CONF_MODBUS_CONTROLLER_ID,
-    CONF_REGISTER_COUNT,
     CONF_REGISTER_TYPE,
-    CONF_SKIP_UPDATES,
+    CONF_REUSE_PREVIOUS_RANGE,
     CONF_VALUE_TYPE,
 )
 
@@ -38,26 +39,25 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
         {
             cv.Optional(CONF_REGISTER_TYPE): cv.enum(MODBUS_REGISTER_TYPE),
             cv.Optional(CONF_VALUE_TYPE, default="U_WORD"): cv.enum(SENSOR_VALUE_TYPE),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_REGISTER_COUNT, default=0): cv.positive_int,
         }
     ),
     validate_modbus_register,
+    validate_range_reuse_migration,
 )
 
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = validate_custom_pdu_item
+
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    byte_offset, reg_count = modbus_calc_properties(config)
-    value_type = config[CONF_VALUE_TYPE]
+    byte_offset = modbus_calc_properties(config)
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(
         config[CONF_ID],
         config[CONF_REGISTER_TYPE],
         config[CONF_ADDRESS],
         byte_offset,
         config[CONF_BITMASK],
-        value_type,
-        reg_count,
-        config[CONF_SKIP_UPDATES],
-        config[CONF_FORCE_NEW_RANGE],
+        config[CONF_VALUE_TYPE],
+        RANGE_REUSE[config[CONF_REUSE_PREVIOUS_RANGE]],
     )
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await sensor.register_sensor(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/sensor/modbus_sensor.h b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/sensor/modbus_sensor.h
index 9d66b2afa7..12c29bf584 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/sensor/modbus_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/sensor/modbus_sensor.h
@@ -11,15 +11,13 @@ namespace esphome::modbus_controller {
 class ModbusSensor final : public Component, public sensor::Sensor, public SensorItem {
  public:
   ModbusSensor(modbus::EntityType register_type, uint16_t start_address, uint8_t offset, uint32_t bitmask,
-               SensorValueType value_type, int register_count, uint16_t skip_updates, bool force_new_range) {
+               SensorValueType value_type, RangeReuse reuse_previous_range) {
     this->register_type = register_type;
     this->set_address(start_address);
     this->set_offset_from_start_address(offset);
     this->bitmask = bitmask;
     this->sensor_value_type = value_type;
-    this->register_count = register_count;
-    this->skip_updates = skip_updates;
-    this->force_new_range = force_new_range;
+    this->reuse_previous_range = reuse_previous_range;
   }
 
   void parse_and_publish(std::span<const uint8_t> data) override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/switch/__init__.py
index a40c15ab92..00b67446a3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/switch/__init__.py
@@ -1,23 +1,27 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import switch
-from esphome.components.modbus.helpers import MODBUS_REGISTER_TYPE
+from esphome.components.modbus.helpers import MODBUS_REGISTER_TYPE, PduBuffer
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ADDRESS, CONF_ASSUMED_STATE, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
+    RANGE_REUSE,
     ModbusItemBaseSchema,
     SensorItem,
     add_modbus_base_properties,
     modbus_calc_properties,
     modbus_controller_ns,
+    reject_odd_holding_write_offset,
+    validate_custom_pdu_item,
     validate_modbus_register,
+    validate_range_reuse_migration,
 )
 from ..const import (
     CONF_BITMASK,
-    CONF_FORCE_NEW_RANGE,
     CONF_MODBUS_CONTROLLER_ID,
     CONF_REGISTER_TYPE,
-    CONF_SKIP_UPDATES,
+    CONF_REUSE_PREVIOUS_RANGE,
     CONF_USE_WRITE_MULTIPLE,
     CONF_WRITE_LAMBDA,
 )
@@ -30,6 +34,14 @@ ModbusSwitch = modbus_controller_ns.class_(
     "ModbusSwitch", cg.Component, switch.Switch, SensorItem
 )
 
+
+def _validate_holding_offset(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    # Only a holding-register switch folds the byte offset into a 16-bit register write.
+    if config.get(CONF_REGISTER_TYPE) == "holding":
+        reject_odd_holding_write_offset(config)
+    return config
+
+
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     switch.switch_schema(ModbusSwitch, default_restore_mode="DISABLED")
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
@@ -43,19 +55,22 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
         }
     ),
     validate_modbus_register,
+    _validate_holding_offset,
+    validate_range_reuse_migration,
 )
 
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = validate_custom_pdu_item
 
-async def to_code(config):
-    byte_offset, _ = modbus_calc_properties(config)
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    byte_offset = modbus_calc_properties(config)
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(
         config[CONF_ID],
         config[CONF_REGISTER_TYPE],
         config[CONF_ADDRESS],
         byte_offset,
         config[CONF_BITMASK],
-        config[CONF_SKIP_UPDATES],
-        config[CONF_FORCE_NEW_RANGE],
+        RANGE_REUSE[config[CONF_REUSE_PREVIOUS_RANGE]],
     )
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await switch.register_switch(var, config)
@@ -73,7 +88,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             [
                 (ModbusSwitch.operator("ptr"), "item"),
                 (cg.bool_, "x"),
-                (cg.std_vector.template(cg.uint8).operator("ref"), "payload"),
+                (PduBuffer.operator("ref"), "payload"),
             ],
             return_type=cg.optional.template(bool),
         )
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/switch/modbus_switch.cpp b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/switch/modbus_switch.cpp
index 810d904d85..7bf45366c0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/switch/modbus_switch.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/switch/modbus_switch.cpp
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
+#include <array>
+
 namespace esphome::modbus_controller {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "modbus_controller.switch";
@@ -58,57 +60,68 @@ void ModbusSwitch::parse_and_publish(std::span<const uint8_t> data) {
 }
 
 void ModbusSwitch::write_state(bool state) {
-  // This will be called every time the user requests a state change.
-  optional<ModbusCommandItem> cmd;
-  std::vector<uint8_t> data;
-  // Is there are lambda configured?
+  this->clear_dispatched_();
+  // A new write supersedes this entity's own not-yet-sent writes: drop them (and detach any in-flight one)
+  // so a rapidly-changing value writes the latest, not every intermediate.
+  this->clear_tx_queue_for_device();
+  modbus::helpers::PduBuffer data;
+  bool write_value = state;
   if (this->write_transform_func_.has_value()) {
-    // data is passed by reference
-    // the lambda can fill the empty vector directly
-    // in that case the return value is ignored
+    // The lambda may drive the write itself via item->write_*/queue_pdu(), override the written value (return a
+    // value), or (deprecated) fill `data` with a custom PDU.
     auto val = (*this->write_transform_func_)(this, state, data);
-    if (val.has_value()) {
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Value overwritten by lambda");
-      state = val.value();
-    } else {
+    if (this->dispatched()) {
+      this->publish_state(state);
+      return;
+    }
+    if (!data.empty()) {
+      this->warn_write_buffer_deprecated_(LOG_STR("switch"), this->start_address);
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
+      char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(MODBUS_SWITCH_MAX_LOG_BYTES)];
+#endif
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Modbus Switch write raw: %s",
+               format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, sizeof(hex_buf), data.data(), data.size()));
+      // The lambda filled a legacy raw frame (device address + function code + data).
+      if (!this->send_raw_frame_deprecated_(data)) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Modbus write for '%s' was refused by the hub; state not published", this->get_name().c_str());
+        return;
+      }
+      this->publish_state(state);
+      return;
+    }
+    if (!val.has_value()) {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Communication handled by lambda - exiting control");
       return;
     }
+    // The returned bool is the wire value only; the entity still reports the requested state. A polled
+    // entity needs the read lambda inverted to match, or the next poll flips the display back.
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Value overwritten by lambda");
+    write_value = val.value();
   }
-  if (!data.empty()) {
-#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
-    char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(MODBUS_SWITCH_MAX_LOG_BYTES)];
-#endif
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Modbus Switch write raw: %s",
-             format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, sizeof(hex_buf), data.data(), data.size()));
-    cmd.emplace(ModbusCommandItem::create_custom_command(
-        this->parent_, data,
-        [this](modbus::EntityType register_type, uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint8_t> data) {
-          this->parent_->on_write_register_response(register_type, this->start_address, data);
-        }));
-  } else {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "write_state '%s': new value = %s type = %d address = %X offset = %x", this->get_name().c_str(),
-             ONOFF(state), (int) this->register_type, this->start_address, this->offset);
-    if (this->register_type == modbus::EntityType::COIL) {
-      // offset for coil and discrete inputs is the coil/register number not bytes
-      if (this->use_write_multiple_) {
-        std::vector<bool> states{state};
-        cmd.emplace(ModbusCommandItem::create_write_multiple_coils(this->parent_, this->write_address(), states));
-      } else {
-        cmd.emplace(ModbusCommandItem::create_write_single_coil(this->parent_, this->write_address(), state));
-      }
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "write_state '%s': new value = %s (wire = %s) type = %d address = %X offset = %x",
+           this->get_name().c_str(), ONOFF(state), ONOFF(write_value), (int) this->register_type, this->start_address,
+           this->offset);
+  bool queued;
+  if (this->register_type == EntityType::COIL) {
+    // offset for coil and discrete inputs is the coil/register number not bytes
+    if (this->use_write_multiple_) {
+      std::array<bool, 1> states{write_value};
+      queued = this->write_multiple_coils(this->write_address(), states);
     } else {
-      if (this->use_write_multiple_) {
-        std::vector<uint16_t> bool_states(1, state ? (0xFFFF & this->bitmask) : 0);
-        cmd.emplace(
-            ModbusCommandItem::create_write_multiple_command(this->parent_, this->write_address(), 1, bool_states));
-      } else {
-        cmd.emplace(ModbusCommandItem::create_write_single_command(this->parent_, this->write_address(),
-                                                                   state ? 0xFFFF & this->bitmask : 0u));
-      }
+      queued = this->write_single_coil(this->write_address(), write_value);
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (this->use_write_multiple_) {
+      std::array<uint16_t, 1> states{static_cast<uint16_t>(write_value ? (0xFFFF & this->bitmask) : 0)};
+      queued = this->write_multiple_registers(this->write_address(), states);
+    } else {
+      queued = this->write_single_register(this->write_address(), write_value ? 0xFFFF & this->bitmask : 0u);
     }
   }
-  this->parent_->queue_command(std::move(*cmd));
+  if (!queued) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Modbus write for '%s' was refused by the hub; state not published", this->get_name().c_str());
+    return;
+  }
   this->publish_state(state);
 }
 // ModbusSwitch end
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/switch/modbus_switch.h b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/switch/modbus_switch.h
index e5b8cf5c21..688a620bac 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/switch/modbus_switch.h
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/switch/modbus_switch.h
@@ -8,22 +8,25 @@
 
 namespace esphome::modbus_controller {
 
-class ModbusSwitch final : public Component, public switch_::Switch, public SensorItem {
+class ModbusSwitch final : public Component, public switch_::Switch, public SensorItem, public WriterEntity {
  public:
   ModbusSwitch(modbus::EntityType register_type, uint16_t start_address, uint8_t offset, uint32_t bitmask,
-               uint16_t skip_updates, bool force_new_range) {
+               RangeReuse reuse_previous_range) {
     this->register_type = register_type;
     this->set_address(start_address);
     this->set_offset_from_start_address(offset);
     this->bitmask = bitmask;
     this->sensor_value_type = SensorValueType::BIT;
-    this->skip_updates = skip_updates;
-    this->register_count = 1;
-    if (register_type == modbus::EntityType::HOLDING || register_type == modbus::EntityType::COIL) {
-      this->set_address(this->start_address + offset);
+    // A holding byte offset folds into the address as whole registers (odd offsets are rejected at
+    // validation: a 16-bit register write cannot target half a register); a coil offset is a coil count.
+    if (register_type == modbus::EntityType::HOLDING) {
+      this->set_address(start_address + offset / 2);
+      this->set_offset_from_start_address(0);
+    } else if (register_type == modbus::EntityType::COIL) {
+      this->set_address(start_address + offset);
       this->set_offset_from_start_address(0);
     }
-    this->force_new_range = force_new_range;
+    this->reuse_previous_range = reuse_previous_range;
   };
   void setup() override;
   void write_state(bool state) override;
@@ -31,17 +34,16 @@ class ModbusSwitch final : public Component, public switch_::Switch, public Sens
   void set_assumed_state(bool assumed_state);
   void set_state(bool state) { this->state = state; }
   void parse_and_publish(std::span<const uint8_t> data) override;
-  void set_parent(ModbusController *parent) { this->parent_ = parent; }
+  void set_parent(ModbusController *parent) { this->set_controller_(parent); }
 
   using transform_func_t = optional<bool> (*)(ModbusSwitch *, bool, std::span<const uint8_t>);
-  using write_transform_func_t = optional<bool> (*)(ModbusSwitch *, bool, std::vector<uint8_t> &);
+  using write_transform_func_t = optional<bool> (*)(ModbusSwitch *, bool, modbus::helpers::PduBuffer &);
   void set_template(transform_func_t f) { this->publish_transform_func_ = f; }
   void set_write_template(write_transform_func_t f) { this->write_transform_func_ = f; }
   void set_use_write_mutiple(bool use_write_multiple) { this->use_write_multiple_ = use_write_multiple; }
 
  protected:
   bool assumed_state() override;
-  ModbusController *parent_{nullptr};
   bool use_write_multiple_{false};
   optional<transform_func_t> publish_transform_func_{nullopt};
   optional<write_transform_func_t> write_transform_func_{nullopt};
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/text_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/text_sensor/__init__.py
index 93ecd31168..7ab77700ca 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/text_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/text_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -5,21 +5,22 @@ import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ADDRESS, CONF_ID
 
 from .. import (
+    RANGE_REUSE,
     ModbusItemBaseSchema,
     SensorItem,
     add_modbus_base_properties,
     modbus_calc_properties,
     modbus_controller_ns,
+    validate_custom_pdu_item,
     validate_modbus_register,
+    validate_range_reuse_migration,
 )
 from ..const import (
-    CONF_FORCE_NEW_RANGE,
     CONF_MODBUS_CONTROLLER_ID,
     CONF_RAW_ENCODE,
-    CONF_REGISTER_COUNT,
     CONF_REGISTER_TYPE,
     CONF_RESPONSE_SIZE,
-    CONF_SKIP_UPDATES,
+    CONF_REUSE_PREVIOUS_RANGE,
 )
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["modbus_controller"]
@@ -47,31 +48,27 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(ModbusTextSensor),
             cv.Optional(CONF_REGISTER_TYPE): cv.enum(MODBUS_REGISTER_TYPE),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_REGISTER_COUNT, default=0): cv.positive_int,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_RESPONSE_SIZE, default=2): cv.positive_int,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_RESPONSE_SIZE, default=2): cv.int_range(min=1, max=250),
             cv.Optional(CONF_RAW_ENCODE, default="ANSI"): cv.enum(RAW_ENCODING),
         }
     ),
     validate_modbus_register,
+    validate_range_reuse_migration,
 )
 
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = validate_custom_pdu_item
+
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    byte_offset, reg_count = modbus_calc_properties(config)
-    response_size = config[CONF_RESPONSE_SIZE]
-    reg_count = config[CONF_REGISTER_COUNT]
-    if reg_count == 0:
-        reg_count = response_size // 2
+    byte_offset = modbus_calc_properties(config)
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(
         config[CONF_ID],
         config[CONF_REGISTER_TYPE],
         config[CONF_ADDRESS],
         byte_offset,
-        reg_count,
         config[CONF_RESPONSE_SIZE],
         config[CONF_RAW_ENCODE],
-        config[CONF_SKIP_UPDATES],
-        config[CONF_FORCE_NEW_RANGE],
+        RANGE_REUSE[config[CONF_REUSE_PREVIOUS_RANGE]],
     )
 
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/text_sensor/modbus_textsensor.h b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/text_sensor/modbus_textsensor.h
index 5bb16eb58a..6657967786 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/text_sensor/modbus_textsensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/text_sensor/modbus_textsensor.h
@@ -12,18 +12,16 @@ enum class RawEncoding { NONE = 0, HEXBYTES = 1, COMMA = 2, ANSI = 3 };
 
 class ModbusTextSensor final : public Component, public text_sensor::TextSensor, public SensorItem {
  public:
-  ModbusTextSensor(modbus::EntityType register_type, uint16_t start_address, uint8_t offset, uint8_t register_count,
-                   uint16_t response_bytes, RawEncoding encode, uint16_t skip_updates, bool force_new_range) {
+  ModbusTextSensor(modbus::EntityType register_type, uint16_t start_address, uint8_t offset, uint16_t response_bytes,
+                   RawEncoding encode, RangeReuse reuse_previous_range) {
     this->register_type = register_type;
     this->set_address(start_address);
     this->set_offset_from_start_address(offset);
     this->response_bytes = response_bytes;
-    this->register_count = register_count;
     this->encode_ = encode;
-    this->skip_updates = skip_updates;
     this->bitmask = 0xFFFFFFFF;
     this->sensor_value_type = SensorValueType::RAW;
-    this->force_new_range = force_new_range;
+    this->reuse_previous_range = reuse_previous_range;
   }
 
   void dump_config() override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_server/__init__.py b/esphome/components/modbus_server/__init__.py
index 14f4ca8a4d..0de40a4cc1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_server/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_server/__init__.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .const import (
     CONF_ALLOW_PARTIAL_READ,
+    CONF_BITS,
     CONF_COURTESY_RESPONSE,
     CONF_READ_LAMBDA,
     CONF_REGISTER_LAST_ADDRESS,
@@ -34,6 +35,7 @@ ModbusServer = modbus_server_ns.class_(
 
 ServerCourtesyResponse = modbus_server_ns.struct("ServerCourtesyResponse")
 ServerRegister = modbus_server_ns.struct("ServerRegister")
+ServerBit = modbus_server_ns.class_("ServerBit")
 
 SERVER_COURTESY_RESPONSE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
@@ -64,6 +66,32 @@ ModbusServerRegisterSchema = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
+ModbusServerBitSchema = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(ServerBit),
+        cv.Required(CONF_ADDRESS): cv.hex_uint16_t,
+        cv.Required(CONF_READ_LAMBDA): cv.returning_lambda,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_WRITE_LAMBDA): cv.returning_lambda,
+    }
+)
+
+
+def _validate_unique_bit_addresses(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    # Coils and discrete inputs share one bit address space (like holding/input registers share the
+    # register table), so each bit address may appear only once.
+    seen: set[int] = set()
+    for bit in config.get(CONF_BITS, []):
+        address = bit[CONF_ADDRESS]
+        if address in seen:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"Bit address 0x{address:04X} is configured more than once; coils and discrete "
+                "inputs share one bit address space, so each address must be unique",
+                path=[CONF_BITS],
+            )
+        seen.add(address)
+    return config
+
+
 def _validate_register_ranges(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     # Each register occupies [address, address + register_count); the whole span must fit inside the 16-bit
     # Modbus address space (0x0000-0xFFFF).
@@ -107,21 +135,23 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.Optional(
                 CONF_REGISTERS,
             ): cv.ensure_list(ModbusServerRegisterSchema),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_BITS): cv.ensure_list(ModbusServerBitSchema),
         }
     ).extend(modbus.modbus_device_schema(0x01, role="server")),
     _validate_register_ranges,
     _validate_no_overlapping_registers,
+    _validate_unique_bit_addresses,
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
-    return modbus.final_validate_modbus_device("modbus_server", role="server")(config)
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    modbus.final_validate_modbus_device("modbus_server", role="server")(config)
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     if server_courtesy_response := config.get(CONF_COURTESY_RESPONSE):
         cg.add(
@@ -152,7 +182,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
                     await cg.process_lambda(
                         server_register[CONF_READ_LAMBDA],
                         [(cg.uint16, "address")],
-                        return_type=cpp_type,
+                        return_type=cg.optional.template(cpp_type),
                     ),
                 )
             )
@@ -170,5 +200,27 @@ async def to_code(config):
             if server_register[CONF_ALLOW_PARTIAL_READ]:
                 cg.add(server_register_var.set_allow_partial_read(True))
             cg.add(var.add_server_register(server_register_var))
+    for server_bit in config.get(CONF_BITS, []):
+        server_bit_var = cg.new_Pvariable(server_bit[CONF_ID], server_bit[CONF_ADDRESS])
+        cg.add(
+            server_bit_var.set_read_lambda(
+                await cg.process_lambda(
+                    server_bit[CONF_READ_LAMBDA],
+                    [(cg.uint16, "address")],
+                    return_type=cg.optional.template(cg.bool_),
+                )
+            )
+        )
+        if (write_lambda := server_bit.get(CONF_WRITE_LAMBDA)) is not None:
+            cg.add(
+                server_bit_var.set_write_lambda(
+                    await cg.process_lambda(
+                        write_lambda,
+                        parameters=[(cg.uint16, "address"), (cg.bool_, "x")],
+                        return_type=cg.bool_,
+                    )
+                )
+            )
+        cg.add(var.add_server_bit(server_bit_var))
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     return await modbus.register_modbus_server_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_server/const.py b/esphome/components/modbus_server/const.py
index f2a8c53f45..86366c7ce0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_server/const.py
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_server/const.py
@@ -5,4 +5,5 @@ CONF_COURTESY_RESPONSE = "courtesy_response"
 CONF_READ_LAMBDA = "read_lambda"
 CONF_WRITE_LAMBDA = "write_lambda"
 CONF_REGISTERS = "registers"
+CONF_BITS = "bits"
 CONF_ALLOW_PARTIAL_READ = "allow_partial_read"
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_server/modbus_server.cpp b/esphome/components/modbus_server/modbus_server.cpp
index e649635848..65bf4ef2f4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_server/modbus_server.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_server/modbus_server.cpp
@@ -33,6 +33,12 @@ modbus::ResponseStatus ModbusServer::on_read_registers(uint16_t start_address, u
            "Received read holding/input registers for device 0x%X. Start address: 0x%X. Number of registers: 0x%X.",
            this->address_, start_address, number_of_registers);
 
+  // No registers configured (e.g. a bits-only server) and no courtesy default: this device does not implement
+  // the register-read function, so answer ILLEGAL_FUNCTION. A populated map with a wrong address answers
+  // ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS below.
+  if (this->server_registers_.empty() && !this->server_courtesy_response_.enabled)
+    return ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_FUNCTION;
+
   const uint32_t end_address = static_cast<uint32_t>(start_address) + number_of_registers;
   uint32_t current_address = start_address;
   while (current_address < end_address) {
@@ -75,7 +81,13 @@ modbus::ResponseStatus ModbusServer::on_read_registers(uint16_t start_address, u
       return ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS;
     }
 
-    int64_t value = server_register->read_lambda();
+    const optional<int64_t> read_value = server_register->read_lambda();
+    if (!read_value.has_value()) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Register read at 0x%04X declined to produce a value. Sending exception response.",
+               server_register->address);
+      return ExceptionCode::SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE;
+    }
+    const int64_t value = *read_value;
     char value_buf[ServerRegister::FORMAT_VALUE_BUF_SIZE];
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Matched register. Address: 0x%02X. Value type: %zu. Register count: %u. Value: %s.",
              server_register->address, static_cast<size_t>(server_register->value_type),
@@ -106,6 +118,11 @@ modbus::ResponseStatus ModbusServer::on_write_registers(uint16_t start_address,
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Received write registers for device 0x%X. Start address: 0x%X. Number of registers: 0x%zX.",
            this->address_, start_address, registers.size());
 
+  // No registers configured (e.g. a bits-only server): this device does not implement the register-write
+  // function, so answer ILLEGAL_FUNCTION rather than ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS.
+  if (this->server_registers_.empty())
+    return ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_FUNCTION;
+
   auto for_each_register =
       [this, start_address,
        &registers](const std::function<bool(ServerRegister *, uint16_t register_offset)> &callback) -> bool {
@@ -145,7 +162,9 @@ modbus::ResponseStatus ModbusServer::on_write_registers(uint16_t start_address,
         }
         return true;
       })) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Write request rejected before applying any register. Sending exception response.");
+    // Only VERBOSE: one handler serves both addressed and broadcast writes, and rejecting a broadcast for
+    // registers this device does not map is routine. The hub logs the outcome with the context it has.
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Write request rejected before applying any register.");
     return precheck;
   }
 
@@ -165,6 +184,83 @@ modbus::ResponseStatus ModbusServer::on_write_registers(uint16_t start_address,
   return {};
 }
 
+ServerBit *ModbusServer::find_bit_(uint16_t address) const {
+  for (auto *server_bit : this->server_bits_) {
+    if (server_bit->address == address) {
+      return server_bit;
+    }
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+modbus::ResponseStatus ModbusServer::on_read_bits(uint16_t start_address, modbus::MutablePackedBits bits) {
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Received read coils/discrete inputs for device 0x%X. Start address: 0x%X. Count: 0x%X.",
+           this->address_, start_address, bits.size());
+
+  // No bits configured: this device does not implement the coil/discrete-input function, so answer
+  // ILLEGAL_FUNCTION. A populated table with a wrong address answers ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS below.
+  if (this->server_bits_.empty())
+    return ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_FUNCTION;
+
+  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < bits.size(); i++) {
+    const uint16_t address = static_cast<uint16_t>(start_address + i);  // range pre-checked by the hub
+    ServerBit *server_bit = this->find_bit_(address);
+    if (server_bit == nullptr || !server_bit->read_lambda) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "No readable bit at 0x%04X. Sending exception response.", address);
+      return ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS;
+    }
+    const optional<bool> value = server_bit->read_lambda(address);
+    if (!value.has_value()) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Bit read at 0x%04X declined to produce a value. Sending exception response.", address);
+      return ExceptionCode::SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE;
+    }
+    bits.set(i, *value);
+  }
+  return {};
+}
+
+modbus::ResponseStatus ModbusServer::on_write_coils(uint16_t start_address, modbus::PackedBits bits) {
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Received write coils for device 0x%X. Start address: 0x%X. Count: 0x%X.", this->address_,
+           start_address, bits.size());
+
+  // No bits configured: this device does not implement the coil function, so answer ILLEGAL_FUNCTION rather
+  // than ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS.
+  if (this->server_bits_.empty())
+    return ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_FUNCTION;
+
+  // Pre-flight: every targeted bit must exist and be writable, so we never apply a partial write
+  // before discovering a problem (mirrors the register write's two passes).
+  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < bits.size(); i++) {
+    const uint16_t address = static_cast<uint16_t>(start_address + i);
+    ServerBit *server_bit = this->find_bit_(address);
+    if (server_bit == nullptr || !server_bit->write_lambda) {
+      // Only VERBOSE: one handler serves both addressed and broadcast writes, and rejecting a broadcast for
+      // bits this device does not map is routine. The hub logs the outcome with the context it has.
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "No writable bit at 0x%04X; write request rejected before applying any bit.", address);
+      return ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Commit: the pre-flight above proved every address resolves to a writable bit. Re-resolve here rather
+  // than caching up to MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_WRITE pointers (a per-request heap allocation), matching the
+  // register write's two-pass shape -- but guard the pointer anyway, so a future change to the pre-flight
+  // can never turn this into a silent null dereference. The only expected failure is a write callback
+  // rejecting the value at runtime, which cannot be rolled back.
+  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < bits.size(); i++) {
+    const uint16_t address = static_cast<uint16_t>(start_address + i);
+    ServerBit *server_bit = this->find_bit_(address);
+    if (server_bit == nullptr || !server_bit->write_lambda) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Bit at 0x%04X unresolved between pre-flight and commit; aborting write.", address);
+      return ExceptionCode::SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE;
+    }
+    if (!server_bit->write_lambda(address, bits[i])) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Bit write callback failed at 0x%04X mid-sequence; earlier writes were already applied.", address);
+      return ExceptionCode::SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE;
+    }
+  }
+  return {};
+}
+
 void ModbusServer::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "ModbusServer:\n"
@@ -173,7 +269,8 @@ void ModbusServer::dump_config() {
                 "    Enabled: %s\n"
                 "    Register Last Address: 0x%02X\n"
                 "    Register Value: %" PRIu16,
-                this->address_, this->server_courtesy_response_.enabled ? "true" : "false",
+                this->address_,
+                this->server_courtesy_response_.enabled ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("true") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("false"),
                 this->server_courtesy_response_.register_last_address, this->server_courtesy_response_.register_value);
 
 #if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
@@ -182,6 +279,12 @@ void ModbusServer::dump_config() {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Address=0x%02X value_type=%u register_count=%u", r->address,
                   static_cast<uint8_t>(r->value_type), r->register_count);
   }
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "server bits");
+  for (auto &b : this->server_bits_) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Address=0x%04X readable=%s writable=%s", b->address,
+                  b->read_lambda ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("true") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("false"),
+                  b->write_lambda ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("true") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("false"));
+  }
 #endif
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_server/modbus_server.h b/esphome/components/modbus_server/modbus_server.h
index f6484d8e6b..22903abfad 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_server/modbus_server.h
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_server/modbus_server.h
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ struct ServerCourtesyResponse {
 };
 
 class ServerRegister {
-  using ReadLambda = std::function<int64_t()>;
+  using ReadLambda = std::function<optional<int64_t>()>;
   using WriteLambda = std::function<bool(int64_t value)>;
 
  public:
@@ -30,13 +30,18 @@ class ServerRegister {
     this->register_count = register_count;
   }
 
-  template<typename T> void set_read_lambda(const std::function<T(uint16_t address)> &&user_read_lambda) {
-    this->read_lambda = [this, user_read_lambda]() -> int64_t {
-      T user_value = user_read_lambda(this->address);
+  /// The user lambda returns optional<T>: an empty optional declines the read, answering the whole
+  /// request with a SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE exception. Plain values convert implicitly.
+  template<typename T> void set_read_lambda(const std::function<optional<T>(uint16_t address)> &&user_read_lambda) {
+    this->read_lambda = [this, user_read_lambda]() -> optional<int64_t> {
+      const optional<T> user_value = user_read_lambda(this->address);
+      if (!user_value.has_value()) {
+        return {};
+      }
       if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, float>) {
-        return bit_cast<uint32_t>(user_value);
+        return bit_cast<uint32_t>(*user_value);
       } else {
-        return static_cast<int64_t>(user_value);
+        return static_cast<int64_t>(*user_value);
       }
     };
   }
@@ -97,17 +102,43 @@ class ServerRegister {
   WriteLambda write_lambda;
 };
 
+/// A single bit in the server's coil/discrete-input table. Coils (0x01/0x05/0x0F) and discrete
+/// inputs (0x02) share one bit address space, mirroring how holding and input registers share the
+/// register table: both read function codes are served from the same bits.
+class ServerBit {
+  /// Returning an empty optional declines the read: the whole request is answered with a
+  /// SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE exception. `return true;`/`return false;` convert implicitly.
+  using ReadLambda = std::function<optional<bool>(uint16_t address)>;
+  using WriteLambda = std::function<bool(uint16_t address, bool value)>;
+
+ public:
+  explicit ServerBit(uint16_t address) : address(address) {}
+  void set_read_lambda(ReadLambda &&read_lambda) { this->read_lambda = std::move(read_lambda); }
+  void set_write_lambda(WriteLambda &&write_lambda) { this->write_lambda = std::move(write_lambda); }
+
+  uint16_t address{0};
+  ReadLambda read_lambda;
+  WriteLambda write_lambda;
+};
+
 class ModbusServer final : public Component, public modbus::ModbusServerDevice {
  public:
   void dump_config() override;
 
   /// Registers a server register with the controller. Called by esphomes code generator
   void add_server_register(ServerRegister *server_register) { server_registers_.push_back(server_register); }
+  /// Registers a server bit with the controller. Called by esphomes code generator
+  void add_server_bit(ServerBit *server_bit) { server_bits_.push_back(server_bit); }
   /// called when a modbus request (function code 0x03 or 0x04) was parsed without errors
   modbus::ResponseStatus on_read_registers(uint16_t start_address, uint16_t number_of_registers,
                                            modbus::RegisterValues &registers) final;
   /// called when a modbus request (function code 0x06 or 0x10) was parsed without errors
   modbus::ResponseStatus on_write_registers(uint16_t start_address, const modbus::RegisterValues &registers) final;
+  /// called when a modbus request (function code 0x01 or 0x02) was parsed without errors; both are
+  /// served from the same bit table (see ServerBit)
+  modbus::ResponseStatus on_read_bits(uint16_t start_address, modbus::MutablePackedBits bits) final;
+  /// called when a modbus request (function code 0x05 or 0x0F) was parsed without errors
+  modbus::ResponseStatus on_write_coils(uint16_t start_address, modbus::PackedBits bits) final;
   /// Called by esphome generated code to set the server courtesy response object
   void set_server_courtesy_response(const ServerCourtesyResponse &server_courtesy_response) {
     this->server_courtesy_response_ = server_courtesy_response;
@@ -118,8 +149,12 @@ class ModbusServer final : public Component, public modbus::ModbusServerDevice {
  protected:
   /// Find the registered value whose register span contains address, or nullptr if none does.
   ServerRegister *find_containing_register_(uint32_t address) const;
+  /// Find the registered bit at address, or nullptr if none is.
+  ServerBit *find_bit_(uint16_t address) const;
   /// Collection of all server registers for this component
   std::vector<ServerRegister *> server_registers_{};
+  /// Collection of all server bits (coils/discrete inputs) for this component
+  std::vector<ServerBit *> server_bits_{};
   /// Server courtesy response
   ServerCourtesyResponse server_courtesy_response_{
       .enabled = false, .register_last_address = 0xFFFF, .register_value = 0};
diff --git a/esphome/components/monochromatic/light.py b/esphome/components/monochromatic/light.py
index 4ce0202d25..04336bcde1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/monochromatic/light.py
+++ b/esphome/components/monochromatic/light.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import light, output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_OUTPUT, CONF_OUTPUT_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 monochromatic_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("monochromatic")
 MonochromaticLightOutput = monochromatic_ns.class_(
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = light.BRIGHTNESS_ONLY_LIGHT_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_OUTPUT_ID])
     await light.register_light(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/mopeka_ble/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mopeka_ble/__init__.py
index c8648cbc63..ec7deb3067 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mopeka_ble/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mopeka_ble/__init__.py
@@ -1,30 +1,34 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@spbrogan", "@Fabian-Schmidt"]
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base"]
 
 CONF_SHOW_SENSORS_WITHOUT_SYNC = "show_sensors_without_sync"
 
 mopeka_ble_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("mopeka_ble")
 MopekaListener = mopeka_ble_ns.class_(
-    "MopekaListener", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener
+    "MopekaListener", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(MopekaListener),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_SHOW_SENSORS_WITHOUT_SYNC, default=False): cv.boolean,
-    }
-).extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("mopeka_ble"),
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(MopekaListener),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_SHOW_SENSORS_WITHOUT_SYNC, default=False): cv.boolean,
+        }
+    ).extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
+)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     if CONF_SHOW_SENSORS_WITHOUT_SYNC in config:
         cg.add(
             var.set_show_sensors_without_sync(config[CONF_SHOW_SENSORS_WITHOUT_SYNC])
         )
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mopeka_ble/mopeka_ble.cpp b/esphome/components/mopeka_ble/mopeka_ble.cpp
index ff5dd8d61b..0bef1eb6d4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mopeka_ble/mopeka_ble.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mopeka_ble/mopeka_ble.cpp
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::mopeka_ble {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "mopeka_ble";
@@ -34,7 +32,7 @@ static const uint8_t MANUFACTURER_NRF52_DATA_LENGTH = 10;
  * - Bluetooth data frame size
  */
 
-bool MopekaListener::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool MopekaListener::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   char addr_buf[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
   // Fetch information about BLE device.
   const auto &service_uuids = device.get_service_uuids();
@@ -50,8 +48,8 @@ bool MopekaListener::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device)
   const auto &manu_data = manu_datas[0];
 
   // Is the device maybe a Mopeka Std (CC2540) sensor.
-  if (service_uuid == esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(SERVICE_UUID_CC2540)) {
-    if (manu_data.uuid != esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(MANUFACTURER_CC2540_ID)) {
+  if (service_uuid == ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(SERVICE_UUID_CC2540)) {
+    if (manu_data.uuid != ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(MANUFACTURER_CC2540_ID)) {
       return false;
     }
 
@@ -66,8 +64,8 @@ bool MopekaListener::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device)
     }
 
     // Is the device maybe a Mopeka Pro (NRF52) sensor.
-  } else if (service_uuid == esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(SERVICE_UUID_NRF52)) {
-    if (manu_data.uuid != esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(MANUFACTURER_NRF52_ID)) {
+  } else if (service_uuid == ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(SERVICE_UUID_NRF52)) {
+    if (manu_data.uuid != ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(MANUFACTURER_NRF52_ID)) {
       return false;
     }
 
@@ -86,5 +84,3 @@ bool MopekaListener::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device)
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::mopeka_ble
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/mopeka_ble/mopeka_ble.h b/esphome/components/mopeka_ble/mopeka_ble.h
index e6fae23aee..460668ae65 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mopeka_ble/mopeka_ble.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mopeka_ble/mopeka_ble.h
@@ -2,16 +2,14 @@
 
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::mopeka_ble {
 
-class MopekaListener final : public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class MopekaListener final : public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
   void set_show_sensors_without_sync(bool show_sensors_without_sync) {
     show_sensors_without_sync_ = show_sensors_without_sync;
   }
@@ -21,5 +19,3 @@ class MopekaListener final : public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::mopeka_ble
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/mopeka_pro_check/mopeka_pro_check.cpp b/esphome/components/mopeka_pro_check/mopeka_pro_check.cpp
index ab0ff9a113..fe3178d3aa 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mopeka_pro_check/mopeka_pro_check.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mopeka_pro_check/mopeka_pro_check.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #include "mopeka_pro_check.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::mopeka_pro_check {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "mopeka_pro_check";
@@ -25,7 +23,7 @@ void MopekaProCheck::dump_config() {
  * Check if advertisement is for our sensor and if so decode it and
  * update the sensor state data.
  */
-bool MopekaProCheck::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool MopekaProCheck::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     return false;
   }
@@ -154,5 +152,3 @@ SensorReadQuality MopekaProCheck::parse_read_quality_(const std::vector<uint8_t>
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::mopeka_pro_check
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/mopeka_pro_check/mopeka_pro_check.h b/esphome/components/mopeka_pro_check/mopeka_pro_check.h
index 40fb338350..0cd53107c6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mopeka_pro_check/mopeka_pro_check.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mopeka_pro_check/mopeka_pro_check.h
@@ -5,9 +5,7 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
-
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 
 namespace esphome::mopeka_pro_check {
 
@@ -27,11 +25,11 @@ enum SensorType {
 // measurement may be inaccurate.
 enum SensorReadQuality { QUALITY_HIGH = 0x3, QUALITY_MED = 0x2, QUALITY_LOW = 0x1, QUALITY_ZERO = 0x0 };
 
-class MopekaProCheck final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class MopekaProCheck final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; };
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_min_signal_quality(SensorReadQuality min) { this->min_signal_quality_ = min; };
 
@@ -65,5 +63,3 @@ class MopekaProCheck final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDe
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::mopeka_pro_check
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/mopeka_pro_check/sensor.py b/esphome/components/mopeka_pro_check/sensor.py
index 323175917d..5f7c9445f2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mopeka_pro_check/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mopeka_pro_check/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL,
@@ -21,6 +23,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_MILLIMETER,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_TANK_TYPE = "tank_type"
 CONF_CUSTOM_DISTANCE_FULL = "custom_distance_full"
@@ -34,7 +37,7 @@ ICON_PROPANE_TANK = "mdi:propane-tank"
 TANK_TYPE_CUSTOM = "CUSTOM"
 
 
-def small_distance(value):
+def small_distance(value: Any) -> float:
     """small_distance is stored in mm"""
     meters = cv.distance(value)
     return meters * 1000
@@ -56,11 +59,11 @@ CONF_SUPPORTED_TANKS_MAP = {
 }
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@spbrogan"]
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base"]
 
 mopeka_pro_check_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("mopeka_pro_check")
 MopekaProCheck = mopeka_pro_check_ns.class_(
-    "MopekaProCheck", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "MopekaProCheck", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
 SensorReadQuality = mopeka_pro_check_ns.enum("SensorReadQuality")
@@ -71,7 +74,8 @@ SIGNAL_QUALITIES = {
     "HIGH": SensorReadQuality.QUALITY_HIGH,
 }
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("mopeka_pro_check"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(MopekaProCheck),
@@ -122,15 +126,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/mopeka_std_check/mopeka_std_check.cpp b/esphome/components/mopeka_std_check/mopeka_std_check.cpp
index 519a45fcb5..d70306c97d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mopeka_std_check/mopeka_std_check.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mopeka_std_check/mopeka_std_check.cpp
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::mopeka_std_check {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "mopeka_std_check";
@@ -33,7 +31,7 @@ void MopekaStdCheck::dump_config() {
  * Check if advertisement is for our sensor and if so decode it and
  * update the sensor state data.
  */
-bool MopekaStdCheck::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool MopekaStdCheck::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   // Validate address.
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     return false;
@@ -52,7 +50,7 @@ bool MopekaStdCheck::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device)
       return false;
     }
     const auto &service_uuid = service_uuids[0];
-    if (service_uuid != esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(SERVICE_UUID)) {
+    if (service_uuid != ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(SERVICE_UUID)) {
       return false;
     }
   }
@@ -232,5 +230,3 @@ int8_t MopekaStdCheck::parse_temperature_(const mopeka_std_package *message) {
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::mopeka_std_check
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/mopeka_std_check/mopeka_std_check.h b/esphome/components/mopeka_std_check/mopeka_std_check.h
index 2f1681f6ea..75d9b36a58 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mopeka_std_check/mopeka_std_check.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mopeka_std_check/mopeka_std_check.h
@@ -3,12 +3,10 @@
 #include <cinttypes>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::mopeka_std_check {
 
 enum SensorType {
@@ -42,11 +40,11 @@ struct mopeka_std_package {  // NOLINT(readability-identifier-naming,altera-stru
   mopeka_std_values val[3];
 } __attribute__((packed));
 
-class MopekaStdCheck final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class MopekaStdCheck final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; };
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
   void dump_config() override;
 
   void set_level(sensor::Sensor *level) { this->level_ = level; };
@@ -74,5 +72,3 @@ class MopekaStdCheck final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDe
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::mopeka_std_check
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/mopeka_std_check/sensor.py b/esphome/components/mopeka_std_check/sensor.py
index d4535d9671..d5c5d4135d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mopeka_std_check/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mopeka_std_check/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL,
@@ -17,6 +19,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_MILLIMETER,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_TANK_TYPE = "tank_type"
 CONF_CUSTOM_DISTANCE_FULL = "custom_distance_full"
@@ -28,7 +31,7 @@ ICON_PROPANE_TANK = "mdi:propane-tank"
 TANK_TYPE_CUSTOM = "CUSTOM"
 
 
-def small_distance(value):
+def small_distance(value: Any) -> float:
     """small_distance is stored in mm"""
     meters = cv.distance(value)
     return meters * 1000
@@ -50,14 +53,15 @@ CONF_SUPPORTED_TANKS_MAP = {
 }
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@Fabian-Schmidt"]
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base"]
 
 mopeka_std_check_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("mopeka_std_check")
 MopekaStdCheck = mopeka_std_check_ns.class_(
-    "MopekaStdCheck", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "MopekaStdCheck", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("mopeka_std_check"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(MopekaStdCheck),
@@ -93,15 +97,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/mpl3115a2/sensor.py b/esphome/components/mpl3115a2/sensor.py
index b2cd1fb535..4fbc353644 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mpl3115a2/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mpl3115a2/sensor.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_HECTOPASCAL,
     UNIT_METER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbickar"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mpr121/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mpr121/__init__.py
index 0bf9377275..da56b4ff4b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mpr121/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mpr121/__init__.py
@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_NUMBER,
     CONF_OUTPUT,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_TOUCH_THRESHOLD = "touch_threshold"
 CONF_RELEASE_THRESHOLD = "release_threshold"
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate(config):
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     fconf = fv.full_config.get()
     max_touch_channel = 3
     if (binary_sensors := fconf.get(CONF_BINARY_SENSOR)) is not None:
@@ -71,7 +73,7 @@ def _final_validate(config):
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_touch_debounce(config[CONF_TOUCH_DEBOUNCE]))
     cg.add(var.set_release_debounce(config[CONF_RELEASE_DEBOUNCE]))
@@ -82,7 +84,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
 
 
-def validate_mode(value):
+def validate_mode(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if bool(value[CONF_INPUT]) == bool(value[CONF_OUTPUT]):
         raise cv.Invalid("Mode must be either input or output")
     return value
@@ -105,7 +107,9 @@ MPR121_GPIO_PIN_SCHEMA = pins.gpio_base_schema(
 )
 
 
-def mpr121_pin_final_validate(pin_config, parent_config):
+def mpr121_pin_final_validate(
+    pin_config: ConfigType, parent_config: ConfigType
+) -> None:
     if pin_config[CONF_NUMBER] <= parent_config[CONF_MAX_TOUCH_CHANNEL]:
         raise cv.Invalid(
             "Pin number must be higher than the max touch channel of the MPR121 component",
@@ -115,7 +119,7 @@ def mpr121_pin_final_validate(pin_config, parent_config):
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(
     CONF_MPR121, MPR121_GPIO_PIN_SCHEMA, mpr121_pin_final_validate
 )
-async def mpr121_gpio_pin_to_code(config):
+async def mpr121_gpio_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MPR121])
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/mpr121/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mpr121/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index 1252a65a84..565789cdc3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mpr121/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mpr121/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     CONF_MPR121_ID,
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(MPR121BinarySensor).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MPR121_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_channel(config[CONF_CHANNEL]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/mpu6050/sensor.py b/esphome/components/mpu6050/sensor.py
index 377958fbe7..a8370ced7f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mpu6050/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mpu6050/sensor.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_DEGREE_PER_SECOND,
     UNIT_METER_PER_SECOND_SQUARED,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mpu6886/sensor.py b/esphome/components/mpu6886/sensor.py
index 580fad7c23..5bdb836128 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mpu6886/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mpu6886/sensor.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_DEGREE_PER_SECOND,
     UNIT_METER_PER_SECOND_SQUARED,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@fabaff"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mqtt/__init__.py
index 713969ab88..3050ceb1a4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/__init__.py
@@ -8,7 +8,10 @@ from esphome.components.esp32 import (
     idf_version,
     include_builtin_idf_component,
 )
-from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_platform
+from esphome.config_helpers import (
+    filter_source_files_from_defines,
+    filter_source_files_from_platform,
+)
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_AVAILABILITY,
@@ -63,7 +66,6 @@ from esphome.const import (
     PlatformFramework,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
-from esphome.core.entity_helpers import ObjectIdEntity, validate_no_object_id_conflicts
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["network"]
@@ -333,68 +335,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-# Platforms whose MQTT components subscribe to an object_id-derived command topic.
-# Keep in sync with the platforms extending cv.MQTT_COMMAND_COMPONENT_SCHEMA, plus
-# text, whose MQTT component subscribes a command topic that cannot be overridden.
-_COMMAND_TOPIC_PLATFORMS = frozenset(
-    {
-        "alarm_control_panel",
-        "button",
-        "climate",
-        "cover",
-        "datetime",
-        "fan",
-        "light",
-        "lock",
-        "number",
-        "select",
-        "switch",
-        "text",
-        "update",
-        "valve",
-    }
-)
-
-
-# Platforms whose MQTT components derive extra sub-topics (position/command,
-# mode/command, speed/command, ...) from the object_id, each with its own config
-# key; custom state and command topics cannot exempt them from conflicting.
-_SUB_TOPIC_PLATFORMS = frozenset({"climate", "cover", "fan", "valve"})
-
-
-def _topics_conflict(entities: list[ObjectIdEntity], config: ConfigType) -> bool:
-    """Check whether more than one entity actually uses an object_id-derived topic.
-
-    An empty topic_prefix disables default topics entirely, custom state and
-    command topics avoid the default topics, and disabling discovery (globally
-    or per entity) avoids the discovery config topic.
-    """
-    if config[CONF_TOPIC_PREFIX]:
-        platform = entities[0].platform
-        if platform in _SUB_TOPIC_PLATFORMS:
-            return True
-        if sum(CONF_STATE_TOPIC not in entity.config for entity in entities) > 1:
-            return True
-        if (
-            platform in _COMMAND_TOPIC_PLATFORMS
-            and sum(CONF_COMMAND_TOPIC not in entity.config for entity in entities) > 1
-        ):
-            return True
-    if not config[CONF_DISCOVERY]:
-        return False
-    discovery_entities = sum(
-        entity.config.get(CONF_DISCOVERY, True) for entity in entities
-    )
-    return discovery_entities > 1
-
-
-FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = validate_no_object_id_conflicts(
-    "mqtt builds default topics and discovery topics from the entity object_id, "
-    "which is the name converted to ASCII",
-    conflict_filter=_topics_conflict,
-)
-
-
 def exp_mqtt_message(config):
     if config is None:
         return cg.optional(cg.TemplateArguments(MQTTMessage))
@@ -424,6 +364,8 @@ async def to_code(config):
             add_idf_component(name="espressif/mqtt", ref="1.0.0")
         else:
             include_builtin_idf_component("mqtt")
+        # mqtt_client.h drags in esp_tls types; esp-tls is excluded by default
+        include_builtin_idf_component("esp-tls")
 
     cg.add_define("USE_MQTT")
     cg.add_global(mqtt_ns.using)
@@ -701,7 +643,7 @@ async def mqtt_disable_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
 
-FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_platform(
+_platform_filter = filter_source_files_from_platform(
     {
         "mqtt_backend_esp32.cpp": {
             PlatformFramework.ESP32_ARDUINO,
@@ -709,3 +651,34 @@ FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_platform(
         },
     }
 )
+
+# Each entity file is fully #ifdef'd on the USE_<ENTITY> define the core
+# emits for entity platforms present in the config.
+_define_filter = filter_source_files_from_defines(
+    {
+        "mqtt_alarm_control_panel.cpp": "USE_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL",
+        "mqtt_binary_sensor.cpp": "USE_BINARY_SENSOR",
+        "mqtt_button.cpp": "USE_BUTTON",
+        "mqtt_climate.cpp": "USE_CLIMATE",
+        "mqtt_cover.cpp": "USE_COVER",
+        "mqtt_date.cpp": "USE_DATETIME_DATE",
+        "mqtt_datetime.cpp": "USE_DATETIME_DATETIME",
+        "mqtt_event.cpp": "USE_EVENT",
+        "mqtt_fan.cpp": "USE_FAN",
+        "mqtt_light.cpp": "USE_LIGHT",
+        "mqtt_lock.cpp": "USE_LOCK",
+        "mqtt_number.cpp": "USE_NUMBER",
+        "mqtt_select.cpp": "USE_SELECT",
+        "mqtt_sensor.cpp": "USE_SENSOR",
+        "mqtt_switch.cpp": "USE_SWITCH",
+        "mqtt_text.cpp": "USE_TEXT",
+        "mqtt_text_sensor.cpp": "USE_TEXT_SENSOR",
+        "mqtt_time.cpp": "USE_DATETIME_TIME",
+        "mqtt_update.cpp": "USE_UPDATE",
+        "mqtt_valve.cpp": "USE_VALVE",
+    }
+)
+
+
+def FILTER_SOURCE_FILES() -> list[str]:
+    return _platform_filter() + _define_filter()
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_esp32.cpp b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_esp32.cpp
index 499a330730..09eb5f97dc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_esp32.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_esp32.cpp
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::mqtt {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "mqtt.idf";
+static const char *const TAG = "mqtt";
 
 bool MQTTBackendESP32::initialize_() {
   mqtt_cfg_.broker.address.hostname = this->host_.c_str();
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.cpp b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.cpp
index ab665e2579..2ecab47904 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.cpp
@@ -41,7 +41,11 @@ MQTTClientComponent::MQTTClientComponent() {
   global_mqtt_client = this;
   char mac_addr[MAC_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE];
   get_mac_address_into_buffer(mac_addr);
-  this->credentials_.client_id = make_name_with_suffix(App.get_name(), '-', mac_addr, MAC_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE - 1);
+  const StringRef &name = App.get_name();
+  char client_id[MAX_NAME_WITH_SUFFIX_SIZE];
+  size_t len = make_name_with_suffix_to(client_id, sizeof(client_id), name.c_str(), name.size(), '-', mac_addr,
+                                        MAC_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE - 1);
+  this->credentials_.client_id.assign(client_id, len);
 }
 
 // Connection
@@ -668,9 +672,7 @@ void MQTTClientComponent::on_message(const std::string &topic, const std::string
 // Setters
 void MQTTClientComponent::disable_log_message() { this->log_message_.topic = ""; }
 bool MQTTClientComponent::is_log_message_enabled() const { return !this->log_message_.topic.empty(); }
-void MQTTClientComponent::set_reboot_timeout(uint32_t reboot_timeout) { this->reboot_timeout_ = reboot_timeout; }
 void MQTTClientComponent::register_mqtt_component(MQTTComponent *component) { this->children_.push_back(component); }
-void MQTTClientComponent::set_log_level(int level) { this->log_level_ = level; }
 void MQTTClientComponent::set_keep_alive(uint16_t keep_alive_s) { this->mqtt_backend_.set_keep_alive(keep_alive_s); }
 void MQTTClientComponent::set_log_message_template(MQTTMessage &&message) { this->log_message_ = std::move(message); }
 const MQTTDiscoveryInfo &MQTTClientComponent::get_discovery_info() const { return this->discovery_info_; }
@@ -683,10 +685,6 @@ void MQTTClientComponent::set_topic_prefix(const std::string &topic_prefix, cons
   }
 }
 const std::string &MQTTClientComponent::get_topic_prefix() const { return this->topic_prefix_; }
-void MQTTClientComponent::set_publish_nan_as_none(bool publish_nan_as_none) {
-  this->publish_nan_as_none_ = publish_nan_as_none;
-}
-bool MQTTClientComponent::is_publish_nan_as_none() const { return this->publish_nan_as_none_; }
 void MQTTClientComponent::disable_birth_message() {
   this->birth_message_.topic = "";
   this->recalculate_availability_();
@@ -766,8 +764,6 @@ MQTTClientComponent *global_mqtt_client = nullptr;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-
 
 // MQTTMessageTrigger
 MQTTMessageTrigger::MQTTMessageTrigger(std::string topic) : topic_(std::move(topic)) {}
-void MQTTMessageTrigger::set_qos(uint8_t qos) { this->qos_ = qos; }
-void MQTTMessageTrigger::set_payload(const std::string &payload) { this->payload_ = payload; }
 void MQTTMessageTrigger::setup() {
   global_mqtt_client->subscribe(
       this->topic_,
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.h b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.h
index f741be561c..fe0966e725 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.h
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ class MQTTClientComponent final : public Component {
 
   /// Manually set the topic used for logging.
   void set_log_message_template(MQTTMessage &&message);
-  void set_log_level(int level);
+  void set_log_level(int level) { this->log_level_ = level; }
   /// Get the topic used for logging. Defaults to "<topic_prefix>/debug" and the value is cached for speed.
   void disable_log_message();
   bool is_log_message_enabled() const;
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ class MQTTClientComponent final : public Component {
 
   void check_connected();
 
-  void set_reboot_timeout(uint32_t reboot_timeout);
+  void set_reboot_timeout(uint32_t reboot_timeout) { this->reboot_timeout_ = reboot_timeout; }
 
   void register_mqtt_component(MQTTComponent *component);
 
@@ -262,8 +262,8 @@ class MQTTClientComponent final : public Component {
   void set_on_disconnect(mqtt_on_disconnect_callback_t &&callback);
 
   // Publish None state instead of NaN for Home Assistant
-  void set_publish_nan_as_none(bool publish_nan_as_none);
-  bool is_publish_nan_as_none() const;
+  void set_publish_nan_as_none(bool publish_nan_as_none) { this->publish_nan_as_none_ = publish_nan_as_none; }
+  bool is_publish_nan_as_none() const { return this->publish_nan_as_none_; }
 
   void set_wait_for_connection(bool wait_for_connection) { this->wait_for_connection_ = wait_for_connection; }
 
@@ -344,8 +344,8 @@ class MQTTMessageTrigger final : public Trigger<std::string>, public Component {
  public:
   explicit MQTTMessageTrigger(std::string topic);
 
-  void set_qos(uint8_t qos);
-  void set_payload(const std::string &payload);
+  void set_qos(uint8_t qos) { this->qos_ = qos; }
+  void set_payload(const std::string &payload) { this->payload_ = payload; }
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
   float get_setup_priority() const override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_climate.cpp b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_climate.cpp
index d5ee4c6a9b..0e6a374f9b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_climate.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_climate.cpp
@@ -118,8 +118,7 @@ void MQTTClimateComponent::send_discovery(JsonObject root, mqtt::SendDiscoveryCo
   root[MQTT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE_STEP] = roundf(traits.get_visual_target_temperature_step() * 10) * 0.1f;
   // current_temp_step
   root[MQTT_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE_STEP] = roundf(traits.get_visual_current_temperature_step() * 10) * 0.1f;
-  // temperature units are always coerced to Celsius internally
-  root[MQTT_TEMPERATURE_UNIT] = "C";
+  root[MQTT_TEMPERATURE_UNIT] = traits.get_temperature_unit() == TemperatureUnit::FAHRENHEIT ? "F" : "C";
 
   // min_humidity
   root[MQTT_MIN_HUMIDITY] = traits.get_visual_min_humidity();
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.cpp b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.cpp
index 3bbc1cdfa3..a80cea6bd6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.cpp
@@ -39,10 +39,12 @@ inline char *append_char(char *p, char c) {
 // Function implementation of LOG_MQTT_COMPONENT macro to reduce code size
 void log_mqtt_component(const char *tag, MQTTComponent *obj, bool state_topic, bool command_topic) {
   char buf[MQTT_DEFAULT_TOPIC_MAX_LEN];
-  if (state_topic)
+  if (state_topic) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  State Topic: '%s'", obj->get_state_topic_to_(buf).c_str());
-  if (command_topic)
+  }
+  if (command_topic) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  Command Topic: '%s'", obj->get_command_topic_to_(buf).c_str());
+  }
 }
 
 void MQTTComponent::set_qos(uint8_t qos) { this->qos_ = qos; }
@@ -340,10 +342,6 @@ bool MQTTComponent::send_discovery_() {
   // NOLINTEND(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks)
 }
 
-uint8_t MQTTComponent::get_qos() const { return this->qos_; }
-
-bool MQTTComponent::get_retain() const { return this->retain_; }
-
 bool MQTTComponent::is_discovery_enabled() const {
   return this->discovery_enabled_ && global_mqtt_client->is_discovery_enabled();
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.h b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.h
index 7983e04870..b4ae624404 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.h
@@ -108,11 +108,11 @@ class MQTTComponent : public Component {
 
   /// Set QOS for state messages.
   void set_qos(uint8_t qos);
-  uint8_t get_qos() const;
+  uint8_t get_qos() const { return this->qos_; }
 
   /// Set whether state message should be retained.
   void set_retain(bool retain);
-  bool get_retain() const;
+  bool get_retain() const { return this->retain_; }
 
   /// Disable discovery. Sets friendly name to "".
   void disable_discovery();
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_sensor.cpp
index c66465dd16..1c0625d1c9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_sensor.cpp
@@ -39,8 +39,6 @@ uint32_t MQTTSensorComponent::get_expire_after() const {
     return *this->expire_after_;
   return 0;
 }
-void MQTTSensorComponent::set_expire_after(uint32_t expire_after) { this->expire_after_ = expire_after; }
-void MQTTSensorComponent::disable_expire_after() { this->expire_after_ = 0; }
 
 void MQTTSensorComponent::send_discovery(JsonObject root, mqtt::SendDiscoveryConfig &config) {
   // NOLINTBEGIN(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks) false positive with ArduinoJson
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_sensor.h b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_sensor.h
index 1d5ee8095c..a56963d9c1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_sensor.h
@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ class MQTTSensorComponent final : public mqtt::MQTTComponent {
   explicit MQTTSensorComponent(sensor::Sensor *sensor);
 
   /// Setup an expiry, 0 disables it
-  void set_expire_after(uint32_t expire_after);
+  void set_expire_after(uint32_t expire_after) { this->expire_after_ = expire_after; }
   /// Disable Home Assistant value expiry.
-  void disable_expire_after();
+  void disable_expire_after() { this->expire_after_ = 0; }
 
   void send_discovery(JsonObject root, mqtt::SendDiscoveryConfig &config) override;
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt_subscribe/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mqtt_subscribe/sensor/__init__.py
index 56efb3f67e..e451d2db8a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt_subscribe/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt_subscribe/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import mqtt, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_QOS, CONF_TOPIC
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import mqtt_subscribe_ns
 
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt_subscribe/text_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mqtt_subscribe/text_sensor/__init__.py
index 9c5d3a81eb..d432ef8a93 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt_subscribe/text_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt_subscribe/text_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import mqtt, text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_QOS, CONF_TOPIC
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import mqtt_subscribe_ns
 
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ms5611/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ms5611/sensor.py
index dfb6083bef..e42e0824dd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ms5611/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ms5611/sensor.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_HECTOPASCAL,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ms8607/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ms8607/sensor.py
index 038f17190a..e5d90432d8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ms8607/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ms8607/sensor.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_HECTOPASCAL,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/msa3xx/__init__.py b/esphome/components/msa3xx/__init__.py
index 04514b584f..0beece6710 100644
--- a/esphome/components/msa3xx/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/msa3xx/__init__.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TRANSFORM,
     CONF_TYPE,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@latonita"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -123,7 +124,7 @@ MSA_SENSOR_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/msa3xx/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/msa3xx/binary_sensor.py
index 732a0ed291..ef27c98e66 100644
--- a/esphome/components/msa3xx/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/msa3xx/binary_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ACTIVE, CONF_NAME, DEVICE_CLASS_VIBRATION, ICON_VIBRATE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_MSA3XX_ID, MSA_SENSOR_SCHEMA
 
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = MSA_SENSOR_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MSA3XX_ID])
 
     for sensor in EVENT_SENSORS:
diff --git a/esphome/components/msa3xx/sensor.py b/esphome/components/msa3xx/sensor.py
index 63f050fa05..22bcb94025 100644
--- a/esphome/components/msa3xx/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/msa3xx/sensor.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_METER_PER_SECOND_SQUARED,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_MSA3XX_ID, MSA_SENSOR_SCHEMA
 
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = MSA_SENSOR_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MSA3XX_ID])
     for accel_key in ACCELERATION_SENSORS:
         if accel_key in config:
diff --git a/esphome/components/msa3xx/text_sensor.py b/esphome/components/msa3xx/text_sensor.py
index c53a4aa139..6693ec8542 100644
--- a/esphome/components/msa3xx/text_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/msa3xx/text_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_NAME
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_MSA3XX_ID, MSA_SENSOR_SCHEMA
 
@@ -25,13 +27,13 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = MSA_SENSOR_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def setup_conf(config, key, hub):
+async def setup_conf(config: ConfigType, key: str, hub: MockObj) -> None:
     if sensor_config := config.get(key):
         var = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(sensor_config)
         cg.add(getattr(hub, f"set_{key}_text_sensor")(var))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MSA3XX_ID])
 
     for key in ORIENTATION_SENSORS:
diff --git a/esphome/components/my9231/__init__.py b/esphome/components/my9231/__init__.py
index e5a879a0f0..e43454d6ed 100644
--- a/esphome/components/my9231/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/my9231/__init__.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_NUM_CHANNELS,
     CONF_NUM_CHIPS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["output"]
 my9231_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("my9231")
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/my9231/output.py b/esphome/components/my9231/output.py
index b4fad82c5f..c2ec15d411 100644
--- a/esphome/components/my9231/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/my9231/output.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import MY9231OutputComponent
 
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await output.register_output(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/nau7802/sensor.py b/esphome/components/nau7802/sensor.py
index 9798c1c297..415ae09daf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nau7802/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/nau7802/sensor.py
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_GAIN, CONF_ID, ICON_SCALE, STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@cujomalainey"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -93,7 +96,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
@@ -131,7 +134,12 @@ NAU7802_CALIBRATE_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
     NAU7802_CALIBRATE_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def nau7802_calibrate_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def nau7802_calibrate_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/network/__init__.py b/esphome/components/network/__init__.py
index 24e9aa45e1..9a47679ba3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/network/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/network/__init__.py
@@ -26,6 +26,16 @@ _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 # Components can request high performance networking and this configures lwip and WiFi settings
 KEY_HIGH_PERFORMANCE_NETWORKING = "high_performance_networking"
 CONF_ENABLE_HIGH_PERFORMANCE = "enable_high_performance"
+CONF_TCP_SEND_BUFFER = "tcp_send_buffer"
+
+# lwIP queues at most this many unsent/unacked bytes per TCP socket; the
+# stock ESP-IDF default (5744 bytes) stalls bursty senders like a Bluetooth
+# proxy streaming GATT notifications. Bounds follow the lwIP guidance for the
+# default 1440 byte MSS: at least 2 x MSS, at most 65535 without window
+# scaling. The cap is kept even when window scaling is on (high performance
+# with PSRAM) as a deliberate conservative bound.
+TCP_SEND_BUFFER_MIN = 2880
+TCP_SEND_BUFFER_MAX = 65535
 
 # Network priority tracking infrastructure
 # Components can query this to determine their relative setup priority.
@@ -39,6 +49,12 @@ KEY_NETWORK_PRIORITY = "network_priority"
 # NETWORK_PLAN.md for the full multi-interface roadmap.
 VALID_NETWORK_TYPES = ["ethernet", "wifi"]
 
+# Interfaces NetworkComponent::loop() knows how to arbitrate the default route
+# for. Deliberately NOT derived from VALID_NETWORK_TYPES: extending that list
+# without extending the C++ arbitration (and then this set) is caught in
+# _final_validate() as a config error instead of a silently mis-routed interface.
+ARBITRATED_NETWORK_TYPES = frozenset({"ethernet", "wifi"})
+
 # Setup priority base values — first in list gets the highest priority.
 #
 # The base equals the historical setup_priority::WIFI / ::ETHERNET default
@@ -300,6 +316,11 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.Optional(CONF_ENABLE_HIGH_PERFORMANCE): cv.All(
                 cv.boolean, cv.only_on_esp32
             ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TCP_SEND_BUFFER): cv.All(
+                cv.validate_bytes,
+                cv.int_range(min=TCP_SEND_BUFFER_MIN, max=TCP_SEND_BUFFER_MAX),
+                cv.only_on_esp32,
+            ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_PRIORITY): _validate_priority_list,
         }
     ),
@@ -310,7 +331,8 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     """Check that every interface named in 'priority' has a corresponding component block."""
     full = fv.full_config.get()
-    for entry in config.get(CONF_PRIORITY, []):
+    priority_list = config.get(CONF_PRIORITY, [])
+    for entry in priority_list:
         iface = entry["interface"]
         if iface not in full:
             raise cv.Invalid(
@@ -319,12 +341,30 @@ def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
                 [CONF_PRIORITY],
             )
 
+    # Tripwire for future interface types (openthread, modem): the C++ default-route
+    # arbitration pivots on USE_NETWORK_PRIMARY_INTERFACE_WIFI and only knows
+    # ethernet and wifi. Extend NetworkComponent::loop() before allowing another
+    # type here. Unreachable until VALID_NETWORK_TYPES grows.
+    if (
+        len(priority_list) > 1
+        and (
+            unsupported := {e["interface"] for e in priority_list}
+            - ARBITRATED_NETWORK_TYPES
+        )
+        and CORE.is_esp32
+    ):
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            "Default-route arbitration does not support: "
+            f"{', '.join(sorted(unsupported))}",
+            [CONF_PRIORITY],
+        )
+
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.NETWORK)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_define("USE_NETWORK")
     # ESP32 with Arduino uses ESP-IDF network APIs directly, no Arduino Network library needed
 
@@ -337,10 +377,22 @@ async def to_code(config):
         # network/util.cpp resolves the reported address (get_use_address_to,
         # get_ip_addresses) in a fixed ethernet-first order; a wifi-first priority
         # list is the only case that deviates from it, so it is the only case that
-        # needs a define. Runtime (active-interface) selection is a planned follow-up.
+        # needs a define.
         if priority_list[0]["interface"] == "wifi":
             cg.add_define("USE_NETWORK_PRIMARY_INTERFACE_WIFI")
 
+        # With more than one interface, NetworkComponent::loop() arbitrates the
+        # default route (ESP-IDF's fixed route_prio values would always favor
+        # WiFi). ESP32 only: the arbitration needs esp_netif, which both
+        # frameworks build from source.
+        # The ethernet/wifi-only assumption behind the arbitration is enforced in
+        # _final_validate() so a future unsupported type fails as a config error.
+        if len(priority_list) > 1 and CORE.is_esp32:
+            cg.add_define("USE_NETWORK_DEFAULT_ROUTE")
+            # Have lwIP switch to the DNS servers of the netif that owns the
+            # default route whenever the arbitration changes it.
+            add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_ESP_NETIF_SET_DNS_PER_DEFAULT_NETIF", True)
+
         _LOGGER.info(
             "Network interface priority: %s",
             " > ".join(entry["interface"] for entry in priority_list),
@@ -409,6 +461,16 @@ async def to_code(config):
             add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_LWIP_TCP_RECVMBOX_SIZE", 64)
             add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_LWIP_TCPIP_RECVMBOX_SIZE", 64)
 
+    # After the high performance block so an explicit size wins over the
+    # bundle's 65534 (last write wins in the sdkconfig store).
+    if (tcp_send_buffer := config.get(CONF_TCP_SEND_BUFFER)) is not None:
+        if CORE.is_esp32 and should_enable:
+            _LOGGER.info(
+                "TCP send buffer set to %d bytes by configuration (overriding high performance value)",
+                tcp_send_buffer,
+            )
+        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_LWIP_TCP_SND_BUF_DEFAULT", tcp_send_buffer)
+
     if CORE.is_nrf52:
         zephyr_add_prj_conf("NETWORKING", True)
         zephyr_add_prj_conf("NET_IPV6", True)
diff --git a/esphome/components/network/ip_address.h b/esphome/components/network/ip_address.h
index f7aa7daf99..28f83cc4fa 100644
--- a/esphome/components/network/ip_address.h
+++ b/esphome/components/network/ip_address.h
@@ -188,6 +188,8 @@ struct IPAddress {
   }
   IPAddress(const std::string &in_address) { inet_aton(in_address.c_str(), &ip_addr_); }
   IPAddress(const ip_addr_t *other_ip) { ip_addr_ = *other_ip; }
+  bool is_ip4() const { return true; }
+  bool is_ip6() const { return false; }
   /// Write IP address to buffer. Buffer must be at least IP_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE bytes.
   char *str_to(char *buf) const {
     inet_ntop(AF_INET, &ip_addr_, buf, IP_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE);
diff --git a/esphome/components/network/network_component.cpp b/esphome/components/network/network_component.cpp
index 40cf64906c..7e05983733 100644
--- a/esphome/components/network/network_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/network/network_component.cpp
@@ -6,6 +6,21 @@
 #include "esp_err.h"
 #include "esp_netif.h"
 #include "esp_event.h"
+#include "lwip/opt.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_NETWORK_DEFAULT_ROUTE
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esp_netif_net_stack.h"
+#include "lwip/netif.h"
+#ifdef USE_ETHERNET
+#include "esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_WIFI
+#include "esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h"
+#endif
+#endif
+
 namespace esphome::network {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "network";
@@ -29,5 +44,90 @@ void NetworkComponent::setup() {
   }
 }
 
+void NetworkComponent::dump_config() {
+  // The effective compile-time lwIP value, so the log reflects tcp_send_buffer
+  // or the high performance bundle when either changed it.
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "Network:\n"
+                "  TCP send buffer: %d bytes",
+                TCP_SND_BUF);
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_NETWORK_DEFAULT_ROUTE
+static esp_netif_t *connected_wifi_netif() {
+#ifdef USE_WIFI
+  auto *wifi = wifi::global_wifi_component;
+  if (wifi != nullptr && wifi->is_connected())
+    return wifi->get_esp_netif_sta();
+#endif
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+static esp_netif_t *connected_ethernet_netif() {
+#ifdef USE_ETHERNET
+  auto *eth = ethernet::global_eth_component;
+  if (eth != nullptr && eth->is_connected())
+    return eth->get_esp_netif();
+#endif
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+void NetworkComponent::loop() {
+  // Pin the default route to the first connected interface in the user's priority
+  // order; ESP-IDF's own route_prio selection would always favor WiFi.
+  // USE_NETWORK_PRIMARY_INTERFACE_WIFI is emitted for a wifi-first priority list;
+  // it selects the reported address in util.cpp and doubles as the route-order
+  // pivot here — the two uses must stay in sync.
+  esp_netif_t *best;
+#ifdef USE_NETWORK_PRIMARY_INTERFACE_WIFI
+  best = connected_wifi_netif();
+  if (best == nullptr)
+    best = connected_ethernet_netif();
+#else
+  best = connected_ethernet_netif();
+  if (best == nullptr)
+    best = connected_wifi_netif();
+#endif
+  if (best == nullptr) {
+    // Forget the last winner: stopping its netif cleared lwIP's default route and
+    // IDF's manual override suppresses re-election, so reconnect must re-assert it.
+    this->default_netif_ = nullptr;
+    return;
+  }
+  if (best == this->default_netif_) {
+    // Same winner as the last assert. Still re-assert if lwIP's default route is
+    // not the winner's netif: a winner whose netif bounced down and up between two
+    // polls would otherwise stay routeless (stopping a netif nulls lwIP's
+    // netif_default). Checking lwIP directly keeps this independent of IDF's
+    // re-election bookkeeping (esp_netif_get_default_netif() cannot detect it).
+    // Throttled: LwIPLock is the global lwIP core mutex, and this branch runs on
+    // every pass once the route has settled.
+    const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+    if (now - this->last_route_check_ < ROUTE_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS)
+      return;
+    this->last_route_check_ = now;
+    bool route_is_ours;
+    {
+      LwIPLock lock;
+      route_is_ours = static_cast<void *>(netif_default) == esp_netif_get_netif_impl(best);
+    }
+    if (route_is_ours)
+      return;
+  }
+  esp_err_t err = esp_netif_set_default_netif(best);
+  if (err != ESP_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to set default interface: (%d) %s", err, esp_err_to_name(err));
+    // Cache the intent anyway: subsequent passes take the same-winner branch
+    // above, so retries are throttled to ROUTE_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS and the lwIP
+    // verification keeps re-attempting until the route is actually ours.
+    this->default_netif_ = best;
+    this->last_route_check_ = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+    return;
+  }
+  this->default_netif_ = best;
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Default interface: %s", esp_netif_get_desc(best));
+}
+#endif  // USE_NETWORK_DEFAULT_ROUTE
+
 }  // namespace esphome::network
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/network/network_component.h b/esphome/components/network/network_component.h
index 2e76a95673..870530974e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/network/network_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/network/network_component.h
@@ -3,12 +3,31 @@
 #if defined(USE_NETWORK) && defined(USE_ESP32)
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 
+#ifdef USE_NETWORK_DEFAULT_ROUTE
+// Forward declaration matching esp_netif's own typedef; avoids pulling esp_netif.h
+// into this header.
+using esp_netif_t = struct esp_netif_obj;
+#endif
+
 namespace esphome::network {
 class NetworkComponent final : public Component {
  public:
   void setup() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
   // AFTER_BLUETOOTH: BLE controller must initialize before esp_netif_init per IDF guidance.
   float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::AFTER_BLUETOOTH; }
+
+#ifdef USE_NETWORK_DEFAULT_ROUTE
+  void loop() override;
+
+ protected:
+  // Verify-lwIP-route interval for the settled state; keeps the global lwIP core
+  // mutex off the hot loop path.
+  static constexpr uint32_t ROUTE_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS = 1000;
+  // Last netif this component made the default; avoids redundant esp_netif calls.
+  esp_netif_t *default_netif_{nullptr};
+  uint32_t last_route_check_{0};
+#endif
 };
 }  // namespace esphome::network
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/network/util.cpp b/esphome/components/network/util.cpp
index d90c28801e..11485fdcf0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/network/util.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/network/util.cpp
@@ -10,16 +10,33 @@ namespace esphome::network {
 // an AP that uses a previous interface for NAT).
 
 bool is_disabled() {
+  // The network is disabled only when every configured interface with a
+  // disable() lifecycle is disabled; one enabled interface means traffic can flow.
+  bool disabled = false;
 #ifdef USE_MODEM
-  if (modem::global_modem_component != nullptr)
-    return modem::global_modem_component->is_disabled();
+  if (modem::global_modem_component != nullptr) {
+    if (!modem::global_modem_component->is_disabled())
+      return false;
+    disabled = true;
+  }
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_WIFI
-  if (wifi::global_wifi_component != nullptr)
-    return wifi::global_wifi_component->is_disabled();
+  if (wifi::global_wifi_component != nullptr) {
+    if (!wifi::global_wifi_component->is_disabled())
+      return false;
+    disabled = true;
+  }
 #endif
-  return false;
+
+#ifdef USE_ETHERNET
+  if (ethernet::global_eth_component != nullptr) {
+    if (!ethernet::global_eth_component->is_disabled())
+      return false;
+    disabled = true;
+  }
+#endif
+  return disabled;
 }
 
 const char *get_use_address_to(std::span<char, USE_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE> buf) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/network/util.h b/esphome/components/network/util.h
index df7e164bda..65a578c22f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/network/util.h
+++ b/esphome/components/network/util.h
@@ -52,7 +52,8 @@ ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE inline bool is_connected() {
   return false;
 }
 
-/// Return whether the network is disabled (only wifi for now)
+/// Return whether the network is disabled: every configured interface with a
+/// disable() lifecycle (modem, wifi, ethernet) is disabled.
 bool is_disabled();
 /// Buffer size for get_use_address_to(): 63-char DNS label + ".local" + null terminator
 static constexpr size_t USE_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE = 70;
diff --git a/esphome/components/nextion/display.py b/esphome/components/nextion/display.py
index 4ab123c354..3f5ba94b40 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nextion/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/nextion/display.py
@@ -290,7 +290,9 @@ async def to_code(config):
 
         if CORE.is_esp32:
             # Re-enable ESP-IDF's HTTP client (excluded by default to save compile time)
+            # and esp-tls, whose sdkconfig options below need the component present
             esp32.include_builtin_idf_component("esp_http_client")
+            esp32.include_builtin_idf_component("esp-tls")
             esp32.add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_ESP_TLS_INSECURE", True)
             esp32.add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
                 "CONFIG_ESP_TLS_SKIP_SERVER_CERT_VERIFY", True
diff --git a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion.cpp b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion.cpp
index bdc66adb70..97910ba3d5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion.cpp
@@ -595,7 +595,8 @@ void Nextion::process_nextion_commands_() {
         uint8_t page_id = to_process[0];
         uint8_t component_id = to_process[1];
         uint8_t touch_event = to_process[2];  // 0 -> release, 1 -> press
-        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Touch %s: page %u comp %u", touch_event ? "PRESS" : "RELEASE", page_id, component_id);
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Touch %s: page %u comp %u", touch_event ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("PRESS") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("RELEASE"),
+                 page_id, component_id);
         for (auto *touch : this->touch_) {
           touch->process_touch(page_id, component_id, touch_event != 0);
         }
@@ -628,7 +629,7 @@ void Nextion::process_nextion_commands_() {
         const uint16_t x = (uint16_t(to_process[0]) << 8) | to_process[1];
         const uint16_t y = (uint16_t(to_process[2]) << 8) | to_process[3];
         const uint8_t touch_event = to_process[4];  // 0 -> release, 1 -> press
-        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Touch %s at %u,%u", touch_event ? "PRESS" : "RELEASE", x, y);
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Touch %s at %u,%u", touch_event ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("PRESS") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("RELEASE"), x, y);
         break;
       }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_arduino.cpp b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_arduino.cpp
index 2f3377d950..f02f32d5ca 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_arduino.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_arduino.cpp
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::nextion {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "nextion.upload.arduino";
+static const char *const TAG = "nextion.upload";
 static constexpr size_t NEXTION_MAX_RESPONSE_LOG_BYTES = 16;
 
 // Timeout for display acknowledgment during TFT upload (ms).
diff --git a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_esp32.cpp b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_esp32.cpp
index e2d5ae8ad7..c4dc74b5d3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_esp32.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_esp32.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::nextion {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "nextion.upload.esp32";
+static const char *const TAG = "nextion.upload";
 static constexpr size_t NEXTION_MAX_RESPONSE_LOG_BYTES = 16;
 
 // Timeout for display acknowledgment during TFT upload (ms).
diff --git a/esphome/components/nfc/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/nfc/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index 47cf014550..e9747d7a14 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nfc/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/nfc/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_UID
 from esphome.core import HexInt
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import Nfcc, NfcTagListener, nfc_ns
 
@@ -21,7 +24,7 @@ NfcTagBinarySensor = nfc_ns.class_(
 )
 
 
-def validate_uid(value):
+def validate_uid(value: Any) -> str:
     value = cv.string_strict(value)
     for x in value.split("-"):
         if len(x) != 2:
@@ -56,7 +59,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_NFCC_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/noblex/climate.py b/esphome/components/noblex/climate.py
index 19c4b6a08e..89fff517fb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/noblex/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/noblex/climate.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 
@@ -9,5 +10,5 @@ NoblexClimate = noblex_ns.class_("NoblexClimate", climate_ir.ClimateIR)
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(NoblexClimate)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/noise/__init__.py b/esphome/components/noise/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0f9328a482
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/noise/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+import base64
+import binascii
+from typing import Any
+
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_KEY
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
+
+noise_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("noise")
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema({})
+
+
+def validate_encryption_key(value: Any) -> str:
+    value = cv.string_strict(value)
+    try:
+        decoded = base64.b64decode(value, validate=True)
+    except ValueError as err:
+        raise cv.Invalid("Invalid key format, please check it's using base64") from err
+
+    if len(decoded) != 32:
+        raise cv.Invalid("Encryption key must be base64 and 32 bytes long")
+
+    # Return original data for roundtrip conversion
+    return value
+
+
+def decode_encryption_key(value: str) -> bytes:
+    """Decode a base64 encryption key to its 32 raw bytes.
+
+    a2b_base64 matches the decode the clients use (aioesphomeapi
+    decode_noise_psk), so both ends derive the same bytes. The length is
+    re-checked so a caller cannot turn an unvalidated short decode into a
+    zero-padded PSK.
+    """
+    try:
+        decoded = binascii.a2b_base64(value)
+    except ValueError as err:
+        raise cv.Invalid("Invalid key format, please check it's using base64") from err
+    if len(decoded) != 32:
+        raise cv.Invalid("Encryption key must be base64 and 32 bytes long")
+    return decoded
+
+
+def is_reserved_key(value: str) -> bool:
+    """Whether the key is the reserved all-zeros provisioning sentinel.
+
+    The device treats it as no key configured, so consumers that require a
+    real key must reject it.
+    """
+    return not any(decode_encryption_key(value))
+
+
+ENCRYPTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Optional(CONF_KEY): cv.sensitive(validate_encryption_key),
+    }
+)
+
+
+def encryption_schema(config: ConfigType | None) -> ConfigType:
+    # A bare `encryption:` block is valid; a missing key means the consumer
+    # falls back to its keyless behavior (api provisioning, ota inheriting
+    # the api key).
+    if config is None:
+        config = {}
+    return ENCRYPTION_SCHEMA(config)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    cg.add_define("USE_NOISE")
+    cg.add_library("esphome/noise-c", "0.1.21")
+    # noise-c depends on libsodium, but declaring it here too lets the
+    # library manager see the full set up front instead of discovering
+    # libsodium only after noise-c has downloaded, so the two can download
+    # in parallel. The version must match noise-c's library.json.
+    cg.add_library("esphome/libsodium", "1.10021.4")
+    # Enable optimized memzero/memcmp in libsodium instead of volatile byte loops
+    cg.add_build_flag("-DHAVE_WEAK_SYMBOLS=1")
+    cg.add_build_flag("-DHAVE_INLINE_ASM=1")
diff --git a/esphome/components/noise/noise.cpp b/esphome/components/noise/noise.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..95fab322db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/noise/noise.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+#include "noise.h"
+#ifdef USE_NOISE
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include <noise/protocol.h>
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+#include <pgmspace.h>
+#endif
+
+namespace esphome::noise {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "noise";
+
+const LogString *noise_err_to_logstr(int err) {
+  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_NO_MEMORY)
+    return LOG_STR("NO_MEMORY");
+  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_UNKNOWN_ID)
+    return LOG_STR("UNKNOWN_ID");
+  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_UNKNOWN_NAME)
+    return LOG_STR("UNKNOWN_NAME");
+  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_MAC_FAILURE)
+    return LOG_STR("MAC_FAILURE");
+  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_NOT_APPLICABLE)
+    return LOG_STR("NOT_APPLICABLE");
+  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_SYSTEM)
+    return LOG_STR("SYSTEM");
+  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_REMOTE_KEY_REQUIRED)
+    return LOG_STR("REMOTE_KEY_REQUIRED");
+  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_LOCAL_KEY_REQUIRED)
+    return LOG_STR("LOCAL_KEY_REQUIRED");
+  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_PSK_REQUIRED)
+    return LOG_STR("PSK_REQUIRED");
+  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_INVALID_LENGTH)
+    return LOG_STR("INVALID_LENGTH");
+  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM)
+    return LOG_STR("INVALID_PARAM");
+  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_INVALID_STATE)
+    return LOG_STR("INVALID_STATE");
+  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_INVALID_NONCE)
+    return LOG_STR("INVALID_NONCE");
+  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_INVALID_PRIVATE_KEY)
+    return LOG_STR("INVALID_PRIVATE_KEY");
+  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_INVALID_PUBLIC_KEY)
+    return LOG_STR("INVALID_PUBLIC_KEY");
+  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_INVALID_FORMAT)
+    return LOG_STR("INVALID_FORMAT");
+  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_INVALID_SIGNATURE)
+    return LOG_STR("INVALID_SIGNATURE");
+  return LOG_STR("UNKNOWN");
+}
+
+const LogString *reject_reason_for(int err) {
+  return err == NOISE_ERROR_MAC_FAILURE ? LOG_STR("Handshake MAC failure") : LOG_STR("Handshake error");
+}
+
+size_t format_reject_payload(uint8_t *buf, size_t capacity, const LogString *reason) {
+  if (capacity == 0) {
+    // A caller bug; the MAC_FAILURE_PAYLOAD_SIZE static_asserts at the call
+    // sites make this unreachable, kept as cheap memory safety
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Reject buffer has no capacity");
+    return 0;
+  }
+  buf[0] = HANDSHAKE_STATUS_REJECT;
+#ifdef USE_STORE_LOG_STR_IN_FLASH
+  // On ESP8266 with flash strings, we need to use PROGMEM-aware functions
+  size_t reason_len = strlen_P(reinterpret_cast<PGM_P>(reason));
+  reason_len = std::min(reason_len, capacity - 1);
+  if (reason_len > 0) {
+    memcpy_P(buf + 1, reinterpret_cast<PGM_P>(reason), reason_len);
+  }
+#else
+  const char *reason_str = LOG_STR_ARG(reason);
+  size_t reason_len = strlen(reason_str);
+  reason_len = std::min(reason_len, capacity - 1);
+  if (reason_len > 0) {
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-not-null-terminated-result) - binary protocol, not a C string
+    std::memcpy(buf + 1, reason_str, reason_len);
+  }
+#endif
+  return reason_len + 1;
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::noise
+#endif  // USE_NOISE
diff --git a/esphome/components/noise/noise.h b/esphome/components/noise/noise.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f9da8d35b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/noise/noise.h
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#ifdef USE_NOISE
+#include <array>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::noise {
+
+using psk_t = std::array<uint8_t, 32>;
+
+class NoiseContext {
+ public:
+  // The all-zeros PSK is reserved: it marks the device as unprovisioned and
+  // doubles as the well-known provisioning PSK that unprovisioned devices
+  // accept for Noise handshakes (passive-sniffing protection only, no
+  // authentication). It is never a valid real key.
+  static bool is_all_zeros(const psk_t &psk) {
+    uint8_t acc = 0;
+    for (uint8_t b : psk) {
+      acc |= b;
+    }
+    return acc == 0;
+  }
+  void set_psk(psk_t psk) {
+    this->psk_ = psk;
+    this->has_psk_ = !is_all_zeros(psk);
+  }
+  const psk_t &get_psk() const { return this->psk_; }
+  bool has_psk() const { return this->has_psk_; }
+
+ protected:
+  psk_t psk_{};
+  bool has_psk_{false};
+};
+
+/// Convert a noise error code to a readable error
+const LogString *noise_err_to_logstr(int err);
+
+// Shared wire format for the noise transports (api and ota): every frame is
+// FRAME_INDICATOR, a 16-bit big-endian payload length, then the payload.
+// Handshake payloads start with a status byte; transport payloads end with
+// the ChaCha20-Poly1305 MAC.
+static constexpr uint8_t FRAME_INDICATOR = 0x01;
+static constexpr size_t FRAME_HEADER_SIZE = 3;
+static constexpr size_t MAC_SIZE = 16;
+static constexpr size_t MAX_HANDSHAKE_SIZE = 128;
+static constexpr uint8_t HANDSHAKE_STATUS_OK = 0x00;
+static constexpr uint8_t HANDSHAKE_STATUS_REJECT = 0x01;
+
+inline void write_frame_header(uint8_t *buf, uint16_t payload_len) {
+  buf[0] = FRAME_INDICATOR;
+  buf[1] = (uint8_t) (payload_len >> 8);
+  buf[2] = (uint8_t) payload_len;
+}
+
+/// Fill buf with a handshake reject payload (status byte plus the reason
+/// text, PROGMEM aware); returns the payload length. buf needs capacity for
+/// the status byte plus the truncated reason.
+size_t format_reject_payload(uint8_t *buf, size_t capacity, const LogString *reason);
+
+/// Reject reason for a failed handshake read. The MAC failure string is a
+/// wire contract: clients match it to report a wrong key.
+const LogString *reject_reason_for(int err);
+
+/// Payload size of the MAC failure reject, the one reason string that is a
+/// wire contract (sizeof's NUL stands in for the status byte). static_assert
+/// reject buffers against this so a wrong key report can never truncate;
+/// longer caller-supplied reasons are informational and sized by the caller.
+static constexpr size_t MAC_FAILURE_PAYLOAD_SIZE = sizeof("Handshake MAC failure");
+
+}  // namespace esphome::noise
+#endif  // USE_NOISE
diff --git a/esphome/components/noise/noise_handshake.cpp b/esphome/components/noise/noise_handshake.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6d426de012
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/noise/noise_handshake.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+#include "noise_handshake.h"
+#ifdef USE_NOISE
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::noise {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "noise";
+
+// Log the failing noise-c call at the same verbosity the api helper used
+// before this class existed; callers only see one collapsed error code.
+#define HANDSHAKE_STEP_LOG(func_name, err_code) \
+  ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "%s failed: %s", LOG_STR_ARG(LOG_STR(func_name)), LOG_STR_ARG(noise_err_to_logstr(err_code)))
+
+NoiseResponderHandshake::~NoiseResponderHandshake() {
+  if (this->handshake_ != nullptr) {
+    noise_handshakestate_free(this->handshake_);
+    this->handshake_ = nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+int NoiseResponderHandshake::init(const psk_t &psk, const uint8_t *prologue, size_t prologue_len) {
+  if (this->handshake_ != nullptr) {
+    noise_handshakestate_free(this->handshake_);
+    this->handshake_ = nullptr;
+  }
+  // Noise_NNpsk0_25519_ChaChaPoly_SHA256, built on the stack:
+  // noise_handshakestate_new_by_id copies it, so a member would waste
+  // 104 bytes per connection, and a static const would sit in RAM on
+  // ESP8266 (.rodata is DRAM there).
+  const NoiseProtocolId nid = {
+      .prefix_id = NOISE_PREFIX_STANDARD,
+      .pattern_id = NOISE_PATTERN_NN,
+      .modifier_ids = {NOISE_MODIFIER_PSK0},
+      .dh_id = NOISE_DH_CURVE25519,
+      .cipher_id = NOISE_CIPHER_CHACHAPOLY,
+      .hash_id = NOISE_HASH_SHA256,
+      .hybrid_id = NOISE_DH_NONE,
+  };
+
+  int err = noise_handshakestate_new_by_id(&this->handshake_, &nid, NOISE_ROLE_RESPONDER);
+  if (err != 0) {
+    HANDSHAKE_STEP_LOG("noise_handshakestate_new_by_id", err);
+    return err;
+  }
+  err = noise_handshakestate_set_pre_shared_key(this->handshake_, psk.data(), psk.size());
+  if (err != 0) {
+    HANDSHAKE_STEP_LOG("noise_handshakestate_set_pre_shared_key", err);
+    return this->fail_init_(err);
+  }
+  err = noise_handshakestate_set_prologue(this->handshake_, prologue, prologue_len);
+  if (err != 0) {
+    HANDSHAKE_STEP_LOG("noise_handshakestate_set_prologue", err);
+    return this->fail_init_(err);
+  }
+  err = noise_handshakestate_start(this->handshake_);
+  if (err != 0) {
+    HANDSHAKE_STEP_LOG("noise_handshakestate_start", err);
+    return this->fail_init_(err);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/// Release a half-initialized state so a failed init() leaves the object as
+/// if init() was never called.
+int NoiseResponderHandshake::fail_init_(int err) {
+  noise_handshakestate_free(this->handshake_);
+  this->handshake_ = nullptr;
+  return err;
+}
+
+NoiseResponderHandshake::Action NoiseResponderHandshake::action() const {
+  if (this->handshake_ == nullptr) {
+    // A caller bug: init() was never called, or split() already released the state
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "action() on uninitialized or split handshake");
+    return Action::ACTION_FAILED;
+  }
+  int raw = noise_handshakestate_get_action(this->handshake_);
+  switch (raw) {
+    case NOISE_ACTION_READ_MESSAGE:
+      return Action::ACTION_READ;
+    case NOISE_ACTION_WRITE_MESSAGE:
+      return Action::ACTION_WRITE;
+    case NOISE_ACTION_SPLIT:
+      return Action::ACTION_SPLIT;
+    default:
+      // Preserve the raw code in debug logs; callers only see the collapsed enum
+      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Unexpected noise action %d", raw);
+      return Action::ACTION_FAILED;
+  }
+}
+
+int NoiseResponderHandshake::read_message(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+  NoiseBuffer mbuf;
+  noise_buffer_init(mbuf);
+  noise_buffer_set_input(mbuf, data, len);
+  return noise_handshakestate_read_message(this->handshake_, &mbuf, nullptr);
+}
+
+int NoiseResponderHandshake::write_message(uint8_t *out, size_t capacity, size_t &out_len) {
+  out_len = 0;
+  NoiseBuffer mbuf;
+  noise_buffer_init(mbuf);
+  noise_buffer_set_output(mbuf, out, capacity);
+  int err = noise_handshakestate_write_message(this->handshake_, &mbuf, nullptr);
+  if (err == 0)
+    out_len = mbuf.size;
+  return err;
+}
+
+int NoiseResponderHandshake::split(NoiseCipherState *&send_cipher, NoiseCipherState *&recv_cipher) {
+  // Defined error postcondition: noise-c leaves the out-params unwritten on
+  // its early error returns, so a caller passing uninitialized locals must
+  // never see garbage to free
+  send_cipher = nullptr;
+  recv_cipher = nullptr;
+  int err = noise_handshakestate_split(this->handshake_, &send_cipher, &recv_cipher);
+  if (err != 0)
+    return err;
+  noise_handshakestate_free(this->handshake_);
+  this->handshake_ = nullptr;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+extern "C" {
+// noise-c's only randomness source (the vendored library compiles no rand of
+// its own); HWRNG backed. Lives in this TU so every handshake consumer links
+// it and the definition can never be dropped from the archive.
+void noise_rand_bytes(void *output, size_t len) {
+  if (!esphome::random_bytes(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(output), len)) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Acquiring random bytes failed; rebooting");
+    arch_restart();
+  }
+}
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::noise
+#endif  // USE_NOISE
diff --git a/esphome/components/noise/noise_handshake.h b/esphome/components/noise/noise_handshake.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..30596f35c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/noise/noise_handshake.h
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#ifdef USE_NOISE
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include <noise/protocol.h>
+
+#include "noise.h"
+
+namespace esphome::noise {
+
+/** Sans-IO responder side of a Noise_NNpsk0_25519_ChaChaPoly_SHA256 handshake.
+ *
+ * Owns only the noise-c handshake state; the caller moves the raw handshake
+ * messages (no framing) over its own transport, driven by action():
+ * read_message() while READ, write_message() while WRITE, then split() to
+ * take ownership of the transport ciphers. All methods return a noise-c
+ * error code, 0 on success. Called outside their action() step (before
+ * init(), after split()) the message methods return a noise-c error rather
+ * than crashing; the library checks its state argument.
+ *
+ * Methods are deliberately small separate functions so callers on tight
+ * stacks (RP2040 core0 scratch bank) never pay for more than one branch;
+ * the curve25519 step alone needs ~2KB of stack.
+ */
+class NoiseResponderHandshake {
+ public:
+  // The ACTION_ prefix is macro-collision safety: SDK headers #define bare
+  // names like READ/WRITE, and macros expand even inside an enum class.
+  enum class Action : uint8_t { ACTION_READ, ACTION_WRITE, ACTION_SPLIT, ACTION_FAILED };
+
+  NoiseResponderHandshake() = default;
+  ~NoiseResponderHandshake();
+  // Owns a raw noise-c handshake state; copying would double free it
+  NoiseResponderHandshake(const NoiseResponderHandshake &) = delete;
+  NoiseResponderHandshake &operator=(const NoiseResponderHandshake &) = delete;
+
+  /// Create and start the handshake with the given PSK and prologue. A
+  /// repeated call frees the previous handshake state and starts over.
+  [[nodiscard]] int init(const psk_t &psk, const uint8_t *prologue, size_t prologue_len);
+  /// ACTION_FAILED is the catch-all: returned before init(), after split()
+  /// has released the state, and when noise-c reports a failed handshake.
+  [[nodiscard]] Action action() const;
+  /// Process one received handshake message. The buffer is consumed in
+  /// place: noise-c decrypts into it and zeroes it before returning.
+  [[nodiscard]] int read_message(uint8_t *data, size_t len);
+  /// Produce the next handshake message into out; out_len receives its size
+  /// and is zero on error.
+  [[nodiscard]] int write_message(uint8_t *out, size_t capacity, size_t &out_len);
+  /// Hand out the transport ciphers and free the handshake state. The caller
+  /// owns both cipher states and must free them with noise_cipherstate_free();
+  /// both are set to nullptr on error.
+  [[nodiscard]] int split(NoiseCipherState *&send_cipher, NoiseCipherState *&recv_cipher);
+
+ protected:
+  int fail_init_(int err);
+
+  NoiseHandshakeState *handshake_{nullptr};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::noise
+#endif  // USE_NOISE
diff --git a/esphome/components/npi19/sensor.py b/esphome/components/npi19/sensor.py
index d13e72f5f8..4c7db10ce9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/npi19/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/npi19/sensor.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@bakerkj"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/nrf52/__init__.py b/esphome/components/nrf52/__init__.py
index 386fed5412..aeeaba0c11 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nrf52/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/nrf52/__init__.py
@@ -125,10 +125,8 @@ def set_core_data(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     return config
 
 
-def _resolve_toolchain(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
-    if CORE.toolchain is None:
-        CORE.toolchain = config.get(CONF_TOOLCHAIN, Toolchain.SDK_NRF)
-    return config
+_TOOLCHAINS = (Toolchain.PLATFORMIO, Toolchain.SDK_NRF)
+_resolve_toolchain = cv.resolve_toolchain("nRF52", _TOOLCHAINS, Toolchain.SDK_NRF)
 
 
 def set_framework(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
@@ -170,10 +168,7 @@ BOOTLOADERS = [
 ]
 
 
-def _validate_toolchain(value) -> Toolchain:
-    return Toolchain(
-        cv.one_of(Toolchain.PLATFORMIO, Toolchain.SDK_NRF, lower=True)(value)
-    )
+_validate_toolchain = cv.toolchain_enum(_TOOLCHAINS)
 
 
 def _detect_bootloader(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
@@ -473,6 +468,9 @@ def copy_files() -> None:
 
 def get_download_types(storage_json: StorageJSON) -> list[dict[str, str]]:
     """Get the download types for the firmware."""
+    # No recorded firmware path means nothing was built; no downloads.
+    if storage_json.firmware_bin_path is None:
+        return []
     types = []
     UF2_PATH = "zephyr/zephyr.uf2"
     DFU_PATH = "firmware.zip"
diff --git a/esphome/components/nrf52/framework.py b/esphome/components/nrf52/framework.py
index 6b32fe1fea..5e2cf197fb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nrf52/framework.py
+++ b/esphome/components/nrf52/framework.py
@@ -5,23 +5,19 @@ from pathlib import Path
 import platform
 import shutil
 import sys
-import tempfile
-
-import platformdirs
 
+from esphome.build_helpers.tools_cache import SDK_NRF_TOOLS_CACHE, tools_cache_path
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import KEY_CORE, KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION
 from esphome.core import CORE, EsphomeError
 from esphome.framework_helpers import (
-    archive_extract_all,
     create_venv,
-    download_from_mirrors,
+    download_and_extract,
     get_python_env_executable_path,
     rmdir,
     run_command_ok,
     str_to_lst_of_str,
 )
-from esphome.helpers import get_str_env
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -51,15 +47,25 @@ SDK_NG_MINIMAL_MIRRORS = str_to_lst_of_str(
 
 
 def get_sdk_nrf_tools_path() -> Path:
-    # A blank ESPHOME_SDK_NRF_PREFIX must be treated as unset: Path("")
-    # resolves to the CWD, which clean-all would then delete.
-    if prefix := get_str_env("ESPHOME_SDK_NRF_PREFIX", "").strip():
-        path = Path(prefix).expanduser()
-    else:
-        # Machine-global (OS user cache dir) so all projects share one install;
-        # see espidf.framework.get_idf_tools_path for the location rationale.
-        path = Path(platformdirs.user_cache_dir("esphome", appauthor=False)) / "sdk-nrf"
-    return path.resolve()
+    # Machine-global (OS user cache dir) so all projects share one install;
+    # see espidf.framework.get_idf_tools_path for the location rationale.
+    return tools_cache_path(*SDK_NRF_TOOLS_CACHE)
+
+
+def _needs_venv_rebuild(
+    env_python_path: Path, sentinel: Path, requirements_hash: str
+) -> bool:
+    """True when a penv must be (re)built.
+
+    Rebuild when the interpreter is not a regular file, which covers a
+    dangling symlink (a cached venv outliving a host interpreter upgrade)
+    and a corrupt restore, or when the sentinel is missing or stale.
+    """
+    return (
+        not env_python_path.is_file()
+        or not sentinel.exists()
+        or sentinel.read_text(encoding="utf-8") != requirements_hash
+    )
 
 
 def _get_python_env_path(version: str) -> Path:
@@ -198,10 +204,7 @@ def setup_platformio_python_env() -> None:
         + "\n".join(_PLATFORMIO_PENV_REQUIREMENTS).encode()
         + f"python{sys.version_info.major}.{sys.version_info.minor}".encode()
     ).hexdigest()
-    if (
-        not sentinel.exists()
-        or sentinel.read_text(encoding="utf-8") != requirements_hash
-    ):
+    if _needs_venv_rebuild(env_python_path, sentinel, requirements_hash):
         rmdir(penv_path, msg="Clean up PlatformIO toolchain Python environment")
 
         create_venv(penv_path, msg="PlatformIO toolchain")
@@ -250,10 +253,7 @@ def check_and_install() -> None:
     env_python_path = get_python_env_executable_path(python_env_path, "python")
     sentinel = python_env_path / ".ready"
     requirements_hash = hashlib.sha256(_REQUIREMENTS.read_bytes()).hexdigest()
-    install_venv = (
-        not sentinel.exists()
-        or sentinel.read_text(encoding="utf-8") != requirements_hash
-    )
+    install_venv = _needs_venv_rebuild(env_python_path, sentinel, requirements_hash)
     if install_venv:
         rmdir(python_env_path, msg=f"Clean up {version} Python environment")
 
@@ -336,34 +336,37 @@ def check_and_install() -> None:
     if not sentinel.exists():
         rmdir(toolchains_dir, msg=f"Clean up {TOOLCHAIN_VERSION} toolchain environment")
         sysname, machine, extension = _get_toolchain_platform_info()
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as tmp:
-            _LOGGER.info("Downloading Zephyr SDK %s minimal ...", TOOLCHAIN_VERSION)
-            download_from_mirrors(
-                SDK_NG_MINIMAL_MIRRORS,
-                {
-                    "VERSION": TOOLCHAIN_VERSION,
-                    "sysname": sysname,
-                    "machine": machine,
-                    "extension": extension,
-                },
-                tmp.file,
-            )
-            archive_extract_all(tmp.file, toolchains_dir, progress_header="Extracting")
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as tmp:
-            _LOGGER.info("Downloading %s toolchain ...", TOOLCHAIN_VERSION)
-            download_from_mirrors(
+        substitutions = {
+            "VERSION": TOOLCHAIN_VERSION,
+            "sysname": sysname,
+            "machine": machine,
+            "extension": extension,
+        }
+        # Downloaded next to the destination (not a temp file) so an
+        # interrupted download's .part file resumes on the next run.
+        for mirrors, extract_dir, what, slug in (
+            (SDK_NG_MINIMAL_MIRRORS, toolchains_dir, "Zephyr SDK minimal", "minimal"),
+            (
                 SDK_NG_TOOLCHAIN_MIRRORS,
-                {
-                    "VERSION": TOOLCHAIN_VERSION,
-                    "sysname": sysname,
-                    "machine": machine,
-                    "extension": extension,
-                },
-                tmp.file,
-            )
-            archive_extract_all(
-                tmp.file,
                 toolchains_dir / "arm-zephyr-eabi",
+                "toolchain",
+                "toolchain",
+            ),
+        ):
+            _LOGGER.info("Downloading %s %s ...", TOOLCHAIN_VERSION, what)
+            download_and_extract(
+                mirrors,
+                substitutions,
+                toolchains_dir.with_name(f"{toolchains_dir.name}.{slug}.archive"),
+                extract_dir,
                 progress_header="Extracting",
             )
+        # Best-effort prune of resume leftovers, including a previous
+        # TOOLCHAIN_VERSION's orphans; the SDK archives are hundreds of MB.
+        # A locked file must not discard the just-completed install.
+        for leftover in toolchains_dir.parent.glob("*.archive.part*"):
+            try:
+                leftover.unlink()
+            except OSError as err:
+                _LOGGER.debug("Could not remove %s: %s", leftover, err)
         sentinel.touch()
diff --git a/esphome/components/ntc/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ntc/sensor.py
index dd7d1bd35d..6c2cb69990 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ntc/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ntc/sensor.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from math import log
+from typing import Any
 
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import sensor
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 ntc_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("ntc")
 NTC = ntc_ns.class_("NTC", cg.Component, sensor.Sensor)
@@ -25,7 +27,7 @@ CONF_C = "c"
 ZERO_POINT = 273.15
 
 
-def validate_calibration_parameter(value):
+def validate_calibration_parameter(value: Any) -> ConfigType:
     if isinstance(value, dict):
         return cv.Schema(
             {
@@ -48,7 +50,7 @@ def validate_calibration_parameter(value):
     )
 
 
-def calc_steinhart_hart(value):
+def calc_steinhart_hart(value: list[ConfigType]) -> tuple[float, float, float]:
     r1 = value[0][CONF_VALUE]
     r2 = value[1][CONF_VALUE]
     r3 = value[2][CONF_VALUE]
@@ -73,7 +75,7 @@ def calc_steinhart_hart(value):
     return a, b, c
 
 
-def calc_b(value):
+def calc_b(value: ConfigType) -> tuple[float, float, float]:
     beta = value[CONF_B_CONSTANT]
     t0 = value[CONF_REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE] + ZERO_POINT
     r0 = value[CONF_REFERENCE_RESISTANCE]
@@ -85,7 +87,7 @@ def calc_b(value):
     return a, b, c
 
 
-def process_calibration(value):
+def process_calibration(value: Any) -> ConfigType:
     if isinstance(value, dict):
         value = cv.Schema(
             {
@@ -132,7 +134,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/one_wire/__init__.py b/esphome/components/one_wire/__init__.py
index 9173b7014b..8d35aaa34e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/one_wire/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/one_wire/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ADDRESS, CONF_INDEX
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@ssieb"]
 
@@ -13,7 +15,7 @@ OneWireBus = one_wire_ns.class_("OneWireBus")
 OneWireDevice = one_wire_ns.class_("OneWireDevice")
 
 
-def one_wire_device_schema():
+def one_wire_device_schema() -> cv.Schema:
     """Create a schema for a 1-wire device.
 
     :return: The 1-wire device schema, `extend` this in your config schema.
@@ -27,7 +29,7 @@ def one_wire_device_schema():
     )
 
 
-async def register_one_wire_device(var, config):
+async def register_one_wire_device(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     """Register an 1-wire device with the given config.
 
     Sets the 1-wire bus to use and the 1-wire address.
diff --git a/esphome/components/one_wire/one_wire_bus.cpp b/esphome/components/one_wire/one_wire_bus.cpp
index c7ea59050c..b62e4f47d4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/one_wire/one_wire_bus.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/one_wire/one_wire_bus.cpp
@@ -18,8 +18,9 @@ const std::vector<uint64_t> &OneWireBus::get_devices() { return this->devices_;
 
 bool OneWireBus::reset_() {
   int res = this->reset_int();
-  if (res == -1)
+  if (res == -1) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "1-wire bus is held low");
+  }
   return res == 1;
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/online_image/image.py b/esphome/components/online_image/image.py
index cb86f93e29..3e9517937e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/online_image/image.py
+++ b/esphome/components/online_image/image.py
@@ -4,9 +4,18 @@ from esphome.components import runtime_image
 from esphome.components.const import CONF_REQUEST_HEADERS
 from esphome.components.http_request import CONF_HTTP_REQUEST_ID, HttpRequestComponent
 from esphome.components.image import CONF_TRANSPARENCY, add_metadata
+from esphome.components.runtime_image import IMAGE_FORMATS
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_BUFFER_SIZE, CONF_ID, CONF_ON_ERROR, CONF_TYPE, CONF_URL
-from esphome.core import Lambda
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_BUFFER_SIZE,
+    CONF_FORMAT,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_ON_ERROR,
+    CONF_TYPE,
+    CONF_URL,
+)
+from esphome.core import ID, Lambda
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["runtime_image"]
@@ -30,7 +39,6 @@ ReleaseImageAction = online_image_ns.class_(
     "OnlineImageReleaseAction", automation.Action, cg.Parented.template(OnlineImage)
 )
 
-
 ONLINE_IMAGE_SCHEMA = (
     runtime_image.runtime_image_schema(OnlineImage)
     .extend(
@@ -38,6 +46,8 @@ ONLINE_IMAGE_SCHEMA = (
             # Online Image specific options
             cv.GenerateID(CONF_HTTP_REQUEST_ID): cv.use_id(HttpRequestComponent),
             cv.Required(CONF_URL): cv.url,
+            # AUTO (Content-Type detection) is online_image specific; not in the shared registry
+            cv.Required(CONF_FORMAT): cv.one_of(*IMAGE_FORMATS, "AUTO", upper=True),
             cv.Optional(CONF_BUFFER_SIZE, default=65536): cv.int_range(256, 65536),
             cv.Optional(CONF_REQUEST_HEADERS): cv.All(
                 cv.Schema({cv.string: cv.templatable(cv.string)})
@@ -89,7 +99,12 @@ RELEASE_IMAGE_SCHEMA = automation.maybe_simple_id(
     RELEASE_IMAGE_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def online_image_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def online_image_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/online_image/online_image.cpp b/esphome/components/online_image/online_image.cpp
index 22bce4cc41..3f2382accd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/online_image/online_image.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/online_image/online_image.cpp
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 #include "online_image.h"
 #include "esphome/components/runtime_image/image_decoder.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <cstdio>
 
 static const char *const TAG = "online_image";
+static const char *const CONTENT_TYPE_HEADER_NAME = "content-type";
 static const char *const ETAG_HEADER_NAME = "etag";
 static const char *const IF_NONE_MATCH_HEADER_NAME = "if-none-match";
 static const char *const LAST_MODIFIED_HEADER_NAME = "last-modified";
@@ -60,37 +63,19 @@ void OnlineImage::update() {
     headers.push_back({IF_MODIFIED_SINCE_HEADER_NAME, this->last_modified_});
   }
 
-  // Add Accept header based on image format
-  const char *accept_mime_type;
-  switch (this->get_format()) {
-#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_BMP
-    case runtime_image::BMP:
-      accept_mime_type = "image/bmp,*/*;q=0.8";
-      break;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_JPEG
-    case runtime_image::JPEG:
-      accept_mime_type = "image/jpeg,*/*;q=0.8";
-      break;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_PNG
-    case runtime_image::PNG:
-      accept_mime_type = "image/png,*/*;q=0.8";
-      break;
-#endif
-    default:
-      accept_mime_type = "image/*,*/*;q=0.8";
-      break;
-  }
-  headers.push_back({"Accept", accept_mime_type});
+  runtime_image::ImageFormat format = this->get_format();
+  // Accept: "<mime>,*/*;q=0.8"; 32 covers the longest MIME type plus the suffix
+  char accept_header[32];
+  snprintf(accept_header, sizeof(accept_header), "%s,*/*;q=0.8", runtime_image::get_mime_type_for_format(format));
+  headers.push_back({"Accept", accept_header});
 
   // User headers last so they can override any of the above
   for (auto &header : this->request_headers_) {
     headers.push_back(http_request::Header{header.first, header.second.value()});
   }
 
-  this->downloader_ = this->parent_->get(this->url_, headers, {ETAG_HEADER_NAME, LAST_MODIFIED_HEADER_NAME});
-
+  this->downloader_ =
+      this->parent_->get(this->url_, headers, {ETAG_HEADER_NAME, LAST_MODIFIED_HEADER_NAME, CONTENT_TYPE_HEADER_NAME});
   if (this->downloader_ == nullptr) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Download failed.");
     this->end_connection_();
@@ -115,17 +100,40 @@ void OnlineImage::update() {
 
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Starting download");
   size_t total_size = this->downloader_->content_length;
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Content-Length: %zu", total_size);
+
+  if (format == runtime_image::AUTO) {
+    // Try to auto-detect format from Content-Type header
+    auto content_type = this->downloader_->get_response_header(CONTENT_TYPE_HEADER_NAME);
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Content-Type: %s", content_type.c_str());
+    auto mime_format = esphome::runtime_image::get_format_for_mime_type(content_type.c_str());
+    if (mime_format.has_value()) {
+      format = *mime_format;
+    } else {
+      if (content_type.empty()) {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Server sent no Content-Type header; cannot determine image format. Set `format:` explicitly");
+      } else if (str_contains_ignore_case(content_type.c_str(), "image/")) {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Image format '%s' not supported.", content_type.c_str());
+      } else {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Server did not return an image (Content-Type: '%s')", content_type.c_str());
+      }
+      this->end_connection_();
+      this->download_error_callback_.call();
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Using image format: %d", format);
 
   // Initialize decoder with the known format
-  if (!this->begin_decode(total_size)) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to initialize decoder for format %d", this->get_format());
+  if (!this->begin_decode(total_size, format)) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to initialize decoder for format %d", format);
     this->end_connection_();
     this->download_error_callback_.call();
     return;
   }
 
   // JPEG requires the complete image in the download buffer before decoding
-  if (this->get_format() == runtime_image::JPEG && total_size > this->download_buffer_.size()) {
+  if (format == runtime_image::JPEG && total_size > this->download_buffer_.size()) {
     this->download_buffer_.resize(total_size);
   }
 
@@ -216,7 +224,7 @@ void OnlineImage::loop() {
 }
 
 void OnlineImage::end_connection_() {
-  // Abort any in-progress decode to free decoder resources.
+  // Abort any in-progress decode; the decoder object is kept warm for the next decode.
   // Use RuntimeImage::release() directly to avoid recursion with OnlineImage::release().
   if (this->is_decoding()) {
     RuntimeImage::release();
diff --git a/esphome/components/openthread/__init__.py b/esphome/components/openthread/__init__.py
index 4018ad81e7..ab69f5d9ae 100644
--- a/esphome/components/openthread/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/openthread/__init__.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components.esp32 import (
@@ -31,10 +33,12 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.core import (
     CORE,
+    ID,
     CoroPriority,
     TimePeriodMilliseconds,
     coroutine_with_priority,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
@@ -76,7 +80,7 @@ CONF_DEVICE_TYPES = [
 ]
 
 
-def _validate_txpower(value):
+def _validate_txpower(value: Any) -> int | float:
     if CORE.is_esp32:
         variant = get_esp32_variant()
 
@@ -90,7 +94,7 @@ def _validate_txpower(value):
     return value  # Unsupported, fail later with clear error
 
 
-def set_sdkconfig_options(config):
+def set_sdkconfig_options(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # and expose options for using SPI/UART RCPs
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_IEEE802154_ENABLED", True)
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_OPENTHREAD_RADIO_NATIVE", True)
@@ -180,7 +184,7 @@ def _validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     return config
 
 
-def _require_vfs_select(config):
+def _require_vfs_select(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     """Register VFS select requirement during config validation."""
     # OpenThread uses esp_vfs_eventfd which requires VFS select support (ESP32 only)
     if CORE.is_esp32:
@@ -188,7 +192,7 @@ def _require_vfs_select(config):
     return config
 
 
-def _validate_platform(config):
+def _validate_platform(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CORE.using_zephyr:
         return config
     return only_on_variant(
@@ -203,7 +207,7 @@ def _validate_platform(config):
     )(config)
 
 
-def _validate_tlv_hex(value):
+def _validate_tlv_hex(value: Any) -> str:
     s = cv.string_strict(value)
     if len(s) % 2 != 0:
         raise cv.Invalid("TLV must have an even number of hex characters")
@@ -242,7 +246,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate(_):
+def _final_validate(_: ConfigType) -> None:
     full_config = fv.full_config.get()
     network_config = full_config.get("network", {})
     if not network_config.get(CONF_ENABLE_IPV6, False):
@@ -274,7 +278,7 @@ FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_platform(
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.COMMUNICATION)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # Re-enable openthread IDF component (excluded by default)
     if CORE.is_esp32:
         include_builtin_idf_component("openthread")
@@ -339,7 +343,12 @@ POLL_PERIOD_ACTION_SCHEMA = automation.maybe_conf(
     POLL_PERIOD_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def openthread_poll_period_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def openthread_poll_period_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_POLL_PERIOD], args, cg.uint32)
diff --git a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.cpp b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.cpp
index 8bfc16b2e0..b98f109172 100644
--- a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.cpp
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 #include <openthread/cli.h>
 #include <openthread/instance.h>
+#include <openthread/ip6.h>
 #include <openthread/logging.h>
 #include <openthread/netdata.h>
 #include <openthread/tasklet.h>
@@ -229,26 +230,43 @@ void *OpenThreadSrpComponent::pool_alloc_(size_t size) {
 void OpenThreadSrpComponent::set_mdns(esphome::mdns::MDNSComponent *mdns) { this->mdns_ = mdns; }
 
 bool OpenThreadComponent::teardown() {
-  if (!this->teardown_started_) {
-    this->teardown_started_ = true;
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Clear Srp");
-    auto lock = InstanceLock::try_acquire(100);
-    if (!lock) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to acquire OpenThread lock during teardown, leaking memory");
-      return true;
-    }
-    otInstance *instance = lock.get_instance();
-    otSrpClientClearHostAndServices(instance);
-    otSrpClientBuffersFreeAllServices(instance);
-    global_openthread_component = nullptr;
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Exit main loop ");
-    int error = this->openthread_stop_();
-    if (error != 0) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed attempt to stop main loop %d", error);
-      this->teardown_complete_ = true;
-    }
+  switch (this->teardown_stage_) {
+    case TeardownStage::TEARDOWN_STAGE_NOT_STARTED: {
+      auto lock = InstanceLock::try_acquire(100);
+      if (!lock) {
+        // Try again on next teardown loop
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Failed to acquire OpenThread lock during teardown");
+        return false;
+      }
+      // Start tearing down
+      this->teardown_stage_ = TeardownStage::TEARDOWN_STAGE_STOP_IN_PROCESS;
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Clear SRP");
+      otInstance *instance = lock.get_instance();
+      otSrpClientClearHostAndServices(instance);
+      otSrpClientBuffersFreeAllServices(instance);
+      if (otThreadSetEnabled(instance, false) != OT_ERROR_NONE) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to disable Thread during teardown");
+      }
+      if (otIp6SetEnabled(instance, false) != OT_ERROR_NONE) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to disable IPv6 during teardown");
+      }
+      // Stop OpenThread
+      global_openthread_component = nullptr;
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Stop OpenThread");
+      int error = this->openthread_stop_();
+      if (error != 0) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed attempt to stop OpenThread %d", error);
+        this->teardown_stage_ = TeardownStage::TEARDOWN_STAGE_COMPLETED;
+      }
+    } break;
+    case TeardownStage::TEARDOWN_STAGE_STOP_IN_PROCESS:
+      // Waiting on OpenThread stop
+      break;
+    case TeardownStage::TEARDOWN_STAGE_COMPLETED:
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "OpenThreadComponent Teardown Complete");
+      break;
   }
-  return this->teardown_complete_;
+  return this->teardown_stage_ == TeardownStage::TEARDOWN_STAGE_COMPLETED;
 }
 
 void OpenThreadComponent::on_factory_reset(std::function<void()> callback) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h
index b4654af21f..f4c6d0962a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h
+++ b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h
@@ -19,6 +19,12 @@ namespace esphome::openthread {
 
 class InstanceLock;
 
+enum class TeardownStage : uint8_t {
+  TEARDOWN_STAGE_NOT_STARTED = 0,
+  TEARDOWN_STAGE_STOP_IN_PROCESS,
+  TEARDOWN_STAGE_COMPLETED,
+};
+
 template<typename... Ts> class OpenThreadComponentPollPeriodAction;
 
 class OpenThreadComponent final : public Component {
@@ -71,9 +77,8 @@ class OpenThreadComponent final : public Component {
 #endif
   std::optional<int8_t> output_power_{};
   std::atomic<bool> lock_initialized_{false};
-  bool teardown_started_{false};
-  bool teardown_complete_{false};
-  bool connected_{false};
+  std::atomic<TeardownStage> teardown_stage_{TeardownStage::TEARDOWN_STAGE_NOT_STARTED};
+  std::atomic<bool> connected_{false};
 
  private:
   // Stores a pointer to a string literal (static storage duration).
diff --git a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp
index 4f6e618f49..881bbea3c9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ void OpenThreadComponent::ot_main() {
   esp_netif_destroy(openthread_netif);
 
   esp_vfs_eventfd_unregister();
-  this->teardown_complete_ = true;
+  this->teardown_stage_ = TeardownStage::TEARDOWN_STAGE_COMPLETED;
   vTaskDelete(NULL);
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread_zephyr.cpp b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread_zephyr.cpp
index 7b9f14ab8c..cacb4c0122 100644
--- a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread_zephyr.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread_zephyr.cpp
@@ -90,10 +90,8 @@ void OpenThreadComponent::ot_main() {}
 otInstance *OpenThreadComponent::get_openthread_instance_() { return openthread_get_default_instance(); }
 
 int OpenThreadComponent::openthread_stop_() {
-  // OT stack is intentionally left running — no Zephyr stop API. The state callback stays
-  // registered but is safe (null-checks global_openthread_component). nRF52840 never
-  // re-enters setup() after teardown so this is functionally correct.
-  this->teardown_complete_ = true;
+  // Zephyr has no stack-stop API, so stop is synchronous here; mark complete immediately.
+  this->teardown_stage_ = TeardownStage::TEARDOWN_STAGE_COMPLETED;
   return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/openthread_info/sensor.py b/esphome/components/openthread_info/sensor.py
index 4d5b3d54f4..e77b84e17c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/openthread_info/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/openthread_info/sensor.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_DECIBEL_MILLIWATT,
     UNIT_EMPTY,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_PARENT_AVERAGE_RSSI = "parent_average_rssi"
 CONF_PARENT_LAST_RSSI = "parent_last_rssi"
@@ -166,13 +167,13 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def setup_conf(config: dict, key: str):
+async def setup_conf(config: dict, key: str) -> None:
     if conf := config.get(key):
         var = await sensor.new_sensor(conf)
         await cg.register_component(var, conf)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await setup_conf(config, CONF_PARENT_AVERAGE_RSSI)
     await setup_conf(config, CONF_PARENT_LAST_RSSI)
     await setup_conf(config, CONF_PARENT_LINK_QUALITY_IN)
diff --git a/esphome/components/openthread_info/text_sensor.py b/esphome/components/openthread_info/text_sensor.py
index b672831bf0..da789ae706 100644
--- a/esphome/components/openthread_info/text_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/openthread_info/text_sensor.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.components.openthread.const import (
 )
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_IP_ADDRESS, ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_ROLE = "role"
 CONF_RLOC16 = "rloc16"
@@ -86,13 +87,13 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def setup_conf(config: dict, key: str):
+async def setup_conf(config: dict, key: str) -> None:
     if conf := config.get(key):
         var = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(conf)
         await cg.register_component(var, conf)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await setup_conf(config, CONF_IP_ADDRESS)
     await setup_conf(config, CONF_ROLE)
     await setup_conf(config, CONF_RLOC16)
diff --git a/esphome/components/opt3001/sensor.py b/esphome/components/opt3001/sensor.py
index 8490b0bd49..01ea125630 100644
--- a/esphome/components/opt3001/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/opt3001/sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import DEVICE_CLASS_ILLUMINANCE, STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT, UNIT_LUX
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@ccutrer"]
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ota/__init__.py
index 2d4de52e8f..a2e6953a16 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_platform
+from esphome.config_helpers import (
+    filter_source_files_from_defines,
+    filter_source_files_from_platform,
+)
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ESPHOME,
@@ -12,6 +15,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.coroutine import CoroPriority
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 OTA_STATE_LISTENER_KEY = "ota_state_listener"
 
@@ -49,7 +54,7 @@ OTAStateChangeTrigger = ota_ns.class_(
 )
 
 
-def _ota_final_validate(config):
+def _ota_final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if len(config) < 1:
         raise cv.Invalid(
             f"At least one platform must be specified for '{CONF_OTA}'; add '{CONF_PLATFORM}: {CONF_ESPHOME}' for original OTA functionality"
@@ -95,7 +100,7 @@ BASE_OTA_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.OTA_UPDATES)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_define("USE_OTA")
     CORE.add_job(final_step)
 
@@ -103,7 +108,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add_library("Updater", None)
 
 
-async def ota_to_code(var, config):
+async def ota_to_code(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await cg.past_safe_mode()
     use_state_callback = False
     for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_STATE_CHANGE, []):
@@ -145,7 +150,7 @@ def request_ota_state_listeners() -> None:
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.FINAL)
-async def final_step():
+async def final_step() -> None:
     """Final code generation step to configure optional OTA features."""
     if CORE.data.get(OTA_STATE_LISTENER_KEY, False):
         cg.add_define("USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER")
@@ -169,17 +174,17 @@ _filter_backend_source_files = filter_source_files_from_platform(
 )
 
 
+# USE_OTA_SIGNED_VERIFICATION_MULTI_KEY is set only on ESP32/IDF;
+# USE_OTA_PARTITIONS is set by the esphome OTA platform when
+# allow_partition_access is enabled.
+_filter_define_source_files = filter_source_files_from_defines(
+    {
+        "ota_signature_esp_idf.cpp": "USE_OTA_SIGNED_VERIFICATION_MULTI_KEY",
+        "ota_bootloader_esp_idf.cpp": "USE_OTA_PARTITIONS",
+        "ota_partitions_esp_idf.cpp": "USE_OTA_PARTITIONS",
+    }
+)
+
+
 def FILTER_SOURCE_FILES() -> list[str]:
-    files = _filter_backend_source_files()
-    # ota_signature_esp_idf.cpp implements multi-key OTA signature verification,
-    # compiled only when the esp32 component enables it (external RSA signed
-    # OTA sets USE_OTA_SIGNED_VERIFICATION_MULTI_KEY). The define is set only on
-    # ESP32/IDF, so this also excludes the file on every other platform. Filter
-    # it out otherwise so the (otherwise fully #ifdef'd-out) file isn't opened
-    # and parsed on every build.
-    if not any(
-        define.name == "USE_OTA_SIGNED_VERIFICATION_MULTI_KEY"
-        for define in CORE.defines
-    ):
-        files.append("ota_signature_esp_idf.cpp")
-    return files
+    return _filter_backend_source_files() + _filter_define_source_files()
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend.h b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend.h
index 01be46a518..7348a0ce90 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend.h
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
+#include <concepts>
+#include <cstddef>
 #include <cstdint>
 
 #ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
@@ -47,6 +49,7 @@ enum OTAResponseTypes {
   OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_BOOTLOADER_VERIFY = 0x91,
   OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_BOOTLOADER_UPDATE = 0x92,
   OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_VERSION_DOWNGRADE = 0x93,
+  OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_ENCRYPTION_REQUIRED = 0x94,
   OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_UNKNOWN = 0xFF,
 };
 
@@ -64,6 +67,19 @@ enum OTAResponseTypes {
  */
 bool version_is_older(const char *candidate, const char *reference);
 
+// 64 KiB flash block; the erase granularity the ESP-IDF backend erases ahead with.
+static constexpr size_t OTA_BLOCK_ERASE_SIZE = 64 * 1024;
+
+/** Target erased watermark for lazy block erase-ahead.
+ *
+ * Rounds the write end offset up to a block boundary, clamped to the partition
+ * size. Platform-independent so the arithmetic is host-testable.
+ */
+constexpr size_t next_erase_end(size_t write_end, size_t partition_size) {
+  const size_t rounded = (write_end + OTA_BLOCK_ERASE_SIZE - 1) & ~(OTA_BLOCK_ERASE_SIZE - 1);
+  return rounded < partition_size ? rounded : partition_size;
+}
+
 enum OTAState {
   OTA_COMPLETED = 0,
   OTA_STARTED,
@@ -78,6 +94,25 @@ enum OTAType : uint8_t {
   OTA_TYPE_UPDATE_BOOTLOADER = 0x02,
 };
 
+// The OTA backend method surface. Exactly one backend exists per build,
+// selected in ota_backend_factory.h where this concept is asserted on
+// make_ota_backend()'s return type. Semantics beyond the signatures:
+// - begin: prepare for an image of the given size; ota_type defaults to an
+//   app update, so both call forms must be accepted.
+// - set_update_md5: expected digest of the incoming image, hex string.
+// - write: consume the next chunk; end: finalize and mark bootable.
+// - abort: safe to call in any state, including after end().
+template<typename T>
+concept OTABackendContract = requires(T backend, size_t image_size, uint8_t *data, size_t len, const char *md5) {
+  { backend.begin(image_size, OTA_TYPE_UPDATE_APP) } -> std::same_as<OTAResponseTypes>;
+  { backend.begin(image_size) } -> std::same_as<OTAResponseTypes>;
+  backend.set_update_md5(md5);
+  { backend.write(data, len) } -> std::same_as<OTAResponseTypes>;
+  { backend.end() } -> std::same_as<OTAResponseTypes>;
+  backend.abort();
+  { backend.supports_compression() } -> std::same_as<bool>;
+};
+
 /** Listener interface for OTA state changes.
  *
  * Components can implement this interface to receive OTA state updates
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_libretiny.cpp b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_libretiny.cpp
index 4cc99202a7..231c4d2dd2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_libretiny.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_libretiny.cpp
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::ota {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "ota.arduino_libretiny";
+static const char *const TAG = "ota";
 
 std::unique_ptr<ArduinoLibreTinyOTABackend> make_ota_backend() { return make_unique<ArduinoLibreTinyOTABackend>(); }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_rp2.cpp b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_rp2.cpp
index b35eb38c12..48725b1265 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_rp2.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_rp2.cpp
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::ota {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "ota.arduino_rp2";
+static const char *const TAG = "ota";
 
 std::unique_ptr<ArduinoRP2OTABackend> make_ota_backend() { return make_unique<ArduinoRP2OTABackend>(); }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp8266.cpp b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp8266.cpp
index 6a678fb419..2a6a9e08b1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp8266.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp8266.cpp
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ static constexpr size_t MIN_BUFFER_SIZE = 256;
 
 namespace esphome::ota {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "ota.esp8266";
+static const char *const TAG = "ota";
 
 std::unique_ptr<ESP8266OTABackend> make_ota_backend() { return make_unique<ESP8266OTABackend>(); }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp_idf.cpp
index 108605e4c9..f33f37bbeb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp_idf.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 #include <esp_ota_ops.h>
-#include <esp_task_wdt.h>
+#include <sdkconfig.h>
 #include <spi_flash_mmap.h>
 #ifdef USE_OTA_DOWNGRADE_PROTECTION
 #include <esp_app_desc.h>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::ota {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "ota.idf";
+static const char *const TAG = "ota";
 
 std::unique_ptr<IDFOTABackend> make_ota_backend() { return make_unique<IDFOTABackend>(); }
 
@@ -60,27 +60,38 @@ OTAResponseTypes IDFOTABackend::begin(size_t image_size, ota::OTAType ota_type)
     return OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_NO_UPDATE_PARTITION;
   }
 
-  // esp_ota_begin() erases the destination region, which blocks loopTask and
-  // scales with the erase size -- a fixed watchdog overruns on large OTA slots.
-  // An unknown size (0, e.g. web_server uploads) erases the whole partition, so
-  // budget against the bytes actually erased. ~10ms/KiB (conservative
-  // ~100 KiB/s erase) over a 15s floor; panic stays on so a stuck erase still
-  // resets rather than hanging forever.
-  size_t erase_size = image_size;
-  if (erase_size == 0 || erase_size > this->partition_->size) {
-    erase_size = this->partition_->size;
+  // Both lazy-erase paths below replace esp_ota_begin()'s blocking full erase.
+  // Size check replaces the one that erase performed (0 = unknown size,
+  // e.g. web_server uploads).
+  if (image_size != 0 && image_size > this->partition_->size) {
+    return OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_ESP32_NOT_ENOUGH_SPACE;
   }
-  const uint32_t erase_budget_ms = 15000 + (erase_size >> 10) * 10;
-  watchdog::WatchdogManager watchdog(erase_budget_ms);
-  esp_err_t err = esp_ota_begin(this->partition_, image_size, &this->update_handle_);
+  this->written_ = 0;
+  esp_err_t err;
+#ifdef USE_OTA_BLOCK_ERASE_AHEAD
+  this->erased_end_ = 0;
+  // Unlike esp_ota_begin(), esp_ota_resume() does not reject a running app in
+  // ESP_OTA_IMG_PENDING_VERIFY; that state is unreachable here because the app
+  // was marked valid at boot (esp32/hal.cpp) or just above under USE_OTA_ROLLBACK.
+  // erase_size 0 (!= OTA_WITH_SEQUENTIAL_WRITES) means no erase; erase_ahead_() handles it
+  err = esp_ota_resume(this->partition_, 0, 0, &this->update_handle_);
+#if defined(CONFIG_BOOTLOADER_APP_ROLLBACK_ENABLE) && ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(5, 5, 0)
+  // esp_ota_begin() does this on IDF 5.5+; esp_ota_resume() does not. Prevents
+  // booting a half-written slot after a crash mid-OTA. Not available on the
+  // 5.3.3/5.4.2 backports, whose esp_ota_begin() did not invalidate either.
+  if (err == ESP_OK) {
+    esp_ota_invalidate_inactive_ota_data_slot();
+  }
+#endif
+#else
+  err = esp_ota_begin(this->partition_, OTA_WITH_SEQUENTIAL_WRITES, &this->update_handle_);
+#endif
 
   if (err != ESP_OK) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "esp_ota_begin failed (err=0x%X)", err);
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "OTA begin failed (err=0x%X)", err);
     esp_ota_abort(this->update_handle_);
     this->update_handle_ = 0;
-    if (err == ESP_ERR_INVALID_SIZE) {
-      return OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_ESP32_NOT_ENOUGH_SPACE;
-    } else if (err == ESP_ERR_FLASH_OP_TIMEOUT || err == ESP_ERR_FLASH_OP_FAIL) {
+    if (err == ESP_ERR_FLASH_OP_TIMEOUT || err == ESP_ERR_FLASH_OP_FAIL) {
       return OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_WRITING_FLASH;
     } else if (err == ESP_ERR_OTA_PARTITION_CONFLICT) {
       // This error appears with 1 factory and 1 ota partition
@@ -120,6 +131,17 @@ OTAResponseTypes IDFOTABackend::write(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   if (!this->is_app_or_bootloader_update_()) {
     return OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_OTA_TYPE;
   }
+#endif
+  // Overflow can only happen on unknown-size uploads (web_server); known
+  // sizes were rejected in begin().
+  if (this->written_ + len > this->partition_->size) {
+    return OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_ESP32_NOT_ENOUGH_SPACE;
+  }
+#ifdef USE_OTA_BLOCK_ERASE_AHEAD
+  OTAResponseTypes erase_result = this->erase_ahead_(len);
+  if (erase_result != OTA_RESPONSE_OK) {
+    return erase_result;
+  }
 #endif
   esp_err_t err = esp_ota_write(this->update_handle_, data, len);
   this->md5_.add(data, len);
@@ -127,14 +149,40 @@ OTAResponseTypes IDFOTABackend::write(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "esp_ota_write failed (err=0x%X)", err);
     if (err == ESP_ERR_OTA_VALIDATE_FAILED) {
       return OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_MAGIC;
+    } else if (err == ESP_ERR_INVALID_SIZE) {
+      // Sequential-writes fallback: IDF's lazy erase reports overflow here
+      return OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_ESP32_NOT_ENOUGH_SPACE;
     } else if (err == ESP_ERR_FLASH_OP_TIMEOUT || err == ESP_ERR_FLASH_OP_FAIL) {
       return OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_WRITING_FLASH;
     }
     return OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_UNKNOWN;
   }
+  this->written_ += len;
   return OTA_RESPONSE_OK;
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_OTA_BLOCK_ERASE_AHEAD
+OTAResponseTypes IDFOTABackend::erase_ahead_(size_t len) {
+  const size_t end = this->written_ + len;
+  if (this->erased_end_ >= end) {
+    return OTA_RESPONSE_OK;
+  }
+  // Round up to a block boundary, clamped to the partition end; IDF splits the
+  // range into 64 KiB block erases where aligned, sector erases elsewhere.
+  const size_t erase_to = next_erase_end(end, this->partition_->size);
+  // A block erase is one uninterruptible flash op (typically ~150 ms, seconds
+  // on aged flash) and the transfer loop may not have fed the WDT for ~1s.
+  watchdog::WatchdogManager watchdog(15000);
+  esp_err_t err = esp_partition_erase_range(this->partition_, this->erased_end_, erase_to - this->erased_end_);
+  if (err != ESP_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "esp_partition_erase_range failed (err=0x%X)", err);
+    return err == ESP_ERR_INVALID_SIZE ? OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_ESP32_NOT_ENOUGH_SPACE : OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_WRITING_FLASH;
+  }
+  this->erased_end_ = erase_to;
+  return OTA_RESPONSE_OK;
+}
+#endif
+
 OTAResponseTypes IDFOTABackend::end() {
   if (this->md5_set_) {
     this->md5_.calculate();
@@ -226,6 +274,10 @@ void IDFOTABackend::abort() {
   // or not an update is in flight.
   esp_ota_abort(this->update_handle_);
   this->update_handle_ = 0;
+  this->written_ = 0;
+#ifdef USE_OTA_BLOCK_ERASE_AHEAD
+  this->erased_end_ = 0;
+#endif
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::ota
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp_idf.h b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp_idf.h
index 9dffd5429e..c991f896e8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp_idf.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp_idf.h
@@ -5,8 +5,18 @@
 #include "esphome/components/md5/md5.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 
+#include <esp_idf_version.h>
 #include <esp_ota_ops.h>
 
+// esp_ota_resume() (IDF 5.4.2+, backported to 5.3.3) provides a no-erase OTA
+// handle, letting write() block-erase 64 KiB ahead of the write cursor
+// (~4x faster than the per-sector lazy erase of OTA_WITH_SEQUENTIAL_WRITES,
+// used as fallback on older IDF).
+#if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(5, 4, 2) || \
+    (ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(5, 3, 3) && ESP_IDF_VERSION < ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(5, 4, 0))
+#define USE_OTA_BLOCK_ERASE_AHEAD
+#endif
+
 namespace esphome::ota {
 
 #ifdef USE_OTA_PARTITIONS
@@ -54,6 +64,9 @@ class IDFOTABackend final {
 #endif
 
  private:
+#ifdef USE_OTA_BLOCK_ERASE_AHEAD
+  OTAResponseTypes erase_ahead_(size_t len);
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_OTA_SIGNED_VERIFICATION_MULTI_KEY
   // Accept an image signed by any key the running app trusts (up to 3 blocks),
   // so rotation and backup keys work. Fails closed. Covers app and bootloader.
@@ -62,7 +75,11 @@ class IDFOTABackend final {
   // Keep md5_ first since its digest_ is alignas(32) on DMA-SHA variants; md5_set_ stays last so buf_ packs tightly.
   md5::MD5Digest md5_{};
   esp_ota_handle_t update_handle_{0};
-  const esp_partition_t *partition_;
+  const esp_partition_t *partition_{nullptr};
+  size_t written_{0};  // Bytes handed to esp_ota_write()
+#ifdef USE_OTA_BLOCK_ERASE_AHEAD
+  size_t erased_end_{0};  // Erased up to this partition offset; must stay >= written_
+#endif
   char expected_bin_md5_[32];
   bool md5_set_{false};
 #ifdef USE_OTA_PARTITIONS
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_factory.h b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_factory.h
index c543983d8d..82d001ed9e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_factory.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_factory.h
@@ -17,11 +17,22 @@
 #else
 // Stub for static analysis when no platform is defined
 namespace esphome::ota {
-struct StubOTABackend {};
+struct StubOTABackend {
+  OTAResponseTypes begin(size_t image_size, OTAType ota_type = OTA_TYPE_UPDATE_APP) {
+    return OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_UNKNOWN;
+  }
+  void set_update_md5(const char *md5) {}
+  OTAResponseTypes write(uint8_t *data, size_t len) { return OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_UNKNOWN; }
+  OTAResponseTypes end() { return OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_UNKNOWN; }
+  void abort() {}
+  bool supports_compression() { return false; }
+};
 std::unique_ptr<StubOTABackend> make_ota_backend();
 }  // namespace esphome::ota
 #endif
 
 namespace esphome::ota {
 using OTABackendPtr = decltype(make_ota_backend());
+static_assert(OTABackendContract<OTABackendPtr::element_type>,
+              "The platform's OTA backend is missing part of the backend surface (ota_backend.h)");
 }  // namespace esphome::ota
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_host.cpp b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_host.cpp
index ee503a49e1..89e3f99e1e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_host.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_host.cpp
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ namespace esphome::ota {
 
 namespace {
 
-const char *const TAG = "ota.host";
+const char *const TAG = "ota";
 
 constexpr size_t MAX_OTA_SIZE = 256u * 1024u * 1024u;  // 256 MiB
 constexpr size_t HEADER_PEEK_SIZE = 64;
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_bootloader_esp_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/ota/ota_bootloader_esp_idf.cpp
index 264218a3df..5a83d92689 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/ota_bootloader_esp_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_bootloader_esp_idf.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 #include "ota_backend_esp_idf.h"
 
+#include "esphome/components/watchdog/watchdog.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 
 #ifdef USE_OTA_PARTITIONS
@@ -11,7 +12,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::ota {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "ota.idf";
+static const char *const TAG = "ota";
 
 OTAResponseTypes IDFOTABackend::register_and_validate_bootloader_part_() {
   // Register the bootloader partition
@@ -69,12 +70,20 @@ OTAResponseTypes IDFOTABackend::setup_bootloader_staging_() {
     return OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_BOOTLOADER_VERIFY;
   }
   // Erase full size of the bootloader partition in the staging partition
-  // to avoid copying old data to the bootloader partition later
+  // to avoid copying old data to the bootloader partition later. Up to
+  // ESP_BOOTLOADER_SIZE of blocking erase; widen the WDT for its duration.
+  watchdog::WatchdogManager watchdog(15000);
   esp_err_t err = esp_partition_erase_range(this->partition_, 0, this->bootloader_part_->size);
   if (err != ESP_OK) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "esp_partition_erase_range failed (err=0x%X)", err);
     // No critical error, don't return
   }
+#ifdef USE_OTA_BLOCK_ERASE_AHEAD
+  if (err == ESP_OK) {
+    // Skip re-erasing the pre-erased staging region in erase_ahead_()
+    this->erased_end_ = this->bootloader_part_->size;
+  }
+#endif
   err = esp_ota_set_final_partition(this->update_handle_, this->bootloader_part_, false);
   if (err != ESP_OK) {
     esp_ota_abort(this->update_handle_);
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_partitions_esp_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/ota/ota_partitions_esp_idf.cpp
index a7fc709313..d2b1196de6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/ota_partitions_esp_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_partitions_esp_idf.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::ota {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "ota.idf";
+static const char *const TAG = "ota";
 
 static inline bool check_overlap(uint32_t a_offset, size_t a_size, uint32_t b_offset, size_t b_size) {
   return (a_offset + a_size > b_offset && b_offset + b_size > a_offset);
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_rsa_der.h b/esphome/components/ota/ota_rsa_der.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1ec4e3cc62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_rsa_der.h
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+
+namespace esphome::ota {
+
+// The PSA Crypto API imports an RSA public key as a DER RSAPublicKey
+// (RFC 3279 2.3.1), not as raw bignums:
+//
+//   RSAPublicKey ::= SEQUENCE { modulus INTEGER, publicExponent INTEGER }
+//
+// The Secure Boot v2 signature block stores the modulus and exponent raw, so
+// they are wrapped here. Only RSA-3072 exists in that format, which fixes both
+// headers: a 3072-bit modulus always has its top bit set, so its INTEGER is
+// always tag + 2-byte length (0x181 = 385) + the sign pad; and the SEQUENCE
+// body is always 392..396 bytes, so its header is always tag + 2-byte length.
+// Only the exponent varies in width.
+constexpr size_t RSA_3072_MODULUS_BYTES = 384;
+constexpr uint8_t RSA_DER_MODULUS_PREFIX[] = {0x02, 0x82, 0x01, 0x81, 0x00};
+constexpr size_t RSA_DER_MODULUS_LEN = sizeof(RSA_DER_MODULUS_PREFIX) + RSA_3072_MODULUS_BYTES;  // 389
+// 4-byte SEQUENCE header + modulus + the widest exponent INTEGER (tag, length,
+// sign pad, 4 bytes).
+constexpr size_t RSA_DER_PUBKEY_MAX = 4 + RSA_DER_MODULUS_LEN + 7;
+
+/// Wrap a raw RSA-3072 modulus and exponent as a DER RSAPublicKey.
+///
+/// @param modulus_be   Big-endian modulus, RSA_3072_MODULUS_BYTES long.
+/// @param exponent_be  Big-endian exponent, exponent_len bytes, leading zeros allowed.
+///                     Rejected if the significant bytes would not fit a short-form length.
+/// @return the encoded length, or 0 if the exponent is zero or the buffer is too small.
+inline size_t rsa_der_public_key(const uint8_t *modulus_be, const uint8_t *exponent_be, size_t exponent_len,
+                                 uint8_t *out, size_t out_len) {
+  // A DER INTEGER is signed: drop leading zero bytes, then prepend one back if
+  // the value would otherwise read as negative.
+  while (exponent_len > 0 && exponent_be[0] == 0x00) {
+    exponent_be++;
+    exponent_len--;
+  }
+  if (exponent_len == 0) {
+    return 0;  // a zero exponent is not a usable key
+  }
+  const bool pad = (exponent_be[0] & 0x80) != 0;
+  const size_t exponent_content_len = exponent_len + (pad ? 1 : 0);
+  if (exponent_content_len > 0x7F) {
+    return 0;  // would need a long-form length, which this encoder does not write
+  }
+  const size_t exponent_der_len = 2 + exponent_content_len;
+  const size_t body_len = RSA_DER_MODULUS_LEN + exponent_der_len;
+  const size_t total_len = 4 + body_len;
+  if (total_len > out_len) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  size_t i = 0;
+  out[i++] = 0x30;  // SEQUENCE
+  out[i++] = 0x82;  // 2-byte length follows
+  out[i++] = static_cast<uint8_t>(body_len >> 8);
+  out[i++] = static_cast<uint8_t>(body_len);
+  memcpy(out + i, RSA_DER_MODULUS_PREFIX, sizeof(RSA_DER_MODULUS_PREFIX));
+  i += sizeof(RSA_DER_MODULUS_PREFIX);
+  memcpy(out + i, modulus_be, RSA_3072_MODULUS_BYTES);
+  i += RSA_3072_MODULUS_BYTES;
+  out[i++] = 0x02;  // INTEGER
+  out[i++] = static_cast<uint8_t>(exponent_content_len);
+  if (pad) {
+    out[i++] = 0x00;
+  }
+  memcpy(out + i, exponent_be, exponent_len);
+  return total_len;
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ota
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_signature_esp_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/ota/ota_signature_esp_idf.cpp
index edee594bfe..501d6ac241 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/ota_signature_esp_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_signature_esp_idf.cpp
@@ -14,13 +14,24 @@
 #include <esp_partition.h>
 #include <esp_rom_crc.h>
 
+#include <esp_idf_version.h>
+#if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(6, 0, 0)
+// mbedtls 4.0 (IDF 6.0) made the legacy mbedtls_rsa_*/mbedtls_sha256_* headers
+// private. Use the PSA Crypto API instead, like the sha256 component does. PSA
+// crypto is auto-initialized by ESP-IDF at startup (esp_psa_crypto_init.c,
+// priority 104), so no psa_crypto_init() call is needed.
+#define USE_OTA_SIG_PSA
+#include "ota_rsa_der.h"
+#include <psa/crypto.h>
+#else
 #include <mbedtls/md.h>
 #include <mbedtls/rsa.h>
 #include <mbedtls/sha256.h>
+#endif
 
 namespace esphome::ota {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "ota.idf";
+static const char *const TAG = "ota";
 
 // Route the "Signature check: " prefix (and its per-block form) through one
 // shared format string each, so the prefix is pooled once by the linker instead
@@ -70,7 +81,14 @@ bool block_is_valid(const uint8_t *block) {
 }
 
 bool key_digest_of(const uint8_t *block, KeyDigest &out) {
+#ifdef USE_OTA_SIG_PSA
+  size_t out_len = 0;
+  return psa_hash_compute(PSA_ALG_SHA_256, block + OFFSET_KEY, KEY_REGION_LEN, out.data(), out.size(), &out_len) ==
+             PSA_SUCCESS &&
+         out_len == out.size();
+#else
   return mbedtls_sha256(block + OFFSET_KEY, KEY_REGION_LEN, out.data(), /*is224=*/0) == 0;
+#endif
 }
 
 // The offset of the signature sector: the app length rounded up to 4 KiB.
@@ -93,20 +111,40 @@ bool signature_sector_offset(const esp_partition_t *part, size_t &out_offset) {
 // Returns false on a read or hash error so a hash failure is not later
 // misreported as a signature mismatch.
 bool image_digest(const esp_partition_t *part, size_t image_padded_len, uint8_t *out) {
+#ifdef USE_OTA_SIG_PSA
+  psa_hash_operation_t ctx = PSA_HASH_OPERATION_INIT;
+  bool ok = psa_hash_setup(&ctx, PSA_ALG_SHA_256) == PSA_SUCCESS;
+#else
   mbedtls_sha256_context ctx;
   mbedtls_sha256_init(&ctx);
   bool ok = mbedtls_sha256_starts(&ctx, /*is224=*/0) == 0;
+#endif
   uint8_t buf[512];
   for (size_t off = 0; ok && off < image_padded_len; off += sizeof(buf)) {
     size_t chunk = std::min(sizeof(buf), image_padded_len - off);
-    if (esp_partition_read(part, off, buf, chunk) != ESP_OK || mbedtls_sha256_update(&ctx, buf, chunk) != 0) {
+    if (esp_partition_read(part, off, buf, chunk) != ESP_OK) {
       ok = false;
+      break;
     }
+#ifdef USE_OTA_SIG_PSA
+    ok = psa_hash_update(&ctx, buf, chunk) == PSA_SUCCESS;
+#else
+    ok = mbedtls_sha256_update(&ctx, buf, chunk) == 0;
+#endif
   }
+#ifdef USE_OTA_SIG_PSA
+  size_t out_len = 0;
+  if (ok) {
+    ok = psa_hash_finish(&ctx, out, SHA256_BYTES, &out_len) == PSA_SUCCESS && out_len == SHA256_BYTES;
+  }
+  // A no-op once the operation has been finished
+  psa_hash_abort(&ctx);
+#else
   if (ok) {
     ok = mbedtls_sha256_finish(&ctx, out) == 0;
   }
   mbedtls_sha256_free(&ctx);
+#endif
   return ok;
 }
 
@@ -114,6 +152,7 @@ bool image_digest(const esp_partition_t *part, size_t image_padded_len, uint8_t
 // block's modulus and signature are stored little-endian; reverse them in place
 // -- block is the caller's scratch buffer, overwritten on the next iteration --
 // rather than stacking a second 384-byte copy of each bignum.
+
 bool rsa_pss_verify(uint8_t *block, const uint8_t *digest) {
   std::reverse(block + OFFSET_MODULUS, block + OFFSET_MODULUS + RSA_3072_BYTES);
   std::reverse(block + OFFSET_SIGNATURE, block + OFFSET_SIGNATURE + RSA_3072_BYTES);
@@ -122,22 +161,48 @@ bool rsa_pss_verify(uint8_t *block, const uint8_t *digest) {
   uint8_t exponent_be[4] = {static_cast<uint8_t>(exponent_le >> 24), static_cast<uint8_t>(exponent_le >> 16),
                             static_cast<uint8_t>(exponent_le >> 8), static_cast<uint8_t>(exponent_le)};
 
+#ifdef USE_OTA_SIG_PSA
+  static_assert(RSA_3072_BYTES == RSA_3072_MODULUS_BYTES, "signature block and DER encoder disagree on modulus size");
+  uint8_t der[RSA_DER_PUBKEY_MAX];
+  const size_t der_len = rsa_der_public_key(block + OFFSET_MODULUS, exponent_be, sizeof(exponent_be), der, sizeof(der));
+  psa_key_attributes_t attr = PSA_KEY_ATTRIBUTES_INIT;
+  psa_set_key_type(&attr, PSA_KEY_TYPE_RSA_PUBLIC_KEY);
+  psa_set_key_usage_flags(&attr, PSA_KEY_USAGE_VERIFY_HASH);
+  // ANY_SALT preserves the salt-length acceptance of mbedtls_rsa_rsassa_pss_verify(),
+  // which this replaces; espsecure signs with a 32-byte salt. TF-PSA-Crypto defines
+  // PSA_WANT_ALG_RSA_PSS_ANY_SALT from PSA_WANT_ALG_RSA_PSS, which IDF enables.
+  psa_set_key_algorithm(&attr, PSA_ALG_RSA_PSS_ANY_SALT(PSA_ALG_SHA_256));
+  mbedtls_svc_key_id_t key = MBEDTLS_SVC_KEY_ID_INIT;
+  const bool key_ok = der_len != 0 && psa_import_key(&attr, der, der_len, &key) == PSA_SUCCESS;
+#else
   mbedtls_rsa_context rsa;
   mbedtls_rsa_init(&rsa);
-  bool key_ok = mbedtls_rsa_import_raw(&rsa, block + OFFSET_MODULUS, RSA_3072_BYTES, nullptr, 0, nullptr, 0, nullptr, 0,
-                                       exponent_be, sizeof(exponent_be)) == 0 &&
-                mbedtls_rsa_complete(&rsa) == 0 &&
-                mbedtls_rsa_set_padding(&rsa, MBEDTLS_RSA_PKCS_V21, MBEDTLS_MD_SHA256) == 0;
+  const bool key_ok = mbedtls_rsa_import_raw(&rsa, block + OFFSET_MODULUS, RSA_3072_BYTES, nullptr, 0, nullptr, 0,
+                                             nullptr, 0, exponent_be, sizeof(exponent_be)) == 0 &&
+                      mbedtls_rsa_complete(&rsa) == 0 &&
+                      mbedtls_rsa_set_padding(&rsa, MBEDTLS_RSA_PKCS_V21, MBEDTLS_MD_SHA256) == 0;
+#endif
   bool verified = false;
   if (!key_ok) {
     // A setup/allocation failure (e.g. OOM right after the download) is not a
     // signature mismatch -- log it distinctly so it isn't read as "wrong key".
     OTA_IDF_SIG_LOG(ESP_LOGE, "RSA key setup failed");
   } else {
+#ifdef USE_OTA_SIG_PSA
+    verified = psa_verify_hash(key, PSA_ALG_RSA_PSS_ANY_SALT(PSA_ALG_SHA_256), digest, SHA256_BYTES,
+                               block + OFFSET_SIGNATURE, RSA_3072_BYTES) == PSA_SUCCESS;
+#else
     verified =
         mbedtls_rsa_rsassa_pss_verify(&rsa, MBEDTLS_MD_SHA256, SHA256_BYTES, digest, block + OFFSET_SIGNATURE) == 0;
+#endif
   }
+#ifdef USE_OTA_SIG_PSA
+  if (key_ok) {
+    psa_destroy_key(key);
+  }
+#else
   mbedtls_rsa_free(&rsa);
+#endif
   return verified;
 }
 
@@ -146,7 +211,7 @@ bool rsa_pss_verify(uint8_t *block, const uint8_t *digest) {
 bool IDFOTABackend::verify_signed_image_(const esp_partition_t *incoming) {
   // Verification re-hashes the full image (after esp_ota_end already did one
   // pass), which can approach the task WDT budget on a large app. Extend it for
-  // the duration, mirroring the erase budget in begin().
+  // the duration, scaled to the image size over a 15 s floor.
   const uint32_t verify_budget_ms = 15000 + (incoming->size >> 10) * 10;
   watchdog::WatchdogManager watchdog(verify_budget_ms);
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/output/automation.cpp b/esphome/components/output/automation.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 610da897d9..0000000000
--- a/esphome/components/output/automation.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-#include "automation.h"
-#include "esphome/core/log.h"
-
-namespace esphome::output {
-
-static const char *const TAG = "output.automation";
-
-}  // namespace esphome::output
diff --git a/esphome/components/packages/__init__.py b/esphome/components/packages/__init__.py
index 4d1814ac7a..171c6753ae 100644
--- a/esphome/components/packages/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/packages/__init__.py
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ def valid_package_contents(package_config: dict) -> dict:
     return package_config
 
 
-def expand_file_to_files(config: dict):
+def expand_file_to_files(config: dict) -> dict:
     if CONF_FILE in config:
         new_config = config
         new_config[CONF_FILES] = [config[CONF_FILE]]
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ def expand_file_to_files(config: dict):
     return config
 
 
-def validate_yaml_filename(value):
+def validate_yaml_filename(value: Any) -> str:
     value = cv.string(value)
 
     if not value.endswith((".yaml", ".yml")):
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ def validate_yaml_filename(value):
     return value
 
 
-def validate_source_shorthand(value):
+def validate_source_shorthand(value: Any) -> dict:
     if not isinstance(value, str):
         raise cv.Invalid("Git URL shorthand only for strings")
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/packet_transport/__init__.py b/esphome/components/packet_transport/__init__.py
index 7beb13ca31..c36d421a35 100644
--- a/esphome/components/packet_transport/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/packet_transport/__init__.py
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 """ESPHome packet transport component."""
 
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterator
 import hashlib
 import logging
+from typing import Any
 
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components.binary_sensor import BinarySensor
@@ -17,8 +19,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_PLATFORM,
     CONF_SENSORS,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE
-from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, MockObjClass
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@clydebarrow"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["xxtea"]
@@ -43,7 +46,7 @@ CONF_TRANSPORT_ID = "transport_id"
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-def sensor_validation(cls: MockObjClass):
+def sensor_validation(cls: MockObjClass) -> Callable[[Any], Any]:
     return cv.maybe_simple_value(
         cv.Schema(
             {
@@ -55,7 +58,7 @@ def sensor_validation(cls: MockObjClass):
     )
 
 
-def provider_name_validate(value):
+def provider_name_validate(value: Any) -> str:
     value = cv.valid_name(value)
     if "_" in value:
         _LOGGER.warning(
@@ -83,7 +86,7 @@ PROVIDER_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(ENCRYPTION_SCHEMA)
 
 
-def validate_(config):
+def validate_(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_ENCRYPTION in config:
         if CONF_SENSORS not in config and CONF_BINARY_SENSORS not in config:
             raise cv.Invalid("No sensors or binary sensors to encrypt")
@@ -117,11 +120,11 @@ TRANSPORT_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-def transport_schema(cls):
+def transport_schema(cls: MockObjClass) -> cv.Schema:
     return TRANSPORT_SCHEMA.extend({cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(cls)})
 
 
-def get_sensors(transport_id):
+def get_sensors(transport_id: ID) -> Iterator[ConfigType]:
     """Return the list of sensors for this platform."""
     return (
         sensor
@@ -130,7 +133,7 @@ def get_sensors(transport_id):
     )
 
 
-def validate_packet_transport_sensor(config):
+def validate_packet_transport_sensor(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_NAME in config and CONF_INTERNAL not in config:
         raise cv.Invalid("Must provide internal: config when using name:")
     conf_sensors = CORE.data.setdefault(DOMAIN, {}).setdefault(CONF_SENSORS, [])
@@ -138,7 +141,7 @@ def validate_packet_transport_sensor(config):
     return config
 
 
-def packet_transport_sensor_schema(base_schema):
+def packet_transport_sensor_schema(base_schema: cv.Schema) -> cv.Schema:
     return cv.All(
         base_schema.extend(
             {
@@ -152,11 +155,11 @@ def packet_transport_sensor_schema(base_schema):
     )
 
 
-def hash_encryption_key(config: dict):
+def hash_encryption_key(config: dict) -> list[int]:
     return list(hashlib.sha256(config[CONF_KEY].encode()).digest())
 
 
-async def register_packet_transport(var, config):
+async def register_packet_transport(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> set[str]:
     var = await cg.register_component(var, config)
     cg.add(var.set_rolling_code_enable(config[CONF_ROLLING_CODE_ENABLE]))
     cg.add(var.set_ping_pong_enable(config[CONF_PING_PONG_ENABLE]))
@@ -203,7 +206,7 @@ async def register_packet_transport(var, config):
     return providers
 
 
-async def new_packet_transport(config):
+async def new_packet_transport(config: ConfigType) -> tuple[MockObj, set[str]]:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_platform_name(config[CONF_PLATFORM]))
     providers = await register_packet_transport(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/packet_transport/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/packet_transport/binary_sensor.py
index 09bbf91c99..37c4688242 100644
--- a/esphome/components/packet_transport/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/packet_transport/binary_sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
 )
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import (
     CONF_ENCRYPTION,
@@ -44,10 +45,10 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.typed_schema(
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate(config):
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if config[CONF_TYPE] != CONF_STATUS:
         # Only run this validation if a status sensor is being configured
-        return config
+        return
     full_config = fv.full_config.get()
     transport_path = full_config.get_path_for_id(config[CONF_TRANSPORT_ID])[:-1]
     transport_config = full_config.get_config_for_path(transport_path)
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ def _final_validate(config):
         for p in transport_config[CONF_PROVIDERS]
         if p[CONF_NAME] == config[CONF_PROVIDER]
     ):
-        return config
+        return
     raise cv.Invalid(
         "Status sensor requires ping-pong to be enabled and the nominated provider to use encryption."
     )
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ def _final_validate(config):
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     comp = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_TRANSPORT_ID])
     if config[CONF_TYPE] == CONF_STATUS:
diff --git a/esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.cpp b/esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.cpp
index a21f0e2f63..998e1be5fc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.cpp
@@ -551,12 +551,14 @@ void PacketTransport::dump_config() {
                 "  Ping-pong: %s",
                 this->platform_name_, YESNO(this->is_encrypted_()), YESNO(this->ping_pong_enable_));
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
-  for (const auto &sensor : this->sensors_)
+  for (const auto &sensor : this->sensors_) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Sensor: %s", sensor.id);
+  }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
-  for (const auto &sensor : this->binary_sensors_)
+  for (const auto &sensor : this->binary_sensors_) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Binary Sensor: %s", sensor.id);
+  }
 #endif
   for (const auto &host : this->providers_) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Remote host: %s", host.first.c_str());
@@ -564,15 +566,17 @@ void PacketTransport::dump_config() {
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
     auto rs = this->remote_sensors_.find(host.first.c_str());
     if (rs != this->remote_sensors_.end()) {
-      for (const auto &key : rs->second | std::views::keys)
+      for (const auto &key : rs->second | std::views::keys) {
         ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "    Sensor: %s", key.c_str());
+      }
     }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
     auto rbs = this->remote_binary_sensors_.find(host.first.c_str());
     if (rbs != this->remote_binary_sensors_.end()) {
-      for (const auto &key : rbs->second | std::views::keys)
+      for (const auto &key : rbs->second | std::views::keys) {
         ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "    Binary Sensor: %s", key.c_str());
+      }
     }
 #endif
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/packet_transport/sensor.py b/esphome/components/packet_transport/sensor.py
index 15c0e33b30..018f1c3a9b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/packet_transport/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/packet_transport/sensor.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components.sensor import new_sensor, sensor_schema
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import (
     CONF_PROVIDER,
@@ -12,7 +13,7 @@ from . import (
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = packet_transport_sensor_schema(sensor_schema())
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await new_sensor(config)
     comp = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_TRANSPORT_ID])
     remote_id = str(config.get(CONF_REMOTE_ID) or config.get(CONF_ID))
diff --git a/esphome/components/partition/light.py b/esphome/components/partition/light.py
index 58de1183ff..b2341f95b7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/partition/light.py
+++ b/esphome/components/partition/light.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TO,
 )
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 partitions_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("partition")
 AddressableSegment = partitions_ns.class_("AddressableSegment")
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ PartitionLightOutput = partitions_ns.class_(
 )
 
 
-def validate_from_to(value):
+def validate_from_to(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_ID in value and value[CONF_FROM] > value[CONF_TO]:
         raise cv.Invalid(
             f"From ({value[CONF_FROM]}) must not be larger than to ({value[CONF_TO]})"
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ def validate_from_to(value):
     return value
 
 
-def validate_segment(config):
+def validate_segment(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     fconf = fv.full_config.get()
 
     if CONF_ID in config:  # only validate addressable segments
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     segments = []
     for conf in config[CONF_SEGMENTS]:
         if CONF_SINGLE_LIGHT_ID in conf:
diff --git a/esphome/components/pca6416a/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pca6416a/__init__.py
index 813bb35c48..47b9118d9a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pca6416a/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pca6416a/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import i2c
+from esphome.components import gpio_expander, i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ID,
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_OUTPUT,
     CONF_PULLUP,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@Mat931"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -29,7 +31,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(PCA6416AComponent),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_schema,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN): gpio_expander.validate_interrupt_pin,
         }
     )
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
@@ -37,7 +39,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
@@ -45,7 +47,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add(var.set_interrupt_pin(await cg.gpio_pin_expression(interrupt_pin)))
 
 
-def validate_mode(value):
+def validate_mode(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if not (value[CONF_INPUT] or value[CONF_OUTPUT]):
         raise cv.Invalid("Mode must be either input or output")
     if value[CONF_INPUT] and value[CONF_OUTPUT]:
@@ -74,7 +76,7 @@ PCA6416A_PIN_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(CONF_PCA6416A, PCA6416A_PIN_SCHEMA)
-async def pca6416a_pin_to_code(config):
+async def pca6416a_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_PCA6416A])
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/pca9554/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pca9554/__init__.py
index 99b812b33b..5272df2b55 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pca9554/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pca9554/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import i2c
+from esphome.components import gpio_expander, i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ID,
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_NUMBER,
     CONF_OUTPUT,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@hwstar", "@clydebarrow", "@bdraco"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["gpio_expander"]
@@ -30,7 +32,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
         {
             cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(PCA9554Component),
             cv.Optional(CONF_PIN_COUNT, default=8): cv.one_of(4, 8, 16),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_schema,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN): gpio_expander.validate_interrupt_pin,
         }
     )
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
@@ -40,7 +42,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_pin_count(config[CONF_PIN_COUNT]))
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add(var.set_interrupt_pin(await cg.gpio_pin_expression(interrupt_pin)))
 
 
-def validate_mode(value):
+def validate_mode(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if not (value[CONF_INPUT] or value[CONF_OUTPUT]):
         raise cv.Invalid("Mode must be either input or output")
     if value[CONF_INPUT] and value[CONF_OUTPUT]:
@@ -69,7 +71,9 @@ PCA9554_PIN_SCHEMA = pins.gpio_base_schema(
 )
 
 
-def pca9554_pin_final_validate(pin_config, parent_config):
+def pca9554_pin_final_validate(
+    pin_config: ConfigType, parent_config: ConfigType
+) -> None:
     count = parent_config[CONF_PIN_COUNT]
     if pin_config[CONF_NUMBER] >= count:
         raise cv.Invalid(f"Pin number must be in range 0-{count - 1}")
@@ -78,7 +82,7 @@ def pca9554_pin_final_validate(pin_config, parent_config):
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(
     CONF_PCA9554, PCA9554_PIN_SCHEMA, pca9554_pin_final_validate
 )
-async def pca9554_pin_to_code(config):
+async def pca9554_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_PCA9554])
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/pca9685/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pca9685/__init__.py
index 0e238ff7da..817cfd1c30 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pca9685/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pca9685/__init__.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_PHASE_BALANCER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 MULTI_CONF = True
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ PHASE_BALANCERS = {
 }
 
 
-def validate_frequency(config):
+def validate_frequency(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if config[CONF_EXTERNAL_CLOCK_INPUT]:
         if CONF_FREQUENCY in config:
             raise cv.Invalid(
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     if CONF_FREQUENCY in config:
         cg.add(var.set_frequency(config[CONF_FREQUENCY]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/pca9685/output.py b/esphome/components/pca9685/output.py
index 302c2f78c0..3bb8882ed3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pca9685/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pca9685/output.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import PCA9685Output, pca9685_ns
 
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_PCA9685_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_channel(config[CONF_CHANNEL]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/pcd8544/display.py b/esphome/components/pcd8544/display.py
index 2f6dcc56ed..42cef67488 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pcd8544/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pcd8544/display.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_PAGES,
     CONF_RESET_PIN,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
 
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = spi.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
 
     await display.register_display(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pcf85063/time.py b/esphome/components/pcf85063/time.py
index 8e19178cc9..771461905e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pcf85063/time.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pcf85063/time.py
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, time
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@brogon"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -31,7 +34,12 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = time.TIME_SCHEMA.extend(
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def pcf85063_write_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def pcf85063_write_time_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
@@ -47,13 +55,18 @@ async def pcf85063_write_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def pcf85063_read_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def pcf85063_read_time_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
 
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pcf8563/time.py b/esphome/components/pcf8563/time.py
index 1502158c29..8a0b871be9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pcf8563/time.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pcf8563/time.py
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, time
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@KoenBreeman"]
 
@@ -34,7 +37,12 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = time.TIME_SCHEMA.extend(
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def pcf8563_write_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def pcf8563_write_time_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
@@ -50,13 +58,18 @@ async def pcf8563_write_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def pcf8563_read_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def pcf8563_read_time_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
 
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pcf8574/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pcf8574/__init__.py
index d8a1e20db6..9f8c7fabd2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pcf8574/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pcf8574/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import i2c
+from esphome.components import gpio_expander, i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ID,
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_NUMBER,
     CONF_OUTPUT,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["gpio_expander"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -28,7 +30,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
         {
             cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(PCF8574Component),
             cv.Optional(CONF_PCF8575, default=False): cv.boolean,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_schema,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN): gpio_expander.validate_interrupt_pin,
         }
     )
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
@@ -36,7 +38,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
@@ -45,7 +47,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add(var.set_interrupt_pin(await cg.gpio_pin_expression(interrupt_pin)))
 
 
-def validate_mode(value):
+def validate_mode(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if not (value[CONF_INPUT] or value[CONF_OUTPUT]):
         raise cv.Invalid("Mode must be either input or output")
     if value[CONF_INPUT] and value[CONF_OUTPUT]:
@@ -67,7 +69,7 @@ PCF8574_PIN_SCHEMA = pins.gpio_base_schema(
 
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(CONF_PCF8574, PCF8574_PIN_SCHEMA)
-async def pcf8574_pin_to_code(config):
+async def pcf8574_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_PCF8574])
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/pcm5122/audio_dac.py b/esphome/components/pcm5122/audio_dac.py
index c18fb3993e..5091efabea 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pcm5122/audio_dac.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pcm5122/audio_dac.py
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_NUMBER,
     CONF_OUTPUT,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@remcom"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -50,7 +52,7 @@ PCM5122_CHANNEL_MIX_ENUM = {
 _validate_bits = cv.float_with_unit("bits", "bit")
 
 
-def _validate_volume_range(config):
+def _validate_volume_range(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if config[CONF_VOLUME_MIN_DB] >= config[CONF_VOLUME_MAX_DB]:
         raise cv.Invalid(f"{CONF_VOLUME_MIN_DB} must be less than {CONF_VOLUME_MAX_DB}")
     return config
@@ -90,7 +92,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def _validate_pin_mode(value):
+def _validate_pin_mode(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if not (value[CONF_INPUT] or value[CONF_OUTPUT]):
         raise cv.Invalid("Mode must be either input or output")
     if value[CONF_INPUT] and value[CONF_OUTPUT]:
@@ -98,7 +100,7 @@ def _validate_pin_mode(value):
     return value
 
 
-def _validate_pin(value):
+def _validate_pin(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if value[CONF_MODE][CONF_INPUT] and value[CONF_NUMBER] == 6:
         raise cv.Invalid("GPIO6 cannot be used as input on the PCM5122")
     return value
@@ -120,7 +122,7 @@ PIN_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(CONF_PCM5122, PIN_SCHEMA)
-async def pcm5122_pin_to_code(config):
+async def pcm5122_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_PCM5122])
 
@@ -130,7 +132,7 @@ async def pcm5122_pin_to_code(config):
     return var
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pcm5122/pcm5122.cpp b/esphome/components/pcm5122/pcm5122.cpp
index d178cb83b8..4f6417f6c0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pcm5122/pcm5122.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pcm5122/pcm5122.cpp
@@ -119,7 +119,8 @@ void PCM5122::dump_config() {
                 "  Channel mix: %s\n"
                 "  Volume range: %.1f dB to %.1f dB\n"
                 "  Muted: %s",
-                this->bits_per_sample_, this->analog_gain_ == PCM5122_ANALOG_GAIN_0DB ? "0 dB" : "-6 dB",
+                this->bits_per_sample_,
+                this->analog_gain_ == PCM5122_ANALOG_GAIN_0DB ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("0 dB") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("-6 dB"),
                 channel_mix_str, this->volume_min_db_, this->volume_max_db_, YESNO(this->is_muted_));
   LOG_PIN("  Enable Pin: ", this->enable_pin_);
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/pcm5122/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pcm5122/switch/__init__.py
index 10519da895..829adeccb7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pcm5122/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pcm5122/switch/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import switch
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_POWER_MODE, ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from ..audio_dac import CONF_PCM5122, PCM5122, pcm5122_ns
 
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = switch.switch_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await switch.new_switch(config)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_PCM5122])
     cg.add(var.set_power_mode(config[CONF_POWER_MODE]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/pi4ioe5v6408/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pi4ioe5v6408/__init__.py
index d5b19dab1c..11a5dd62bb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pi4ioe5v6408/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pi4ioe5v6408/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import i2c
+from esphome.components import gpio_expander, i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ID,
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_PULLUP,
     CONF_RESET,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["gpio_expander"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
@@ -34,7 +36,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
         {
             cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(PI4IOE5V6408Component),
             cv.Optional(CONF_RESET, default=True): cv.boolean,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_schema,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN): gpio_expander.validate_interrupt_pin,
         }
     )
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
@@ -42,7 +44,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
@@ -52,7 +54,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add(var.set_interrupt_pin(await cg.gpio_pin_expression(interrupt_pin)))
 
 
-def validate_mode(value):
+def validate_mode(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if not (value[CONF_INPUT] or value[CONF_OUTPUT]):
         raise cv.Invalid("Mode must be either input or output")
     if value[CONF_INPUT] and value[CONF_OUTPUT]:
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ PI4IOE5V6408_PIN_SCHEMA = pins.gpio_base_schema(
 
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(CONF_PI4IOE5V6408, PI4IOE5V6408_PIN_SCHEMA)
-async def pi4ioe5v6408_pin_schema(config):
+async def pi4ioe5v6408_pin_schema(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_PI4IOE5V6408])
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/pid/climate.py b/esphome/components/pid/climate.py
index 3e4ff754c9..4945547f2e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pid/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pid/climate.py
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate, output, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_HUMIDITY_SENSOR, CONF_ID, CONF_SENSOR
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 pid_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("pid")
 PIDClimate = pid_ns.class_("PIDClimate", climate.Climate, cg.Component)
@@ -82,7 +85,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await climate.new_climate(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
@@ -141,7 +144,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def pid_reset_integral_term(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def pid_reset_integral_term(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
@@ -163,7 +171,12 @@ async def pid_reset_integral_term(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def esp8266_set_frequency_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def esp8266_set_frequency_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
     cg.add(var.set_noiseband(config[CONF_NOISEBAND]))
@@ -185,7 +198,12 @@ async def esp8266_set_frequency_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def set_control_parameters(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def set_control_parameters(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/pid/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pid/sensor/__init__.py
index d26e88e38a..94d641de47 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pid/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pid/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import sensor
 from esphome.components.const import CONF_CLIMATE_ID
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_TYPE, ICON_GAUGE, STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT, UNIT_PERCENT
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from ..climate import PIDClimate, pid_ns
 
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_CLIMATE_ID])
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pipsolar/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pipsolar/__init__.py
index e3966aa2cc..b404409145 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pipsolar/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pipsolar/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@andreashergert1984"]
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pipsolar/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pipsolar/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index 5bcf1f75ee..62c0ed8538 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pipsolar/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pipsolar/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_PIPSOLAR_ID, PIPSOLAR_COMPONENT_SCHEMA
 
@@ -132,7 +133,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = PIPSOLAR_COMPONENT_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_PIPSOLAR_ID])
     for type in TYPES:
         if type in config:
diff --git a/esphome/components/pipsolar/output/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pipsolar/output/__init__.py
index d1ea981589..62e6d0f113 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pipsolar/output/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pipsolar/output/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_VALUE
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_PIPSOLAR_ID, PIPSOLAR_COMPONENT_SCHEMA, pipsolar_ns
 
@@ -75,7 +78,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = PIPSOLAR_COMPONENT_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_PIPSOLAR_ID])
 
     for type, (_, command) in TYPES.items():
@@ -100,7 +103,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def output_pipsolar_set_level_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def output_pipsolar_set_level_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_VALUE], args, cg.float_)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pipsolar/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pipsolar/sensor/__init__.py
index 88c6566d63..5a697157b7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pipsolar/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pipsolar/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_VOLT_AMPS,
     UNIT_WATT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_PIPSOLAR_ID, PIPSOLAR_COMPONENT_SCHEMA
 
@@ -325,7 +326,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = PIPSOLAR_COMPONENT_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_PIPSOLAR_ID])
 
     for type in TYPES:
diff --git a/esphome/components/pipsolar/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pipsolar/switch/__init__.py
index 11dbc91110..2b493eac95 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pipsolar/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pipsolar/switch/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import switch
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import ICON_POWER
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_PIPSOLAR_ID, PIPSOLAR_COMPONENT_SCHEMA, pipsolar_ns
 
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = PIPSOLAR_COMPONENT_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_PIPSOLAR_ID])
 
     for type, (on, off) in TYPES.items():
diff --git a/esphome/components/pipsolar/text_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pipsolar/text_sensor/__init__.py
index 90ce3a7e55..cc7477395b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pipsolar/text_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pipsolar/text_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_PIPSOLAR_ID, PIPSOLAR_COMPONENT_SCHEMA
 
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = PIPSOLAR_COMPONENT_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_PIPSOLAR_ID])
 
     for type in TYPES:
diff --git a/esphome/components/pm1006/sensor.py b/esphome/components/pm1006/sensor.py
index 8ff21ab069..8274726ac4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pm1006/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pm1006/sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_MICROGRAMS_PER_CUBIC_METER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@habbie"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def validate_interval_uart(config):
+def validate_interval_uart(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     interval = config.get(CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL)
     uart.final_validate_device_schema(
         "pm1006",
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ def validate_interval_uart(config):
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = validate_interval_uart
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pm2005/sensor.py b/esphome/components/pm2005/sensor.py
index 3a650560a0..f16c100e5e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pm2005/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pm2005/sensor.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_MICROGRAMS_PER_CUBIC_METER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@andrewjswan"]
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config) -> None:
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     """Code generation entry point."""
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pmsa003i/sensor.py b/esphome/components/pmsa003i/sensor.py
index 2a5b9eeac0..14f27f89cc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pmsa003i/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pmsa003i/sensor.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_MICROGRAMS_PER_CUBIC_METER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@sjtrny"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -114,7 +115,7 @@ TYPES = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pmsx003/sensor.py b/esphome/components/pmsx003/sensor.py
index 0a11120bf0..fe784c5ffe 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pmsx003/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pmsx003/sensor.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import sensor, uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
@@ -32,6 +34,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_MICROGRAMS_PER_CUBIC_METER,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.core import TimePeriodMilliseconds
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@ximex"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
@@ -167,14 +171,14 @@ SENSORS_TO_TYPE = {
 }
 
 
-def validate_pmsx003_sensors(value):
+def validate_pmsx003_sensors(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     for key, types in SENSORS_TO_TYPE.items():
         if key in value and value[CONF_TYPE] not in types:
             raise cv.Invalid(f"{value[CONF_TYPE]} does not have {key} sensor!")
     return value
 
 
-def validate_update_interval(value):
+def validate_update_interval(value: Any) -> TimePeriodMilliseconds:
     value = cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds(value)
     if value == cv.time_period("0s"):
         return value
@@ -295,7 +299,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def final_validate(config):
+def final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     require_tx = config[CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL] > cv.time_period("0s")
     schema = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
         "pmsx003", baud_rate=9600, require_rx=True, require_tx=require_tx
@@ -306,7 +310,7 @@ def final_validate(config):
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pmwcs3/sensor.py b/esphome/components/pmwcs3/sensor.py
index c0bc54c5ba..ae22b3e0d6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pmwcs3/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pmwcs3/sensor.py
@@ -10,6 +10,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ICON_THERMOMETER,
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@SeByDocKy"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -72,7 +75,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
@@ -114,7 +117,12 @@ PMWCS3_CALIBRATION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     PMWCS3_CALIBRATION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def pmwcs3_calibration_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def pmwcs3_calibration_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, parent)
 
@@ -134,7 +142,12 @@ PMWCS3_NEW_I2C_ADDRESS_SCHEMA = cv.maybe_simple_value(
     PMWCS3_NEW_I2C_ADDRESS_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def pmwcs3newi2caddress_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def pmwcs3newi2caddress_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, parent)
     address = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_ADDRESS], args, cg.int_)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pn532/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pn532/__init__.py
index f34df21647..6258932312 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn532/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pn532/__init__.py
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ON_TAG_REMOVED,
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@OttoWinter", "@jesserockz"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["binary_sensor", "nfc"]
@@ -41,7 +44,7 @@ PN532_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("1s"))
 
 
-def CONFIG_SCHEMA(conf):
+def CONFIG_SCHEMA(conf: ConfigType) -> None:
     if conf:
         raise cv.Invalid(
             "This component has been moved in 1.16, please see the docs for updated "
@@ -56,7 +59,7 @@ _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
 )
 
 
-async def setup_pn532(var, config):
+async def setup_pn532(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
     for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_TAG, []):
@@ -85,7 +88,12 @@ async def setup_pn532(var, config):
         }
     ),
 )
-async def pn532_is_writing_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
+async def pn532_is_writing_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    condition_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/pn532/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/pn532/binary_sensor.py
index b9c3103c65..8f490ba7d0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn532/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pn532/binary_sensor.py
@@ -1,15 +1,18 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_UID
 from esphome.core import HexInt
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_PN532_ID, PN532, pn532_ns
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["pn532"]
 
 
-def validate_uid(value):
+def validate_uid(value: Any) -> str:
     value = cv.string_strict(value)
     for x in value.split("-"):
         if len(x) != 2:
@@ -39,7 +42,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(PN532BinarySensor).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
 
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_PN532_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/pn532_i2c/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pn532_i2c/__init__.py
index 7304f1b8ad..16b877b1f1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn532_i2c/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pn532_i2c/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, pn532
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["pn532"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@OttoWinter", "@jesserockz"]
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await pn532.setup_pn532(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pn532_spi/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pn532_spi/__init__.py
index 67ebc88872..734f794180 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn532_spi/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pn532_spi/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import pn532, spi
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["pn532"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@OttoWinter", "@jesserockz"]
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await pn532.setup_pn532(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pn7150/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pn7150/__init__.py
index 9dd3e8c5b0..4638992abf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn7150/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pn7150/__init__.py
@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ON_TAG_REMOVED,
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["binary_sensor", "nfc"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81", "@jesserockz"]
@@ -107,7 +110,12 @@ PN7150_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     SET_MESSAGE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def pn7150_set_message_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def pn7150_set_message_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_MESSAGE], args, cg.std_string)
@@ -158,7 +166,12 @@ async def pn7150_set_message_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     SIMPLE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def pn7150_simple_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def pn7150_simple_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
@@ -174,7 +187,7 @@ _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
 )
 
 
-async def setup_pn7150(var, config):
+async def setup_pn7150(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
     pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_IRQ_PIN])
@@ -216,7 +229,12 @@ async def setup_pn7150(var, config):
         }
     ),
 )
-async def pn7150_is_writing_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
+async def pn7150_is_writing_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    condition_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/pn7150/pn7150.cpp b/esphome/components/pn7150/pn7150.cpp
index 2a2724f56b..4e679c664a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn7150/pn7150.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pn7150/pn7150.cpp
@@ -243,8 +243,8 @@ uint8_t PN7150::reset_core_(const bool reset_config, const bool power) {
   }
 
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Configuration %s, NCI version: %s",
-           rx.get_message()[nfc::NCI_PKT_PAYLOAD_OFFSET + 2] ? "reset" : "retained",
-           rx.get_message()[nfc::NCI_PKT_PAYLOAD_OFFSET + 1] == 0x20 ? "2.0" : "1.0");
+           rx.get_message()[nfc::NCI_PKT_PAYLOAD_OFFSET + 2] ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("reset") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("retained"),
+           rx.get_message()[nfc::NCI_PKT_PAYLOAD_OFFSET + 1] == 0x20 ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("2.0") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("1.0"));
 
   return nfc::STATUS_OK;
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/pn7150_i2c/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pn7150_i2c/__init__.py
index 00a19ba03c..d15c0b431e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn7150_i2c/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pn7150_i2c/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, pn7150
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["pn7150"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81", "@jesserockz"]
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await pn7150.setup_pn7150(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pn7160/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pn7160/__init__.py
index ef14a29099..7f9f9172a1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn7160/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pn7160/__init__.py
@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ON_TAG_REMOVED,
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["binary_sensor", "nfc"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81", "@jesserockz"]
@@ -111,7 +114,12 @@ PN7160_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     SET_MESSAGE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def pn7160_set_message_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def pn7160_set_message_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_MESSAGE], args, cg.std_string)
@@ -162,7 +170,12 @@ async def pn7160_set_message_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     SIMPLE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def pn7160_simple_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def pn7160_simple_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
@@ -178,7 +191,7 @@ _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
 )
 
 
-async def setup_pn7160(var, config):
+async def setup_pn7160(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
     if dwl_req_pin_config := config.get(CONF_DWL_REQ_PIN):
@@ -228,7 +241,12 @@ async def setup_pn7160(var, config):
         }
     ),
 )
-async def pn7160_is_writing_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
+async def pn7160_is_writing_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    condition_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/pn7160/pn7160.cpp b/esphome/components/pn7160/pn7160.cpp
index 7abd89b371..f2cbfa6bcf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn7160/pn7160.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pn7160/pn7160.cpp
@@ -265,8 +265,8 @@ uint8_t PN7160::reset_core_(const bool reset_config, const bool power) {
   }
 
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Configuration %s, NCI version: %s, Manufacturer ID: 0x%02X",
-           rx.get_message()[4] ? "reset" : "retained", rx.get_message()[5] == 0x20 ? "2.0" : "1.0",
-           rx.get_message()[6]);
+           rx.get_message()[4] ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("reset") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("retained"),
+           rx.get_message()[5] == 0x20 ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("2.0") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("1.0"), rx.get_message()[6]);
   rx.get_message().erase(rx.get_message().begin(), rx.get_message().begin() + 8);
   char mfr_buf[nfc::FORMAT_BYTES_BUFFER_SIZE];
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Manufacturer info: %s", nfc::format_bytes_to(mfr_buf, rx.get_message()));
diff --git a/esphome/components/pn7160_i2c/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pn7160_i2c/__init__.py
index f8f8ebef98..d711c3e48f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn7160_i2c/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pn7160_i2c/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, pn7160
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["pn7160"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81", "@jesserockz"]
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await pn7160.setup_pn7160(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pn7160_spi/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pn7160_spi/__init__.py
index 5498d0ac1b..7705dfa6f6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn7160_spi/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pn7160_spi/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import pn7160, spi
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["pn7160"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81", "@jesserockz"]
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await pn7160.setup_pn7160(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/power_supply/__init__.py b/esphome/components/power_supply/__init__.py
index 851c136493..b68118b352 100644
--- a/esphome/components/power_supply/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/power_supply/__init__.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_KEEP_ON_TIME,
     CONF_PIN,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
 power_supply_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("power_supply")
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/preferences/__init__.py b/esphome/components/preferences/__init__.py
index f3f2f632c9..abd050ec3b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/preferences/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/preferences/__init__.py
@@ -4,11 +4,12 @@ import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
 from esphome.core import coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.coroutine import CoroPriority
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
 
 preferences_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("preferences")
-IntervalSyncer = preferences_ns.class_("IntervalSyncer", cg.Component)
+IntervalSyncer = preferences_ns.class_("IntervalSyncer", cg.PollingComponent)
 
 CONF_FLASH_WRITE_INTERVAL = "flash_write_interval"
 CONF_RTC_STORAGE = "rtc_storage"
@@ -27,13 +28,10 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.PREFERENCES)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     write_interval = config[CONF_FLASH_WRITE_INTERVAL]
-    if write_interval.total_milliseconds == 0:
-        cg.add_define("USE_PREFERENCES_SYNC_EVERY_LOOP")
-    else:
-        cg.add(var.set_write_interval(write_interval))
+    cg.add(var.set_update_interval(write_interval))
     if config.get(CONF_RTC_STORAGE):
         preferences.request_rtc_storage()
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/preferences/syncer.h b/esphome/components/preferences/syncer.h
index cee02394b4..8a809672db 100644
--- a/esphome/components/preferences/syncer.h
+++ b/esphome/components/preferences/syncer.h
@@ -2,26 +2,19 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/preferences.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
+// Include for ESPDEPRECATED, Remove before 2027.3.0
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
 namespace esphome::preferences {
 
-class IntervalSyncer final : public Component {
+class IntervalSyncer final : public PollingComponent {
  public:
-#ifdef USE_PREFERENCES_SYNC_EVERY_LOOP
-  void loop() override { global_preferences->sync(); }
-#else
-  void set_write_interval(uint32_t write_interval) { this->write_interval_ = write_interval; }
-  void setup() override {
-    this->set_interval(this->write_interval_, []() { global_preferences->sync(); });
-  }
-#endif
+  // Remove before 2027.3.0
+  ESPDEPRECATED("Use set_update_interval() instead. Removed in 2027.3.0", "2026.9.0")
+  void set_write_interval(uint32_t write_interval) { this->set_update_interval(write_interval); }
+  void update() override { global_preferences->sync(); }
   void on_shutdown() override { global_preferences->sync(); }
   float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::BUS; }
-
-#ifndef USE_PREFERENCES_SYNC_EVERY_LOOP
- protected:
-  uint32_t write_interval_{60000};
-#endif
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::preferences
diff --git a/esphome/components/prometheus/__init__.py b/esphome/components/prometheus/__init__.py
index 0a69160fc1..3624fb2442 100644
--- a/esphome/components/prometheus/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/prometheus/__init__.py
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ from esphome.components import web_server_base
 from esphome.components.web_server_base import CONF_WEB_SERVER_BASE_ID
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INCLUDE_INTERNAL, CONF_NAME, CONF_RELABEL
-from esphome.core.entity_helpers import validate_no_object_id_conflicts
 from esphome.cpp_types import EntityBase
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["web_server_base"]
 
@@ -36,13 +36,8 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     },
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
-FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = validate_no_object_id_conflicts(
-    "prometheus builds metric labels from the entity object_id, "
-    "which is the name converted to ASCII"
-)
 
-
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_WEB_SERVER_BASE_ID])
 
     cg.add_define("USE_PROMETHEUS")
diff --git a/esphome/components/provisioning/__init__.py b/esphome/components/provisioning/__init__.py
index 36fa69357a..63faaf8eae 100644
--- a/esphome/components/provisioning/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/provisioning/__init__.py
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ class ProvisioningData:
     sources: set[str] = field(default_factory=set)
     # Names of source components that have their credentials set in the config.
     hardcoded_credentials: set[str] = field(default_factory=set)
+    # True when WiFi is configured with an access point but no station credentials.
+    ap_without_sta: bool = False
 
 
 def _get_data() -> ProvisioningData:
@@ -56,6 +58,17 @@ def report_hardcoded_credentials(name: str) -> None:
     _get_data().hardcoded_credentials.add(name)
 
 
+def report_ap_without_sta() -> None:
+    """Record that WiFi runs an access point with no station credentials.
+
+    The access point (and captive portal) shut down when the provisioning window
+    closes. On a device where that access point is the only network connection,
+    closing the window makes the device unreachable until it is power-cycled, so
+    `provisioning:` warns about this combination.
+    """
+    _get_data().ap_without_sta = True
+
+
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
         cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(ProvisioningManager),
@@ -67,7 +80,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     """Validate the provisioning setup once every component has been processed.
 
     Sources register during their own config validation, so by final validation
@@ -89,7 +102,13 @@ def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
             "hardcoding them makes the window pointless.",
             ", ".join(sorted(data.hardcoded_credentials)),
         )
-    return config
+    if data.ap_without_sta:
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "'provisioning' is configured with a WiFi access point and no station "
+            "credentials. The access point shuts down when the provisioning window "
+            "closes, so if it is the device's only network connection, the device "
+            "will be unreachable until it is power-cycled."
+        )
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
diff --git a/esphome/components/psram/__init__.py b/esphome/components/psram/__init__.py
index 84683e9a25..65c55efea5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/psram/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/psram/__init__.py
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ def validate_task_stack_in_psram(value: Any) -> bool:
     return value
 
 
-def validate_psram_mode(config):
+def validate_psram_mode(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     esp32_config = fv.full_config.get()[PLATFORM_ESP32]
     if config[CONF_SPEED] == "120MHZ":
         if esp32_config[CONF_CPU_FREQUENCY] != "240MHZ":
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def _store_psram_guaranteed(config):
+def _store_psram_guaranteed(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     """Store PSRAM guaranteed status in CORE.data for other components.
 
     PSRAM is "guaranteed" when it will fail if not found, ensuring safe use
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ def _store_psram_guaranteed(config):
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(validate_psram_mode, _store_psram_guaranteed)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if config[CONF_DISABLED]:
         return
     if CORE.using_arduino:
diff --git a/esphome/components/pulse_counter/sensor.py b/esphome/components/pulse_counter/sensor.py
index 3326745846..7c5a0590d7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pulse_counter/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pulse_counter/sensor.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import automation, pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import sensor
@@ -19,7 +21,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PULSES,
     UNIT_PULSES_PER_MINUTE,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_USE_PCNT = "use_pcnt"
 
@@ -42,7 +46,7 @@ SetTotalPulsesAction = pulse_counter_ns.class_(
 )
 
 
-def validate_internal_filter(value):
+def validate_internal_filter(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     use_pcnt = value.get(CONF_USE_PCNT)
     if CORE.is_esp8266 and use_pcnt:
         raise cv.Invalid(
@@ -63,7 +67,7 @@ def validate_internal_filter(value):
     return value
 
 
-def validate_pulse_counter_pin(value):
+def validate_pulse_counter_pin(value: Any) -> ConfigType:
     value = pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_schema(value)
     if CORE.is_esp8266 and value[CONF_NUMBER] >= 16:
         raise cv.Invalid(
@@ -72,7 +76,7 @@ def validate_pulse_counter_pin(value):
     return value
 
 
-def validate_count_mode(value):
+def validate_count_mode(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     rising_edge = value[CONF_RISING_EDGE]
     falling_edge = value[CONF_FALLING_EDGE]
     if rising_edge == "DISABLE" and falling_edge == "DISABLE":
@@ -126,7 +130,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     use_pcnt = config.get(CONF_USE_PCNT)
     if CORE.is_esp32 and use_pcnt:
         include_builtin_idf_component("esp_driver_pcnt")
@@ -157,7 +161,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def set_total_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def set_total_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_VALUE], args, cg.uint32)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pulse_meter/sensor.py b/esphome/components/pulse_meter/sensor.py
index ab3dd2a249..9bda891efc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pulse_meter/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pulse_meter/sensor.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import automation, pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import sensor
@@ -17,7 +19,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PULSES,
     UNIT_PULSES_PER_MINUTE,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID, TimePeriodMicroseconds
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@stevebaxter", "@cstaahl", "@TrentHouliston"]
 
@@ -37,18 +41,18 @@ FILTER_MODES = {
 SetTotalPulsesAction = pulse_meter_ns.class_("SetTotalPulsesAction", automation.Action)
 
 
-def validate_internal_filter(value):
+def validate_internal_filter(value: Any) -> TimePeriodMicroseconds:
     return cv.positive_time_period_microseconds(value)
 
 
-def validate_timeout(value):
+def validate_timeout(value: Any) -> TimePeriodMicroseconds:
     value = cv.positive_time_period_microseconds(value)
     if value.total_minutes > 70:
         raise cv.Invalid("Maximum timeout is 70 minutes")
     return value
 
 
-def validate_pulse_meter_pin(value):
+def validate_pulse_meter_pin(value: Any) -> ConfigType:
     value = pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_schema(value)
     if CORE.is_esp8266 and value[CONF_NUMBER] >= 16:
         raise cv.Invalid(
@@ -81,7 +85,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = sensor.sensor_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
@@ -107,7 +111,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def set_total_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def set_total_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_VALUE], args, cg.uint32)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pulse_width/sensor.py b/esphome/components/pulse_width/sensor.py
index 120dc33b7b..dd7554c4eb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pulse_width/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pulse_width/sensor.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_PIN, ICON_TIMER, STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT, UNIT_SECOND
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 pulse_width_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("pulse_width")
 
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/display/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/display/__init__.py
index 0cf27b9f1c..436f83630c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/display/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/display/__init__.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TIME_ID,
     CONF_VALIDITY_PERIOD,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["ble_client"]
 
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await display.register_display(var, config)
     await ble_client.register_ble_node(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/display/pvvx_display.cpp b/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/display/pvvx_display.cpp
index 7a6be40d6c..64b8974901 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/display/pvvx_display.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/display/pvvx_display.cpp
@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
-#include "pvvx_display.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_uuid.h"
-#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
+#include "pvvx_display.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 namespace esphome::pvvx_mithermometer {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "display.pvvx_mithermometer";
 
 void PVVXDisplay::dump_config() {
-  char service_buf[esp32_ble::UUID_STR_LEN];
-  char char_buf[esp32_ble::UUID_STR_LEN];
+  char service_buf[ble_device_base::UUID_STR_LEN];
+  char char_buf[ble_device_base::UUID_STR_LEN];
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "PVVX MiThermometer display:\n"
                 "  MAC address           : %s\n"
@@ -188,4 +189,4 @@ void PVVXDisplay::sync_time_() {
 
 }  // namespace esphome::pvvx_mithermometer
 
-#endif
+#endif  // USE_ESP32
diff --git a/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/display/pvvx_display.h b/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/display/pvvx_display.h
index d231111c58..c3f6028423 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/display/pvvx_display.h
+++ b/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/display/pvvx_display.h
@@ -1,13 +1,16 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/ble_client/ble_client.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/display/display.h"
 
 #include <cinttypes>
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
 #include <esp_gattc_api.h>
 #ifdef USE_TIME
 #include "esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.h"
@@ -121,14 +124,13 @@ class PVVXDisplay final : public ble_client::BLEClientNode, public PollingCompon
   uint16_t char_handle_ = 0;
   bool connection_established_ = false;
 
-  esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID service_uuid_ =
-      esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID::from_raw("00001f10-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb");
-  esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID char_uuid_ =
-      esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID::from_raw("00001f1f-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb");
+  ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID service_uuid_ =
+      ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_raw("00001f10-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb");
+  ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID char_uuid_ = ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_raw("00001f1f-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb");
 
   pvvx_writer_t writer_{};
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::pvvx_mithermometer
 
-#endif
+#endif  // USE_ESP32
diff --git a/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/pvvx_mithermometer.cpp b/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/pvvx_mithermometer.cpp
index f674fc3694..9141d12b16 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/pvvx_mithermometer.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/pvvx_mithermometer.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #include "pvvx_mithermometer.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::pvvx_mithermometer {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "pvvx_mithermometer";
@@ -15,7 +13,7 @@ void PVVXMiThermometer::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Battery Voltage", this->battery_voltage_);
 }
 
-bool PVVXMiThermometer::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool PVVXMiThermometer::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -52,7 +50,7 @@ bool PVVXMiThermometer::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &devic
   return success;
 }
 
-optional<ParseResult> PVVXMiThermometer::parse_header_(const esp32_ble_tracker::ServiceData &service_data) {
+optional<ParseResult> PVVXMiThermometer::parse_header_(const ble_device_base::ServiceData &service_data) {
   ParseResult result;
   if (!service_data.uuid.contains(0x1A, 0x18)) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_header(): no service data UUID magic bytes.");
@@ -140,5 +138,3 @@ bool PVVXMiThermometer::report_results_(const optional<ParseResult> &result, con
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::pvvx_mithermometer
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/pvvx_mithermometer.h b/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/pvvx_mithermometer.h
index 382e41d210..7a2244207b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/pvvx_mithermometer.h
+++ b/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/pvvx_mithermometer.h
@@ -2,12 +2,10 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 
 #include <vector>
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::pvvx_mithermometer {
 
 struct ParseResult {
@@ -18,11 +16,11 @@ struct ParseResult {
   int raw_offset;
 };
 
-class PVVXMiThermometer final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class PVVXMiThermometer final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; };
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_temperature(sensor::Sensor *temperature) { temperature_ = temperature; }
   void set_humidity(sensor::Sensor *humidity) { humidity_ = humidity; }
@@ -40,11 +38,9 @@ class PVVXMiThermometer final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPB
 
   uint8_t last_frame_count_{0};
 
-  optional<ParseResult> parse_header_(const esp32_ble_tracker::ServiceData &service_data);
+  optional<ParseResult> parse_header_(const ble_device_base::ServiceData &service_data);
   bool parse_message_(const std::vector<uint8_t> &message, ParseResult &result);
   bool report_results_(const optional<ParseResult> &result, const char *address);
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::pvvx_mithermometer
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/sensor.py b/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/sensor.py
index da57c65341..ad13bdcca7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL,
@@ -21,17 +21,19 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PERCENT,
     UNIT_VOLT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@pasiz"]
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base"]
 
 pvvx_mithermometer_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("pvvx_mithermometer")
 PVVXMiThermometer = pvvx_mithermometer_ns.class_(
-    "PVVXMiThermometer", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "PVVXMiThermometer", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("pvvx_mithermometer"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(PVVXMiThermometer),
@@ -71,15 +73,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/pylontech/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pylontech/__init__.py
index 82b98654a2..4ab606d9f9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pylontech/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pylontech/__init__.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pylontech/pylontech.cpp b/esphome/components/pylontech/pylontech.cpp
index 0973699da8..54d9e5c654 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pylontech/pylontech.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pylontech/pylontech.cpp
@@ -137,7 +137,8 @@ void PylontechComponent::process_line_(std::string &buffer) {
     } else if (strcmp(token_buf, "Power") == 0) {
       // header line i.e. "Power Volt   Curr" and so on
       this->has_tlow_id_ = buffer.find("Tlow.Id") != std::string::npos;
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "header line %s Tlow.Id: %s", this->has_tlow_id_ ? "with" : "without",
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "header line %s Tlow.Id: %s",
+               this->has_tlow_id_ ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("with") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("without"),
                buffer.substr(0, buffer.size() - 2).c_str());
       return;
     } else {
diff --git a/esphome/components/pylontech/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pylontech/sensor/__init__.py
index 450f663274..40391206fb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pylontech/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pylontech/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PERCENT,
     UNIT_VOLT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_BATTERY, CONF_PYLONTECH_ID, PYLONTECH_COMPONENT_SCHEMA, pylontech_ns
 
@@ -90,7 +91,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = PYLONTECH_COMPONENT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend({cv.Optional(marker): schema for marker, schema in TYPES.items()})
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_PYLONTECH_ID])
     bat = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], config[CONF_BATTERY])
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/pylontech/text_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pylontech/text_sensor/__init__.py
index f68ca10374..511eb7d542 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pylontech/text_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pylontech/text_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_BATTERY, CONF_PYLONTECH_ID, PYLONTECH_COMPONENT_SCHEMA, pylontech_ns
 
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = PYLONTECH_COMPONENT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend({cv.Optional(marker): text_sensor.text_sensor_schema() for marker in MARKERS})
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_PYLONTECH_ID])
     bat = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], config[CONF_BATTERY])
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/pzem004t/sensor.py b/esphome/components/pzem004t/sensor.py
index 7e55fd9e7e..bf5e31b48a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pzem004t/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pzem004t/sensor.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_WATT,
     UNIT_WATT_HOURS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
 
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pzemac/pzemac.cpp b/esphome/components/pzemac/pzemac.cpp
index 5651e07af0..409de91124 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pzemac/pzemac.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pzemac/pzemac.cpp
@@ -3,62 +3,64 @@
 
 namespace esphome::pzemac {
 
+namespace helpers = modbus::helpers;
+
 static const char *const TAG = "pzemac";
 
 static const uint8_t PZEM_CMD_RESET_ENERGY = 0x42;
 static const uint8_t PZEM_REGISTER_COUNT = 10;  // 10x 16-bit registers
 
-void PZEMAC::on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) {
-  auto data = modbus::helpers::server_pdu_payload(response_pdu);
-  if (data.size() < 20) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid size for PZEM AC!");
+// Register map, see https://github.com/esphome/feature-requests/issues/49#issuecomment-538636809
+// 32-bit values are two registers, low word first.
+static const uint16_t PZEM_REGISTER_VOLTAGE = 0;        // 1 register, 0.1 V
+static const uint16_t PZEM_REGISTER_CURRENT = 1;        // 2 registers, 0.001 A
+static const uint16_t PZEM_REGISTER_ACTIVE_POWER = 3;   // 2 registers, 0.1 W
+static const uint16_t PZEM_REGISTER_ACTIVE_ENERGY = 5;  // 2 registers, 1 Wh
+static const uint16_t PZEM_REGISTER_FREQUENCY = 7;      // 1 register, 0.1 Hz
+static const uint16_t PZEM_REGISTER_POWER_FACTOR = 8;   // 1 register, 0.01
+
+void PZEMAC::on_read_input_registers(uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint16_t> registers,
+                                     modbus::ResponseStatus status) {
+  if (!modbus::succeeded(status))
+    return;  // the hub already logs exception responses
+
+  // Publish a sensor if its register(s) are in this response; skipping absent registers keeps this
+  // correct for any read range, so the poll may be split into multiple requests.
+  auto publish_1_register = [&](sensor::Sensor *sensor, uint16_t reg, float divisor) -> void {
+    if (sensor == nullptr)
+      return;
+    if (auto value = helpers::value_at<helpers::SensorValueType::U_WORD>(registers, start_address, reg))
+      sensor->publish_state(*value / divisor);
+  };
+
+  auto publish_2_registers = [&](sensor::Sensor *sensor, uint16_t reg, float divisor) -> void {
+    if (sensor == nullptr)
+      return;
+    if (auto value = helpers::value_at<helpers::SensorValueType::U_DWORD_R>(registers, start_address, reg))
+      sensor->publish_state(*value / divisor);
+  };
+
+  publish_1_register(this->voltage_sensor_, PZEM_REGISTER_VOLTAGE, 10.0f);
+  publish_2_registers(this->current_sensor_, PZEM_REGISTER_CURRENT, 1000.0f);
+  publish_2_registers(this->power_sensor_, PZEM_REGISTER_ACTIVE_POWER, 10.0f);
+  publish_2_registers(this->energy_sensor_, PZEM_REGISTER_ACTIVE_ENERGY, 1.0f);
+  publish_1_register(this->frequency_sensor_, PZEM_REGISTER_FREQUENCY, 10.0f);
+  publish_1_register(this->power_factor_sensor_, PZEM_REGISTER_POWER_FACTOR, 100.0f);
+}
+
+void PZEMAC::on_custom_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu,
+                                modbus::ResponseStatus status) {
+  // The only custom request this component sends is the energy reset; acknowledge its echo here so
+  // the default unhandled-response warning stays meaningful.
+  if (!request_pdu.empty() && request_pdu[0] == PZEM_CMD_RESET_ENERGY) {
+    if (modbus::succeeded(status)) {
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Energy reset acknowledged");
+    } else {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Energy reset rejected");
+    }
     return;
   }
-
-  // See https://github.com/esphome/feature-requests/issues/49#issuecomment-538636809
-  //  0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
-  // 01 04 14 08 D1 00 6C 00 00 00 F4 00 00 00 26 00 00 01 F4 00 64 00 00 51 34
-  // Id Cc Sz Volt- Current---- Power------ Energy----- Frequ PFact Alarm Crc--
-  //           0     2           6          10          14    16
-
-  auto pzem_get_16bit = [&](size_t i) -> uint16_t {
-    return (uint16_t(data[i + 0]) << 8) | (uint16_t(data[i + 1]) << 0);
-  };
-  auto pzem_get_32bit = [&](size_t i) -> uint32_t {
-    return (uint32_t(pzem_get_16bit(i + 2)) << 16) | (uint32_t(pzem_get_16bit(i + 0)) << 0);
-  };
-
-  uint16_t raw_voltage = pzem_get_16bit(0);
-  float voltage = raw_voltage / 10.0f;  // max 6553.5 V
-
-  uint32_t raw_current = pzem_get_32bit(2);
-  float current = raw_current / 1000.0f;  // max 4294967.295 A
-
-  uint32_t raw_active_power = pzem_get_32bit(6);
-  float active_power = raw_active_power / 10.0f;  // max 429496729.5 W
-
-  float active_energy = static_cast<float>(pzem_get_32bit(10));
-
-  uint16_t raw_frequency = pzem_get_16bit(14);
-  float frequency = raw_frequency / 10.0f;
-
-  uint16_t raw_power_factor = pzem_get_16bit(16);
-  float power_factor = raw_power_factor / 100.0f;
-
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "PZEM AC: V=%.1f V, I=%.3f A, P=%.1f W, E=%.1f Wh, F=%.1f Hz, PF=%.2f", voltage, current, active_power,
-           active_energy, frequency, power_factor);
-  if (this->voltage_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->voltage_sensor_->publish_state(voltage);
-  if (this->current_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->current_sensor_->publish_state(current);
-  if (this->power_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->power_sensor_->publish_state(active_power);
-  if (this->energy_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->energy_sensor_->publish_state(active_energy);
-  if (this->frequency_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->frequency_sensor_->publish_state(frequency);
-  if (this->power_factor_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->power_factor_sensor_->publish_state(power_factor);
+  modbus::ModbusClientDevice::on_custom_response(request_pdu, response_pdu, status);
 }
 
 void PZEMAC::update() { this->read_input_registers(0, PZEM_REGISTER_COUNT); }
@@ -77,7 +79,7 @@ void PZEMAC::dump_config() {
 
 void PZEMAC::reset_energy_() {
   const uint8_t pdu[] = {PZEM_CMD_RESET_ENERGY};
-  this->send_pdu(pdu);
+  this->queue_pdu(pdu);
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::pzemac
diff --git a/esphome/components/pzemac/pzemac.h b/esphome/components/pzemac/pzemac.h
index 171212d3ee..723b21e0b0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pzemac/pzemac.h
+++ b/esphome/components/pzemac/pzemac.h
@@ -22,7 +22,10 @@ class PZEMAC final : public PollingComponent, public modbus::ModbusClientDevice
 
   void update() override;
 
-  void on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) override;
+  void on_read_input_registers(uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint16_t> registers,
+                               modbus::ResponseStatus status) override;
+  void on_custom_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu,
+                          modbus::ResponseStatus status) override;
 
   void dump_config() override;
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/pzemac/sensor.py b/esphome/components/pzemac/sensor.py
index 4e228f6aa3..f093262e18 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pzemac/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pzemac/sensor.py
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_WATT,
     UNIT_WATT_HOURS,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["modbus"]
@@ -93,19 +95,24 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def reset_energy_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def reset_energy_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
 
-def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
-    return modbus.final_validate_modbus_device("pzemac", role="client")(config)
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    modbus.final_validate_modbus_device("pzemac", role="client")(config)
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await modbus.register_modbus_client_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pzemdc/pzemdc.cpp b/esphome/components/pzemdc/pzemdc.cpp
index 5e505cde0c..eb9a355806 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pzemdc/pzemdc.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pzemdc/pzemdc.cpp
@@ -3,55 +3,63 @@
 
 namespace esphome::pzemdc {
 
+namespace helpers = modbus::helpers;
+
 static const char *const TAG = "pzemdc";
 
 static const uint8_t PZEM_CMD_RESET_ENERGY = 0x42;
-static const uint8_t PZEM_REGISTER_COUNT = 10;  // 10x 16-bit registers
+static const uint8_t PZEM_REGISTER_COUNT = 8;  // 8x 16-bit registers
 
-void PZEMDC::on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) {
-  auto data = modbus::helpers::server_pdu_payload(response_pdu);
-  if (data.size() < 16) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid size for PZEM DC!");
-    return;
-  }
+// Register map, see https://github.com/esphome/feature-requests/issues/49#issuecomment-538636809
+// 32-bit values are two registers, low word first.
+static const uint16_t PZEM_REGISTER_VOLTAGE = 0;  // 1 register, 0.01 V
+static const uint16_t PZEM_REGISTER_CURRENT = 1;  // 1 register, 0.01 A
+static const uint16_t PZEM_REGISTER_POWER = 2;    // 2 registers, 0.1 W
+static const uint16_t PZEM_REGISTER_ENERGY = 4;   // 2 registers, 1 Wh
 
-  // See https://github.com/esphome/feature-requests/issues/49#issuecomment-538636809
-  //           0     1     2     3     4     5     6     7           = ModBus register
-  //  0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20  = Buffer index
-  // 01 04 10 05 40 00 0A 00 0D 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 D6 29
-  // Id Cc Sz Volt- Curre Power------ Energy----- HiAlm LoAlm Crc--
+void PZEMDC::on_read_input_registers(uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint16_t> registers,
+                                     modbus::ResponseStatus status) {
+  if (!modbus::succeeded(status))
+    return;  // the hub already logs exception responses
 
-  auto pzem_get_16bit = [&](size_t i) -> uint16_t {
-    return (uint16_t(data[i + 0]) << 8) | (uint16_t(data[i + 1]) << 0);
-  };
-  auto pzem_get_32bit = [&](size_t i) -> uint32_t {
-    return (uint32_t(pzem_get_16bit(i + 2)) << 16) | (uint32_t(pzem_get_16bit(i + 0)) << 0);
+  // Publish a sensor if its register(s) are in this response; skipping absent registers keeps this
+  // correct for any read range, so the poll may be split into multiple requests.
+  auto publish_1_register = [&](sensor::Sensor *sensor, uint16_t reg, float divisor) -> void {
+    if (sensor == nullptr)
+      return;
+    if (auto value = helpers::value_at<helpers::SensorValueType::U_WORD>(registers, start_address, reg))
+      sensor->publish_state(*value / divisor);
   };
 
-  uint16_t raw_voltage = pzem_get_16bit(0);
-  float voltage = raw_voltage / 100.0f;  // max 655.35 V
+  auto publish_2_registers = [&](sensor::Sensor *sensor, uint16_t reg, float divisor) -> void {
+    if (sensor == nullptr)
+      return;
+    if (auto value = helpers::value_at<helpers::SensorValueType::U_DWORD_R>(registers, start_address, reg))
+      sensor->publish_state(*value / divisor);
+  };
 
-  uint16_t raw_current = pzem_get_16bit(2);
-  float current = raw_current / 100.0f;  // max 655.35 A
-
-  uint32_t raw_power = pzem_get_32bit(4);
-  float power = raw_power / 10.0f;  // max 429496729.5 W
-
-  uint32_t raw_energy = pzem_get_32bit(8);
-  float energy = raw_energy / 1000.0f;  // max 4294967.295 kWh
-
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "PZEM DC: V=%.1f V, I=%.3f A, P=%.1f W", voltage, current, power);
-  if (this->voltage_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->voltage_sensor_->publish_state(voltage);
-  if (this->current_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->current_sensor_->publish_state(current);
-  if (this->power_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->power_sensor_->publish_state(power);
-  if (this->energy_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->energy_sensor_->publish_state(energy);
+  publish_1_register(this->voltage_sensor_, PZEM_REGISTER_VOLTAGE, 100.0f);
+  publish_1_register(this->current_sensor_, PZEM_REGISTER_CURRENT, 100.0f);
+  publish_2_registers(this->power_sensor_, PZEM_REGISTER_POWER, 10.0f);
+  publish_2_registers(this->energy_sensor_, PZEM_REGISTER_ENERGY, 1000.0f);
 }
 
-void PZEMDC::update() { this->read_input_registers(0, 8); }
+void PZEMDC::on_custom_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu,
+                                modbus::ResponseStatus status) {
+  // The only custom request this component sends is the energy reset; acknowledge its echo here so
+  // the default unhandled-response warning stays meaningful.
+  if (!request_pdu.empty() && request_pdu[0] == PZEM_CMD_RESET_ENERGY) {
+    if (modbus::succeeded(status)) {
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Energy reset acknowledged");
+    } else {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Energy reset rejected");
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+  modbus::ModbusClientDevice::on_custom_response(request_pdu, response_pdu, status);
+}
+
+void PZEMDC::update() { this->read_input_registers(0, PZEM_REGISTER_COUNT); }
 void PZEMDC::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "PZEMDC:\n"
@@ -65,7 +73,7 @@ void PZEMDC::dump_config() {
 
 void PZEMDC::reset_energy() {
   const uint8_t pdu[] = {PZEM_CMD_RESET_ENERGY};
-  this->send_pdu(pdu);
+  this->queue_pdu(pdu);
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::pzemdc
diff --git a/esphome/components/pzemdc/pzemdc.h b/esphome/components/pzemdc/pzemdc.h
index b7657608e6..69c8a9dd6c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pzemdc/pzemdc.h
+++ b/esphome/components/pzemdc/pzemdc.h
@@ -18,7 +18,10 @@ class PZEMDC final : public PollingComponent, public modbus::ModbusClientDevice
 
   void update() override;
 
-  void on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) override;
+  void on_read_input_registers(uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint16_t> registers,
+                               modbus::ResponseStatus status) override;
+  void on_custom_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu,
+                          modbus::ResponseStatus status) override;
 
   void dump_config() override;
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/pzemdc/sensor.py b/esphome/components/pzemdc/sensor.py
index 40cfe7b08a..b9f7246b72 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pzemdc/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pzemdc/sensor.py
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_VOLT,
     UNIT_WATT,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["modbus"]
@@ -75,19 +77,24 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def reset_energy_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def reset_energy_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
 
-def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
-    return modbus.final_validate_modbus_device("pzemdc", role="client")(config)
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    modbus.final_validate_modbus_device("pzemdc", role="client")(config)
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await modbus.register_modbus_client_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/qmc5883l/sensor.py b/esphome/components/qmc5883l/sensor.py
index fe34381ad8..e0186be163 100644
--- a/esphome/components/qmc5883l/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/qmc5883l/sensor.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable
 import logging
+from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -24,6 +26,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_DEGREES,
     UNIT_MICROTESLA,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -60,7 +63,7 @@ QMC5883LOversamplings = {
 }
 
 
-def validate_config(config):
+def validate_config(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if (
         config[CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL].total_milliseconds < 15
         and CONF_DRDY_PIN not in config
@@ -72,14 +75,16 @@ def validate_config(config):
     return config
 
 
-def validate_enum(enum_values, units=None, int=True):
+def validate_enum(
+    enum_values: dict[Any, Any], units: str | list[str] | None = None, int: bool = True
+) -> Callable[[Any], Any]:
     _units = []
     if units is not None:
         _units = units if isinstance(units, list) else [units]
         _units = [str(x) for x in _units]
     enum_bound = cv.enum(enum_values, int=int)
 
-    def validate_enum_bound(value):
+    def validate_enum_bound(value: Any) -> Any:
         value = cv.string(value)
         for unit in _units:
             if value.endswith(unit):
@@ -137,7 +142,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/qmi8658/motion.py b/esphome/components/qmi8658/motion.py
index 26169189c2..2fd12dc921 100644
--- a/esphome/components/qmi8658/motion.py
+++ b/esphome/components/qmi8658/motion.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.components.const import (
 )
 from esphome.components.motion import motion_schema, new_motion_component
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import QMI8658Component, qmi8658_ns
 
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 
 
 #  Code generation
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await new_motion_component(config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/qmi8658/sensor.py b/esphome/components/qmi8658/sensor.py
index 80b0512361..96f97805c7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/qmi8658/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/qmi8658/sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_QMI8658_ID, QMI8658Component
 
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = sensor.sensor_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_QMI8658_ID])
     data = MockObj("data")
diff --git a/esphome/components/qmp6988/sensor.py b/esphome/components/qmp6988/sensor.py
index 05eb7efa27..abc39176c1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/qmp6988/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/qmp6988/sensor.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_HECTOPASCAL,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -81,7 +82,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/qr_code/__init__.py b/esphome/components/qr_code/__init__.py
index 6ff92b8a7f..8b773dcdf5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/qr_code/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/qr_code/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_VALUE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_SCALE = "scale"
 CONF_ECC = "ecc"
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.ensure_list(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: list[ConfigType]) -> None:
     cg.add_library("wjtje/qr-code-generator-library", "^1.7.0")
 
     for entry in config:
diff --git a/esphome/components/qspi_dbi/display.py b/esphome/components/qspi_dbi/display.py
index 48cd72ecdf..dce1a95687 100644
--- a/esphome/components/qspi_dbi/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/qspi_dbi/display.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import logging
+from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_WIDTH,
 )
 from esphome.core import TimePeriod
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_DRAW_FROM_ORIGIN
 from .models import DriverChip
@@ -49,14 +51,14 @@ DATA_PIN_SCHEMA = pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_schema
 DELAY_FLAG = 0xFF
 
 
-def validate_dimension(value):
+def validate_dimension(value: Any) -> int:
     value = cv.positive_int(value)
     if value % 2 != 0:
         raise cv.Invalid("Width/height/offset must be divisible by 2")
     return value
 
 
-def map_sequence(value):
+def map_sequence(value: Any) -> list[int]:
     """
     The format is a repeated sequence of [CMD, <data>] where <data> is s a sequence of bytes. The length is inferred
     from the length of the sequence and should not be explicit.
@@ -74,14 +76,14 @@ def map_sequence(value):
     return [value[0], len(params)] + list(params)
 
 
-def _validate(config):
+def _validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     chip = DriverChip.chips[config[CONF_MODEL]]
     if not chip.initsequence and CONF_INIT_SEQUENCE not in config:
         raise cv.Invalid(f"{chip.name} model requires init_sequence")
     return config
 
 
-def power_of_two(value):
+def power_of_two(value: Any) -> int:
     value = cv.int_range(1, 128)(value)
     if value & (value - 1) != 0:
         raise cv.Invalid("value must be a power of two")
@@ -122,11 +124,11 @@ BASE_SCHEMA = display.FULL_DISPLAY_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-def model_property(name, defaults, fallback):
+def model_property(name: str, defaults: dict[str, Any], fallback: Any) -> cv.Optional:
     return cv.Optional(name, default=defaults.get(name, fallback))
 
 
-def model_schema(defaults):
+def model_schema(defaults: dict[str, Any]) -> cv.Schema:
     transform = cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.Optional(CONF_MIRROR_X, default=False): cv.boolean,
@@ -162,7 +164,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     LOGGER.warning(
         "The 'qspi_dbi' component is deprecated, it is recommended to use 'mipi_spi' instead."
     )
diff --git a/esphome/components/qspi_dbi/models.py b/esphome/components/qspi_dbi/models.py
index 8ce592e0cf..7611279509 100644
--- a/esphome/components/qspi_dbi/models.py
+++ b/esphome/components/qspi_dbi/models.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 # Commands
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome.components.const import CONF_DRAW_ROUNDING
 from esphome.const import CONF_INVERT_COLORS, CONF_SWAP_XY
 
@@ -26,16 +28,16 @@ PAGESEL = 0xFE
 
 
 class DriverChip:
-    chips = {}
+    chips: dict[str, "DriverChip"] = {}
 
-    def __init__(self, name: str, defaults=None):
+    def __init__(self, name: str, defaults: dict[str, Any] | None = None) -> None:
         name = name.upper()
         self.name = name
         self.chips[name] = self
         self.initsequence = []
         self.defaults = defaults or {}
 
-    def cmd(self, c, *args):
+    def cmd(self, c: int, *args: int) -> None:
         """
         Add a command sequence to the init sequence
         :param c: The command (8 bit)
@@ -43,7 +45,7 @@ class DriverChip:
         """
         self.initsequence.extend([c, len(args)] + list(args))
 
-    def delay(self, ms):
+    def delay(self, ms: int) -> None:
         self.initsequence.extend([ms, 0xFF])
 
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/qwiic_pir/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/qwiic_pir/binary_sensor.py
index cd3eda5ac8..71aabda349 100644
--- a/esphome/components/qwiic_pir/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/qwiic_pir/binary_sensor.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor, i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_DEBOUNCE, DEVICE_CLASS_MOTION
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kahrendt"]
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ QwiicPIRComponent = qwiic_pir_ns.class_(
 )
 
 
-def validate_no_debounce_unless_native(config):
+def validate_no_debounce_unless_native(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_DEBOUNCE in config and config[CONF_DEBOUNCE_MODE] != "NATIVE":
         raise cv.Invalid("debounce can only be set if debounce_mode is NATIVE")
     return config
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/qwiic_pir/qwiic_pir.cpp b/esphome/components/qwiic_pir/qwiic_pir.cpp
index baf8dc122d..eb338db772 100644
--- a/esphome/components/qwiic_pir/qwiic_pir.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/qwiic_pir/qwiic_pir.cpp
@@ -124,8 +124,9 @@ void QwiicPIRComponent::dump_config() {
 
 void QwiicPIRComponent::clear_events_() {
   // Clear event status register
-  if (!this->write_byte(QWIIC_PIR_EVENT_STATUS, 0x00))
+  if (!this->write_byte(QWIIC_PIR_EVENT_STATUS, 0x00)) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to clear events");
+  }
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::qwiic_pir
diff --git a/esphome/components/radio_frequency/__init__.py b/esphome/components/radio_frequency/__init__.py
index 9fdafe428a..f303a14297 100644
--- a/esphome/components/radio_frequency/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/radio_frequency/__init__.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_ON_CONTROL
 from esphome.core import CORE, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import queue_entity_register, setup_entity
 from esphome.coroutine import CoroPriority
-from esphome.types import ConfigType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType, SafeExpType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["remote_base"]
@@ -49,11 +49,11 @@ def radio_frequency_schema(class_: type[cg.MockObjClass]) -> cv.Schema:
 
 
 @setup_entity("radio_frequency")
-async def setup_radio_frequency_core_(var: cg.Pvariable, config: ConfigType) -> None:
+async def setup_radio_frequency_core_(var: cg.MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     """Set up core radio frequency configuration."""
 
 
-async def register_radio_frequency(var: cg.Pvariable, config: ConfigType) -> None:
+async def register_radio_frequency(var: cg.MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     """Register a radio frequency device with the core."""
     cg.add_define("USE_RADIO_FREQUENCY")
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ async def register_radio_frequency(var: cg.Pvariable, config: ConfigType) -> Non
         )
 
 
-async def new_radio_frequency(config: ConfigType, *args) -> cg.Pvariable:
+async def new_radio_frequency(config: ConfigType, *args: SafeExpType) -> cg.MockObj:
     """Create a new RadioFrequency instance.
 
     :param config: Configuration dictionary.
diff --git a/esphome/components/radio_frequency/radio_frequency.cpp b/esphome/components/radio_frequency/radio_frequency.cpp
index fe6c6a9cb5..61e7feb9af 100644
--- a/esphome/components/radio_frequency/radio_frequency.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/radio_frequency/radio_frequency.cpp
@@ -81,8 +81,6 @@ void RadioFrequency::dump_config() {
   }
 }
 
-RadioFrequencyCall RadioFrequency::make_call() { return RadioFrequencyCall(this); }
-
 uint32_t RadioFrequency::get_capability_flags() const {
   uint32_t flags = 0;
   if (this->traits_.get_supports_transmitter())
@@ -99,8 +97,12 @@ bool RadioFrequency::on_receive(remote_base::RemoteReceiveData data) {
   // Forward received RF data to API server
 #if defined(USE_API) && defined(USE_RADIO_FREQUENCY)
   if (api::global_api_server != nullptr) {
-    api::global_api_server->send_infrared_rf_receive_event(this->get_device_id_or_zero(), this->get_entity_key(),
-                                                           &data.get_raw_data());
+#ifdef USE_DEVICES
+    uint32_t device_id = this->get_device_id();
+#else
+    uint32_t device_id = 0;
+#endif
+    api::global_api_server->send_infrared_rf_receive_event(device_id, this->get_object_id_hash(), &data.get_raw_data());
   }
 #endif
   return false;  // Don't consume the event, allow other listeners to process it
diff --git a/esphome/components/radio_frequency/radio_frequency.h b/esphome/components/radio_frequency/radio_frequency.h
index 7dfd2dd77e..8782c255f0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/radio_frequency/radio_frequency.h
+++ b/esphome/components/radio_frequency/radio_frequency.h
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ class RadioFrequency : public Component, public EntityBase, public remote_base::
   const RadioFrequencyTraits &get_traits() const { return this->traits_; }
 
   /// Create a call object for transmitting
-  RadioFrequencyCall make_call();
+  RadioFrequencyCall make_call() { return RadioFrequencyCall(this); }
 
   /// Get capability flags for this radio frequency instance
   uint32_t get_capability_flags() const;
diff --git a/esphome/components/radon_eye_ble/__init__.py b/esphome/components/radon_eye_ble/__init__.py
index 99daef30e5..0ca9f64326 100644
--- a/esphome/components/radon_eye_ble/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/radon_eye_ble/__init__.py
@@ -1,23 +1,27 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jeffeb3"]
 
 radon_eye_ble_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("radon_eye_ble")
 RadonEyeListener = radon_eye_ble_ns.class_(
-    "RadonEyeListener", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener
+    "RadonEyeListener", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(RadonEyeListener),
-    }
-).extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("radon_eye_ble"),
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(RadonEyeListener),
+        }
+    ).extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
+)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/radon_eye_ble/radon_eye_listener.cpp b/esphome/components/radon_eye_ble/radon_eye_listener.cpp
index 7e7263d73f..9ff279cab9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/radon_eye_ble/radon_eye_listener.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/radon_eye_ble/radon_eye_listener.cpp
@@ -2,13 +2,11 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::radon_eye_ble {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "radon_eye_ble";
 
-bool RadonEyeListener::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool RadonEyeListener::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   // Radon Eye devices have names starting with "FR:"
   if (device.get_name().starts_with("FR:")) {
     char addr_buf[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
@@ -19,5 +17,3 @@ bool RadonEyeListener::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::radon_eye_ble
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/radon_eye_ble/radon_eye_listener.h b/esphome/components/radon_eye_ble/radon_eye_listener.h
index 30e3ccc1ea..f9c8aa377d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/radon_eye_ble/radon_eye_listener.h
+++ b/esphome/components/radon_eye_ble/radon_eye_listener.h
@@ -1,17 +1,13 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 
 namespace esphome::radon_eye_ble {
 
-class RadonEyeListener final : public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class RadonEyeListener final : public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::radon_eye_ble
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/radon_eye_rd200/sensor.py b/esphome/components/radon_eye_rd200/sensor.py
index da04328218..f38a035226 100644
--- a/esphome/components/radon_eye_rd200/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/radon_eye_rd200/sensor.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_BECQUEREL_PER_CUBIC_METER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["ble_client"]
 
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/rc522/__init__.py b/esphome/components/rc522/__init__.py
index ce0d408c04..e9e8dd7b73 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rc522/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rc522/__init__.py
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_RESET_PIN,
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@glmnet"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["binary_sensor"]
@@ -38,7 +40,7 @@ RC522_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("1s"))
 
 
-async def setup_rc522(var, config):
+async def setup_rc522(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
     if CONF_RESET_PIN in config:
diff --git a/esphome/components/rc522/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/rc522/binary_sensor.py
index 87f81c2223..f295b75df7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rc522/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rc522/binary_sensor.py
@@ -1,15 +1,18 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_UID
 from esphome.core import HexInt
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_RC522_ID, RC522, rc522_ns
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["rc522"]
 
 
-def validate_uid(value):
+def validate_uid(value: Any) -> str:
     value = cv.string_strict(value)
     for x in value.split("-"):
         if len(x) != 2:
@@ -39,7 +42,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(RC522BinarySensor).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
 
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_RC522_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/rc522_i2c/__init__.py b/esphome/components/rc522_i2c/__init__.py
index c67615e2d8..c3fd368bbd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rc522_i2c/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rc522_i2c/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, rc522
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@glmnet"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await rc522.setup_rc522(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/rc522_spi/__init__.py b/esphome/components/rc522_spi/__init__.py
index 9ce94d7f31..f2820bbaee 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rc522_spi/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rc522_spi/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import rc522, spi
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@glmnet"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = spi.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await rc522.setup_rc522(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/rc522_spi/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/rc522_spi/binary_sensor.py
index 8139f6d2ac..6245d5a487 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rc522_spi/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rc522_spi/binary_sensor.py
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 import esphome.components.rc522.binary_sensor as rc522_binary_sensor
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["rc522"]
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = rc522_binary_sensor.CONFIG_SCHEMA
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await rc522_binary_sensor.to_code(config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/rd03d/__init__.py b/esphome/components/rd03d/__init__.py
index 52e9a2c09a..4fff41e4f6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rd03d/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rd03d/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_THROTTLE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jasstrong"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/rd03d/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/rd03d/binary_sensor.py
index afb7527aa1..2c040d0560 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rd03d/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rd03d/binary_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_TARGET, DEVICE_CLASS_OCCUPANCY
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_RD03D_ID, RD03DComponent
 
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_RD03D_ID])
 
     if target_config := config.get(CONF_TARGET):
diff --git a/esphome/components/rd03d/rd03d.cpp b/esphome/components/rd03d/rd03d.cpp
index 2eb76a1087..18328def9f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rd03d/rd03d.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/rd03d/rd03d.cpp
@@ -55,8 +55,9 @@ void RD03DComponent::setup() {
 void RD03DComponent::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "RD-03D:");
   if (this->tracking_mode_.has_value()) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Tracking Mode: %s",
-                  *this->tracking_mode_ == TrackingMode::SINGLE_TARGET ? "single" : "multi");
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(
+        TAG, "  Tracking Mode: %s",
+        *this->tracking_mode_ == TrackingMode::SINGLE_TARGET ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("single") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("multi"));
   }
   if (this->throttle_ > 0) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Throttle: %" PRIu32 "ms", this->throttle_);
diff --git a/esphome/components/rd03d/sensor.py b/esphome/components/rd03d/sensor.py
index 953d99c2da..d29656bab0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rd03d/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rd03d/sensor.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_DEGREES,
     UNIT_MILLIMETER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_RD03D_ID, RD03DComponent
 
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend({cv.Optional(f"target_{i + 1}"): TARGET_SCHEMA for i in range(MAX_TARGETS)})
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_RD03D_ID])
 
     if target_count_config := config.get(CONF_TARGET_COUNT):
diff --git a/esphome/components/rdm6300/__init__.py b/esphome/components/rdm6300/__init__.py
index a65213d576..d3803bd3f7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rdm6300/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rdm6300/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_ON_TAG, CONF_TRIGGER_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["binary_sensor"]
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/rdm6300/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/rdm6300/binary_sensor.py
index 7eb20b1302..e62b1a3623 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rdm6300/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rdm6300/binary_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor, rdm6300
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_UID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import rdm6300_ns
 
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(RDM6300BinarySensor).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
 
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_RDM6300_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_receiver/__init__.py b/esphome/components/remote_receiver/__init__.py
index ad9c4b5a18..6e8c73d331 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_receiver/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_receiver/__init__.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import esp32, esp32_rmt, remote_base
@@ -21,6 +23,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     PlatformFramework,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, TimePeriod
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_FILTER_SYMBOLS = "filter_symbols"
 CONF_RECEIVE_SYMBOLS = "receive_symbols"
@@ -62,7 +65,7 @@ RemoteReceiverComponent = remote_receiver_ns.class_(
 )
 
 
-def validate_config(config):
+def validate_config(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CORE.is_esp32:
         variant = esp32.get_esp32_variant()
         if variant in esp32_rmt.VARIANTS_NO_RMT:
@@ -78,7 +81,7 @@ def validate_config(config):
     return config
 
 
-def validate_tolerance(value):
+def validate_tolerance(value: Any) -> ConfigType:
     if isinstance(value, dict):
         return TOLERANCE_SCHEMA(value)
 
@@ -196,7 +199,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = remote_base.validate_triggers(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_PIN])
     if CORE.is_esp32 and esp32.get_esp32_variant() not in esp32_rmt.VARIANTS_NO_RMT:
         # Re-enable ESP-IDF's RMT driver (excluded by default to save compile time)
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_receiver/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/remote_receiver/binary_sensor.py
index fe3e2af950..d4009f396b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_receiver/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_receiver/binary_sensor.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor, remote_base
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import FILTER_SOURCE_FILES  # noqa: F401  pylint: disable=unused-import
 
@@ -7,6 +8,6 @@ DEPENDENCIES = ["remote_receiver"]
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = remote_base.validate_binary_sensor
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await remote_base.build_binary_sensor(config)
     await binary_sensor.register_binary_sensor(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver.cpp
index 36152d8854..bbcb7ae765 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver.cpp
@@ -76,15 +76,16 @@ void RemoteReceiverComponent::setup() {
 }
 
 void RemoteReceiverComponent::dump_config() {
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
-                "Remote Receiver:\n"
-                "  Buffer Size: %" PRIu32 "\n"
-                "  Tolerance: %" PRIu32 "%s\n"
-                "  Filter out pulses shorter than: %" PRIu32 " us\n"
-                "  Signal is done after %" PRIu32 " us of no changes",
-                this->buffer_size_, this->tolerance_,
-                (this->tolerance_mode_ == remote_base::TOLERANCE_MODE_TIME) ? " us" : "%", this->filter_us_,
-                this->idle_us_);
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(
+      TAG,
+      "Remote Receiver:\n"
+      "  Buffer Size: %" PRIu32 "\n"
+      "  Tolerance: %" PRIu32 "%s\n"
+      "  Filter out pulses shorter than: %" PRIu32 " us\n"
+      "  Signal is done after %" PRIu32 " us of no changes",
+      this->buffer_size_, this->tolerance_,
+      (this->tolerance_mode_ == remote_base::TOLERANCE_MODE_TIME) ? LOG_STR_LITERAL(" us") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("%"),
+      this->filter_us_, this->idle_us_);
   LOG_PIN("  Pin: ", this->pin_);
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver_rmt.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver_rmt.cpp
index 596608a4d0..632ca9763a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver_rmt.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver_rmt.cpp
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::remote_receiver {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "remote_receiver.esp32";
+static const char *const TAG = "remote_receiver";
 
 static bool IRAM_ATTR HOT rmt_callback(rmt_channel_handle_t channel, const rmt_rx_done_event_data_t *event, void *arg) {
   RemoteReceiverComponentStore *store = (RemoteReceiverComponentStore *) arg;
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/__init__.py b/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/__init__.py
index 521c3daf87..cb2aebec91 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,12 @@ import logging
 from esphome import automation, pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import esp32, esp32_rmt, remote_base
+from esphome.components.libretiny import get_libretiny_family
+from esphome.components.libretiny.const import (
+    FAMILY_BK7231N,
+    FAMILY_BK7238,
+    FAMILY_RTL8720C,
+)
 from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_platform
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
@@ -18,7 +24,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_VALUE,
     PlatformFramework,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -41,6 +49,21 @@ DigitalWriteAction = remote_transmitter_ns.class_(
 )
 
 
+_NON_BLOCKING_LIBRETINY_FAMILIES = (FAMILY_RTL8720C, FAMILY_BK7231N, FAMILY_BK7238)
+
+
+def _validate_non_blocking_platform(value: bool) -> bool:
+    # non_blocking requires hardware transmission: RMT on ESP32, a hardware timer
+    # envelope chain on the listed LibreTiny families. Reject elsewhere at config time.
+    if CORE.is_esp32:
+        return cv.boolean(value)
+    if CORE.is_libretiny and get_libretiny_family() in _NON_BLOCKING_LIBRETINY_FAMILIES:
+        return cv.boolean(value)
+    raise cv.Invalid(
+        "non_blocking is only supported on ESP32, RTL8720C, BK7231N and BK7238"
+    )
+
+
 MULTI_CONF = True
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
     cv.Schema(
@@ -74,7 +97,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
                 esp32_s2=64,
                 esp32_s3=48,
             ): cv.All(cv.only_on_esp32, cv.int_range(min=2)),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_NON_BLOCKING): cv.All(cv.only_on_esp32, cv.boolean),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_NON_BLOCKING): _validate_non_blocking_platform,
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_TRANSMIT): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_COMPLETE): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
         }
@@ -94,7 +117,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-def _validate_non_blocking(config):
+def _validate_non_blocking(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if (
         CORE.is_esp32
         and esp32.get_esp32_variant() not in esp32_rmt.VARIANTS_NO_RMT
@@ -125,7 +148,12 @@ DIGITAL_WRITE_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.maybe_simple_value(
     DIGITAL_WRITE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def digital_write_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def digital_write_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_TRANSMITTER_ID])
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_VALUE], args, cg.bool_)
@@ -133,7 +161,7 @@ async def digital_write_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     return var
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_PIN])
     if CORE.is_esp32 and esp32.get_esp32_variant() not in esp32_rmt.VARIANTS_NO_RMT:
         # Re-enable ESP-IDF's RMT driver (excluded by default to save compile time)
@@ -157,6 +185,8 @@ async def to_code(config):
             )
     else:
         var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], pin)
+        if (non_blocking := config.get(CONF_NON_BLOCKING)) is not None:
+            cg.add(var.set_non_blocking(non_blocking))
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_carrier_duty_percent(config[CONF_CARRIER_DUTY_PERCENT]))
@@ -178,12 +208,21 @@ FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_platform(
             PlatformFramework.ESP32_ARDUINO,
             PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
         },
+        "remote_transmitter_rtl87xx.cpp": {
+            PlatformFramework.RTL87XX_ARDUINO,
+        },
+        "remote_transmitter_bk72xx.cpp": {
+            PlatformFramework.BK72XX_ARDUINO,
+        },
+        "remote_transmitter_libretiny_isr.cpp": {
+            PlatformFramework.RTL87XX_ARDUINO,
+            PlatformFramework.BK72XX_ARDUINO,
+        },
         "remote_transmitter.cpp": {
             PlatformFramework.ESP32_ARDUINO,
             PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
             PlatformFramework.ESP8266_ARDUINO,
             PlatformFramework.BK72XX_ARDUINO,
-            PlatformFramework.RTL87XX_ARDUINO,
             PlatformFramework.LN882X_ARDUINO,
             PlatformFramework.RP2_ARDUINO,
         },
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter.cpp
index 49c711330b..5e82213a48 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter.cpp
@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 
-#if defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2) || (defined(USE_ESP32) && !SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED)
+#if (defined(USE_LIBRETINY) && !defined(USE_RTL87XX) && !defined(REMOTE_TRANSMITTER_BK_PWM)) || \
+    defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2) || (defined(USE_ESP32) && !SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED)
 
 namespace esphome::remote_transmitter {
 
@@ -81,25 +82,37 @@ void RemoteTransmitterComponent::send_internal(uint32_t send_times, uint32_t sen
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Sending remote code");
   uint32_t on_time, off_time;
   this->calculate_on_off_time_(this->temp_.get_carrier_frequency(), &on_time, &off_time);
-  this->target_time_ = 0;
   this->transmit_trigger_.trigger();
   for (uint32_t i = 0; i < send_times; i++) {
-    InterruptLock lock;
-    for (int32_t item : this->temp_.get_data()) {
-      if (item > 0) {
-        const auto length = uint32_t(item);
-        this->mark_(on_time, off_time, length);
-      } else {
-        const auto length = uint32_t(-item);
-        this->space_(length);
+    {
+      InterruptLock lock;
+      // Re-anchor every iteration: timing must never span a lock boundary, as micros() can
+      // jump when interrupts are re-enabled between repeats (e.g. LibreTiny's Beken micros()
+      // discards its interrupt-lock correction, stretching the repeat gap by the lock duration)
+      this->target_time_ = 0;
+      for (int32_t item : this->temp_.get_data()) {
+        if (item > 0) {
+          const auto length = uint32_t(item);
+          this->mark_(on_time, off_time, length);
+        } else {
+          const auto length = uint32_t(-item);
+          this->space_(length);
+        }
+        App.feed_wdt();
       }
-      App.feed_wdt();
+      this->await_target_time_();  // wait for duration of last pulse
+      this->pin_->digital_write(false);
     }
-    this->await_target_time_();  // wait for duration of last pulse
-    this->pin_->digital_write(false);
 
-    if (i + 1 < send_times)
-      this->target_time_ += send_wait;
+    if (i + 1 < send_times) {
+      // Wait out the repeat gap with interrupts enabled: wait_time is unbounded user config
+      // (previously this spin ran inside the next iteration's lock, disabling interrupts for
+      // the whole gap). Anchoring after the lock release keeps it exact on all platforms.
+      const uint32_t gap_end = micros() + send_wait;
+      while ((int32_t) (gap_end - micros()) > 0) {
+        App.feed_wdt();
+      }
+    }
   }
   this->complete_trigger_.trigger();
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter.h b/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter.h
index e2d33d13cc..313b26364d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter.h
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter.h
@@ -12,6 +12,13 @@
 #endif  // SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED
 #endif  // USE_ESP32
 
+// The BK7231N-style PWM block (hardware shadow-load duty updates) enables the ISR-driven
+// transmitter on these families; family-level proxy for the SDK's CFG_SOC_NAME gate.
+// See remote_transmitter_bk72xx.cpp.
+#if defined(USE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_BK7231N) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_BK7238)
+#define REMOTE_TRANSMITTER_BK_PWM
+#endif
+
 namespace esphome::remote_transmitter {
 
 #if defined(USE_ESP32) && SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED
@@ -56,23 +63,80 @@ class RemoteTransmitterComponent final : public remote_base::RemoteTransmitterBa
 #if defined(USE_ESP32) && SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED
   void set_with_dma(bool with_dma) { this->with_dma_ = with_dma; }
   void set_eot_level(bool eot_level) { this->eot_level_ = eot_level; }
+#endif
+#if (defined(USE_ESP32) && SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_RTL8720C) || \
+    defined(REMOTE_TRANSMITTER_BK_PWM)
   void set_non_blocking(bool non_blocking) { this->non_blocking_ = non_blocking; }
 #endif
+#if defined(USE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_RTL8720C) || defined(REMOTE_TRANSMITTER_BK_PWM)
+  void loop() override;
+  // called from the envelope timer ISR trampoline; not part of the public API
+  void advance_envelope_isr();
+  // same, for trampolines whose SDK callback carries no user argument
+  static void advance_active_isr();
+#endif
 
   Trigger<> *get_transmit_trigger() { return &this->transmit_trigger_; }
   Trigger<> *get_complete_trigger() { return &this->complete_trigger_; }
 
  protected:
   void send_internal(uint32_t send_times, uint32_t send_wait) override;
-#if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_RP2) || (defined(USE_ESP32) && !SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED)
+#if defined(USE_ESP8266) || \
+    (defined(USE_LIBRETINY) && !defined(USE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_RTL8720C) && !defined(REMOTE_TRANSMITTER_BK_PWM)) || \
+    defined(USE_RP2) || (defined(USE_ESP32) && !SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED)
+  void await_target_time_();
+  uint32_t target_time_{0};
+#endif
+#if defined(USE_ESP8266) || \
+    (defined(USE_LIBRETINY) && !defined(USE_RTL87XX) && !defined(REMOTE_TRANSMITTER_BK_PWM)) || defined(USE_RP2) || \
+    (defined(USE_ESP32) && !SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED)
   void calculate_on_off_time_(uint32_t carrier_frequency, uint32_t *on_time_period, uint32_t *off_time_period);
 
   void mark_(uint32_t on_time, uint32_t off_time, uint32_t usec);
 
   void space_(uint32_t usec);
-
-  void await_target_time_();
-  uint32_t target_time_;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_RTL87XX
+  // Carrier frequency the PWM is currently configured for; 0 = not yet configured
+  uint32_t current_carrier_frequency_{0};
+  void *pwm_{nullptr};  // pwmout_t*, opaque here to keep the SDK header out of this shared header
+#endif
+#if defined(USE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_RTL8720C) || defined(REMOTE_TRANSMITTER_BK_PWM)
+  // Envelope chain, shared by every family that paces transmission from a hardware timer
+  // (remote_transmitter_libretiny_isr.cpp)
+  void start_isr_item_(size_t index);
+  void arm_envelope_timer_(uint32_t duration_us);
+  void abort_stalled_chain_();
+  void deliver_completion_();
+  void wait_until_idle_();
+  void arm_chain_(uint32_t send_times, uint32_t send_wait);
+  // Hooks implemented per family: everything the chain needs from the hardware
+  bool envelope_ready_() const;                       // PWM claimed successfully in setup()
+  void prepare_carrier_(uint32_t carrier_frequency);  // retune period, stage mark/space levels
+  void write_envelope_level_(bool mark);              // drive carrier (mark) or idle (space)
+  void arm_one_shot_(uint32_t duration_us);           // fire advance_envelope_isr after duration_us
+  void stop_envelope_timer_();
+  std::vector<int32_t> isr_data_;  // owned copy of the frame; temp_ may be re-encoded mid-flight
+  volatile size_t isr_index_{0};
+  volatile uint32_t isr_repeats_left_{0};
+  uint32_t isr_send_wait_{0};
+  volatile uint32_t isr_wait_remaining_{0};  // remainder of a duration chained across one-shots
+  volatile bool isr_in_gap_{false};
+  volatile bool transmitting_{false};
+  bool non_blocking_{false};
+  bool complete_pending_{false};
+  bool stall_aborted_{false};  // this transmission ended via abort; blocks warning clear
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_RTL8720C
+  float isr_mark_duty_{0.0f};
+  float isr_space_duty_{0.0f};
+#endif
+#ifdef REMOTE_TRANSMITTER_BK_PWM
+  void write_pwm_t1_(uint32_t t1_counts);
+  uint32_t isr_mark_t1_{0};
+  uint32_t isr_space_t1_{0};
+  uint32_t isr_period_t4_{684};  // 26MHz counts; ~38kHz default until a send sets the real carrier
+  int8_t pwm_channel_{-1};
 #endif
 
 #if defined(USE_ESP32) && SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter_bk72xx.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter_bk72xx.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0081ae47b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter_bk72xx.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+#include "remote_transmitter.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+// clang-tidy cannot parse the Beken SDK headers pulled in via ArduinoPrivate.h
+#if defined(USE_BK72XX) && !defined(CLANG_TIDY)
+
+// ArduinoPrivate.h = Arduino.h + the BDK SDK headers (pwm_pub.h, bk_timer_pub.h, icu_pub.h)
+// with the core's fixes for type-name collisions between the two
+#include <ArduinoPrivate.h>
+
+// Only the BK7231N-style PWM block (shadow registers with a hardware CFG_UPDATA load bit)
+// supports glitch-free per-edge duty updates; older SoCs compile the generic bit-bang
+// implementation (remote_transmitter.cpp) instead, and this file compiles to nothing.
+// REMOTE_TRANSMITTER_BK_PWM is set per-family in remote_transmitter.h.
+
+namespace esphome::remote_transmitter {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "remote_transmitter";
+
+#ifdef REMOTE_TRANSMITTER_BK_PWM
+
+// PWM peripheral carrier (26MHz block), envelope paced by a BKTIMER1 interrupt chain: each
+// interrupt writes the next duty through the shadow registers (T1..T4 + CFG_UPDATA hardware
+// load, glitch-free at the next carrier period). Direct register writes beat the driver's
+// pwm_update_param() (~19us vs ~26us edge error) and have no shared state to race against.
+// BKTIMER1 is the only free channel: TIMER0 = FreeRTOS tick, TIMER2 = SDK cal, TIMER4 = wdt.
+
+static constexpr uint32_t REG_PWM_BASE = 0x00802B00UL;
+static constexpr uint32_t REG_PWM_GROUP_STRIDE = 0x40;       // one register group per channel pair
+static constexpr uint32_t REG_PWM_T_REGS[2] = {0x04, 0x14};  // T1..T4 offsets within a group
+static constexpr uint32_t PWM_INT_STATUS_MASK = 3UL << 30;   // write-1-clear -- always write as zero
+static constexpr uint8_t ENVELOPE_TIMER = BKTIMER1;
+
+// The bk_timer handler receives only the channel number, so the chain resolves the instance
+// that owns the timer. No IRAM_ATTR: hal.h makes it a no-op on BK72xx (the SDK masks IRQs
+// around flash writes).
+static void envelope_timer_isr(UINT8 channel) { RemoteTransmitterComponent::advance_active_isr(); }
+
+// Channel <-> pin comes from the board variant's own PIN_PWMn defines rather than a
+// family-wide assumption, so an unusual pinout maps correctly instead of silently
+// driving another pad
+struct PwmPinChannel {
+  uint8_t pin;
+  int8_t channel;
+};
+static constexpr PwmPinChannel PWM_PIN_CHANNELS[] = {
+#ifdef PIN_PWM0
+    {PIN_PWM0, 0},
+#endif
+#ifdef PIN_PWM1
+    {PIN_PWM1, 1},
+#endif
+#ifdef PIN_PWM2
+    {PIN_PWM2, 2},
+#endif
+#ifdef PIN_PWM3
+    {PIN_PWM3, 3},
+#endif
+#ifdef PIN_PWM4
+    {PIN_PWM4, 4},
+#endif
+#ifdef PIN_PWM5
+    {PIN_PWM5, 5},
+#endif
+};
+
+static int8_t pwm_channel_for_pin(uint8_t pin) {
+  for (const auto &entry : PWM_PIN_CHANNELS) {
+    if (entry.pin == pin)
+      return entry.channel;
+  }
+  return -1;
+}
+
+void RemoteTransmitterComponent::setup() {
+  // Deliberately no pin_->setup(): the pin must belong to the PWM function, not GPIO
+  const int8_t channel = pwm_channel_for_pin(this->pin_->get_pin());
+  if (channel < 0) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Pin %u is not PWM-capable", this->pin_->get_pin());
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return;
+  }
+  this->pwm_channel_ = channel;
+  const uint32_t idle_t1 = this->pin_->is_inverted() ? this->isr_period_t4_ : 0;
+  pwm_param_st param{};
+  param.chan = channel;
+  param.t1 = idle_t1;
+  param.t4 = this->isr_period_t4_;
+  param.init_level = idle_t1 ? 1 : 0;
+  if (pwm_init_param(&param) != 0 || pwm_start(channel) != 0) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "PWM init failed on pin %u", this->pin_->get_pin());
+    this->pwm_channel_ = -1;
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return;
+  }
+  this->disable_loop();  // loop() is only needed while a non-blocking completion is pending
+}
+
+void RemoteTransmitterComponent::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "Remote Transmitter:\n"
+                "  Carrier Duty: %u%%\n"
+                "  Non-blocking: %s",
+                this->carrier_duty_percent_, YESNO(this->non_blocking_));
+  LOG_PIN("  Pin: ", this->pin_);
+}
+
+// Writes the duty compare registers and sets the hardware CFG_UPDATA shadow-load bit;
+// the new duty latches glitch-free at the next carrier period. ISR-safe: registers only.
+// The group control word is shared with the paired channel, but every SDK write to it runs
+// under GLOBAL_INT_DISABLE (bk_pwm), so it cannot be torn by this interrupt.
+void RemoteTransmitterComponent::write_pwm_t1_(uint32_t t1_counts) {
+  const uint32_t group = this->pwm_channel_ / 2;
+  const uint32_t post = this->pwm_channel_ % 2;
+  const uint32_t group_base = REG_PWM_BASE + REG_PWM_GROUP_STRIDE * group;
+  auto *t_regs = (volatile uint32_t *) (group_base + REG_PWM_T_REGS[post]);
+  auto *ctrl = (volatile uint32_t *) group_base;
+  const uint32_t init_level_bit = 1UL << (8 * post + 6);  // output level while the counter is stopped
+  const uint32_t cfg_updata_bit = 1UL << (8 * post + 7);  // 0->1 latches T1..T4 at the next period
+  t_regs[0] = t1_counts;                                  // T1: high time
+  t_regs[1] = 0;                                          // T2
+  t_regs[2] = 0;                                          // T3
+  t_regs[3] = this->isr_period_t4_;                       // T4: period
+  uint32_t cfg = *ctrl;
+  cfg &= ~(PWM_INT_STATUS_MASK | init_level_bit | cfg_updata_bit);
+  if (t1_counts != 0)
+    cfg |= init_level_bit;
+  *ctrl = cfg;
+  *ctrl = cfg | cfg_updata_bit;
+}
+
+// --- envelope chain hooks (see remote_transmitter_libretiny_isr.cpp) ---
+
+bool RemoteTransmitterComponent::envelope_ready_() const { return this->pwm_channel_ >= 0; }
+
+// Recomputes the carrier period in 26MHz counts and stages the per-item duties;
+// unmodulated protocols drive the pin constantly during marks
+void RemoteTransmitterComponent::prepare_carrier_(uint32_t carrier_frequency) {
+  if (carrier_frequency > 0) {
+    this->isr_period_t4_ = std::max(uint32_t(2), (26000000UL + carrier_frequency / 2) / carrier_frequency);
+  }
+  uint32_t mark_t1 = (carrier_frequency > 0 && this->carrier_duty_percent_ < 100)
+                         ? std::max(uint32_t(1), this->isr_period_t4_ * this->carrier_duty_percent_ / 100)
+                         : this->isr_period_t4_;
+  uint32_t space_t1 = 0;
+  if (this->pin_->is_inverted()) {
+    mark_t1 = this->isr_period_t4_ - mark_t1;
+    space_t1 = this->isr_period_t4_;
+  }
+  this->isr_mark_t1_ = mark_t1;
+  this->isr_space_t1_ = space_t1;
+}
+
+void RemoteTransmitterComponent::write_envelope_level_(bool mark) {
+  this->write_pwm_t1_(mark ? this->isr_mark_t1_ : this->isr_space_t1_);
+}
+
+// The driver's microsecond init path is register writes under a nested interrupt guard,
+// so it is safe to call from the chain's own interrupt
+void RemoteTransmitterComponent::arm_one_shot_(uint32_t duration_us) {
+  timer_param_t param{};
+  param.channel = ENVELOPE_TIMER;
+  param.div = 1;
+  param.period = duration_us;
+  param.t_Int_Handler = envelope_timer_isr;
+  sddev_control((char *) TIMER_DEV_NAME, CMD_TIMER_INIT_PARAM_US, &param);
+}
+
+void RemoteTransmitterComponent::stop_envelope_timer_() {
+  UINT32 channel = ENVELOPE_TIMER;
+  sddev_control((char *) TIMER_DEV_NAME, CMD_TIMER_UNIT_DISABLE, &channel);
+}
+
+void RemoteTransmitterComponent::digital_write(bool value) {
+  if (this->pwm_channel_ < 0)
+    return;
+  // serialize behind an in-flight chain, matching the ESP32/RMT non-blocking behavior
+  this->wait_until_idle_();
+  this->write_pwm_t1_((value != this->pin_->is_inverted()) ? this->isr_period_t4_ : 0);
+}
+
+#endif  // REMOTE_TRANSMITTER_BK_PWM
+
+}  // namespace esphome::remote_transmitter
+
+#endif  // USE_BK72XX && !CLANG_TIDY
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter_libretiny_isr.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter_libretiny_isr.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..003cdfa986
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter_libretiny_isr.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+#include "remote_transmitter.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+// Envelope chain shared by the LibreTiny families that pace transmission from a hardware
+// timer interrupt: RTL8720C (gtimer) and the BK7231N-style PWM block (BKTIMER1). Everything
+// platform-specific sits behind five hooks implemented in the per-family files -- carrier
+// setup, duty writes, one-shot arming and timer stop. Families without a usable timer keep
+// the generic bit-bang implementation and compile none of this.
+#if defined(USE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_RTL8720C) || defined(REMOTE_TRANSMITTER_BK_PWM)
+
+namespace esphome::remote_transmitter {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "remote_transmitter";
+
+// Margin past a transmission's expected duration before the chain is declared stalled
+static constexpr uint32_t STALL_MARGIN_MS = 1000;
+// Longest single one-shot armed; longer durations are chained. Both families need the cap:
+// the Beken driver computes period_us * 26 in 32 bits (overflows past ~165s) and the Realtek
+// us->tick conversion lives in mask ROM with unverified headroom.
+static constexpr uint32_t MAX_ONE_SHOT_US = 50000;
+
+// One hardware timer is shared by all instances (MULTI_CONF), so they serialize on this
+// token; the deadline always describes whichever chain currently owns it.
+// NOLINTBEGIN(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+static RemoteTransmitterComponent *volatile s_active_transmitter = nullptr;
+static uint32_t s_expected_end_ms = 0;
+// NOLINTEND(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+
+// Entry point for trampolines whose SDK callback carries no user argument
+void IRAM_ATTR RemoteTransmitterComponent::advance_active_isr() {
+  auto *transmitter = s_active_transmitter;
+  if (transmitter != nullptr)
+    transmitter->advance_envelope_isr();
+}
+
+// Arms the envelope timer, chaining durations longer than MAX_ONE_SHOT_US. ISR-safe.
+void IRAM_ATTR RemoteTransmitterComponent::arm_envelope_timer_(uint32_t duration_us) {
+  // clamp to 1us (a zero-length one-shot never fires); the remainder must not underflow
+  const uint32_t chunk = std::max(uint32_t(1), std::min(duration_us, MAX_ONE_SHOT_US));
+  this->isr_wait_remaining_ = duration_us > chunk ? duration_us - chunk : 0;
+  this->arm_one_shot_(chunk);
+}
+
+// Writes the level for one envelope item and arms the timer for its duration.
+// Runs in ISR context (and once from arm_chain_ to kick the chain): no logging, no allocation.
+void IRAM_ATTR RemoteTransmitterComponent::start_isr_item_(size_t index) {
+  const int32_t item = this->isr_data_[index];
+  this->write_envelope_level_(item > 0);
+  this->arm_envelope_timer_(uint32_t(item > 0 ? item : -item));
+}
+
+void IRAM_ATTR RemoteTransmitterComponent::advance_envelope_isr() {
+  if (!this->transmitting_)
+    return;  // chain was aborted; this is a stale one-shot that was already latched
+  if (this->isr_wait_remaining_ > 0) {
+    // continue a duration longer than one hardware one-shot
+    this->arm_envelope_timer_(this->isr_wait_remaining_);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (this->isr_in_gap_) {
+    // inter-repeat gap elapsed; restart the item chain
+    this->isr_in_gap_ = false;
+    this->isr_index_ = 0;
+    this->start_isr_item_(0);
+    return;
+  }
+  this->isr_index_ = this->isr_index_ + 1;
+  if (this->isr_index_ < this->isr_data_.size()) {
+    this->start_isr_item_(this->isr_index_);
+    return;
+  }
+  // end of one repetition
+  this->write_envelope_level_(false);
+  if (this->isr_repeats_left_ > 1) {
+    this->isr_repeats_left_ = this->isr_repeats_left_ - 1;
+    this->isr_index_ = 0;
+    if (this->isr_send_wait_ > 0) {
+      this->isr_in_gap_ = true;
+      this->arm_envelope_timer_(this->isr_send_wait_);
+    } else {
+      this->start_isr_item_(0);
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+  // required on Beken (its timer reloads); on Realtek this only clears the enable bit of a
+  // one-shot that has already fired
+  this->stop_envelope_timer_();
+  this->transmitting_ = false;
+  s_active_transmitter = nullptr;
+}
+
+// Aborts a chain that stopped advancing: stop the timer, idle the pin, release the token.
+// Every step is a no-op if the chain completed meanwhile. Task context only.
+void RemoteTransmitterComponent::abort_stalled_chain_() {
+  // cleared first so a straggler one-shot bails at the ISR entry check
+  this->transmitting_ = false;
+  this->stop_envelope_timer_();
+  this->write_envelope_level_(false);
+  s_active_transmitter = nullptr;
+  this->stall_aborted_ = true;
+  this->status_set_warning("envelope timer stalled");
+  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Envelope timer stalled; transmission aborted");
+  delay(1);  // let any already-latched interrupt land while the chain state is safe
+}
+
+// Delivers one deferred completion with its status bookkeeping
+void RemoteTransmitterComponent::deliver_completion_() {
+  if (!this->stall_aborted_)
+    this->status_clear_warning();
+  this->complete_pending_ = false;
+  this->complete_trigger_.trigger();
+}
+
+// Waits until no chain is in flight, delivering any deferred completions; a completion
+// automation may start a new send, so repeat until truly idle. Bounded by the stall deadline.
+void RemoteTransmitterComponent::wait_until_idle_() {
+  while (true) {
+    while (true) {
+      // snapshot: the final ISR can clear the volatile pointer between a check and a use
+      auto *active = s_active_transmitter;
+      if (active == nullptr)
+        break;
+      if ((int32_t) (millis() - s_expected_end_ms) > 0) {
+        active->abort_stalled_chain_();
+        break;
+      }
+      App.feed_wdt();
+      delay(1);
+    }
+    if (!this->complete_pending_)
+      break;
+    this->deliver_completion_();
+  }
+}
+
+// Stages the repeat schedule and stall deadline, then starts the interrupt chain
+void RemoteTransmitterComponent::arm_chain_(uint32_t send_times, uint32_t send_wait) {
+  this->isr_repeats_left_ = send_times;
+  this->isr_send_wait_ = send_wait;
+  this->isr_index_ = 0;
+  this->isr_in_gap_ = false;
+  this->stall_aborted_ = false;
+  uint64_t frame_us = 0;
+  for (int32_t item : this->isr_data_)
+    frame_us += uint32_t(item > 0 ? item : -item);
+  const uint64_t total_us = frame_us * send_times + uint64_t(send_wait) * (send_times - 1);
+  s_expected_end_ms = millis() + uint32_t(total_us / 1000) + STALL_MARGIN_MS;
+  this->transmitting_ = true;
+  s_active_transmitter = this;
+  this->start_isr_item_(0);
+}
+
+void RemoteTransmitterComponent::send_internal(uint32_t send_times, uint32_t send_wait) {
+  if (!this->envelope_ready_()) {
+    // both triggers still fire, so an on_complete-sequenced automation does not stall
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Cannot send: PWM not initialized");
+    this->transmit_trigger_.trigger();
+    this->deliver_completion_();
+    return;
+  }
+  this->wait_until_idle_();
+  if (send_times == 0) {
+    // parity with the loop-based implementations: transmit nothing, but both triggers
+    // still fire so an on_complete-sequenced automation does not stall
+    this->transmit_trigger_.trigger();
+    this->deliver_completion_();
+    return;
+  }
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Sending remote code");
+  this->prepare_carrier_(this->temp_.get_carrier_frequency());
+  // own copy: with non_blocking the caller may re-encode temp_ while this frame is in flight
+  this->isr_data_.assign(this->temp_.get_data().begin(), this->temp_.get_data().end());
+  if (this->isr_data_.empty()) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Empty data");
+    this->transmit_trigger_.trigger();
+    this->deliver_completion_();
+    return;
+  }
+  // trigger first: the deadline computed in arm_chain_ must not be charged for user code
+  this->transmit_trigger_.trigger();
+  // the automation may have started a send on another instance; let it finish before
+  // claiming the shared timer (a same-instance send remains unsupported here)
+  this->wait_until_idle_();
+  this->arm_chain_(send_times, send_wait);
+  if (this->non_blocking_) {
+    this->complete_pending_ = true;
+    this->enable_loop();
+    return;
+  }
+  // blocking mode: wait out the chain, bounded by the stall deadline
+  while (this->transmitting_) {
+    if ((int32_t) (millis() - s_expected_end_ms) > 0) {
+      this->abort_stalled_chain_();
+      break;
+    }
+    App.feed_wdt();
+    delay(1);
+  }
+  this->deliver_completion_();
+}
+
+void RemoteTransmitterComponent::loop() {
+  if (!this->complete_pending_) {
+    this->disable_loop();
+    return;
+  }
+  if (this->transmitting_) {
+    // non-blocking stall recovery: without this, a dead chain would leave the carrier
+    // driven and on_complete unfired until the next send happened to abort it
+    if ((int32_t) (millis() - s_expected_end_ms) <= 0)
+      return;
+    this->abort_stalled_chain_();
+  }
+  // release the loop before user code runs: the automation may start a new non-blocking
+  // send, and its enable_loop() must be the last writer or its completion would strand
+  this->disable_loop();
+  this->deliver_completion_();
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::remote_transmitter
+
+#endif  // USE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_RTL8720C || REMOTE_TRANSMITTER_BK_PWM
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter_rtl87xx.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter_rtl87xx.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6db9faac36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter_rtl87xx.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+#include "remote_transmitter.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+// clang-tidy cannot parse the Realtek SDK headers pulled in via ArduinoPrivate.h
+#if defined(USE_RTL87XX) && !defined(CLANG_TIDY)
+
+// ArduinoPrivate.h = Arduino.h + the SDK's mbed HAL (pwmout, gtimer) with the core's fixes for
+// type-name collisions between the two (e.g. PinMode)
+#include <ArduinoPrivate.h>
+#ifndef USE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_RTL8720C
+#include <FreeRTOS.h>
+#include <task.h>
+#endif
+
+namespace esphome::remote_transmitter {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "remote_transmitter";
+
+// PWM peripheral carrier, envelope paced by a gtimer interrupt chain. Bit-banging would need
+// interrupts disabled for the whole frame, but this core's micros() derives from the FreeRTOS
+// tick and freezes then. The SDK pwmout HAL is driven directly: the Arduino wiring layer's
+// GPIO/PWM mode round-trip use-after-frees LibreTiny's per-pin state.
+
+#ifdef USE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_RTL8720C
+static constexpr uint32_t ENVELOPE_TIMER_ID = TIMER6;  // GTimer7
+
+// One envelope timer for all instances: a second gtimer_init on the same id fails silently,
+// so the chain serializes them (remote_transmitter_libretiny_isr.cpp)
+// NOLINTBEGIN(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+static uint8_t s_pwm_tick_sources[] = {GTimer1, GTimer2, GTimer3, GTimer4, GTimer5, GTimer6, 0xff};
+static gtimer_t s_envelope_timer;
+static bool s_envelope_timer_ready = false;
+// NOLINTEND(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+
+static void IRAM_ATTR envelope_timer_isr(uint32_t arg) {
+  reinterpret_cast<RemoteTransmitterComponent *>(arg)->advance_envelope_isr();
+}
+#endif  // USE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_RTL8720C
+
+void RemoteTransmitterComponent::setup() {
+  // no pin_->setup(): a GPIO claim in the SDK's pin management blocks pwmout_init from
+  // owning the pad
+  PinInfo *info = pinInfo(this->pin_->get_pin());
+  if (info == nullptr || !pinSupported(info, PIN_PWM)) {
+    // checked here because the AmebaZ (RTL8710B) SDK does not report PWM init failure
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Pin %u is not PWM-capable", this->pin_->get_pin());
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return;
+  }
+  auto *pwm = new pwmout_t();
+  this->pwm_ = pwm;
+  pwmout_init(pwm, static_cast<PinName>(info->gpio));
+#ifdef USE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_RTL8720C
+  // only the AmebaZ2 SDK's pwmout_s reports init success
+  if (!pwm->is_init) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "PWM init failed on pin %u", this->pin_->get_pin());
+    delete pwm;
+    this->pwm_ = nullptr;
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return;
+  }
+  // Shrink the PWM tick-source pool before the period claim below so GTimer7 stays free
+  // for the envelope; pwmout_init just registered the full pool.
+  hal_pwm_comm_tick_source_list(s_pwm_tick_sources);
+#endif
+  pwmout_period_us(pwm, 26);  // placeholder; the real carrier period is set per transmission
+  pwmout_write(pwm, this->pin_->is_inverted() ? 1.0f : 0.0f);
+#ifdef USE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_RTL8720C
+  if (!s_envelope_timer_ready) {
+    gtimer_init(&s_envelope_timer, ENVELOPE_TIMER_ID);
+    s_envelope_timer_ready = true;
+  }
+  this->disable_loop();  // loop() is only needed while a non-blocking completion is pending
+#endif
+}
+
+void RemoteTransmitterComponent::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "Remote Transmitter:\n"
+                "  Carrier Duty: %u%%",
+                this->carrier_duty_percent_);
+#ifdef USE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_RTL8720C
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Non-blocking: %s", YESNO(this->non_blocking_));
+#endif
+  LOG_PIN("  Pin: ", this->pin_);
+}
+
+void RemoteTransmitterComponent::digital_write(bool value) {
+  if (this->pwm_ == nullptr)
+    return;
+#ifdef USE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_RTL8720C
+  // serialize behind an in-flight chain, matching the ESP32/RMT non-blocking behavior
+  this->wait_until_idle_();
+#endif
+  pwmout_write(static_cast<pwmout_t *>(this->pwm_), (value != this->pin_->is_inverted()) ? 1.0f : 0.0f);
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_RTL8720C
+// --- envelope chain hooks (see remote_transmitter_libretiny_isr.cpp) ---
+
+bool RemoteTransmitterComponent::envelope_ready_() const { return this->pwm_ != nullptr; }
+
+// Retunes the PWM period when the carrier changes and stages the per-item duties;
+// unmodulated protocols (no carrier or 100% duty) drive the pin constantly during marks
+void RemoteTransmitterComponent::prepare_carrier_(uint32_t carrier_frequency) {
+  float mark_duty =
+      (carrier_frequency > 0 && this->carrier_duty_percent_ < 100) ? this->carrier_duty_percent_ / 100.0f : 1.0f;
+  float space_duty = 0.0f;
+  if (this->pin_->is_inverted()) {
+    mark_duty = 1.0f - mark_duty;
+    space_duty = 1.0f;
+  }
+  this->isr_mark_duty_ = mark_duty;
+  this->isr_space_duty_ = space_duty;
+  if (carrier_frequency == 0 || carrier_frequency == this->current_carrier_frequency_)
+    return;
+  // round(1000000/freq), clamped so a bad lambda can't hand the SDK a zero period
+  const uint32_t period = std::max(uint32_t(1), (1000000UL + carrier_frequency / 2) / carrier_frequency);
+  pwmout_period_us(static_cast<pwmout_t *>(this->pwm_), period);
+  this->current_carrier_frequency_ = carrier_frequency;
+}
+
+void IRAM_ATTR RemoteTransmitterComponent::write_envelope_level_(bool mark) {
+  pwmout_write(static_cast<pwmout_t *>(this->pwm_), mark ? this->isr_mark_duty_ : this->isr_space_duty_);
+}
+
+void IRAM_ATTR RemoteTransmitterComponent::arm_one_shot_(uint32_t duration_us) {
+  gtimer_start_one_shout(&s_envelope_timer, duration_us, (void *) envelope_timer_isr, (uint32_t) this);
+}
+
+void IRAM_ATTR RemoteTransmitterComponent::stop_envelope_timer_() { gtimer_stop(&s_envelope_timer); }
+
+#else  // !USE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_RTL8720C -- AmebaZ (RTL8710B): spin-based envelope, per-frame priority boost
+
+void RemoteTransmitterComponent::await_target_time_() {
+  const uint32_t current_time = micros();
+  if (this->target_time_ == 0) {
+    this->target_time_ = current_time;
+  } else {
+    while ((int32_t) (this->target_time_ - micros()) > 0) {
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void RemoteTransmitterComponent::send_internal(uint32_t send_times, uint32_t send_wait) {
+  if (this->pwm_ == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Cannot send: PWM not initialized");
+    return;
+  }
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Sending remote code");
+  const uint32_t carrier_frequency = this->temp_.get_carrier_frequency();
+  // unmodulated protocols (no carrier or 100% duty) drive the pin constantly during marks
+  float mark_duty =
+      (carrier_frequency > 0 && this->carrier_duty_percent_ < 100) ? this->carrier_duty_percent_ / 100.0f : 1.0f;
+  float space_duty = 0.0f;
+  if (this->pin_->is_inverted()) {
+    mark_duty = 1.0f - mark_duty;
+    space_duty = 1.0f;
+  }
+  auto *pwm = static_cast<pwmout_t *>(this->pwm_);
+  if (carrier_frequency > 0 && carrier_frequency != this->current_carrier_frequency_) {
+    // round(1000000/freq), clamped like the bit-bang path so a bad lambda can't hand the SDK a zero period
+    const uint32_t period = std::max(uint32_t(1), (1000000UL + carrier_frequency / 2) / carrier_frequency);
+    pwmout_period_us(pwm, period);
+    this->current_carrier_frequency_ = carrier_frequency;
+  }
+  this->transmit_trigger_.trigger();
+  const UBaseType_t saved_priority = uxTaskPriorityGet(nullptr);
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < send_times; i++) {
+    // Boost task priority for the frame only, so WiFi/lwIP tasks can't preempt mid-frame and
+    // merge adjacent marks. Interrupts stay enabled: micros() needs the FreeRTOS tick, and
+    // ISR latency is within receiver tolerance.
+    vTaskPrioritySet(nullptr, configMAX_PRIORITIES - 1);
+    // Re-anchor every iteration: a late exit from the normal-priority gap wait must not
+    // leave the schedule behind micros(), which would compress the next frame's leading items
+    this->target_time_ = 0;
+    for (int32_t item : this->temp_.get_data()) {
+      const bool is_mark = item > 0;
+      this->await_target_time_();
+      pwmout_write(pwm, is_mark ? mark_duty : space_duty);
+      this->target_time_ += is_mark ? uint32_t(item) : uint32_t(-item);
+      App.feed_wdt();
+    }
+    this->await_target_time_();  // wait for duration of last pulse
+    pwmout_write(pwm, space_duty);
+    vTaskPrioritySet(nullptr, saved_priority);
+    if (i + 1 < send_times) {
+      // The repeat gap is user-configurable and unbounded, so wait it out at normal
+      // priority, feeding the watchdog
+      const uint32_t gap_end = micros() + send_wait;
+      while ((int32_t) (gap_end - micros()) > 0) {
+        App.feed_wdt();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  this->complete_trigger_.trigger();
+}
+
+#endif  // USE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_RTL8720C
+
+}  // namespace esphome::remote_transmitter
+
+#endif  // USE_RTL87XX && !CLANG_TIDY
diff --git a/esphome/components/resampler/speaker/__init__.py b/esphome/components/resampler/speaker/__init__.py
index ea080adc6b..7de468cb50 100644
--- a/esphome/components/resampler/speaker/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/resampler/speaker/__init__.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import audio, psram, speaker
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
@@ -13,6 +15,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     PLATFORM_ESP32,
 )
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["audio"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kahrendt"]
@@ -27,7 +30,7 @@ CONF_TAPS = "taps"
 PASSTHROUGH = "passthrough"
 
 
-def _set_stream_limits(config):
+def _set_stream_limits(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     audio.set_stream_limits(
         min_bits_per_sample=16,
         max_bits_per_sample=32,
@@ -36,7 +39,7 @@ def _set_stream_limits(config):
     return config
 
 
-def _validate_audio_compatibility(config):
+def _validate_audio_compatibility(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     inherit_property_from(CONF_NUM_CHANNELS, CONF_OUTPUT_SPEAKER)(config)
     inherit_property_from(CONF_SAMPLE_RATE, CONF_OUTPUT_SPEAKER)(config)
 
@@ -57,7 +60,7 @@ def _validate_audio_compatibility(config):
     )(config)
 
 
-def _validate_taps(taps):
+def _validate_taps(taps: Any) -> int:
     value = cv.int_range(min=16, max=128)(taps)
     if value % 4 != 0:
         raise cv.Invalid("Number of taps must be divisible by 4")
@@ -88,7 +91,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _validate_audio_compatibility
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await speaker.register_speaker(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/resistance/resistance_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/resistance/resistance_sensor.cpp
index 6056509093..7522d026a4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/resistance/resistance_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/resistance/resistance_sensor.cpp
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ void ResistanceSensor::dump_config() {
                 "  Configuration: %s\n"
                 "  Resistor: %.2fΩ\n"
                 "  Reference Voltage: %.1fV",
-                this->configuration_ == UPSTREAM ? "UPSTREAM" : "DOWNSTREAM", this->resistor_,
-                this->reference_voltage_);
+                this->configuration_ == UPSTREAM ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("UPSTREAM") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("DOWNSTREAM"),
+                this->resistor_, this->reference_voltage_);
 }
 void ResistanceSensor::process_(float value) {
   if (std::isnan(value)) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/resistance/sensor.py b/esphome/components/resistance/sensor.py
index 1cb3c6020c..1333375717 100644
--- a/esphome/components/resistance/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/resistance/sensor.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_OHM,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 resistance_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("resistance")
 ResistanceSensor = resistance_ns.class_("ResistanceSensor", cg.Component, sensor.Sensor)
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/restart/button/__init__.py b/esphome/components/restart/button/__init__.py
index 76757f7504..2648d1e85d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/restart/button/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/restart/button/__init__.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
     ICON_RESTART,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 restart_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("restart")
 RestartButton = restart_ns.class_("RestartButton", button.Button, cg.Component)
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = button.button_schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await button.register_button(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/restart/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/restart/switch/__init__.py
index e9283c9e41..9332716a9a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/restart/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/restart/switch/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import switch
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG, ICON_RESTART
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 restart_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("restart")
 RestartSwitch = restart_ns.class_("RestartSwitch", switch.Switch, cg.Component)
@@ -14,6 +15,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = switch.switch_schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await switch.new_switch(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/rgb/light.py b/esphome/components/rgb/light.py
index b6daaaaa3c..cd55329256 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rgb/light.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rgb/light.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import light, output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_BLUE, CONF_GREEN, CONF_OUTPUT_ID, CONF_RED
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 rgb_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("rgb")
 RGBLightOutput = rgb_ns.class_("RGBLightOutput", light.LightOutput)
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = light.RGB_LIGHT_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_OUTPUT_ID])
     await light.register_light(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/rgbct/light.py b/esphome/components/rgbct/light.py
index dcd14310e3..00626ec6ba 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rgbct/light.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rgbct/light.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_RED,
     CONF_WARM_WHITE_COLOR_TEMPERATURE,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
 
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_OUTPUT_ID])
     await light.register_light(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/rgbw/light.py b/esphome/components/rgbw/light.py
index 84425c23c2..7aedf4affc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rgbw/light.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rgbw/light.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_RED,
     CONF_WHITE,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 rgbw_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("rgbw")
 RGBWLightOutput = rgbw_ns.class_("RGBWLightOutput", light.LightOutput)
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = light.RGB_LIGHT_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_OUTPUT_ID])
     await light.register_light(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/rgbww/light.py b/esphome/components/rgbww/light.py
index 882ab0cdbc..3626a57b8c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rgbww/light.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rgbww/light.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_WARM_WHITE,
     CONF_WARM_WHITE_COLOR_TEMPERATURE,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 rgbww_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("rgbww")
 RGBWWLightOutput = rgbww_ns.class_("RGBWWLightOutput", light.LightOutput)
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_OUTPUT_ID])
     await light.register_light(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/rotary_encoder/rotary_encoder.cpp b/esphome/components/rotary_encoder/rotary_encoder.cpp
index 0831822d86..0734ca87d3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rotary_encoder/rotary_encoder.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/rotary_encoder/rotary_encoder.cpp
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ void RotaryEncoderSensor::loop() {
   }
 
   if (this->pin_i_ != nullptr && this->pin_i_->digital_read()) {
-    this->store_.counter = 0;
+    this->store_.counter = std::clamp<int32_t>(0, this->store_.min_value, this->store_.max_value);
   }
   int counter = this->store_.counter;
   if (this->store_.last_read != counter || this->publish_initial_value_) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/rotary_encoder/sensor.py b/esphome/components/rotary_encoder/sensor.py
index 0e5a03523d..72722ec4b1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rotary_encoder/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rotary_encoder/sensor.py
@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_STEPS,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 rotary_encoder_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("rotary_encoder")
 
@@ -44,7 +47,7 @@ RotaryEncoderSetValueAction = rotary_encoder_ns.class_(
 )
 
 
-def validate_min_max_value(config):
+def validate_min_max_value(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_MIN_VALUE in config and CONF_MAX_VALUE in config:
         min_val = config[CONF_MIN_VALUE]
         max_val = config[CONF_MAX_VALUE]
@@ -92,7 +95,7 @@ _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
@@ -126,7 +129,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def sensor_template_publish_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def sensor_template_publish_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_VALUE], args, cg.int_)
diff --git a/esphome/components/router/speaker/__init__.py b/esphome/components/router/speaker/__init__.py
index 2b2dc56433..18311416c3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/router/speaker/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/router/speaker/__init__.py
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # Validate every configured output speaker can accept the router's format.
     # Switching to an output that can't reproduce the format the producer is
     # already sending would otherwise fail silently at runtime.
@@ -76,7 +76,6 @@ def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
             channels=config[CONF_NUM_CHANNELS],
             sample_rate=config[CONF_SAMPLE_RATE],
         )(proxy)
-    return config
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2/__init__.py b/esphome/components/rp2/__init__.py
index 1bf01e6828..dae7df26c3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2/__init__.py
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ from esphome.core import (
 from esphome.core.config import BOARD_MAX_LENGTH
 from esphome.helpers import copy_file_if_changed, read_file, write_file_if_changed
 from esphome.platformio.toolchain import copy_ccache_script
+from esphome.storage_json import StorageJSON
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import boards
@@ -145,7 +146,7 @@ def only_on_variant(
     return validator_
 
 
-def get_download_types(storage_json):
+def get_download_types(storage_json: StorageJSON) -> list[dict[str, str]]:
     """Binary-download entries for a built RP2040 firmware.
 
     Used by device-builder (esphome/device-builder), via
@@ -156,6 +157,9 @@ def get_download_types(storage_json):
     the shape stable so the download panel
     doesn't have to special-case per-platform schemas.
     """
+    # No recorded firmware path means nothing was built; no downloads.
+    if storage_json.firmware_bin_path is None:
+        return []
     return [
         {
             "title": "UF2 factory format",
@@ -178,7 +182,7 @@ def _format_framework_arduino_version(ver: cv.Version) -> str:
     return f"https://github.com/earlephilhower/arduino-pico/releases/download/{ver}/rp2040-{ver}.zip"
 
 
-def _parse_platform_version(value):
+def _parse_platform_version(value: Any) -> str:
     value = cv.string(value)
     if value.startswith("http"):
         return value
@@ -202,7 +206,7 @@ RECOMMENDED_ARDUINO_FRAMEWORK_VERSION = cv.Version(6, 0, 0)
 RECOMMENDED_ARDUINO_PLATFORM_VERSION = "9c167c6b8aac4f4cfa6d55a0c4e5b848795150c0"
 
 
-def _arduino_check_versions(value):
+def _arduino_check_versions(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     value = value.copy()
     lookups = {
         "dev": (cv.Version(6, 0, 0), "https://github.com/earlephilhower/arduino-pico"),
@@ -308,12 +312,13 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     ),
     cv.has_at_least_one_key(CONF_BOARD, CONF_VARIANT),
     _detect_variant,
+    cv.require_platformio_toolchain("RP2"),
     set_core_data,
 )
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.PLATFORM)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add(rp2_ns.setup_preferences())
 
     # Allow LDF to properly discover dependency including those in preprocessor
@@ -351,6 +356,11 @@ async def to_code(config):
         ],
     )
 
+    # newlib-nano is the default libc for the arduino-pico toolchain and its
+    # printf silently drops %f unless _printf_float is force-linked. Components
+    # use %f widely in logging, so pull it in.
+    cg.add_build_flag("-Wl,-u,_printf_float")
+
     # Wrap FILE*-based printf functions to eliminate newlib's _vfprintf_r
     # (~9.2 KB). See printf_stubs.cpp for implementation.
     if config.get(CONF_ENABLE_FULL_PRINTF):
@@ -383,6 +393,74 @@ async def to_code(config):
     _configure_lwip()
 
 
+# --- lwIP sizing. See _configure_lwip() for the platform comparison table. ---
+
+# TCP_SND_BUF: 4×MSS=5,840 matches ESP32. Down from arduino-pico's 8×MSS.
+# ESPAsyncWebServer allocates malloc(tcp_sndbuf()) per response chunk.
+LWIP_TCP_SND_BUF = "(4*TCP_MSS)"
+
+# TCP_WND: receive window. 4×MSS matches ESP32. Down from arduino-pico's 8×MSS.
+LWIP_TCP_WND = "(4*TCP_MSS)"
+
+# TCP_SND_QUEUELEN: max pbufs queued per PCB for the send buffer
+# ESP-IDF formula: (4 * TCP_SND_BUF + (TCP_MSS - 1)) / TCP_MSS
+# With 4×MSS: (4*5840 + 1459) / 1460 = 17 — match ESP32
+LWIP_TCP_SND_QUEUELEN = 17
+
+# MEMP_NUM_TCP_SEG: pool shared by every PCB, so it must not be the per-PCB
+# queue length — lwIP's sanity check only demands >=, the floor for a single
+# connection. 2× lets two PCBs fill up before the rest see ERR_MEM. Measured
+# at 20 bytes per entry, so under 700 bytes total.
+LWIP_MEMP_NUM_TCP_SEG = 2 * LWIP_TCP_SND_QUEUELEN
+
+# PBUF_POOL_SIZE: RP2040 has 264KB RAM, more generous than LibreTiny.
+# 16 matches ESP32 (vs arduino-pico's 24). Receive side only; the send path
+# copies into PBUF_RAM out of MEM_SIZE.
+LWIP_PBUF_POOL_SIZE = 16
+
+# MEM_SIZE: lwIP heap backing PBUF_RAM, where tcp_write() copies outgoing
+# data. TCP_OVERSIZE defaults to TCP_MSS, so each queued segment takes a full
+# MSS block whatever was written (pbuf 16 + PBUF_TRANSPORT 54 + MSS 1460 +
+# block header ≈ 1.5KB); a PCB at a full TCP_SND_BUF holds four, ~6KB.
+#
+# Two of those is ~12KB of arduino-pico's 16KB heap and already fails: mem.c
+# is first-fit, so a *contiguous* 1.5KB block must be free, and at 75%
+# occupancy interleaved with ARP/DHCP/DNS/mDNS the largest run collapses well
+# before the total does — hence the intermittent failures. With rp2's
+# max_connections of 4, a third sender has nothing left.
+#
+# 32KB is arduino-pico's own next tier (__LWIP_MEMMULT=2 boards).
+# Must stay under 64000 or lwIP widens mem_size_t to u32_t.
+LWIP_MEM_SIZE = 32768
+
+
+def build_lwip_defines(
+    tcp_sockets: int, udp_sockets: int, listening_tcp: int
+) -> dict[str, str]:
+    """Render the lwIP override values for the Jinja2 template.
+
+    The template uses #include_next to chain to the framework's original
+    lwipopts.h, then #undef/#define only these. Split out from
+    _configure_lwip() so the values that actually reach the generated header
+    can be checked without standing up CORE.
+
+    Both malloc flags stay 0 (framework defaults); see _configure_lwip(). The
+    static pools are the only IRQ-safe allocator on this platform, so the fix
+    is to size them correctly rather than to make them dynamic.
+    """
+    return {
+        "TCP_SND_BUF": LWIP_TCP_SND_BUF,
+        "TCP_WND": LWIP_TCP_WND,
+        "TCP_SND_QUEUELEN": str(LWIP_TCP_SND_QUEUELEN),
+        "MEM_SIZE": str(LWIP_MEM_SIZE),
+        "MEMP_NUM_TCP_SEG": str(LWIP_MEMP_NUM_TCP_SEG),
+        "PBUF_POOL_SIZE": str(LWIP_PBUF_POOL_SIZE),
+        "MEMP_NUM_TCP_PCB": str(tcp_sockets),
+        "MEMP_NUM_TCP_PCB_LISTEN": str(listening_tcp),
+        "MEMP_NUM_UDP_PCB": str(udp_sockets),
+    }
+
+
 def _configure_lwip() -> None:
     """Configure lwIP options for RP2040 by generating a custom lwipopts.h.
 
@@ -402,25 +480,36 @@ def _configure_lwip() -> None:
     ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
     TCP_SND_BUF               2×MSS   4×MSS  8×MSS         4×MSS
     TCP_WND                   4×MSS   4×MSS  8×MSS         4×MSS
+    TCP_SND_QUEUELEN          ~8      17     32            17
     MEM_LIBC_MALLOC           1       1      0             0*
     MEMP_MEM_MALLOC           1       1      0             0**
-    MEM_SIZE                  N/A***  N/A*** 16KB          16KB
+    MEM_SIZE                  N/A***  N/A*** 16KB          32KB
     PBUF_POOL_SIZE            10      16     24            16
-    MEMP_NUM_TCP_SEG          10      16     32            17
+    MEMP_NUM_TCP_SEG          10      16     32            34****
     MEMP_NUM_TCP_PCB          5       16     5             dynamic
-    MEMP_NUM_TCP_PCB_LISTEN   4       16     8****         dynamic
+    MEMP_NUM_TCP_PCB_LISTEN   4       16     8*****        dynamic
     MEMP_NUM_UDP_PCB          4       16     7             dynamic
-    TCP_SND_QUEUELEN          ~8      17     32            17
 
     * MEM_LIBC_MALLOC must stay 0: arduino-pico uses
       PICO_CYW43_ARCH_THREADSAFE_BACKGROUND which runs lwIP callbacks from
       a low-priority pendsv IRQ. The pico-sdk explicitly blocks
       MEM_LIBC_MALLOC=1 because libc malloc uses mutexes (unsafe in IRQ).
-    ** MEMP_MEM_MALLOC must stay 0: the dedicated lwIP heap (MEM_SIZE=16KB)
-      is too small to hold all pools dynamically. The PBUF_POOL alone needs
-      ~24KB (16 × 1524 bytes). Increasing MEM_SIZE would negate BSS savings.
-    *** ESP8266/ESP32 use MEM_LIBC_MALLOC=1 (system heap, no dedicated pool).
-    **** opt.h default; arduino-pico doesn't override MEMP_NUM_TCP_PCB_LISTEN.
+    ** MEMP_MEM_MALLOC must stay 0 for IRQ safety, not size. memp_malloc()
+      pops the pool free list inside SYS_ARCH_PROTECT, but lwIP's heap takes
+      its protection from LWIP_ALLOW_MEM_FREE_FROM_OTHER_CONTEXT (default 0),
+      so under NO_SYS=1 mem_malloc()/mem_free() are unprotected — and memp.c
+      calls mem_malloc() outside the guard anyway. RX pbufs would then be
+      allocated from the pendsv IRQ on the same unguarded free list the main
+      loop uses for tcp_write(). Tried on hardware: faults within seconds on
+      CYW43. Ethernet survives only because it polls from the main loop.
+    *** ESP8266/ESP32 ship MEMP_MEM_MALLOC=1, so their pool entries come from
+      the heap on demand and MEMP_NUM_*/PBUF_POOL_SIZE are labels, not caps
+      (MEM_LIBC_MALLOC=1 points that heap at the system heap). Both flags are
+      0 here, so ours are hard limits; don't copy their numbers.
+    **** MEMP_NUM_TCP_SEG is *global* while TCP_SND_QUEUELEN is *per-PCB*, so
+      sizing it to the per-PCB value lets one busy connection drain it for
+      every other. 2× covers two PCBs; MEM_SIZE is the real limit past that.
+    ***** opt.h default; arduino-pico doesn't override MEMP_NUM_TCP_PCB_LISTEN.
     "dynamic" = auto-calculated from component socket registrations via
     socket.get_socket_counts() with minimums of 8 TCP / 6 UDP / 2 TCP_LISTEN.
     """
@@ -439,48 +528,7 @@ def _configure_lwip() -> None:
     # UDP PCBs (2) are absorbed by the generous minimum of 6.
     listening_tcp = max(MIN_TCP_LISTEN_SOCKETS, sc.tcp_listen)
 
-    # TCP_SND_BUF: 4×MSS=5,840 matches ESP32. Down from arduino-pico's 8×MSS.
-    # ESPAsyncWebServer allocates malloc(tcp_sndbuf()) per response chunk.
-    tcp_snd_buf = "(4*TCP_MSS)"
-
-    # TCP_WND: receive window. 4×MSS matches ESP32. Down from arduino-pico's 8×MSS.
-    tcp_wnd = "(4*TCP_MSS)"
-
-    # TCP_SND_QUEUELEN: max pbufs queued for send buffer
-    # ESP-IDF formula: (4 * TCP_SND_BUF + (TCP_MSS - 1)) / TCP_MSS
-    # With 4×MSS: (4*5840 + 1459) / 1460 = 17 — match ESP32
-    tcp_snd_queuelen = 17
-    # MEMP_NUM_TCP_SEG: segment pool, must be >= TCP_SND_QUEUELEN (lwIP sanity check)
-    memp_num_tcp_seg = tcp_snd_queuelen
-
-    # PBUF_POOL_SIZE: RP2040 has 264KB RAM, more generous than LibreTiny.
-    # 16 matches ESP32 (vs arduino-pico's 24). With MEMP_MEM_MALLOC=1,
-    # this is a max count (allocated on demand from heap).
-    pbuf_pool_size = 16
-
-    # Build the lwIP override defines for the Jinja2 template.
-    # The template uses #include_next to chain to the framework's original
-    # lwipopts.h, then #undef/#define only the values we need to change.
-    #
-    # Note: MEMP_MEM_MALLOC stays 0 (framework default). While the memp
-    # allocations use the dedicated lwIP heap (IRQ-safe), the 16KB MEM_SIZE
-    # is too small to hold all pools dynamically under stress. The PBUF_POOL
-    # alone needs ~24KB (16 × 1524 bytes). Increasing MEM_SIZE would negate
-    # the BSS savings.
-    #
-    # MEM_LIBC_MALLOC stays 0 (framework default): arduino-pico uses
-    # PICO_CYW43_ARCH_THREADSAFE_BACKGROUND which runs lwIP callbacks from
-    # a low-priority pendsv IRQ where libc malloc (mutex-based) is unsafe.
-    lwip_defines: dict[str, str] = {
-        "TCP_SND_BUF": tcp_snd_buf,
-        "TCP_WND": tcp_wnd,
-        "TCP_SND_QUEUELEN": str(tcp_snd_queuelen),
-        "MEMP_NUM_TCP_SEG": str(memp_num_tcp_seg),
-        "PBUF_POOL_SIZE": str(pbuf_pool_size),
-        "MEMP_NUM_TCP_PCB": str(tcp_sockets),
-        "MEMP_NUM_TCP_PCB_LISTEN": str(listening_tcp),
-        "MEMP_NUM_UDP_PCB": str(udp_sockets),
-    }
+    lwip_defines = build_lwip_defines(tcp_sockets, udp_sockets, listening_tcp)
 
     # Store for copy_files() to generate the header
     CORE.data[KEY_RP2][KEY_LWIP_OPTS] = lwip_defines
@@ -495,7 +543,8 @@ def _configure_lwip() -> None:
     udp_min = " (min)" if udp_sockets > sc.udp else ""
     listen_min = " (min)" if listening_tcp > sc.tcp_listen else ""
     _LOGGER.info(
-        "Configuring lwIP: TCP=%d%s [%s], UDP=%d%s [%s], TCP_LISTEN=%d%s [%s]",
+        "Configuring lwIP: %d byte heap; TCP=%d%s [%s], UDP=%d%s [%s], TCP_LISTEN=%d%s [%s]",
+        LWIP_MEM_SIZE,
         tcp_sockets,
         tcp_min,
         sc.tcp_details,
@@ -516,7 +565,7 @@ def _generate_lwipopts_h() -> None:
     in the build directory, and a pre-build script injects this directory
     into the compiler include path before the framework's own include dir.
     """
-    from jinja2 import Environment
+    from jinja2 import Environment, StrictUndefined
 
     lwip_defines = CORE.data[KEY_RP2].get(KEY_LWIP_OPTS)
     if not lwip_defines:
@@ -529,7 +578,10 @@ def _generate_lwipopts_h() -> None:
     template_text = (Path(__file__).parent / "lwipopts.h.jinja").read_text(
         encoding="utf-8"
     )
-    jinja_env = Environment(keep_trailing_newline=True)
+    # StrictUndefined: a placeholder with no value would otherwise render
+    # empty, emitting a bare #define that compiles and silently means
+    # something else in lwIP's config.
+    jinja_env = Environment(keep_trailing_newline=True, undefined=StrictUndefined)
     template = jinja_env.from_string(template_text)
     content = template.render(**lwip_defines)
 
@@ -538,7 +590,7 @@ def _generate_lwipopts_h() -> None:
     write_file_if_changed(lwip_dir / "lwipopts.h", content)
 
 
-def add_pio_file(component: str, key: str, data: str):
+def add_pio_file(component: str, key: str, data: str) -> None:
     try:
         cv.validate_id_name(key)
     except cv.Invalid as e:
@@ -579,7 +631,7 @@ def generate_pio_files() -> bool:
 
 
 # Called by writer.py
-def copy_files():
+def copy_files() -> None:
     dir = Path(__file__).parent
     post_build_file = dir / "post_build.py.script"
     copy_file_if_changed(
@@ -620,7 +672,7 @@ def _addr2line(tool: str, elf: Path, addr: str) -> str:
         return f"{addr} (decode failed)"
 
 
-def process_stacktrace(config, line: str, backtrace_state: bool) -> bool:
+def process_stacktrace(config: ConfigType, line: str, backtrace_state: bool) -> bool:
     """Decode RP2040 crash handler output using addr2line."""
     if _CRASH_RE.search(line):
         _LOGGER.error("RP2040 crash detected - decoding addresses")
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2/boards.jinja2 b/esphome/components/rp2/boards.jinja2
index 9223009c26..6e5e55d771 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2/boards.jinja2
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2/boards.jinja2
@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@ RP2_BOARD_PINS = {
 {%- endfor %}
 }
 
+# RP2350 boards carry a {{ rp2350_die_key | repr }} key holding the die letter:
+# 'A' for the RP2350A (GPIO 0-29, 5 ADC channels), 'B' for the RP2350B
+# (GPIO 0-47, 9 ADC channels), and None when the die is a build-time menu
+# choice and so is not known here. The key is absent on non-RP2350 boards.
 BOARDS = {
 {%- for name, info in boards %}
     {{ name | repr }}: {
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2/boards.py b/esphome/components/rp2/boards.py
index d2502b8fb8..4b2f9769b0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2/boards.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2/boards.py
@@ -1533,6 +1533,10 @@ RP2_BOARD_PINS = {
     },
 }
 
+# RP2350 boards carry a 'die' key holding the die letter:
+# 'A' for the RP2350A (GPIO 0-29, 5 ADC channels), 'B' for the RP2350B
+# (GPIO 0-47, 9 ADC channels), and None when the die is a build-time menu
+# choice and so is not known here. The key is absent on non-RP2350 boards.
 BOARDS = {
     "0xcb_helios": {
         "name": "0xCB Helios",
@@ -1548,6 +1552,7 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "MyMakers RP2350B",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 47,
+        "die": "B",
     },
     "MyRP_bot": {
         "name": "MyMakers RP2040",
@@ -1588,11 +1593,13 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "Adafruit Feather RP2350 Adalogger",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
     },
     "adafruit_feather_rp2350_hstx": {
         "name": "Adafruit Feather RP2350 HSTX",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
     },
     "adafruit_feather_scorpio": {
         "name": "Adafruit Feather RP2040 SCORPIO",
@@ -1618,6 +1625,7 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "Adafruit Fruit Jam RP2350",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 47,
+        "die": "B",
     },
     "adafruit_itsybitsy": {
         "name": "Adafruit ItsyBitsy RP2040",
@@ -1643,6 +1651,7 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "Adafruit Metro RP2350",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 47,
+        "die": "B",
     },
     "adafruit_qtpy": {
         "name": "Adafruit QT Py RP2040",
@@ -1763,16 +1772,19 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "iLabs Challenger 2350 BConnect",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
     },
     "challenger_2350_nbiot": {
         "name": "iLabs Challenger 2350 NB-IoT",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
     },
     "challenger_2350_wifi6_ble5": {
         "name": "iLabs Challenger 2350 WiFi/BLE",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
     },
     "challenger_nb_2040_wifi": {
         "name": "iLabs Challenger NB 2040 WiFi",
@@ -1788,6 +1800,7 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "Cytron IRIV IO Controller",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
     },
     "cytron_maker_nano_rp2040": {
         "name": "Cytron Maker Nano RP2040",
@@ -1808,6 +1821,7 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "Cytron Motion 2350 Pro",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
     },
     "datanoisetv_picoadk": {
         "name": "DatanoiseTV PicoADK",
@@ -1818,6 +1832,7 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "DatanoiseTV PicoADK v2",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
     },
     "degz_suibo": {
         "name": "Degz Robotics Suibo RP2040",
@@ -1863,6 +1878,7 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "Generic RP2350",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 47,
+        "die": None,
     },
     "groundstudio_marble_pico": {
         "name": "GroundStudio Marble Pico",
@@ -1873,6 +1889,7 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "iLabs CPico 2350",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
     },
     "ilabs_rpico32": {
         "name": "iLabs RPICO32",
@@ -1888,6 +1905,7 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "Architeuthis Flux Jumperless V5",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 47,
+        "die": "B",
     },
     "melopero_cookie_rp2040": {
         "name": "Melopero Cookie RP2040",
@@ -1928,16 +1946,19 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "Olimex Pico2BB48",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 47,
+        "die": "B",
     },
     "olimex_pico2xl": {
         "name": "Olimex Pico2XL",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 47,
+        "die": "B",
     },
     "olimex_pico2xxl": {
         "name": "Olimex Pico2XXL",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 47,
+        "die": "B",
     },
     "olimex_rp2040pico30": {
         "name": "Olimex RP2040-Pico30",
@@ -1963,6 +1984,7 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "Pimoroni Explorer",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 47,
+        "die": "B",
     },
     "pimoroni_pga2040": {
         "name": "Pimoroni PGA2040",
@@ -1973,16 +1995,19 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "Pimoroni PGA2350",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 47,
+        "die": "B",
     },
     "pimoroni_pico_plus_2": {
         "name": "Pimoroni PicoPlus2",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 47,
+        "die": "B",
     },
     "pimoroni_pico_plus_2w": {
         "name": "Pimoroni PicoPlus2W",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 47,
+        "die": "B",
         "wifi": True,
         "max_virtual_pin": 64,
     },
@@ -1995,11 +2020,13 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "Pimoroni Plasma2350",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
     },
     "pimoroni_plasma2350w": {
         "name": "Pimoroni Plasma2350W",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
         "wifi": True,
     },
     "pimoroni_servo2040": {
@@ -2016,6 +2043,7 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "Pimoroni Tiny2350",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
     },
     "pintronix_pinmax": {
         "name": "Pintronix PinMax",
@@ -2046,11 +2074,13 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "Raspberry Pi Pico 2",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
     },
     "rpipico2w": {
         "name": "Raspberry Pi Pico 2W",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
         "wifi": True,
         "max_virtual_pin": 64,
     },
@@ -2085,6 +2115,7 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "Seeed XIAO RP2350",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
     },
     "silicognition_rp2040_shim": {
         "name": "Silicognition RP2040-Shim",
@@ -2100,6 +2131,7 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "Soldered Electronics NULA RP2350",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 47,
+        "die": "B",
         "wifi": True,
     },
     "solderparty_rp2040_stamp": {
@@ -2111,21 +2143,25 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "Solder Party RP2350 Stamp",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
     },
     "solderparty_rp2350_stamp_xl": {
         "name": "Solder Party RP2350 Stamp XL",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 47,
+        "die": "B",
     },
     "sparkfun_iotnode_lorawanrp2350": {
         "name": "SparkFun IoT Node LoRaWAN",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
     },
     "sparkfun_iotredboard_rp2350": {
         "name": "SparkFun IoT RedBoard RP2350",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 47,
+        "die": "B",
         "wifi": True,
     },
     "sparkfun_micromodrp2040": {
@@ -2142,6 +2178,7 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "SparkFun ProMicro RP2350",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
     },
     "sparkfun_thingplusrp2040": {
         "name": "SparkFun Thing Plus RP2040",
@@ -2152,6 +2189,7 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "SparkFun Thing Plus RP2350",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
         "wifi": True,
         "max_virtual_pin": 64,
     },
@@ -2159,6 +2197,7 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "SparkFun XRP Controller",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 47,
+        "die": "B",
         "wifi": True,
         "max_virtual_pin": 64,
     },
@@ -2233,32 +2272,38 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "Waveshare RP2350 LCD 0.96",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
     },
     "waveshare_rp2350_pizero": {
         "name": "Waveshare RP2350 PiZero",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 47,
+        "die": "B",
     },
     "waveshare_rp2350_plus": {
         "name": "Waveshare RP2350 Plus",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
     },
     "waveshare_rp2350_zero": {
         "name": "Waveshare RP2350 Zero",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
     },
     "waveshare_rp2350b_plus_w": {
         "name": "Waveshare RP2350B Plus W",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 47,
+        "die": "B",
         "wifi": True,
     },
     "weact_rp2350b": {
         "name": "WeAct Studio RP2350B Core Board",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 47,
+        "die": "B",
     },
     "wiznet_5100s_evb_pico": {
         "name": "WIZnet W5100S-EVB-Pico",
@@ -2269,6 +2314,7 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "WIZnet W5100S-EVB-Pico2",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
     },
     "wiznet_5500_evb_pico": {
         "name": "WIZnet W5500-EVB-Pico",
@@ -2279,6 +2325,7 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "WIZnet W5500-EVB-Pico2",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
     },
     "wiznet_55rp20_evb_pico": {
         "name": "WIZnet W55RP20-EVB-Pico",
@@ -2294,6 +2341,7 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "WIZnet W6300-EVB-Pico2",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
     },
     "wiznet_wizfi360_evb_pico": {
         "name": "WIZnet WizFi360-EVB-Pico",
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2/generate_boards.py b/esphome/components/rp2/generate_boards.py
index 5618287cce..4066ef6b34 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2/generate_boards.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2/generate_boards.py
@@ -37,13 +37,23 @@ MCU_MAX_PIN = {
     "rp2350": 47,  # GPIO 0-47 (RP2350B; A-die boards are narrowed to 29 below)
 }
 DEFAULT_MAX_PIN = 29
-# The RP2350 comes in two die variants: RP2350A exposes GPIO 0-29, RP2350B
-# GPIO 0-47. Variant headers declare the die via PICO_RP2350A (1 = A, 0 = B).
+# The RP2350 currently comes in two die variants: RP2350A exposes GPIO 0-29,
+# RP2350B GPIO 0-47. Variant headers declare the die via PICO_RP2350A
+# (1 = A, 0 = B).
+RP2350_DIE_A = "A"
+RP2350_DIE_B = "B"
 RP2350A_MAX_PIN = 29
+# Key recording the die letter on RP2350 board entries. Holds a letter rather
+# than a bool so a future die can be named instead of forced into "not A".
+RP2350_DIE_KEY = "die"
 
 PIN_DEFINE_RE = re.compile(r"#define\s+PIN_(\w+)\s+\((\d+)u\)")
 # Accepts the literal forms seen in these headers: 1, (1), 1u, (1u)
 RP2350A_DEFINE_RE = re.compile(r"#define\s+PICO_RP2350A\s+(\S+)")
+# Only PICO_RP2350A exists today. A define for any other die letter means the
+# A/B assumption below no longer holds. The trailing \b keeps this from
+# matching unrelated names such as PICO_RP2350_A2_SUPPORTED.
+OTHER_DIE_DEFINE_RE = re.compile(r"#define\s+PICO_RP2350(?!A\b)([B-Z])\b")
 RP2350A_MENU_PLACEHOLDER = "__PICO_RP2350A"
 
 
@@ -62,23 +72,30 @@ def parse_variant_pins(variant_dir: Path) -> dict[str, int]:
     return pins
 
 
-def parse_variant_is_rp2350a(variant_dir: Path) -> bool:
-    """Return True if the variant declares an RP2350A die (GPIO 0-29 only).
+def parse_variant_rp2350_die(variant_dir: Path) -> str | None:
+    """Return the RP2350 die letter the variant declares, or None if unknown.
 
     Generic boards leave the die a build-time menu choice (PICO_RP2350A is set
-    to a __PICO_RP2350A placeholder rather than a literal); those return False
-    so they keep the permissive B-die pin range.
+    to a __PICO_RP2350A placeholder rather than a literal); those return None,
+    meaning the die is genuinely unknown at code generation time. They keep the
+    permissive B-die pin range, but that is a fallback and must not be recorded
+    as a known die.
 
     A missing or unrecognized define raises: silently treating it as B-die
     would widen pin validation back to GPIO 47 on A-die boards, so a framework
-    bump that changes the header format must fail loudly here instead.
+    bump that changes the header format must fail loudly here instead. The same
+    goes for a die beyond A and B: PICO_RP2350A is a yes/no answer about the A
+    die, so "not A" can only be read as B while A and B are the whole family.
     """
     header = variant_dir / "pins_arduino.h"
-    match = (
-        RP2350A_DEFINE_RE.search(header.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
-        if header.exists()
-        else None
-    )
+    text = header.read_text(encoding="utf-8") if header.exists() else ""
+    if other_die := OTHER_DIE_DEFINE_RE.search(text):
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"{header}: found a PICO_RP2350{other_die.group(1)} define; the "
+            "RP2350 gained a die beyond A and B, so PICO_RP2350A being 0 no "
+            "longer means the B die"
+        )
+    match = RP2350A_DEFINE_RE.search(text)
     if match is None:
         raise ValueError(
             f"{header}: no PICO_RP2350A define found; cannot classify the "
@@ -86,14 +103,14 @@ def parse_variant_is_rp2350a(variant_dir: Path) -> bool:
         )
     value = match.group(1)
     if value == RP2350A_MENU_PLACEHOLDER:
-        return False
+        return None
     literal = value.strip("()u")
     if not literal.isdigit():
         raise ValueError(
             f"{header}: unrecognized PICO_RP2350A value {value!r}; cannot "
             "classify the RP2350 die (A exposes GPIO 0-29, B exposes GPIO 0-47)"
         )
-    return int(literal) == 1
+    return RP2350_DIE_A if int(literal) == 1 else RP2350_DIE_B
 
 
 def load_boards(arduino_pico_path: Path) -> tuple[dict, dict]:
@@ -104,7 +121,7 @@ def load_boards(arduino_pico_path: Path) -> tuple[dict, dict]:
     board_pins = {}
     boards = {}
     variant_pins_cache: dict[str, dict[str, int]] = {}
-    variant_rp2350a_cache: dict[str, bool] = {}
+    variant_die_cache: dict[str, str | None] = {}
 
     for json_file in sorted(json_dir.glob("*.json")):
         board_name = json_file.stem
@@ -123,12 +140,14 @@ def load_boards(arduino_pico_path: Path) -> tuple[dict, dict]:
         has_wifi = "PICO_CYW43_SUPPORTED=1" in extra_flags
 
         max_pin = MCU_MAX_PIN.get(mcu, DEFAULT_MAX_PIN)
+        die: str | None = None
         if mcu == "rp2350":
-            if variant not in variant_rp2350a_cache:
-                variant_rp2350a_cache[variant] = parse_variant_is_rp2350a(
+            if variant not in variant_die_cache:
+                variant_die_cache[variant] = parse_variant_rp2350_die(
                     variants_dir / variant
                 )
-            if variant_rp2350a_cache[variant]:
+            die = variant_die_cache[variant]
+            if die == RP2350_DIE_A:
                 max_pin = RP2350A_MAX_PIN
 
         board_entry: dict = {
@@ -136,6 +155,10 @@ def load_boards(arduino_pico_path: Path) -> tuple[dict, dict]:
             "mcu": mcu,
             "max_pin": max_pin,
         }
+        if mcu == "rp2350":
+            # Recorded explicitly because max_pin cannot express the die:
+            # 29 also means RP2040, and 47 also means "die not known yet".
+            board_entry[RP2350_DIE_KEY] = die
         if has_wifi:
             board_entry["wifi"] = True
         boards[board_name] = board_entry
@@ -218,6 +241,7 @@ def generate(arduino_pico_path: Path) -> str:
         cyw43_gpio_offset=CYW43_GPIO_OFFSET,
         cyw43_max_gpio=CYW43_GPIO_OFFSET + CYW43_GPIO_COUNT - 1,
         default_max_pin=DEFAULT_MAX_PIN,
+        rp2350_die_key=RP2350_DIE_KEY,
         board_pins=sorted(board_pins.items()),
         boards=sorted(boards.items()),
     )
@@ -232,7 +256,7 @@ def generate(arduino_pico_path: Path) -> str:
     return result.stdout.decode()
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     if len(sys.argv) < 2:
         print(f"Usage: {sys.argv[0]} <arduino-pico-path>", file=sys.stderr)
         sys.exit(1)
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2/gpio.py b/esphome/components/rp2/gpio.py
index e4db6a831c..d325131178 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2/gpio.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2/gpio.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
@@ -14,6 +16,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_PULLUP,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import boards
 from .const import KEY_BOARD, KEY_RP2, rp2_ns
@@ -21,7 +25,7 @@ from .const import KEY_BOARD, KEY_RP2, rp2_ns
 RP2GPIOPin = rp2_ns.class_("RP2GPIOPin", cg.InternalGPIOPin)
 
 
-def _lookup_pin(value):
+def _lookup_pin(value: str) -> int:
     board = CORE.data[KEY_RP2][KEY_BOARD]
     board_pins = boards.RP2_BOARD_PINS.get(board, {})
 
@@ -35,7 +39,7 @@ def _lookup_pin(value):
     raise cv.Invalid(f"Cannot resolve pin name '{value}' for board {board}.")
 
 
-def _translate_pin(value):
+def _translate_pin(value: Any) -> int:
     if isinstance(value, dict) or value is None:
         raise cv.Invalid(
             "This variable only supports pin numbers, not full pin schemas "
@@ -54,12 +58,12 @@ def _translate_pin(value):
     return _lookup_pin(value)
 
 
-def _board_max_virtual_pin(board):
+def _board_max_virtual_pin(board: str) -> int | None:
     """Get the max CYW43 virtual pin for this board, or None if no virtual pins."""
     return boards.BOARDS.get(board, {}).get("max_virtual_pin")
 
 
-def validate_gpio_pin(value):
+def validate_gpio_pin(value: Any) -> int:
     value = _translate_pin(value)
     board = CORE.data[KEY_RP2][KEY_BOARD]
     max_virtual = _board_max_virtual_pin(board)
@@ -71,7 +75,7 @@ def validate_gpio_pin(value):
     return value
 
 
-def validate_supports(value):
+def validate_supports(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     board = CORE.data[KEY_RP2][KEY_BOARD]
     if (
         _board_max_virtual_pin(board) is None
@@ -100,7 +104,7 @@ RP2_PIN_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register("rp2", RP2_PIN_SCHEMA)
-async def rp2_pin_to_code(config):
+async def rp2_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     num = config[CONF_NUMBER]
     cg.add(var.set_pin(num))
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2/hal.cpp b/esphome/components/rp2/hal.cpp
index 8eb1b469bc..ac1467e5e6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2/hal.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2/hal.cpp
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include "crash_handler.h"
 #endif
 
+#include "hardware/clocks.h"
 #include "hardware/watchdog.h"
 
 // Empty rp2 namespace block to satisfy ci-custom's lint_namespace check.
@@ -33,7 +34,8 @@ void arch_init() {
 #endif
 }
 
-uint32_t arch_get_cpu_freq_hz() { return RP2040::f_cpu(); }
+// clock_get_hz(clk_sys) is the SDK query for the current system clock frequency in Hz.
+uint32_t arch_get_cpu_freq_hz() { return clock_get_hz(clk_sys); }
 
 }  // namespace esphome
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2/lwipopts.h.jinja b/esphome/components/rp2/lwipopts.h.jinja
index 36d7d4da14..2da4f467a9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2/lwipopts.h.jinja
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2/lwipopts.h.jinja
@@ -20,13 +20,24 @@
 #undef TCP_WND
 #define TCP_WND                       {{ TCP_WND }}
 
-// Queued segment limits: derived from 4xMSS buffer size, matching ESP32
+// Per-PCB send queue: derived from 4xMSS buffer size, matching ESP32
 #undef TCP_SND_QUEUELEN
 #define TCP_SND_QUEUELEN              {{ TCP_SND_QUEUELEN }}
 
+// Segment pool: global across every PCB, so it is sized above the per-PCB
+// queue length rather than equal to it. lwIP's sanity check only requires
+// >= TCP_SND_QUEUELEN, which is the floor for a single connection.
 #undef MEMP_NUM_TCP_SEG
 #define MEMP_NUM_TCP_SEG              {{ MEMP_NUM_TCP_SEG }}
 
+// lwIP heap backing PBUF_RAM, which is what tcp_write() copies into.
+// Raised from arduino-pico's 16KB: TCP_OVERSIZE is TCP_MSS, so a single PCB
+// at a full TCP_SND_BUF pins about 6KB. Two of those left the 16KB heap at
+// 75%, and mem.c is first-fit, so the largest contiguous run ran out well
+// before the total did.
+#undef MEM_SIZE
+#define MEM_SIZE                      {{ MEM_SIZE }}
+
 // Packet buffer pool: 16 matches ESP32 (down from 24)
 #undef PBUF_POOL_SIZE
 #define PBUF_POOL_SIZE                {{ PBUF_POOL_SIZE }}
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040_ble/__init__.py b/esphome/components/rp2040_ble/__init__.py
index 4baee7e234..d2a08e9fc0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040_ble/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040_ble/__init__.py
@@ -1,11 +1,25 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable, MutableMapping
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ENABLE_ON_BOOT, CONF_ID
+from esphome.core import CORE
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["rp2"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@bdraco"]
 
+CONF_RP2040_BLE_ID = "rp2040_ble_id"
+
+KEY_RP2040_BLE = "rp2040_ble"
+KEY_USED_CONNECTION_SLOTS = "used_connection_slots"
+
+# Hard platform cap on concurrent GATT connections: the BTstack pool overrides
+# in btstack_memory.cpp are sized from ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT with this
+# as the ceiling. 3 matches the esp32 default and stays within the
+# controller's resources (MAX_NR_CONTROLLER_ACL_BUFFERS 3).
+MAX_CONNECTIONS = 3
+
 rp2040_ble_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("rp2040_ble")
 RP2040BLE = rp2040_ble_ns.class_("RP2040BLE", cg.Component)
 
@@ -28,13 +42,66 @@ def _validate_board(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     return config
 
 
-FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _validate_board
+def consume_connection_slots(
+    value: int, consumer: str
+) -> Callable[[MutableMapping], MutableMapping]:
+    """Reserve BLE connection slots for a component (the esp32_ble pattern);
+    the total is checked against MAX_CONNECTIONS in final validation."""
+
+    def _consume_connection_slots(config: MutableMapping) -> MutableMapping:
+        data: dict = CORE.data.setdefault(KEY_RP2040_BLE, {})
+        slots: list[str] = data.setdefault(KEY_USED_CONNECTION_SLOTS, [])
+        slots.extend([consumer] * value)
+        return config
+
+    return _consume_connection_slots
+
+
+def validate_connection_slots() -> None:
+    """Fail when consumers claimed more slots than the platform cap."""
+    # Skip in testing mode to allow component grouping (esp32_ble parity).
+    if CORE.testing_mode:
+        return
+    used = CORE.data.get(KEY_RP2040_BLE, {}).get(KEY_USED_CONNECTION_SLOTS, [])
+    if len(used) > MAX_CONNECTIONS:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"BLE components require {len(used)} connection slots but the "
+            f"rp2 maximum is {MAX_CONNECTIONS}. "
+            f"Components: {', '.join(used)}"
+        )
+
+
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    _validate_board(config)
+    validate_connection_slots()
+
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
 # Once per registered scan listener; sizes the controller's StaticVector
 # listener storage.
 request_scan_listener_slot = cg.slot_counter("RP2040_BLE_SCAN_LISTENER_COUNT")
 
+# The four btstack_memory accessors whose static pools are baked into the
+# prebuilt liblwip-bt.a; every internal use crosses an object boundary in the
+# archive, so --wrap intercepts them all (see btstack_memory.cpp).
+_BTSTACK_POOL_SYMBOLS = (
+    "btstack_memory_gatt_client_get",
+    "btstack_memory_gatt_client_free",
+    "btstack_memory_hci_connection_get",
+    "btstack_memory_hci_connection_free",
+)
+
+
+def add_btstack_pool_overrides() -> None:
+    """Emit the --wrap flags that swap the prebuilt BTstack pools for the
+    ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT-sized ones in btstack_memory.cpp. Called by
+    bluetooth_connection when a second GATT backend registers; idempotent
+    (build flags are a set)."""
+    for symbol in _BTSTACK_POOL_SYMBOLS:
+        cg.add_build_flag(f"-Wl,--wrap={symbol}")
+
 
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040_ble/btstack_memory.cpp b/esphome/components/rp2040_ble/btstack_memory.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8af57924a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040_ble/btstack_memory.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+// Replaces the gatt_client / hci_connection static pools baked into
+// arduino-pico's prebuilt liblwip-bt.a (built with MAX_NR_GATT_CLIENTS 1,
+// MAX_NR_HCI_CONNECTIONS 2) with pools sized from ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT.
+// add_btstack_pool_overrides() in this component's codegen emits the matching
+// -Wl,--wrap flags, requested by bluetooth_connection when more than one GATT
+// backend registers; single-backend builds emit no flags and this file
+// compiles to nothing, leaving the prebuilt pools in charge. Layout safety:
+// the framework defines ENABLE_CLASSIC / ENABLE_BLE for every user TU
+// whenever PIO_FRAMEWORK_ARDUINO_ENABLE_BLUETOOTH is set (this component
+// always sets it), so sizeof() here matches the archive.
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#if defined(USE_RP2040_BLE) && defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT) && (ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT > 1)
+
+#include <btstack.h>
+
+#include <cstring>
+
+namespace esphome::rp2040_ble {
+namespace {
+
+// Pinned against arduino-pico 6.0.0's prebuilt archives: a framework bump (or
+// a changed ENABLE_* macro) shifting the struct layout must fail the build
+// here, not overrun the pool blocks at runtime. Sizes differ per core
+// architecture (measured from each archive's own storage symbols). GCC only:
+// the clang-tidy frontend lays these structs out differently, and the guard
+// targets the real link.
+#ifndef __clang__
+#ifdef __riscv
+static_assert(sizeof(gatt_client_t) == 140 && sizeof(hci_connection_t) == 3740, "BTstack layout changed");
+#else
+static_assert(sizeof(gatt_client_t) == 128 && sizeof(hci_connection_t) == 3688, "BTstack layout changed");
+#endif
+#endif  // __clang__
+
+// One gatt_client_t per configured connection slot. An hci_connection_t is
+// held from gap_connect() to DISCONNECTION_COMPLETE (scanning holds none);
+// +1 mirrors the prebuilt library's own headroom (2 connections for 1 GATT
+// client) so a teardown/re-connect overlap can never starve a slot.
+constexpr int HCI_CONNECTION_POOL_SIZE = ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT + 1;
+
+// NOLINTBEGIN(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables,cert-err58-cpp)
+gatt_client_t gatt_client_storage[ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT];
+btstack_memory_pool_t gatt_client_pool;
+hci_connection_t hci_connection_storage[HCI_CONNECTION_POOL_SIZE];
+btstack_memory_pool_t hci_connection_pool;
+
+// Static init: pool_create only links a free list through its own storage,
+// and BTstack first allocates long after static construction.
+struct PoolInit {
+  PoolInit() {
+    btstack_memory_pool_create(&gatt_client_pool, gatt_client_storage, ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT,
+                               sizeof(gatt_client_t));
+    btstack_memory_pool_create(&hci_connection_pool, hci_connection_storage, HCI_CONNECTION_POOL_SIZE,
+                               sizeof(hci_connection_t));
+  }
+} pool_init;
+// NOLINTEND(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables,cert-err58-cpp)
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// Exact semantics of btstack_memory.c's static-pool arm: zeroed block on
+// success, NULL when exhausted; free returns the block to the pool. The
+// prebuilt pools stay resident in .bss (~7.4 KB, kept live by
+// btstack_memory_init in the archive) — dead weight here, not a leak.
+// NOLINTBEGIN(bugprone-reserved-identifier,cert-dcl37-c,cert-dcl51-cpp,readability-identifier-naming)
+extern "C" gatt_client_t *__real_btstack_memory_gatt_client_get(void);
+extern "C" void __real_btstack_memory_gatt_client_free(gatt_client_t *gatt_client);
+extern "C" hci_connection_t *__real_btstack_memory_hci_connection_get(void);
+extern "C" void __real_btstack_memory_hci_connection_free(hci_connection_t *hci_connection);
+
+namespace {
+// Fails the link if the corresponding --wrap flag is missing: __real_* only
+// exists while --wrap is in effect, and each wrap function anchors its own
+// symbol so dropping any single flag fails loudly. A code reference is used
+// because the framework links with --gc-sections, which discards an
+// unreferenced data anchor regardless of [[gnu::used]] (and this toolchain
+// does not emit SHF_GNU_RETAIN for [[gnu::retain]]).
+template<typename T> void anchor_wrap(T *symbol) { asm volatile("" ::"r"(symbol)); }
+}  // namespace
+
+extern "C" {
+
+gatt_client_t *__wrap_btstack_memory_gatt_client_get(void) {
+  anchor_wrap(&__real_btstack_memory_gatt_client_get);
+  void *buffer = btstack_memory_pool_get(&gatt_client_pool);
+  if (buffer != nullptr) {
+    memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(gatt_client_t));
+  }
+  return static_cast<gatt_client_t *>(buffer);
+}
+
+void __wrap_btstack_memory_gatt_client_free(gatt_client_t *gatt_client) {
+  anchor_wrap(&__real_btstack_memory_gatt_client_free);
+  btstack_memory_pool_free(&gatt_client_pool, gatt_client);
+}
+
+hci_connection_t *__wrap_btstack_memory_hci_connection_get(void) {
+  anchor_wrap(&__real_btstack_memory_hci_connection_get);
+  void *buffer = btstack_memory_pool_get(&hci_connection_pool);
+  if (buffer != nullptr) {
+    memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(hci_connection_t));
+  }
+  return static_cast<hci_connection_t *>(buffer);
+}
+
+void __wrap_btstack_memory_hci_connection_free(hci_connection_t *hci_connection) {
+  anchor_wrap(&__real_btstack_memory_hci_connection_free);
+  btstack_memory_pool_free(&hci_connection_pool, hci_connection);
+}
+
+}  // extern "C"
+// NOLINTEND(bugprone-reserved-identifier,cert-dcl37-c,cert-dcl51-cpp,readability-identifier-naming)
+
+}  // namespace esphome::rp2040_ble
+
+#endif  // USE_RP2040_BLE && USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT && ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT > 1
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040_ble/rp2040_ble.cpp b/esphome/components/rp2040_ble/rp2040_ble.cpp
index 8e7c7d6be5..80e8bf9415 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040_ble/rp2040_ble.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040_ble/rp2040_ble.cpp
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 #ifdef USE_RP2040_BLE
 
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 #include <BluetoothLock.h>
@@ -57,6 +58,17 @@ void RP2040BLE::enable() {
     l2cap_init();
     sm_init();
 
+#ifdef USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
+    gatt_client_init();
+    // The GATT engine kicks the MTU exchange explicitly right after a
+    // connection completes (auto negotiation would only run on the first
+    // query, which a with-cache connection never issues).
+    gatt_client_mtu_enable_auto_negotiation(0);
+    // Just-works security for peripheral-initiated pairing.
+    sm_set_io_capabilities(IO_CAPABILITY_NO_INPUT_NO_OUTPUT);
+    sm_set_authentication_requirements(SM_AUTHREQ_BONDING);
+#endif
+
     this->hci_event_callback_registration_.callback = &RP2040BLE::packet_handler;
     hci_add_event_handler(&this->hci_event_callback_registration_);
 
@@ -169,7 +181,7 @@ void RP2040BLE::packet_handler(uint8_t type, uint16_t channel, uint8_t *packet,
       // ESPHome main loop: bounded copy into the lock-free queue only.
       bd_addr_t addr;  // accessor returns printable (MSB-first) order
       gap_event_advertising_report_get_address(packet, addr);
-      uint8_t mac_lsb[6];
+      uint8_t mac_lsb[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];
       reverse_bd_addr(addr, mac_lsb);  // LSB-first, the BLE convention consumers expect
       global_ble->enqueue_scan_report_(mac_lsb, static_cast<int8_t>(gap_event_advertising_report_get_rssi(packet)),
                                        gap_event_advertising_report_get_address_type(packet),
@@ -195,7 +207,7 @@ void RP2040BLE::enqueue_scan_report_(const uint8_t *mac_lsb_first, int8_t rssi,
     this->report_queue_.increment_dropped_count();
     return;
   }
-  memcpy(report->mac, mac_lsb_first, 6);
+  memcpy(report->mac, mac_lsb_first, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE);
   report->rssi = rssi;
   report->addr_type = addr_type;
   report->adv_event_type = adv_event_type;
@@ -206,7 +218,9 @@ void RP2040BLE::enqueue_scan_report_(const uint8_t *mac_lsb_first, int8_t rssi,
 }
 // NOLINTEND(clang-analyzer-unix.Malloc)
 
-void RP2040BLE::get_mac_msb_first(uint8_t out[6]) const { memcpy(out, this->ble_mac_, 6); }
+void RP2040BLE::get_mac_msb_first(uint8_t out[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE]) const {
+  memcpy(out, this->ble_mac_, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE);
+}
 
 bool RP2040BLE::scan_start(uint16_t interval, uint16_t window, bool active) {
   if (!this->is_active()) {
@@ -215,6 +229,18 @@ bool RP2040BLE::scan_start(uint16_t interval, uint16_t window, bool active) {
     // the moment a tracker retries. Callers retry until the stack is up.
     return false;
   }
+#ifdef USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
+  this->scan_interval_ = interval;
+  this->scan_window_ = window;
+  this->scan_active_mode_ = active;
+  this->scan_desired_ = true;
+  if (this->scan_inhibit_count_ > 0) {
+    // A connect attempt owns the radio; the scan starts physically when the
+    // inhibit is released. Report success — the controller will run it.
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Scan start deferred (connect in progress)");
+    return true;
+  }
+#endif
   // Serialize with the BTstack background worker (arduino-pico's BluetoothHCI
   // takes the same lock around its gap_* calls).
   BluetoothLock lock;
@@ -224,6 +250,9 @@ bool RP2040BLE::scan_start(uint16_t interval, uint16_t window, bool active) {
 }
 
 void RP2040BLE::scan_stop() {
+#ifdef USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
+  this->scan_desired_ = false;
+#endif
   if (!this->is_active()) {
     return;  // nothing can be scanning on a stack that is not up
   }
@@ -231,6 +260,32 @@ void RP2040BLE::scan_stop() {
   gap_stop_scan();
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
+void RP2040BLE::inhibit_scan() {
+  if (this->scan_inhibit_count_++ != 0) {
+    return;  // another connect attempt already owns the radio
+  }
+  if (this->scan_desired_ && this->is_active()) {
+    BluetoothLock lock;
+    gap_stop_scan();
+  }
+}
+
+void RP2040BLE::release_scan_inhibit() {
+  if (this->scan_inhibit_count_ == 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+  this->scan_inhibit_count_--;
+  if (this->scan_inhibit_count_ != 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (this->scan_desired_) {
+    // One physical-start path: scan_start re-applies the remembered params.
+    this->scan_start(this->scan_interval_, this->scan_window_, this->scan_active_mode_);
+  }
+}
+#endif  // USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
+
 }  // namespace esphome::rp2040_ble
 
 #endif  // USE_RP2040_BLE
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040_ble/rp2040_ble.h b/esphome/components/rp2040_ble/rp2040_ble.h
index cc015c0503..263a32106b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040_ble/rp2040_ble.h
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040_ble/rp2040_ble.h
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ enum class BLEComponentState : uint8_t {
 
 /// One advertisement report from the controller.
 struct BLEScanReport {
-  uint8_t mac[6];  // LSB-first, as the controller delivers it
-  int8_t rssi;     // signed dBm
+  uint8_t mac[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];  // LSB-first, as the controller delivers it
+  int8_t rssi;                    // signed dBm
   uint8_t addr_type;
   uint8_t adv_event_type;  // GAP advertising event type (ADV_IND .. SCAN_RSP); lets a merger tell the two apart
   uint8_t data_len;        // bytes valid in data[]
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ class RP2040BLE final : public Component {
   /// (LSB-first) order, hence the explicit names. All zeros until the stack
   /// reports ACTIVE (BTstack reads the address from the controller during
   /// power-up).
-  void get_mac_msb_first(uint8_t out[6]) const;
+  void get_mac_msb_first(uint8_t out[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE]) const;
 
 #ifdef RP2040_BLE_SCAN_LISTENER_COUNT
   /// Register a consumer for scan reports (delivered on the main loop via loop()).
@@ -91,13 +91,25 @@ class RP2040BLE final : public Component {
   /// (0.625 ms). Returns false until the stack is ACTIVE (callers retry — the
   /// tracker's rate-limited retry loop); powering the stack on stays with the
   /// user (enable_on_boot or an explicit enable() call). The controller keeps
-  /// no scan state: a disable()/enable() power cycle ends the scan, and the
-  /// caller must call scan_start() again once the stack is back to ACTIVE
-  /// (the tracker's loop() reconciliation does exactly that).
+  /// no scan state across power cycles: a disable()/enable() cycle ends the
+  /// scan, and the caller must call scan_start() again once the stack is back
+  /// to ACTIVE (the tracker's loop() reconciliation does exactly that).
+  /// While a GATT connect attempt has the scan inhibited, the desired scan is
+  /// remembered and started physically when the inhibit is released.
   bool scan_start(uint16_t interval, uint16_t window, bool active);
   /// Stop the controller scan (no-op when not scanning).
   void scan_stop();
 
+#ifdef USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
+  /// Pause the physical scan for the duration of a GATT connect attempt
+  /// (initiating and scanning contend for the radio). The desired scan state
+  /// set through scan_start()/scan_stop() is remembered and reconciled by
+  /// release_scan_inhibit(). Holders must guarantee the release on every
+  /// abort path (the GATT engine reclaims via its connect timeout).
+  void inhibit_scan();
+  void release_scan_inhibit();
+#endif
+
  protected:
   static void packet_handler(uint8_t type, uint16_t channel, uint8_t *packet, uint16_t size);
 
@@ -123,11 +135,21 @@ class RP2040BLE final : public Component {
   btstack_packet_callback_registration_t hci_event_callback_registration_{};
   btstack_packet_callback_registration_t sm_event_callback_registration_{};
 
-  uint8_t ble_mac_[6]{0};  // printable (MSB-first) order; zeros until ACTIVE
+  uint8_t ble_mac_[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE]{0};  // printable (MSB-first) order; zeros until ACTIVE
   BLEComponentState state_{BLEComponentState::STATE_OFF};
   bool enable_on_boot_{true};
   bool btstack_initialized_{false};
   bool active_logged_{false};
+#ifdef USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
+  // Remembered scan intent, so connect attempts can pause the physical scan
+  // and restore it afterwards without involving the tracker. Counted so
+  // overlapping connect attempts compose once multiple slots exist.
+  uint16_t scan_interval_{0};
+  uint16_t scan_window_{0};
+  uint8_t scan_inhibit_count_{0};
+  bool scan_active_mode_{false};
+  bool scan_desired_{false};
+#endif
 };
 
 // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040_pio_led_strip/led_strip.cpp b/esphome/components/rp2040_pio_led_strip/led_strip.cpp
index cf7041931e..1f4bea9ecd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040_pio_led_strip/led_strip.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040_pio_led_strip/led_strip.cpp
@@ -107,10 +107,10 @@ void RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput::setup() {
                           pio_get_dreq(this->pio_, this->sm_, true));  // set the DREQ to the state machine's TX FIFO
 
   dma_channel_configure(this->dma_chan_, &this->dma_config_,
-                        &this->pio_->txf[this->sm_],                     // write to the state machine's TX FIFO
-                        this->buf_,                                      // read from memory
-                        this->is_rgbw_ ? num_leds_ * 4 : num_leds_ * 3,  // number of bytes to transfer
-                        false                                            // don't start yet
+                        &this->pio_->txf[this->sm_],  // write to the state machine's TX FIFO
+                        this->buf_,                   // read from memory
+                        this->get_buffer_size_(),     // number of bytes to transfer
+                        false                         // don't start yet
   );
 
   // Initialize the semaphore for this DMA channel
@@ -142,58 +142,25 @@ void RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput::write_state(light::LightState *state) {
 }
 
 light::ESPColorView RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput::get_view_internal(int32_t index) const {
-  int32_t r = 0, g = 0, b = 0;
-  switch (this->rgb_order_) {
-    case ORDER_RGB:
-      r = 0;
-      g = 1;
-      b = 2;
-      break;
-    case ORDER_RBG:
-      r = 0;
-      g = 2;
-      b = 1;
-      break;
-    case ORDER_GRB:
-      r = 1;
-      g = 0;
-      b = 2;
-      break;
-    case ORDER_GBR:
-      r = 2;
-      g = 0;
-      b = 1;
-      break;
-    case ORDER_BGR:
-      r = 2;
-      g = 1;
-      b = 0;
-      break;
-    case ORDER_BRG:
-      r = 1;
-      g = 2;
-      b = 0;
-      break;
-  }
-  uint8_t multiplier = this->is_rgbw_ ? 4 : 3;
-  return {this->buf_ + (index * multiplier) + r,
-          this->buf_ + (index * multiplier) + g,
-          this->buf_ + (index * multiplier) + b,
-          this->is_rgbw_ ? this->buf_ + (index * multiplier) + 3 : nullptr,
+  const light::ChannelColors &colors = this->channel_colors_;
+  uint8_t *led = this->buf_ + (index * colors.bytes_per_led());
+  return {led + colors.r,
+          led + colors.g,
+          led + colors.b,
+          colors.has_white() ? led + colors.w : nullptr,
           &this->effect_data_[index],
           &this->correction_};
 }
 
 void RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput::dump_config() {
+  char channel_colors[5];
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "RP2040 PIO LED Strip Light Output:\n"
                 "  Pin: GPIO%d\n"
                 "  Number of LEDs: %d\n"
-                "  RGBW: %s\n"
-                "  RGB Order: %s\n"
+                "  Channel colors: %s\n"
                 "  Max Refresh Rate: %f Hz",
-                this->pin_, this->num_leds_, YESNO(this->is_rgbw_), rgb_order_to_string(this->rgb_order_),
-                this->max_refresh_rate_);
+                this->pin_, this->num_leds_, this->channel_colors_.to_string(channel_colors), this->max_refresh_rate_);
 }
 
 float RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::HARDWARE; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040_pio_led_strip/led_strip.h b/esphome/components/rp2040_pio_led_strip/led_strip.h
index c499f0a7ca..b2162f641d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040_pio_led_strip/led_strip.h
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040_pio_led_strip/led_strip.h
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
 #include "esphome/components/light/addressable_light.h"
+#include "esphome/components/light/channel_colors.h"
 #include "esphome/components/light/light_output.h"
 
 #include <hardware/dma.h>
@@ -18,15 +19,6 @@
 
 namespace esphome::rp2040_pio_led_strip {
 
-enum RGBOrder : uint8_t {
-  ORDER_RGB,
-  ORDER_RBG,
-  ORDER_GRB,
-  ORDER_GBR,
-  ORDER_BGR,
-  ORDER_BRG,
-};
-
 enum Chipset : uint8_t {
   CHIPSET_WS2812,
   CHIPSET_WS2812B,
@@ -36,25 +28,6 @@ enum Chipset : uint8_t {
   CHIPSET_CUSTOM = 0xFF,
 };
 
-inline const char *rgb_order_to_string(RGBOrder order) {
-  switch (order) {
-    case ORDER_RGB:
-      return "RGB";
-    case ORDER_RBG:
-      return "RBG";
-    case ORDER_GRB:
-      return "GRB";
-    case ORDER_GBR:
-      return "GBR";
-    case ORDER_BGR:
-      return "BGR";
-    case ORDER_BRG:
-      return "BRG";
-    default:
-      return "UNKNOWN";
-  }
-}
-
 using init_fn = void (*)(PIO pio, uint sm, uint offset, uint pin, float freq);
 
 class RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput final : public light::AddressableLight {
@@ -66,13 +39,14 @@ class RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput final : public light::AddressableLight {
   int32_t size() const override { return this->num_leds_; }
   light::LightTraits get_traits() override {
     auto traits = light::LightTraits();
-    this->is_rgbw_ ? traits.set_supported_color_modes({light::ColorMode::RGB_WHITE, light::ColorMode::WHITE})
-                   : traits.set_supported_color_modes({light::ColorMode::RGB});
+    this->channel_colors_.has_white()
+        ? traits.set_supported_color_modes({light::ColorMode::RGB_WHITE, light::ColorMode::WHITE})
+        : traits.set_supported_color_modes({light::ColorMode::RGB});
     return traits;
   }
   void set_pin(uint8_t pin) { this->pin_ = pin; }
   void set_num_leds(uint32_t num_leds) { this->num_leds_ = num_leds; }
-  void set_is_rgbw(bool is_rgbw) { this->is_rgbw_ = is_rgbw; }
+  void set_channel_colors(light::ChannelColors channel_colors) { this->channel_colors_ = channel_colors; }
 
   void set_max_refresh_rate(float interval_us) { this->max_refresh_rate_ = interval_us; }
 
@@ -81,7 +55,6 @@ class RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput final : public light::AddressableLight {
   void set_init_function(init_fn init) { this->init_ = init; }
 
   void set_chipset(Chipset chipset) { this->chipset_ = chipset; };
-  void set_rgb_order(RGBOrder rgb_order) { this->rgb_order_ = rgb_order; }
   void clear_effect_data() override {
     for (int i = 0; i < this->size(); i++) {
       this->effect_data_[i] = 0;
@@ -93,7 +66,7 @@ class RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput final : public light::AddressableLight {
  protected:
   light::ESPColorView get_view_internal(int32_t index) const override;
 
-  size_t get_buffer_size_() const { return this->num_leds_ * (3 + this->is_rgbw_); }
+  size_t get_buffer_size_() const { return this->num_leds_ * this->channel_colors_.bytes_per_led(); }
 
   static void dma_write_complete_handler();
 
@@ -102,14 +75,13 @@ class RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput final : public light::AddressableLight {
 
   uint8_t pin_;
   uint32_t num_leds_;
-  bool is_rgbw_;
 
   pio_hw_t *pio_;
   uint sm_;
   uint dma_chan_;
   dma_channel_config dma_config_;
 
-  RGBOrder rgb_order_{ORDER_RGB};
+  light::ChannelColors channel_colors_{0, 1, 2, light::ChannelColors::NO_WHITE};
   Chipset chipset_{CHIPSET_CUSTOM};
 
   uint32_t last_refresh_{0};
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040_pio_led_strip/light.py b/esphome/components/rp2040_pio_led_strip/light.py
index b3f816102a..5b7259f9e5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040_pio_led_strip/light.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040_pio_led_strip/light.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from dataclasses import dataclass
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import light, rp2
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_CHIPSET,
@@ -13,10 +14,11 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_PIN,
     CONF_RGB_ORDER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 from esphome.util import _LOGGER
 
 
-def get_nops(timing):
+def get_nops(timing: float) -> list[float | str]:
     """
     Calculate the number of NOP instructions required to wait for a given amount of time.
     """
@@ -37,7 +39,7 @@ def get_nops(timing):
     return nops
 
 
-def generate_assembly_code(id, rgbw, t0h, t0l, t1h, t1l):
+def generate_assembly_code(id: str, t0h: int, t0l: int, t1h: int, t1l: int) -> str:
     """
     Generate assembly code with the given timing values.
     """
@@ -123,7 +125,7 @@ writezero:
     return assembly_template + const_csdk_code
 
 
-def time_to_cycles(time_us):
+def time_to_cycles(time_us: float) -> int:
     cycles_per_us = 57.5
     return round(float(time_us) * cycles_per_us)
 
@@ -139,8 +141,6 @@ RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput = rp2040_pio_led_strip_ns.class_(
     "RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput", light.AddressableLight
 )
 
-RGBOrder = rp2040_pio_led_strip_ns.enum("RGBOrder")
-
 Chipset = rp2040_pio_led_strip_ns.enum("Chipset")
 
 CHIPSETS = {
@@ -159,15 +159,6 @@ class LEDStripTimings:
     T1L: int
 
 
-RGB_ORDERS = {
-    "RGB": RGBOrder.ORDER_RGB,
-    "RBG": RGBOrder.ORDER_RBG,
-    "GRB": RGBOrder.ORDER_GRB,
-    "GBR": RGBOrder.ORDER_GBR,
-    "BGR": RGBOrder.ORDER_BGR,
-    "BRG": RGBOrder.ORDER_BRG,
-}
-
 CHIPSET_TIMINGS = {
     "WS2812": LEDStripTimings(20, 40, 46, 34),
     "WS2812B": LEDStripTimings(23, 49, 46, 26),
@@ -181,7 +172,7 @@ CONF_BIT1_HIGH = "bit1_high"
 CONF_BIT1_LOW = "bit1_low"
 
 
-def _validate_timing(value):
+def _validate_timing(value: str) -> float:
     # if doesn't end with us, raise error
     if not value.endswith("us"):
         raise cv.Invalid("Timing must be in microseconds (us)")
@@ -199,10 +190,12 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.GenerateID(CONF_OUTPUT_ID): cv.declare_id(RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput),
             cv.Required(CONF_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_number,
             cv.Required(CONF_NUM_LEDS): cv.positive_not_null_int,
-            cv.Required(CONF_RGB_ORDER): cv.enum(RGB_ORDERS, upper=True),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS): light.validate_channel_colors,
+            # Deprecated in favour of CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS, remove in 2027.3.0
+            cv.Optional(CONF_RGB_ORDER): cv.one_of(*light.RGB_ORDERS, upper=True),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_IS_RGBW): cv.boolean,
             cv.Required(CONF_PIO): cv.one_of(0, 1, int=True),
             cv.Optional(CONF_CHIPSET): cv.enum(CHIPSETS, upper=True),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_IS_RGBW, default=False): cv.boolean,
             cv.Inclusive(
                 CONF_BIT0_HIGH,
                 "custom",
@@ -222,10 +215,13 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
         }
     ),
     cv.has_exactly_one_key(CONF_CHIPSET, CONF_BIT0_HIGH),
+    light.migrate_channel_colors(
+        removed_in="2027.3.0", component="rp2040_pio_led_strip"
+    ),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_OUTPUT_ID])
     id = config[CONF_ID].id
     await light.register_light(var, config)
@@ -234,8 +230,9 @@ async def to_code(config):
     cg.add(var.set_num_leds(config[CONF_NUM_LEDS]))
     cg.add(var.set_pin(config[CONF_PIN]))
 
-    cg.add(var.set_rgb_order(config[CONF_RGB_ORDER]))
-    cg.add(var.set_is_rgbw(config[CONF_IS_RGBW]))
+    cg.add(
+        var.set_channel_colors(light.channel_colors_struct(config[CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS]))
+    )
 
     cg.add(var.set_pio(config[CONF_PIO]))
     cg.add(var.set_program(cg.RawExpression(f"&rp2040_pio_led_strip_{id}_program")))
@@ -255,7 +252,6 @@ async def to_code(config):
             key,
             generate_assembly_code(
                 id,
-                config[CONF_IS_RGBW],
                 CHIPSET_TIMINGS[chipset].T0H,
                 CHIPSET_TIMINGS[chipset].T0L,
                 CHIPSET_TIMINGS[chipset].T1H,
@@ -270,7 +266,6 @@ async def to_code(config):
             key,
             generate_assembly_code(
                 id,
-                config[CONF_IS_RGBW],
                 time_to_cycles(config[CONF_BIT0_HIGH]),
                 time_to_cycles(config[CONF_BIT0_LOW]),
                 time_to_cycles(config[CONF_BIT1_HIGH]),
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040_pwm/output.py b/esphome/components/rp2040_pwm/output.py
index a2fda58c9e..a0344e8054 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040_pwm/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040_pwm/output.py
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_FREQUENCY, CONF_ID, CONF_PIN
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["rp2"]
@@ -22,7 +25,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await output.register_output(var, config)
@@ -44,7 +47,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def rp2040_set_frequency_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def rp2040_set_frequency_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_FREQUENCY], args, cg.float_)
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2_ble_tracker/__init__.py b/esphome/components/rp2_ble_tracker/__init__.py
index cfdd78f729..b744aee31c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2_ble_tracker/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2_ble_tracker/__init__.py
@@ -4,14 +4,16 @@ Scan modes:
   continuous: true  — scan runs forever; never stops automatically.
   continuous: false — a started scan runs for `duration`, then stops. The first
                       start is external too; nothing starts a non-continuous
-                      scan on boot. Until start/stop automation actions land
-                      (follow-up PR), starting means a lambda:
-                      `id(my_tracker).start_scan();`.
+                      scan on boot — use the rp2_ble_tracker.start_scan action
+                      (e.g. from api: on_client_connected:).
 """
 
+from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import ble_device_base, ota, rp2040_ble
-from esphome.components.const import CONF_SCAN_PARAMETERS, CONF_WINDOW
+from esphome.components.ble_device_base import automation as ble_automation
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_ON_SCAN_END, CONF_SCAN_PARAMETERS, CONF_WINDOW
+from esphome.components.rp2040_ble import CONF_RP2040_BLE_ID
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ACTIVE,
@@ -19,11 +21,15 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_DURATION,
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_INTERVAL,
+    CONF_MANUFACTURER_ID,
+    CONF_ON_BLE_ADVERTISE,
+    CONF_ON_BLE_MANUFACTURER_DATA_ADVERTISE,
+    CONF_ON_BLE_SERVICE_DATA_ADVERTISE,
+    CONF_SERVICE_UUID,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-CONF_RP2040_BLE_ID = "rp2040_ble_id"
-
 DEPENDENCIES = ["rp2"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "rp2040_ble"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@bdraco"]
@@ -35,6 +41,14 @@ RP2BLETracker = rp2_ble_tracker_ns.class_(
     "RP2BLETracker", ble_device_base.BLEHub, cg.Component
 )
 
+StartScanAction = rp2_ble_tracker_ns.class_("StartScanAction", automation.Action)
+StopScanAction = rp2_ble_tracker_ns.class_("StopScanAction", automation.Action)
+
+ESPBTAdvertiseTrigger = ble_automation.ESPBTAdvertiseTrigger
+BLEServiceDataAdvertiseTrigger = ble_automation.BLEServiceDataAdvertiseTrigger
+BLEManufacturerDataAdvertiseTrigger = ble_automation.BLEManufacturerDataAdvertiseTrigger
+BLEEndOfScanTrigger = ble_automation.BLEEndOfScanTrigger
+
 
 # interval defaults to 100 ms with the shared 30 ms window, a 30 % duty cycle —
 # the same defaults as bk72xx_ble_tracker, leaving the radio mostly free for
@@ -42,20 +56,42 @@ RP2BLETracker = rp2_ble_tracker_ns.class_(
 # to_code(). `active` defaults on for esp32_ble_tracker parity; it adds scan
 # request TX and roughly doubles the reports through the queue, so
 # `active: false` is the lighter choice when scan response data is not needed.
-SCAN_PARAMETERS_SCHEMA = ble_device_base.scan_parameters_schema(
-    "100ms", supports_active=True
-)
+SCAN_PARAMETERS_SCHEMA = ble_device_base.scan_parameters_schema("100ms")
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
         cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(RP2BLETracker),
         cv.GenerateID(CONF_RP2040_BLE_ID): cv.use_id(rp2040_ble.RP2040BLE),
         cv.Optional(CONF_SCAN_PARAMETERS, default={}): SCAN_PARAMETERS_SCHEMA,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_BLE_ADVERTISE): ble_automation.advertise_trigger_schema(
+            ESPBTAdvertiseTrigger
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(
+            CONF_ON_BLE_SERVICE_DATA_ADVERTISE
+        ): ble_automation.uuid_trigger_schema(
+            BLEServiceDataAdvertiseTrigger,
+            {cv.Required(CONF_SERVICE_UUID): ble_device_base.bt_uuid},
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(
+            CONF_ON_BLE_MANUFACTURER_DATA_ADVERTISE
+        ): ble_automation.uuid_trigger_schema(
+            BLEManufacturerDataAdvertiseTrigger,
+            {cv.Required(CONF_MANUFACTURER_ID): ble_device_base.bt_uuid},
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_SCAN_END): ble_automation.scan_end_trigger_schema(
+            BLEEndOfScanTrigger
+        ),
     }
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    # Selects the BLEHub alias arm in ble_device_base/ble_hub_impl.h.
+    cg.add_define("USE_RP2_BLE_TRACKER")
+    # Compiles the shared adv + scan-response merge (BTstack delivers the pair
+    # as separate reports).
+    cg.add_define("USE_BLE_SCAN_RESPONSE_MERGER")
+
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
@@ -73,4 +109,71 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add(var.set_scan_window(ble_device_base.to_ble_units(scan[CONF_WINDOW])))
     cg.add(var.set_scan_duration(scan[CONF_DURATION].total_milliseconds))
     cg.add(var.set_scan_active(scan[CONF_ACTIVE]))
-    cg.add(var.set_scan_continuous(scan[CONF_CONTINUOUS]))
+    cg.add(var.set_configured_continuous(scan[CONF_CONTINUOUS]))
+
+    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_BLE_ADVERTISE, []):
+        await ble_automation.advertise_trigger_to_code(conf, var)
+
+    for trigger_key, uuid_key, setter_prefix in (
+        (CONF_ON_BLE_SERVICE_DATA_ADVERTISE, CONF_SERVICE_UUID, "set_service_uuid"),
+        (
+            CONF_ON_BLE_MANUFACTURER_DATA_ADVERTISE,
+            CONF_MANUFACTURER_ID,
+            "set_manufacturer_uuid",
+        ),
+    ):
+        for conf in config.get(trigger_key, []):
+            await ble_automation.uuid_trigger_to_code(
+                conf, var, uuid_key, setter_prefix
+            )
+
+    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_SCAN_END, []):
+        await ble_automation.scan_end_trigger_to_code(conf, var)
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "rp2_ble_tracker.start_scan",
+    StartScanAction,
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(RP2BLETracker),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_CONTINUOUS): cv.templatable(cv.boolean),
+        }
+    ),
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def start_scan_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: list,
+) -> cg.MockObj:
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
+    await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
+    if (continuous := config.get(CONF_CONTINUOUS)) is not None:
+        template_ = await cg.templatable(continuous, args, cg.bool_)
+        cg.add(var.set_continuous(template_))
+    return var
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "rp2_ble_tracker.stop_scan",
+    StopScanAction,
+    automation.maybe_simple_id(
+        cv.Schema(
+            {
+                cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(RP2BLETracker),
+            }
+        )
+    ),
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def stop_scan_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: list,
+) -> cg.MockObj:
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
+    await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
+    return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2_ble_tracker/automation.h b/esphome/components/rp2_ble_tracker/automation.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a3cede236a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2_ble_tracker/automation.h
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// Scan-control actions for rp2_ble_tracker. The automation triggers are the
+// neutral ble_device_base classes (ble_device_base/automation.h).
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef USE_RP2
+
+#include "rp2_ble_tracker.h"
+
+#include "esphome/core/automation.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+namespace esphome::rp2_ble_tracker {
+
+template<typename... Ts> class StartScanAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<RP2BLETracker> {
+ public:
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, continuous)
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
+    // With continuous: set, the action wins. Without it, the configured value
+    // is used - stop_scan() clears the runtime flag permanently, so a bare
+    // stop_scan/start_scan pair would otherwise never resume continuous mode.
+    const bool want =
+        this->continuous_.has_value() ? this->continuous_.value(x...) : this->parent_->configured_continuous();
+    if (this->parent_->scan_running()) {
+      // Same mode on a running scan is a no-op (esp32 parity): re-anchoring
+      // the duration window here would let a repeated action keep a one-shot
+      // scan alive forever. A real mode switch re-anchors so a change to
+      // one-shot runs a full duration from now.
+      if (want != this->parent_->scan_continuous()) {
+        this->parent_->set_scan_continuous(want);
+        this->parent_->restart_scan_duration();
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+    this->parent_->set_scan_continuous(want);
+    this->parent_->start_scan();
+  }
+};
+
+template<typename... Ts> class StopScanAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<RP2BLETracker> {
+ public:
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->stop_scan(); }
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::rp2_ble_tracker
+
+#endif  // USE_RP2
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2_ble_tracker/rp2_ble_tracker.cpp b/esphome/components/rp2_ble_tracker/rp2_ble_tracker.cpp
index ed036328ae..a0a04b981d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2_ble_tracker/rp2_ble_tracker.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2_ble_tracker/rp2_ble_tracker.cpp
@@ -11,10 +11,8 @@ namespace esphome::rp2_ble_tracker {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "rp2_ble_tracker";
 
-// Minimum interval between scan start attempts on an active stack. The
-// controller start has no failure mode once HCI is WORKING, so this fires at
-// most once per enable cycle today; the floor is insurance against a future
-// scan_start() failure being retried every main-loop iteration.
+// Floor between controller start attempts; insurance against a failing
+// scan_start() being retried every loop.
 static constexpr uint32_t SCAN_START_RETRY_MS = 1000;
 
 // One BLE scan unit in milliseconds; the controller programs interval/window in these units.
@@ -24,12 +22,16 @@ void RP2BLETracker::setup() {
   // Receive the controller's scan reports; the controller queues them from the
   // BTstack packet handler (IRQ) and delivers here on the main loop.
   this->parent_->register_scan_listener(this);
+  // Merged (and unmerged) frames go to the shared dispatcher; scan_continuous_
+  // is read at each delivery to decide unclaimed-device logging.
+  this->merger_.bind(&this->dispatcher_, &this->scan_continuous_, TAG);
 #ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
   // Pause scanning while an OTA update is in flight — the BLE scan competes with
   // the OTA download on the shared CYW43 radio. Mirrors esp32_ble_tracker.
   ota::get_global_ota_callback()->add_global_state_listener(this);
 #endif
-  if (!this->scan_continuous_) {
+  // An on_boot start_scan runs before setup(); parking here would strand it.
+  if (!this->scan_continuous_ && !this->scan_running_ && !this->pending_start_) {
     // Nothing to do until an external start_scan(); the loop is re-enabled there.
     this->disable_loop();
   }
@@ -38,12 +40,21 @@ void RP2BLETracker::setup() {
 #ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
 void RP2BLETracker::on_ota_global_state(ota::OTAState state, float progress, uint8_t error, ota::OTAComponent *comp) {
   if (state == ota::OTA_STARTED) {
+    // Set before stop_scan(): its on_scan_end automations run synchronously and
+    // may call start_scan(), which must defer instead of resuming the radio.
+    this->ota_in_progress_ = true;
     this->scan_continuous_before_ota_ = this->scan_continuous_;
-    // A one-shot scan counts as pending when it is running or still retrying
-    // its start (loop enabled); captured before stop_scan() disables the loop.
-    this->scan_pending_before_ota_ = !this->scan_continuous_ && (this->scan_running_ || this->is_in_loop_state());
+    // A one-shot scan counts as pending when it is running, latched, or still
+    // retrying its start (loop enabled); captured before stop_scan() parks it.
+    this->scan_pending_before_ota_ =
+        !this->scan_continuous_ && (this->scan_running_ || this->pending_start_ || this->is_in_loop_state());
+    // The pause's own stop is not a user stop, so it must not clear the latches
+    // captured just above.
+    this->ota_pausing_ = true;
     this->stop_scan();
+    this->ota_pausing_ = false;
   } else if (state == ota::OTA_ERROR || state == ota::OTA_ABORT) {
+    this->ota_in_progress_ = false;
     // On success the device reboots, so restore only on a failed/aborted update;
     // loop()'s retry branch restarts the scan on its next iteration.
     if (this->scan_continuous_before_ota_) {
@@ -51,9 +62,7 @@ void RP2BLETracker::on_ota_global_state(ota::OTAState state, float progress, uin
       this->scan_continuous_ = true;
       this->enable_loop();
     }
-    // A one-shot scan interrupted by the OTA resumes for a fresh duration
-    // rather than silently staying idle — an OTA failure does not reboot, so
-    // nothing external would restart it.
+    // A failed OTA does not reboot, so nothing else would restart a one-shot.
     if (this->scan_pending_before_ota_) {
       this->scan_pending_before_ota_ = false;
       this->enable_loop();
@@ -63,23 +72,34 @@ void RP2BLETracker::on_ota_global_state(ota::OTAState state, float progress, uin
 #endif  // USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
 
 void RP2BLETracker::loop() {
+#ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
+  // Keeps "no radio during an OTA" local instead of emergent from the
+  // parking sites.
+  if (this->ota_in_progress_)
+    return;
+#endif
   const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+  if (this->pending_start_ && this->parent_->is_active()) {
+    // Latched start, applied once the stack is ACTIVE; earlier attempts would
+    // fail and arm the retry floor for nothing.
+    this->pending_start_ = false;
+    if (!this->scan_running_)
+      this->start_scan_();
+  }
+  // Deliver held scannable advertisements whose scan response never arrived —
+  // unmerged after the merger's timeout.
+  if (!this->merger_.empty())
+    this->merger_.sweep(now);
   if (this->scan_running_ && !this->parent_->is_active()) {
-    // The controller was disabled underneath us (e.g. a lambda calling
-    // rp2040_ble's disable()); the scan died with the stack. Reconcile so the
-    // retry branch below takes over once the user re-enables the stack.
+    // Stack disabled underneath us; reconcile so the retry branch takes over.
     this->scan_running_ = false;
     this->fire_scan_end_();
   }
   if (!this->scan_running_) {
-    // A scan should be running but is not: continuous mode is always in this
-    // state until the start succeeds, and non-continuous mode only reaches
-    // here between start_scan() and a successful controller start, because
-    // stop_scan_() disables the loop otherwise.
+    // Should be scanning but is not: continuous until the start succeeds,
+    // one-shot only between start_scan() and a successful controller start.
     if (!this->parent_->is_active()) {
-      // Stack not up (still booting, or the user called disable()) —
-      // scan_start() cannot succeed, so there is nothing to attempt; scanning
-      // starts on the first iteration after HCI reaches WORKING.
+      // Stack not up: scan_start() cannot succeed yet.
       return;
     }
     if (now - this->last_scan_start_attempt_ >= SCAN_START_RETRY_MS) {
@@ -100,7 +120,7 @@ void RP2BLETracker::loop() {
 
   // Non-continuous mode: run for scan_duration_ ms, then stop and fire on_scan_end.
   // Restart is driven externally (e.g. api: on_client_connected:).
-  if (now - this->scan_period_start_ >= this->scan_duration_) {
+  if (now - this->scan_start_time_ >= this->scan_duration_) {
     this->stop_scan_();
   }
 }
@@ -119,48 +139,76 @@ void RP2BLETracker::dump_config() {
                 YESNO(this->scan_continuous_));
 }
 
-void RP2BLETracker::on_scan_report(const rp2040_ble::BLEScanReport &report) {
-  // Raw callback (the raw-advertisement path).
-  if (this->raw_advertisement_callback_.is_set()) {
-    const ble_device_base::RawAdvertisement adv{.mac = report.mac,
-                                                .data = report.data,
-                                                .data_len = report.data_len,
-                                                .rssi = report.rssi,
-                                                .addr_type = report.addr_type};
-    this->raw_advertisement_callback_.invoke(adv);
-  }
+// Core spec advertising report event types (BTstack headers stay out of this
+// TU). ADV_IND and ADV_SCAN_IND are the scannable ones.
+static constexpr uint8_t ADV_EVENT_TYPE_ADV_IND = 0;
+static constexpr uint8_t ADV_EVENT_TYPE_ADV_SCAN_IND = 2;
+static constexpr uint8_t ADV_EVENT_TYPE_SCAN_RSP = 4;
 
-#ifdef ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT
-  ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice device;
-  device.from_scan_result(report.mac, report.rssi, report.addr_type, report.data, report.data_len);
-  bool found = false;
-  for (auto *listener : this->listeners_) {
-    if (listener->parse_device(device))
-      found = true;
+// BTstack delivers the pair as separate reports; the merger holds a scannable
+// advertisement until its response arrives.
+void RP2BLETracker::on_scan_report(const rp2040_ble::BLEScanReport &report) {
+  if (report.adv_event_type == ADV_EVENT_TYPE_SCAN_RSP) {
+    this->merger_.submit_scan_rsp(report.mac, report.rssi, report.addr_type, report.data, report.data_len);
+    return;
   }
-  // Mirror esp32_ble_tracker: log a newly-seen device only when nothing claimed
-  // it and the scan is one-shot (continuous scans would spam).
-  if (!found && !this->scan_continuous_)
-    this->discovered_log_.log_device(TAG, device);
-#endif  // ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT
+  // Only while an active scan runs: nothing sweeps the merger after a stop.
+  if (this->scan_running_ && this->scan_active_ &&
+      (report.adv_event_type == ADV_EVENT_TYPE_ADV_IND || report.adv_event_type == ADV_EVENT_TYPE_ADV_SCAN_IND)) {
+    this->merger_.stash_adv(report.mac, report.rssi, report.addr_type, report.data, report.data_len,
+                            App.get_loop_component_start_time());
+    return;
+  }
+  this->dispatcher_.dispatch(report.mac, report.rssi, report.addr_type, report.data, report.data_len,
+                             /*raw_only=*/false, this->scan_continuous_ ? nullptr : TAG);
 }
 
 void RP2BLETracker::start_scan() {
   // Mirrors esp32_ble_tracker::start_scan(): caller sets scan_continuous_ via
   // set_scan_continuous() first, then calls start_scan() to begin scanning.
+#ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
+  if (this->ota_in_progress_) {
+    // Defer to the post-OTA resume path, carrying the requested mode. Not
+    // while ota_pausing_: scan_continuous_ is an artefact of the pause's own
+    // stop there, not intent.
+    if (!this->ota_pausing_) {
+      this->scan_continuous_before_ota_ = this->scan_continuous_;
+      this->scan_pending_before_ota_ = !this->scan_continuous_;
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+#endif
   this->enable_loop();
+  if (!this->is_ready() || !this->parent_->is_active()) {
+    // Pre-setup or stack not ACTIVE: latch, loop() applies it.
+    this->pending_start_ = true;
+    return;
+  }
+  // bk72xx force semantics: a user start jumps the floor only while the
+  // controller is healthy. loop()'s retry branch picks the request up.
+  if (this->last_start_failed_ &&
+      App.get_loop_component_start_time() - this->last_scan_start_attempt_ < SCAN_START_RETRY_MS) {
+    return;
+  }
   this->start_scan_();
 }
 
+void RP2BLETracker::restart_scan_duration() {
+  if (!this->scan_running_)
+    return;  // start_scan_() anchors the clock itself on the next real start
+  // One-shot clock only (bk72xx parity); re-anchoring the period would let
+  // repeated actions starve on_scan_end. Same clock as loop()'s now.
+  this->scan_start_time_ = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+}
+
 bool RP2BLETracker::request_scan_mode(bool active) {
   if (this->scan_active_ == active)
     return true;
   this->scan_active_ = active;
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Scan mode %s", active ? "active" : "passive");
-  // Apply to a running scan by restarting the CONTROLLER scan with the new
-  // mode, bypassing the tracker's stop/start bookkeeping: no on_scan_end (the
-  // scan logically continues, only the request mode changes), no period reset.
-  // An idle scanner picks the mode up on its next start.
+  // V: the proxy's "Setting scanner mode" line already narrates this at D.
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Scan mode %s", active ? "active" : "passive");
+  // Restart the controller scan only: the scan logically continues, so no
+  // on_scan_end and no period reset. An idle scanner applies it on next start.
   if (this->scan_running_) {
     this->parent_->scan_stop();
     if (!this->controller_scan_start_()) {
@@ -174,20 +222,34 @@ bool RP2BLETracker::request_scan_mode(bool active) {
 }
 
 void RP2BLETracker::stop_scan() {
+  // Cancel a start latched before setup(); without this an on_boot
+  // start_scan/stop_scan pair would still start at the first loop().
+  this->pending_start_ = false;
   this->scan_continuous_ = false;
+#ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
+  // A user stop during the OTA is the latest intent; the pause's own stop
+  // (ota_pausing_) is exempt - it armed that state.
+  if (this->ota_in_progress_ && !this->ota_pausing_) {
+    this->scan_pending_before_ota_ = false;
+    this->scan_continuous_before_ota_ = false;
+  }
+#endif
   this->stop_scan_();
-  // stop_scan_() early-returns when no scan is running, so disable the loop
-  // here too: a scan that never came up (stack still powering on at OTA start)
-  // must not keep attempting scan_start() from the loop's retry branch.
-  this->disable_loop();
+  // stop_scan_() early-returns when idle, so park here too - once set up, and
+  // re-checked: its synchronous on_scan_end may have restarted the scan.
+  if (this->is_ready() && !this->scan_running_ && !this->pending_start_) {
+    this->disable_loop();
+  }
 }
 
 // Stamp-and-start for every controller scan attempt: the stamp keeps the
 // SCAN_START_RETRY_MS floor covering all callers, not only loop()'s retry.
 bool RP2BLETracker::controller_scan_start_() {
   this->last_scan_start_attempt_ = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
-  return this->parent_->scan_start(static_cast<uint16_t>(this->scan_interval_),
-                                   static_cast<uint16_t>(this->scan_window_), this->scan_active_);
+  const bool ok = this->parent_->scan_start(static_cast<uint16_t>(this->scan_interval_),
+                                            static_cast<uint16_t>(this->scan_window_), this->scan_active_);
+  this->last_start_failed_ = !ok;
+  return ok;
 }
 
 void RP2BLETracker::start_scan_() {
@@ -198,19 +260,15 @@ void RP2BLETracker::start_scan_() {
     return;
 
   this->scan_running_ = true;
-  // Log every explicit start at DEBUG — stop_scan_() logs every stop at DEBUG, and
-  // in non-continuous mode each period is an explicit start, so asymmetric logging
-  // would read as the scanner failing to come back up.
+  // Symmetric with stop_scan_()'s stop log; asymmetry would read as the
+  // scanner failing to come back.
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Scan started (%s, window=%.0fms, interval=%.0fms)",
            this->scan_active_ ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("active") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("passive"),
            this->scan_window_ * BLE_SCAN_UNIT_MS, this->scan_interval_ * BLE_SCAN_UNIT_MS);
-  // Re-anchor the scan period to every successful start — first start (so the
-  // period counts from the scan, not from boot) and every restart after a stop (so
-  // resuming after longer than scan_duration, e.g. a failed OTA restoring continuous
-  // mode 10 minutes later, does not fire on_scan_end before an advertisement can
-  // arrive). Same clock as loop()'s `now`: a fresh millis() here would be ahead of
-  // the cached loop time and make the same-iteration period check underflow.
+  // Anchor the period to the scan, not to boot, so a restart after a long gap
+  // does not fire on_scan_end immediately. Same clock as loop()'s now.
   this->scan_period_start_ = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+  this->scan_start_time_ = this->scan_period_start_;
 }
 
 void RP2BLETracker::stop_scan_() {
@@ -222,18 +280,19 @@ void RP2BLETracker::stop_scan_() {
   this->fire_scan_end_();
   // Reset the period clock so on_scan_end does not double-fire; same clock as loop().
   this->scan_period_start_ = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
-  if (!this->scan_continuous_) {
+  // on_scan_end runs synchronously and may restart the scan; re-check before
+  // parking or that scan runs untimed.
+  if (!this->scan_continuous_ && !this->scan_running_ && !this->pending_start_) {
     // Nothing left to time; start_scan() re-enables the loop.
     this->disable_loop();
   }
 }
 
 void RP2BLETracker::fire_scan_end_() {
-#ifdef ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT
-  for (auto *listener : this->listeners_)
-    listener->on_scan_end();
-  this->discovered_log_.clear();  // reset per-scan "Found device" dedup (esp32_ble_tracker parity)
-#endif
+  // Deliver held advertisements whose scan response never came (unmerged)
+  // BEFORE on_scan_end fires.
+  this->merger_.flush();
+  this->dispatcher_.on_scan_end();
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::rp2_ble_tracker
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2_ble_tracker/rp2_ble_tracker.h b/esphome/components/rp2_ble_tracker/rp2_ble_tracker.h
index 70ececb528..af5250fe7e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2_ble_tracker/rp2_ble_tracker.h
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2_ble_tracker/rp2_ble_tracker.h
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 #include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_hub.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/scan_response_merger.h"
 #include "esphome/components/rp2040_ble/rp2040_ble.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
@@ -17,7 +18,6 @@
 namespace esphome::rp2_ble_tracker {
 
 class RP2BLETracker : public Component,
-                      public ble_device_base::BLEHub,
                       public rp2040_ble::BLEScanListener,
                       public Parented<rp2040_ble::RP2040BLE>
 #ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
@@ -44,38 +44,47 @@ class RP2BLETracker : public Component,
   void set_scan_duration(uint32_t scan_duration) { this->scan_duration_ = scan_duration; }
   void set_scan_active(bool scan_active) { this->scan_active_ = scan_active; }
   void set_scan_continuous(bool scan_continuous) { this->scan_continuous_ = scan_continuous; }
+  void set_configured_continuous(bool scan_continuous) {
+    this->configured_continuous_ = scan_continuous;
+    this->scan_continuous_ = scan_continuous;
+  }
+  bool scan_continuous() const { return this->scan_continuous_; }
+  bool configured_continuous() const { return this->configured_continuous_; }
 
   // ---- Public scan control ----
   // Mirrors esp32_ble_tracker: set_scan_continuous() + start_scan() / stop_scan().
   void start_scan();
   void stop_scan();
+  // Re-anchors the one-shot duration clock only (bk72xx parity); no-op while
+  // idle. Policy lives in the action.
+  void restart_scan_duration();
 
   // ---- ble_device_base::BLEHub contract ----
-  void register_listener(ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener *listener) override {
-#ifdef ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT
-    this->listeners_.push_back(listener);
+  void register_listener(ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener *listener) {
+    this->dispatcher_.register_listener(listener);
+  }
+  void set_raw_advertisement_callback(ble_device_base::RawAdvertisementCallback callback) {
+    this->dispatcher_.set_raw_advertisement_callback(callback);
+  }
+  static constexpr ble_device_base::HubCapabilities get_capabilities() {
+    // Scan responses arrive separately and are merged before delivery
+    // (Bluedroid semantics). GATT needs the BTstack connection backend.
+#ifdef USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
+    constexpr bool has_gatt = true;
+#else
+    constexpr bool has_gatt = false;
 #endif
-  }
-  void set_raw_advertisement_callback(ble_device_base::RawAdvertisementCallback callback) override {
-    this->raw_advertisement_callback_ = callback;
-  }
-  ble_device_base::HubCapabilities get_capabilities() const override {
-    // BTstack delivers scan responses as separate advertisement reports rather
-    // than merging them into the advertisement — consumers relying on
-    // scan-response fields (device names) get them only where the receiver
-    // merges per address (Home Assistant does). No GATT path yet.
-    return {.active_scan = true, .merges_scan_response = false, .gatt = false, .scan_mode_switch = true};
+    return {.active_scan = true, .merges_scan_response = true, .gatt = has_gatt, .scan_mode_switch = true};
   }
   // The controller stores the address in printable (MSB-first) order, which is
   // exactly what the contract wants.
-  void get_adapter_mac(uint8_t out[6]) override { this->parent_->get_mac_msb_first(out); }
-  bool scan_running() override { return this->scan_running_; }
-  bool scan_active() override { return this->scan_active_; }
-  bool request_scan_mode(bool active) override;
+  void get_adapter_mac(uint8_t out[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE]) { this->parent_->get_mac_msb_first(out); }
+  bool scan_running() { return this->scan_running_; }
+  bool scan_active() { return this->scan_active_; }
+  bool request_scan_mode(bool active);
 
   // ---- rp2040_ble::BLEScanListener ----
-  // Delivered by the controller's loop() on the ESPHome main loop — the
-  // IRQ → main-loop handoff already happened in the controller's queue.
+  // Delivered on the main loop; the controller's queue did the IRQ handoff.
   void on_scan_report(const rp2040_ble::BLEScanReport &report) override;
 
  protected:
@@ -90,25 +99,31 @@ class RP2BLETracker : public Component,
   uint32_t scan_window_{48};     // 48 × 0.625 ms = 30 ms (30/100 = 30 %)
   uint32_t scan_duration_{300000};
   uint32_t last_scan_start_attempt_{0};  // loop time of last start_scan_() attempt; rate-limits retries
-  uint32_t scan_period_start_{0};        // loop time at start of current scan period; rate-limits on_scan_end()
-  bool scan_running_{false};
-  bool scan_active_{true};
+  uint32_t scan_period_start_{0};        // continuous-mode on_scan_end period clock
+  uint32_t scan_start_time_{0};          // one-shot duration clock (bk72xx parity: kept separate from the period)
+  // Bit-packed (C++20 default member initializers on bit-fields);
+  // scan_continuous_ stays a plain bool because the merger binds its address.
+  bool scan_running_ : 1 {false};
+  bool pending_start_ : 1 {false};      // start_scan() latched before setup() or while the stack is
+                                        // not ACTIVE; loop() applies it once it is
+  bool last_start_failed_ : 1 {false};  // last controller start failed; gates the public start_scan() floor
+  bool scan_active_ : 1 {true};
+  bool configured_continuous_ : 1 {true};  // YAML scan_parameters.continuous; runtime stop_scan() must not lose it
   bool scan_continuous_{true};
 #ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
-  bool scan_continuous_before_ota_{false};  // continuous mode saved at OTA start, restored on OTA failure
-  bool scan_pending_before_ota_{false};     // one-shot scan in flight at OTA start, resumed on OTA failure
+  // Resume intent for a failed/aborted OTA: seeded at OTA start, overwritten
+  // by a start/stop during the download, except from the pause's own stop.
+  bool scan_continuous_before_ota_ : 1 {false};  // resume continuous
+  bool scan_pending_before_ota_ : 1 {false};     // resume a one-shot scan
+  bool ota_in_progress_ : 1 {false};             // OTA holds the radio; start_scan() defers to the resume path
+  bool ota_pausing_ : 1 {false};                 // inside the OTA's own stop_scan(); its latch clear is skipped
 #endif
 
-  ble_device_base::RawAdvertisementCallback raw_advertisement_callback_{};
-#ifdef ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT
-  // Parsed-advertisement consumers registered through ble_device_base.
-  // Codegen-sized: no heap allocation, no std::vector template instantiations.
-  StaticVector<ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener *, ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT> listeners_;
-  // Per-period "Found device" DEBUG log with MAC dedup — shared implementation
-  // in ble_device_base, identical output on every tracker backend. Guarded like
-  // its only writer so a no-listener build does not carry an unused vector.
-  ble_device_base::DiscoveredDeviceLog discovered_log_{};
-#endif
+  // Shared merge + dispatch (ble_device_base), all on the main loop.
+  // stash_adv() uses the parent's cached loop time and sweep() this one's -
+  // same App.loop() pass, so the merger delta stays non-negative.
+  ble_device_base::ScanResponseMerger merger_;
+  ble_device_base::AdvDispatcher dispatcher_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::rp2_ble_tracker
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2_pio/__init__.py b/esphome/components/rp2_pio/__init__.py
index 9046d2ae6b..915ab73b87 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2_pio/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2_pio/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import platform
 
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["rp2"]
 
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ PIOASM_DOWNLOADS = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # cg.add_platformio_option(
     #     "platform_packages",
     #     [
diff --git a/esphome/components/rpi_dpi_rgb/display.py b/esphome/components/rpi_dpi_rgb/display.py
index 314852832c..1ca29a3259 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rpi_dpi_rgb/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rpi_dpi_rgb/display.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable
 import logging
+from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -38,6 +40,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_VSYNC_PIN,
     CONF_WIDTH,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32"]
 LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -53,7 +56,7 @@ COLOR_ORDERS = {
 DATA_PIN_SCHEMA = pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_schema
 
 
-def data_pin_validate(value):
+def data_pin_validate(value: Any) -> ConfigType:
     """
     It is safe to use strapping pins as RGB output data bits, as they are outputs only,
     and not initialised until after boot.
@@ -68,7 +71,7 @@ def data_pin_validate(value):
     return DATA_PIN_SCHEMA(value)
 
 
-def data_pin_set(length):
+def data_pin_set(length: int) -> Callable[[Any], Any]:
     return cv.All(
         [data_pin_validate],
         cv.Length(min=length, max=length, msg=f"Exactly {length} data pins required"),
@@ -128,7 +131,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     LOGGER.warning(
         "The 'rpi_dpi_rgb' component is deprecated, it is recommended to use 'mipi_rgb' instead."
     )
diff --git a/esphome/components/rpi_dpi_rgb/rpi_dpi_rgb.cpp b/esphome/components/rpi_dpi_rgb/rpi_dpi_rgb.cpp
index aacb217965..c0afc0607e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rpi_dpi_rgb/rpi_dpi_rgb.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/rpi_dpi_rgb/rpi_dpi_rgb.cpp
@@ -75,8 +75,9 @@ void RpiDpiRgb::draw_pixels_at(int x_start, int y_start, int w, int h, const uin
         break;
     }
   }
-  if (err != ESP_OK)
+  if (err != ESP_OK) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "lcd_lcd_panel_draw_bitmap failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
+  }
 }
 
 int RpiDpiRgb::get_width() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/rtl87xx/__init__.py b/esphome/components/rtl87xx/__init__.py
index a8eabae9a0..88928b2bce 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rtl87xx/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rtl87xx/__init__.py
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ from esphome.components.libretiny.const import (
     LibreTinyComponent,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .boards import RTL87XX_BOARD_PINS, RTL87XX_BOARDS
 
@@ -45,7 +47,7 @@ COMPONENT_DATA = LibreTinyComponent(
 )
 
 
-def _set_core_data(config):
+def _set_core_data(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     CORE.data[KEY_LIBRETINY] = {}
     CORE.data[KEY_LIBRETINY][KEY_COMPONENT_DATA] = COMPONENT_DATA
     return config
@@ -62,12 +64,12 @@ PIN_SCHEMA = libretiny.gpio.BASE_PIN_SCHEMA
 CONFIG_SCHEMA.prepend_extra(_set_core_data)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     return await libretiny.component_to_code(config)
 
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register("rtl87xx", PIN_SCHEMA)
-async def pin_to_code(config):
+async def pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     return await libretiny.gpio.component_pin_to_code(config)
 
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/rtttl/__init__.py b/esphome/components/rtttl/__init__.py
index 4880f9ac41..b6c4183586 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rtttl/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rtttl/__init__.py
@@ -6,7 +6,10 @@ from esphome.components.output import FloatOutput
 from esphome.components.speaker import Speaker
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_GAIN, CONF_ID, CONF_OUTPUT, CONF_PLATFORM, CONF_SPEAKER
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -37,7 +40,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def validate_parent_output_config(value):
+def validate_parent_output_config(value: ConfigType) -> None:
     platform = value.get(CONF_PLATFORM)
     PWM_GOOD = ["esp8266_pwm", "ledc"]
     PWM_BAD = [
@@ -78,7 +81,7 @@ _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
@@ -110,7 +113,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def rtttl_play_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def rtttl_play_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_RTTTL], args, cg.std_string)
@@ -128,7 +136,12 @@ async def rtttl_play_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def rtttl_stop_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def rtttl_stop_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
@@ -143,7 +156,12 @@ async def rtttl_stop_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
         }
     ),
 )
-async def rtttl_is_playing_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
+async def rtttl_is_playing_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    condition_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_image/__init__.py b/esphome/components/runtime_image/__init__.py
index d8517d4493..e27fcadbee 100644
--- a/esphome/components/runtime_image/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/__init__.py
@@ -5,10 +5,12 @@ from esphome.components.const import CONF_BYTE_ORDER
 from esphome.components.image import (
     IMAGE_TYPE,
     Image_,
+    validate_byte_order,
     validate_settings,
     validate_transparency,
     validate_type,
 )
+from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_defines
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_FORMAT, CONF_ID, CONF_RESIZE, CONF_TYPE
 from esphome.core import CORE
@@ -26,6 +28,7 @@ ImageDecoder = runtime_image_ns.class_("ImageDecoder")
 BmpDecoder = runtime_image_ns.class_("BmpDecoder", ImageDecoder)
 JpegDecoder = runtime_image_ns.class_("JpegDecoder", ImageDecoder)
 PngDecoder = runtime_image_ns.class_("PngDecoder", ImageDecoder)
+QoiDecoder = runtime_image_ns.class_("QoiDecoder", ImageDecoder)
 
 # Runtime image class
 RuntimeImage = runtime_image_ns.class_(
@@ -35,9 +38,10 @@ RuntimeImage = runtime_image_ns.class_(
 # Image format enum
 ImageFormat = runtime_image_ns.enum("ImageFormat")
 IMAGE_FORMAT_AUTO = ImageFormat.AUTO
+IMAGE_FORMAT_BMP = ImageFormat.BMP
 IMAGE_FORMAT_JPEG = ImageFormat.JPEG
 IMAGE_FORMAT_PNG = ImageFormat.PNG
-IMAGE_FORMAT_BMP = ImageFormat.BMP
+IMAGE_FORMAT_QOI = ImageFormat.QOI
 
 # Export enum for decode errors
 DecodeError = runtime_image_ns.enum("DecodeError")
@@ -57,10 +61,22 @@ class Format:
         """Add defines and libraries needed for this format."""
 
 
+class AUTOFormat(Format):
+    """AUTO format - detect from MIME type."""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__("AUTO", None)
+
+    def actions(self) -> None:
+        # dict.fromkeys dedupes the JPG/JPEG alias so each format runs once
+        for image_format in dict.fromkeys(IMAGE_FORMATS.values()):
+            image_format.actions()
+
+
 class BMPFormat(Format):
     """BMP format decoder configuration."""
 
-    def __init__(self):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
         super().__init__("BMP", BmpDecoder)
 
     def actions(self) -> None:
@@ -70,12 +86,17 @@ class BMPFormat(Format):
 class JPEGFormat(Format):
     """JPEG format decoder configuration."""
 
-    def __init__(self):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
         super().__init__("JPEG", JpegDecoder)
 
     def actions(self) -> None:
         cg.add_define("USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_JPEG")
         cg.add_library("JPEGDEC", "1.8.4", "https://github.com/bitbank2/JPEGDEC#1.8.4")
+        if CORE.is_host:
+            # JPEGDEC's host detection checks __MACH__/__LINUX__, but gcc only
+            # predefines the lowercase __linux__; without this a Linux host
+            # build tries to include Arduino.h.
+            cg.add_build_flag("-D__LINUX__")
         if CORE.is_esp32:
             from esphome.components.esp32 import add_idf_component
 
@@ -88,7 +109,7 @@ class JPEGFormat(Format):
 class PNGFormat(Format):
     """PNG format decoder configuration."""
 
-    def __init__(self):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
         super().__init__("PNG", PngDecoder)
 
     def actions(self) -> None:
@@ -96,18 +117,47 @@ class PNGFormat(Format):
         cg.add_library("pngle", "1.1.0")
 
 
+class QOIFormat(Format):
+    """QOI format decoder configuration."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__("QOI", QoiDecoder)
+
+    def actions(self) -> None:
+        cg.add_define("USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_QOI")
+
+
+# Decodable formats only; platforms that support runtime detection accept
+# "AUTO" in their own schema and get_format() resolves it
+_JPEG_FORMAT = JPEGFormat()
+
 # Registry of available formats
 IMAGE_FORMATS = {
     "BMP": BMPFormat(),
-    "JPEG": JPEGFormat(),
+    "JPEG": _JPEG_FORMAT,
+    "JPG": _JPEG_FORMAT,  # Alias for JPEG
     "PNG": PNGFormat(),
-    "JPG": JPEGFormat(),  # Alias for JPEG
+    "QOI": QOIFormat(),
 }
 
+FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_defines(
+    {
+        "bmp_decoder.cpp": "USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_BMP",
+        "jpeg_decoder.cpp": "USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_JPEG",
+        "png_decoder.cpp": "USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_PNG",
+        "qoi_decoder.cpp": "USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_QOI",
+    }
+)
+
+AUTO_FORMAT = AUTOFormat()
+
 
 def get_format(format_name: str) -> Format | None:
     """Get a format instance by name."""
-    return IMAGE_FORMATS.get(format_name.upper())
+    name = format_name.upper()
+    if name == "AUTO":
+        return AUTO_FORMAT
+    return IMAGE_FORMATS.get(name)
 
 
 def enable_format(format_name: str) -> Format | None:
@@ -128,9 +178,7 @@ def runtime_image_schema(image_class: cg.MockObjClass = RuntimeImage) -> cv.Sche
             cv.Required(CONF_FORMAT): cv.one_of(*IMAGE_FORMATS, upper=True),
             cv.Optional(CONF_RESIZE): cv.dimensions,
             cv.Required(CONF_TYPE): validate_type(IMAGE_TYPE),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_BYTE_ORDER): cv.one_of(
-                "BIG_ENDIAN", "LITTLE_ENDIAN", upper=True
-            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_BYTE_ORDER): validate_byte_order,
             cv.Optional(CONF_TRANSPARENCY, default="OPAQUE"): validate_transparency(),
             cv.Optional(CONF_PLACEHOLDER): cv.use_id(Image_),
         }
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_image/bmp_decoder.cpp b/esphome/components/runtime_image/bmp_decoder.cpp
index 6a1bd61d86..204d6cc14b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/runtime_image/bmp_decoder.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/bmp_decoder.cpp
@@ -12,6 +12,22 @@ namespace esphome::runtime_image {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "image_decoder.bmp";
 
+void BmpDecoder::reset() {
+  ImageDecoder::reset();
+  this->bits_per_pixel_ = 0;
+  this->compression_method_ = 0;
+  this->image_data_size_ = 0;
+  this->width_ = 0;
+  this->height_ = 0;
+  this->current_index_ = 0;
+  this->paint_index_ = 0;
+  // color_table_ is deliberately kept allocated so the next decode can reuse it
+  this->color_table_entries_ = 0;
+  this->data_offset_ = 0;
+  this->padding_bytes_ = 0;
+  this->width_bytes_ = 0;
+}
+
 int HOT BmpDecoder::decode(uint8_t *buffer, size_t size) {
   size_t index = 0;
   if (this->current_index_ == 0) {
@@ -64,6 +80,10 @@ int HOT BmpDecoder::decode(uint8_t *buffer, size_t size) {
 
     this->width_ = encode_uint32(buffer[21], buffer[20], buffer[19], buffer[18]);
     this->height_ = encode_uint32(buffer[25], buffer[24], buffer[23], buffer[22]);
+    if (this->width_ <= 0 || this->height_ <= 0) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid image dimensions: (%zdx%zd)", this->width_, this->height_);
+      return DECODE_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_FORMAT;
+    }
     this->bits_per_pixel_ = encode_uint16(buffer[29], buffer[28]);
     this->compression_method_ = encode_uint32(buffer[33], buffer[32], buffer[31], buffer[30]);
     this->image_data_size_ = encode_uint32(buffer[37], buffer[36], buffer[35], buffer[34]);
@@ -85,7 +105,10 @@ int HOT BmpDecoder::decode(uint8_t *buffer, size_t size) {
         size_t header_size = encode_uint32(buffer[17], buffer[16], buffer[15], buffer[14]);
         size_t offset = 14 + header_size;
 
-        this->color_table_ = std::make_unique<uint32_t[]>(this->color_table_entries_);
+        if (this->color_table_entries_ > this->color_table_capacity_) {
+          this->color_table_ = std::make_unique<uint32_t[]>(this->color_table_entries_);
+          this->color_table_capacity_ = this->color_table_entries_;
+        }
 
         for (size_t i = 0; i < this->color_table_entries_; i++) {
           this->color_table_[i] = encode_uint32(buffer[offset + i * 4 + 3], buffer[offset + i * 4 + 2],
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_image/bmp_decoder.h b/esphome/components/runtime_image/bmp_decoder.h
index a52a561584..01acc41f91 100644
--- a/esphome/components/runtime_image/bmp_decoder.h
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/bmp_decoder.h
@@ -21,8 +21,9 @@ class BmpDecoder : public ImageDecoder {
    *
    * @param image The RuntimeImage to decode the stream into.
    */
-  BmpDecoder(RuntimeImage *image) : ImageDecoder(image) {}
+  BmpDecoder(RuntimeImage *image) : ImageDecoder(image, BMP) {}
 
+  void reset() override;
   int HOT decode(uint8_t *buffer, size_t size) override;
 
   bool is_finished() const override {
@@ -35,17 +36,18 @@ class BmpDecoder : public ImageDecoder {
   }
 
  protected:
+  std::unique_ptr<uint32_t[]> color_table_;
   size_t current_index_{0};
   size_t paint_index_{0};
   ssize_t width_{0};
   ssize_t height_{0};
-  uint16_t bits_per_pixel_{0};
+  size_t width_bytes_{0};
+  size_t data_offset_{0};
   uint32_t compression_method_{0};
   uint32_t image_data_size_{0};
   uint32_t color_table_entries_{0};
-  std::unique_ptr<uint32_t[]> color_table_;
-  size_t width_bytes_{0};
-  size_t data_offset_{0};
+  uint32_t color_table_capacity_{0};  // Allocated entries in color_table_, kept across decodes
+  uint16_t bits_per_pixel_{0};
   uint8_t padding_bytes_{0};
 };
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_image/image_decoder.h b/esphome/components/runtime_image/image_decoder.h
index 6d351a10aa..2a8b393888 100644
--- a/esphome/components/runtime_image/image_decoder.h
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/image_decoder.h
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 #include "esphome/core/color.h"
+#include "image_format.h"
 
 namespace esphome::runtime_image {
 
@@ -36,18 +37,41 @@ class ImageDecoder {
    * @brief Construct a new Image Decoder object
    *
    * @param image The RuntimeImage to decode the stream into.
+   * @param format The image format this decoder handles.
    */
-  ImageDecoder(RuntimeImage *image) : image_(image) {}
+  ImageDecoder(RuntimeImage *image, ImageFormat format) : image_(image), format_(format) {}
   virtual ~ImageDecoder() = default;
 
+  /// @brief Get the image format handled by this decoder.
+  ImageFormat get_format() const { return this->format_; }
+
+  /// @brief Check if a decoding session is in progress (prepare() called, reset() not yet).
+  bool is_active() const { return this->active_; }
+
   /**
-   * @brief Initialize the decoder.
+   * @brief Reset the decoder state, ending any decoding session.
+   *        Subclasses should override this method to reset any format-specific state.
+   *        Buffers the next decode can reuse should be kept allocated to avoid heap churn.
+   */
+  virtual void reset() {
+    this->active_ = false;
+    this->expected_size_ = 0;
+    this->decoded_bytes_ = 0;
+    this->size_valid_ = true;
+    this->x_scale_ = 1.0;
+    this->y_scale_ = 1.0;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Initialize the decoder, starting a new decoding session.
    *
    * @param expected_size Hint about the expected data size (0 if unknown).
    * @return int          Returns 0 on success, a {@see DecodeError} value in case of an error.
    */
   virtual int prepare(size_t expected_size) {
+    this->reset();
     this->expected_size_ = expected_size;
+    this->active_ = true;
     return 0;
   }
 
@@ -103,11 +127,13 @@ class ImageDecoder {
   }
 
  protected:
+  double x_scale_ = 1.0;
+  double y_scale_ = 1.0;
   RuntimeImage *image_;
   size_t expected_size_ = 0;  // Expected data size (0 if unknown)
   size_t decoded_bytes_ = 0;  // Bytes processed so far
-  double x_scale_ = 1.0;
-  double y_scale_ = 1.0;
+  const ImageFormat format_;
+  bool active_ = false;     // A decoding session is in progress
   bool size_valid_ = true;  // Last set_size() result; draw() no-ops while false
 };
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_image/image_format.cpp b/esphome/components/runtime_image/image_format.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9db8490415
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/image_format.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "image_format.h"
+
+namespace esphome::runtime_image {
+
+struct MimeLookup {
+  const char *mime_type;
+  ImageFormat format;
+};
+
+// The first entry per format is its canonical MIME type; the rest are aliases
+// seen from real servers (older IIS, CDNs, S3)
+static constexpr MimeLookup MIME_LOOKUP_TABLE[] = {
+#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_BMP
+    {"image/bmp", ImageFormat::BMP},   {"image/x-ms-bmp", ImageFormat::BMP}, {"image/x-bmp", ImageFormat::BMP},
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_JPEG
+    {"image/jpeg", ImageFormat::JPEG}, {"image/jpg", ImageFormat::JPEG},
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_PNG
+    {"image/png", ImageFormat::PNG},   {"image/x-png", ImageFormat::PNG},
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_QOI
+    {"image/qoi", ImageFormat::QOI},   {"image/x-qoi", ImageFormat::QOI},
+#endif
+};
+
+const char *get_mime_type_for_format(ImageFormat format) {
+  for (const auto &entry : MIME_LOOKUP_TABLE) {
+    if (entry.format == format) {
+      return entry.mime_type;
+    }
+  }
+  return "image/*";  // AUTO or compiled-out format
+}
+
+std::optional<ImageFormat> get_format_for_mime_type(const char *mime_type) {
+  for (const auto &entry : MIME_LOOKUP_TABLE) {
+    if (str_contains_ignore_case(mime_type, entry.mime_type)) {
+      return entry.format;
+    }
+  }
+  return std::nullopt;
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::runtime_image
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_image/image_format.h b/esphome/components/runtime_image/image_format.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..72bd81a06e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/image_format.h
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <optional>
+
+namespace esphome::runtime_image {
+
+/**
+ * @brief Image format types that can be decoded dynamically.
+ */
+enum ImageFormat {
+  /** Format is supplied per decode, e.g. detected from the Content-Type header
+   *  by online_image; sniffing the image data is not implemented. */
+  AUTO,
+  /** BMP format. */
+  BMP,
+  /** JPEG format. */
+  JPEG,
+  /** PNG format. */
+  PNG,
+  /** QOI format. */
+  QOI,
+};
+
+/// Canonical MIME type for a format; "image/*" for AUTO/unknown
+const char *get_mime_type_for_format(ImageFormat format);
+/// Case-insensitive substring match of known media types; nullopt if none found
+std::optional<ImageFormat> get_format_for_mime_type(const char *mime_type);
+
+}  // namespace esphome::runtime_image
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_image/jpeg_decoder.cpp b/esphome/components/runtime_image/jpeg_decoder.cpp
index c46e86fd0d..85ec945259 100644
--- a/esphome/components/runtime_image/jpeg_decoder.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/jpeg_decoder.cpp
@@ -52,12 +52,6 @@ static int draw_callback(JPEGDRAW *jpeg) {
   return 1;
 }
 
-int JpegDecoder::prepare(size_t expected_size) {
-  ImageDecoder::prepare(expected_size);
-  // JPEG decoder needs complete data before decoding
-  return 0;
-}
-
 int HOT JpegDecoder::decode(uint8_t *buffer, size_t size) {
   // JPEG decoder requires complete data
   // If we know the expected size, wait for it
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_image/jpeg_decoder.h b/esphome/components/runtime_image/jpeg_decoder.h
index ed2401e263..67c9b77f4d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/runtime_image/jpeg_decoder.h
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/jpeg_decoder.h
@@ -18,10 +18,9 @@ class JpegDecoder : public ImageDecoder {
    *
    * @param image The RuntimeImage to decode the stream into.
    */
-  JpegDecoder(RuntimeImage *image) : ImageDecoder(image) {}
+  JpegDecoder(RuntimeImage *image) : ImageDecoder(image, JPEG) {}
   ~JpegDecoder() override {}
 
-  int prepare(size_t expected_size) override;
   int HOT decode(uint8_t *buffer, size_t size) override;
 
  protected:
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_image/png_decoder.cpp b/esphome/components/runtime_image/png_decoder.cpp
index 9501702711..106f25bbe1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/runtime_image/png_decoder.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/png_decoder.cpp
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ static void draw_callback(pngle_t *pngle, uint32_t x, uint32_t y, uint32_t w, ui
   }
 }
 
-PngDecoder::PngDecoder(RuntimeImage *image) : ImageDecoder(image) {
+PngDecoder::PngDecoder(RuntimeImage *image) : ImageDecoder(image, PNG) {
   {
     RAMAllocator<pngle_t> allocator;
     pngle_t *pngle = allocator.allocate(1, PNGLE_T_SIZE);
@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ PngDecoder::PngDecoder(RuntimeImage *image) : ImageDecoder(image) {
       return;
     }
     memset(pngle, 0, PNGLE_T_SIZE);
-    pngle_reset(pngle);
     this->pngle_ = pngle;
+    pngle_reset(this->pngle_);
   }
 }
 
@@ -71,11 +71,12 @@ PngDecoder::~PngDecoder() {
 }
 
 int PngDecoder::prepare(size_t expected_size) {
-  ImageDecoder::prepare(expected_size);
+  // Check before the base prepare() so a failure never leaves an active session
   if (!this->pngle_) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "PNG decoder engine not initialized!");
     return DECODE_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
   }
+  ImageDecoder::prepare(expected_size);
   pngle_set_user_data(this->pngle_, this);
   pngle_set_init_callback(this->pngle_, init_callback);
   pngle_set_draw_callback(this->pngle_, draw_callback);
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_image/png_decoder.h b/esphome/components/runtime_image/png_decoder.h
index 24521d33a8..a1cd60e0a6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/runtime_image/png_decoder.h
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/png_decoder.h
@@ -22,6 +22,14 @@ class PngDecoder : public ImageDecoder {
   PngDecoder(RuntimeImage *image);
   ~PngDecoder() override;
 
+  void reset() override {
+    ImageDecoder::reset();
+    if (this->pngle_) {
+      pngle_reset(this->pngle_);
+    }
+    this->pixels_decoded_ = 0;
+  }
+
   int prepare(size_t expected_size) override;
   int HOT decode(uint8_t *buffer, size_t size) override;
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_image/qoi_decoder.cpp b/esphome/components/runtime_image/qoi_decoder.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b0fabb5233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/qoi_decoder.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+#include "qoi_decoder.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_QOI
+
+#include "esphome/components/display/display.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+#include <cinttypes>
+
+namespace esphome::runtime_image {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "image_decoder.qoi";
+
+constexpr uint8_t QOI_OP_RGB = 0b11111110;
+constexpr uint8_t QOI_OP_RGBA = 0b11111111;
+constexpr uint8_t QOI_OP_INDEX = 0b00000000;  // 00xxxxxx
+constexpr uint8_t QOI_OP_DIFF = 0b01000000;   // 01xxxxxx
+constexpr uint8_t QOI_OP_LUMA = 0b10000000;   // 10xxxxxx
+constexpr uint8_t QOI_OP_RUN = 0b11000000;    // 11xxxxxx
+
+constexpr uint8_t QOI_RGB_CHUNK_SIZE = 4;
+constexpr uint8_t QOI_RGBA_CHUNK_SIZE = 5;
+constexpr uint8_t QOI_LUMA_CHUNK_SIZE = 2;
+
+constexpr uint8_t QOI_MASK_OP = 0b11000000;
+constexpr uint8_t QOI_MASK_VALUE = 0b00111111;
+
+constexpr size_t QOI_HEADER_SIZE = 14;
+constexpr size_t QOI_COLOR_TABLE_SIZE = 64;
+
+inline size_t qoi_color_table_index(const Color &color) {
+  // QOI color hash function: (r * 3 + g * 5 + b * 7 + a * 11) % 64
+  return (color.r * 3 + color.g * 5 + color.b * 7 + color.w * 11) &
+         63;  // modulo 64 is equivalent to bitwise AND with 63 (0b00111111)
+}
+
+void QoiDecoder::reset() {
+  ImageDecoder::reset();
+  this->current_index_ = 0;
+  this->paint_index_ = 0;
+  this->width_ = 0;
+  this->height_ = 0;
+  this->bits_per_pixel_ = 0;
+  this->last_pixel_ = Color(0, 0, 0, 255);
+  if (this->color_table_) {
+    std::fill_n(this->color_table_.get(), QOI_COLOR_TABLE_SIZE, Color());
+  }
+}
+
+int HOT QoiDecoder::decode(uint8_t *buffer, size_t size) {
+  size_t index = 0;
+  if (this->current_index_ == 0) {
+    if (size < QOI_HEADER_SIZE) {
+      return 0;  // Need more data for file header
+    }
+
+    /** QOI Header definition, for reference:
+        char magic[4];  // magic bytes "qoif"
+        uint32_t width; // image width in pixels (BE)
+        uint32_t height; // image height in pixels (BE)
+        uint8_t channels;  // 3 = RGB, 4 = RGBA
+        uint8_t colorspace;  // 0 = sRGB with linear alpha, 1 = all channels linear
+    */
+    // Check if the file is a QOI image
+    if (buffer[0] != 'q' || buffer[1] != 'o' || buffer[2] != 'i' || buffer[3] != 'f') {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Not a QOI file");
+      return DECODE_ERROR_INVALID_TYPE;
+    }
+
+    this->width_ = encode_uint32(buffer[4], buffer[5], buffer[6], buffer[7]);
+    this->height_ = encode_uint32(buffer[8], buffer[9], buffer[10], buffer[11]);
+    if (this->width_ == 0 || this->height_ == 0) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid image dimensions: (%zux%zu)", this->width_, this->height_);
+      return DECODE_ERROR_INVALID_TYPE;
+    }
+    uint8_t channels = buffer[12];
+    if (channels < 3 || channels > 4) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unsupported number of channels: %d", channels);
+      return DECODE_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_FORMAT;
+    }
+    this->bits_per_pixel_ = channels * 8;
+    uint8_t colorspace = buffer[13];
+    if (colorspace > 1) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unsupported colorspace value: %d", colorspace);
+      return DECODE_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_FORMAT;
+    }
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "QOI image header: width=%zu, height=%zu, channels=%d, colorspace=%d", this->width_, this->height_,
+             channels, colorspace);
+
+    if (!this->color_table_) {
+      this->color_table_ = std::make_unique<Color[]>(QOI_COLOR_TABLE_SIZE);
+    }
+
+    if (!this->set_size(this->width_, this->height_)) {
+      return DECODE_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+    }
+
+    this->current_index_ = QOI_HEADER_SIZE;
+    index = QOI_HEADER_SIZE;
+  }  // Current_index == 0
+
+  Color color;
+  const size_t total_pixels = this->width_ * this->height_;
+  while (index < size && this->paint_index_ < total_pixels) {
+    color = this->last_pixel_;
+    uint8_t byte = buffer[index];
+    if (byte == QOI_OP_RGB) {
+      if (size < index + QOI_RGB_CHUNK_SIZE) {
+        return index;  // Need more data for RGB chunk
+      }
+      index++;
+      color.r = buffer[index++];
+      color.g = buffer[index++];
+      color.b = buffer[index++];
+      this->draw(this->paint_index_ % this->width_, this->paint_index_ / this->width_, 1, 1, color);
+      this->paint_index_++;
+    } else if (byte == QOI_OP_RGBA) {
+      if (size < index + QOI_RGBA_CHUNK_SIZE) {
+        return index;  // Need more data for RGBA chunk
+      }
+      index++;
+      color.r = buffer[index++];
+      color.g = buffer[index++];
+      color.b = buffer[index++];
+      color.w = buffer[index++];
+      this->draw(this->paint_index_ % this->width_, this->paint_index_ / this->width_, 1, 1, color);
+      this->paint_index_++;
+    } else if ((byte & QOI_MASK_OP) == QOI_OP_RUN) {
+      // QOI run chunk
+      size_t run_length = (byte & QOI_MASK_VALUE) + 1;  // run length is encoded in the lower 6 bits, plus one
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < run_length; i++) {
+        // TODO: optimize by drawing runs of pixels at once instead of one by one
+        this->draw(this->paint_index_ % this->width_, this->paint_index_ / this->width_, 1, 1, color);
+        this->paint_index_++;
+      }
+      index++;
+    } else if ((byte & QOI_MASK_OP) == QOI_OP_LUMA) {
+      if (size < index + QOI_LUMA_CHUNK_SIZE) {
+        return index;  // Need more data for LUMA chunk
+      }
+      index++;
+      uint8_t byte2 = buffer[index++];
+      uint8_t delta_g = (byte & QOI_MASK_VALUE) - 32;
+      color.r += delta_g - 8 + ((byte2 >> 4) & 0x0f);
+      color.g += delta_g;
+      color.b += delta_g - 8 + (byte2 & 0x0f);
+
+      this->draw(this->paint_index_ % this->width_, this->paint_index_ / this->width_, 1, 1, color);
+      this->paint_index_++;
+    } else if ((byte & QOI_MASK_OP) == QOI_OP_DIFF) {
+      color.r += ((byte >> 4) & 0x03) - 2;
+      color.g += ((byte >> 2) & 0x03) - 2;
+      color.b += (byte & 0x03) - 2;
+
+      this->draw(this->paint_index_ % this->width_, this->paint_index_ / this->width_, 1, 1, color);
+      this->paint_index_++;
+      index++;
+    } else if ((byte & QOI_MASK_OP) == QOI_OP_INDEX) {
+      color = this->color_table_[byte];
+      this->draw(this->paint_index_ % this->width_, this->paint_index_ / this->width_, 1, 1, color);
+      this->paint_index_++;
+      index++;
+    }
+    this->last_pixel_ = color;
+    this->color_table_[qoi_color_table_index(color)] = color;
+  }
+  this->decoded_bytes_ += size;
+  return size;
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::runtime_image
+
+#endif  // USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_QOI
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_image/qoi_decoder.h b/esphome/components/runtime_image/qoi_decoder.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c44afd83cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/qoi_decoder.h
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_QOI
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "image_decoder.h"
+#include "runtime_image.h"
+
+namespace esphome::runtime_image {
+
+/**
+ * @brief Image decoder specialization for QOI images.
+ */
+class QoiDecoder : public ImageDecoder {
+ public:
+  /**
+   * @brief Construct a new QOI decoder object.
+   *
+   * @param image The RuntimeImage to decode the stream into.
+   */
+  QoiDecoder(RuntimeImage *image) : ImageDecoder(image, QOI) {}
+
+  void reset() override;
+  int HOT decode(uint8_t *buffer, size_t size) override;
+
+  bool is_finished() const override {
+    if (this->bits_per_pixel_ == 0) {
+      // header not yet received, so dimensions not yet determined
+      return false;
+    }
+    // QOI is finished when we've decoded all pixel data
+    return this->paint_index_ >= static_cast<size_t>(this->width_ * this->height_);
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  std::unique_ptr<Color[]> color_table_;
+  size_t current_index_{0};
+  size_t paint_index_{0};
+  size_t width_{0};
+  size_t height_{0};
+  Color last_pixel_{0, 0, 0, 255};  // QOI spec defines initial previous pixel as opaque black
+  uint16_t bits_per_pixel_{0};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::runtime_image
+
+#endif  // USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_QOI
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.cpp b/esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.cpp
index 8fe9be4c8c..ef92d0d707 100644
--- a/esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #include "runtime_image.h"
 #include "image_decoder.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
-#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <cstring>
@@ -16,6 +15,9 @@
 #ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_PNG
 #include "png_decoder.h"
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_QOI
+#include "qoi_decoder.h"
+#endif
 
 namespace esphome::runtime_image {
 
@@ -171,34 +173,44 @@ void RuntimeImage::draw(int x, int y, display::Display *display, Color color_on,
   // If no image is loaded and no placeholder, nothing to draw
 }
 
-bool RuntimeImage::begin_decode(size_t expected_size) {
-  if (this->decoder_) {
+bool RuntimeImage::begin_decode(size_t expected_size, ImageFormat format) {
+  if (this->is_decoding()) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Decoding already in progress");
     return false;
   }
 
-  this->decoder_ = this->create_decoder_();
+  if (format == AUTO && this->format_ != AUTO) {
+    // Fall back to the configured format before the reuse check below
+    format = this->format_;
+  }
+
+  // An idle decoder for a different format cannot be reused
+  if (this->decoder_ != nullptr && this->decoder_->get_format() != format) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Decoder format mismatch: current: %d, new: %d", this->decoder_->get_format(), format);
+    this->decoder_ = nullptr;
+  }
+
   if (!this->decoder_) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to create decoder for format %d", this->format_);
-    return false;
+    this->decoder_ = this->create_decoder_(format);
+    if (!this->decoder_) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to create decoder for format %d", format);
+      return false;
+    }
   }
 
-  this->total_size_ = expected_size;
   this->decoded_bytes_ = 0;
 
-  // Initialize decoder
   int result = this->decoder_->prepare(expected_size);
   if (result < 0) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to prepare decoder: %d", result);
-    this->decoder_ = nullptr;
+    this->decoder_ = nullptr;  // If prepare fails, a full reset is needed
     return false;
   }
-
   return true;
 }
 
 int RuntimeImage::feed_data(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
-  if (!this->decoder_) {
+  if (!this->is_decoding()) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "No decoder initialized");
     return -1;
   }
@@ -212,7 +224,7 @@ int RuntimeImage::feed_data(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
 }
 
 bool RuntimeImage::end_decode() {
-  if (!this->decoder_) {
+  if (!this->is_decoding()) {
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -224,26 +236,23 @@ bool RuntimeImage::end_decode() {
     this->data_start_ = this->buffer_;
   }
 
-  // Clean up decoder
-  this->decoder_ = nullptr;
+  // End the session; the decoder object stays warm so the next decode can
+  // reuse it (and its buffers) without churning the heap.
+  this->decoder_->reset();
 
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Decoding complete: %dx%d, %zu bytes", this->width_, this->height_, this->decoded_bytes_);
   return true;
 }
 
-bool RuntimeImage::is_decode_finished() const {
-  if (!this->decoder_) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  return this->decoder_->is_finished();
-}
+bool RuntimeImage::is_decode_finished() const { return this->is_decoding() && this->decoder_->is_finished(); }
 
 void RuntimeImage::release() {
   this->release_buffer_();
-  // Reset decoder separately — release() can be called from within the decoder
-  // (via set_size -> resize -> resize_buffer_), so we must not destroy the decoder here.
-  // The decoder lifecycle is managed by begin_decode()/end_decode().
-  this->decoder_ = nullptr;
+  // End any active decode session; decoders free the format-specific working buffers
+  // they can (PNG), while the decoder object itself is kept warm for the next decode.
+  if (this->decoder_) {
+    this->decoder_->reset();
+  }
 }
 
 void RuntimeImage::release_buffer_() {
@@ -347,8 +356,9 @@ size_t RuntimeImage::get_buffer_size(int width, int height) const {
 
 int RuntimeImage::get_position_(int x, int y) const { return (x + y * this->buffer_width_) * this->get_bpp() / 8; }
 
-std::unique_ptr<ImageDecoder> RuntimeImage::create_decoder_() {
-  switch (this->format_) {
+std::unique_ptr<ImageDecoder> RuntimeImage::create_decoder_(ImageFormat format) {
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Creating decoder for format %d", format);
+  switch (format) {
 #ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_BMP
     case BMP:
       return make_unique<BmpDecoder>(this);
@@ -361,8 +371,15 @@ std::unique_ptr<ImageDecoder> RuntimeImage::create_decoder_() {
     case PNG:
       return make_unique<PngDecoder>(this);
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_QOI
+    case QOI:
+      return make_unique<QoiDecoder>(this);
+#endif
+    case AUTO:
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Image format could not be determined; set `format:` explicitly in the configuration");
+      return nullptr;
     default:
-      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unsupported image format: %d", this->format_);
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unsupported image format: %d", format);
       return nullptr;
   }
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.h b/esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.h
index 10ce980be2..55d5c0ae86 100644
--- a/esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.h
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.h
@@ -3,25 +3,11 @@
 #include "esphome/components/image/image.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
+#include "image_decoder.h"
+#include "image_format.h"
+
 namespace esphome::runtime_image {
 
-// Forward declaration
-class ImageDecoder;
-
-/**
- * @brief Image format types that can be decoded dynamically.
- */
-enum ImageFormat {
-  /** Automatically detect from data. Not implemented yet. */
-  AUTO,
-  /** JPEG format. */
-  JPEG,
-  /** PNG format. */
-  PNG,
-  /** BMP format. */
-  BMP,
-};
-
 /**
  * @brief A dynamic image that can be loaded and decoded at runtime.
  *
@@ -76,9 +62,10 @@ class RuntimeImage : public image::Image {
    * @brief Begin decoding an image.
    *
    * @param expected_size Optional hint about the expected data size.
+   * @param format The image format to decode (defaults to AUTO, which uses the value set at construction).
    * @return true if decoder was successfully initialized.
    */
-  bool begin_decode(size_t expected_size = 0);
+  bool begin_decode(size_t expected_size = 0, ImageFormat format = AUTO);
 
   /**
    * @brief Feed data to the decoder.
@@ -99,7 +86,7 @@ class RuntimeImage : public image::Image {
   /**
    * @brief Check if decoding is currently in progress.
    */
-  bool is_decoding() const { return this->decoder_ != nullptr; }
+  bool is_decoding() const { return this->decoder_ != nullptr && this->decoder_->is_active(); }
 
   /**
    * @brief Check if the decoder has finished processing all data.
@@ -117,12 +104,14 @@ class RuntimeImage : public image::Image {
   /**
    * @brief Get the image format.
    */
+  /// Configured format; a format resolved per decode lives on the active decoder
   ImageFormat get_format() const { return this->format_; }
 
   /**
-   * @brief Release the image buffer and free memory.
+   * @brief Release the image buffer and free its memory, ending any decode session.
    *
-   * An external buffer is let go of rather than freed.
+   * An external buffer is let go of rather than freed. The decoder object is kept
+   * warm so the next decode can reuse it without churning the heap.
    */
   void release();
 
@@ -194,9 +183,11 @@ class RuntimeImage : public image::Image {
   int get_position_(int x, int y) const;
 
   /**
-   * @brief Create decoder instance for the image's format.
+   * @brief Create decoder instance for the requested format.
+   * @param format The image format to decode.
+   * @return Unique pointer to the created decoder, or nullptr on failure.
    */
-  std::unique_ptr<ImageDecoder> create_decoder_();
+  std::unique_ptr<ImageDecoder> create_decoder_(ImageFormat format);
 
   // Memory management
   uint8_t *buffer_{nullptr};
@@ -224,7 +215,6 @@ class RuntimeImage : public image::Image {
   int buffer_height_{0};
 
   // Decoding state
-  size_t total_size_{0};
   size_t decoded_bytes_{0};
 
   /** Fixed width requested on configuration, or 0 if not specified. */
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_stats/__init__.py b/esphome/components/runtime_stats/__init__.py
index a36e8bfd28..62f5f46cb4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/runtime_stats/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_stats/__init__.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ Runtime statistics component for ESPHome.
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@bdraco"]
 
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     """Generate code for the runtime statistics component."""
     # Define USE_RUNTIME_STATS when this component is used
     cg.add_define("USE_RUNTIME_STATS")
diff --git a/esphome/components/ruuvi_ble/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ruuvi_ble/__init__.py
index 13d49d3cfe..ac4bafbb1a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ruuvi_ble/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ruuvi_ble/__init__.py
@@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base"]
 
 ruuvi_ble_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("ruuvi_ble")
 RuuviListener = ruuvi_ble_ns.class_(
-    "RuuviListener", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener
+    "RuuviListener", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(RuuviListener),
-    }
-).extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("ruuvi_ble"),
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(RuuviListener),
+        }
+    ).extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
+)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ruuvi_ble/ruuvi_ble.cpp b/esphome/components/ruuvi_ble/ruuvi_ble.cpp
index b73b73d56e..19753b3c9e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ruuvi_ble/ruuvi_ble.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ruuvi_ble/ruuvi_ble.cpp
@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
 #include "ruuvi_ble.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::ruuvi_ble {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "ruuvi_ble";
 
-bool parse_ruuvi_data_byte(const esp32_ble_tracker::adv_data_t &adv_data, RuuviParseResult &result) {
+bool parse_ruuvi_data_byte(const ble_device_base::adv_data_t &adv_data, RuuviParseResult &result) {
   const uint8_t data_type = adv_data[0];
   const auto *data = &adv_data[1];
   switch (data_type) {
@@ -80,7 +78,7 @@ bool parse_ruuvi_data_byte(const esp32_ble_tracker::adv_data_t &adv_data, RuuviP
       return false;
   }
 }
-optional<RuuviParseResult> parse_ruuvi(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+optional<RuuviParseResult> parse_ruuvi(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   bool success = false;
   RuuviParseResult result{};
   for (auto &it : device.get_manufacturer_datas()) {
@@ -96,7 +94,7 @@ optional<RuuviParseResult> parse_ruuvi(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &dev
   return result;
 }
 
-bool RuuviListener::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool RuuviListener::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   auto res = parse_ruuvi(device);
   if (!res.has_value())
     return false;
@@ -142,5 +140,3 @@ bool RuuviListener::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::ruuvi_ble
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/ruuvi_ble/ruuvi_ble.h b/esphome/components/ruuvi_ble/ruuvi_ble.h
index e372b24944..d345790e3a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ruuvi_ble/ruuvi_ble.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ruuvi_ble/ruuvi_ble.h
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
-
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 
 namespace esphome::ruuvi_ble {
 
@@ -23,13 +21,11 @@ struct RuuviParseResult {
 
 bool parse_ruuvi_data_byte(uint8_t data_type, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t data_length, RuuviParseResult &result);
 
-optional<RuuviParseResult> parse_ruuvi(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device);
+optional<RuuviParseResult> parse_ruuvi(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device);
 
-class RuuviListener final : public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class RuuviListener final : public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::ruuvi_ble
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/ruuvitag/ruuvitag.cpp b/esphome/components/ruuvitag/ruuvitag.cpp
index 99c6b8ae26..1536befb1b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ruuvitag/ruuvitag.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ruuvitag/ruuvitag.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #include "ruuvitag.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::ruuvitag {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "ruuvitag";
@@ -23,5 +21,3 @@ void RuuviTag::dump_config() {
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::ruuvitag
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/ruuvitag/ruuvitag.h b/esphome/components/ruuvitag/ruuvitag.h
index 9602b82afc..fc2d05a642 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ruuvitag/ruuvitag.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ruuvitag/ruuvitag.h
@@ -2,18 +2,16 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/ruuvi_ble/ruuvi_ble.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::ruuvitag {
 
-class RuuviTag final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class RuuviTag final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; }
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override {
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override {
     if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_)
       return false;
 
@@ -77,5 +75,3 @@ class RuuviTag final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceLi
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::ruuvitag
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/ruuvitag/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ruuvitag/sensor.py
index af262b2950..1ea9c457f3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ruuvitag/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ruuvitag/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ACCELERATION,
@@ -34,16 +34,17 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PERCENT,
     UNIT_VOLT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
-AUTO_LOAD = ["ruuvi_ble"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "ruuvi_ble"]
 
 ruuvitag_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("ruuvitag")
 RuuviTag = ruuvitag_ns.class_(
-    "RuuviTag", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "RuuviTag", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("ruuvitag"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(RuuviTag),
@@ -116,15 +117,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/rx8130/time.py b/esphome/components/rx8130/time.py
index 4f6310358c..40d10e9f6b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rx8130/time.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rx8130/time.py
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, time
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@beormund"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -29,7 +32,12 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = time.TIME_SCHEMA.extend(
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def rx8130_write_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def rx8130_write_time_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
@@ -45,13 +53,18 @@ async def rx8130_write_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def rx8130_read_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def rx8130_read_time_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/safe_mode/__init__.py b/esphome/components/safe_mode/__init__.py
index 70096a56bc..9bc8a263c8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/safe_mode/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/safe_mode/__init__.py
@@ -10,8 +10,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_STORAGE,
     KEY_PAST_SAFE_MODE,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
-from esphome.cpp_generator import RawExpression
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, RawExpression, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@paulmonigatti", "@jsuanet", "@kbx81"]
 
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ SafeModeComponent = safe_mode_ns.class_("SafeModeComponent", cg.Component)
 MarkSuccessfulAction = safe_mode_ns.class_("MarkSuccessfulAction", automation.Action)
 
 
-def _remove_id_if_disabled(value):
+def _remove_id_if_disabled(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     value = value.copy()
     if value[CONF_DISABLED]:
         value.pop(CONF_ID)
@@ -62,7 +63,12 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def safe_mode_mark_successful_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def safe_mode_mark_successful_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     cg.add(var.set_parent(parent))
@@ -75,7 +81,7 @@ _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.APPLICATION)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if not config[CONF_DISABLED]:
         var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
         await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/safe_mode/button/__init__.py b/esphome/components/safe_mode/button/__init__.py
index 0731ca50f5..89e2475799 100644
--- a/esphome/components/safe_mode/button/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/safe_mode/button/__init__.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
     ICON_RESTART_ALERT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import SafeModeComponent, safe_mode_ns
 
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await button.new_button(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/safe_mode/button/safe_mode_button.cpp b/esphome/components/safe_mode/button/safe_mode_button.cpp
index 04203854fb..982ecf8402 100644
--- a/esphome/components/safe_mode/button/safe_mode_button.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/safe_mode/button/safe_mode_button.cpp
@@ -7,10 +7,6 @@ namespace esphome::safe_mode {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "safe_mode.button";
 
-void SafeModeButton::set_safe_mode(SafeModeComponent *safe_mode_component) {
-  this->safe_mode_component_ = safe_mode_component;
-}
-
 void SafeModeButton::press_action() {
   ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Restarting in safe mode");
   this->safe_mode_component_->set_safe_mode_pending(true);
diff --git a/esphome/components/safe_mode/button/safe_mode_button.h b/esphome/components/safe_mode/button/safe_mode_button.h
index 6012bb2aeb..035bd77802 100644
--- a/esphome/components/safe_mode/button/safe_mode_button.h
+++ b/esphome/components/safe_mode/button/safe_mode_button.h
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ namespace esphome::safe_mode {
 class SafeModeButton final : public button::Button, public Component {
  public:
   void dump_config() override;
-  void set_safe_mode(SafeModeComponent *safe_mode_component);
+  void set_safe_mode(SafeModeComponent *safe_mode_component) { this->safe_mode_component_ = safe_mode_component; }
 
  protected:
   SafeModeComponent *safe_mode_component_;
diff --git a/esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.cpp b/esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.cpp
index ce029b4f55..8fd5911ab5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.cpp
@@ -255,12 +255,17 @@ bool SafeModeComponent::should_enter_safe_mode(uint8_t num_attempts, uint32_t en
 }
 
 void SafeModeComponent::write_rtc_(uint32_t val) {
-  this->rtc_.save(&val);
-  global_preferences->sync();
+  if (!this->rtc_.save(&val)) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to set rtc value (%" PRIu32 ")", val);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!global_preferences->sync()) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to persist rtc value (%" PRIu32 ")", val);
+  }
 }
 
 uint32_t SafeModeComponent::read_rtc_() {
-  uint32_t val;
+  uint32_t val = 0;
   if (!this->rtc_.load(&val))
     return 0;
   return val;
@@ -272,7 +277,9 @@ void SafeModeComponent::clean_rtc() {
   // before sync, the boot wasn't really successful anyway and the counter should
   // remain incremented.
   uint32_t val = 0;
-  this->rtc_.save(&val);
+  if (!this->rtc_.save(&val)) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to clear boot loop counter");
+  }
 }
 
 void SafeModeComponent::on_safe_shutdown() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/safe_mode/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/safe_mode/switch/__init__.py
index d656eee84a..529b023d68 100644
--- a/esphome/components/safe_mode/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/safe_mode/switch/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import switch
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_SAFE_MODE, ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG, ICON_RESTART_ALERT
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import SafeModeComponent, safe_mode_ns
 
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await switch.new_switch(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/safe_mode/switch/safe_mode_switch.cpp b/esphome/components/safe_mode/switch/safe_mode_switch.cpp
index f513465db0..b4b9735757 100644
--- a/esphome/components/safe_mode/switch/safe_mode_switch.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/safe_mode/switch/safe_mode_switch.cpp
@@ -7,10 +7,6 @@ namespace esphome::safe_mode {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "safe_mode.switch";
 
-void SafeModeSwitch::set_safe_mode(SafeModeComponent *safe_mode_component) {
-  this->safe_mode_component_ = safe_mode_component;
-}
-
 void SafeModeSwitch::write_state(bool state) {
   // Acknowledge
   this->publish_state(false);
diff --git a/esphome/components/safe_mode/switch/safe_mode_switch.h b/esphome/components/safe_mode/switch/safe_mode_switch.h
index cbd79cd520..cb48023f63 100644
--- a/esphome/components/safe_mode/switch/safe_mode_switch.h
+++ b/esphome/components/safe_mode/switch/safe_mode_switch.h
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ namespace esphome::safe_mode {
 class SafeModeSwitch final : public switch_::Switch, public Component {
  public:
   void dump_config() override;
-  void set_safe_mode(SafeModeComponent *safe_mode_component);
+  void set_safe_mode(SafeModeComponent *safe_mode_component) { this->safe_mode_component_ = safe_mode_component; }
 
  protected:
   SafeModeComponent *safe_mode_component_;
diff --git a/esphome/components/scd30/sensor.py b/esphome/components/scd30/sensor.py
index f60e913a0c..37789100f7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/scd30/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/scd30/sensor.py
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["sensirion_common"]
@@ -82,7 +85,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
@@ -131,8 +134,11 @@ async def to_code(config):
     synchronous=True,
 )
 async def scd30_force_recalibration_with_reference_to_code(
-    config, action_id, template_arg, args
-):
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_VALUE], args, cg.uint16)
diff --git a/esphome/components/scd4x/sensor.py b/esphome/components/scd4x/sensor.py
index 6f14118660..af3ff3a7af 100644
--- a/esphome/components/scd4x/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/scd4x/sensor.py
@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@sjtrny", "@martgras"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -108,7 +111,7 @@ SETTING_MAP = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
@@ -143,7 +146,12 @@ SCD4X_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
     SCD4X_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def scd4x_frc_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def scd4x_frc_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_VALUE], args, cg.uint16)
@@ -164,7 +172,12 @@ SCD4X_RESET_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
     SCD4X_RESET_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def scd4x_reset_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def scd4x_reset_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/sdl/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/sdl/binary_sensor.py
index e19a488800..0fdda25ed3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sdl/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sdl/binary_sensor.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_KEY
 from esphome.core import Lambda
 from esphome.cpp_generator import ExpressionStatement, RawExpression
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .display import CONF_SDL_ID, Sdl
 
@@ -275,7 +276,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_SDL_ID])
     listener = Lambda(
diff --git a/esphome/components/sdl/display.py b/esphome/components/sdl/display.py
index 57266f33e2..5ced2edf5a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sdl/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sdl/display.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable
 import subprocess
+from typing import Any
 
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import display
@@ -14,6 +16,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_Y,
     PLATFORM_HOST,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 sdl_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("sdl")
 Sdl = sdl_ns.class_("Sdl", display.Display, cg.Component)
@@ -35,7 +38,7 @@ WINDOW_OPTIONS = (
 SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED_MASK = 0x2FFF0000
 
 
-def get_sdl_options(value):
+def get_sdl_options(value: str) -> str:
     if value != "":
         return value
     try:
@@ -46,7 +49,7 @@ def get_sdl_options(value):
         raise cv.Invalid("Unable to run sdl2-config - have you installed sdl2?") from e
 
 
-def get_window_options():
+def get_window_options() -> dict[cv.Optional, Callable[[Any], Any]]:
     return {cv.Optional(option, default=False): cv.boolean for option in WINDOW_OPTIONS}
 
 
@@ -100,7 +103,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     for option in config[CONF_SDL_OPTIONS].split():
         cg.add_build_flag(option)
     cg.add_build_flag("-DSDL_BYTEORDER=4321")
diff --git a/esphome/components/sdl/touchscreen/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sdl/touchscreen/__init__.py
index 9f84f91c72..d7af8da403 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sdl/touchscreen/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sdl/touchscreen/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import touchscreen
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from ..display import CONF_SDL_ID, Sdl, sdl_ns
 
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = touchscreen.TOUCHSCREEN_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_SDL_ID])
     await touchscreen.register_touchscreen(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sdm_meter/sdm_meter.cpp b/esphome/components/sdm_meter/sdm_meter.cpp
index 1ebc7fa3d8..c1b359cc97 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sdm_meter/sdm_meter.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sdm_meter/sdm_meter.cpp
@@ -1,85 +1,48 @@
 #include "sdm_meter.h"
 #include "sdm_meter_registers.h"
-#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 namespace esphome::sdm_meter {
 
+namespace helpers = modbus::helpers;
+
 static const char *const TAG = "sdm_meter";
 
-static const uint8_t MODBUS_REGISTER_COUNT = 80;  // 74 x 16-bit registers
+static const uint8_t MODBUS_REGISTER_COUNT = 80;  // 80 x 16-bit registers (40 float values)
 
-void SDMMeter::on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) {
-  auto data = modbus::helpers::server_pdu_payload(response_pdu);
-  if (data.size() < MODBUS_REGISTER_COUNT * 2) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid size for SDMMeter!");
-    return;
-  }
+void SDMMeter::on_read_input_registers(uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint16_t> registers,
+                                       modbus::ResponseStatus status) {
+  if (!modbus::succeeded(status))
+    return;  // the hub already logs exception responses
 
-  auto sdm_meter_get_float = [&](size_t i) -> float {
-    uint32_t temp = encode_uint32(data[i], data[i + 1], data[i + 2], data[i + 3]);
-    float f;
-    memcpy(&f, &temp, sizeof(f));
-    return f;
+  // Publish a sensor if both of its registers are in this response; skipping absent registers keeps
+  // this correct for any read range, so the poll may be split into multiple requests.
+  auto publish = [&](uint16_t reg, sensor::Sensor *sensor) {
+    if (sensor == nullptr)
+      return;
+    if (auto value = helpers::value_at<helpers::SensorValueType::FP32>(registers, start_address, reg))
+      sensor->publish_state(*value);
   };
 
   for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
-    auto phase = this->phases_[i];
+    auto &phase = this->phases_[i];
     if (!phase.setup)
       continue;
-
-    float voltage = sdm_meter_get_float(SDM_PHASE_1_VOLTAGE * 2 + (i * 4));
-    float current = sdm_meter_get_float(SDM_PHASE_1_CURRENT * 2 + (i * 4));
-    float active_power = sdm_meter_get_float(SDM_PHASE_1_ACTIVE_POWER * 2 + (i * 4));
-    float apparent_power = sdm_meter_get_float(SDM_PHASE_1_APPARENT_POWER * 2 + (i * 4));
-    float reactive_power = sdm_meter_get_float(SDM_PHASE_1_REACTIVE_POWER * 2 + (i * 4));
-    float power_factor = sdm_meter_get_float(SDM_PHASE_1_POWER_FACTOR * 2 + (i * 4));
-    float phase_angle = sdm_meter_get_float(SDM_PHASE_1_ANGLE * 2 + (i * 4));
-
-    ESP_LOGD(
-        TAG,
-        "SDMMeter Phase %c: V=%.3f V, I=%.3f A, Active P=%.3f W, Apparent P=%.3f VA, Reactive P=%.3f var, PF=%.3f, "
-        "PA=%.3f °",
-        i + 'A', voltage, current, active_power, apparent_power, reactive_power, power_factor, phase_angle);
-    if (phase.voltage_sensor_ != nullptr)
-      phase.voltage_sensor_->publish_state(voltage);
-    if (phase.current_sensor_ != nullptr)
-      phase.current_sensor_->publish_state(current);
-    if (phase.active_power_sensor_ != nullptr)
-      phase.active_power_sensor_->publish_state(active_power);
-    if (phase.apparent_power_sensor_ != nullptr)
-      phase.apparent_power_sensor_->publish_state(apparent_power);
-    if (phase.reactive_power_sensor_ != nullptr)
-      phase.reactive_power_sensor_->publish_state(reactive_power);
-    if (phase.power_factor_sensor_ != nullptr)
-      phase.power_factor_sensor_->publish_state(power_factor);
-    if (phase.phase_angle_sensor_ != nullptr)
-      phase.phase_angle_sensor_->publish_state(phase_angle);
+    publish(SDM_PHASE_1_VOLTAGE + i * 2, phase.voltage_sensor_);
+    publish(SDM_PHASE_1_CURRENT + i * 2, phase.current_sensor_);
+    publish(SDM_PHASE_1_ACTIVE_POWER + i * 2, phase.active_power_sensor_);
+    publish(SDM_PHASE_1_APPARENT_POWER + i * 2, phase.apparent_power_sensor_);
+    publish(SDM_PHASE_1_REACTIVE_POWER + i * 2, phase.reactive_power_sensor_);
+    publish(SDM_PHASE_1_POWER_FACTOR + i * 2, phase.power_factor_sensor_);
+    publish(SDM_PHASE_1_ANGLE + i * 2, phase.phase_angle_sensor_);
   }
 
-  float total_power = sdm_meter_get_float(SDM_TOTAL_SYSTEM_POWER * 2);
-  float frequency = sdm_meter_get_float(SDM_FREQUENCY * 2);
-  float import_active_energy = sdm_meter_get_float(SDM_IMPORT_ACTIVE_ENERGY * 2);
-  float export_active_energy = sdm_meter_get_float(SDM_EXPORT_ACTIVE_ENERGY * 2);
-  float import_reactive_energy = sdm_meter_get_float(SDM_IMPORT_REACTIVE_ENERGY * 2);
-  float export_reactive_energy = sdm_meter_get_float(SDM_EXPORT_REACTIVE_ENERGY * 2);
-
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "SDMMeter: F=%.3f Hz, Im.A.E=%.3f Wh, Ex.A.E=%.3f Wh, Im.R.E=%.3f VARh, Ex.R.E=%.3f VARh, T.P=%.3f W",
-           frequency, import_active_energy, export_active_energy, import_reactive_energy, export_reactive_energy,
-           total_power);
-
-  if (this->total_power_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->total_power_sensor_->publish_state(total_power);
-  if (this->frequency_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->frequency_sensor_->publish_state(frequency);
-  if (this->import_active_energy_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->import_active_energy_sensor_->publish_state(import_active_energy);
-  if (this->export_active_energy_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->export_active_energy_sensor_->publish_state(export_active_energy);
-  if (this->import_reactive_energy_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->import_reactive_energy_sensor_->publish_state(import_reactive_energy);
-  if (this->export_reactive_energy_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->export_reactive_energy_sensor_->publish_state(export_reactive_energy);
+  publish(SDM_TOTAL_SYSTEM_POWER, this->total_power_sensor_);
+  publish(SDM_FREQUENCY, this->frequency_sensor_);
+  publish(SDM_IMPORT_ACTIVE_ENERGY, this->import_active_energy_sensor_);
+  publish(SDM_EXPORT_ACTIVE_ENERGY, this->export_active_energy_sensor_);
+  publish(SDM_IMPORT_REACTIVE_ENERGY, this->import_reactive_energy_sensor_);
+  publish(SDM_EXPORT_REACTIVE_ENERGY, this->export_reactive_energy_sensor_);
 }
 
 void SDMMeter::update() { this->read_input_registers(0, MODBUS_REGISTER_COUNT); }
diff --git a/esphome/components/sdm_meter/sdm_meter.h b/esphome/components/sdm_meter/sdm_meter.h
index e09b74bbc0..80370010bd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sdm_meter/sdm_meter.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sdm_meter/sdm_meter.h
@@ -55,7 +55,8 @@ class SDMMeter final : public PollingComponent, public modbus::ModbusClientDevic
 
   void update() override;
 
-  void on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) override;
+  void on_read_input_registers(uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint16_t> registers,
+                               modbus::ResponseStatus status) override;
 
   void dump_config() override;
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sdm_meter/sensor.py b/esphome/components/sdm_meter/sensor.py
index 46f5025080..8d7e981d93 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sdm_meter/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sdm_meter/sensor.py
@@ -148,14 +148,14 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
-    return modbus.final_validate_modbus_device("sdm_meter", role="client")(config)
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    modbus.final_validate_modbus_device("sdm_meter", role="client")(config)
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await modbus.register_modbus_client_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sdp3x/sensor.py b/esphome/components/sdp3x/sensor.py
index be2eec7baf..8a76ba4b13 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sdp3x/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sdp3x/sensor.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_HECTOPASCAL,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["sensirion_common"]
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sds011/sensor.py b/esphome/components/sds011/sensor.py
index 2d7b6b07e5..e05d3b02e6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sds011/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sds011/sensor.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_MICROGRAMS_PER_CUBIC_METER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
 
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ sds011_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("sds011")
 SDS011Component = sds011_ns.class_("SDS011Component", uart.UARTDevice, cg.Component)
 
 
-def validate_sds011_rx_mode(value):
+def validate_sds011_rx_mode(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL in value and not value.get(CONF_RX_ONLY):
         update_interval = value[CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL]
         if update_interval.total_minutes > 30:
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate(config):
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # In the default mode setup() writes config commands, so tx is required;
     # rx_only mode never writes, so tx is optional.
     uart.final_validate_device_schema(
@@ -75,13 +76,12 @@ def _final_validate(config):
         parity="NONE",
         stop_bits=1,
     )(config)
-    return config
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # Pop update_interval before register_component so it doesn't generate
     # a set_update_interval call — sds011 handles this via set_update_interval_min
     update_interval = config.pop(CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL, None)
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/__init__.py b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/__init__.py
index f71239d18c..56630f18f4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
 # is the code owner of the relevant code base
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 
 # The async def keyword is used to define a concurrent function.
 # Concurrent functions are special functions designed to work with Python's asyncio library to support asynchronous I/O operations.
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # This line of code creates a new Pvariable (a Python object representing a C++ variable) with the variable's ID taken from the configuration.
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     # This line of code registers the newly created Pvariable as a component so that ESPHome can manage it at runtime.
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/binary_sensor.py
index 26de1e4ac1..121eb2b4b3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/binary_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_HAS_TARGET, DEVICE_CLASS_OCCUPANCY
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_MR24HPC1_ID, MR24HPC1Component
 
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mr24hpc1_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MR24HPC1_ID])
     if has_target_config := config.get(CONF_HAS_TARGET):
         sens = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(has_target_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/button/__init__.py b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/button/__init__.py
index 1e68d7e071..3386118bcf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/button/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/button/__init__.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
     ICON_RESTART_ALERT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_MR24HPC1_ID, MR24HPC1Component, mr24hpc1_ns
 
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mr24hpc1_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MR24HPC1_ID])
     if restart_config := config.get(CONF_RESTART):
         b = await button.new_button(restart_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/number/__init__.py b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/number/__init__.py
index 4de3654e39..d01618b0e6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/number/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/number/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import number
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_SENSITIVITY, ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_MR24HPC1_ID, MR24HPC1Component, mr24hpc1_ns
 
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mr24hpc1_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MR24HPC1_ID])
     if sensitivity_config := config.get(CONF_SENSITIVITY):
         n = await number.new_number(
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/select/__init__.py b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/select/__init__.py
index 14854f0795..9d46dee6f6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/select/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/select/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import select
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_MR24HPC1_ID, MR24HPC1Component, mr24hpc1_ns
 
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mr24hpc1_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MR24HPC1_ID])
     if scenemode_config := config.get(CONF_SCENE_MODE):
         s = await select.new_select(
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/sensor.py b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/sensor.py
index ca15fd5be6..36ee2c0087 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/sensor.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_METER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_MR24HPC1_ID, MR24HPC1Component
 
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mr24hpc1_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MR24HPC1_ID])
     if custompresenceofdetection_config := config.get(
         CONF_CUSTOM_PRESENCE_OF_DETECTION
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/switch/__init__.py
index 741e7de3ca..f9588d783e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/switch/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import switch
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import DEVICE_CLASS_SWITCH, ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_MR24HPC1_ID, MR24HPC1Component, mr24hpc1_ns
 
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mr24hpc1_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MR24HPC1_ID])
     if underlying_open_function_config := config.get(CONF_UNDERLYING_OPEN_FUNCTION):
         s = await switch.new_switch(underlying_open_function_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/text_sensor.py b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/text_sensor.py
index fadd9c6dbc..8f284cb20a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/text_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/text_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_MR24HPC1_ID, MR24HPC1Component
 
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mr24hpc1_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MR24HPC1_ID])
     if heartbeat_config := config.get(CONF_HEART_BEAT):
         sens = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(heartbeat_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/__init__.py b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/__init__.py
index 87bdbbd003..6bf8657af9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@limengdu"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/binary_sensor.py
index 99940ebf6d..4130bac224 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/binary_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_HAS_TARGET, DEVICE_CLASS_OCCUPANCY
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_MR60BHA2_ID, MR60BHA2Component
 
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mr60bha2_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MR60BHA2_ID])
 
     if has_target_config := config.get(CONF_HAS_TARGET):
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/sensor.py b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/sensor.py
index d7f667d862..a2f41a90a8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/sensor.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_BEATS_PER_MINUTE,
     UNIT_CENTIMETER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_MR60BHA2_ID, MR60BHA2Component
 
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mr60bha2_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MR60BHA2_ID])
     if breath_rate_config := config.get(CONF_BREATH_RATE):
         sens = await sensor.new_sensor(breath_rate_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/__init__.py b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/__init__.py
index e79134deec..de6e8ad57b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@limengdu"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/binary_sensor.py
index 2860ac0100..63bd02acd0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/binary_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import DEVICE_CLASS_OCCUPANCY, DEVICE_CLASS_SAFETY
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_MR60FDA2_ID, MR60FDA2Component
 
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mr60fda2_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MR60FDA2_ID])
 
     if people_exist_config := config.get(CONF_PEOPLE_EXIST):
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/button/__init__.py b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/button/__init__.py
index 8236248b8c..82f0fc9aea 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/button/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/button/__init__.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_NONE,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_MR60FDA2_ID, MR60FDA2Component, mr60fda2_ns
 
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mr60fda2_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MR60FDA2_ID])
     if get_radar_parameters_config := config.get(CONF_GET_RADAR_PARAMETERS):
         b = await button.new_button(get_radar_parameters_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/select/__init__.py b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/select/__init__.py
index 2fea150cd2..6d8864455f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/select/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/select/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import select
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_SENSITIVITY, ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG, ICON_ACCELERATION_Z
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_MR60FDA2_ID, MR60FDA2Component, mr60fda2_ns
 
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mr60fda2_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MR60FDA2_ID])
     if install_height_config := config.get(CONF_INSTALL_HEIGHT):
         s = await select.new_select(
diff --git a/esphome/components/selec_meter/selec_meter.cpp b/esphome/components/selec_meter/selec_meter.cpp
index 688923d8e6..3ad1f8b87c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/selec_meter/selec_meter.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/selec_meter/selec_meter.cpp
@@ -1,84 +1,47 @@
 #include "selec_meter.h"
 #include "selec_meter_registers.h"
-#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 namespace esphome::selec_meter {
 
+namespace helpers = modbus::helpers;
+
 static const char *const TAG = "selec_meter";
 
 static const uint8_t MODBUS_REGISTER_COUNT = 34;  // 34 x 16-bit registers
 
-void SelecMeter::on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) {
-  auto data = modbus::helpers::server_pdu_payload(response_pdu);
-  if (data.size() < MODBUS_REGISTER_COUNT * 2) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid size for SelecMeter!");
-    return;
-  }
+void SelecMeter::on_read_input_registers(uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint16_t> registers,
+                                         modbus::ResponseStatus status) {
+  if (!modbus::succeeded(status))
+    return;  // the hub already logs exception responses
 
-  auto selec_meter_get_float = [&](size_t i, float unit) -> float {
-    uint32_t temp = encode_uint32(data[i + 2], data[i + 3], data[i], data[i + 1]);
-
-    float f;
-    memcpy(&f, &temp, sizeof(f));
-    return (f * unit);
+  // Publish a sensor if both of its registers are in this response; skipping absent registers keeps
+  // this correct for any read range, so the poll may be split into multiple requests.
+  // Values are 32-bit floats, low word first.
+  auto publish = [&](sensor::Sensor *sensor, uint16_t reg, float unit) -> void {
+    if (sensor == nullptr)
+      return;
+    if (auto value = helpers::value_at<helpers::SensorValueType::FP32_R>(registers, start_address, reg))
+      sensor->publish_state(*value * unit);
   };
 
-  float total_active_energy = selec_meter_get_float(SELEC_TOTAL_ACTIVE_ENERGY * 2, NO_DEC_UNIT);
-  float import_active_energy = selec_meter_get_float(SELEC_IMPORT_ACTIVE_ENERGY * 2, NO_DEC_UNIT);
-  float export_active_energy = selec_meter_get_float(SELEC_EXPORT_ACTIVE_ENERGY * 2, NO_DEC_UNIT);
-  float total_reactive_energy = selec_meter_get_float(SELEC_TOTAL_REACTIVE_ENERGY * 2, NO_DEC_UNIT);
-  float import_reactive_energy = selec_meter_get_float(SELEC_IMPORT_REACTIVE_ENERGY * 2, NO_DEC_UNIT);
-  float export_reactive_energy = selec_meter_get_float(SELEC_EXPORT_REACTIVE_ENERGY * 2, NO_DEC_UNIT);
-  float apparent_energy = selec_meter_get_float(SELEC_APPARENT_ENERGY * 2, NO_DEC_UNIT);
-  float active_power = selec_meter_get_float(SELEC_ACTIVE_POWER * 2, MULTIPLY_THOUSAND_UNIT);
-  float reactive_power = selec_meter_get_float(SELEC_REACTIVE_POWER * 2, MULTIPLY_THOUSAND_UNIT);
-  float apparent_power = selec_meter_get_float(SELEC_APPARENT_POWER * 2, MULTIPLY_THOUSAND_UNIT);
-  float voltage = selec_meter_get_float(SELEC_VOLTAGE * 2, NO_DEC_UNIT);
-  float current = selec_meter_get_float(SELEC_CURRENT * 2, NO_DEC_UNIT);
-  float power_factor = selec_meter_get_float(SELEC_POWER_FACTOR * 2, NO_DEC_UNIT);
-  float frequency = selec_meter_get_float(SELEC_FREQUENCY * 2, NO_DEC_UNIT);
-  float maximum_demand_active_power =
-      selec_meter_get_float(SELEC_MAXIMUM_DEMAND_ACTIVE_POWER * 2, MULTIPLY_THOUSAND_UNIT);
-  float maximum_demand_reactive_power =
-      selec_meter_get_float(SELEC_MAXIMUM_DEMAND_REACTIVE_POWER * 2, MULTIPLY_THOUSAND_UNIT);
-  float maximum_demand_apparent_power =
-      selec_meter_get_float(SELEC_MAXIMUM_DEMAND_APPARENT_POWER * 2, MULTIPLY_THOUSAND_UNIT);
-
-  if (this->total_active_energy_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->total_active_energy_sensor_->publish_state(total_active_energy);
-  if (this->import_active_energy_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->import_active_energy_sensor_->publish_state(import_active_energy);
-  if (this->export_active_energy_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->export_active_energy_sensor_->publish_state(export_active_energy);
-  if (this->total_reactive_energy_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->total_reactive_energy_sensor_->publish_state(total_reactive_energy);
-  if (this->import_reactive_energy_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->import_reactive_energy_sensor_->publish_state(import_reactive_energy);
-  if (this->export_reactive_energy_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->export_reactive_energy_sensor_->publish_state(export_reactive_energy);
-  if (this->apparent_energy_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->apparent_energy_sensor_->publish_state(apparent_energy);
-  if (this->active_power_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->active_power_sensor_->publish_state(active_power);
-  if (this->reactive_power_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->reactive_power_sensor_->publish_state(reactive_power);
-  if (this->apparent_power_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->apparent_power_sensor_->publish_state(apparent_power);
-  if (this->voltage_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->voltage_sensor_->publish_state(voltage);
-  if (this->current_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->current_sensor_->publish_state(current);
-  if (this->power_factor_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->power_factor_sensor_->publish_state(power_factor);
-  if (this->frequency_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->frequency_sensor_->publish_state(frequency);
-  if (this->maximum_demand_active_power_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->maximum_demand_active_power_sensor_->publish_state(maximum_demand_active_power);
-  if (this->maximum_demand_reactive_power_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->maximum_demand_reactive_power_sensor_->publish_state(maximum_demand_reactive_power);
-  if (this->maximum_demand_apparent_power_sensor_ != nullptr)
-    this->maximum_demand_apparent_power_sensor_->publish_state(maximum_demand_apparent_power);
+  publish(this->total_active_energy_sensor_, SELEC_TOTAL_ACTIVE_ENERGY, NO_DEC_UNIT);
+  publish(this->import_active_energy_sensor_, SELEC_IMPORT_ACTIVE_ENERGY, NO_DEC_UNIT);
+  publish(this->export_active_energy_sensor_, SELEC_EXPORT_ACTIVE_ENERGY, NO_DEC_UNIT);
+  publish(this->total_reactive_energy_sensor_, SELEC_TOTAL_REACTIVE_ENERGY, NO_DEC_UNIT);
+  publish(this->import_reactive_energy_sensor_, SELEC_IMPORT_REACTIVE_ENERGY, NO_DEC_UNIT);
+  publish(this->export_reactive_energy_sensor_, SELEC_EXPORT_REACTIVE_ENERGY, NO_DEC_UNIT);
+  publish(this->apparent_energy_sensor_, SELEC_APPARENT_ENERGY, NO_DEC_UNIT);
+  publish(this->active_power_sensor_, SELEC_ACTIVE_POWER, MULTIPLY_THOUSAND_UNIT);
+  publish(this->reactive_power_sensor_, SELEC_REACTIVE_POWER, MULTIPLY_THOUSAND_UNIT);
+  publish(this->apparent_power_sensor_, SELEC_APPARENT_POWER, MULTIPLY_THOUSAND_UNIT);
+  publish(this->voltage_sensor_, SELEC_VOLTAGE, NO_DEC_UNIT);
+  publish(this->current_sensor_, SELEC_CURRENT, NO_DEC_UNIT);
+  publish(this->power_factor_sensor_, SELEC_POWER_FACTOR, NO_DEC_UNIT);
+  publish(this->frequency_sensor_, SELEC_FREQUENCY, NO_DEC_UNIT);
+  publish(this->maximum_demand_active_power_sensor_, SELEC_MAXIMUM_DEMAND_ACTIVE_POWER, MULTIPLY_THOUSAND_UNIT);
+  publish(this->maximum_demand_reactive_power_sensor_, SELEC_MAXIMUM_DEMAND_REACTIVE_POWER, MULTIPLY_THOUSAND_UNIT);
+  publish(this->maximum_demand_apparent_power_sensor_, SELEC_MAXIMUM_DEMAND_APPARENT_POWER, MULTIPLY_THOUSAND_UNIT);
 }
 
 void SelecMeter::update() { this->read_input_registers(0, MODBUS_REGISTER_COUNT); }
diff --git a/esphome/components/selec_meter/selec_meter.h b/esphome/components/selec_meter/selec_meter.h
index 5ae1f9bf99..470242c918 100644
--- a/esphome/components/selec_meter/selec_meter.h
+++ b/esphome/components/selec_meter/selec_meter.h
@@ -37,7 +37,8 @@ class SelecMeter final : public PollingComponent, public modbus::ModbusClientDev
 
   void update() override;
 
-  void on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) override;
+  void on_read_input_registers(uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint16_t> registers,
+                               modbus::ResponseStatus status) override;
 
   void dump_config() override;
 };
diff --git a/esphome/components/selec_meter/sensor.py b/esphome/components/selec_meter/sensor.py
index ef4929c375..0d4e0fafc5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/selec_meter/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/selec_meter/sensor.py
@@ -164,14 +164,14 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
-    return modbus.final_validate_modbus_device("selec_meter", role="client")(config)
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    modbus.final_validate_modbus_device("selec_meter", role="client")(config)
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await modbus.register_modbus_client_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/select/select.cpp b/esphome/components/select/select.cpp
index 17c6c811dd..05a0ee1ed9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/select/select.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/select/select.cpp
@@ -8,8 +8,6 @@ namespace esphome::select {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "select";
 
-void Select::publish_state(const std::string &state) { this->publish_state(state.c_str()); }
-
 void Select::publish_state(const char *state) {
   auto index = this->index_of(state);
   if (index.has_value()) {
@@ -34,21 +32,6 @@ void Select::publish_state(size_t index) {
 #endif
 }
 
-StringRef Select::current_option() const {
-  return this->has_state() ? StringRef(this->option_at(this->active_index_)) : StringRef();
-}
-
-bool Select::has_option(const std::string &option) const { return this->index_of(option.c_str()).has_value(); }
-
-bool Select::has_option(const char *option) const { return this->index_of(option).has_value(); }
-
-bool Select::has_index(size_t index) const { return index < this->size(); }
-
-size_t Select::size() const {
-  const auto &options = traits.get_options();
-  return options.size();
-}
-
 optional<size_t> Select::index_of(const char *option, size_t len) const {
   const auto &options = traits.get_options();
   for (size_t i = 0; i < options.size(); i++) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/select/select.h b/esphome/components/select/select.h
index 34d9248523..2294f34e62 100644
--- a/esphome/components/select/select.h
+++ b/esphome/components/select/select.h
@@ -33,27 +33,29 @@ class Select : public EntityBase {
   Select() = default;
   ~Select() = default;
 
-  void publish_state(const std::string &state);
+  void publish_state(const std::string &state) { this->publish_state(state.c_str()); }
   void publish_state(const char *state);
   void publish_state(size_t index);
 
   /// Return the currently selected option, or empty StringRef if no state.
   /// The returned StringRef points to string literals from codegen (static storage).
   /// Traits are set once at startup and valid for the lifetime of the program.
-  StringRef current_option() const;
+  StringRef current_option() const {
+    return this->has_state() ? StringRef(this->option_at(this->active_index_)) : StringRef();
+  }
 
   /// Instantiate a SelectCall object to modify this select component's state.
   SelectCall make_call() { return SelectCall(this); }
 
   /// Return whether this select component contains the provided option.
-  bool has_option(const std::string &option) const;
-  bool has_option(const char *option) const;
+  bool has_option(const std::string &option) const { return this->index_of(option).has_value(); }
+  bool has_option(const char *option) const { return this->index_of(option).has_value(); }
 
   /// Return whether this select component contains the provided index offset.
-  bool has_index(size_t index) const;
+  bool has_index(size_t index) const { return index < this->size(); }
 
   /// Return the number of options in this select component.
-  size_t size() const;
+  size_t size() const { return this->traits.get_options().size(); }
 
   /// Find the (optional) index offset of the provided option value.
   optional<size_t> index_of(const char *option, size_t len) const;
diff --git a/esphome/components/select/select_traits.cpp b/esphome/components/select/select_traits.cpp
index ff52c0d85b..67a5118646 100644
--- a/esphome/components/select/select_traits.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/select/select_traits.cpp
@@ -11,6 +11,4 @@ void SelectTraits::set_options(const FixedVector<const char *> &options) {
   }
 }
 
-const FixedVector<const char *> &SelectTraits::get_options() const { return this->options_; }
-
 }  // namespace esphome::select
diff --git a/esphome/components/select/select_traits.h b/esphome/components/select/select_traits.h
index 78a83e5944..e1b261bc96 100644
--- a/esphome/components/select/select_traits.h
+++ b/esphome/components/select/select_traits.h
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ class SelectTraits {
  public:
   void set_options(const std::initializer_list<const char *> &options);
   void set_options(const FixedVector<const char *> &options);
-  const FixedVector<const char *> &get_options() const;
+  const FixedVector<const char *> &get_options() const { return this->options_; }
 
  protected:
   FixedVector<const char *> options_;
diff --git a/esphome/components/sen0321/sensor.py b/esphome/components/sen0321/sensor.py
index 3910e6e4c9..58c09883b0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sen0321/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sen0321/sensor.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_BILLION,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@notjj"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sen21231/sen21231.cpp b/esphome/components/sen21231/sen21231.cpp
index b42ba2fa1d..3f6212e7f2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sen21231/sen21231.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sen21231/sen21231.cpp
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ void Sen21231Sensor::dump_config() {
   if (this->is_failed()) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL);
   }
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "SEN21231: %s", this->is_failed() ? "FAILED" : "OK");
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "SEN21231: %s", this->is_failed() ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("FAILED") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("OK"));
   LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sen21231/sensor.py b/esphome/components/sen21231/sensor.py
index 781a1213ac..fb695b14dc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sen21231/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sen21231/sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import ICON_MOTION_SENSOR
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@shreyaskarnik"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sen5x/sensor.py b/esphome/components/sen5x/sensor.py
index 761a1885ea..e86c8bf899 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sen5x/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sen5x/sensor.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import automation
 from esphome.automation import maybe_simple_id
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -41,6 +43,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_MICROGRAMS_PER_CUBIC_METER,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@martgras"]
@@ -115,7 +119,7 @@ def _gas_sensor(
     )
 
 
-def float_previously_pct(value):
+def float_previously_pct(value: Any) -> Any:
     if isinstance(value, str) and "%" in value:
         raise cv.Invalid(
             f"The value '{value}' is a percentage. Suggested value: {float(value.strip('%')) / 100}"
@@ -284,6 +288,11 @@ SEN5X_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
     SEN5X_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def sen54_fan_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def sen54_fan_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sen6x/sen6x.cpp b/esphome/components/sen6x/sen6x.cpp
index 2a6ea64735..ed6cb24c52 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sen6x/sen6x.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sen6x/sen6x.cpp
@@ -9,9 +9,11 @@ static const char *const TAG = "sen6x";
 
 static constexpr uint8_t POLL_RETRIES = 24;     // 24 attempts
 static constexpr uint32_t I2C_READ_DELAY = 20;  // 20 ms to wait for I2C read to complete
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_EXEC_DELAY = 20;  // execution time of set commands (datasheet section 4.8)
 static constexpr uint32_t POLL_INTERVAL = 50;   // 50 ms between poll attempts
-// Single numeric timeout ID — the chain is sequential so only one is active at a time.
+// Numeric timeout IDs. Each chain is sequential, so only one timeout per ID is active at a time.
 static constexpr uint32_t TIMEOUT_POLL = 1;
+static constexpr uint32_t TIMEOUT_SETUP_STEP = 2;
 static constexpr uint16_t SEN6X_CMD_GET_DATA_READY_STATUS = 0x0202;
 static constexpr uint16_t SEN6X_CMD_GET_FIRMWARE_VERSION = 0xD100;
 static constexpr uint16_t SEN6X_CMD_GET_PRODUCT_NAME = 0xD014;
@@ -26,6 +28,8 @@ static constexpr uint16_t SEN6X_CMD_READ_MEASUREMENT_SEN69C = 0x04B5;
 
 static constexpr uint16_t SEN6X_CMD_START_MEASUREMENTS = 0x0021;
 static constexpr uint16_t SEN6X_CMD_RESET = 0xD304;
+static constexpr uint16_t SEN6X_CMD_VOC_ALGORITHM_TUNING = 0x60D0;
+static constexpr uint16_t SEN6X_CMD_NOX_ALGORITHM_TUNING = 0x60E1;
 
 static inline void set_read_command_and_words(SEN6XComponent::Sen6xType type, uint16_t &read_cmd, uint8_t &read_words) {
   read_cmd = SEN6X_CMD_READ_MEASUREMENT;
@@ -143,21 +147,76 @@ void SEN6XComponent::setup() {
           this->firmware_version_minor_ = raw_firmware_version & 0xFF;
           ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Firmware: %u.%u", this->firmware_version_major_, this->firmware_version_minor_);
 
-          if (!this->write_command(SEN6X_CMD_START_MEASUREMENTS)) {
-            ESP_LOGE(TAG, ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL);
-            this->mark_failed(LOG_STR(ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL));
-            return;
-          }
-
-          this->set_timeout(60000, [this]() { this->startup_complete_ = true; });
-          this->initialized_ = true;
-          ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Initialized");
+          // Step 4: write configuration commands one at a time, then start measurements.
+          // Delay the first step so it doesn't run in the same loop tick as the read above.
+          this->set_timeout(TIMEOUT_SETUP_STEP, CMD_EXEC_DELAY, [this]() { this->run_next_setup_step_(); });
         });
       });
     });
   });
 }
 
+// One configuration write per invocation, spaced by CMD_EXEC_DELAY. Cases without a
+// configured value fall through; each taken case must advance setup_step_index_ so the
+// next invocation resumes at the following step. These writes are optional, so a failure
+// only warns and the chain continues to the mandatory start-measurements write.
+void SEN6XComponent::run_next_setup_step_() {
+  switch (this->setup_step_index_) {
+    // Tuning writes are skipped when setup() disabled the sensor for this variant
+    case 0:
+      this->setup_step_index_++;
+      if (this->voc_sensor_ != nullptr && this->voc_tuning_params_.has_value()) {
+        this->write_tuning_parameters_(SEN6X_CMD_VOC_ALGORITHM_TUNING, this->voc_tuning_params_.value());
+        break;
+      }
+      [[fallthrough]];
+    case 1:
+      this->setup_step_index_++;
+      if (this->nox_sensor_ != nullptr && this->nox_tuning_params_.has_value()) {
+        this->write_tuning_parameters_(SEN6X_CMD_NOX_ALGORITHM_TUNING, this->nox_tuning_params_.value());
+        break;
+      }
+      [[fallthrough]];
+    default:
+      this->finish_setup_();
+      return;
+  }
+  this->set_timeout(TIMEOUT_SETUP_STEP, CMD_EXEC_DELAY, [this]() { this->run_next_setup_step_(); });
+}
+
+void SEN6XComponent::finish_setup_() {
+  if (!this->write_command(SEN6X_CMD_START_MEASUREMENTS)) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Write 0x%04X failed, error %d", SEN6X_CMD_START_MEASUREMENTS, this->last_error_);
+    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR(ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL));
+    return;
+  }
+
+  this->set_timeout(60000, [this]() { this->startup_complete_ = true; });
+  this->initialized_ = true;
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Initialized");
+}
+
+// Writes one optional configuration command. A failure warns and returns false, but does
+// not stop setup: the sensor still measures with that setting left at its default.
+bool SEN6XComponent::write_config_words_(uint16_t i2c_command, const uint16_t *data, uint8_t len) {
+  if (!this->write_command(i2c_command, data, len)) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Write 0x%04X failed, error %d", i2c_command, this->last_error_);
+    this->status_set_warning();
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool SEN6XComponent::write_tuning_parameters_(uint16_t i2c_command, const GasTuning &tuning) {
+  uint16_t params[6] = {tuning.index_offset,
+                        tuning.learning_time_offset_hours,
+                        tuning.learning_time_gain_hours,
+                        tuning.gating_max_duration_minutes,
+                        tuning.std_initial,
+                        tuning.gain_factor};
+  return this->write_config_words_(i2c_command, params, 6);
+}
+
 void SEN6XComponent::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "sen6x:\n"
diff --git a/esphome/components/sen6x/sen6x.h b/esphome/components/sen6x/sen6x.h
index 041bf3b1aa..64ce3371fc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sen6x/sen6x.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sen6x/sen6x.h
@@ -1,11 +1,25 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/optional.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensirion_common/i2c_sensirion.h"
 
 namespace esphome::sen6x {
 
+// The NOx algorithm requires std_initial to stay at 50 (Sensirion datasheet)
+static constexpr uint16_t NOX_STD_INITIAL = 50;
+
+// Raw parameter block for the VOC/NOx algorithm tuning commands
+struct GasTuning {
+  uint16_t index_offset;
+  uint16_t learning_time_offset_hours;
+  uint16_t learning_time_gain_hours;
+  uint16_t gating_max_duration_minutes;
+  uint16_t std_initial;
+  uint16_t gain_factor;
+};
+
 class SEN6XComponent final : public PollingComponent, public sensirion_common::SensirionI2CDevice {
   SUB_SENSOR(pm_1_0)
   SUB_SENSOR(pm_2_5)
@@ -27,22 +41,46 @@ class SEN6XComponent final : public PollingComponent, public sensirion_common::S
   enum Sen6xType { SEN62, SEN63C, SEN65, SEN66, SEN68, SEN69C, UNKNOWN };
 
   void set_type(const std::string &type) { sen6x_type_ = infer_type_from_product_name_(type); }
+  void set_voc_algorithm_tuning(uint16_t index_offset, uint16_t learning_time_offset_hours,
+                                uint16_t learning_time_gain_hours, uint16_t gating_max_duration_minutes,
+                                uint16_t std_initial, uint16_t gain_factor) {
+    this->voc_tuning_params_ = GasTuning{
+        index_offset, learning_time_offset_hours, learning_time_gain_hours, gating_max_duration_minutes, std_initial,
+        gain_factor};
+  }
+  void set_nox_algorithm_tuning(uint16_t index_offset, uint16_t learning_time_offset_hours,
+                                uint16_t learning_time_gain_hours, uint16_t gating_max_duration_minutes,
+                                uint16_t gain_factor) {
+    this->nox_tuning_params_ = GasTuning{index_offset,
+                                         learning_time_offset_hours,
+                                         learning_time_gain_hours,
+                                         gating_max_duration_minutes,
+                                         NOX_STD_INITIAL,
+                                         gain_factor};
+  }
 
  protected:
   Sen6xType infer_type_from_product_name_(const std::string &product_name);
+  void run_next_setup_step_();
+  void finish_setup_();
+  bool write_config_words_(uint16_t i2c_command, const uint16_t *data, uint8_t len);
+  bool write_tuning_parameters_(uint16_t i2c_command, const GasTuning &tuning);
   void poll_data_ready_();
   void read_measurements_();
   void parse_and_publish_measurements_();
 
-  bool initialized_{false};
   std::string product_name_;
-  Sen6xType sen6x_type_{UNKNOWN};
   std::string serial_number_;
+  optional<GasTuning> voc_tuning_params_;
+  optional<GasTuning> nox_tuning_params_;
+  Sen6xType sen6x_type_{UNKNOWN};
   uint16_t read_cmd_{0};
+  uint8_t setup_step_index_{0};
   uint8_t firmware_version_major_{0};
   uint8_t firmware_version_minor_{0};
   uint8_t poll_retries_remaining_{0};
   uint8_t read_words_{0};
+  bool initialized_{false};
   bool startup_complete_{false};
 };
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sen6x/sensor.py b/esphome/components/sen6x/sensor.py
index 832a2188ee..4c0242f2e3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sen6x/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sen6x/sensor.py
@@ -3,15 +3,22 @@ from esphome.components import i2c, sensirion_common, sensor
 from esphome.components.const import CONF_NOX_INDEX, CONF_VOC_INDEX
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ALGORITHM_TUNING,
     CONF_CO2,
     CONF_FORMALDEHYDE,
+    CONF_GAIN_FACTOR,
+    CONF_GATING_MAX_DURATION_MINUTES,
     CONF_HUMIDITY,
     CONF_ID,
+    CONF_INDEX_OFFSET,
+    CONF_LEARNING_TIME_GAIN_HOURS,
+    CONF_LEARNING_TIME_OFFSET_HOURS,
     CONF_NOX,
     CONF_PM_1_0,
     CONF_PM_2_5,
     CONF_PM_4_0,
     CONF_PM_10_0,
+    CONF_STD_INITIAL,
     CONF_TEMPERATURE,
     CONF_TYPE,
     CONF_VOC,
@@ -32,6 +39,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@martgras", "@mebner86", "@tuct"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -43,6 +51,42 @@ SEN6XComponent = sen6x_ns.class_(
 )
 
 
+def _gas_index_schema(
+    *,
+    index_offset: int,
+    gating_max_duration: int,
+    std_initial: int | None,
+) -> cv.Schema:
+    """Sensor schema for a gas index sensor with optional algorithm tuning.
+
+    std_initial is only configurable for VOC; the NOx algorithm requires 50.
+    """
+    tuning_schema = {
+        cv.Optional(CONF_INDEX_OFFSET, default=index_offset): cv.int_range(
+            min=1, max=250
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_LEARNING_TIME_OFFSET_HOURS, default=12): cv.int_range(
+            min=1, max=1000
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_LEARNING_TIME_GAIN_HOURS, default=12): cv.int_range(
+            min=1, max=1000
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(
+            CONF_GATING_MAX_DURATION_MINUTES, default=gating_max_duration
+        ): cv.int_range(min=0, max=3000),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_GAIN_FACTOR, default=230): cv.int_range(min=1, max=1000),
+    }
+    if std_initial is not None:
+        tuning_schema[cv.Optional(CONF_STD_INITIAL, default=std_initial)] = (
+            cv.int_range(min=10, max=5000)
+        )
+    return sensor.sensor_schema(
+        icon=ICON_RADIATOR,
+        accuracy_decimals=0,
+        state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+    ).extend({cv.Optional(CONF_ALGORITHM_TUNING): cv.Schema(tuning_schema)})
+
+
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     cv.rename_key(CONF_VOC, CONF_VOC_INDEX, removed_in="2027.2.0", component="sen6x"),
     cv.rename_key(CONF_NOX, CONF_NOX_INDEX, removed_in="2027.2.0", component="sen6x"),
@@ -93,15 +137,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                 device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_HUMIDITY,
                 state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
             ),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_VOC_INDEX): sensor.sensor_schema(
-                icon=ICON_RADIATOR,
-                accuracy_decimals=0,
-                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_VOC_INDEX): _gas_index_schema(
+                index_offset=100,
+                gating_max_duration=180,
+                std_initial=50,
             ),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_NOX_INDEX): sensor.sensor_schema(
-                icon=ICON_RADIATOR,
-                accuracy_decimals=0,
-                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_NOX_INDEX): _gas_index_schema(
+                index_offset=1,
+                gating_max_duration=720,
+                std_initial=None,
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_CO2): sensor.sensor_schema(
                 unit_of_measurement=UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
@@ -136,7 +180,7 @@ SENSOR_MAP = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
@@ -148,3 +192,20 @@ async def to_code(config):
         if cfg := config.get(key):
             sens = await sensor.new_sensor(cfg)
             cg.add(getattr(var, func_name)(sens))
+
+    for key, setter in (
+        (CONF_VOC_INDEX, "set_voc_algorithm_tuning"),
+        (CONF_NOX_INDEX, "set_nox_algorithm_tuning"),
+    ):
+        if (tuning := config.get(key, {}).get(CONF_ALGORITHM_TUNING)) is not None:
+            args = [
+                tuning[CONF_INDEX_OFFSET],
+                tuning[CONF_LEARNING_TIME_OFFSET_HOURS],
+                tuning[CONF_LEARNING_TIME_GAIN_HOURS],
+                tuning[CONF_GATING_MAX_DURATION_MINUTES],
+            ]
+            # std_initial is in the schema for VOC only
+            if (std_initial := tuning.get(CONF_STD_INITIAL)) is not None:
+                args.append(std_initial)
+            args.append(tuning[CONF_GAIN_FACTOR])
+            cg.add(getattr(var, setter)(*args))
diff --git a/esphome/components/sendspin/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sendspin/__init__.py
index e20925f323..570fd3fadd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sendspin/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sendspin/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from dataclasses import dataclass
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -6,12 +6,16 @@ from esphome.components import esp32, network, psram, socket, wifi
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BUFFER_SIZE,
+    CONF_FORMAT,
+    CONF_HEIGHT,
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_SAMPLE_RATE,
+    CONF_SOURCE,
     CONF_TASK_STACK_IN_PSRAM,
+    CONF_WIDTH,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, ID
-from esphome.cpp_generator import TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 # mdns for autodiscovery
@@ -20,12 +24,16 @@ CODEOWNERS = ["@kahrendt"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["network"]
 DOMAIN = "sendspin"
 
+CONF_DISPLAY_OFFSET = "display_offset"
 CONF_SENDSPIN_ID = "sendspin_id"
 
 CONF_INITIAL_STATIC_DELAY = "initial_static_delay"
 CONF_FIXED_DELAY = "fixed_delay"
 CONF_DECODE_MEMORY = "decode_memory"
 
+# Matches ARTWORK_MAX_SLOTS in sendspin-cpp.
+MAX_ARTWORK_SLOTS = 4
+
 # sendspin-cpp library lives in the global `sendspin` namespace.
 sendspin_library_ns = cg.global_ns.namespace("sendspin")
 
@@ -36,9 +44,20 @@ CODEC_FORMAT_OPUS = SendspinCodecFormat.enum("OPUS")
 CODEC_FORMAT_PCM = SendspinCodecFormat.enum("PCM")
 CODEC_FORMAT_UNSUPPORTED = SendspinCodecFormat.enum("UNSUPPORTED")
 
+SendspinImageFormat = sendspin_library_ns.enum("SendspinImageFormat", is_class=True)
+IMAGE_FORMAT_JPEG = SendspinImageFormat.enum("JPEG")
+IMAGE_FORMAT_PNG = SendspinImageFormat.enum("PNG")
+IMAGE_FORMAT_BMP = SendspinImageFormat.enum("BMP")
+
+SendspinImageSource = sendspin_library_ns.enum("SendspinImageSource", is_class=True)
+IMAGE_SOURCE_ALBUM = SendspinImageSource.enum("ALBUM")
+IMAGE_SOURCE_ARTIST = SendspinImageSource.enum("ARTIST")
+
 # Library Structs
 AudioSupportedFormatObject = sendspin_library_ns.struct("AudioSupportedFormatObject")
 PlayerRoleConfig = sendspin_library_ns.struct("PlayerRoleConfig")
+ArtworkRoleConfig = sendspin_library_ns.struct("ArtworkRoleConfig")
+ImageSlotPreference = sendspin_library_ns.struct("ImageSlotPreference")
 
 # MemoryLocation enum (from sendspin/types.h) controls SPIRAM-vs-internal-RAM placement
 # preference for the player role's transfer buffers.
@@ -76,6 +95,7 @@ class SendspinConfiguration:
     player_support: bool = False
     visualizer_support: bool = False
 
+    artwork_preferences: list[ConfigType] = field(default_factory=list)
     player_config: ConfigType | None = None
 
 
@@ -110,6 +130,22 @@ def request_visualizer_support() -> None:
     _get_data().visualizer_support = True
 
 
+def register_artwork_preference(config: ConfigType) -> int:
+    """Register an artwork slot preference and return the slot it was given.
+
+    A slot is a preference's position in the list, which is also the order the roles are
+    advertised to the server in.
+    """
+    request_artwork_support()
+    preferences = _get_data().artwork_preferences
+    if len(preferences) >= MAX_ARTWORK_SLOTS:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"Too many Sendspin image slots. Maximum is {MAX_ARTWORK_SLOTS}."
+        )
+    preferences.append(config)
+    return len(preferences) - 1
+
+
 def register_player_config(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     """Register the player role config from the media source subcomponent."""
     data = _get_data()
@@ -183,7 +219,7 @@ async def sendspin_switch_to_code(
     action_id: ID,
     template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
     args: TemplateArgsType,
-):
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
@@ -198,7 +234,7 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
         psram.request_external_task_stack()
 
     # sendspin-cpp library
-    esp32.add_idf_component(name="sendspin/sendspin-cpp", ref="0.7.0")
+    esp32.add_idf_component(name="sendspin/sendspin-cpp", ref="0.7.2")
 
     cg.add_define("USE_SENDSPIN", True)  # for MDNS
 
@@ -211,6 +247,29 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # and disable building unused code paths in the sendspin-cpp library (IDF SDKConfig via CONFIG_SENDSPIN_ENABLE_*).
     if data.artwork_support:
         cg.add_define("USE_SENDSPIN_ARTWORK", True)
+
+        # require_frame_done is always on: SendspinImageSlot always acks a delivery, either
+        # immediately or from the transition_finished action.
+        preference_structs = [
+            cg.StructInitializer(
+                ImageSlotPreference,
+                ("source", pref[CONF_SOURCE]),
+                ("format", pref[CONF_FORMAT]),
+                ("width", pref[CONF_WIDTH]),
+                ("height", pref[CONF_HEIGHT]),
+                ("require_frame_done", True),
+                ("display_offset_ms", pref[CONF_DISPLAY_OFFSET]),
+            )
+            for pref in data.artwork_preferences
+        ]
+
+        artwork_psram_stack = bool(config.get(CONF_TASK_STACK_IN_PSRAM))
+        artwork_config = cg.StructInitializer(
+            ArtworkRoleConfig,
+            ("preferred_formats", preference_structs),
+            ("psram_stack", artwork_psram_stack),
+        )
+        cg.add(var.set_artwork_config(artwork_config))
     else:
         esp32.add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_SENDSPIN_ENABLE_ARTWORK", False)
 
@@ -238,7 +297,7 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
             codecs.append(CODEC_FORMAT_OPUS)
         codecs.append(CODEC_FORMAT_PCM)
 
-        def _audio_format(codec, channels):
+        def _audio_format(codec: MockObj, channels: int) -> cg.StructInitializer:
             return cg.StructInitializer(
                 AudioSupportedFormatObject,
                 ("codec", codec),
diff --git a/esphome/components/sendspin/image/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sendspin/image/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3c6c82b009
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/sendspin/image/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+"""Sendspin image platform."""
+
+from esphome import automation
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import runtime_image
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_SLOT
+from esphome.components.image import CONF_TRANSPARENCY, Image_, add_metadata
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_FORMAT,
+    CONF_HEIGHT,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_RESIZE,
+    CONF_SOURCE,
+    CONF_TYPE,
+    CONF_WIDTH,
+)
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+from .. import (
+    CONF_DISPLAY_OFFSET,
+    CONF_SENDSPIN_ID,
+    IMAGE_FORMAT_BMP,
+    IMAGE_FORMAT_JPEG,
+    IMAGE_FORMAT_PNG,
+    IMAGE_SOURCE_ALBUM,
+    IMAGE_SOURCE_ARTIST,
+    SendspinHub,
+    register_artwork_preference,
+    sendspin_ns,
+)
+
+AUTO_LOAD = ["runtime_image"]
+CODEOWNERS = ["@kahrendt"]
+DEPENDENCIES = ["sendspin"]
+
+# runtime_image refuses to size a buffer beyond this, so anything larger fails at setup rather
+# than at validation. The library's ImageSlotPreference width/height fields are uint16_t, which
+# is the looser of the two bounds.
+MAX_IMAGE_DIMENSION = 32767
+
+# Sanity bound for display_offset; the library field is int32_t milliseconds and offsets beyond
+# a few seconds around the track boundary are meaningless.
+MAX_DISPLAY_OFFSET = cv.TimePeriod(seconds=60)
+MIN_DISPLAY_OFFSET = cv.TimePeriod(seconds=-60)
+
+CONF_CURRENT_IMAGE = "current_image"
+CONF_TRANSITION_IMAGE = "transition_image"
+CONF_ON_IMAGE_DISPLAY = "on_image_display"
+CONF_ON_IMAGE_CLEAR = "on_image_clear"
+CONF_ON_IMAGE_ERROR = "on_image_error"
+
+# Map runtime_image's validated format string to the sendspin library's SendspinImageFormat enum.
+# runtime_image accepts "JPG" as an alias for JPEG, so both keys map to the JPEG enum.
+_FORMAT_TO_SENDSPIN_ENUM = {
+    "JPEG": IMAGE_FORMAT_JPEG,
+    "JPG": IMAGE_FORMAT_JPEG,
+    "PNG": IMAGE_FORMAT_PNG,
+    "BMP": IMAGE_FORMAT_BMP,
+}
+
+# The library's SendspinImageSource::NONE is its internal "unset" sentinel; a slot advertising it
+# would never receive artwork while still paying for two frame buffers, so it is not offered here.
+IMAGE_SOURCES = {
+    "ALBUM": IMAGE_SOURCE_ALBUM,
+    "ARTIST": IMAGE_SOURCE_ARTIST,
+}
+
+# The platform entry configures an artwork slot; the images it shows are declared inside it. The
+# slot itself is the automation target (triggers and the transition_finished action).
+SendspinImageSlot = sendspin_ns.class_(
+    "SendspinImageSlot",
+    cg.Component,
+    cg.Parented.template(SendspinHub),
+)
+ArtworkImageView = sendspin_ns.class_("ArtworkImageView", Image_)
+
+# A dict rather than a bare ID so per-image options can be added later without a new top-level key.
+_IMAGE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema({cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(ArtworkImageView)})
+
+_CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
+    automation.CallbackAutomation(
+        CONF_ON_IMAGE_DISPLAY,
+        "add_on_image_display_callback",
+        [(cg.uint32, "lateness_ms")],
+    ),
+    automation.CallbackAutomation(CONF_ON_IMAGE_CLEAR, "add_on_image_clear_callback"),
+    automation.CallbackAutomation(CONF_ON_IMAGE_ERROR, "add_on_image_error_callback"),
+)
+
+
+def _assign_slot_and_register(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """Register the artwork preference with the hub and record the slot it was given."""
+    width, height = config[CONF_RESIZE]
+    if width > MAX_IMAGE_DIMENSION or height > MAX_IMAGE_DIMENSION:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"'{CONF_RESIZE}' width and height must be {MAX_IMAGE_DIMENSION} or less",
+            path=[CONF_RESIZE],
+        )
+
+    config[CONF_SLOT] = register_artwork_preference(
+        {
+            CONF_SOURCE: config[CONF_SOURCE],
+            CONF_FORMAT: _FORMAT_TO_SENDSPIN_ENUM[config[CONF_FORMAT]],
+            CONF_WIDTH: width,
+            CONF_HEIGHT: height,
+            CONF_DISPLAY_OFFSET: config[CONF_DISPLAY_OFFSET].total_milliseconds,
+        }
+    )
+    return config
+
+
+# The format, type, resize, transparency, byte order and placeholder keys all describe the slot:
+# they set what is requested from the server and how it is decoded, not either individual image.
+# Only the IDs are per-image, so runtime_image_schema declares the slot itself.
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    runtime_image.runtime_image_schema(SendspinImageSlot).extend(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(SendspinImageSlot),
+            cv.GenerateID(CONF_SENDSPIN_ID): cv.use_id(SendspinHub),
+            # Narrow runtime_image's format list to what the library can request, so the
+            # accepted set and the enum map below cannot drift apart.
+            cv.Required(CONF_FORMAT): cv.one_of(*_FORMAT_TO_SENDSPIN_ENUM, upper=True),
+            cv.Required(CONF_RESIZE): cv.dimensions,
+            cv.Required(CONF_CURRENT_IMAGE): _IMAGE_SCHEMA,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TRANSITION_IMAGE): _IMAGE_SCHEMA,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_SOURCE, default="ALBUM"): cv.enum(
+                IMAGE_SOURCES, upper=True
+            ),
+            # Positive fires on_image_display before the server's display timestamp (negative
+            # delays it), so a cross-fade can straddle the track boundary.
+            cv.Optional(CONF_DISPLAY_OFFSET, default="0ms"): cv.All(
+                cv.time_period,
+                # The library field is whole milliseconds; reject finer values rather than
+                # silently rounding them down to zero.
+                cv.time_period_in_milliseconds_,
+                cv.Range(min=MIN_DISPLAY_OFFSET, max=MAX_DISPLAY_OFFSET),
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ON_IMAGE_DISPLAY): automation.validate_automation({}),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ON_IMAGE_CLEAR): automation.validate_automation({}),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ON_IMAGE_ERROR): automation.validate_automation({}),
+        }
+    ),
+    runtime_image.validate_runtime_image_settings,
+    cv.only_on_esp32,
+    _assign_slot_and_register,
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    settings = await runtime_image.process_runtime_image_config(config)
+
+    def make_view(view_id: ID) -> cg.MockObj:
+        # Views start with no frame; the slot points them at its buffers in setup(). The size is
+        # given up front so the view is well formed before then. LVGL picks it up from the first
+        # lvgl.image.update in on_image_display, not from the widget's initial src: at that point
+        # the view still has no frame, so its descriptor is empty.
+        view = cg.new_Pvariable(
+            view_id,
+            cg.nullptr,
+            settings.width,
+            settings.height,
+            settings.image_type_enum,
+            settings.transparent,
+        )
+        add_metadata(
+            view_id,
+            settings.width,
+            settings.height,
+            config[CONF_TYPE],
+            config[CONF_TRANSPARENCY],
+        )
+        return view
+
+    current_image = make_view(config[CONF_CURRENT_IMAGE][CONF_ID])
+    if settings.placeholder is not None:
+        cg.add(current_image.set_placeholder(settings.placeholder))
+
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(
+        config[CONF_ID],
+        config[CONF_SLOT],
+        current_image,
+        settings.width,
+        settings.height,
+        settings.format_enum,
+        settings.image_type_enum,
+        settings.transparent,
+        settings.byte_order_big_endian,
+    )
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_SENDSPIN_ID])
+
+    if (transition_image := config.get(CONF_TRANSITION_IMAGE)) is not None:
+        cg.add(var.set_transition_image(make_view(transition_image[CONF_ID])))
+
+    await automation.build_callback_automations(var, config, _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS)
+
+
+SendspinImageTransitionFinishedAction = sendspin_ns.class_(
+    "SendspinImageTransitionFinishedAction",
+    automation.Action,
+    cg.Parented.template(SendspinImageSlot),
+)
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "sendspin.image.transition_finished",
+    SendspinImageTransitionFinishedAction,
+    automation.maybe_simple_id(
+        cv.Schema(
+            {
+                cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(SendspinImageSlot),
+            }
+        )
+    ),
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def sendspin_image_transition_finished_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> cg.MockObj:
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
+    await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
+    return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/sendspin/image/automation.h b/esphome/components/sendspin/image/automation.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..154e62a4b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/sendspin/image/automation.h
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(USE_SENDSPIN_ARTWORK)
+
+#include "esphome/core/automation.h"
+#include "sendspin_image.h"
+
+namespace esphome::sendspin_ {
+
+template<typename... Ts>
+class SendspinImageTransitionFinishedAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<SendspinImageSlot> {
+ public:
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->transition_finished(); }
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::sendspin_
+
+#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/sendspin/image/sendspin_image.cpp b/esphome/components/sendspin/image/sendspin_image.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..558a292d5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/sendspin/image/sendspin_image.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+#include "sendspin_image.h"
+
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(USE_SENDSPIN_ARTWORK)
+
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+#include <cstring>
+
+namespace esphome::sendspin_ {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "sendspin.image";
+
+// How long a displayed frame may wait for sendspin.image.transition_finished before a warning
+// names the missing ack. Generous next to a typical fade of a second or two.
+static constexpr uint32_t TRANSITION_ACK_WARNING_MS = 10000;
+
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Main loop. Children set up after the hub, so the artwork role already exists.
+void SendspinImageSlot::setup() {
+  const size_t frame_size = this->decode_sink_.get_buffer_size(this->width_, this->height_);
+  if (frame_size == 0) {
+    // The sink would refuse a buffer of these dimensions, so every decode would fall back to
+    // allocating one of its own. Fail here instead, where the dimensions are already known.
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Cannot decode artwork at %dx%d", this->width_, this->height_);
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  RAMAllocator<uint8_t> allocator;
+  for (uint8_t *&buffer : this->buffers_) {
+    buffer = allocator.allocate(frame_size);
+    if (buffer == nullptr) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Could not allocate %zu bytes for an artwork frame. Largest free block: %zu", frame_size,
+               allocator.get_max_free_block_size());
+      for (uint8_t *&allocated : this->buffers_) {
+        allocator.deallocate(allocated, frame_size);
+        allocated = nullptr;
+      }
+      this->mark_failed();
+      return;
+    }
+    // Both buffers start black, so a transition has something to fade from before any artwork
+    // has arrived.
+    memset(buffer, 0, frame_size);
+  }
+
+  // Point both views at buffers_[current_index_] rather than the buffer the first decode writes
+  // into, so they name a frame that stays black until artwork arrives.
+  this->current_image_->set_frame(this->buffers_[this->current_index_], this->width_, this->height_);
+  if (this->transition_image_ != nullptr) {
+    this->transition_image_->set_frame(this->buffers_[this->current_index_], this->width_, this->height_);
+  }
+
+  this->parent_->add_image_decode_callback(
+      [this](uint8_t slot, const uint8_t *data, size_t length, sendspin::SendspinImageFormat) {
+        if (slot == this->slot_)
+          this->on_decode_(data, length);
+      });
+  this->parent_->add_image_display_callback([this](uint8_t slot, uint32_t lateness_ms) {
+    if (slot == this->slot_)
+      this->on_display_(lateness_ms);
+  });
+  this->parent_->add_image_clear_callback([this](uint8_t slot) {
+    if (slot == this->slot_)
+      this->on_clear_();
+  });
+}
+
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Dedicated artwork decode thread. The data pointer is valid only for this call.
+void SendspinImageSlot::on_decode_(const uint8_t *data, size_t length) {
+  uint8_t *target;
+  {
+    // The lock makes the main loop's last swap of current_index_ visible here. The frame_done gate
+    // is what guarantees the buffer it picks out is not still needed by the main loop.
+    LockGuard lock(this->pending_mutex_);
+    target = this->buffers_[this->current_index_ ^ 1];
+  }
+
+  // The server letterboxes artwork onto a canvas of exactly the requested dimensions, so the sink
+  // is pinned to them: a decode that asks for anything else is a malformed payload and drops the
+  // frame.
+  if (!this->decode_sink_.set_external_buffer(target, this->width_, this->height_)) {
+    // setup() rules this out, but decoding without the handover would allocate a frame-sized
+    // buffer on this thread, which is exactly what the permanent buffers exist to avoid.
+    this->report_error_();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const bool decoded = this->decode_frame_(data, length, target);
+  // Ends any half-finished decode session (the decoder object is kept for reuse). An external
+  // buffer is let go of rather than freed, so this is safe on every path.
+  this->decode_sink_.release();
+
+  if (!decoded) {
+    // The buffer keeps whatever the failed decode painted into it, but no view names it while a
+    // decode can run, so nothing shows it.
+    this->report_error_();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  LockGuard lock(this->pending_mutex_);
+  this->frame_pending_ = true;
+}
+
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Artwork decode thread, with target already handed to the sink.
+bool SendspinImageSlot::decode_frame_(const uint8_t *data, size_t length, const uint8_t *target) {
+  if (!this->decode_sink_.begin_decode(length)) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Could not start decode");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  size_t total_consumed = 0;
+  while (total_consumed < length) {
+    int consumed = this->decode_sink_.feed_data(const_cast<uint8_t *>(data) + total_consumed, length - total_consumed);
+    if (consumed <= 0) {
+      // <0 is a decode error; 0 means the decoder cannot make progress (truncated/corrupt data).
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Decode failed at offset %zu (result %d)", total_consumed, consumed);
+      return false;
+    }
+    total_consumed += consumed;
+  }
+
+  if (!this->decode_sink_.end_decode()) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Could not finalize decode");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // A decode that asked for other dimensions had the buffer taken away from it, so it painted
+  // nothing (or stopped partway). JPEG and BMP report that as an error above; PNG carries on
+  // regardless, so the frame is dropped here.
+  return this->decode_sink_.decoded_into(target);
+}
+
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Main loop (fired once the slot's offset-shifted display deadline is reached).
+void SendspinImageSlot::on_display_(uint32_t lateness_ms) {
+  bool frame_ready;
+  {
+    LockGuard lock(this->pending_mutex_);
+    frame_ready = this->frame_pending_;
+    this->frame_pending_ = false;
+    if (frame_ready) {
+      // The decoded frame becomes the current one; the frame it replaces becomes the outgoing
+      // frame, and the next decode target once the transition is acked.
+      this->current_index_ ^= 1;
+    }
+  }
+  if (!frame_ready) {
+    // The decode for this display failed, so there is nothing new to show. The delivery still owes
+    // its ack or the library would withhold every later frame for this slot.
+    this->parent_->artwork_frame_done(this->slot_);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // The frame this display replaces is only real artwork if something was already on screen.
+  const bool outgoing_is_artwork = this->showing_artwork_;
+  this->showing_artwork_ = true;
+  this->apply_frames_(outgoing_is_artwork);
+
+  // Armed before the trigger fires so an automation that acks synchronously still counts, and armed
+  // for the first frame too so the contract stays uniform: one transition_finished per display.
+  this->transition_pending_ = this->transition_image_ != nullptr;
+  if (this->transition_pending_) {
+    // The library holds back further deliveries until the ack, with no timeout, so an automation
+    // that never reaches the action stalls the slot with nothing in the log. Name the cause after
+    // a generous wait. Arming again replaces the previous timeout, so it cannot fire for a frame
+    // that was already acked and superseded.
+    this->set_timeout("transition_ack", TRANSITION_ACK_WARNING_MS, [this]() {
+      if (this->transition_pending_) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG,
+                 "Slot %u: displayed artwork was never acknowledged; no new artwork will arrive until "
+                 "sendspin.image.transition_finished runs or the stream is cleared",
+                 this->slot_);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+  this->image_display_callback_.call(lateness_ms);
+  if (this->transition_image_ == nullptr) {
+    this->finish_transition_();
+  }
+}
+
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Main loop.
+void SendspinImageSlot::finish_transition_() {
+  this->transition_pending_ = false;
+  if (this->transition_image_ != nullptr) {
+    // Move it off the buffer the next decode writes into. What it shows does not change: the
+    // buffer it moves to holds the artwork the transition just settled on.
+    this->transition_image_->set_frame(this->buffers_[this->current_index_], this->width_, this->height_);
+    this->transition_image_->set_showing_artwork(this->showing_artwork_);
+  }
+  // The ack wakes the decode thread, which may start writing buffers_[current_index_ ^ 1] straight
+  // away, so nothing may still name that buffer by the time this runs.
+  this->parent_->artwork_frame_done(this->slot_);
+}
+
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Main loop (invoked from the sendspin.image.transition_finished action).
+void SendspinImageSlot::transition_finished() {
+  if (!this->transition_pending_) {
+    return;
+  }
+  this->finish_transition_();
+}
+
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Main loop (fired on stream end or clear for this slot).
+void SendspinImageSlot::on_clear_() {
+  {
+    LockGuard lock(this->pending_mutex_);
+    // Drop a frame that was decoded but never displayed; its buffer stays the decode target.
+    this->frame_pending_ = false;
+  }
+  // No pixels are touched and the views keep naming the frames they had: a widget goes on drawing
+  // the last artwork until the automation points it elsewhere or hides it. Only the display lambda
+  // path stops drawing the artwork, falling back to the placeholder.
+  this->current_image_->set_showing_artwork(false);
+  if (this->transition_image_ != nullptr) {
+    // Point it away from the decode target, as at setup, so it cannot show a frame being decoded.
+    this->transition_image_->set_frame(this->buffers_[this->current_index_], this->width_, this->height_);
+    this->transition_image_->set_showing_artwork(false);
+  }
+  this->showing_artwork_ = false;
+  // Drops a running transition. Its automation cannot be cancelled here, so a late
+  // transition_finished() can ack the next stream's first frame early, showing it without its
+  // transition. The ack count stays right.
+  this->transition_pending_ = false;
+  this->image_clear_callback_.call();
+  // A clear is itself a delivery owing exactly one ack, and it supersedes any un-acked frame --
+  // including one whose transition never signalled transition_finished(), so a stalled slot
+  // recovers here.
+  this->parent_->artwork_frame_done(this->slot_);
+}
+
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Main loop.
+void SendspinImageSlot::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "Artwork slot %u:\n"
+                "  Dimensions: %dx%d\n"
+                "  Frame buffers: 2 x %zu bytes\n"
+                "  Transition image: %s",
+                this->slot_, this->width_, this->height_,
+                this->decode_sink_.get_buffer_size(this->width_, this->height_),
+                YESNO(this->transition_image_ != nullptr));
+}
+
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Main loop.
+void SendspinImageSlot::apply_frames_(bool transition_is_artwork) {
+  this->current_image_->set_frame(this->buffers_[this->current_index_], this->width_, this->height_);
+  this->current_image_->set_showing_artwork(true);
+  if (this->transition_image_ != nullptr) {
+    this->transition_image_->set_frame(this->buffers_[this->current_index_ ^ 1], this->width_, this->height_);
+    this->transition_image_->set_showing_artwork(transition_is_artwork);
+  }
+}
+
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Artwork decode thread. Triggers must run on the main loop; defer() is thread-safe
+// here because the hub enables wake_loop_threadsafe support.
+void SendspinImageSlot::report_error_() {
+  this->defer([this]() { this->image_error_callback_.call(); });
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::sendspin_
+
+#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/sendspin/image/sendspin_image.h b/esphome/components/sendspin/image/sendspin_image.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2f6f4e8a4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/sendspin/image/sendspin_image.h
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(USE_SENDSPIN_ARTWORK)
+
+#include "esphome/components/image/image.h"
+#include "esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.h"
+#include "esphome/components/sendspin/sendspin_hub.h"
+
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+#include <sendspin/artwork_role.h>
+
+#include <array>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace esphome::sendspin_ {
+
+/// @brief Decode-only RuntimeImage that decodes into a buffer owned by SendspinImageSlot.
+///
+/// Runs exclusively on the sendspin library's artwork decode thread. RuntimeImage's decode path
+/// overwrites the fields the display reads (data_start_/width_/height_), so it must never be the
+/// object shown on screen.
+class ArtworkDecodeSink : public runtime_image::RuntimeImage {
+ public:
+  using runtime_image::RuntimeImage::RuntimeImage;
+
+  /// @brief True when the decode ended with the given buffer still in place.
+  ///
+  /// An external buffer is dropped rather than resized, so a decode that wanted other dimensions
+  /// leaves the sink holding nothing. The JPEG and BMP decoders report that as a decode error, but
+  /// the PNG decoder ignores it and reports success, so the outcome is checked here as well.
+  bool decoded_into(const uint8_t *buffer) const { return this->buffer_ == buffer; }
+};
+
+/// @brief A non-owning image::Image view over a buffer owned by SendspinImageSlot.
+///
+/// Each slot publishes its frames through these: one for the artwork on screen, and optionally a
+/// second for the outgoing frame during a cross-fade. A view always names a frame, black to begin
+/// with, so LVGL can be given it as a widget source before any artwork exists. Main loop only.
+class ArtworkImageView : public image::Image {
+ public:
+  using image::Image::Image;
+
+  void set_frame(const uint8_t *data, int width, int height) {
+    this->data_start_ = data;
+    this->width_ = width;
+    this->height_ = height;
+#ifdef USE_LVGL
+    // Keep the descriptor LVGL is handed in step with the frame. This does not redraw anything:
+    // only setting a widget's source invalidates it.
+    this->get_lv_image_dsc();
+#endif
+  }
+
+  /// @brief Records whether the frame on show is real artwork rather than the black it starts as.
+  ///
+  /// Only changes what the display lambda path draws. The frame itself is left alone, so anything
+  /// reading the pixels directly (an LVGL widget) keeps drawing the last artwork until it is
+  /// pointed elsewhere.
+  void set_showing_artwork(bool showing_artwork) { this->showing_artwork_ = showing_artwork; }
+
+  void set_placeholder(image::Image *placeholder) { this->placeholder_ = placeholder; }
+
+  void draw(int x, int y, display::Display *display, Color color_on, Color color_off) override {
+    if (!this->showing_artwork_) {
+      // Nothing worth showing yet: the placeholder if there is one, otherwise leave the area be
+      // rather than paint a blank frame over it.
+      if (this->placeholder_ != nullptr) {
+        this->placeholder_->draw(x, y, display, color_on, color_off);
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+    image::Image::draw(x, y, display, color_on, color_off);
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  image::Image *placeholder_{nullptr};
+  bool showing_artwork_{false};
+};
+
+/// @brief A single artwork slot: owns the frame buffers and publishes them to its image views.
+///
+/// BUFFERS: two buffers, allocated zeroed at setup and never freed. One holds the frame the current
+/// image shows; the other holds the outgoing frame a transition shows, and is where the next
+/// artwork is decoded. Each display swaps their roles.
+///
+/// THREADING: the sendspin library decodes on a dedicated thread and fires display/clear on the
+/// main loop. Decoding runs into decode_sink_, which writes into the buffer the current image is
+/// not showing; the swap that puts it on screen happens on the main loop. Every slot enables the
+/// library's require_frame_done gate, which withholds further deliveries for the slot (buffering
+/// the newest payload, latest wins) until the hub's artwork_frame_done() runs. That gate is what
+/// makes two buffers enough: no decode starts while the main loop still needs the outgoing frame.
+///
+/// LVGL: publishing a frame to a view updates the descriptor LVGL was handed but does not
+/// invalidate the widget, so every widget's source must be set again on each display.
+class SendspinImageSlot : public SendspinChild {
+ public:
+  SendspinImageSlot(uint8_t slot, ArtworkImageView *current_image, int width, int height,
+                    runtime_image::ImageFormat format, image::ImageType type, image::Transparency transparency,
+                    bool is_big_endian)
+      : decode_sink_(format, type, transparency, nullptr, is_big_endian, width, height),
+        current_image_(current_image),
+        width_(width),
+        height_(height),
+        slot_(slot) {}
+
+  void setup() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+
+  template<typename F> void add_on_image_display_callback(F &&callback) {
+    this->image_display_callback_.add(std::forward<F>(callback));
+  }
+  template<typename F> void add_on_image_clear_callback(F &&callback) {
+    this->image_clear_callback_.add(std::forward<F>(callback));
+  }
+  template<typename F> void add_on_image_error_callback(F &&callback) {
+    this->image_error_callback_.add(std::forward<F>(callback));
+  }
+
+  /// @brief Sets the optional view a transition draws the outgoing artwork from.
+  ///
+  /// It holds the outgoing frame while a transition is running and the current frame at any other
+  /// time, so it always names a picture and never the frame being decoded.
+  ///
+  /// Setting it is also what defers the library ack to transition_finished(): the ack releases the
+  /// outgoing frame to be decoded over, and this view is the only thing that still names it.
+  void set_transition_image(ArtworkImageView *transition_image) { this->transition_image_ = transition_image; }
+
+  /// @brief Signals that the display transition for the last frame has finished.
+  ///
+  /// Acks the library so the next artwork can be delivered, which also hands the outgoing frame's
+  /// buffer over to be decoded into. Safe no-op when no transition is pending (e.g. no transition
+  /// image is configured, a clear already ended the transition, or the call is a duplicate). Must
+  /// run on the main loop thread; exposed as the sendspin.image.transition_finished action.
+  void transition_finished();
+
+ protected:
+  void on_decode_(const uint8_t *data, size_t length);
+  bool decode_frame_(const uint8_t *data, size_t length, const uint8_t *target);
+  void on_display_(uint32_t lateness_ms);
+  void on_clear_();
+  void finish_transition_();
+  void apply_frames_(bool transition_is_artwork);
+  void report_error_();
+
+  ArtworkDecodeSink decode_sink_;
+
+  // The two frame buffers, allocated in setup() and never freed. Their contents are written on the
+  // decode thread and read by whatever draws the views, so only their roles are swapped, never the
+  // pointers themselves.
+  std::array<uint8_t *, 2> buffers_{};
+
+  // pending_mutex_ guards the two fields below, the only state shared across threads. Everything
+  // after them is touched on the main loop only.
+  Mutex pending_mutex_;
+  // Index into buffers_ of the frame the current image shows. buffers_[current_index_ ^ 1] holds
+  // the outgoing frame and is the next decode target. Written on the main loop, read on the
+  // decode thread.
+  uint8_t current_index_{0};
+  // Set on the decode thread once a frame is waiting in buffers_[current_index_ ^ 1].
+  bool frame_pending_{false};
+
+  // True once artwork has been displayed, until the next clear; decides whether the outgoing frame
+  // is real artwork or the black the buffers start as. Main loop only.
+  bool showing_artwork_{false};
+  // True while a displayed frame awaits transition_finished(); gates duplicate or stray calls
+  // so exactly one ack reaches the library per delivery. Main loop only.
+  bool transition_pending_{false};
+
+  ArtworkImageView *current_image_;
+  ArtworkImageView *transition_image_{nullptr};
+  int width_;
+  int height_;
+  uint8_t slot_;
+
+  LazyCallbackManager<void(uint32_t)> image_display_callback_{};
+  LazyCallbackManager<void()> image_clear_callback_{};
+  LazyCallbackManager<void()> image_error_callback_{};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::sendspin_
+
+#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/sendspin/media_player/sendspin_media_player.cpp b/esphome/components/sendspin/media_player/sendspin_media_player.cpp
index beb2028689..fe0bda6f42 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sendspin/media_player/sendspin_media_player.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sendspin/media_player/sendspin_media_player.cpp
@@ -34,11 +34,7 @@ void SendspinMediaPlayer::setup() {
           new_state = media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_IDLE;
           break;
       }
-      if (this->state != new_state) {
-        this->state = new_state;
-        this->publish_state();
-        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "State changed to %s", media_player::media_player_state_to_string(this->state));
-      }
+      this->set_playback_state_(new_state);
     }
   });
 
@@ -52,11 +48,27 @@ void SendspinMediaPlayer::setup() {
     }
   });
 
+  // The connection dropped, so nothing is playing. The server never gets to send a final "stopped" group update, so
+  // without this the entity keeps reporting playing indefinitely. Volume and mute keep their last values, since
+  // media_player has no way to express an unknown volume.
+  this->parent_->add_controller_state_clear_callback(
+      [this]() { this->set_playback_state_(media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_IDLE); });
+
   // Publish an initial state
   this->state = media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_IDLE;
   this->publish_state();
 }
 
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Main loop (called from the callbacks registered in setup())
+void SendspinMediaPlayer::set_playback_state_(media_player::MediaPlayerState new_state) {
+  if (this->state == new_state) {
+    return;
+  }
+  this->state = new_state;
+  this->publish_state();
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "State changed to %s", media_player::media_player_state_to_string(this->state));
+}
+
 // THREAD CONTEXT: Main loop (invoked by the media_player framework)
 media_player::MediaPlayerTraits SendspinMediaPlayer::get_traits() {
   auto traits = media_player::MediaPlayerTraits();
diff --git a/esphome/components/sendspin/media_player/sendspin_media_player.h b/esphome/components/sendspin/media_player/sendspin_media_player.h
index 651e1562be..ff76473189 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sendspin/media_player/sendspin_media_player.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sendspin/media_player/sendspin_media_player.h
@@ -25,6 +25,9 @@ class SendspinMediaPlayer final : public SendspinChild, public media_player::Med
   // Receives commands from HA
   void control(const media_player::MediaPlayerCall &call) override;
 
+  /// @brief Publishes @p new_state if it differs from the current state.
+  void set_playback_state_(media_player::MediaPlayerState new_state);
+
   float volume_increment_{0.05f};
   bool muted_{false};
 };
diff --git a/esphome/components/sendspin/sendspin_hub.cpp b/esphome/components/sendspin/sendspin_hub.cpp
index 04dbab0080..028491284a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sendspin/sendspin_hub.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sendspin/sendspin_hub.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,12 @@ namespace esphome::sendspin_ {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "sendspin.hub";
 
+#ifdef USE_SENDSPIN_ARTWORK
+// Indexed by the library enums, which start at zero and are contiguous.
+static const char *const IMAGE_SOURCE_NAMES[] = {"ALBUM", "ARTIST", "NONE"};
+static const char *const IMAGE_FORMAT_NAMES[] = {"JPEG", "PNG", "BMP"};
+#endif
+
 void SendspinHub::setup() {
   auto config = this->build_client_config_();
   this->client_ = std::make_unique<sendspin::SendspinClient>(std::move(config));
@@ -37,6 +43,11 @@ void SendspinHub::setup() {
   this->client_->set_network_provider(this);
   this->client_->set_persistence_provider(this);
 
+#ifdef USE_SENDSPIN_ARTWORK
+  this->artwork_role_ = &this->client_->add_artwork(this->artwork_config_);
+  this->artwork_role_->set_listener(this);
+#endif
+
 #ifdef USE_SENDSPIN_CONTROLLER
   this->controller_role_ = &this->client_->add_controller();
   this->controller_role_->set_listener(this);
@@ -67,6 +78,18 @@ void SendspinHub::dump_config() {
                 "  Client ID: %s\n"
                 "  Task stack in PSRAM: %s",
                 get_client_id_into_buffer(mac_buf), YESNO(this->task_stack_in_psram_));
+
+#ifdef USE_SENDSPIN_ARTWORK
+  // Slot indices come from the order the image platform entries were declared, so the log is the
+  // only place the mapping from a slot to the artwork it asked for can be read back.
+  uint8_t slot = 0;
+  for (const auto &preference : this->artwork_config_.preferred_formats) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Artwork slot %u: %s as %s, %ux%u, display offset %" PRId32 " ms", slot++,
+                  IMAGE_SOURCE_NAMES[static_cast<uint8_t>(preference.source)],
+                  IMAGE_FORMAT_NAMES[static_cast<uint8_t>(preference.format)], preference.width, preference.height,
+                  preference.display_offset_ms);
+  }
+#endif
 }
 
 // --- Delegating methods ---
@@ -174,6 +197,30 @@ std::optional<uint32_t> SendspinHub::load_last_server_hash() {
 
 // --- Sendspin role specific methods/overrides ---
 
+#ifdef USE_SENDSPIN_ARTWORK
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Dedicated artwork decode thread; downstream callbacks run here too
+void SendspinHub::on_image_decode(uint8_t slot, const uint8_t *data, size_t length,
+                                  sendspin::SendspinImageFormat format) {
+  this->artwork_image_decode_callbacks_.call(slot, data, length, format);
+}
+
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Main loop (fired from client_->loop() once the slot's offset-shifted display
+// deadline is reached; lateness_ms reports how far past the deadline the display slipped)
+void SendspinHub::on_image_display(uint8_t slot, uint32_t lateness_ms) {
+  this->artwork_image_display_callbacks_.call(slot, lateness_ms);
+}
+
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Main loop (fired from client_->loop())
+void SendspinHub::on_image_clear(uint8_t slot) { this->artwork_image_clear_callbacks_.call(slot); }
+
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Main loop (invoked from SendspinImageSlot once a delivery is fully presented)
+void SendspinHub::artwork_frame_done(uint8_t slot) {
+  if (this->artwork_role_ != nullptr) {
+    this->artwork_role_->frame_done(slot);
+  }
+}
+#endif
+
 #ifdef USE_SENDSPIN_CONTROLLER
 // THREAD CONTEXT: Main loop (invoked from ESPHome actions / other components)
 void SendspinHub::send_client_command(sendspin::SendspinControllerCommand command, std::optional<uint8_t> volume,
@@ -192,6 +239,12 @@ void SendspinHub::send_client_command(sendspin::SendspinControllerCommand comman
 void SendspinHub::on_controller_state(const sendspin::ServerStateControllerObject &state) {
   this->controller_state_callbacks_.call(state);
 }
+
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Main loop (ControllerRoleListener override, fired from client_->loop())
+// Unlike metadata, this cannot be fanned out as a default-constructed state object: volume and muted are plain values
+// rather than optionals, so children would read a real-looking 0% volume where we mean no value at all. A separate
+// callback lets each child clear only what it can represent.
+void SendspinHub::on_controller_state_clear() { this->controller_state_clear_callbacks_.call(); }
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_SENDSPIN_METADATA
@@ -200,6 +253,12 @@ void SendspinHub::on_metadata(const sendspin::ServerMetadataStateObject &metadat
   this->metadata_update_callbacks_.call(metadata);
 }
 
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Main loop (MetadataRoleListener override, fired from client_->loop())
+// The cached metadata was dropped because the connection to the server was lost, so what the children now mirror is
+// the empty state. Fanning that out as a default-constructed state object rather than through a separate callback
+// keeps one code path in the children: every field is nullopt, which they already publish as empty/unknown.
+void SendspinHub::on_metadata_clear() { this->metadata_update_callbacks_.call(sendspin::ServerMetadataStateObject{}); }
+
 // THREAD CONTEXT: Main loop (invoked from Sendspin components)
 uint32_t SendspinHub::get_track_progress_ms() const {
   if (this->is_ready()) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/sendspin/sendspin_hub.h b/esphome/components/sendspin/sendspin_hub.h
index c6b1ed97f7..7c50c3eb80 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sendspin/sendspin_hub.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sendspin/sendspin_hub.h
@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@
 #include <sendspin/config.h>
 #include <sendspin/types.h>
 
+#ifdef USE_SENDSPIN_ARTWORK
+#include <sendspin/artwork_role.h>
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_SENDSPIN_CONTROLLER
 #include <sendspin/controller_role.h>
 #endif
@@ -69,6 +72,9 @@ struct StaticDelayPref {
 ///    (for services the library pulls; e.g., persistence, network readiness).
 ///  - User -> library communication uses exposed functions on the client and role objects that the user calls.
 class SendspinHub final : public Component,
+#ifdef USE_SENDSPIN_ARTWORK
+                          public sendspin::ArtworkRoleListener,
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_SENDSPIN_CONTROLLER
                           public sendspin::ControllerRoleListener,
 #endif
@@ -121,6 +127,27 @@ class SendspinHub final : public Component,
 
   // --- Sendspin role specific methods ---
 
+#ifdef USE_SENDSPIN_ARTWORK
+  void set_artwork_config(const sendspin::ArtworkRoleConfig &config) { this->artwork_config_ = config; }
+
+  /// @brief Acknowledges the most recent artwork delivery (display or clear) for a slot.
+  ///
+  /// Every slot is configured with the library's require_frame_done gate, which withholds the
+  /// next delivery for the slot until this is called. Exactly one ack is owed per delivery; a
+  /// redundant call is a safe no-op in the library. Must be called from the main loop thread.
+  void artwork_frame_done(uint8_t slot);
+
+  template<typename F> void add_image_decode_callback(F &&callback) {
+    this->artwork_image_decode_callbacks_.add(std::forward<F>(callback));
+  }
+  template<typename F> void add_image_display_callback(F &&callback) {
+    this->artwork_image_display_callbacks_.add(std::forward<F>(callback));
+  }
+  template<typename F> void add_image_clear_callback(F &&callback) {
+    this->artwork_image_clear_callbacks_.add(std::forward<F>(callback));
+  }
+#endif
+
 #ifdef USE_SENDSPIN_CONTROLLER
   void send_client_command(sendspin::SendspinControllerCommand command, std::optional<uint8_t> volume = std::nullopt,
                            std::optional<bool> mute = std::nullopt);
@@ -128,9 +155,18 @@ class SendspinHub final : public Component,
   template<typename F> void add_controller_state_callback(F &&callback) {
     this->controller_state_callbacks_.add(std::forward<F>(callback));
   }
+
+  /// @brief Registers a callback that fires when the connection is lost and the cached controller state is dropped.
+  template<typename F> void add_controller_state_clear_callback(F &&callback) {
+    this->controller_state_clear_callbacks_.add(std::forward<F>(callback));
+  }
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_SENDSPIN_METADATA
+  /// @brief Registers a callback that fires when the server sends metadata.
+  ///
+  /// Also fires when the connection is lost, with an all-empty state object (every field nullopt, timestamp 0) meaning
+  /// the cached metadata was dropped. Subscribers must treat an absent field as cleared, not as no update.
   template<typename F> void add_metadata_update_callback(F &&callback) {
     this->metadata_update_callbacks_.add(std::forward<F>(callback));
   }
@@ -171,13 +207,34 @@ class SendspinHub final : public Component,
 
   // --- Sendspin role specific methods/overrides/member variables ---
 
+#ifdef USE_SENDSPIN_ARTWORK
+  void on_image_decode(uint8_t slot, const uint8_t *data, size_t length, sendspin::SendspinImageFormat format) override;
+
+  void on_image_display(uint8_t slot, uint32_t lateness_ms) override;
+
+  void on_image_clear(uint8_t slot) override;
+
+  sendspin::ArtworkRoleConfig artwork_config_{};
+  sendspin::ArtworkRole *artwork_role_{nullptr};
+
+  // Callback fan-out to child components; they filter by slot as needed.
+  CallbackManager<void(uint8_t, const uint8_t *, size_t, sendspin::SendspinImageFormat)>
+      artwork_image_decode_callbacks_{};
+  CallbackManager<void(uint8_t, uint32_t)> artwork_image_display_callbacks_{};
+  CallbackManager<void(uint8_t)> artwork_image_clear_callbacks_{};
+#endif
+
 #ifdef USE_SENDSPIN_CONTROLLER
   sendspin::ControllerRole *controller_role_{nullptr};
 
   void on_controller_state(const sendspin::ServerStateControllerObject &state) override;
 
-  // Callback fan-out to child components; they filter as needed
-  CallbackManager<void(const sendspin::ServerStateControllerObject &)> controller_state_callbacks_{};
+  void on_controller_state_clear() override;
+
+  // Callback fan-out to child components; they filter as needed. Only a media_player subscribes, while the switch
+  // action and the media source enable the controller role without one, so keep the idle cost to a single pointer.
+  LazyCallbackManager<void(const sendspin::ServerStateControllerObject &)> controller_state_callbacks_{};
+  LazyCallbackManager<void()> controller_state_clear_callbacks_{};
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_SENDSPIN_METADATA
@@ -185,6 +242,8 @@ class SendspinHub final : public Component,
 
   void on_metadata(const sendspin::ServerMetadataStateObject &metadata) override;
 
+  void on_metadata_clear() override;
+
   // Callback fan-out to child components; they filter as needed
   CallbackManager<void(const sendspin::ServerMetadataStateObject &)> metadata_update_callbacks_{};
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/sendspin/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sendspin/sensor/__init__.py
index dc9b86c2a3..d6016ed91d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sendspin/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sendspin/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
@@ -50,7 +52,7 @@ def _request_roles(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
 _HUB_ID_SCHEMA = cv.Schema({cv.GenerateID(CONF_SENDSPIN_ID): cv.use_id(SendspinHub)})
 
 
-def _metadata_schema(**sensor_kwargs):
+def _metadata_schema(**sensor_kwargs: Any) -> cv.Schema:
     """Schema for event-driven numeric metadata sensors (duration/year/track)."""
     return (
         sensor.sensor_schema(
diff --git a/esphome/components/sendspin/sensor/sendspin_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/sendspin/sensor/sendspin_sensor.cpp
index 68848a6f3e..dcbab75b65 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sendspin/sensor/sendspin_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sendspin/sensor/sendspin_sensor.cpp
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 
 #include <sendspin/metadata_role.h>
 
+#include <cmath>
+
 namespace esphome::sendspin_ {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "sendspin.sensor";
@@ -20,6 +22,13 @@ void SendspinTrackProgressSensor::dump_config() {
 void SendspinTrackProgressSensor::setup() {
   this->parent_->add_metadata_update_callback([this](const sendspin::ServerMetadataStateObject &metadata) {
     if (!metadata.progress.has_value()) {
+      // Progress is unknown: the server has not reported it, or it was cleared (e.g. on disconnect). Stop polling and
+      // report unknown rather than leaving the last position frozen on the frontend. Only the transition is published;
+      // NAN never compares equal to itself, so an unguarded publish would repeat on every metadata update.
+      this->stop_poller();
+      if (!std::isnan(this->get_raw_state())) {
+        this->publish_state(NAN);
+      }
       return;
     }
     const auto &progress = metadata.progress.value();
@@ -34,6 +43,11 @@ void SendspinTrackProgressSensor::setup() {
       this->start_poller();
     }
   });
+
+  // PollingComponent starts the poller before setup(), but there is nothing to interpolate yet:
+  // get_track_progress_ms() returns 0 until the server reports a position, so polling now would publish 0 every tick
+  // from boot until the first metadata arrives. The callback above starts it once playback is running.
+  this->stop_poller();
 }
 
 // THREAD CONTEXT: Main loop.
@@ -80,15 +94,19 @@ std::optional<float> SendspinMetadataSensor::extract_value_(const sendspin::Serv
 // (SendspinHub dispatches metadata from client_->loop()).
 void SendspinMetadataSensor::setup() {
   this->parent_->add_metadata_update_callback([this](const sendspin::ServerMetadataStateObject &metadata) {
-    if (auto value = this->extract_value_(metadata)) {
-      this->publish_if_changed_(*value);
-    }
+    // A field the server has not provided, or has explicitly cleared, is published as NAN (the sensor convention for
+    // unknown) rather than skipped, so a value that goes away does not linger from the previous track.
+    this->publish_if_changed_(this->extract_value_(metadata).value_or(NAN));
   });
 }
 
 // Dedup to avoid frontend churn; Sensor::publish_state always notifies without checking for changes.
 void SendspinMetadataSensor::publish_if_changed_(float value) {
-  if (this->get_raw_state() != value) {
+  const float current = this->get_raw_state();
+  // The raw state starts as NAN, so a field that is already cleared when the first update arrives is suppressed here
+  // as well: the frontend still shows the sensor as unknown, which is what a clear means. NAN never compares equal to
+  // itself, so a field that stays cleared would republish on every metadata update without the second check.
+  if (current != value && !(std::isnan(current) && std::isnan(value))) {
     this->publish_state(value);
   }
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/sendspin/text_sensor/sendspin_text_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/sendspin/text_sensor/sendspin_text_sensor.cpp
index 9843fb966e..554e01cf88 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sendspin/text_sensor/sendspin_text_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sendspin/text_sensor/sendspin_text_sensor.cpp
@@ -12,40 +12,40 @@ static const char *const TAG = "sendspin.text_sensor";
 
 void SendspinTextSensor::dump_config() { LOG_TEXT_SENSOR("", "Sendspin", this); }
 
+// A field is nullopt when the server has not provided it or has explicitly cleared it. Both mean there is nothing to
+// show, so return the empty string and let the caller publish it; returning early would leave the previous track's
+// value on display.
+//
+// The empty string is not the same as unknown. A text sensor reports unknown through the API's missing_state flag,
+// which follows has_state(), and has_state() is only ever set, never cleared. Once a real value has been published,
+// an empty state is the closest we can get. The numeric sensors publish NAN, which does read as unknown.
 const char *SendspinTextSensor::extract_value_(const sendspin::ServerMetadataStateObject &metadata) const {
   switch (this->metadata_type_) {
     case SendspinTextMetadataTypes::TITLE:
-      if (metadata.title.has_value())
-        return metadata.title.value().c_str();
-      return nullptr;
+      return metadata.title.has_value() ? metadata.title.value().c_str() : "";
     case SendspinTextMetadataTypes::ARTIST:
-      if (metadata.artist.has_value())
-        return metadata.artist.value().c_str();
-      return nullptr;
+      return metadata.artist.has_value() ? metadata.artist.value().c_str() : "";
     case SendspinTextMetadataTypes::ALBUM:
-      if (metadata.album.has_value())
-        return metadata.album.value().c_str();
-      return nullptr;
+      return metadata.album.has_value() ? metadata.album.value().c_str() : "";
     case SendspinTextMetadataTypes::ALBUM_ARTIST:
-      if (metadata.album_artist.has_value())
-        return metadata.album_artist.value().c_str();
-      return nullptr;
+      return metadata.album_artist.has_value() ? metadata.album_artist.value().c_str() : "";
   }
-  return nullptr;
+  return "";
 }
 
 // THREAD CONTEXT: Main loop. The registered metadata callback also fires on the main loop
 // (SendspinHub dispatches metadata from client_->loop()).
 void SendspinTextSensor::setup() {
   this->parent_->add_metadata_update_callback([this](const sendspin::ServerMetadataStateObject &metadata) {
-    if (const char *value = this->extract_value_(metadata)) {
-      this->publish_if_changed_(value);
-    }
+    this->publish_if_changed_(this->extract_value_(metadata));
   });
 }
 
 // Dedup to avoid frontend churn; TextSensor::publish_state already dedups the string assign but still notifies.
 void SendspinTextSensor::publish_if_changed_(const char *value) {
+  // The state starts empty, so a field that is already cleared when the first update arrives is suppressed here: the
+  // entity stays unknown rather than being dropped out of it for good by an empty publish. Later clears do publish the
+  // empty string and fire on_value with it.
   if (this->get_raw_state() != value) {
     this->publish_state(value);
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/senseair/senseair.cpp b/esphome/components/senseair/senseair.cpp
index 0e8e4cef97..f5017cff75 100644
--- a/esphome/components/senseair/senseair.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/senseair/senseair.cpp
@@ -89,8 +89,9 @@ void SenseAirComponent::background_calibration_result() {
   }
 
   // Check if 5th bit (register CI6) is set
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "SenseAir Result=%s (%02x%02x%02x %02x%02x %02x%02x)", (response[4] & 0b100000) != 0 ? "OK" : "NOT_OK",
-           response[0], response[1], response[2], response[3], response[4], response[5], response[6]);
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "SenseAir Result=%s (%02x%02x%02x %02x%02x %02x%02x)",
+           (response[4] & 0b100000) != 0 ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("OK") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("NOT_OK"), response[0], response[1],
+           response[2], response[3], response[4], response[5], response[6]);
 }
 
 void SenseAirComponent::abc_enable() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/senseair/sensor.py b/esphome/components/senseair/sensor.py
index 277648137a..82368a60d0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/senseair/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/senseair/sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
 
@@ -62,7 +65,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
@@ -109,6 +112,11 @@ CALIBRATION_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
     CALIBRATION_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def senseair_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def senseair_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sensor/__init__.py
index 6ad76046a1..79d4ce5e0c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import mqtt, web_server, zigbee
 from esphome.components.const import CONF_B_CONSTANT
+from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_defines
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ABOVE,
@@ -1303,3 +1304,8 @@ def _lstsq(a, b):
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.CORE)
 async def to_code(config):
     cg.add_global(sensor_ns.using)
+
+
+FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_defines(
+    {"filter.cpp": "USE_SENSOR_FILTER"}
+)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sensor/automation.cpp b/esphome/components/sensor/automation.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 977719db9b..0000000000
--- a/esphome/components/sensor/automation.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-#include "automation.h"
-#include "esphome/core/log.h"
-
-namespace esphome::sensor {
-
-static const char *const TAG = "sensor.automation";
-
-}  // namespace esphome::sensor
diff --git a/esphome/components/sensor/filter.cpp b/esphome/components/sensor/filter.cpp
index 5f7f19769a..dbd6f4d34b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sensor/filter.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sensor/filter.cpp
@@ -164,8 +164,6 @@ optional<float> ExponentialMovingAverageFilter::new_value(float value) {
   }
   return {};
 }
-void ExponentialMovingAverageFilter::set_send_every(uint16_t send_every) { this->send_every_ = send_every; }
-void ExponentialMovingAverageFilter::set_alpha(float alpha) { this->alpha_ = alpha; }
 
 // ThrottleAverageFilter
 ThrottleAverageFilter::ThrottleAverageFilter(uint32_t time_period) : time_period_(time_period) {}
@@ -283,8 +281,11 @@ DeltaFilter::DeltaFilter(float min_a0, float min_a1, float max_a0, float max_a1)
 void DeltaFilter::set_baseline(float (*fn)(float)) { this->baseline_ = fn; }
 
 optional<float> DeltaFilter::new_value(float value) {
-  // Always yield the first value.
-  if (std::isnan(this->last_value_)) {
+  const bool no_value = std::isnan(value);
+  const bool no_reference = std::isnan(this->last_value_);
+  if (no_value && no_reference)
+    return {};
+  if (no_value || no_reference) {
     this->last_value_ = value;
     return value;
   }
@@ -293,8 +294,7 @@ optional<float> DeltaFilter::new_value(float value) {
   float min = fabsf(this->min_a0_ + ref * this->min_a1_);
   float max = fabsf(this->max_a0_ + ref * this->max_a1_);
   float delta = fabsf(value - ref);
-  // if there is no reference, e.g. for the first value, just accept this one,
-  // otherwise accept only if within range.
+  // accept only if within range
   if (delta > min && delta <= max) {
     this->last_value_ = value;
     return value;
diff --git a/esphome/components/sensor/filter.h b/esphome/components/sensor/filter.h
index b79bfa17d6..bc086e3805 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sensor/filter.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sensor/filter.h
@@ -239,8 +239,8 @@ class ExponentialMovingAverageFilter : public Filter {
 
   optional<float> new_value(float value) override;
 
-  void set_send_every(uint16_t send_every);
-  void set_alpha(float alpha);
+  void set_send_every(uint16_t send_every) { this->send_every_ = send_every; }
+  void set_alpha(float alpha) { this->alpha_ = alpha; }
 
  protected:
   float accumulator_{NAN};
diff --git a/esphome/components/serial_proxy/__init__.py b/esphome/components/serial_proxy/__init__.py
index e2f26c2435..e17518b148 100644
--- a/esphome/components/serial_proxy/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/serial_proxy/__init__.py
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_MODE, CONF_NAME
 from esphome.core import CORE, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.coroutine import CoroPriority
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["api", "uart"]
@@ -85,14 +86,14 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.FINAL)
-async def _add_serial_proxy_count_define():
+async def _add_serial_proxy_count_define() -> None:
     """Emit the SERIAL_PROXY_COUNT define once with the final instance count."""
     count = _get_data().count
     if count > 0:
         cg.add_define("SERIAL_PROXY_COUNT", count)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.cpp b/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.cpp
index 6b0c97ee95..b6c2271be4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.cpp
@@ -144,28 +144,29 @@ void SerialProxy::tap_pump() {
 #endif
 
 void SerialProxy::dump_config() {
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
-                "Serial Proxy [%" PRIu32 "]:\n"
-                "  Name: %s\n"
-                "  Port Type: %s\n"
-                "  Mode: %s\n"
-                "  RTS Pin: %s\n"
-                "  DTR Pin: %s",
-                this->instance_index_, this->name_ != nullptr ? this->name_ : "",
-                this->port_type_ == api::enums::SERIAL_PROXY_PORT_TYPE_RS485   ? "RS485"
-                : this->port_type_ == api::enums::SERIAL_PROXY_PORT_TYPE_RS232 ? "RS232"
-                                                                               : "TTL",
-                this->mode_ == api::enums::SERIAL_PROXY_MODE_EZSP_ASH ? "EZSP_ASH" : "RAW",
-                this->rts_pin_ != nullptr ? "configured" : "not configured",
-                this->dtr_pin_ != nullptr ? "configured" : "not configured");
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(
+      TAG,
+      "Serial Proxy [%" PRIu32 "]:\n"
+      "  Name: %s\n"
+      "  Port Type: %s\n"
+      "  Mode: %s\n"
+      "  RTS Pin: %s\n"
+      "  DTR Pin: %s",
+      this->instance_index_, this->name_ != nullptr ? this->name_ : "",
+      this->port_type_ == api::enums::SERIAL_PROXY_PORT_TYPE_RS485   ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("RS485")
+      : this->port_type_ == api::enums::SERIAL_PROXY_PORT_TYPE_RS232 ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("RS232")
+                                                                     : LOG_STR_LITERAL("TTL"),
+      this->mode_ == api::enums::SERIAL_PROXY_MODE_EZSP_ASH ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("EZSP_ASH") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("RAW"),
+      this->rts_pin_ != nullptr ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("configured") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("not configured"),
+      this->dtr_pin_ != nullptr ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("configured") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("not configured"));
 }
 
-void SerialProxy::configure(api::APIConnection *api_connection, uint32_t baudrate, bool flow_control, uint8_t parity,
-                            uint8_t stop_bits, uint8_t data_size) {
+SerialProxyResult SerialProxy::configure(api::APIConnection *api_connection, uint32_t baudrate, bool flow_control,
+                                         uint8_t parity, uint8_t stop_bits, uint8_t data_size) {
 #ifdef USE_API
   if (this->port_claimed_by_other_(api_connection)) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Ignoring configure request from client without port access [%" PRIu32 "]", this->instance_index_);
-    return;
+    return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_PORT_IN_USE;
   }
 #endif
   ESP_LOGD(TAG,
@@ -176,25 +177,29 @@ void SerialProxy::configure(api::APIConnection *api_connection, uint32_t baudrat
   auto *uart_comp = this->parent_;
   if (uart_comp == nullptr) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "UART component not available");
-    return;
+    return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_ERROR;
   }
 
   // Validate all parameters before applying any (values come from a remote client)
   if (baudrate == 0) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid baud rate: 0");
-    return;
+    return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
   }
   if (stop_bits < 1 || stop_bits > 2) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid stop bits: %u (must be 1 or 2)", stop_bits);
-    return;
+    return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
   }
   if (data_size < 5 || data_size > 8) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid data bits: %u (must be 5-8)", data_size);
-    return;
+    return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
   }
   if (parity > 2) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid parity: %u (must be 0-2)", parity);
-    return;
+    return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+  if (flow_control) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Hardware flow control requested but is not yet supported");
+    return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_NOT_SUPPORTED;
   }
 
   // Skip a no-op reconfigure. Clients routinely re-send identical settings on every
@@ -209,7 +214,7 @@ void SerialProxy::configure(api::APIConnection *api_connection, uint32_t baudrat
   if (uart_comp->get_baud_rate() == baudrate && uart_comp->get_stop_bits() == stop_bits &&
       uart_comp->get_data_bits() == data_size && uart_comp->get_parity() == PARITY_MAP[parity]) {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Settings unchanged, skipping reconfigure [%" PRIu32 "]", this->instance_index_);
-    return;
+    return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_OK;
   }
 
   // Apply validated parameters
@@ -223,10 +228,7 @@ void SerialProxy::configure(api::APIConnection *api_connection, uint32_t baudrat
 #if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_ESP32)
   uart_comp->load_settings(true);
 #endif
-
-  if (flow_control) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Hardware flow control requested but is not yet supported");
-  }
+  return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_OK;
 }
 
 void SerialProxy::set_mode(api::APIConnection *api_connection, api::enums::SerialProxyMode mode) {
@@ -273,13 +275,20 @@ void SerialProxy::write_from_client(api::APIConnection *api_connection, const ui
 #endif
 }
 
-void SerialProxy::set_modem_pins(api::APIConnection *api_connection, uint32_t line_states) {
+SerialProxyResult SerialProxy::set_modem_pins(api::APIConnection *api_connection, uint32_t line_states) {
 #ifdef USE_API
   if (this->port_claimed_by_other_(api_connection)) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Ignoring modem pin request from client without port access [%" PRIu32 "]", this->instance_index_);
-    return;
+    return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_PORT_IN_USE;
   }
 #endif
+  // Asserting a pin that is not configured must fail so the client learns the signal never
+  // reached the wire; deasserting an absent pin is harmless and stays allowed. Clients can
+  // avoid this by masking against SerialProxyInfo.configured_line_states.
+  if ((line_states & ~this->get_configured_modem_pins()) != 0) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Requested modem pin not configured on serial proxy [%" PRIu32 "]", this->instance_index_);
+    return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+  }
   const bool rts = (line_states & SERIAL_PROXY_LINE_STATE_FLAG_RTS) != 0;
   const bool dtr = (line_states & SERIAL_PROXY_LINE_STATE_FLAG_DTR) != 0;
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Setting modem pins [%" PRIu32 "]: RTS=%s, DTR=%s", this->instance_index_, ONOFF(rts), ONOFF(dtr));
@@ -292,6 +301,7 @@ void SerialProxy::set_modem_pins(api::APIConnection *api_connection, uint32_t li
     this->dtr_state_ = dtr;
     this->dtr_pin_->digital_write(dtr);
   }
+  return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_OK;
 }
 
 uint32_t SerialProxy::get_modem_pins() const {
@@ -299,9 +309,26 @@ uint32_t SerialProxy::get_modem_pins() const {
          (this->dtr_state_ ? static_cast<uint32_t>(SERIAL_PROXY_LINE_STATE_FLAG_DTR) : 0u);
 }
 
-uart::UARTFlushResult SerialProxy::flush_port() {
+SerialProxyResult SerialProxy::flush_port(api::APIConnection *api_connection) {
+#ifdef USE_API
+  // Flushing stalls the port, so it gets the same ownership check as writes
+  if (this->port_claimed_by_other_(api_connection)) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Ignoring flush from client without port access [%" PRIu32 "]", this->instance_index_);
+    return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_PORT_IN_USE;
+  }
+#endif
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Flushing serial proxy [%" PRIu32 "]", this->instance_index_);
-  return this->flush();
+  switch (this->flush()) {
+    case uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_SUCCESS:
+      return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_OK;
+    case uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_ASSUMED_SUCCESS:
+      return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_ASSUMED_SUCCESS;
+    case uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_TIMEOUT:
+      return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_TIMEOUT;
+    case uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_FAILED:
+      return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_ERROR;
+  }
+  return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_ERROR;  // Unreachable; all enum values handled above
 }
 
 #ifdef USE_API
@@ -310,12 +337,13 @@ bool SerialProxy::port_claimed_by_other_(api::APIConnection *api_connection) con
          this->api_connection_->is_connection_setup();
 }
 
-void SerialProxy::serial_proxy_request(api::APIConnection *api_connection, api::enums::SerialProxyRequestType type) {
+SerialProxyResult SerialProxy::serial_proxy_request(api::APIConnection *api_connection,
+                                                    api::enums::SerialProxyRequestType type) {
   switch (type) {
     case api::enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_SUBSCRIBE:
       if (this->api_connection_ == api_connection) {
         ESP_LOGV(TAG, "API connection is already subscribed to serial proxy [%" PRIu32 "]", this->instance_index_);
-        return;
+        return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_OK;
       }
       if (this->api_connection_ != nullptr) {
         // A living subscriber keeps exclusive access. Its connection may be dead without
@@ -323,27 +351,28 @@ void SerialProxy::serial_proxy_request(api::APIConnection *api_connection, api::
         // in that case let the new client take over instead of locking it out.
         if (this->api_connection_->is_connection_setup()) {
           ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Only one API subscription is allowed at a time");
-          return;
+          return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_PORT_IN_USE;
         }
         ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Previous subscriber disconnected; taking over subscription");
       }
       this->api_connection_ = api_connection;
       this->enable_loop();
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "API connection subscribed to serial proxy [%" PRIu32 "]", this->instance_index_);
-      break;
+      return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_OK;
     case api::enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_UNSUBSCRIBE:
+      // Unsubscribe is idempotent: not being subscribed is not an error
       if (this->api_connection_ != api_connection) {
         ESP_LOGV(TAG, "API connection is not subscribed to serial proxy [%" PRIu32 "]", this->instance_index_);
-        return;
+        return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_OK;
       }
       this->api_connection_ = nullptr;
       this->reset_mode_();
       this->disable_loop();
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "API connection unsubscribed from serial proxy [%" PRIu32 "]", this->instance_index_);
-      break;
+      return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_OK;
     default:
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unknown serial proxy request type: %" PRIu32, static_cast<uint32_t>(type));
-      break;
+      return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_NOT_SUPPORTED;
   }
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.h b/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.h
index 87dc0ff44f..19a3a4f063 100644
--- a/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.h
+++ b/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.h
@@ -39,6 +39,17 @@ enum SerialProxyLineStateFlag : uint32_t {
   SERIAL_PROXY_LINE_STATE_FLAG_DTR = 1 << 1,  ///< DTR (Data Terminal Ready)
 };
 
+/// Result of a client-initiated operation; mapped to api::enums::SerialProxyStatus by the API layer
+enum class SerialProxyResult : uint8_t {
+  SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_OK,                ///< Operation completed or request accepted
+  SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_ASSUMED_SUCCESS,   ///< Platform cannot confirm TX drain; success assumed
+  SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_PORT_IN_USE,       ///< Denied: another live client holds the port
+  SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_INVALID_ARGUMENT,  ///< A parameter value is out of range
+  SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_ERROR,             ///< Driver or hardware error
+  SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_TIMEOUT,           ///< Timed out before TX completed
+  SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_NOT_SUPPORTED,     ///< Requested feature is not available on this instance
+};
+
 /// Maximum bytes to read from UART in a single loop iteration
 inline constexpr size_t SERIAL_PROXY_MAX_READ_SIZE = 256;
 
@@ -112,14 +123,14 @@ class SerialProxy final : public uart::UARTDevice, public Component {
   /// @param parity Parity setting (0=none, 1=even, 2=odd)
   /// @param stop_bits Number of stop bits (1 or 2)
   /// @param data_size Number of data bits (5-8)
-  void configure(api::APIConnection *api_connection, uint32_t baudrate, bool flow_control, uint8_t parity,
-                 uint8_t stop_bits, uint8_t data_size);
+  SerialProxyResult configure(api::APIConnection *api_connection, uint32_t baudrate, bool flow_control, uint8_t parity,
+                              uint8_t stop_bits, uint8_t data_size);
 
   /// Get the currently subscribed API connection (nullptr if none)
   api::APIConnection *get_api_connection() { return this->api_connection_; }
 
   /// Handle a subscribe/unsubscribe request from an API client
-  void serial_proxy_request(api::APIConnection *api_connection, api::enums::SerialProxyRequestType type);
+  SerialProxyResult serial_proxy_request(api::APIConnection *api_connection, api::enums::SerialProxyRequestType type);
 
   /// Write data received from an API client to the serial device
   /// @param api_connection The API connection sending the data
@@ -128,13 +139,20 @@ class SerialProxy final : public uart::UARTDevice, public Component {
   void write_from_client(api::APIConnection *api_connection, const uint8_t *data, size_t len);
 
   /// Set modem pin states from a bitmask of SerialProxyLineStateFlag values
-  void set_modem_pins(api::APIConnection *api_connection, uint32_t line_states);
+  SerialProxyResult set_modem_pins(api::APIConnection *api_connection, uint32_t line_states);
 
   /// Get current modem pin states as a bitmask of SerialProxyLineStateFlag values
   uint32_t get_modem_pins() const;
 
+  /// Get the modem pins this instance can drive as a bitmask of SerialProxyLineStateFlag values
+  uint32_t get_configured_modem_pins() const {
+    return (this->rts_pin_ != nullptr ? static_cast<uint32_t>(SERIAL_PROXY_LINE_STATE_FLAG_RTS) : 0u) |
+           (this->dtr_pin_ != nullptr ? static_cast<uint32_t>(SERIAL_PROXY_LINE_STATE_FLAG_DTR) : 0u);
+  }
+
   /// Flush the serial port (block until all TX data is sent)
-  uart::UARTFlushResult flush_port();
+  /// @param api_connection The API connection requesting the flush
+  SerialProxyResult flush_port(api::APIConnection *api_connection);
 
   /// Set the RTS GPIO pin (from YAML configuration)
   void set_rts_pin(GPIOPin *pin) { this->rts_pin_ = pin; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/servo/__init__.py b/esphome/components/servo/__init__.py
index c2eaefe455..666c7dbcdd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/servo/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/servo/__init__.py
@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_RESTORE,
     CONF_TRANSITION_LENGTH,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 servo_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("servo")
 Servo = servo_ns.class_("Servo", cg.Component)
@@ -39,7 +42,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
@@ -64,7 +67,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def servo_write_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def servo_write_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_LEVEL], args, cg.float_)
@@ -82,6 +90,11 @@ async def servo_write_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def servo_detach_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def servo_detach_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sfa30/sensor.py b/esphome/components/sfa30/sensor.py
index 8e8a57e341..b8039af9e3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sfa30/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sfa30/sensor.py
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_BILLION,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@ghsensdev"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ SENSOR_MAP = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sfa40/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sfa40/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..79568d458a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/sfa40/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+CODEOWNERS = ["@NoQuarrel"]
diff --git a/esphome/components/sfa40/sensor.py b/esphome/components/sfa40/sensor.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..701660eb8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/sfa40/sensor.py
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import i2c, sensirion_common, sensor
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_FORMALDEHYDE,
+    CONF_HUMIDITY,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_TEMPERATURE,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_GAS,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_HUMIDITY,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_TEMPERATURE,
+    ICON_FLASK_OUTLINE,
+    ICON_THERMOMETER,
+    ICON_WATER_PERCENT,
+    STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+    UNIT_CELSIUS,
+    UNIT_PARTS_PER_BILLION,
+    UNIT_PERCENT,
+)
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["sensirion_common"]
+
+CONF_WAIT_FOR_READY = "wait_for_ready"
+
+sfa40_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("sfa40")
+SFA40Component = sfa40_ns.class_(
+    "SFA40Component", cg.PollingComponent, sensirion_common.SensirionI2CDevice
+)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(SFA40Component),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_WAIT_FOR_READY, default=True): cv.boolean,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_FORMALDEHYDE): sensor.sensor_schema(
+                unit_of_measurement=UNIT_PARTS_PER_BILLION,
+                icon=ICON_FLASK_OUTLINE,
+                accuracy_decimals=1,
+                device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_GAS,
+                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TEMPERATURE): sensor.sensor_schema(
+                unit_of_measurement=UNIT_CELSIUS,
+                icon=ICON_THERMOMETER,
+                accuracy_decimals=2,
+                device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_TEMPERATURE,
+                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_HUMIDITY): sensor.sensor_schema(
+                unit_of_measurement=UNIT_PERCENT,
+                icon=ICON_WATER_PERCENT,
+                accuracy_decimals=2,
+                device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_HUMIDITY,
+                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+            ),
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
+    .extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x5D))
+)
+
+SENSOR_MAP = {
+    CONF_FORMALDEHYDE: "set_formaldehyde_sensor",
+    CONF_TEMPERATURE: "set_temperature_sensor",
+    CONF_HUMIDITY: "set_humidity_sensor",
+}
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
+    cg.add(var.set_wait_for_ready(config[CONF_WAIT_FOR_READY]))
+
+    for key, func_name in SENSOR_MAP.items():
+        if sensor_config := config.get(key):
+            sens = await sensor.new_sensor(sensor_config)
+            cg.add(getattr(var, func_name)(sens))
diff --git a/esphome/components/sfa40/sfa40.cpp b/esphome/components/sfa40/sfa40.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0d6bee3f9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/sfa40/sfa40.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+#include "sfa40.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include <cinttypes>
+
+namespace esphome::sfa40 {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "sfa40";
+
+// SFA40 Datasheet: https://sensirion.com/media/documents/5B06EDD9/69F84BD8/Sensirion_Datasheet_SFA40.pdf
+
+static const uint16_t SFA40_CMD_START_MEASUREMENT = 0x00AC;
+static const uint16_t SFA40_CMD_STOP_MEASUREMENT = 0x50D2;
+static const uint16_t SFA40_CMD_READ_MEASURE_PROD = 0xC0EB;
+// B4 (engineering-sample) command codes. Commands from here: https://github.com/DFRobot/DFRobot_SFA40
+static const uint16_t SFA40_CMD_READ_MEASURE_B4 = 0xE06D;
+static const uint16_t SFA40_CMD_READ_ID_PROD = 0x02CE;
+static const uint16_t SFA40_CMD_READ_ID_B4 = 0x0559;
+static const uint8_t STATUS_NOT_READY = 0x01;
+static const uint8_t STATUS_OUT_OF_SPEC = 0x02;
+
+static uint64_t raw_to_serial(const uint16_t *raw, size_t words) {
+  uint64_t serial = 0;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < words; i++) {
+    serial = (serial << 16) | raw[i];
+  }
+  return serial;
+}
+
+static void raw_to_marking(const uint16_t *raw, size_t words, char *out, size_t out_len) {
+  if (out_len < words * 2 + 1) {
+    return;
+  }
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < words; i++) {
+    out[i * 2] = static_cast<char>(raw[i] >> 8);
+    out[i * 2 + 1] = static_cast<char>(raw[i] & 0xFF);
+  }
+  out[words * 2] = '\0';
+}
+
+void SFA40Component::setup() {
+  this->write_command(SFA40_CMD_STOP_MEASUREMENT);
+  this->set_timeout(25, [this]() {
+    if (!this->detect_protocol_()) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to detect SFA40 protocol");
+      this->error_code_ = PROTOCOL_DETECTION_FAILED;
+      this->mark_failed();
+      return;
+    }
+    if (!this->write_command(SFA40_CMD_START_MEASUREMENT)) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to start measurements");
+      this->error_code_ = MEASUREMENT_INIT_FAILED;
+      this->mark_failed();
+      return;
+    }
+    this->initialized_ = true;
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Measurement started");
+  });
+}
+
+bool SFA40Component::detect_protocol_() {
+  uint16_t raw[5] = {};
+  if (this->get_register(SFA40_CMD_READ_ID_PROD, raw, 3, 5)) {
+    this->protocol_version_ = ProtocolVersion::PRODUCTION;
+    this->serial_number_ = raw_to_serial(raw, 3);
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Detected production SFA40, serial number: %012" PRIX64, this->serial_number_);
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (this->get_register(SFA40_CMD_READ_ID_B4, raw, 5, 5)) {
+    this->protocol_version_ = ProtocolVersion::PROTOTYPE;
+    raw_to_marking(raw, 5, this->device_marking_, sizeof(this->device_marking_));
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Detected engineering-sample SFA40, marking: '%s'", this->device_marking_);
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+void SFA40Component::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "sfa40:");
+  LOG_I2C_DEVICE(this);
+  if (this->is_failed()) {
+    switch (this->error_code_) {
+      case PROTOCOL_DETECTION_FAILED:
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Protocol detection failed!");
+        break;
+      case MEASUREMENT_INIT_FAILED:
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Measurement initialization failed!");
+        break;
+      default:
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unknown setup error!");
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+  LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
+  switch (this->protocol_version_) {
+    case ProtocolVersion::PRODUCTION:
+      ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Protocol: production\n  Serial Number: %012" PRIX64, this->serial_number_);
+      break;
+    case ProtocolVersion::PROTOTYPE:
+      ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Protocol: prototype (B4)\n  Marking: '%s'", this->device_marking_);
+      break;
+    default:
+      ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Protocol: (detecting...)");
+      break;
+  }
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Wait for ready: %s", YESNO(this->wait_for_ready_));
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Formaldehyde", this->formaldehyde_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Temperature", this->temperature_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Humidity", this->humidity_sensor_);
+}
+
+void SFA40Component::update() {
+  if (!this->initialized_ || this->protocol_version_ == ProtocolVersion::UNKNOWN) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const uint16_t read_cmd = (this->protocol_version_ == ProtocolVersion::PRODUCTION) ? SFA40_CMD_READ_MEASURE_PROD
+                                                                                     : SFA40_CMD_READ_MEASURE_B4;
+
+  if (!this->write_command(read_cmd)) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Error reading measurement");
+    this->status_set_warning();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  this->set_timeout(5, [this]() {
+    uint16_t raw[4];
+    if (!this->read_data(raw, 4)) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Error reading measurement data");
+      this->status_set_warning();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const uint8_t status = raw[3] >> 8;
+    const bool sensor_not_ready = (status & STATUS_NOT_READY) != 0;
+    const bool sensor_out_of_spec = (status & STATUS_OUT_OF_SPEC) != 0;
+
+    if (this->formaldehyde_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+      if (sensor_out_of_spec) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Skipping formaldehyde publish: sensor out of spec (status=0x%02X)", status);
+      } else if (this->wait_for_ready_ && sensor_not_ready) {
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Skipping formaldehyde publish: sensor warming up");
+      } else {
+        this->formaldehyde_sensor_->publish_state(static_cast<float>(raw[0]) / 10.0f);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (this->humidity_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+      this->humidity_sensor_->publish_state(clamp(125.0f * static_cast<float>(raw[1]) / 65535.0f - 6.0f, 0.0f, 100.0f));
+    }
+
+    if (this->temperature_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+      this->temperature_sensor_->publish_state(175.0f * (static_cast<float>(raw[2]) / 65535.0f) - 45.0f);
+    }
+
+    this->status_clear_warning();
+  });
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::sfa40
diff --git a/esphome/components/sfa40/sfa40.h b/esphome/components/sfa40/sfa40.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6f67607753
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/sfa40/sfa40.h
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
+#include "esphome/components/sensirion_common/i2c_sensirion.h"
+
+namespace esphome::sfa40 {
+
+// SFA40 Datasheet: https://sensirion.com/media/documents/5B06EDD9/69F84BD8/Sensirion_Datasheet_SFA40.pdf
+
+class SFA40Component final : public PollingComponent, public sensirion_common::SensirionI2CDevice {
+ public:
+  void setup() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+  void update() override;
+
+  void set_formaldehyde_sensor(sensor::Sensor *formaldehyde) { this->formaldehyde_sensor_ = formaldehyde; }
+  void set_temperature_sensor(sensor::Sensor *temperature) { this->temperature_sensor_ = temperature; }
+  void set_humidity_sensor(sensor::Sensor *humidity) { this->humidity_sensor_ = humidity; }
+  void set_wait_for_ready(bool wait_for_ready) { this->wait_for_ready_ = wait_for_ready; }
+
+ protected:
+  enum ProtocolVersion : uint8_t {
+    UNKNOWN = 0,
+    PRODUCTION = 1,
+    PROTOTYPE = 2,
+  };
+  enum ErrorCode : uint8_t {
+    UNKNOWN_ERROR = 0,
+    PROTOCOL_DETECTION_FAILED,
+    MEASUREMENT_INIT_FAILED,
+  };
+  bool detect_protocol_();
+  ProtocolVersion protocol_version_{UNKNOWN};
+  ErrorCode error_code_{UNKNOWN_ERROR};
+  char device_marking_[11]{};
+  bool initialized_{false};
+  bool wait_for_ready_{true};
+  uint64_t serial_number_{0};
+
+  sensor::Sensor *formaldehyde_sensor_{nullptr};
+  sensor::Sensor *temperature_sensor_{nullptr};
+  sensor::Sensor *humidity_sensor_{nullptr};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::sfa40
diff --git a/esphome/components/sgp30/sensor.py b/esphome/components/sgp30/sensor.py
index 848e4e9f9f..beb549ce70 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sgp30/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sgp30/sensor.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_BILLION,
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["sensirion_common"]
@@ -81,7 +82,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sgp4x/sensor.py b/esphome/components/sgp4x/sensor.py
index 87ef050bc1..1a88d190e4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sgp4x/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sgp4x/sensor.py
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ICON_RADIATOR,
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["sensirion_common"]
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ SGP4xComponent = sgp4x_ns.class_(
 CONF_HUMIDITY_SOURCE = "humidity_source"
 
 
-def validate_sensors(config):
+def validate_sensors(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_VOC_INDEX not in config and CONF_NOX_INDEX not in config:
         raise cv.Invalid(
             f"At least one sensor is required. Define {CONF_VOC_INDEX} and/or {CONF_NOX_INDEX}"
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ def validate_sensors(config):
     return config
 
 
-def _gas_sensor_schema(index_offset_default: int):
+def _gas_sensor_schema(index_offset_default: int) -> cv.Schema:
     return cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.Optional(CONF_ALGORITHM_TUNING): cv.Schema(
@@ -96,7 +97,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sgp4x/sgp4x.cpp b/esphome/components/sgp4x/sgp4x.cpp
index bc6fe794a0..0cf5c31483 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sgp4x/sgp4x.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sgp4x/sgp4x.cpp
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ void SGP4xComponent::dump_config() {
                   "  Type: %s\n"
                   "  Serial number: %" PRIu64 "\n"
                   "  Minimum Samples: %f",
-                  this->sgp_type_ == SGP41 ? "SGP41" : "SGP40", this->serial_number_,
+                  this->sgp_type_ == SGP41 ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("SGP41") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("SGP40"), this->serial_number_,
                   GasIndexAlgorithm_INITIAL_BLACKOUT);
   }
   LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
diff --git a/esphome/components/shelly_dimmer/light.py b/esphome/components/shelly_dimmer/light.py
index f2ab5a4bc1..c166076e0f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/shelly_dimmer/light.py
+++ b/esphome/components/shelly_dimmer/light.py
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 import hashlib
 from pathlib import Path
 import re
+from typing import Any
 
-import requests
-
-from esphome import pins
+from esphome import external_files, pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import light, sensor, uart
 from esphome.components.const import CONF_SHA256
@@ -28,7 +27,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_VOLT,
     UNIT_WATT,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, HexInt
+from esphome.core import HexInt
+from esphome.external_files import RemoteFile
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DOMAIN = "shelly_dimmer"
 AUTO_LOAD = ["sensor"]
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ KNOWN_FIRMWARE = {
 }
 
 
-def parse_firmware_version(value):
+def parse_firmware_version(value: str) -> tuple[int, int]:
     match = re.fullmatch(r"(\d+)\.(\d+)", value)
     if match is None:
         raise ValueError(f"Not a valid version number {value}")
@@ -75,46 +76,86 @@ def parse_firmware_version(value):
     return major, minor
 
 
-def get_firmware(value):
+def _firmware_cache_path(name: str) -> Path:
+    return external_files.compute_local_file_dir(DOMAIN) / f"{name}_fw_stm.bin"
+
+
+def _firmware_path(url: str, sha: str | None) -> Path:
+    """Cache path for a firmware blob: sha-keyed when verifiable, else
+    URL-keyed. Shared by the validator and the prefetch hook."""
+    return _firmware_cache_path(
+        sha.lower() if sha else external_files.url_cache_key(url)
+    )
+
+
+def get_firmware(value: ConfigType) -> list[HexInt] | None:
     if not value[CONF_UPDATE]:
         return None
 
-    def dl(url):
-        try:
-            req = requests.get(url, timeout=30)
-            req.raise_for_status()
-        except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
-            raise cv.Invalid(f"Could not download firmware file ({url}): {e}") from e
-
-        h = hashlib.new("sha256")
-        h.update(req.content)
-        return req.content, h.hexdigest()
-
     url = value[CONF_URL]
 
-    if CONF_SHA256 in value:  # we have a hash, enable caching
-        path = Path(CORE.data_dir) / DOMAIN / (value[CONF_SHA256] + "_fw_stm.bin")
-
-        if not path.is_file():
-            firmware_data, dl_hash = dl(url)
-
-            if dl_hash != value[CONF_SHA256]:
-                raise cv.Invalid(
-                    f"Hash mismatch for {url}: {dl_hash} != {value[CONF_SHA256]}"
-                )
-
-            path.parent.mkdir(exist_ok=True, parents=True)
-            path.write_bytes(firmware_data)
-
-        else:
+    if expected := value.get(CONF_SHA256):
+        expected = expected.lower()
+        path = _firmware_path(url, expected)
+        if path.is_file():
             firmware_data = path.read_bytes()
-    else:  # no caching, download every time
-        firmware_data, dl_hash = dl(url)
+            if hashlib.sha256(firmware_data).hexdigest() == expected:
+                return [HexInt(x) for x in firmware_data]
+            # A corrupted or foreign cache entry must never be trusted just
+            # because the file exists; discard it and download again.
+            path.unlink()
+        firmware_data = external_files.download_content(url, path)
+        if (actual := hashlib.sha256(firmware_data).hexdigest()) != expected:
+            path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+            raise cv.Invalid(f"Hash mismatch for {url}: {actual} != {expected}")
+    else:
+        # No hash to verify the bytes, so an unrevalidated copy is an
+        # error rather than a silent fallback.
+        firmware_data = external_files.download_content(
+            url,
+            _firmware_path(url, None),
+            allow_stale=False,
+        )
 
     return [HexInt(x) for x in firmware_data]
 
 
-def validate_firmware(value):
+def _extract_firmware_ref(entry: ConfigType) -> RemoteFile | None:
+    firmware = entry.get(CONF_FIRMWARE)
+    if not isinstance(firmware, dict):
+        return None
+    try:
+        # cv.boolean, not truthiness: `update: "false"` is a valid False.
+        if not cv.boolean(firmware.get(CONF_UPDATE, False)):
+            return None
+    except cv.Invalid:
+        return None
+    url = firmware.get(CONF_URL)
+    sha = firmware.get(CONF_SHA256)
+    if url is None and (known := KNOWN_FIRMWARE.get(str(firmware.get(CONF_VERSION)))):
+        url, sha = known
+    if not isinstance(url, str):
+        return None
+    if sha is not None:
+        # Reject anything but a well-formed hash; a raw string would
+        # otherwise become a path component before validation runs.
+        try:
+            sha = validate_sha256(sha)
+        except (cv.Invalid, ValueError, TypeError):
+            return None
+    path = _firmware_path(url, sha)
+    if sha is not None and path.is_file():
+        # Content-addressed and already on disk; get_firmware verifies it
+        # by hash, so there is nothing to revalidate.
+        return None
+    # No hash means no stale copies, matching the validator's policy.
+    return RemoteFile(url, path, allow_stale=sha is not None)
+
+
+PREFETCH_FILES = external_files.single_stage_prefetch(_extract_firmware_ref)
+
+
+def validate_firmware(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     config = value.copy()
     if CONF_URL not in config:
         try:
@@ -127,14 +168,14 @@ def validate_firmware(value):
     return config
 
 
-def validate_sha256(value):
+def validate_sha256(value: Any) -> str:
     value = cv.string(value)
     if not re.fullmatch(r"[0-9a-fA-F]{64}", value):
         raise ValueError(f"Not a valid SHA256 hex string: {value}")
     return value
 
 
-def validate_version(value):
+def validate_version(value: str) -> str:
     parse_firmware_version(value)
     return value
 
@@ -191,7 +232,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     fw_hex = get_firmware(config[CONF_FIRMWARE])
     fw_major, fw_minor = parse_firmware_version(config[CONF_FIRMWARE][CONF_VERSION])
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/shelly_dimmer/stm32flash.cpp b/esphome/components/shelly_dimmer/stm32flash.cpp
index c758b0a312..beb015851e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/shelly_dimmer/stm32flash.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/shelly_dimmer/stm32flash.cpp
@@ -629,8 +629,9 @@ stm32_unique_ptr stm32_init(uart::UARTDevice *stream, const uint8_t flags, const
   stm->pid = (buf[1] << 8) | buf[2];
   if (returned > 2) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "This bootloader returns %d extra bytes in PID:", returned);
-    for (auto i = 2; i <= returned; i++)
+    for (auto i = 2; i <= returned; i++) {
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, " %02x", buf[i]);
+    }
   }
   if (stm32_get_ack(stm) != STM32_ERR_OK) {
     return make_stm32_with_deletor(nullptr);
diff --git a/esphome/components/sht3xd/sensor.py b/esphome/components/sht3xd/sensor.py
index 7ad34972d4..eadca15050 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sht3xd/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sht3xd/sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_HEATER_ENABLED = "heater_enabled"
 
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sht4x/sensor.py b/esphome/components/sht4x/sensor.py
index 871956f783..7fb52e37d4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sht4x/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sht4x/sensor.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@sjtrny"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ TYPES = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/shtcx/sensor.py b/esphome/components/shtcx/sensor.py
index fdb1344fb7..bda48c07ce 100644
--- a/esphome/components/shtcx/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/shtcx/sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["sensirion_common"]
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/shutdown/button/__init__.py b/esphome/components/shutdown/button/__init__.py
index 3423b40089..44fd819d25 100644
--- a/esphome/components/shutdown/button/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/shutdown/button/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import button
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG, ICON_POWER
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 shutdown_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("shutdown")
 ShutdownButton = shutdown_ns.class_("ShutdownButton", button.Button, cg.Component)
@@ -11,7 +12,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = button.button_schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await button.register_button(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/shutdown/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/shutdown/switch/__init__.py
index 12cc477647..78026140cb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/shutdown/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/shutdown/switch/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import switch
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG, ICON_POWER
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 shutdown_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("shutdown")
 ShutdownSwitch = shutdown_ns.class_("ShutdownSwitch", switch.Switch, cg.Component)
@@ -14,6 +15,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = switch.switch_schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await switch.new_switch(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sigma_delta_output/output.py b/esphome/components/sigma_delta_output/output.py
index ca5b7a53e0..aca5f26457 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sigma_delta_output/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sigma_delta_output/output.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_PIN, CONF_TURN_OFF_ACTION, CONF_TURN_ON_ACTION
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = []
 
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await output.register_output(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/slow_pwm/output.py b/esphome/components/slow_pwm/output.py
index 73807ba377..f3f82d7ce5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/slow_pwm/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/slow_pwm/output.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TURN_OFF_ACTION,
     CONF_TURN_ON_ACTION,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 slow_pwm_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("slow_pwm")
 SlowPWMOutput = slow_pwm_ns.class_("SlowPWMOutput", output.FloatOutput, cg.Component)
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await output.register_output(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sm10bit_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sm10bit_base/__init__.py
index 81e7c04c0e..2b555a59df 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sm10bit_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sm10bit_base/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CLOCK_PIN, CONF_DATA_PIN, CONF_ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@Cossid"]
 MULTI_CONF = True
@@ -26,7 +28,7 @@ SM10BIT_BASE_CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def register_sm10bit_base(config):
+async def register_sm10bit_base(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sm16716/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sm16716/__init__.py
index e97bc440f4..3fb9ac3f06 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sm16716/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sm16716/__init__.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_NUM_CHANNELS,
     CONF_NUM_CHIPS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["output"]
 sm16716_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("sm16716")
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sm16716/output.py b/esphome/components/sm16716/output.py
index 2cfc38f5cc..08cec24fd6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sm16716/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sm16716/output.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import SM16716
 
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await output.register_output(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sm2135/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sm2135/__init__.py
index 28c92a42a7..537db5bbe4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sm2135/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sm2135/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CLOCK_PIN, CONF_DATA_PIN, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["output"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@BoukeHaarsma23", "@matika77", "@dd32"]
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sm2135/output.py b/esphome/components/sm2135/output.py
index a4ac7fc7da..80b4cb1a4f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sm2135/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sm2135/output.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import SM2135
 
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await output.register_output(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sm2235/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sm2235/__init__.py
index 1b18a1d342..95037fd275 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sm2235/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sm2235/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import sm10bit_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["sm10bit_base", "output"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@Cossid"]
@@ -17,6 +18,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(sm10bit_base.SM10BIT_BASE_CONFIG_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sm10bit_base.register_sm10bit_base(config)
     cg.add(var.set_model(0xC0))
diff --git a/esphome/components/sm2235/output.py b/esphome/components/sm2235/output.py
index b17af2b1e0..29940a651e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sm2235/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sm2235/output.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import SM2235
 
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await output.register_output(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sm2335/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sm2335/__init__.py
index 02a6d1f697..145c5a0117 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sm2335/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sm2335/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import sm10bit_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["sm10bit_base", "output"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@Cossid"]
@@ -17,6 +18,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(sm10bit_base.SM10BIT_BASE_CONFIG_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sm10bit_base.register_sm10bit_base(config)
     cg.add(var.set_model(0xC0))
diff --git a/esphome/components/sm2335/output.py b/esphome/components/sm2335/output.py
index 7fd00917bd..30f653b087 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sm2335/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sm2335/output.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import SM2335
 
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await output.register_output(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sm300d2/sensor.py b/esphome/components/sm300d2/sensor.py
index 29e0cfe9b1..e0f2b7b280 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sm300d2/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sm300d2/sensor.py
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
 
@@ -93,7 +94,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sml/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sml/__init__.py
index d25e883fa1..07ca5bf444 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sml/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sml/__init__.py
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 import re
+from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_ON_DATA
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@alengwenus"]
 
@@ -46,14 +48,14 @@ _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
     await automation.build_callback_automations(var, config, _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS)
 
 
-def obis_code(value):
+def obis_code(value: Any) -> str:
     value = cv.string(value)
     match = re.match(r"^\d{1,3}-\d{1,3}:\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}$", value)
     if match is None:
diff --git a/esphome/components/sml/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sml/sensor/__init__.py
index e6d7180f17..64ac9773c6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sml/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sml/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_OBIS_CODE, CONF_SERVER_ID, CONF_SML_ID, Sml, obis_code, sml_ns
 
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(
         config[CONF_ID], config[CONF_SERVER_ID], config[CONF_OBIS_CODE]
     )
diff --git a/esphome/components/sml/text_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sml/text_sensor/__init__.py
index 5a5ab658c4..feff4ef256 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sml/text_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sml/text_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_FORMAT
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_OBIS_CODE, CONF_SERVER_ID, CONF_SML_ID, Sml, obis_code, sml_ns
 
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(
         config,
         config[CONF_SERVER_ID],
diff --git a/esphome/components/smt100/sensor.py b/esphome/components/smt100/sensor.py
index f877ce2af0..632a1e7547 100644
--- a/esphome/components/smt100/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/smt100/sensor.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PERCENT,
     UNIT_VOLT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
 
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sn74hc165/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sn74hc165/__init__.py
index f2ba5fedd1..4f21312fec 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sn74hc165/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sn74hc165/__init__.py
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_MODE,
     CONF_NUMBER,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
 DEPENDENCIES = []
@@ -38,7 +40,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     data_pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_DATA_PIN])
@@ -54,7 +56,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     cg.add(var.set_sr_count(config[CONF_SR_COUNT]))
 
 
-def _validate_input_mode(value):
+def _validate_input_mode(value: bool) -> bool:
     if value is not True:
         raise cv.Invalid("Only input mode is supported")
     return value
@@ -77,7 +79,9 @@ SN74HC165_PIN_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def sn74hc165_pin_final_validate(pin_config, parent_config):
+def sn74hc165_pin_final_validate(
+    pin_config: ConfigType, parent_config: ConfigType
+) -> None:
     max_pins = parent_config[CONF_SR_COUNT] * 8
     if pin_config[CONF_NUMBER] >= max_pins:
         raise cv.Invalid(f"Pin number must be less than {max_pins}")
@@ -86,7 +90,7 @@ def sn74hc165_pin_final_validate(pin_config, parent_config):
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(
     CONF_SN74HC165, SN74HC165_PIN_SCHEMA, sn74hc165_pin_final_validate
 )
-async def sn74hc165_pin_to_code(config):
+async def sn74hc165_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_SN74HC165])
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sn74hc595/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sn74hc595/__init__.py
index 26e5c03802..367b65176b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sn74hc595/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sn74hc595/__init__.py
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_OUTPUT,
     CONF_TYPE,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 MULTI_CONF = True
 
@@ -65,7 +67,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.typed_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     if config[CONF_TYPE] == TYPE_GPIO:
@@ -84,7 +86,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     cg.add(var.set_sr_count(config[CONF_SR_COUNT]))
 
 
-def _validate_output_mode(value):
+def _validate_output_mode(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if value.get(CONF_OUTPUT) is not True:
         raise cv.Invalid("Only output mode is supported")
     return value
@@ -103,7 +105,9 @@ SN74HC595_PIN_SCHEMA = pins.gpio_base_schema(
 )
 
 
-def sn74hc595_pin_final_validate(pin_config, parent_config):
+def sn74hc595_pin_final_validate(
+    pin_config: ConfigType, parent_config: ConfigType
+) -> None:
     max_pins = parent_config[CONF_SR_COUNT] * 8
     if pin_config[CONF_NUMBER] >= max_pins:
         raise cv.Invalid(f"Pin number must be less than {max_pins}")
@@ -112,7 +116,7 @@ def sn74hc595_pin_final_validate(pin_config, parent_config):
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(
     CONF_SN74HC595, SN74HC595_PIN_SCHEMA, sn74hc595_pin_final_validate
 )
-async def sn74hc595_pin_to_code(config):
+async def sn74hc595_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_SN74HC595])
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sntp/time.py b/esphome/components/sntp/time.py
index 7d592f8ef8..9d849f9fe9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sntp/time.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sntp/time.py
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _sntp_final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     servers = config[CONF_SERVERS]
 
     # Define server count at compile time
diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/__init__.py b/esphome/components/socket/__init__.py
index cd002d9eb0..edebed5d40 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/__init__.py
@@ -4,8 +4,10 @@ from enum import StrEnum
 import logging
 
 import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_defines
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -161,7 +163,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     impl = config[CONF_IMPLEMENTATION]
     if impl == IMPLEMENTATION_LWIP_TCP:
         cg.add_define("USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP")
@@ -181,16 +183,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add_build_flag("-DUSE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT")
 
 
-def FILTER_SOURCE_FILES() -> list[str]:
-    """Return list of socket implementation files that aren't selected by the user."""
-    impl = CORE.config["socket"][CONF_IMPLEMENTATION]
-
-    # Build list of files to exclude based on selected implementation
-    excluded = []
-    if impl != IMPLEMENTATION_LWIP_TCP:
-        excluded.append("lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp")
-    if impl != IMPLEMENTATION_BSD_SOCKETS:
-        excluded.append("bsd_sockets_impl.cpp")
-    if impl != IMPLEMENTATION_LWIP_SOCKETS:
-        excluded.append("lwip_sockets_impl.cpp")
-    return excluded
+# Each implementation file is fully #ifdef'd on the define set in to_code
+# for the selected implementation.
+FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_defines(
+    {
+        "lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp": "USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP",
+        "bsd_sockets_impl.cpp": "USE_SOCKET_IMPL_BSD_SOCKETS",
+        "lwip_sockets_impl.cpp": "USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_SOCKETS",
+    }
+)
diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp
index 4fcec553fa..8d00dbede2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp
@@ -43,7 +43,12 @@ namespace esphome::socket {
 // (Ethernet). On ESP8266, it's a no-op.
 #define LWIP_LOCK() esphome::LwIPLock lwip_lock_guard  // NOLINT
 
-static const char *const TAG = "socket.lwip";
+static const char *const TAG = "socket";
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+// optimistic_yield() rate limit in microseconds of CONT time; cheap when hot.
+static constexpr uint32_t ESP8266_YIELD_INTERVAL_US = 1000;
+#endif
 
 // set to 1 to enable verbose lwip logging
 #if 0  // NOLINT(readability-avoid-unconditional-preprocessor-if)
@@ -535,6 +540,14 @@ ssize_t LWIPRawImpl::read_locked_(void *buf, size_t len) {
 }
 
 ssize_t LWIPRawImpl::read(void *buf, size_t len) {
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+  // Would block: yield to SYS so queued WiFi RX reaches lwip and this read
+  // may succeed. Without this, inbound segments can sit unprocessed for
+  // seconds while the main loop polls (CONT/SYS are cooperative on ESP8266).
+  if (this->waiting_for_data_()) {
+    optimistic_yield(ESP8266_YIELD_INTERVAL_US);
+  }
+#endif
   // See waiting_for_data_() for safety of unlocked reads.
   if (this->recv_timeout_cs_ > 0 && this->waiting_for_data_()) {
     this->wait_for_data_();
@@ -545,6 +558,8 @@ ssize_t LWIPRawImpl::read(void *buf, size_t len) {
 }
 
 ssize_t LWIPRawImpl::readv(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt) {
+  // No ESP8266 SYS yield here: only read() needs it today. If a consumer
+  // switches to scatter-gather reads, mirror the yield from read().
   // See waiting_for_data_() for safety of unlocked reads.
   if (this->recv_timeout_cs_ > 0 && this->waiting_for_data_()) {
     this->wait_for_data_();
@@ -609,19 +624,24 @@ int LWIPRawImpl::internal_output_() {
   }
   LWIP_LOG("tcp_output(%p)", this->pcb_);
   err_t err = tcp_output(this->pcb_);
-  if (err == ERR_ABRT) {
-    // sometimes lwip returns ERR_ABRT for no apparent reason
-    // the connection works fine afterwards, and back with ESPAsyncTCP we
-    // indirectly also ignored this error
-    // FIXME: figure out where this is returned and what it means in this context
-    LWIP_LOG("  -> err ERR_ABRT");
-    return 0;
-  }
   if (err != ERR_OK) {
     LWIP_LOG("  -> err %d", err);
-    errno = ECONNRESET;
-    return -1;
+    // ERR_ABRT: sometimes lwip returns it for no apparent reason; the
+    // connection works fine afterwards, and back with ESPAsyncTCP we
+    // indirectly also ignored this error, so treat it as success for
+    // flush purposes too.
+    // FIXME: figure out where this is returned and what it means in this context
+    if (err != ERR_ABRT) {
+      errno = ECONNRESET;
+      return -1;
+    }
   }
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+  // Flushed: yield to SYS so the queued segments reach the WiFi driver
+  // instead of waiting seconds for an unrelated SYS slot. Callers only get
+  // here after a successful tcp_write, so idle paths never yield.
+  optimistic_yield(ESP8266_YIELD_INTERVAL_US);
+#endif
   return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sonoff_d1/light.py b/esphome/components/sonoff_d1/light.py
index 06cde45cd6..ae2c65595a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sonoff_d1/light.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sonoff_d1/light.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import light, uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_MAX_VALUE, CONF_MIN_VALUE, CONF_OUTPUT_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_USE_RM433_REMOTE = "use_rm433_remote"
 
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_OUTPUT_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sound_level/sensor.py b/esphome/components/sound_level/sensor.py
index 44f31979b4..d217534041 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sound_level/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sound_level/sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_DECIBEL,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["audio"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kahrendt"]
@@ -63,7 +66,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
@@ -95,7 +98,12 @@ SOUND_LEVEL_ACTION_SCHEMA = automation.maybe_simple_id(
 @automation.register_action(
     "sound_level.stop", StopAction, SOUND_LEVEL_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
-async def sound_level_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def sound_level_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/spa06_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/spa06_base/__init__.py
index 97d09aad81..c995c2c087 100644
--- a/esphome/components/spa06_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/spa06_base/__init__.py
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PASCAL,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@danielkent-net"]
 
@@ -55,7 +57,7 @@ OVERSAMPLING_OPTIONS = {
 SPA06Component = spa06_ns.class_("SPA06Component", cg.PollingComponent)
 
 
-def spa_oversample_time(oversample):
+def spa_oversample_time(oversample: str) -> float:
     # Pressure oversampling conversion times are listed on datasheet Pg. 26
     # Datasheet does not have a table for temperature oversampling;
     # assumption is that it is the same as pressure
@@ -72,7 +74,7 @@ def spa_oversample_time(oversample):
     return OVERSAMPLING_CONVERSION_TIMES[oversample]
 
 
-def spa_sample_rate(rate):
+def spa_sample_rate(rate: str) -> float:
     SAMPLE_RATE_OPTIONS_HZ = {
         "1": 1.0,
         "2": 2.0,
@@ -94,7 +96,7 @@ def spa_sample_rate(rate):
     return SAMPLE_RATE_OPTIONS_HZ[rate]
 
 
-def compute_measurement_conversion_time(config):
+def compute_measurement_conversion_time(config: ConfigType) -> int:
     # - adds up sensor conversion time based on temperature and pressure oversampling rates given in datasheet
     # - returns a rounded up time in ms
 
@@ -115,7 +117,7 @@ def compute_measurement_conversion_time(config):
     return math.ceil(1.05 * (pressure_conversion_time + temperature_conversion_time))
 
 
-def measurement_timing_check(config):
+def measurement_timing_check(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
 
     temp_time = 0.0
     if temperature_config := config.get(CONF_TEMPERATURE):
@@ -176,7 +178,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE = cv.Schema(
 CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE.add_extra(measurement_timing_check)
 
 
-async def to_code_base(config):
+async def to_code_base(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     if temperature_config := config.get(CONF_TEMPERATURE):
diff --git a/esphome/components/spa06_i2c/sensor.py b/esphome/components/spa06_i2c/sensor.py
index b48a5bca50..bffb4a4b4f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/spa06_i2c/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/spa06_i2c/sensor.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from ..spa06_base import CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE, to_code_base
 
@@ -18,6 +19,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE.extend(
 ).extend({cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(SPA06I2CComponent)})
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await to_code_base(config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/spa06_spi/sensor.py b/esphome/components/spa06_spi/sensor.py
index b82186ec21..19cb99a831 100644
--- a/esphome/components/spa06_spi/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/spa06_spi/sensor.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi
 from esphome.components.spi import CONF_SPI_MODE
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from ..spa06_base import CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE, to_code_base
 
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 VALID_SPI_MODES = {3: "MODE3", "3": "MODE3", "MODE3": "MODE3"}
 
 
-def check_spi_mode(config):
+def check_spi_mode(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     spi_mode = config.get(CONF_SPI_MODE)
     if spi_mode not in VALID_SPI_MODES:
         raise cv.Invalid("SPA06 only supports SPI mode 3")
@@ -36,6 +37,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await to_code_base(config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/speed/fan/__init__.py b/esphome/components/speed/fan/__init__.py
index 3c495f3160..9a9290e78e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/speed/fan/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/speed/fan/__init__.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_SPEED,
     CONF_SPEED_COUNT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import speed_ns
 
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await fan.new_fan(config, config[CONF_SPEED_COUNT])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/spi/__init__.py b/esphome/components/spi/__init__.py
index 608adc7514..dd2dce01c5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/spi/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/spi/__init__.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ from esphome.components.esp32 import (
     VARIANT_ESP32P4,
     VARIANT_ESP32S2,
     VARIANT_ESP32S3,
+    VARIANT_ESP32S31,
     only_on_variant,
 )
 from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_platform
@@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ def _render_hz(value: float) -> str:
     return formatted + unit
 
 
-def _frequency_validator(value):
+def _frequency_validator(value: Any) -> float:
     platform = get_target_platform()
     frequency = PLATFORM_SPI_CLOCKS[platform]
     value = cv.frequency(value)
@@ -126,6 +127,7 @@ CONF_FORCE_SW = "force_sw"
 CONF_INTERFACE = "interface"
 CONF_INTERFACE_INDEX = "interface_index"
 CONF_RELEASE_DEVICE = "release_device"
+CONF_PSRAM_DMA = "psram_dma"
 TYPE_SINGLE = "single"
 TYPE_QUAD = "quad"
 TYPE_OCTAL = "octal"
@@ -136,6 +138,29 @@ TYPE_CLASS = {
     TYPE_OCTAL: OctalSPIComponent,
 }
 
+
+def _validate_psram_dma(value: Any) -> bool:
+    value = cv.boolean(value)
+    if not value:
+        return value
+    return cv.All(
+        cv.only_on_esp32,
+        cv.only_with_framework("esp-idf"),
+        only_on_variant(
+            supported=[
+                VARIANT_ESP32C5,
+                VARIANT_ESP32C61,
+                VARIANT_ESP32P4,
+                VARIANT_ESP32S31,
+                VARIANT_ESP32S3,
+            ],
+            msg_prefix="PSRAM DMA",
+        ),
+        cv.require_framework_version(esp_idf=cv.Version(5, 5, 3)),
+        cv.requires_component("psram"),
+    )(value)
+
+
 # RP2040 SPI pin assignments are complicated;
 # refer to GPIO function select table in https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/rp2040/rp2040-datasheet.pdf
 
@@ -153,17 +178,17 @@ RP_SPI_PINSETS = [
 ]
 
 
-def get_target_platform():
+def get_target_platform() -> str:
     return CORE.data[KEY_CORE][KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM]
 
 
-def get_target_variant():
+def get_target_variant() -> str:
     return CORE.data[KEY_ESP32].get(KEY_VARIANT, "")
 
 
 # Get a list of available hardware interfaces based on target and variant.
 # The returned value is a list of lists of names
-def get_hw_interface_list():
+def get_hw_interface_list() -> list[list[str]]:
     target_platform = get_target_platform()
     if target_platform == PLATFORM_ESP8266:
         return [["spi", "hspi"]]
@@ -196,7 +221,7 @@ def one_of_interface_validator(additional_values: list[str] | None = None) -> An
     if additional_values is None:
         additional_values = []
 
-    def validator(value: str) -> str:
+    def validator(value: Any) -> str:
         return cv.one_of(
             *sum(get_hw_interface_list(), additional_values),
             lower=True,
@@ -206,7 +231,7 @@ def one_of_interface_validator(additional_values: list[str] | None = None) -> An
 
 
 # Given an SPI name, return the index of it in the available list
-def get_spi_index(name):
+def get_spi_index(name: str) -> int:
     for i, ilist in enumerate(get_hw_interface_list()):
         if name in ilist:
             return i
@@ -218,7 +243,7 @@ def get_spi_index(name):
 # \param spi the config data for the spi instance
 # \param index the selected hw interface number, -1 if not yet known
 # TODO verify that the pins are internal
-def validate_hw_pins(spi, index=-1):
+def validate_hw_pins(spi: ConfigType, index: int = -1) -> bool:
     clk_pin = spi[CONF_CLK_PIN]
     if clk_pin[CONF_INVERTED]:
         return False
@@ -265,7 +290,7 @@ def validate_hw_pins(spi, index=-1):
     return False
 
 
-def get_hw_spi(config, available):
+def get_hw_spi(config: ConfigType, available: list[int]) -> int | None:
     """Get an available hardware spi interface suitable for this config"""
     matching = list(filter(lambda idx: validate_hw_pins(config, idx), available))
     if len(matching) != 0:
@@ -273,7 +298,7 @@ def get_hw_spi(config, available):
     return None
 
 
-def validate_spi_config(config):
+def validate_spi_config(config: list[ConfigType]) -> list[ConfigType]:
     available = list(range(len(get_hw_interface_list())))
     for spi in config:
         interface = spi[CONF_INTERFACE]
@@ -317,7 +342,7 @@ def validate_spi_config(config):
 
 
 # Given an SPI index, convert to a string that represents the C++ object for it.
-def get_spi_interface(index):
+def get_spi_interface(index: int) -> str:
     platform = get_target_platform()
     if platform == PLATFORM_ESP32:
         # ESP32 uses ESP-IDF SPI driver for both Arduino and IDF frameworks
@@ -353,7 +378,7 @@ SPI_SINGLE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def spi_mode_schema(mode):
+def spi_mode_schema(mode: str) -> cv.Schema:
     if mode == TYPE_SINGLE:
         return SPI_SINGLE_SCHEMA
     pin_count = 4 if mode == TYPE_QUAD else 8
@@ -400,7 +425,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.BUS)
-async def to_code(configs):
+async def to_code(configs: list[ConfigType]) -> None:
     cg.add_define("USE_SPI")
     cg.add_global(spi_ns.using)
     if CORE.using_arduino and not CORE.is_esp32:
@@ -427,11 +452,11 @@ async def to_code(configs):
 
 
 def spi_device_schema(
-    cs_pin_required=True,
-    default_data_rate=cv.UNDEFINED,
-    default_mode=cv.UNDEFINED,
-    mode=TYPE_SINGLE,
-):
+    cs_pin_required: bool = True,
+    default_data_rate: Any = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    default_mode: Any = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    mode: str = TYPE_SINGLE,
+) -> cv.Schema:
     """Create a schema for an SPI device.
     :param cs_pin_required: If true, make the CS_PIN required in the config.
     :param default_data_rate: Optional data_rate to use as default
@@ -450,13 +475,14 @@ def spi_device_schema(
                 SPI_MODE_OPTIONS, upper=True
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_RELEASE_DEVICE): cv.All(cv.boolean, cv.only_on_esp32),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_PSRAM_DMA): _validate_psram_dma,
             cs_pin_option(CONF_CS_PIN): pins.gpio_output_pin_schema,
         }
     )
 
 
 async def register_spi_device(
-    var: cg.Pvariable, config: ConfigType, write_only: bool = False
+    var: cg.MockObj, config: ConfigType, write_only: bool = False
 ) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_SPI_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_spi_parent(parent))
@@ -471,9 +497,14 @@ async def register_spi_device(
         cg.add(var.set_mode(spi_mode))
     if release_device := config.get(CONF_RELEASE_DEVICE):
         cg.add(var.set_release_device(release_device))
+    if psram_dma := config.get(CONF_PSRAM_DMA):
+        cg.add_define("USE_SPI_PSRAM_DMA")
+        cg.add(var.set_psram_dma(psram_dma))
 
 
-def final_validate_device_schema(name: str, *, require_mosi: bool, require_miso: bool):
+def final_validate_device_schema(
+    name: str, *, require_mosi: bool, require_miso: bool
+) -> cv.Schema:
     hub_schema = {}
     if require_miso:
         hub_schema[
@@ -496,6 +527,36 @@ def final_validate_device_schema(name: str, *, require_mosi: bool, require_miso:
     )
 
 
+def _walk_config(value: Any, path: tuple[Any, ...] = ()):
+    if isinstance(value, dict):
+        yield value, path
+        for key, child in value.items():
+            yield from _walk_config(child, (*path, key))
+    elif isinstance(value, list):
+        for index, child in enumerate(value):
+            yield from _walk_config(child, (*path, index))
+
+
+def _final_validate(config: Any) -> Any:
+    buses = config if isinstance(config, list) else [config]
+    software_bus_ids = {
+        bus[CONF_ID] for bus in buses if CONF_INTERFACE_INDEX not in bus
+    }
+    if not software_bus_ids:
+        return config
+    for candidate, path in _walk_config(fv.full_config.get()):
+        if (
+            candidate.get(CONF_PSRAM_DMA)
+            and candidate.get(CONF_SPI_ID) in software_bus_ids
+        ):
+            with cv.prepend_path([cv.ROOT_CONFIG_PATH, *path, CONF_PSRAM_DMA]):
+                raise cv.Invalid("psram_dma requires a hardware SPI interface")
+    return config
+
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
+
+
 FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_platform(
     {
         "spi_arduino.cpp": {
diff --git a/esphome/components/spi/spi.h b/esphome/components/spi/spi.h
index 0358ed278f..2dfb3c75a8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/spi/spi.h
+++ b/esphome/components/spi/spi.h
@@ -253,11 +253,18 @@ class SPIDelegate {
   // check if device is ready
   virtual bool is_ready();
 
+#ifdef USE_SPI_PSRAM_DMA
+  void set_psram_dma(bool enable) { this->psram_dma_ = enable; }
+#endif
+
  protected:
   SPIBitOrder bit_order_{BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST};
   uint32_t data_rate_{1000000};
   SPIMode mode_{MODE0};
   GPIOPin *cs_pin_{NullPin::NULL_PIN};
+#ifdef USE_SPI_PSRAM_DMA
+  bool psram_dma_{false};
+#endif
   static SPIDelegate *const NULL_DELEGATE;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 };
 
@@ -352,6 +359,8 @@ class SPIComponent final : public Component {
     this->using_hw_ = true;
   }
 
+  SPIInterface get_interface() const { return this->interface_; }
+
   void set_interface_name(const char *name) { this->interface_name_ = name; }
 
   float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::BUS; }
@@ -395,6 +404,12 @@ class SPIClient {
     esph_log_d("spi_device", "mode %u, data_rate %ukHz", (unsigned) this->mode_, (unsigned) (this->data_rate_ / 1000));
     this->delegate_ = this->parent_->register_device(this, this->mode_, this->bit_order_, this->data_rate_, this->cs_,
                                                      this->release_device_, this->write_only_);
+#ifdef USE_SPI_PSRAM_DMA
+    this->delegate_->set_psram_dma(this->psram_dma_);
+    if (this->psram_dma_) {
+      esph_log_config("spi_device", "PSRAM DMA: enabled");
+    }
+#endif
   }
 
   virtual void spi_teardown() {
@@ -405,6 +420,9 @@ class SPIClient {
   bool spi_is_ready() { return this->delegate_->is_ready(); }
   void set_release_device(bool release) { this->release_device_ = release; }
   void set_write_only(bool write_only) { this->write_only_ = write_only; }
+#ifdef USE_SPI_PSRAM_DMA
+  void set_psram_dma(bool enable) { this->psram_dma_ = enable; }
+#endif
 
  protected:
   SPIBitOrder bit_order_{BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST};
@@ -414,6 +432,9 @@ class SPIClient {
   GPIOPin *cs_{nullptr};
   bool release_device_{false};
   bool write_only_{false};
+#ifdef USE_SPI_PSRAM_DMA
+  bool psram_dma_{false};
+#endif
   SPIDelegate *delegate_{SPIDelegate::NULL_DELEGATE};
 };
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/spi/spi_arduino.cpp b/esphome/components/spi/spi_arduino.cpp
index a3e09d2800..14428bed62 100644
--- a/esphome/components/spi/spi_arduino.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/spi/spi_arduino.cpp
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 namespace esphome::spi {
 #if defined(USE_ARDUINO) && !defined(USE_ESP32)
 
-static const char *const TAG = "spi-esp-arduino";
+static const char *const TAG = "spi";
 class SPIDelegateHw : public SPIDelegate {
  public:
   SPIDelegateHw(SPIInterface channel, uint32_t data_rate, SPIBitOrder bit_order, SPIMode mode, GPIOPin *cs_pin)
diff --git a/esphome/components/spi/spi_esp_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/spi/spi_esp_idf.cpp
index 0731078eec..95b5e4f14b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/spi/spi_esp_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/spi/spi_esp_idf.cpp
@@ -1,12 +1,24 @@
 #include "spi.h"
 #include <vector>
 
+#ifdef USE_SPI_PSRAM_DMA
+#include <esp_memory_utils.h>
+#endif
+
 namespace esphome::spi {
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
-static const char *const TAG = "spi-esp-idf";
+static const char *const TAG = "spi";
 static const size_t MAX_TRANSFER_SIZE = 4092;  // dictated by ESP-IDF API.
 
+#ifdef USE_SPI_PSRAM_DMA
+static uint32_t get_psram_dma_flags(bool enabled, const void *tx_buffer) {
+  if (enabled && tx_buffer != nullptr && esp_ptr_dma_ext_capable(tx_buffer))
+    return SPI_TRANS_DMA_USE_PSRAM;
+  return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
 class SPIDelegateHw : public SPIDelegate {
  public:
   SPIDelegateHw(SPIInterface channel, uint32_t data_rate, SPIBitOrder bit_order, SPIMode mode, GPIOPin *cs_pin,
@@ -30,8 +42,9 @@ class SPIDelegateHw : public SPIDelegate {
     if (this->release_device_)
       this->add_device_();
     if (this->is_ready()) {
-      if (spi_device_acquire_bus(this->handle_, portMAX_DELAY) != ESP_OK)
+      if (spi_device_acquire_bus(this->handle_, portMAX_DELAY) != ESP_OK) {
         ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to acquire SPI bus");
+      }
       SPIDelegate::begin_transaction();
     } else {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "SPI device not ready, cannot begin transaction");
@@ -51,8 +64,9 @@ class SPIDelegateHw : public SPIDelegate {
 
   ~SPIDelegateHw() override {
     esp_err_t const err = spi_bus_remove_device(this->handle_);
-    if (err != ESP_OK)
+    if (err != ESP_OK) {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Remove device failed - err %X", err);
+    }
   }
 
   // do a transfer. either txbuf or rxbuf (but not both) may be null.
@@ -65,8 +79,13 @@ class SPIDelegateHw : public SPIDelegate {
       return;
     }
     spi_transaction_t desc = {};
-    desc.flags = 0;
+#ifdef USE_SPI_PSRAM_DMA
+    const uint32_t psram_flags = rxbuf == nullptr ? get_psram_dma_flags(this->psram_dma_, txbuf) : 0;
+#endif
     while (length != 0) {
+#ifdef USE_SPI_PSRAM_DMA
+      desc.flags = psram_flags;
+#endif
       size_t const partial = std::min(length, MAX_TRANSFER_SIZE);
       desc.length = partial * 8;
       desc.rxlength = this->write_only_ ? 0 : partial * 8;
@@ -81,6 +100,12 @@ class SPIDelegateHw : public SPIDelegate {
         ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Transmit failed - err %X", err);
         break;
       }
+#ifdef USE_SPI_PSRAM_DMA
+      if ((desc.flags & SPI_TRANS_DMA_TX_FAIL) != 0) {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "PSRAM DMA TX underflow");
+        break;
+      }
+#endif
       length -= partial;
       if (txbuf != nullptr)
         txbuf += partial;
@@ -133,7 +158,13 @@ class SPIDelegateHw : public SPIDelegate {
     desc.base.rxlength = 0;
     desc.base.cmd = cmd;
     desc.base.addr = address;
+#ifdef USE_SPI_PSRAM_DMA
+    const uint32_t transaction_flags = desc.base.flags | get_psram_dma_flags(this->psram_dma_, data);
+#endif
     do {
+#ifdef USE_SPI_PSRAM_DMA
+      desc.base.flags = transaction_flags;
+#endif
       size_t chunk_size = std::min(length, MAX_TRANSFER_SIZE);
       if (data != nullptr && chunk_size != 0) {
         desc.base.length = chunk_size * 8;
@@ -152,6 +183,12 @@ class SPIDelegateHw : public SPIDelegate {
         ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Transmit failed - err %X", err);
         return;
       }
+#ifdef USE_SPI_PSRAM_DMA
+      if ((desc.base.flags & SPI_TRANS_DMA_TX_FAIL) != 0) {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "PSRAM DMA TX underflow");
+        return;
+      }
+#endif
       // if more data is to be sent, skip the command and address phases.
       desc.command_bits = 0;
       desc.address_bits = 0;
@@ -249,8 +286,9 @@ class SPIBusHw : public SPIBus {
     }
     buscfg.max_transfer_sz = MAX_TRANSFER_SIZE;
     auto err = spi_bus_initialize(channel, &buscfg, SPI_DMA_CH_AUTO);
-    if (err != ESP_OK)
+    if (err != ESP_OK) {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Bus init failed - err %X", err);
+    }
   }
 
   SPIDelegate *get_delegate(uint32_t data_rate, SPIBitOrder bit_order, SPIMode mode, GPIOPin *cs_pin,
diff --git a/esphome/components/spi_device/__init__.py b/esphome/components/spi_device/__init__.py
index 2f23d8a011..bd2bfe6452 100644
--- a/esphome/components/spi_device/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/spi_device/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_MODE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@clydebarrow"]
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(spi.spi_device_schema(False, "1MHz"))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     cg.add(var.set_bit_order(config[CONF_BIT_ORDER]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/spi_led_strip/light.py b/esphome/components/spi_led_strip/light.py
index ca320265a9..9139cc1ae3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/spi_led_strip/light.py
+++ b/esphome/components/spi_led_strip/light.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import light, spi
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_NUM_LEDS, CONF_OUTPUT_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 spi_led_strip_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("spi_led_strip")
 SpiLedStrip = spi_led_strip_ns.class_(
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = light.ADDRESSABLE_LIGHT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(spi.spi_device_schema(False, "1MHz"))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_OUTPUT_ID], config[CONF_NUM_LEDS])
     await light.register_light(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sprinkler/sprinkler.cpp b/esphome/components/sprinkler/sprinkler.cpp
index 336123a472..9fd0d9208b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sprinkler/sprinkler.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sprinkler/sprinkler.cpp
@@ -211,8 +211,6 @@ uint32_t SprinklerValveOperator::time_remaining() {
   return 0;  // run completed
 }
 
-SprinklerState SprinklerValveOperator::state() { return this->state_; }
-
 switch_::Switch *SprinklerValveOperator::pump_switch() {
   if ((this->controller_ == nullptr) || (this->valve_ == nullptr)) {
     return nullptr;
@@ -288,11 +286,8 @@ SprinklerValveRunRequest::SprinklerValveRunRequest(size_t valve_number, uint32_t
                                                    SprinklerValveOperator *valve_op)
     : valve_number_(valve_number), run_duration_(run_duration), valve_op_(valve_op) {}
 
-bool SprinklerValveRunRequest::has_request() { return this->has_valve_; }
 bool SprinklerValveRunRequest::has_valve_operator() { return !(this->valve_op_ == nullptr); }
 
-void SprinklerValveRunRequest::set_request_from(SprinklerValveRunRequestOrigin origin) { this->origin_ = origin; }
-
 void SprinklerValveRunRequest::set_run_duration(uint32_t run_duration) { this->run_duration_ = run_duration; }
 
 void SprinklerValveRunRequest::set_valve(size_t valve_number) {
@@ -317,8 +312,6 @@ void SprinklerValveRunRequest::reset() {
 
 uint32_t SprinklerValveRunRequest::run_duration() { return this->run_duration_; }
 
-size_t SprinklerValveRunRequest::valve() { return this->valve_number_; }
-
 optional<size_t> SprinklerValveRunRequest::valve_as_opt() {
   if (this->has_valve_) {
     return this->valve_number_;
@@ -328,8 +321,6 @@ optional<size_t> SprinklerValveRunRequest::valve_as_opt() {
 
 SprinklerValveOperator *SprinklerValveRunRequest::valve_operator() { return this->valve_op_; }
 
-SprinklerValveRunRequestOrigin SprinklerValveRunRequest::request_is_from() { return this->origin_; }
-
 Sprinkler::Sprinkler() : Sprinkler("") {}
 Sprinkler::Sprinkler(const char *name) : name_(name) {
   // The `name` is stored for dump_config logging
@@ -414,18 +405,6 @@ void Sprinkler::set_controller_main_switch(SprinklerControllerSwitch *controller
   this->sprinkler_turn_on_automation_->add_actions({sprinkler_resumeorstart_action_.get()});
 }
 
-void Sprinkler::set_controller_auto_adv_switch(SprinklerControllerSwitch *auto_adv_switch) {
-  this->auto_adv_sw_ = auto_adv_switch;
-}
-
-void Sprinkler::set_controller_queue_enable_switch(SprinklerControllerSwitch *queue_enable_switch) {
-  this->queue_enable_sw_ = queue_enable_switch;
-}
-
-void Sprinkler::set_controller_reverse_switch(SprinklerControllerSwitch *reverse_switch) {
-  this->reverse_sw_ = reverse_switch;
-}
-
 void Sprinkler::set_controller_standby_switch(SprinklerControllerSwitch *standby_switch) {
   this->standby_sw_ = standby_switch;
 
@@ -434,14 +413,6 @@ void Sprinkler::set_controller_standby_switch(SprinklerControllerSwitch *standby
   this->sprinkler_standby_turn_on_automation_->add_actions({sprinkler_standby_shutdown_action_.get()});
 }
 
-void Sprinkler::set_controller_multiplier_number(SprinklerControllerNumber *multiplier_number) {
-  this->multiplier_number_ = multiplier_number;
-}
-
-void Sprinkler::set_controller_repeat_number(SprinklerControllerNumber *repeat_number) {
-  this->repeat_number_ = repeat_number;
-}
-
 void Sprinkler::configure_valve_switch(size_t valve_number, switch_::Switch *valve_switch, uint32_t run_duration) {
   if (this->is_a_valid_valve(valve_number)) {
     this->valve_[valve_number].valve_switch = valve_switch;
@@ -498,10 +469,6 @@ void Sprinkler::set_multiplier(const optional<float> multiplier) {
   call.perform();
 }
 
-void Sprinkler::set_next_prev_ignore_disabled_valves(bool ignore_disabled) {
-  this->next_prev_ignore_disabled_ = ignore_disabled;
-}
-
 void Sprinkler::set_pump_start_delay(uint32_t start_delay) {
   this->start_delay_is_valve_delay_ = false;
   this->start_delay_ = start_delay;
@@ -522,10 +489,6 @@ void Sprinkler::set_valve_stop_delay(uint32_t stop_delay) {
   this->stop_delay_ = stop_delay;
 }
 
-void Sprinkler::set_pump_switch_off_during_valve_open_delay(bool pump_switch_off_during_valve_open_delay) {
-  this->pump_switch_off_during_valve_open_delay_ = pump_switch_off_during_valve_open_delay;
-}
-
 void Sprinkler::set_valve_open_delay(const uint32_t valve_open_delay) {
   if (valve_open_delay > 0) {
     this->valve_overlap_ = false;
@@ -945,8 +908,6 @@ optional<size_t> Sprinkler::active_valve() {
   return this->active_req_.valve_as_opt();
 }
 
-optional<size_t> Sprinkler::paused_valve() { return this->paused_valve_; }
-
 optional<size_t> Sprinkler::queued_valve() {
   if (!this->queued_valves_.empty()) {
     return this->queued_valves_.back().valve_number;
@@ -954,10 +915,6 @@ optional<size_t> Sprinkler::queued_valve() {
   return nullopt;
 }
 
-optional<size_t> Sprinkler::manual_valve() { return this->manual_valve_; }
-
-size_t Sprinkler::number_of_valves() { return this->valve_.size(); }
-
 bool Sprinkler::is_a_valid_valve(const size_t valve_number) { return (valve_number < this->number_of_valves()); }
 
 bool Sprinkler::pump_in_use(switch_::Switch *pump_switch) {
@@ -1378,7 +1335,7 @@ void Sprinkler::all_valves_off_(const bool include_pump) {
       this->set_pump_state(this->valve_pump_switch(valve_index), false);
     }
   }
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "All valves stopped%s", include_pump ? ", including pumps" : "");
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "All valves stopped%s", include_pump ? LOG_STR_LITERAL(", including pumps") : "");
 }
 
 void Sprinkler::prep_full_cycle_() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/sprinkler/sprinkler.h b/esphome/components/sprinkler/sprinkler.h
index bd610f7ad3..2499a0a591 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sprinkler/sprinkler.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sprinkler/sprinkler.h
@@ -124,9 +124,9 @@ class SprinklerValveOperator {
   void set_stop_delay(uint32_t stop_delay, bool stop_delay_is_valve_delay);
   void start();
   void stop();
-  uint32_t run_duration();         // returns the desired run duration in seconds
-  uint32_t time_remaining();       // returns seconds remaining (does not include stop_delay_)
-  SprinklerState state();          // returns the valve's state/status
+  uint32_t run_duration();    // returns the desired run duration in seconds
+  uint32_t time_remaining();  // returns seconds remaining (does not include stop_delay_)
+  SprinklerState state() { return this->state_; }
   switch_::Switch *pump_switch();  // returns this SprinklerValveOperator's pump switch
 
  protected:
@@ -152,18 +152,18 @@ class SprinklerValveRunRequest {
  public:
   SprinklerValveRunRequest();
   SprinklerValveRunRequest(size_t valve_number, uint32_t run_duration, SprinklerValveOperator *valve_op);
-  bool has_request();
+  bool has_request() { return this->has_valve_; }
   bool has_valve_operator();
-  void set_request_from(SprinklerValveRunRequestOrigin origin);
+  void set_request_from(SprinklerValveRunRequestOrigin origin) { this->origin_ = origin; }
   void set_run_duration(uint32_t run_duration);
   void set_valve(size_t valve_number);
   void set_valve_operator(SprinklerValveOperator *valve_op);
   void reset();
   uint32_t run_duration();
-  size_t valve();
+  size_t valve() { return this->valve_number_; }
   optional<size_t> valve_as_opt();
   SprinklerValveOperator *valve_operator();
-  SprinklerValveRunRequestOrigin request_is_from();
+  SprinklerValveRunRequestOrigin request_is_from() { return this->origin_; }
 
  protected:
   bool has_valve_{false};
@@ -189,14 +189,20 @@ class Sprinkler final : public Component {
 
   /// configure important controller switches
   void set_controller_main_switch(SprinklerControllerSwitch *controller_switch);
-  void set_controller_auto_adv_switch(SprinklerControllerSwitch *auto_adv_switch);
-  void set_controller_queue_enable_switch(SprinklerControllerSwitch *queue_enable_switch);
-  void set_controller_reverse_switch(SprinklerControllerSwitch *reverse_switch);
+  void set_controller_auto_adv_switch(SprinklerControllerSwitch *auto_adv_switch) {
+    this->auto_adv_sw_ = auto_adv_switch;
+  }
+  void set_controller_queue_enable_switch(SprinklerControllerSwitch *queue_enable_switch) {
+    this->queue_enable_sw_ = queue_enable_switch;
+  }
+  void set_controller_reverse_switch(SprinklerControllerSwitch *reverse_switch) { this->reverse_sw_ = reverse_switch; }
   void set_controller_standby_switch(SprinklerControllerSwitch *standby_switch);
 
   /// configure important controller number components
-  void set_controller_multiplier_number(SprinklerControllerNumber *multiplier_number);
-  void set_controller_repeat_number(SprinklerControllerNumber *repeat_number);
+  void set_controller_multiplier_number(SprinklerControllerNumber *multiplier_number) {
+    this->multiplier_number_ = multiplier_number;
+  }
+  void set_controller_repeat_number(SprinklerControllerNumber *repeat_number) { this->repeat_number_ = repeat_number; }
 
   /// configure a valve's switch object and run duration. run_duration is time in seconds.
   void configure_valve_switch(size_t valve_number, switch_::Switch *valve_switch, uint32_t run_duration);
@@ -214,7 +220,9 @@ class Sprinkler final : public Component {
   void set_multiplier(optional<float> multiplier);
 
   /// enable/disable skipping of disabled valves by the next and previous actions
-  void set_next_prev_ignore_disabled_valves(bool ignore_disabled);
+  void set_next_prev_ignore_disabled_valves(bool ignore_disabled) {
+    this->next_prev_ignore_disabled_ = ignore_disabled;
+  }
 
   /// set how long the pump should start after the valve (when the pump is starting)
   void set_pump_start_delay(uint32_t start_delay);
@@ -230,7 +238,9 @@ class Sprinkler final : public Component {
 
   /// if pump_switch_off_during_valve_open_delay is true, the controller will switch off the pump during the
   ///  valve_open_delay interval
-  void set_pump_switch_off_during_valve_open_delay(bool pump_switch_off_during_valve_open_delay);
+  void set_pump_switch_off_during_valve_open_delay(bool pump_switch_off_during_valve_open_delay) {
+    this->pump_switch_off_during_valve_open_delay_ = pump_switch_off_during_valve_open_delay;
+  }
 
   /// set how long the controller should wait to open/switch on the valve after it becomes active
   void set_valve_open_delay(uint32_t valve_open_delay);
@@ -335,17 +345,17 @@ class Sprinkler final : public Component {
   optional<size_t> active_valve();
 
   /// returns the number of the valve that is paused, if any. check with 'has_value()'
-  optional<size_t> paused_valve();
+  optional<size_t> paused_valve() { return this->paused_valve_; }
 
   /// returns the number of the next valve in the queue, if any. check with 'has_value()'
   optional<size_t> queued_valve();
 
   /// returns the number of the valve that is manually selected, if any. check with 'has_value()'
   ///  this is set by next_valve() and previous_valve() when manual_selection_delay_ > 0
-  optional<size_t> manual_valve();
+  optional<size_t> manual_valve() { return this->manual_valve_; }
 
   /// returns the number of valves the controller is configured with
-  size_t number_of_valves();
+  size_t number_of_valves() { return this->valve_.size(); }
 
   /// returns true if valve number is valid
   bool is_a_valid_valve(size_t valve_number);
diff --git a/esphome/components/sps30/sensor.py b/esphome/components/sps30/sensor.py
index 40557f2cbd..681166cd3c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sps30/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sps30/sensor.py
@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_MICROGRAMS_PER_CUBIC_METER,
     UNIT_MICROMETER,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@martgras"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -120,7 +123,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
@@ -197,7 +200,12 @@ SPS30_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
     SPS30_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def sps30_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def sps30_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/ssd1306_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ssd1306_base/__init__.py
index 9d397e396b..26eda3b4ea 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ssd1306_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ssd1306_base/__init__.py
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_OFFSET_Y,
     CONF_RESET_PIN,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 ssd1306_base_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("ssd1306_base")
 SSD1306 = ssd1306_base_ns.class_("SSD1306", cg.PollingComponent, display.DisplayBuffer)
@@ -40,7 +42,7 @@ MODELS = {
 SSD1306_MODEL = cv.enum(MODELS, upper=True, space="_")
 
 
-def _validate(value):
+def _validate(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     model = value[CONF_MODEL]
     if (
         model not in ("SSD1305_128X32", "SSD1305_128X64")
@@ -73,7 +75,7 @@ SSD1306_SCHEMA = display.FULL_DISPLAY_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("1s"))
 
 
-async def setup_ssd1306(var, config):
+async def setup_ssd1306(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await display.register_display(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_model(config[CONF_MODEL]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/ssd1306_i2c/display.py b/esphome/components/ssd1306_i2c/display.py
index 2ac0093ef1..ec271039ae 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ssd1306_i2c/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ssd1306_i2c/display.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import i2c, ssd1306_base
 from esphome.components.ssd1306_base import _validate
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_LAMBDA, CONF_PAGES
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["ssd1306_base"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await ssd1306_base.setup_ssd1306(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ssd1306_spi/display.py b/esphome/components/ssd1306_spi/display.py
index 26953b4f39..9a415ccfdb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ssd1306_spi/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ssd1306_spi/display.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from esphome.components import spi, ssd1306_base
 from esphome.components.ssd1306_base import _validate
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_DC_PIN, CONF_ID, CONF_LAMBDA, CONF_PAGES
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["ssd1306_base"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = spi.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await ssd1306_base.setup_ssd1306(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config, write_only=True)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ssd1322_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ssd1322_base/__init__.py
index 3569bbe957..daa0345857 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ssd1322_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ssd1322_base/__init__.py
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_MODEL,
     CONF_RESET_PIN,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 
@@ -32,7 +34,7 @@ SSD1322_SCHEMA = display.FULL_DISPLAY_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("1s"))
 
 
-async def setup_ssd1322(var, config):
+async def setup_ssd1322(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await display.register_display(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_model(config[CONF_MODEL]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/ssd1322_spi/display.py b/esphome/components/ssd1322_spi/display.py
index 3d01caf874..63e0816ae7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ssd1322_spi/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ssd1322_spi/display.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi, ssd1322_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_DC_PIN, CONF_ID, CONF_LAMBDA, CONF_PAGES
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = spi.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await ssd1322_base.setup_ssd1322(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config, write_only=True)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ssd1325_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ssd1325_base/__init__.py
index 12cbd883a0..e48a821825 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ssd1325_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ssd1325_base/__init__.py
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_MODEL,
     CONF_RESET_PIN,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 
@@ -36,7 +38,7 @@ SSD1325_SCHEMA = display.FULL_DISPLAY_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("1s"))
 
 
-async def setup_ssd1325(var, config):
+async def setup_ssd1325(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await display.register_display(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_model(config[CONF_MODEL]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/ssd1325_spi/display.py b/esphome/components/ssd1325_spi/display.py
index dbb9a14ac2..cca9a3cf8e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ssd1325_spi/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ssd1325_spi/display.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi, ssd1325_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_DC_PIN, CONF_ID, CONF_LAMBDA, CONF_PAGES
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = spi.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await ssd1325_base.setup_ssd1325(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config, write_only=True)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ssd1327_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ssd1327_base/__init__.py
index d0ec2410e6..462f197696 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ssd1327_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ssd1327_base/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import display
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_BRIGHTNESS, CONF_LAMBDA, CONF_MODEL, CONF_RESET_PIN
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 
@@ -25,7 +27,7 @@ SSD1327_SCHEMA = display.FULL_DISPLAY_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("1s"))
 
 
-async def setup_ssd1327(var, config):
+async def setup_ssd1327(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await display.register_display(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_model(config[CONF_MODEL]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/ssd1327_i2c/display.py b/esphome/components/ssd1327_i2c/display.py
index 95de1c2979..e079a8698f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ssd1327_i2c/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ssd1327_i2c/display.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, ssd1327_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_LAMBDA, CONF_PAGES
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await ssd1327_base.setup_ssd1327(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ssd1327_spi/display.py b/esphome/components/ssd1327_spi/display.py
index f052764a91..8a5ea40efa 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ssd1327_spi/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ssd1327_spi/display.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi, ssd1327_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_DC_PIN, CONF_ID, CONF_LAMBDA, CONF_PAGES
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = spi.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await ssd1327_base.setup_ssd1327(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config, write_only=True)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ssd1331_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ssd1331_base/__init__.py
index 144a95a29f..d1c0b585f8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ssd1331_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ssd1331_base/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import display
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_BRIGHTNESS, CONF_LAMBDA, CONF_RESET_PIN
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 
@@ -17,7 +19,7 @@ SSD1331_SCHEMA = display.FULL_DISPLAY_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("1s"))
 
 
-async def setup_ssd1331(var, config):
+async def setup_ssd1331(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await display.register_display(var, config)
 
     if CONF_RESET_PIN in config:
diff --git a/esphome/components/ssd1331_spi/display.py b/esphome/components/ssd1331_spi/display.py
index c16780302f..eeebb48ac6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ssd1331_spi/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ssd1331_spi/display.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi, ssd1331_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_DC_PIN, CONF_ID, CONF_LAMBDA, CONF_PAGES
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = spi.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await ssd1331_base.setup_ssd1331(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config, write_only=True)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ssd1351_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ssd1351_base/__init__.py
index fc03083ad0..a516b4d951 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ssd1351_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ssd1351_base/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import display
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_BRIGHTNESS, CONF_LAMBDA, CONF_MODEL, CONF_RESET_PIN
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 
@@ -26,7 +28,7 @@ SSD1351_SCHEMA = display.FULL_DISPLAY_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("1s"))
 
 
-async def setup_ssd1351(var, config):
+async def setup_ssd1351(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await display.register_display(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_model(config[CONF_MODEL]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/ssd1351_spi/display.py b/esphome/components/ssd1351_spi/display.py
index 2a6e984029..10991b8338 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ssd1351_spi/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ssd1351_spi/display.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi, ssd1351_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_DC_PIN, CONF_ID, CONF_LAMBDA, CONF_PAGES
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = spi.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await ssd1351_base.setup_ssd1351(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config, write_only=True)
diff --git a/esphome/components/st7123/touchscreen/__init__.py b/esphome/components/st7123/touchscreen/__init__.py
index 5ebd08066f..55ea43ca6a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/st7123/touchscreen/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/st7123/touchscreen/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, touchscreen
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN, CONF_RESET_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import st7123_ns
 
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = touchscreen.TOUCHSCREEN_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x55))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await touchscreen.register_touchscreen(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/st7567_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/st7567_base/__init__.py
index 6f93172a1a..51225c5023 100644
--- a/esphome/components/st7567_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/st7567_base/__init__.py
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_RESET_PIN,
     CONF_TRANSFORM,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@latonita"]
 
@@ -34,7 +36,7 @@ ST7567_SCHEMA = display.FULL_DISPLAY_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("1s"))
 
 
-async def setup_st7567(var, config):
+async def setup_st7567(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await display.register_display(var, config)
 
     if CONF_RESET_PIN in config:
diff --git a/esphome/components/st7567_i2c/display.py b/esphome/components/st7567_i2c/display.py
index bd62b3b382..1a7da33a8e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/st7567_i2c/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/st7567_i2c/display.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, st7567_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_LAMBDA, CONF_PAGES
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@latonita"]
 
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await st7567_base.setup_st7567(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/st7567_spi/display.py b/esphome/components/st7567_spi/display.py
index 02cd2c105c..ad04b9f212 100644
--- a/esphome/components/st7567_spi/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/st7567_spi/display.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi, st7567_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_DC_PIN, CONF_ID, CONF_LAMBDA, CONF_PAGES
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@latonita"]
 
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = spi.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await st7567_base.setup_st7567(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config, write_only=True)
diff --git a/esphome/components/st7701s/display.py b/esphome/components/st7701s/display.py
index 7f6492812f..16d7ef8e86 100644
--- a/esphome/components/st7701s/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/st7701s/display.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import display, spi
@@ -41,6 +43,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_WIDTH,
 )
 from esphome.core import TimePeriod
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .init_sequences import ST7701S_INITS, cmd
 
@@ -58,7 +61,7 @@ COLOR_ORDERS = {
 DATA_PIN_SCHEMA = pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_schema
 
 
-def data_pin_validate(value):
+def data_pin_validate(value: Any) -> ConfigType:
     """
     It is safe to use strapping pins as RGB output data bits, as they are outputs only,
     and not initialised until after boot.
@@ -73,14 +76,14 @@ def data_pin_validate(value):
     return DATA_PIN_SCHEMA(value)
 
 
-def data_pin_set(length):
+def data_pin_set(length: int) -> cv.Schema:
     return cv.All(
         [data_pin_validate],
         cv.Length(min=length, max=length, msg=f"Exactly {length} data pins required"),
     )
 
 
-def map_sequence(value):
+def map_sequence(value: Any) -> list:
     """
     An initialisation sequence can be selected from one of the pre-defined sequences in init_sequences.py,
     or can be a literal array of data bytes.
@@ -170,7 +173,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = spi.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await display.register_display(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config, write_only=True)
diff --git a/esphome/components/st7701s/init_sequences.py b/esphome/components/st7701s/init_sequences.py
index 4786731c78..a67f3f63fb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/st7701s/init_sequences.py
+++ b/esphome/components/st7701s/init_sequences.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # These are initialisation sequences for ST7701S displays. The contents are somewhat arcane.
 
 
-def cmd(c, *args):
+def cmd(c: int, *args: int) -> list[int]:
     """
     Create a command sequence
     :param c: The command (8 bit)
diff --git a/esphome/components/st7701s/st7701s.cpp b/esphome/components/st7701s/st7701s.cpp
index 3ffef86f3e..83f7bc9ce5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/st7701s/st7701s.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/st7701s/st7701s.cpp
@@ -78,8 +78,9 @@ void ST7701S::draw_pixels_at(int x_start, int y_start, int w, int h, const uint8
         break;
     }
   }
-  if (err != ESP_OK)
+  if (err != ESP_OK) {
     esph_log_e(TAG, "lcd_lcd_panel_draw_bitmap failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
+  }
 }
 
 void ST7701S::draw_pixel_at(int x, int y, Color color) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/st7735/display.py b/esphome/components/st7735/display.py
index 766370c21f..5cbcee12ab 100644
--- a/esphome/components/st7735/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/st7735/display.py
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_PAGES,
     CONF_RESET_PIN,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import st7735_ns
 
@@ -76,7 +78,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = spi.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def setup_st7735(var, config):
+async def setup_st7735(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await display.register_display(var, config)
 
     if CONF_RESET_PIN in config:
@@ -89,7 +91,7 @@ async def setup_st7735(var, config):
         cg.add(var.set_writer(lambda_))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     LOGGER.warning(
         "The 'st7735' component is deprecated, it is recommended to use 'mipi_spi' instead."
     )
diff --git a/esphome/components/st7789v/display.py b/esphome/components/st7789v/display.py
index 3b4d6d99ea..fa72c7c328 100644
--- a/esphome/components/st7789v/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/st7789v/display.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import logging
+from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ROTATION,
     CONF_WIDTH,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import st7789v_ns
 
@@ -38,7 +40,9 @@ MODEL_PRESETS = "model_presets"
 REQUIRE_PS = "require_ps"
 
 
-def model_spec(require_ps=False, presets=None):
+def model_spec(
+    require_ps: bool = False, presets: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
     if presets is None:
         presets = {}
     return {MODEL_PRESETS: presets, REQUIRE_PS: require_ps}
@@ -119,7 +123,7 @@ MODELS = {
 }
 
 
-def validate_st7789v(config):
+def validate_st7789v(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     model_data = MODELS[config[CONF_MODEL]]
     presets = model_data[MODEL_PRESETS]
     for key, value in presets.items():
@@ -178,7 +182,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = spi.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     LOGGER.warning(
         "The 'st7789v' component is deprecated, it is recommended to use 'mipi_spi' instead."
     )
diff --git a/esphome/components/st7920/display.py b/esphome/components/st7920/display.py
index ef33fac6c6..853e38a279 100644
--- a/esphome/components/st7920/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/st7920/display.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import display, spi
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_HEIGHT, CONF_ID, CONF_LAMBDA, CONF_WIDTH
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["display"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@marsjan155"]
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config, write_only=True)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/statsd/__init__.py b/esphome/components/statsd/__init__.py
index 39188c6b81..b5a0586e31 100644
--- a/esphome/components/statsd/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/statsd/__init__.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_PORT,
     CONF_SENSORS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["socket"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@Links2004"]
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("10s"))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     cg.add(
diff --git a/esphome/components/status/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/status/binary_sensor.py
index f0c7c87e17..452ae9398f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/status/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/status/binary_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import DEVICE_CLASS_CONNECTIVITY, ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["network"]
 
@@ -17,6 +18,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("1s"))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/status_led/__init__.py b/esphome/components/status_led/__init__.py
index b0fce37126..700296c0df 100644
--- a/esphome/components/status_led/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/status_led/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_PIN
 from esphome.core import CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 status_led_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("status_led")
 StatusLED = status_led_ns.class_("StatusLED", cg.Component)
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.STATUS)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_PIN])
     rhs = StatusLED.new(pin)
     var = cg.Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], rhs)
diff --git a/esphome/components/status_led/light/__init__.py b/esphome/components/status_led/light/__init__.py
index f8d03a3b4f..f63cf14178 100644
--- a/esphome/components/status_led/light/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/status_led/light/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import light, output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_OUTPUT, CONF_OUTPUT_ID, CONF_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import status_led_ns
 
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_OUTPUT_ID])
     if CONF_PIN in config:
         pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_PIN])
diff --git a/esphome/components/sts3x/sensor.py b/esphome/components/sts3x/sensor.py
index 7b04bd58bb..d4fd431d13 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sts3x/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sts3x/sensor.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["sensirion_common"]
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/stts22h/sensor.py b/esphome/components/stts22h/sensor.py
index 094c233361..7b86f90860 100644
--- a/esphome/components/stts22h/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/stts22h/sensor.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/substitutions/__init__.py b/esphome/components/substitutions/__init__.py
index b4fcf36c9e..5ef7a699eb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/substitutions/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/substitutions/__init__.py
@@ -363,13 +363,12 @@ def resolve_include(
     an explicit non-goal here.
     """
     original = include.file
-    original_str = str(original)
     filename = str(
         _expand_substitutions(
-            original_str, path + ["file"], context_vars, strict_undefined, errors
+            original, path + ["file"], context_vars, strict_undefined, errors
         )
     )
-    substituted = filename != original_str
+    substituted = filename != original
     if substituted:
         include = include.with_file(filename)
     try:
diff --git a/esphome/components/substitutions/jinja.py b/esphome/components/substitutions/jinja.py
index 36a7425a69..230ad09df9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/substitutions/jinja.py
+++ b/esphome/components/substitutions/jinja.py
@@ -43,23 +43,23 @@ SAFE_GLOBALS = {
 
 
 class JinjaError(Exception):
-    def __init__(self, context_trace: dict, expr: str):
+    def __init__(self, context_trace: dict, expr: str) -> None:
         self.context_trace = context_trace
         self.eval_stack = [expr]
 
-    def parent(self):
+    def parent(self) -> BaseException | None:
         return self.__context__
 
-    def error_name(self):
+    def error_name(self) -> str:
         return type(self.parent()).__name__
 
-    def context_trace_str(self):
+    def context_trace_str(self) -> str:
         return "\n".join(
             f"  {k} = {repr(v)} ({type(v).__name__})"
             for k, v in self.context_trace.items()
         )
 
-    def stack_trace_str(self):
+    def stack_trace_str(self) -> str:
         return "\n".join(
             f" {len(self.eval_stack) - i}: {expr}{i == 0 and ' <-- ' + self.error_name() or ''}"
             for i, expr in enumerate(self.eval_stack)
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class JinjaError(Exception):
 
 
 class TrackerContext(jinja.runtime.Context):
-    def resolve_or_missing(self, key):
+    def resolve_or_missing(self, key: str) -> Any:
         val = super().resolve_or_missing(key)
         if val is Missing:
             # Variable not in the template context — check if a resolver callback
diff --git a/esphome/components/sun/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sun/__init__.py
index c065a82958..33a5c677bd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sun/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sun/__init__.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import contextlib
 import re
+from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -12,6 +13,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TIME_ID,
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@OttoWinter"]
 sun_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("sun")
@@ -40,7 +44,7 @@ ELEVATION_MAP = {
 }
 
 
-def elevation(value):
+def elevation(value: Any) -> float:
     if isinstance(value, str):
         with contextlib.suppress(cv.Invalid):
             value = ELEVATION_MAP[
@@ -60,7 +64,7 @@ LAT_LON_REGEX = re.compile(
 )
 
 
-def parse_latlon(value):
+def parse_latlon(value: Any) -> float:
     if isinstance(value, str) and value.endswith("°"):
         # strip trailing degree character
         value = value[:-1]
@@ -114,7 +118,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     time_ = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_TIME_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_time(time_))
@@ -150,7 +154,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
         }
     ),
 )
-async def sun_above_horizon_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
+async def sun_above_horizon_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    condition_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     templ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_ELEVATION], args, cg.double)
@@ -171,7 +180,12 @@ async def sun_above_horizon_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
         }
     ),
 )
-async def sun_below_horizon_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
+async def sun_below_horizon_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    condition_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     templ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_ELEVATION], args, cg.double)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sun/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sun/sensor/__init__.py
index a1ced8ff5b..d2e9fa750d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sun/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sun/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_DEGREES,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_SUN_ID, Sun, sun_ns
 
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sun/text_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sun/text_sensor/__init__.py
index fc733d3435..523471bd41 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sun/text_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sun/text_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ICON_WEATHER_SUNSET_DOWN,
     ICON_WEATHER_SUNSET_UP,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_ELEVATION, CONF_SUN_ID, DEFAULT_ELEVATION, Sun, elevation, sun_ns
 
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ SUN_TYPES = {
 }
 
 
-def validate_optional_icon(config):
+def validate_optional_icon(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_ICON not in config:
         config = config.copy()
         config[CONF_ICON] = {
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sun_gtil2/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sun_gtil2/__init__.py
index c7082794db..0f5ae27753 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sun_gtil2/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sun_gtil2/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@Mat931"]
 MULTI_CONF = True
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sun_gtil2/sensor.py b/esphome/components/sun_gtil2/sensor.py
index 55c8195391..26435cfa67 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sun_gtil2/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sun_gtil2/sensor.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_VOLT,
     UNIT_WATT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_SUN_GTIL2_ID, SunGTIL2Component
 
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_SUN_GTIL2_ID])
     if ac_voltage_config := config.get(CONF_AC_VOLTAGE):
         sens = await sensor.new_sensor(ac_voltage_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sun_gtil2/text_sensor.py b/esphome/components/sun_gtil2/text_sensor.py
index f74f89b3b4..eae69fb4df 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sun_gtil2/text_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sun_gtil2/text_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_STATE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_SUN_GTIL2_ID, SunGTIL2Component
 
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_SUN_GTIL2_ID])
     if state_config := config.get(CONF_STATE):
         sens = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(state_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/switch/automation.cpp b/esphome/components/switch/automation.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 9a0221fe56..0000000000
--- a/esphome/components/switch/automation.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-#include "automation.h"
-#include "esphome/core/log.h"
-
-namespace esphome::switch_ {
-
-static const char *const TAG = "switch.automation";
-
-}  // namespace esphome::switch_
diff --git a/esphome/components/switch/switch.cpp b/esphome/components/switch/switch.cpp
index abc7338a62..8413c7b493 100644
--- a/esphome/components/switch/switch.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/switch/switch.cpp
@@ -26,7 +26,8 @@ void Switch::turn_off() {
   this->write_state(this->inverted_);
 }
 void Switch::toggle() {
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "'%s' Toggling %s.", this->get_name().c_str(), this->state ? "OFF" : "ON");
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "'%s' Toggling %s.", this->get_name().c_str(),
+           this->state ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("OFF") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("ON"));
   this->write_state(this->inverted_ == this->state);
 }
 optional<bool> Switch::get_initial_state() {
@@ -69,9 +70,6 @@ void Switch::publish_state(bool state) {
 }
 bool Switch::assumed_state() { return false; }
 
-void Switch::set_inverted(bool inverted) { this->inverted_ = inverted; }
-bool Switch::is_inverted() const { return this->inverted_; }
-
 void log_switch(const char *tag, const char *prefix, const char *type, Switch *obj) {
   if (obj != nullptr) {
     // Prepare restore mode string
diff --git a/esphome/components/switch/switch.h b/esphome/components/switch/switch.h
index b7761cba0a..0564c3efd2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/switch/switch.h
+++ b/esphome/components/switch/switch.h
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ class Switch : public EntityBase {
    *
    * @param inverted Whether to invert this switch.
    */
-  void set_inverted(bool inverted);
+  void set_inverted(bool inverted) { this->inverted_ = inverted; }
 
   /** Set callback for state changes.
    *
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ class Switch : public EntityBase {
    */
   virtual bool assumed_state();
 
-  bool is_inverted() const;
+  bool is_inverted() const { return this->inverted_; }
 
   void set_restore_mode(SwitchRestoreMode restore_mode) { this->restore_mode = restore_mode; }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sx126x/packet_transport/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sx126x/packet_transport/__init__.py
index 4d79b23ac1..fc3bbf6df2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sx126x/packet_transport/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sx126x/packet_transport/__init__.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from esphome.components.packet_transport import (
 )
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.cpp_types import PollingComponent
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_SX126X_ID, SX126x, SX126xListener, sx126x_ns
 
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = transport_schema(SX126xTransport).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var, _ = await new_packet_transport(config)
     sx126x = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_SX126X_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_parent(sx126x))
diff --git a/esphome/components/sx127x/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sx127x/__init__.py
index 8fa7247192..34f2d4122f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sx127x/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sx127x/__init__.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import automation, pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi
@@ -5,6 +7,8 @@ from esphome.components.const import CONF_CRC_ENABLE, CONF_ON_PACKET
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_DATA, CONF_FREQUENCY, CONF_ID
 from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 MULTI_CONF = True
 CODEOWNERS = ["@swoboda1337"]
@@ -136,7 +140,7 @@ SetModeStandbyAction = sx127x_ns.class_(
 )
 
 
-def validate_raw_data(value):
+def validate_raw_data(value: Any) -> bytes | list[int]:
     if isinstance(value, str):
         return value.encode("utf-8")
     if isinstance(value, list):
@@ -146,7 +150,7 @@ def validate_raw_data(value):
     )
 
 
-def validate_config(config):
+def validate_config(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if config[CONF_MODULATION] == "LORA":
         bws = [
             "7_8kHz",
@@ -230,7 +234,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
@@ -312,7 +316,12 @@ NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA = automation.maybe_simple_id(
     NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def no_args_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def no_args_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
@@ -333,7 +342,12 @@ SEND_PACKET_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.maybe_simple_value(
     SEND_PACKET_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def send_packet_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def send_packet_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     data = config[CONF_DATA]
diff --git a/esphome/components/sx127x/packet_transport/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sx127x/packet_transport/__init__.py
index 2f3a0f6e2b..33204a7d83 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sx127x/packet_transport/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sx127x/packet_transport/__init__.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from esphome.components.packet_transport import (
 )
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.cpp_types import PollingComponent
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_SX127X_ID, SX127x, SX127xListener, sx127x_ns
 
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = transport_schema(SX127xTransport).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var, _ = await new_packet_transport(config)
     sx127x = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_SX127X_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_parent(sx127x))
diff --git a/esphome/components/sx127x/sx127x.cpp b/esphome/components/sx127x/sx127x.cpp
index 040a3064bc..cd81f08914 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sx127x/sx127x.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sx127x/sx127x.cpp
@@ -479,8 +479,9 @@ void SX127x::dump_config() {
                   "  Rx Start: %s\n"
                   "  Rx Floor: %.1f dBm\n"
                   "  Packet Mode: %s",
-                  shaping, this->modulation_ == MOD_FSK ? "FSK" : "OOK", this->bitrate_, TRUEFALSE(this->bitsync_),
-                  TRUEFALSE(this->rx_start_), this->rx_floor_, TRUEFALSE(this->packet_mode_));
+                  shaping, this->modulation_ == MOD_FSK ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("FSK") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("OOK"),
+                  this->bitrate_, TRUEFALSE(this->bitsync_), TRUEFALSE(this->rx_start_), this->rx_floor_,
+                  TRUEFALSE(this->packet_mode_));
     if (this->packet_mode_) {
       ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  CRC Enable: %s", TRUEFALSE(this->crc_enable_));
     }
diff --git a/esphome/components/sx1509/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sx1509/__init__.py
index b61b92fd1e..7694b8f732 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sx1509/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sx1509/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from esphome import automation, pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, key_provider
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_KEYS
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ID,
@@ -15,9 +16,10 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_PULLUP,
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_KEYPAD = "keypad"
-CONF_KEYS = "keys"
 CONF_KEY_ROWS = "key_rows"
 CONF_KEY_COLUMNS = "key_columns"
 CONF_SLEEP_TIME = "sleep_time"
@@ -40,7 +42,7 @@ SX1509KeyTrigger = sx1509_ns.class_(
 )
 
 
-def check_keys(config):
+def check_keys(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if (
         CONF_KEYS in config
         and len(config[CONF_KEYS]) != config[CONF_KEY_ROWS] * config[CONF_KEY_COLUMNS]
@@ -82,7 +84,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
@@ -104,7 +106,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             await automation.build_automation(trigger, [(cg.uint8, "x")], tconf)
 
 
-def validate_mode(value):
+def validate_mode(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if not (value[CONF_INPUT] or value[CONF_OUTPUT]):
         raise cv.Invalid("Mode must be either input or output")
     if value[CONF_INPUT] and value[CONF_OUTPUT]:
@@ -142,7 +144,7 @@ SX1509_PIN_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(CONF_SX1509, SX1509_PIN_SCHEMA)
-async def sx1509_pin_to_code(config):
+async def sx1509_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_SX1509])
     cg.add(var.set_parent(parent))
diff --git a/esphome/components/sx1509/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sx1509/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index 0ceca77a5d..154a841348 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sx1509/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sx1509/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_COL, CONF_ROW
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_SX1509_ID, SX1509Component, sx1509_ns
 
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(SX1509BinarySensor).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_SX1509_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_row_col(config[CONF_ROW], config[CONF_COL]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/sx1509/output/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sx1509/output/__init__.py
index 9e2db7bb10..aed5ab7dd4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sx1509/output/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sx1509/output/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_SX1509_ID, SX1509Component, sx1509_ns
 
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_SX1509_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sy6970/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sy6970/__init__.py
index 2390d046e4..cb9d64aee7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sy6970/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sy6970/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@linkedupbits"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(
         config[CONF_ID],
         config[CONF_ENABLE_STATUS_LED],
diff --git a/esphome/components/sy6970/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sy6970/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index 132b282051..c95850aadc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sy6970/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sy6970/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import DEVICE_CLASS_CONNECTIVITY, DEVICE_CLASS_POWER
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_SY6970_ID, SY6970Component, sy6970_ns
 
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_SY6970_ID])
 
     if vbus_connected_config := config.get(CONF_VBUS_CONNECTED):
diff --git a/esphome/components/sy6970/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sy6970/sensor/__init__.py
index e6ee9d1337..8f8090b6ee 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sy6970/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sy6970/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_MILLIAMP,
     UNIT_VOLT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_SY6970_ID, SY6970Component, sy6970_ns
 
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_SY6970_ID])
 
     if vbus_voltage_config := config.get(CONF_VBUS_VOLTAGE):
diff --git a/esphome/components/sy6970/text_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sy6970/text_sensor/__init__.py
index 2a4eb90811..03a55393b9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sy6970/text_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sy6970/text_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_SY6970_ID, SY6970Component, sy6970_ns
 
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_SY6970_ID])
 
     if bus_status_config := config.get(CONF_BUS_STATUS):
diff --git a/esphome/components/syslog/__init__.py b/esphome/components/syslog/__init__.py
index 08626404f7..bf7fe9a307 100644
--- a/esphome/components/syslog/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/syslog/__init__.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from esphome.components.udp import CONF_UDP_ID
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_LEVEL, CONF_PORT, CONF_TIME_ID
 from esphome.cpp_types import Component, Parented
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@clydebarrow"]
 
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = udp.UDP_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_UDP_ID])
     time = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_TIME_ID])
     cg.add(parent.set_broadcast_port(config[CONF_PORT]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/t6615/sensor.py b/esphome/components/t6615/sensor.py
index 9315e4a669..6f3ef372bc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/t6615/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/t6615/sensor.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@tylermenezes"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/tc74/sensor.py b/esphome/components/tc74/sensor.py
index 18a94016fb..3d26dc2377 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tc74/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tc74/sensor.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@sethgirvan"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/tca9548a/__init__.py b/esphome/components/tca9548a/__init__.py
index 72973a54ad..381b84cad6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tca9548a/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tca9548a/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_CHANNELS, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@andreashergert1984"]
 
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/tca9555/__init__.py b/esphome/components/tca9555/__init__.py
index 5f571fcea6..3033cc65e0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tca9555/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tca9555/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import i2c
+from esphome.components import gpio_expander, i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ID,
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_NUMBER,
     CONF_OUTPUT,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@mobrembski"]
 
@@ -28,7 +30,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(TCA9555Component),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_schema,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN): gpio_expander.validate_interrupt_pin,
         }
     )
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
@@ -36,7 +38,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
@@ -44,7 +46,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add(var.set_interrupt_pin(await cg.gpio_pin_expression(interrupt_pin)))
 
 
-def validate_mode(value):
+def validate_mode(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if not (value[CONF_INPUT] or value[CONF_OUTPUT]):
         raise cv.Invalid("Mode must be either input or output")
     if value[CONF_INPUT] and value[CONF_OUTPUT]:
@@ -66,7 +68,7 @@ TCA9555_PIN_SCHEMA = pins.gpio_base_schema(
 
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(CONF_TCA9555, TCA9555_PIN_SCHEMA)
-async def tca9555_pin_to_code(config):
+async def tca9555_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_TCA9555])
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/tcl112/climate.py b/esphome/components/tcl112/climate.py
index 58ed7ee529..c175b1ea80 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tcl112/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tcl112/climate.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@glmnet"]
@@ -10,5 +11,5 @@ Tcl112Climate = tcl112_ns.class_("Tcl112Climate", climate_ir.ClimateIR)
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(Tcl112Climate)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/tcs34725/sensor.py b/esphome/components/tcs34725/sensor.py
index 34b6c579b6..da6edfd62a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tcs34725/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tcs34725/sensor.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_LUX,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -103,7 +104,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/tee501/sensor.py b/esphome/components/tee501/sensor.py
index db8e8d9268..2d8853394c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tee501/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tee501/sensor.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@Stock-M"]
 
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/teleinfo/__init__.py b/esphome/components/teleinfo/__init__.py
index 87c7b9e85c..f9233511e1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/teleinfo/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/teleinfo/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@0hax"]
 MULTI_CONF = True
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], config[CONF_HISTORICAL_MODE])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/teleinfo/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/teleinfo/sensor/__init__.py
index 150484d97a..b51d4cb795 100644
--- a/esphome/components/teleinfo/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/teleinfo/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING,
     UNIT_WATT_HOURS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_TAG_NAME, CONF_TELEINFO_ID, TELEINFO_LISTENER_SCHEMA, teleinfo_ns
 
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = sensor.sensor_schema(
 ).extend(TELEINFO_LISTENER_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], config[CONF_TAG_NAME])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await sensor.register_sensor(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/teleinfo/text_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/teleinfo/text_sensor/__init__.py
index 79fabd10d0..0b6ff11d74 100644
--- a/esphome/components/teleinfo/text_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/teleinfo/text_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import text_sensor
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_TAG_NAME, CONF_TELEINFO_ID, TELEINFO_LISTENER_SCHEMA, teleinfo_ns
 
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = text_sensor.text_sensor_schema(TeleInfoTextSensor).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], config[CONF_TAG_NAME])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await text_sensor.register_text_sensor(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/tem3200/sensor.py b/esphome/components/tem3200/sensor.py
index 508dc1bcd4..289641f951 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tem3200/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tem3200/sensor.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@bakerkj"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/template/text/template_text.cpp b/esphome/components/template/text/template_text.cpp
index ffe11cf229..af134e6ed4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/template/text/template_text.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/template/text/template_text.cpp
@@ -20,14 +20,18 @@ void TemplateText::setup() {
 
   // Need std::string for pref_->setup() to fill from flash
   std::string value{this->initial_value_ != nullptr ? this->initial_value_ : ""};
-  uint32_t extra = 0;
-  extra += this->traits.get_min_length() << 2;
-  extra += this->traits.get_max_length() << 4;
-  extra += fnv1_hash(this->traits.get_pattern_c_str()) << 6;
-  // TextSaver::setup() picks the key for the platform and migrates old data once
-  uint32_t key = this->preference_key_base_() + extra;
-  uint32_t old_key = this->old_preference_key_base_() + extra;
-  this->pref_->setup(key, old_key, value);
+  // For future hash migration: use migrate_entity_preference_() with:
+  //   old_key = get_preference_hash() + extra
+  //   new_key = get_preference_hash_v2() + extra
+  // See: https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/85
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+  uint32_t key = this->get_preference_hash();
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+  key += this->traits.get_min_length() << 2;
+  key += this->traits.get_max_length() << 4;
+  key += fnv1_hash(this->traits.get_pattern_c_str()) << 6;
+  this->pref_->setup(key, value);
   if (!value.empty())
     this->publish_state(value);
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/template/text/template_text.h b/esphome/components/template/text/template_text.h
index beeea4396a..229a61d9b8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/template/text/template_text.h
+++ b/esphome/components/template/text/template_text.h
@@ -14,9 +14,7 @@ class TemplateTextSaverBase {
  public:
   virtual bool save(const std::string &value) { return true; }
 
-  /// old_id is the pre-2026.8.0 preference key; data stored under it is moved to id once.
-  /// See: https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/85
-  virtual void setup(uint32_t id, uint32_t old_id, std::string &value) {}
+  virtual void setup(uint32_t id, std::string &value) {}
 
  protected:
   ESPPreferenceObject pref_;
@@ -47,16 +45,11 @@ template<uint8_t SZ> class TextSaver : public TemplateTextSaverBase {
 
   // Make the preference object.  Fill the provided location with the saved data
   // If it is available, else leave it alone
-  void setup(uint32_t id, uint32_t old_id, std::string &value) override {
-    char temp[SZ + 1];
-#ifdef USE_PREFERENCE_KEY_LOOKUP
+  void setup(uint32_t id, std::string &value) override {
     this->pref_ = global_preferences->make_preference<uint8_t[SZ + 1]>(id);
-    bool hasdata = migrate_preference(this->pref_, reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(temp), SZ + 1, old_id, id);
-#else
-    // Slot-based backends keep the old key; it is only a validity tag on a positional slot
-    this->pref_ = global_preferences->make_preference<uint8_t[SZ + 1]>(old_id);
+
+    char temp[SZ + 1];
     bool hasdata = this->pref_.load(&temp);
-#endif
 
     if (hasdata) {
       size_t len = static_cast<uint8_t>(temp[0]);
diff --git a/esphome/components/text/__init__.py b/esphome/components/text/__init__.py
index 06b5a10892..e010e2c292 100644
--- a/esphome/components/text/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/text/__init__.py
@@ -13,13 +13,14 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_VALUE,
     CONF_WEB_SERVER,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import (
     entity_duplicate_validator,
     queue_entity_register,
     setup_entity,
 )
-from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, MockObjClass, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@mauritskorse"]
 IS_PLATFORM_COMPONENT = True
@@ -90,13 +91,13 @@ def text_schema(
 
 @setup_entity("text")
 async def setup_text_core_(
-    var,
-    config,
+    var: MockObj,
+    config: ConfigType,
     *,
     min_length: int | None,
     max_length: int | None,
     pattern: str | None,
-):
+) -> None:
     cg.add(var.traits.set_min_length(min_length))
     cg.add(var.traits.set_max_length(max_length))
     if pattern is not None:
@@ -117,13 +118,13 @@ async def setup_text_core_(
 
 
 async def register_text(
-    var,
-    config,
+    var: MockObj,
+    config: ConfigType,
     *,
     min_length: int | None = 0,
     max_length: int | None = 255,
     pattern: str | None = None,
-):
+) -> None:
     if not CORE.has_id(config[CONF_ID]):
         var = cg.Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], var)
     queue_entity_register("text", config)
@@ -134,12 +135,12 @@ async def register_text(
 
 
 async def new_text(
-    config,
+    config: ConfigType,
     *,
     min_length: int | None = 0,
     max_length: int | None = 255,
     pattern: str | None = None,
-):
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await register_text(
         var, config, min_length=min_length, max_length=max_length, pattern=pattern
@@ -148,7 +149,7 @@ async def new_text(
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.CORE)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_global(text_ns.using)
 
 
@@ -169,7 +170,12 @@ OPERATION_BASE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def text_set_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def text_set_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_VALUE], args, cg.std_string)
diff --git a/esphome/components/text/text.cpp b/esphome/components/text/text.cpp
index 032ea468e6..a1df6286c7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/text/text.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/text/text.cpp
@@ -8,10 +8,6 @@ namespace esphome::text {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "text";
 
-void Text::publish_state(const std::string &state) { this->publish_state(state.data(), state.size()); }
-
-void Text::publish_state(const char *state) { this->publish_state(state, strlen(state)); }
-
 void Text::publish_state(const char *state, size_t len) {
   this->set_has_state(true);
   // Only assign if changed to avoid heap allocation
diff --git a/esphome/components/text/text.h b/esphome/components/text/text.h
index eb6a68f998..54afb8db8f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/text/text.h
+++ b/esphome/components/text/text.h
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ class Text : public EntityBase {
   std::string state;
   TextTraits traits;
 
-  void publish_state(const std::string &state);
-  void publish_state(const char *state);
+  void publish_state(const std::string &state) { this->publish_state(state.data(), state.size()); }
+  void publish_state(const char *state) { this->publish_state(state, strlen(state)); }
   void publish_state(const char *state, size_t len);
 
   /// Instantiate a TextCall object to modify this text component's state.
diff --git a/esphome/components/text/text_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/text/text_sensor/__init__.py
index 5e45f10193..ab0e9bdcdc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/text/text_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/text/text_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_SOURCE_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import Text, text_ns
 
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     source = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_SOURCE_ID])
     var = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(config, source)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/text_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/text_sensor/__init__.py
index a3f4999a8f..29399a51b7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/text_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/text_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import mqtt, web_server
+from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_defines
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_DEVICE_CLASS,
@@ -256,3 +257,8 @@ async def text_sensor_state_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
     templ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_STATE], args, cg.std_string)
     cg.add(var.set_state(templ))
     return var
+
+
+FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_defines(
+    {"filter.cpp": "USE_TEXT_SENSOR_FILTER"}
+)
diff --git a/esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.cpp
index d2483619a6..17c606d253 100644
--- a/esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.cpp
@@ -18,10 +18,6 @@ void log_text_sensor(const char *tag, const char *prefix, const char *type, Text
   LOG_ENTITY_ICON(tag, prefix, *obj);
 }
 
-void TextSensor::publish_state(const std::string &state) { this->publish_state(state.data(), state.size()); }
-
-void TextSensor::publish_state(const char *state) { this->publish_state(state, strlen(state)); }
-
 void TextSensor::publish_state(const char *state, size_t len) {
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR_FILTER
   if (this->filter_list_ == nullptr) {
@@ -91,10 +87,6 @@ const std::string &TextSensor::get_raw_state() const {
 #endif
   return this->state;  // No filters, raw == filtered
 }
-void TextSensor::internal_send_state_to_frontend(const std::string &state) {
-  this->internal_send_state_to_frontend(state.data(), state.size());
-}
-
 void TextSensor::internal_send_state_to_frontend(const char *state, size_t len) {
   // Only assign if changed to avoid heap allocation
   if (len != this->state.size() || memcmp(state, this->state.data(), len) != 0) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.h b/esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.h
index aa48781f41..0e7364bf98 100644
--- a/esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.h
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ class TextSensor : public EntityBase {
   /// Returns the raw (pre-filter) state.
   const std::string &get_raw_state() const;
 
-  void publish_state(const std::string &state);
-  void publish_state(const char *state);
+  void publish_state(const std::string &state) { this->publish_state(state.data(), state.size()); }
+  void publish_state(const char *state) { this->publish_state(state, strlen(state)); }
   void publish_state(const char *state, size_t len);
 
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR_FILTER
@@ -70,7 +70,9 @@ class TextSensor : public EntityBase {
   // ========== INTERNAL METHODS ==========
   // (In most use cases you won't need these)
 
-  void internal_send_state_to_frontend(const std::string &state);
+  void internal_send_state_to_frontend(const std::string &state) {
+    this->internal_send_state_to_frontend(state.data(), state.size());
+  }
   void internal_send_state_to_frontend(const char *state, size_t len);
 
  protected:
diff --git a/esphome/components/thermopro_ble/sensor.py b/esphome/components/thermopro_ble/sensor.py
index de63229621..c660e5fcef 100644
--- a/esphome/components/thermopro_ble/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/thermopro_ble/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL,
@@ -19,17 +19,19 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_DECIBEL_MILLIWATT,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@sittner"]
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base"]
 
 thermopro_ble_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("thermopro_ble")
 ThermoProBLE = thermopro_ble_ns.class_(
-    "ThermoProBLE", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "ThermoProBLE", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("thermopro_ble"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(ThermoProBLE),
@@ -68,15 +70,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/thermopro_ble/thermopro_ble.cpp b/esphome/components/thermopro_ble/thermopro_ble.cpp
index 72e398f774..d10a6c33cd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/thermopro_ble/thermopro_ble.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/thermopro_ble/thermopro_ble.cpp
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 #include <cmath>
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::thermopro_ble {
 
 // this size must be large enough to hold the largest data frame
@@ -34,7 +32,7 @@ void ThermoProBLE::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Battery Level", this->battery_level_);
 }
 
-bool ThermoProBLE::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool ThermoProBLE::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   // check for matching mac address
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
@@ -66,8 +64,8 @@ bool ThermoProBLE::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
     }
 
     // reconstruct whole record from 2 byte uuid and data
-    esp_bt_uuid_t uuid = service_data.uuid.get_uuid();
-    uint8_t data[MAX_DATA_SIZE] = {static_cast<uint8_t>(uuid.uuid.uuid16), static_cast<uint8_t>(uuid.uuid.uuid16 >> 8)};
+    uint16_t svc_uuid16 = service_data.uuid.uuid16();
+    uint8_t data[MAX_DATA_SIZE] = {static_cast<uint8_t>(svc_uuid16), static_cast<uint8_t>(svc_uuid16 >> 8)};
     std::copy(service_data.data.begin(), service_data.data.end(), std::begin(data) + 2);
 
     // dispatch data to parser
@@ -202,5 +200,3 @@ static optional<ParseResult> parse_tp3(const uint8_t *data, std::size_t data_siz
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::thermopro_ble
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/thermopro_ble/thermopro_ble.h b/esphome/components/thermopro_ble/thermopro_ble.h
index ca04fbea39..1c05516e47 100644
--- a/esphome/components/thermopro_ble/thermopro_ble.h
+++ b/esphome/components/thermopro_ble/thermopro_ble.h
@@ -2,9 +2,7 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
-
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 
 namespace esphome::thermopro_ble {
 
@@ -17,11 +15,11 @@ struct ParseResult {
 
 using DeviceParser = optional<ParseResult> (*)(const uint8_t *data, std::size_t data_size);
 
-class ThermoProBLE final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class ThermoProBLE final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { this->address_ = address; };
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_signal_strength(sensor::Sensor *signal_strength) { this->signal_strength_ = signal_strength; }
   void set_temperature(sensor::Sensor *temperature) { this->temperature_ = temperature; }
@@ -45,5 +43,3 @@ class ThermoProBLE final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevi
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::thermopro_ble
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/thermostat/climate.py b/esphome/components/thermostat/climate.py
index d609e22ac2..3cc4dc7009 100644
--- a/esphome/components/thermostat/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/thermostat/climate.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate, sensor
@@ -70,6 +72,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TARGET_TEMPERATURE_CHANGE_ACTION,
     CONF_VISUAL,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_DEFAULT_PRESET = "default_preset"
 CONF_HUMIDITY_CONTROL_DEHUMIDIFY_ACTION = "humidity_control_dehumidify_action"
@@ -124,7 +127,12 @@ PRESET_CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-def validate_temperature_preset(preset, root_config, name, requirements):
+def validate_temperature_preset(
+    preset: ConfigType,
+    root_config: ConfigType,
+    name: str,
+    requirements: dict[str, list[str]],
+) -> None:
     # verify temperature settings for the provided preset / default / away configuration
     for config_temp, req_actions in requirements.items():
         for req_action in req_actions:
@@ -140,7 +148,7 @@ def validate_temperature_preset(preset, root_config, name, requirements):
                 )
 
 
-def generate_comparable_preset(config, name):
+def generate_comparable_preset(config: ConfigType, name: str) -> str:
     comparable_preset = f"{CONF_PRESET}:\n  -  {CONF_NAME}: {name}\n"
 
     if CONF_DEFAULT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE_LOW in config:
@@ -151,7 +159,7 @@ def generate_comparable_preset(config, name):
     return comparable_preset
 
 
-def validate_heat_cool_mode(value) -> list:
+def validate_heat_cool_mode(value: Any) -> list:
     """Validate heat_cool_mode - accepts either True or an automation."""
     if value is True:
         # Convert True to empty automation list
@@ -164,7 +172,7 @@ def validate_heat_cool_mode(value) -> list:
     return automation.validate_automation(single=True)(value)
 
 
-def validate_thermostat(config):
+def validate_thermostat(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     # verify corresponding action(s) exist(s) for any defined climate mode or action
     requirements = {
         CONF_HEAT_COOL_MODE: [
@@ -681,7 +689,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await climate.new_climate(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/thermostat/thermostat_climate.cpp b/esphome/components/thermostat/thermostat_climate.cpp
index 2390a96337..e830d359c6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/thermostat/thermostat_climate.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/thermostat/thermostat_climate.cpp
@@ -76,11 +76,6 @@ void ThermostatClimate::loop() {
   }
 }
 
-float ThermostatClimate::cool_deadband() { return this->cooling_deadband_; }
-float ThermostatClimate::cool_overrun() { return this->cooling_overrun_; }
-float ThermostatClimate::heat_deadband() { return this->heating_deadband_; }
-float ThermostatClimate::heat_overrun() { return this->heating_overrun_; }
-
 void ThermostatClimate::refresh() {
   this->switch_to_mode_(this->mode, false);
   this->switch_to_action_(this->compute_action_(), false);
@@ -121,8 +116,6 @@ bool ThermostatClimate::fan_mode_change_delayed() {
 
 climate::ClimateAction ThermostatClimate::delayed_climate_action() { return this->compute_action_(true); }
 
-climate::ClimateFanMode ThermostatClimate::locked_fan_mode() { return this->prev_fan_mode_; }
-
 bool ThermostatClimate::hysteresis_valid() {
   if ((this->supports_cool_ || (this->supports_fan_only_ && this->supports_fan_only_cooling_)) &&
       (std::isnan(this->cooling_deadband_) || std::isnan(this->cooling_overrun_)))
@@ -1286,10 +1279,6 @@ bool ThermostatClimate::change_preset_internal_(const ThermostatClimateTargetTem
   return something_changed;
 }
 
-void ThermostatClimate::set_preset_config(std::initializer_list<PresetEntry> presets) {
-  this->preset_config_ = presets;
-}
-
 void ThermostatClimate::set_custom_preset_config(std::initializer_list<CustomPresetEntry> presets) {
   this->custom_preset_config_ = presets;
   // Populate Climate base class custom presets vector
@@ -1317,19 +1306,6 @@ void ThermostatClimate::set_default_preset(const char *custom_preset) {
 
 void ThermostatClimate::set_default_preset(climate::ClimatePreset preset) { this->default_preset_ = preset; }
 
-void ThermostatClimate::set_on_boot_restore_from(thermostat::OnBootRestoreFrom on_boot_restore_from) {
-  this->on_boot_restore_from_ = on_boot_restore_from;
-}
-void ThermostatClimate::set_set_point_minimum_differential(float differential) {
-  this->set_point_minimum_differential_ = differential;
-}
-void ThermostatClimate::set_cool_deadband(float deadband) { this->cooling_deadband_ = deadband; }
-void ThermostatClimate::set_cool_overrun(float overrun) { this->cooling_overrun_ = overrun; }
-void ThermostatClimate::set_heat_deadband(float deadband) { this->heating_deadband_ = deadband; }
-void ThermostatClimate::set_heat_overrun(float overrun) { this->heating_overrun_ = overrun; }
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supplemental_cool_delta(float delta) { this->supplemental_cool_delta_ = delta; }
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supplemental_heat_delta(float delta) { this->supplemental_heat_delta_ = delta; }
-
 void ThermostatClimate::set_timer_duration_in_sec_(ThermostatClimateTimerIndex timer_index, uint32_t time) {
   uint32_t new_duration_ms = 1000 * (time < this->min_timer_duration_ ? this->min_timer_duration_ : time);
 
@@ -1389,80 +1365,9 @@ void ThermostatClimate::set_heating_minimum_run_time_in_sec(uint32_t time) {
 void ThermostatClimate::set_idle_minimum_time_in_sec(uint32_t time) {
   this->set_timer_duration_in_sec_(thermostat::THERMOSTAT_TIMER_IDLE_ON, time);
 }
-void ThermostatClimate::set_sensor(sensor::Sensor *sensor) { this->sensor_ = sensor; }
-void ThermostatClimate::set_humidity_sensor(sensor::Sensor *humidity_sensor) {
-  this->humidity_sensor_ = humidity_sensor;
-}
 void ThermostatClimate::set_humidity_hysteresis(float humidity_hysteresis) {
   this->humidity_hysteresis_ = std::clamp<float>(humidity_hysteresis, 0.0f, 100.0f);
 }
-void ThermostatClimate::set_use_startup_delay(bool use_startup_delay) { this->use_startup_delay_ = use_startup_delay; }
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_heat_cool(bool supports_heat_cool) {
-  this->supports_heat_cool_ = supports_heat_cool;
-}
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_auto(bool supports_auto) { this->supports_auto_ = supports_auto; }
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_cool(bool supports_cool) { this->supports_cool_ = supports_cool; }
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_dry(bool supports_dry) { this->supports_dry_ = supports_dry; }
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_fan_only(bool supports_fan_only) { this->supports_fan_only_ = supports_fan_only; }
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_fan_only_action_uses_fan_mode_timer(
-    bool supports_fan_only_action_uses_fan_mode_timer) {
-  this->supports_fan_only_action_uses_fan_mode_timer_ = supports_fan_only_action_uses_fan_mode_timer;
-}
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_fan_only_cooling(bool supports_fan_only_cooling) {
-  this->supports_fan_only_cooling_ = supports_fan_only_cooling;
-}
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_fan_with_cooling(bool supports_fan_with_cooling) {
-  this->supports_fan_with_cooling_ = supports_fan_with_cooling;
-}
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_fan_with_heating(bool supports_fan_with_heating) {
-  this->supports_fan_with_heating_ = supports_fan_with_heating;
-}
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_heat(bool supports_heat) { this->supports_heat_ = supports_heat; }
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_fan_mode_on(bool supports_fan_mode_on) {
-  this->supports_fan_mode_on_ = supports_fan_mode_on;
-}
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_fan_mode_off(bool supports_fan_mode_off) {
-  this->supports_fan_mode_off_ = supports_fan_mode_off;
-}
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_fan_mode_auto(bool supports_fan_mode_auto) {
-  this->supports_fan_mode_auto_ = supports_fan_mode_auto;
-}
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_fan_mode_low(bool supports_fan_mode_low) {
-  this->supports_fan_mode_low_ = supports_fan_mode_low;
-}
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_fan_mode_medium(bool supports_fan_mode_medium) {
-  this->supports_fan_mode_medium_ = supports_fan_mode_medium;
-}
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_fan_mode_high(bool supports_fan_mode_high) {
-  this->supports_fan_mode_high_ = supports_fan_mode_high;
-}
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_fan_mode_middle(bool supports_fan_mode_middle) {
-  this->supports_fan_mode_middle_ = supports_fan_mode_middle;
-}
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_fan_mode_focus(bool supports_fan_mode_focus) {
-  this->supports_fan_mode_focus_ = supports_fan_mode_focus;
-}
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_fan_mode_diffuse(bool supports_fan_mode_diffuse) {
-  this->supports_fan_mode_diffuse_ = supports_fan_mode_diffuse;
-}
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_fan_mode_quiet(bool supports_fan_mode_quiet) {
-  this->supports_fan_mode_quiet_ = supports_fan_mode_quiet;
-}
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_swing_mode_both(bool supports_swing_mode_both) {
-  this->supports_swing_mode_both_ = supports_swing_mode_both;
-}
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_swing_mode_off(bool supports_swing_mode_off) {
-  this->supports_swing_mode_off_ = supports_swing_mode_off;
-}
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_swing_mode_horizontal(bool supports_swing_mode_horizontal) {
-  this->supports_swing_mode_horizontal_ = supports_swing_mode_horizontal;
-}
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_swing_mode_vertical(bool supports_swing_mode_vertical) {
-  this->supports_swing_mode_vertical_ = supports_swing_mode_vertical;
-}
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_two_points(bool supports_two_points) {
-  this->supports_two_points_ = supports_two_points;
-}
 void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_dehumidification(bool supports_dehumidification) {
   this->supports_dehumidification_ = supports_dehumidification;
   if (supports_dehumidification) {
@@ -1527,7 +1432,8 @@ void ThermostatClimate::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "  On boot, restore from: %s\n"
                 "  Use Start-up Delay: %s",
-                this->on_boot_restore_from_ == thermostat::DEFAULT_PRESET ? "DEFAULT_PRESET" : "MEMORY",
+                this->on_boot_restore_from_ == thermostat::DEFAULT_PRESET ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("DEFAULT_PRESET")
+                                                                          : LOG_STR_LITERAL("MEMORY"),
                 YESNO(this->use_startup_delay_));
   if (this->supports_two_points_) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Minimum Set Point Differential: %.1f°C", this->set_point_minimum_differential_);
@@ -1645,7 +1551,8 @@ void ThermostatClimate::dump_config() {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Supported PRESETS:");
     for (const auto &entry : this->preset_config_) {
       const auto *preset_name = LOG_STR_ARG(climate::climate_preset_to_string(entry.preset));
-      ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "    %s:%s", preset_name, entry.preset == this->default_preset_ ? " (default)" : "");
+      ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "    %s:%s", preset_name,
+                    entry.preset == this->default_preset_ ? LOG_STR_LITERAL(" (default)") : "");
       this->dump_preset_config_(preset_name, entry.config);
     }
   }
@@ -1656,7 +1563,7 @@ void ThermostatClimate::dump_config() {
       const auto *preset_name = entry.name;
       ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "    %s:%s", preset_name,
                     (this->default_custom_preset_ != nullptr && strcmp(entry.name, this->default_custom_preset_) == 0)
-                        ? " (default)"
+                        ? LOG_STR_LITERAL(" (default)")
                         : "");
       this->dump_preset_config_(preset_name, entry.config);
     }
diff --git a/esphome/components/thermostat/thermostat_climate.h b/esphome/components/thermostat/thermostat_climate.h
index f30659a8a6..4dc2a74d8e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/thermostat/thermostat_climate.h
+++ b/esphome/components/thermostat/thermostat_climate.h
@@ -93,14 +93,16 @@ class ThermostatClimate final : public climate::Climate, public Component {
 
   void set_default_preset(const char *custom_preset);
   void set_default_preset(climate::ClimatePreset preset);
-  void set_on_boot_restore_from(OnBootRestoreFrom on_boot_restore_from);
-  void set_set_point_minimum_differential(float differential);
-  void set_cool_deadband(float deadband);
-  void set_cool_overrun(float overrun);
-  void set_heat_deadband(float deadband);
-  void set_heat_overrun(float overrun);
-  void set_supplemental_cool_delta(float delta);
-  void set_supplemental_heat_delta(float delta);
+  void set_on_boot_restore_from(thermostat::OnBootRestoreFrom on_boot_restore_from) {
+    this->on_boot_restore_from_ = on_boot_restore_from;
+  }
+  void set_set_point_minimum_differential(float differential) { this->set_point_minimum_differential_ = differential; }
+  void set_cool_deadband(float deadband) { this->cooling_deadband_ = deadband; }
+  void set_cool_overrun(float overrun) { this->cooling_overrun_ = overrun; }
+  void set_heat_deadband(float deadband) { this->heating_deadband_ = deadband; }
+  void set_heat_overrun(float overrun) { this->heating_overrun_ = overrun; }
+  void set_supplemental_cool_delta(float delta) { this->supplemental_cool_delta_ = delta; }
+  void set_supplemental_heat_delta(float delta) { this->supplemental_heat_delta_ = delta; }
   void set_cooling_maximum_run_time_in_sec(uint32_t time);
   void set_heating_maximum_run_time_in_sec(uint32_t time);
   void set_cooling_minimum_off_time_in_sec(uint32_t time);
@@ -111,39 +113,69 @@ class ThermostatClimate final : public climate::Climate, public Component {
   void set_heating_minimum_off_time_in_sec(uint32_t time);
   void set_heating_minimum_run_time_in_sec(uint32_t time);
   void set_idle_minimum_time_in_sec(uint32_t time);
-  void set_sensor(sensor::Sensor *sensor);
-  void set_humidity_sensor(sensor::Sensor *humidity_sensor);
+  void set_sensor(sensor::Sensor *sensor) { this->sensor_ = sensor; }
+  void set_humidity_sensor(sensor::Sensor *humidity_sensor) { this->humidity_sensor_ = humidity_sensor; }
   void set_humidity_hysteresis(float humidity_hysteresis);
-  void set_use_startup_delay(bool use_startup_delay);
-  void set_supports_auto(bool supports_auto);
-  void set_supports_heat_cool(bool supports_heat_cool);
-  void set_supports_cool(bool supports_cool);
-  void set_supports_dry(bool supports_dry);
-  void set_supports_fan_only(bool supports_fan_only);
-  void set_supports_fan_only_action_uses_fan_mode_timer(bool fan_only_action_uses_fan_mode_timer);
-  void set_supports_fan_only_cooling(bool supports_fan_only_cooling);
-  void set_supports_fan_with_cooling(bool supports_fan_with_cooling);
-  void set_supports_fan_with_heating(bool supports_fan_with_heating);
-  void set_supports_heat(bool supports_heat);
-  void set_supports_fan_mode_on(bool supports_fan_mode_on);
-  void set_supports_fan_mode_off(bool supports_fan_mode_off);
-  void set_supports_fan_mode_auto(bool supports_fan_mode_auto);
-  void set_supports_fan_mode_low(bool supports_fan_mode_low);
-  void set_supports_fan_mode_medium(bool supports_fan_mode_medium);
-  void set_supports_fan_mode_high(bool supports_fan_mode_high);
-  void set_supports_fan_mode_middle(bool supports_fan_mode_middle);
-  void set_supports_fan_mode_focus(bool supports_fan_mode_focus);
-  void set_supports_fan_mode_diffuse(bool supports_fan_mode_diffuse);
-  void set_supports_fan_mode_quiet(bool supports_fan_mode_quiet);
-  void set_supports_swing_mode_both(bool supports_swing_mode_both);
-  void set_supports_swing_mode_horizontal(bool supports_swing_mode_horizontal);
-  void set_supports_swing_mode_off(bool supports_swing_mode_off);
-  void set_supports_swing_mode_vertical(bool supports_swing_mode_vertical);
+  void set_use_startup_delay(bool use_startup_delay) { this->use_startup_delay_ = use_startup_delay; }
+  void set_supports_auto(bool supports_auto) { this->supports_auto_ = supports_auto; }
+  void set_supports_heat_cool(bool supports_heat_cool) { this->supports_heat_cool_ = supports_heat_cool; }
+  void set_supports_cool(bool supports_cool) { this->supports_cool_ = supports_cool; }
+  void set_supports_dry(bool supports_dry) { this->supports_dry_ = supports_dry; }
+  void set_supports_fan_only(bool supports_fan_only) { this->supports_fan_only_ = supports_fan_only; }
+  void set_supports_fan_only_action_uses_fan_mode_timer(bool supports_fan_only_action_uses_fan_mode_timer) {
+    this->supports_fan_only_action_uses_fan_mode_timer_ = supports_fan_only_action_uses_fan_mode_timer;
+  }
+  void set_supports_fan_only_cooling(bool supports_fan_only_cooling) {
+    this->supports_fan_only_cooling_ = supports_fan_only_cooling;
+  }
+  void set_supports_fan_with_cooling(bool supports_fan_with_cooling) {
+    this->supports_fan_with_cooling_ = supports_fan_with_cooling;
+  }
+  void set_supports_fan_with_heating(bool supports_fan_with_heating) {
+    this->supports_fan_with_heating_ = supports_fan_with_heating;
+  }
+  void set_supports_heat(bool supports_heat) { this->supports_heat_ = supports_heat; }
+  void set_supports_fan_mode_on(bool supports_fan_mode_on) { this->supports_fan_mode_on_ = supports_fan_mode_on; }
+  void set_supports_fan_mode_off(bool supports_fan_mode_off) { this->supports_fan_mode_off_ = supports_fan_mode_off; }
+  void set_supports_fan_mode_auto(bool supports_fan_mode_auto) {
+    this->supports_fan_mode_auto_ = supports_fan_mode_auto;
+  }
+  void set_supports_fan_mode_low(bool supports_fan_mode_low) { this->supports_fan_mode_low_ = supports_fan_mode_low; }
+  void set_supports_fan_mode_medium(bool supports_fan_mode_medium) {
+    this->supports_fan_mode_medium_ = supports_fan_mode_medium;
+  }
+  void set_supports_fan_mode_high(bool supports_fan_mode_high) {
+    this->supports_fan_mode_high_ = supports_fan_mode_high;
+  }
+  void set_supports_fan_mode_middle(bool supports_fan_mode_middle) {
+    this->supports_fan_mode_middle_ = supports_fan_mode_middle;
+  }
+  void set_supports_fan_mode_focus(bool supports_fan_mode_focus) {
+    this->supports_fan_mode_focus_ = supports_fan_mode_focus;
+  }
+  void set_supports_fan_mode_diffuse(bool supports_fan_mode_diffuse) {
+    this->supports_fan_mode_diffuse_ = supports_fan_mode_diffuse;
+  }
+  void set_supports_fan_mode_quiet(bool supports_fan_mode_quiet) {
+    this->supports_fan_mode_quiet_ = supports_fan_mode_quiet;
+  }
+  void set_supports_swing_mode_both(bool supports_swing_mode_both) {
+    this->supports_swing_mode_both_ = supports_swing_mode_both;
+  }
+  void set_supports_swing_mode_horizontal(bool supports_swing_mode_horizontal) {
+    this->supports_swing_mode_horizontal_ = supports_swing_mode_horizontal;
+  }
+  void set_supports_swing_mode_off(bool supports_swing_mode_off) {
+    this->supports_swing_mode_off_ = supports_swing_mode_off;
+  }
+  void set_supports_swing_mode_vertical(bool supports_swing_mode_vertical) {
+    this->supports_swing_mode_vertical_ = supports_swing_mode_vertical;
+  }
   void set_supports_dehumidification(bool supports_dehumidification);
   void set_supports_humidification(bool supports_humidification);
-  void set_supports_two_points(bool supports_two_points);
+  void set_supports_two_points(bool supports_two_points) { this->supports_two_points_ = supports_two_points; }
 
-  void set_preset_config(std::initializer_list<PresetEntry> presets);
+  void set_preset_config(std::initializer_list<PresetEntry> presets) { this->preset_config_ = presets; }
   void set_custom_preset_config(std::initializer_list<CustomPresetEntry> presets);
 
   Trigger<> *get_cool_action_trigger();
@@ -181,10 +213,10 @@ class ThermostatClimate final : public climate::Climate, public Component {
   Trigger<> *get_humidity_control_humidify_action_trigger();
   Trigger<> *get_humidity_control_off_action_trigger();
   /// Get current hysteresis values
-  float cool_deadband();
-  float cool_overrun();
-  float heat_deadband();
-  float heat_overrun();
+  float cool_deadband() { return this->cooling_deadband_; }
+  float cool_overrun() { return this->cooling_overrun_; }
+  float heat_deadband() { return this->heating_deadband_; }
+  float heat_overrun() { return this->heating_overrun_; }
   /// Call triggers based on updated climate states (modes/actions)
   void refresh();
   /// Returns true if a climate action/fan mode transition is being delayed
@@ -193,7 +225,7 @@ class ThermostatClimate final : public climate::Climate, public Component {
   /// Returns the climate action that is being delayed (check climate_action_change_delayed(), first!)
   climate::ClimateAction delayed_climate_action();
   /// Returns the fan mode that is locked in (check fan_mode_change_delayed(), first!)
-  climate::ClimateFanMode locked_fan_mode();
+  climate::ClimateFanMode locked_fan_mode() { return this->prev_fan_mode_; }
   /// Set point and hysteresis validation
   bool hysteresis_valid();               // returns true if valid
   bool humidity_hysteresis_valid();      // returns true if valid
diff --git a/esphome/components/time/__init__.py b/esphome/components/time/__init__.py
index 35fad0a450..ecc448a96a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/time/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/time/__init__.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome import automation
 from esphome.automation import Condition
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components.zephyr import zephyr_add_prj_conf
+from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_defines
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_AT,
@@ -36,6 +37,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     PLATFORM_RTL87XX,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, EsphomeError, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.helpers import cpp_string_escape
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -411,19 +413,25 @@ async def setup_time_core_(time_var, config):
         cg.add_define("USE_TIME_TIMEZONE")
 
         if CORE.is_host:
-            # Host platform needs setenv("TZ")/tzset() for libc compatibility
-            cg.add(time_var.set_timezone(timezone))
-        else:
-            # Embedded: pre-parse at codegen time, emit struct directly
-            from aioesphomeapi.posix_tz import parse_posix_tz as parse_posix_tz_python
+            # Host platform also needs setenv("TZ")/tzset() for libc compatibility
+            cg.add(cg.RawExpression(f'setenv("TZ", {cpp_string_escape(timezone)}, 1)'))
+            cg.add(cg.RawExpression("tzset()"))
 
-            try:
-                parsed = parse_posix_tz_python(timezone)
-                _emit_parsed_timezone_fields(parsed)
-            except ValueError as e:
-                raise EsphomeError(f"Invalid timezone: {timezone}") from e
+        # Pre-parse at codegen time, emit struct directly
+        from aioesphomeapi.posix_tz import parse_posix_tz as parse_posix_tz_python
 
-    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_TIME, []):
+        try:
+            parsed = parse_posix_tz_python(timezone)
+        except ValueError as e:
+            raise EsphomeError(f"Invalid timezone: {timezone}") from e
+        _emit_parsed_timezone_fields(parsed)
+
+    on_time = config.get(CONF_ON_TIME, [])
+    on_time_sync = config.get(CONF_ON_TIME_SYNC, [])
+    if on_time or on_time_sync:
+        cg.add_define("USE_TIME_TRIGGERS")
+
+    for conf in on_time:
         trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], time_var)
 
         seconds = conf.get(CONF_SECONDS, list(range(61)))
@@ -442,7 +450,7 @@ async def setup_time_core_(time_var, config):
         await cg.register_component(trigger, conf)
         await automation.build_automation(trigger, [], conf)
 
-    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_TIME_SYNC, []):
+    for conf in on_time_sync:
         trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], time_var)
 
         await cg.register_component(trigger, conf)
@@ -473,3 +481,14 @@ async def to_code(config):
 async def time_has_time_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg, paren)
+
+
+# posix_tz.cpp is fully #ifdef'd on USE_TIME_TIMEZONE, set only when a
+# timezone is configured or detected; automation.cpp holds the on_time and
+# on_time_sync triggers and is #ifdef'd on USE_TIME_TRIGGERS.
+FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_defines(
+    {
+        "posix_tz.cpp": "USE_TIME_TIMEZONE",
+        "automation.cpp": "USE_TIME_TRIGGERS",
+    }
+)
diff --git a/esphome/components/time/automation.cpp b/esphome/components/time/automation.cpp
index 3242669343..b91f8b0360 100644
--- a/esphome/components/time/automation.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/time/automation.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "automation.h"
+#ifdef USE_TIME_TRIGGERS
 
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
@@ -98,3 +99,5 @@ SyncTrigger::SyncTrigger(RealTimeClock *rtc) : rtc_(rtc) {
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::time
+
+#endif  // USE_TIME_TRIGGERS
diff --git a/esphome/components/time/automation.h b/esphome/components/time/automation.h
index 7be195903a..5f980690a4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/time/automation.h
+++ b/esphome/components/time/automation.h
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#ifdef USE_TIME_TRIGGERS
+
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/time.h"
@@ -49,3 +52,5 @@ class SyncTrigger final : public Trigger<>, public Component {
   RealTimeClock *rtc_;
 };
 }  // namespace esphome::time
+
+#endif  // USE_TIME_TRIGGERS
diff --git a/esphome/components/time/posix_tz.cpp b/esphome/components/time/posix_tz.cpp
index c25248e457..002aadfec3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/time/posix_tz.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/time/posix_tz.cpp
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 #ifdef USE_TIME_TIMEZONE
 
 #include "posix_tz.h"
-#include <cctype>
 #include <cstdio>
 
 namespace esphome::time {
@@ -18,17 +17,6 @@ const ParsedTimezone &get_global_tz() { return global_tz_; }
 
 namespace internal {
 
-// Remove before 2026.9.0: parse_uint, skip_tz_name, parse_offset, parse_dst_rule,
-// and parse_transition_time are only used by parse_posix_tz() (bridge code).
-static uint32_t parse_uint(const char *&p) {
-  uint32_t value = 0;
-  while (std::isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(*p))) {
-    value = value * 10 + (*p - '0');
-    p++;
-  }
-  return value;
-}
-
 bool is_leap_year(int year) { return (year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0) || (year % 400 == 0); }
 
 // Get days in year (avoids duplicate is_leap_year calls)
@@ -140,62 +128,6 @@ void __attribute__((noinline)) epoch_to_tm_utc(time_t epoch, struct tm *out_tm)
   out_tm->tm_isdst = 0;
 }
 
-bool skip_tz_name(const char *&p) {
-  if (*p == '<') {
-    // Angle-bracket quoted name: <+07>, <-03>, <AEST>
-    p++;  // skip '<'
-    while (*p && *p != '>') {
-      p++;
-    }
-    if (*p == '>') {
-      p++;  // skip '>'
-      return true;
-    }
-    return false;  // Unterminated
-  }
-
-  // Standard name: 3+ letters
-  const char *start = p;
-  while (*p && std::isalpha(static_cast<unsigned char>(*p))) {
-    p++;
-  }
-  return (p - start) >= 3;
-}
-
-int32_t __attribute__((noinline)) parse_offset(const char *&p) {
-  int sign = 1;
-  if (*p == '-') {
-    sign = -1;
-    p++;
-  } else if (*p == '+') {
-    p++;
-  }
-
-  int hours = parse_uint(p);
-  int minutes = 0;
-  int seconds = 0;
-
-  if (*p == ':') {
-    p++;
-    minutes = parse_uint(p);
-    if (*p == ':') {
-      p++;
-      seconds = parse_uint(p);
-    }
-  }
-
-  return sign * (hours * 3600 + minutes * 60 + seconds);
-}
-
-// Helper to parse the optional /time suffix (reuses parse_offset logic)
-static void parse_transition_time(const char *&p, DSTRule &rule) {
-  rule.time_seconds = 2 * 3600;  // Default 02:00
-  if (*p == '/') {
-    p++;
-    rule.time_seconds = parse_offset(p);
-  }
-}
-
 void __attribute__((noinline)) julian_to_month_day(int julian_day, int &out_month, int &out_day) {
   // J format: day 1-365, Feb 29 is NOT counted even in leap years
   // So day 60 is always March 1
@@ -236,59 +168,6 @@ void __attribute__((noinline)) day_of_year_to_month_day(int day_of_year, int yea
   out_day = 31;
 }
 
-bool parse_dst_rule(const char *&p, DSTRule &rule) {
-  rule = {};  // Zero initialize
-
-  if (*p == 'M' || *p == 'm') {
-    // M format: Mm.w.d (month.week.day)
-    rule.type = DSTRuleType::MONTH_WEEK_DAY;
-    p++;
-
-    rule.month = parse_uint(p);
-    if (rule.month < 1 || rule.month > 12)
-      return false;
-
-    if (*p++ != '.')
-      return false;
-
-    rule.week = parse_uint(p);
-    if (rule.week < 1 || rule.week > 5)
-      return false;
-
-    if (*p++ != '.')
-      return false;
-
-    rule.day_of_week = parse_uint(p);
-    if (rule.day_of_week > 6)
-      return false;
-
-  } else if (*p == 'J' || *p == 'j') {
-    // J format: Jn (Julian day 1-365, not counting Feb 29)
-    rule.type = DSTRuleType::JULIAN_NO_LEAP;
-    p++;
-
-    rule.day = parse_uint(p);
-    if (rule.day < 1 || rule.day > 365)
-      return false;
-
-  } else if (std::isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(*p))) {
-    // Plain number format: n (day 0-365, counting Feb 29)
-    rule.type = DSTRuleType::DAY_OF_YEAR;
-
-    rule.day = parse_uint(p);
-    if (rule.day > 365)
-      return false;
-
-  } else {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  // Parse optional /time suffix
-  parse_transition_time(p, rule);
-
-  return true;
-}
-
 // Calculate days from Jan 1 of given year to given month/day
 static int __attribute__((noinline)) days_from_year_start(int year, int month, int day) {
   int days = day - 1;
@@ -299,7 +178,8 @@ static int __attribute__((noinline)) days_from_year_start(int year, int month, i
 }
 
 time_t __attribute__((noinline)) calculate_dst_transition(int year, const DSTRule &rule, int32_t base_offset_seconds) {
-  int month, day;
+  int month = 1;
+  int day = 1;
 
   switch (rule.type) {
     case DSTRuleType::MONTH_WEEK_DAY: {
@@ -373,83 +253,6 @@ bool __attribute__((noinline)) is_in_dst(time_t utc_epoch, const ParsedTimezone
   }
 }
 
-// Remove before 2026.9.0: This parser is bridge code for backward compatibility with
-// older Home Assistant clients that send the timezone as a POSIX TZ string instead of
-// the pre-parsed ParsedTimezone protobuf struct. Once all clients send the struct
-// directly, this function and the parsing helpers above (skip_tz_name, parse_offset,
-// parse_dst_rule, parse_transition_time) can be removed.
-// See https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/91
-bool parse_posix_tz(const char *tz_string, ParsedTimezone &result) {
-  if (!tz_string || !*tz_string) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  const char *p = tz_string;
-
-  // Initialize result (dst_start/dst_end default to type=NONE, so has_dst() returns false)
-  result.std_offset_seconds = 0;
-  result.dst_offset_seconds = 0;
-  result.dst_start = {};
-  result.dst_end = {};
-
-  // Skip standard timezone name
-  if (!internal::skip_tz_name(p)) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  // Parse standard offset (required)
-  if (!*p || (!std::isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(*p)) && *p != '+' && *p != '-')) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  result.std_offset_seconds = internal::parse_offset(p);
-
-  // Check for DST name
-  if (!*p) {
-    return true;  // No DST
-  }
-
-  // If next char is comma, there's no DST name but there are rules (invalid)
-  if (*p == ',') {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  // Check if there's something that looks like a DST name start
-  // (letter or angle bracket). If not, treat as trailing garbage and return success.
-  if (!std::isalpha(static_cast<unsigned char>(*p)) && *p != '<') {
-    return true;  // No DST, trailing characters ignored
-  }
-
-  if (!internal::skip_tz_name(p)) {
-    return false;  // Invalid DST name (started but malformed)
-  }
-
-  // Optional DST offset (default is std - 1 hour)
-  if (*p && *p != ',' && (std::isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(*p)) || *p == '+' || *p == '-')) {
-    result.dst_offset_seconds = internal::parse_offset(p);
-  } else {
-    result.dst_offset_seconds = result.std_offset_seconds - 3600;
-  }
-
-  // Parse DST rules (required when DST name is present)
-  if (*p != ',') {
-    // DST name without rules - treat as no DST since we can't determine transitions
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  p++;
-  if (!internal::parse_dst_rule(p, result.dst_start)) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  // Second rule is required per POSIX
-  if (*p != ',') {
-    return false;
-  }
-  p++;
-  // has_dst() now returns true since dst_start.type was set by parse_dst_rule
-  return internal::parse_dst_rule(p, result.dst_end);
-}
-
 // Format a POSIX offset (positive = west) as "+HHMM" / "-HHMM" for display.
 // Convention: negate POSIX sign so east-of-UTC is positive (ISO 8601 / RFC 2822).
 void format_designation(int32_t posix_offset, char *buf, size_t buf_size) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/time/posix_tz.h b/esphome/components/time/posix_tz.h
index be1ddfd689..249f597166 100644
--- a/esphome/components/time/posix_tz.h
+++ b/esphome/components/time/posix_tz.h
@@ -39,28 +39,6 @@ struct ParsedTimezone {
 /// Format a POSIX offset as "+HHMM"/"-HHMM" into buf (must be >= 6 bytes).
 void format_designation(int32_t posix_offset, char *buf, size_t buf_size);
 
-/// Parse a POSIX TZ string into a ParsedTimezone struct.
-///
-/// @deprecated Remove before 2026.9.0 (bridge code for backward compatibility).
-/// This parser only exists so that older Home Assistant clients that send the timezone
-/// as a string (instead of the pre-parsed ParsedTimezone protobuf struct) can still
-/// set the timezone on the device. Once all clients are updated to send the struct
-/// directly, this function and all internal parsing helpers will be removed.
-/// See https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/91
-///
-/// Supports formats like:
-///   - "EST5" (simple offset, no DST)
-///   - "EST5EDT,M3.2.0,M11.1.0" (with DST, M-format rules)
-///   - "CST6CDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2" (with transition times)
-///   - "<+07>-7" (angle-bracket notation for special names)
-///   - "IST-5:30" (half-hour offsets)
-///   - "EST5EDT,J60,J300" (J-format: Julian day without leap day)
-///   - "EST5EDT,60,300" (plain day number: day of year with leap day)
-/// @param tz_string The POSIX TZ string to parse
-/// @param result Output: the parsed timezone data
-/// @return true if parsing succeeded, false on error
-bool parse_posix_tz(const char *tz_string, ParsedTimezone &result);
-
 /// Convert a UTC epoch to local time using the parsed timezone.
 /// This replaces libc's localtime() to avoid scanf dependency.
 /// @param utc_epoch Unix timestamp in UTC
@@ -70,8 +48,7 @@ bool parse_posix_tz(const char *tz_string, ParsedTimezone &result);
 bool epoch_to_local_tm(time_t utc_epoch, const ParsedTimezone &tz, struct tm *out_tm);
 
 /// Set the global timezone used by epoch_to_local_tm() when called without a timezone.
-/// This is called by RealTimeClock::apply_timezone_() to enable ESPTime::from_epoch_local()
-/// to work without libc's localtime().
+/// This enables ESPTime::from_epoch_local() to work without libc's localtime().
 void set_global_tz(const ParsedTimezone &tz);
 
 /// Get the global timezone.
@@ -84,29 +61,9 @@ const ParsedTimezone &get_global_tz();
 bool is_in_dst(time_t utc_epoch, const ParsedTimezone &tz);
 
 // Internal helper functions exposed for testing.
-// Remove before 2026.9.0: skip_tz_name, parse_offset, parse_dst_rule are only
-// used by parse_posix_tz() which is bridge code for backward compatibility.
-// The remaining helpers (epoch_to_tm_utc, day_of_week, days_in_month, etc.)
-// are used by the conversion functions and will stay.
 
 namespace internal {
 
-/// Skip a timezone name (letters or <...> quoted format)
-/// @param p Pointer to current position, updated on return
-/// @return true if a valid name was found
-bool skip_tz_name(const char *&p);
-
-/// Parse an offset in format [-]hh[:mm[:ss]]
-/// @param p Pointer to current position, updated on return
-/// @return Offset in seconds
-int32_t parse_offset(const char *&p);
-
-/// Parse a DST rule in format Mm.w.d[/time], Jn[/time], or n[/time]
-/// @param p Pointer to current position, updated on return
-/// @param rule Output: the parsed rule
-/// @return true if parsing succeeded
-bool parse_dst_rule(const char *&p, DSTRule &rule);
-
 /// Convert Julian day (J format, 1-365 not counting Feb 29) to month/day
 /// @param julian_day Day number 1-365
 /// @param[out] month Output: month 1-12
diff --git a/esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.cpp b/esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.cpp
index 6a52348ae9..4f32560525 100644
--- a/esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.cpp
@@ -107,35 +107,4 @@ void RealTimeClock::synchronize_epoch_(uint32_t epoch) {
   this->time_sync_callback_.call();
 }
 
-#ifdef USE_TIME_TIMEZONE
-void RealTimeClock::apply_timezone_(const char *tz) {
-  ParsedTimezone parsed{};
-
-  // Handle null or empty input - use UTC
-  if (tz == nullptr || *tz == '\0') {
-    // Skip if already UTC
-    if (!get_global_tz().has_dst() && get_global_tz().std_offset_seconds == 0) {
-      return;
-    }
-    set_global_tz(parsed);
-    return;
-  }
-
-#ifdef USE_HOST
-  // On host platform, also set TZ environment variable for libc compatibility
-  setenv("TZ", tz, 1);
-  tzset();
-#endif
-
-  // Parse the POSIX TZ string using our custom parser
-  if (!parse_posix_tz(tz, parsed)) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to parse timezone: %s", tz);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  // Set global timezone for all time conversions
-  set_global_tz(parsed);
-}
-#endif
-
 }  // namespace esphome::time
diff --git a/esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.h b/esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.h
index 7a9175f39c..c449309c9f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.h
+++ b/esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.h
@@ -15,37 +15,13 @@ namespace esphome::time {
 /// The RealTimeClock class exposes common timekeeping functions via the device's local real-time clock.
 ///
 /// \note
-/// The C library (newlib) available on ESPs only supports TZ strings that specify an offset and DST info;
-/// you cannot specify zone names or paths to zoneinfo files.
-/// \see https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/TZ-Variable.html
+/// The timezone is pre-parsed into a ParsedTimezone struct: at codegen time from the YAML
+/// configuration, or at runtime by API clients that send the parsed struct (Home Assistant
+/// 2026.3.0 and newer). See set_global_tz() in posix_tz.h.
 class RealTimeClock : public PollingComponent {
  public:
   explicit RealTimeClock();
 
-#ifdef USE_TIME_TIMEZONE
-  /// Set the time zone from a POSIX TZ string.
-  void set_timezone(const char *tz) { this->apply_timezone_(tz); }
-
-  /// Set the time zone from a character buffer with known length.
-  /// The buffer does not need to be null-terminated.
-  void set_timezone(const char *tz, size_t len) {
-    if (tz == nullptr) {
-      this->apply_timezone_(nullptr);
-      return;
-    }
-    // Stack buffer - TZ strings from tzdata are typically short (< 50 chars)
-    char buf[128];
-    if (len >= sizeof(buf))
-      len = sizeof(buf) - 1;
-    memcpy(buf, tz, len);
-    buf[len] = '\0';
-    this->apply_timezone_(buf);
-  }
-
-  /// Set the time zone from a std::string.
-  void set_timezone(const std::string &tz) { this->apply_timezone_(tz.c_str()); }
-#endif
-
   /// Get the time in the currently defined timezone.
   ESPTime now();
 
@@ -65,10 +41,6 @@ class RealTimeClock : public PollingComponent {
   /// Report a unix epoch as current time.
   void synchronize_epoch_(uint32_t epoch);
 
-#ifdef USE_TIME_TIMEZONE
-  void apply_timezone_(const char *tz);
-#endif
-
   LazyCallbackManager<void()> time_sync_callback_;
 };
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/time_based/cover/__init__.py b/esphome/components/time_based/cover/__init__.py
index 022b48d249..895743f400 100644
--- a/esphome/components/time_based/cover/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/time_based/cover/__init__.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_OPEN_DURATION,
     CONF_STOP_ACTION,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import time_based_ns
 
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await cover.new_cover(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/tinyusb/__init__.py b/esphome/components/tinyusb/__init__.py
index 9e1ad3afc4..53c4ab0073 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tinyusb/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tinyusb/__init__.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from esphome.components.esp32 import (
 )
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_HARDWARE_UART, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 CONFLICTS_WITH = ["usb_host"]
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate(config):
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     full_config = fv.full_config.get()
     if not any(name in full_config for name in _USB_CLASS_COMPONENTS):
         raise cv.Invalid(
@@ -75,13 +76,12 @@ def _final_validate(config):
             "USB_SERIAL_JTAG on variants that support it "
             "(ESP32-S3, ESP32-S31, ESP32-P4, ESP32-H4)"
         )
-    return config
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/tinyusb/tinyusb_component.cpp b/esphome/components/tinyusb/tinyusb_component.cpp
index b748959571..c8c36f0ffb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tinyusb/tinyusb_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/tinyusb/tinyusb_component.cpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ static const char *const TAG = "tinyusb";
 void TinyUSB::setup() {
   // Use the device's MAC address as its serial number if no serial number is defined
   if (this->string_descriptor_[SERIAL_NUMBER] == nullptr) {
-    static char mac_addr_buf[13];
+    static char mac_addr_buf[MAC_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE];
     get_mac_address_into_buffer(mac_addr_buf);
     this->string_descriptor_[SERIAL_NUMBER] = mac_addr_buf;
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/tlc59208f/__init__.py b/esphome/components/tlc59208f/__init__.py
index b685423787..1af9f66b95 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tlc59208f/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tlc59208f/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 MULTI_CONF = True
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/tlc59208f/output.py b/esphome/components/tlc59208f/output.py
index a2f4f16554..81d864ccce 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tlc59208f/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tlc59208f/output.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import TLC59208FOutput, tlc59208f_ns
 
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_TLC59208F_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_channel(config[CONF_CHANNEL]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/tlc5947/__init__.py b/esphome/components/tlc5947/__init__.py
index 20e53893aa..05e2ef037d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tlc5947/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tlc5947/__init__.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_NUM_CHIPS,
     CONF_OE_PIN,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_LAT_PIN = "lat_pin"
 
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/tlc5947/output/__init__.py b/esphome/components/tlc5947/output/__init__.py
index 6bea1546d3..cb285dc6ab 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tlc5947/output/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tlc5947/output/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import TLC5947, tlc5947_ns
 
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await output.register_output(var, config)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_TLC5947_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/tlc5971/__init__.py b/esphome/components/tlc5971/__init__.py
index b09924c3d3..5b9027e61a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tlc5971/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tlc5971/__init__.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CLOCK_PIN, CONF_DATA_PIN, CONF_ID, CONF_NUM_CHIPS
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@IJIJI"]
 
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/tlc5971/output/__init__.py b/esphome/components/tlc5971/output/__init__.py
index 854fbbd810..8fc19aad3b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tlc5971/output/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tlc5971/output/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import TLC5971, tlc5971_ns
 
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await output.register_output(var, config)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_TLC5971_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/tm1621/display.py b/esphome/components/tm1621/display.py
index f521af2842..e8a40507d8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tm1621/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tm1621/display.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_READ_PIN,
     CONF_WRITE_PIN,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 tm1621_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("tm1621")
 TM1621Display = tm1621_ns.class_("TM1621Display", cg.PollingComponent)
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = display.BASIC_DISPLAY_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("1s"))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await display.register_display(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/tm1637/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/tm1637/binary_sensor.py
index 817231627a..3dff02bbe8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tm1637/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tm1637/binary_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_KEY
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_TM1637_ID = "tm1637_id"
 
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(TM1637Key).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await binary_sensor.register_binary_sensor(var, config)
     cg.add(var.set_keycode(config[CONF_KEY]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/tm1637/display.py b/esphome/components/tm1637/display.py
index 141ee5a39f..ec4d32561b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tm1637/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tm1637/display.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_LAMBDA,
     CONF_LENGTH,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@glmnet"]
 
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = display.BASIC_DISPLAY_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("1s"))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await display.register_display(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/tm1638/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/tm1638/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index de6ea35e54..4f89b7bf5e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tm1638/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tm1638/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_KEY
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from ..display import CONF_TM1638_ID, TM1638Component, tm1638_ns
 
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(TM1638Key).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     cg.add(var.set_keycode(config[CONF_KEY]))
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_TM1638_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/tm1638/display.py b/esphome/components/tm1638/display.py
index 14b70be94d..d6491129c6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tm1638/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tm1638/display.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_LAMBDA,
     CONF_STB_PIN,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@skykingjwc"]
 
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = display.BASIC_DISPLAY_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("1s"))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await display.register_display(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/tm1638/output/__init__.py b/esphome/components/tm1638/output/__init__.py
index b16b08d504..961abfee47 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tm1638/output/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tm1638/output/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_LED
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from ..display import CONF_TM1638_ID, TM1638Component, tm1638_ns
 
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.BINARY_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await output.register_output(var, config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/tm1638/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/tm1638/switch/__init__.py
index 90ff87938c..f42b835e03 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tm1638/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tm1638/switch/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import switch
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_LED
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from ..display import CONF_TM1638_ID, TM1638Component, tm1638_ns
 
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await switch.new_switch(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     cg.add(var.set_lednum(config[CONF_LED]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/tm1651/__init__.py b/esphome/components/tm1651/__init__.py
index 7d957df3be..c0cc6f1d2c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tm1651/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tm1651/__init__.py
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_LEVEL,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@mrtoy-me"]
 
@@ -43,7 +46,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     clk_pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_CLK_PIN])
@@ -75,7 +78,12 @@ BINARY_OUTPUT_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def tm1651_set_brightness_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def tm1651_set_brightness_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_BRIGHTNESS], args, cg.uint8)
@@ -95,7 +103,12 @@ async def tm1651_set_brightness_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def tm1651_set_level_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def tm1651_set_level_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_LEVEL], args, cg.uint8)
@@ -115,7 +128,12 @@ async def tm1651_set_level_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def tm1651_set_level_percent_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def tm1651_set_level_percent_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_LEVEL_PERCENT], args, cg.uint8)
@@ -129,7 +147,12 @@ async def tm1651_set_level_percent_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args
     BINARY_OUTPUT_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def output_turn_off_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def output_turn_off_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
@@ -138,7 +161,12 @@ async def output_turn_off_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 @automation.register_action(
     "tm1651.turn_on", TurnOnAction, BINARY_OUTPUT_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
-async def output_turn_on_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def output_turn_on_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/tmp102/sensor.py b/esphome/components/tmp102/sensor.py
index 862d526ccf..eba0d3c026 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tmp102/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tmp102/sensor.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@timsavage"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/tmp1075/sensor.py b/esphome/components/tmp1075/sensor.py
index bedeef8e3c..3cbda4a57a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tmp1075/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tmp1075/sensor.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/tmp117/sensor.py b/esphome/components/tmp117/sensor.py
index e906fe0aee..8a3073bef6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tmp117/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tmp117/sensor.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@Azimath"]
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def determine_config_register(polling_period):
+def determine_config_register(polling_period: int) -> int:
     if polling_period >= 16000:
         # 64 averaged conversions, max conversion time
         # 0000 00 111 11 00000
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ def determine_config_register(polling_period):
     return 0x0000
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/tof10120/sensor.py b/esphome/components/tof10120/sensor.py
index d3aeaa814f..2475cf6bd5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tof10120/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tof10120/sensor.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_METER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@wstrzalka"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/tormatic/cover.py b/esphome/components/tormatic/cover.py
index 447920326b..f4d4c2a6d4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tormatic/cover.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tormatic/cover.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import cover, uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CLOSE_DURATION, CONF_OPEN_DURATION
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 tormatic_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("tormatic")
 Tormatic = tormatic_ns.class_("Tormatic", cover.Cover, cg.PollingComponent)
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await cover.new_cover(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/toshiba/climate.py b/esphome/components/toshiba/climate.py
index bdb17923fa..3b1e7352f9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/toshiba/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/toshiba/climate.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_MODEL
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
@@ -24,6 +25,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(ToshibaClimate).exten
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
     cg.add(var.set_model(config[CONF_MODEL]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/total_daily_energy/sensor.py b/esphome/components/total_daily_energy/sensor.py
index f026dc9530..343fe917de 100644
--- a/esphome/components/total_daily_energy/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/total_daily_energy/sensor.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING,
 )
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["time"]
 
@@ -29,11 +30,11 @@ TotalDailyEnergy = total_daily_energy_ns.class_(
 )
 
 
-def inherit_unit_of_measurement(uom, config):
+def inherit_unit_of_measurement(uom: str, config: ConfigType) -> str:
     return uom + "h"
 
 
-def inherit_accuracy_decimals(decimals, config):
+def inherit_accuracy_decimals(decimals: int, config: ConfigType) -> int:
     return decimals + 2
 
 
@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/touchscreen/__init__.py b/esphome/components/touchscreen/__init__.py
index cf0c5fca19..c8b918007b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/touchscreen/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/touchscreen/__init__.py
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+from typing import Any
+
+import voluptuous as vol
+
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import display
@@ -14,6 +18,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TRANSFORM,
 )
 from esphome.core import CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz", "@nielsnl68"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["display"]
@@ -40,7 +46,7 @@ CONF_Y_MIN = "y_min"
 CONF_Y_MAX = "y_max"
 
 
-def validate_calibration(calibration_config):
+def validate_calibration(calibration_config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     x_min = calibration_config[CONF_X_MIN]
     x_max = calibration_config[CONF_X_MAX]
     y_min = calibration_config[CONF_Y_MIN]
@@ -60,7 +66,9 @@ def validate_calibration(calibration_config):
     return calibration_config
 
 
-def option_with_default(option: str, defaults: dict, required: bool = False):
+def option_with_default(
+    option: str, defaults: dict, required: bool = False
+) -> vol.Marker:
     if option in defaults or not required:
         return cv.Optional(option, default=defaults.get(option, cv.UNDEFINED))
     return cv.Required(option)
@@ -119,9 +127,9 @@ def _transform_schema(defaults: dict) -> dict:
 
 
 def touchscreen_schema(
-    default_touch_timeout=cv.UNDEFINED,
-    calibration_required=False,
-    defaults: dict = None,
+    default_touch_timeout: Any = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    calibration_required: bool = False,
+    defaults: dict | None = None,
 ) -> cv.Schema:
     defaults = defaults or {}
     return cv.Schema(
@@ -143,7 +151,7 @@ def touchscreen_schema(
 TOUCHSCREEN_SCHEMA = touchscreen_schema(cv.UNDEFINED)
 
 
-async def register_touchscreen(var, config):
+async def register_touchscreen(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
     disp = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_DISPLAY])
@@ -192,6 +200,6 @@ async def register_touchscreen(var, config):
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.CORE)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_global(touchscreen_ns.using)
     cg.add_define("USE_TOUCHSCREEN")
diff --git a/esphome/components/touchscreen/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/touchscreen/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index 5ce0defb31..6a66d00ea6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/touchscreen/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/touchscreen/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor, display
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_PAGE_ID, CONF_PAGES
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_TOUCHSCREEN_ID, TouchListener, Touchscreen, touchscreen_ns
 
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ CONF_Y_MAX = "y_max"
 CONF_USE_RAW = "use_raw"
 
 
-def _validate_coords(config):
+def _validate_coords(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if (
         config[CONF_X_MAX] < config[CONF_X_MIN]
         or config[CONF_Y_MAX] < config[CONF_Y_MIN]
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_TOUCHSCREEN_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/tsl2561/sensor.py b/esphome/components/tsl2561/sensor.py
index cd4b88e740..79ee2587d3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tsl2561/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tsl2561/sensor.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
@@ -8,6 +10,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_LUX,
 )
+from esphome.core import EnumValue
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -28,7 +32,7 @@ GAINS = {
 CONF_IS_CS_PACKAGE = "is_cs_package"
 
 
-def validate_integration_time(value):
+def validate_integration_time(value: Any) -> EnumValue:
     value = cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds(value).total_milliseconds
     return cv.enum(INTEGRATION_TIMES, int=True)(value)
 
@@ -59,7 +63,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/tsl2591/sensor.py b/esphome/components/tsl2591/sensor.py
index 0df3fa6687..fa202b0cea 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tsl2591/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tsl2591/sensor.py
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
 # Here is the project that started me down the TSL2591 device trail in the first
 # place: https://hackaday.io/project/176690-the-water-watcher
 
+from typing import Any
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
@@ -40,6 +42,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_LUX,
 )
+from esphome.core import EnumValue
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -71,7 +75,7 @@ GAINS = {
 }
 
 
-def validate_integration_time(value):
+def validate_integration_time(value: Any) -> EnumValue:
     value = cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds(value).total_milliseconds
     return cv.enum(INTEGRATION_TIMES, int=True)(value)
 
@@ -131,7 +135,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/tsl2591/tsl2591.cpp b/esphome/components/tsl2591/tsl2591.cpp
index fb34dd833d..2a5d6a4ee4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tsl2591/tsl2591.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/tsl2591/tsl2591.cpp
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ uint32_t TSL2591Component::get_combined_illuminance() {
       break;
     }
     // we only log this if we need any delay, since normally we don't
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "   after %3d ms: ADC valid? %s", d, avalid ? "true" : "false");
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "   after %3d ms: ADC valid? %s", d, avalid ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("true") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("false"));
     delay(mini_delay);
   }
   if (!avalid) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/tt21100/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/tt21100/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index 081bd17c20..cc3226089d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tt21100/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tt21100/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_INDEX
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import tt21100_ns
 from ..touchscreen import TT21100ButtonListener, TT21100Touchscreen
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_TT21100_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/tt21100/touchscreen/__init__.py b/esphome/components/tt21100/touchscreen/__init__.py
index 9466dcdaa5..22489df379 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tt21100/touchscreen/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tt21100/touchscreen/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, touchscreen
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN, CONF_RESET_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import tt21100_ns
 
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = touchscreen.TOUCHSCREEN_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await touchscreen.register_touchscreen(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ttp229_bsf/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ttp229_bsf/__init__.py
index fa1938723d..9e2a4ad114 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ttp229_bsf/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ttp229_bsf/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_SCL_PIN, CONF_SDO_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["binary_sensor"]
 
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ttp229_bsf/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/ttp229_bsf/binary_sensor.py
index 178ad4f037..99280c82da 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ttp229_bsf/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ttp229_bsf/binary_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_TTP229_ID, TTP229BSFComponent, ttp229_bsf_ns
 
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(TTP229BSFChannel).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_channel(config[CONF_CHANNEL]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/ttp229_lsf/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ttp229_lsf/__init__.py
index 412233a6bd..d32f72fcce 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ttp229_lsf/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ttp229_lsf/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["binary_sensor"]
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ttp229_lsf/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/ttp229_lsf/binary_sensor.py
index 07f00df4b4..7d11dfcbff 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ttp229_lsf/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ttp229_lsf/binary_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_TTP229_ID, TTP229LSFComponent, ttp229_lsf_ns
 
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(TTP229Channel).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_channel(config[CONF_CHANNEL]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/tuya/select/tuya_select.cpp b/esphome/components/tuya/select/tuya_select.cpp
index f0fc47f504..057f7f8ea6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tuya/select/tuya_select.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/tuya/select/tuya_select.cpp
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ void TuyaSelect::dump_config() {
                 "  Select has datapoint ID %u\n"
                 "  Data type: %s\n"
                 "  Options are:",
-                this->select_id_, this->is_int_ ? "int" : "enum");
+                this->select_id_, this->is_int_ ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("int") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("enum"));
   const auto &options = this->traits.get_options();
   for (size_t i = 0; i < this->mappings_.size(); i++) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "    %i: %s", this->mappings_.at(i), options.at(i));
diff --git a/esphome/components/tuya/tuya.cpp b/esphome/components/tuya/tuya.cpp
index 3058d82cc4..82fb96d787 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tuya/tuya.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/tuya/tuya.cpp
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ void Tuya::handle_command_(uint8_t command, uint8_t version, const uint8_t *buff
       st.payload[0] = 0x04;
       this->send_command_(st);
       ESP_LOGI(TAG, "%s received (%s), replied with WIFI_STATE confirming connection established",
-               is_select ? "WIFI_SELECT" : "WIFI_RESET", mode_str);
+               is_select ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("WIFI_SELECT") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("WIFI_RESET"), mode_str);
       break;
     }
     case TuyaCommandType::DATAPOINT_DELIVER:
@@ -303,6 +303,22 @@ void Tuya::handle_command_(uint8_t command, uint8_t version, const uint8_t *buff
         ESP_LOGW(TAG, "LOCAL_TIME_QUERY is not handled because time is not configured");
       }
       break;
+    case TuyaCommandType::GMT_TIME_QUERY:
+#ifdef USE_TIME
+      if (this->time_id_ != nullptr) {
+        this->send_gmt_time_();
+
+        if (!this->gmt_time_sync_callback_registered_) {
+          // tuya mcu supports time, so we let them know when our time changed
+          this->time_id_->add_on_time_sync_callback([this] { this->send_gmt_time_(); });
+          this->gmt_time_sync_callback_registered_ = true;
+        }
+      } else
+#endif
+      {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "GMT_TIME_QUERY is not handled because time is not configured");
+      }
+      break;
     case TuyaCommandType::VACUUM_MAP_UPLOAD:
       this->send_command_(
           TuyaCommand{.cmd = TuyaCommandType::VACUUM_MAP_UPLOAD, .payload = std::vector<uint8_t>{0x01}});
@@ -609,6 +625,25 @@ void Tuya::send_local_time_() {
   }
   this->send_command_(TuyaCommand{.cmd = TuyaCommandType::LOCAL_TIME_QUERY, .payload = payload});
 }
+void Tuya::send_gmt_time_() {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> payload;
+  ESPTime now = this->time_id_->utcnow();
+  if (now.is_valid()) {
+    uint8_t year = now.year - 2000;
+    uint8_t month = now.month;
+    uint8_t day_of_month = now.day_of_month;
+    uint8_t hour = now.hour;
+    uint8_t minute = now.minute;
+    uint8_t second = now.second;
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Sending gmt time");
+    payload = std::vector<uint8_t>{0x01, year, month, day_of_month, hour, minute, second};
+  } else {
+    // By spec we need to notify MCU that the time was not obtained if this is a response to a query
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Sending missing gmt time");
+    payload = std::vector<uint8_t>{0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+  }
+  this->send_command_(TuyaCommand{.cmd = TuyaCommandType::GMT_TIME_QUERY, .payload = payload});
+}
 #endif
 
 void Tuya::set_raw_datapoint_value(uint8_t datapoint_id, const std::vector<uint8_t> &value) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/tuya/tuya.h b/esphome/components/tuya/tuya.h
index 4e7ab5c7f9..b8bf4e0ab1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tuya/tuya.h
+++ b/esphome/components/tuya/tuya.h
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ enum class TuyaCommandType : uint8_t {
   DATAPOINT_DELIVER = 0x06,
   DATAPOINT_REPORT_ASYNC = 0x07,
   DATAPOINT_QUERY = 0x08,
+  GMT_TIME_QUERY = 0x0C,
   WIFI_TEST = 0x0E,
   LOCAL_TIME_QUERY = 0x1C,
   DATAPOINT_REPORT_SYNC = 0x22,
@@ -138,8 +139,10 @@ class Tuya final : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
 
 #ifdef USE_TIME
   void send_local_time_();
+  void send_gmt_time_();
   time::RealTimeClock *time_id_{nullptr};
   bool time_sync_callback_registered_{false};
+  bool gmt_time_sync_callback_registered_{false};
 #endif
   TuyaInitState init_state_ = TuyaInitState::INIT_HEARTBEAT;
   bool init_failed_{false};
diff --git a/esphome/components/tuya/water_heater/__init__.py b/esphome/components/tuya/water_heater/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7d1af791b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/tuya/water_heater/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import water_heater
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_SUPPORTED_MODES, CONF_SWITCH_DATAPOINT
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+from .. import CONF_TUYA_ID, Tuya, tuya_ns
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["tuya"]
+CODEOWNERS = ["@iago-veiga"]
+
+CONF_TARGET_TEMPERATURE_DATAPOINT = "target_temperature_datapoint"
+CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE_DATAPOINT = "current_temperature_datapoint"
+CONF_TARGET_TEMPERATURE_MULTIPLIER = "target_temperature_multiplier"
+CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE_MULTIPLIER = "current_temperature_multiplier"
+CONF_MODE_DATAPOINT = "mode_datapoint"
+
+# Optional enum values that map a Tuya mode datapoint value to a WaterHeaterMode.
+# Mirrors the "*_value" style used by the tuya climate fan modes.
+CONF_ECO_VALUE = "eco_value"
+CONF_ELECTRIC_VALUE = "electric_value"
+CONF_PERFORMANCE_VALUE = "performance_value"
+CONF_HIGH_DEMAND_VALUE = "high_demand_value"
+CONF_HEAT_PUMP_VALUE = "heat_pump_value"
+CONF_GAS_VALUE = "gas_value"
+
+# Map of config key -> C++ setter name, one per non-OFF WaterHeaterMode. OFF is not an enum
+# value: it is represented by the switch datapoint being off, just like the tuya climate.
+MODE_VALUES = {
+    CONF_ECO_VALUE: "set_eco_value",
+    CONF_ELECTRIC_VALUE: "set_electric_value",
+    CONF_PERFORMANCE_VALUE: "set_performance_value",
+    CONF_HIGH_DEMAND_VALUE: "set_high_demand_value",
+    CONF_HEAT_PUMP_VALUE: "set_heat_pump_value",
+    CONF_GAS_VALUE: "set_gas_value",
+}
+
+TuyaWaterHeater = tuya_ns.class_(
+    "TuyaWaterHeater", water_heater.WaterHeater, cg.Component
+)
+
+
+def _validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    # A mode datapoint is only useful if at least one mode value is mapped, and mode values
+    # only make sense together with a mode datapoint.
+    has_mode_values = any(key in config for key in MODE_VALUES)
+    if CONF_MODE_DATAPOINT in config and not has_mode_values:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"'{CONF_MODE_DATAPOINT}' requires at least one mode value "
+            f"(e.g. '{CONF_ECO_VALUE}' or '{CONF_ELECTRIC_VALUE}')"
+        )
+    if has_mode_values and CONF_MODE_DATAPOINT not in config:
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"Mode values require '{CONF_MODE_DATAPOINT}' to be set")
+    return config
+
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    water_heater.water_heater_schema(TuyaWaterHeater)
+    .extend(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(CONF_TUYA_ID): cv.use_id(Tuya),
+            cv.Required(CONF_SWITCH_DATAPOINT): cv.uint8_t,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TARGET_TEMPERATURE_DATAPOINT): cv.uint8_t,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE_DATAPOINT): cv.uint8_t,
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_TARGET_TEMPERATURE_MULTIPLIER, default=1.0
+            ): cv.positive_float,
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE_MULTIPLIER, default=1.0
+            ): cv.positive_float,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_MODE_DATAPOINT): cv.uint8_t,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ECO_VALUE): cv.uint8_t,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ELECTRIC_VALUE): cv.uint8_t,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_PERFORMANCE_VALUE): cv.uint8_t,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_HIGH_DEMAND_VALUE): cv.uint8_t,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_HEAT_PUMP_VALUE): cv.uint8_t,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_GAS_VALUE): cv.uint8_t,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_SUPPORTED_MODES): cv.ensure_list(
+                water_heater.validate_water_heater_mode
+            ),
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
+    _validate,
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    var = await water_heater.new_water_heater(config)
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+
+    paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_TUYA_ID])
+    cg.add(var.set_tuya_parent(paren))
+
+    cg.add(var.set_switch_id(config[CONF_SWITCH_DATAPOINT]))
+
+    if (target_temp_dp := config.get(CONF_TARGET_TEMPERATURE_DATAPOINT)) is not None:
+        cg.add(var.set_target_temperature_id(target_temp_dp))
+    if (current_temp_dp := config.get(CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE_DATAPOINT)) is not None:
+        cg.add(var.set_current_temperature_id(current_temp_dp))
+
+    cg.add(
+        var.set_target_temperature_multiplier(
+            config[CONF_TARGET_TEMPERATURE_MULTIPLIER]
+        )
+    )
+    cg.add(
+        var.set_current_temperature_multiplier(
+            config[CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE_MULTIPLIER]
+        )
+    )
+
+    if (mode_dp := config.get(CONF_MODE_DATAPOINT)) is not None:
+        cg.add(var.set_mode_id(mode_dp))
+        for key, setter in MODE_VALUES.items():
+            if (value := config.get(key)) is not None:
+                cg.add(getattr(var, setter)(value))
+
+    if (supported_modes := config.get(CONF_SUPPORTED_MODES)) is not None:
+        cg.add(var.set_supported_modes(supported_modes))
diff --git a/esphome/components/tuya/water_heater/tuya_water_heater.cpp b/esphome/components/tuya/water_heater/tuya_water_heater.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e1c78530e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/tuya/water_heater/tuya_water_heater.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+#include "tuya_water_heater.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::tuya {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "tuya.water_heater";
+
+void TuyaWaterHeater::setup() {
+  if (this->switch_id_.has_value()) {
+    this->parent_->register_listener(*this->switch_id_, [this](const TuyaDatapoint &datapoint) {
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "MCU reported switch is: %s", ONOFF(datapoint.value_bool));
+      this->is_on_ = datapoint.value_bool;
+      this->set_state_flag_(water_heater::WATER_HEATER_STATE_ON, this->is_on_);
+      if (!this->is_on_) {
+        this->set_mode_(water_heater::WATER_HEATER_MODE_OFF);
+      } else {
+        // Turned on: use the last mode reported by the mode datapoint if we have one, otherwise
+        // fall back to a supported mode. Datapoints can arrive in any order, so the mode enum may
+        // have been reported before this switch update.
+        this->set_mode_(this->last_reported_mode_.value_or(this->default_on_mode_()));
+      }
+      this->publish_state();
+    });
+  }
+
+  if (this->mode_id_.has_value()) {
+    this->parent_->register_listener(*this->mode_id_, [this](const TuyaDatapoint &datapoint) {
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "MCU reported mode value is: %u", datapoint.value_enum);
+      water_heater::WaterHeaterMode mode;
+      if (!this->mode_from_value_(datapoint.value_enum, mode)) {
+        return;
+      }
+      // Always remember the reported mode; only surface it while the heater is on (OFF is driven
+      // by the switch datapoint, not the mode enum).
+      this->last_reported_mode_ = mode;
+      if (this->is_on_ && this->mode_ != mode) {
+        this->set_mode_(mode);
+        this->publish_state();
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  if (this->target_temperature_id_.has_value()) {
+    this->parent_->register_listener(*this->target_temperature_id_, [this](const TuyaDatapoint &datapoint) {
+      float value = datapoint.value_int * this->target_temperature_multiplier_;
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "MCU reported target temperature is: %.1f", value);
+      this->set_target_temperature_(value);
+      this->publish_state();
+    });
+  }
+
+  if (this->current_temperature_id_.has_value()) {
+    this->parent_->register_listener(*this->current_temperature_id_, [this](const TuyaDatapoint &datapoint) {
+      float value = datapoint.value_int * this->current_temperature_multiplier_;
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "MCU reported current temperature is: %.1f", value);
+      this->set_current_temperature(value);
+      this->publish_state();
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+water_heater::WaterHeaterCallInternal TuyaWaterHeater::make_call() {
+  return water_heater::WaterHeaterCallInternal(this);
+}
+
+void TuyaWaterHeater::control(const water_heater::WaterHeaterCall &call) {
+  auto mode_val = call.get_mode();
+  auto on_val = call.get_on();
+
+  // Determine the desired on/off state. An explicit on/off request wins; otherwise a mode of
+  // OFF means off and any other mode means on.
+  optional<bool> want_on = on_val;
+  if (mode_val.has_value() && !want_on.has_value()) {
+    want_on = *mode_val != water_heater::WATER_HEATER_MODE_OFF;
+  }
+
+  if (want_on.has_value() && this->switch_id_.has_value()) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Setting switch: %s", ONOFF(*want_on));
+    this->parent_->set_boolean_datapoint_value(*this->switch_id_, *want_on);
+  }
+
+  if (mode_val.has_value() && *mode_val != water_heater::WATER_HEATER_MODE_OFF && this->mode_id_.has_value()) {
+    uint8_t value;
+    if (this->value_from_mode_(*mode_val, value)) {
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Setting mode value: %u", value);
+      this->parent_->set_enum_datapoint_value(*this->mode_id_, value);
+    } else {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "No mode value configured for requested mode");
+    }
+  }
+
+  auto target_temp = call.get_target_temperature();
+  if (!std::isnan(target_temp) && this->target_temperature_id_.has_value()) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Setting target temperature: %.1f", target_temp);
+    this->parent_->set_integer_datapoint_value(*this->target_temperature_id_,
+                                               (int) (target_temp / this->target_temperature_multiplier_));
+  }
+}
+
+water_heater::WaterHeaterTraits TuyaWaterHeater::traits() {
+  water_heater::WaterHeaterTraits traits;
+
+  traits.add_feature_flags(water_heater::WATER_HEATER_SUPPORTS_ON_OFF);
+  if (this->current_temperature_id_.has_value()) {
+    traits.add_feature_flags(water_heater::WATER_HEATER_SUPPORTS_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE);
+  }
+  if (this->target_temperature_id_.has_value()) {
+    traits.add_feature_flags(water_heater::WATER_HEATER_SUPPORTS_TARGET_TEMPERATURE);
+  }
+  if (!this->supported_modes_.empty()) {
+    traits.set_supported_modes(this->supported_modes_);
+    traits.add_feature_flags(water_heater::WATER_HEATER_SUPPORTS_OPERATION_MODE);
+  }
+  return traits;
+}
+
+bool TuyaWaterHeater::mode_from_value_(uint8_t value, water_heater::WaterHeaterMode &mode) const {
+  if (this->eco_value_ == value) {
+    mode = water_heater::WATER_HEATER_MODE_ECO;
+  } else if (this->electric_value_ == value) {
+    mode = water_heater::WATER_HEATER_MODE_ELECTRIC;
+  } else if (this->performance_value_ == value) {
+    mode = water_heater::WATER_HEATER_MODE_PERFORMANCE;
+  } else if (this->high_demand_value_ == value) {
+    mode = water_heater::WATER_HEATER_MODE_HIGH_DEMAND;
+  } else if (this->heat_pump_value_ == value) {
+    mode = water_heater::WATER_HEATER_MODE_HEAT_PUMP;
+  } else if (this->gas_value_ == value) {
+    mode = water_heater::WATER_HEATER_MODE_GAS;
+  } else {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool TuyaWaterHeater::value_from_mode_(water_heater::WaterHeaterMode mode, uint8_t &value) const {
+  optional<uint8_t> mapped;
+  switch (mode) {
+    case water_heater::WATER_HEATER_MODE_ECO:
+      mapped = this->eco_value_;
+      break;
+    case water_heater::WATER_HEATER_MODE_ELECTRIC:
+      mapped = this->electric_value_;
+      break;
+    case water_heater::WATER_HEATER_MODE_PERFORMANCE:
+      mapped = this->performance_value_;
+      break;
+    case water_heater::WATER_HEATER_MODE_HIGH_DEMAND:
+      mapped = this->high_demand_value_;
+      break;
+    case water_heater::WATER_HEATER_MODE_HEAT_PUMP:
+      mapped = this->heat_pump_value_;
+      break;
+    case water_heater::WATER_HEATER_MODE_GAS:
+      mapped = this->gas_value_;
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+  if (mapped.has_value()) {
+    value = *mapped;
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+water_heater::WaterHeaterMode TuyaWaterHeater::default_on_mode_() const {
+  // Prefer the first configured supported non-OFF mode so we never surface a mode the user
+  // cannot control. Fall back to ELECTRIC when no supported modes are configured.
+  for (water_heater::WaterHeaterMode mode : this->supported_modes_) {
+    if (mode != water_heater::WATER_HEATER_MODE_OFF) {
+      return mode;
+    }
+  }
+  return water_heater::WATER_HEATER_MODE_ELECTRIC;
+}
+
+void TuyaWaterHeater::dump_config() {
+  LOG_WATER_HEATER("", "Tuya Water Heater", this);
+  if (this->switch_id_.has_value()) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Switch has datapoint ID %u", *this->switch_id_);
+  }
+  if (this->mode_id_.has_value()) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Mode has datapoint ID %u", *this->mode_id_);
+  }
+  if (this->target_temperature_id_.has_value()) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Target Temperature has datapoint ID %u", *this->target_temperature_id_);
+  }
+  if (this->current_temperature_id_.has_value()) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Current Temperature has datapoint ID %u", *this->current_temperature_id_);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::tuya
diff --git a/esphome/components/tuya/water_heater/tuya_water_heater.h b/esphome/components/tuya/water_heater/tuya_water_heater.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5ce0ce4dee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/tuya/water_heater/tuya_water_heater.h
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/components/tuya/tuya.h"
+#include "esphome/components/water_heater/water_heater.h"
+
+namespace esphome::tuya {
+
+class TuyaWaterHeater final : public water_heater::WaterHeater, public Component {
+ public:
+  void setup() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+
+  void set_tuya_parent(Tuya *parent) { this->parent_ = parent; }
+
+  void set_switch_id(uint8_t switch_id) { this->switch_id_ = switch_id; }
+  void set_target_temperature_id(uint8_t target_temperature_id) {
+    this->target_temperature_id_ = target_temperature_id;
+  }
+  void set_current_temperature_id(uint8_t current_temperature_id) {
+    this->current_temperature_id_ = current_temperature_id;
+  }
+  void set_target_temperature_multiplier(float multiplier) { this->target_temperature_multiplier_ = multiplier; }
+  void set_current_temperature_multiplier(float multiplier) { this->current_temperature_multiplier_ = multiplier; }
+
+  void set_mode_id(uint8_t mode_id) { this->mode_id_ = mode_id; }
+  void set_eco_value(uint8_t value) { this->eco_value_ = value; }
+  void set_electric_value(uint8_t value) { this->electric_value_ = value; }
+  void set_performance_value(uint8_t value) { this->performance_value_ = value; }
+  void set_high_demand_value(uint8_t value) { this->high_demand_value_ = value; }
+  void set_heat_pump_value(uint8_t value) { this->heat_pump_value_ = value; }
+  void set_gas_value(uint8_t value) { this->gas_value_ = value; }
+
+  void set_supported_modes(const std::initializer_list<water_heater::WaterHeaterMode> &modes) {
+    this->supported_modes_ = modes;
+  }
+
+  water_heater::WaterHeaterCallInternal make_call() override;
+
+ protected:
+  void control(const water_heater::WaterHeaterCall &call) override;
+  water_heater::WaterHeaterTraits traits() override;
+
+  /// Map a Tuya mode datapoint enum value to a WaterHeaterMode. Returns true when a mapping
+  /// exists, writing the result to \p mode.
+  bool mode_from_value_(uint8_t value, water_heater::WaterHeaterMode &mode) const;
+  /// Map a WaterHeaterMode to its configured Tuya enum value. Returns true when a mapping exists.
+  bool value_from_mode_(water_heater::WaterHeaterMode mode, uint8_t &value) const;
+
+  Tuya *parent_{nullptr};
+  optional<uint8_t> switch_id_{};
+  optional<uint8_t> target_temperature_id_{};
+  optional<uint8_t> current_temperature_id_{};
+  optional<uint8_t> mode_id_{};
+  optional<uint8_t> eco_value_{};
+  optional<uint8_t> electric_value_{};
+  optional<uint8_t> performance_value_{};
+  optional<uint8_t> high_demand_value_{};
+  optional<uint8_t> heat_pump_value_{};
+  optional<uint8_t> gas_value_{};
+  float target_temperature_multiplier_{1.0f};
+  float current_temperature_multiplier_{1.0f};
+  water_heater::WaterHeaterModeMask supported_modes_;
+  /// Last non-OFF mode reported by the mode datapoint, applied when the heater turns on.
+  optional<water_heater::WaterHeaterMode> last_reported_mode_{};
+  bool is_on_{false};
+
+  /// The mode to show when the heater is on but no mode datapoint value is known yet: the last
+  /// reported mode, else the first configured supported non-OFF mode, else ELECTRIC.
+  water_heater::WaterHeaterMode default_on_mode_() const;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::tuya
diff --git a/esphome/components/tx20/sensor.py b/esphome/components/tx20/sensor.py
index 1bb5ab0706..3a24b8dc0b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tx20/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tx20/sensor.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_DEGREES,
     UNIT_KILOMETER_PER_HOUR,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 tx20_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("tx20")
 Tx20Component = tx20_ns.class_("Tx20Component", cg.Component)
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/__init__.py b/esphome/components/uart/__init__.py
index 7e3701bb07..78633bcf6a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/__init__.py
@@ -5,7 +5,10 @@ import re
 from esphome import automation, pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components.const import CONF_DATA_BITS, CONF_PARITY, CONF_STOP_BITS
-from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_platform
+from esphome.config_helpers import (
+    filter_source_files_from_defines,
+    filter_source_files_from_platform,
+)
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_AFTER,
@@ -521,7 +524,7 @@ async def final_step():
         cg.add_define("USE_UART_WAKE_LOOP_ON_RX")
 
 
-FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_platform(
+_platform_filter = filter_source_files_from_platform(
     {
         "uart_component_esp_idf.cpp": {
             PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
@@ -537,3 +540,13 @@ FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_platform(
         },
     }
 )
+
+# uart_debugger.cpp is fully #ifdef'd on USE_UART_DEBUGGER, set only when a
+# debug block is configured.
+_define_filter = filter_source_files_from_defines(
+    {"uart_debugger.cpp": "USE_UART_DEBUGGER"}
+)
+
+
+def FILTER_SOURCE_FILES() -> list[str]:
+    return _platform_filter() + _define_filter()
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.cpp b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.cpp
index fc1509f737..2f8b4dbd11 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::uart {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "uart.arduino_esp8266";
+static const char *const TAG = "uart";
 bool ESP8266UartComponent::serial0_in_use = false;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 
 uint32_t ESP8266UartComponent::get_config() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp
index 93e43e0372..bbeb86bcdb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::uart {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "uart.idf";
+static const char *const TAG = "uart";
 
 /// Check if a pin number matches one of the default UART0 GPIO pins.
 /// These pins may have residual IOMUX state from the ROM bootloader that
@@ -393,5 +393,16 @@ void IRAM_ATTR IDFUARTComponent::uart_rx_isr_callback(uart_port_t uart_num, uart
 }
 #endif  // USE_UART_WAKE_LOOP_ON_RX
 
+void IDFUARTComponent::on_shutdown() {
+  if (this->uart_num_ == UART_NUM_MAX || !uart_is_driver_installed(this->uart_num_))
+    return;
+  uart_wait_tx_done(this->uart_num_, pdMS_TO_TICKS(100));
+  // Keep the peripheral quiet across a soft reset so ROM output does not reach the attached device (#15472)
+  esp_err_t err = uart_driver_delete(this->uart_num_);
+  if (err != ESP_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "uart_driver_delete failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
+  }
+}
+
 }  // namespace esphome::uart
 #endif  // USE_ESP32
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.h b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.h
index 649dd3aa46..a761d80f04 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.h
@@ -52,9 +52,11 @@ class IDFUARTComponent final : public UARTComponent, public Component {
   void load_settings(bool dump_config) override;
   using UARTComponent::load_settings;  // also bring in the no-arg overload for convenience
 
+  void on_shutdown() override;
+
  protected:
   void check_logger_conflict() override;
-  uart_port_t uart_num_;
+  uart_port_t uart_num_{UART_NUM_MAX};
   uart_config_t get_config_();
 
   bool has_peek_{false};
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.cpp b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.cpp
index 5bb7a49726..63b5631564 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.cpp
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ speed_t get_baud(int baud) {
 
 namespace esphome::uart {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "uart.host";
+static const char *const TAG = "uart";
 
 HostUartComponent::~HostUartComponent() {
   if (this->file_descriptor_ != -1) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.cpp b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.cpp
index fbf0c20ded..4eacd980db 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::uart {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "uart.lt";
+static const char *const TAG = "uart";
 
 static const char *const UART_TYPE[] = {
     "hardware",
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2.cpp b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2.cpp
index 9cc3009a22..ffb9bc0f2d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2.cpp
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::uart {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "uart.arduino_rp2";
+static const char *const TAG = "uart";
 
 uint16_t RP2UartComponent::get_config() {
   uint16_t config = 0;
diff --git a/esphome/components/udp/__init__.py b/esphome/components/udp/__init__.py
index 5dfd188f0f..a782d875b9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/udp/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/udp/__init__.py
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import Any, NoReturn
+
 from esphome import automation
 from esphome.automation import Trigger
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -13,7 +16,7 @@ from esphome.components.packet_transport import (
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_DATA, CONF_ID, CONF_PORT, CONF_TRIGGER_ID
 from esphome.core import ID
-from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@clydebarrow"]
@@ -45,8 +48,8 @@ UDP_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-def is_relocated(option):
-    def validator(value):
+def is_relocated(option: str) -> Callable[[Any], NoReturn]:
+    def validator(value: Any) -> NoReturn:
         raise cv.Invalid(
             f"The '{option}' option should now be configured in the 'packet_transport' component"
         )
@@ -109,13 +112,13 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def register_udp_client(var, config):
+async def register_udp_client(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     udp_var = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_UDP_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_parent(udp_var))
     return udp_var
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_define("USE_UDP")
     cg.add_global(udp_ns.using)
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -147,7 +150,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add(var.set_should_listen())
 
 
-def validate_raw_data(value):
+def validate_raw_data(value: Any) -> bytes | list[int]:
     if isinstance(value, str):
         return value.encode("utf-8")
     if isinstance(value, str):
@@ -171,7 +174,12 @@ def validate_raw_data(value):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def udp_write_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def udp_write_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     udp_var = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_parented(var, udp_var)
diff --git a/esphome/components/udp/packet_transport/__init__.py b/esphome/components/udp/packet_transport/__init__.py
index e725276717..f2c15289a9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/udp/packet_transport/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/udp/packet_transport/__init__.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.components.packet_transport import (
 )
 from esphome.const import CONF_BINARY_SENSORS, CONF_ENCRYPTION, CONF_SENSORS
 from esphome.cpp_types import PollingComponent
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import UDP_SCHEMA, register_udp_client, udp_ns
 
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ UDPTransport = udp_ns.class_("UDPTransport", PacketTransport, PollingComponent)
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = transport_schema(UDPTransport).extend(UDP_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var, providers = await new_packet_transport(config)
     udp_var = await register_udp_client(var, config)
     if CONF_ENCRYPTION in config or providers:
diff --git a/esphome/components/udp/udp_component.cpp b/esphome/components/udp/udp_component.cpp
index c144212ecf..858516c746 100644
--- a/esphome/components/udp/udp_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/udp/udp_component.cpp
@@ -129,8 +129,9 @@ void UDPComponent::dump_config() {
                 "  Listen Port: %u\n"
                 "  Broadcast Port: %u",
                 this->listen_port_, this->broadcast_port_);
-  for (const char *address : this->addresses_)
+  for (const char *address : this->addresses_) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Address: %s", address);
+  }
   if (this->listen_address_.has_value()) {
     char addr_buf[network::IP_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE];
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Listen address: %s", this->listen_address_.value().str_to(addr_buf));
@@ -145,8 +146,9 @@ void UDPComponent::send_packet(const uint8_t *data, size_t size) {
 #if defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_BSD_SOCKETS) || defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_SOCKETS)
   for (const auto &saddr : this->sockaddrs_) {
     auto result = this->broadcast_socket_->sendto(data, size, 0, &saddr, sizeof(saddr));
-    if (result < 0)
+    if (result < 0) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "sendto() error %d", errno);
+    }
   }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP
@@ -155,8 +157,9 @@ void UDPComponent::send_packet(const uint8_t *data, size_t size) {
     if (this->udp_client_.beginPacketMulticast(saddr, this->broadcast_port_, iface, 128) != 0) {
       this->udp_client_.write(data, size);
       auto result = this->udp_client_.endPacket();
-      if (result == 0)
+      if (result == 0) {
         ESP_LOGW(TAG, "udp.write() error");
+      }
     }
   }
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/ufire_ec/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ufire_ec/sensor.py
index 1d8775ccf0..9d989ad4e6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ufire_ec/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ufire_ec/sensor.py
@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_MILLISIEMENS_PER_CENTIMETER,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -63,7 +66,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     cg.add(var.set_temperature_compensation(config[CONF_TEMPERATURE_COMPENSATION]))
@@ -99,7 +102,12 @@ UFIRE_EC_CALIBRATE_PROBE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     UFIRE_EC_CALIBRATE_PROBE_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def ufire_ec_calibrate_probe_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def ufire_ec_calibrate_probe_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
     solution_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_SOLUTION], args, cg.float_)
@@ -122,6 +130,11 @@ UFIRE_EC_RESET_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     UFIRE_EC_RESET_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def ufire_ec_reset_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def ufire_ec_reset_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ufire_ise/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ufire_ise/sensor.py
index 23254b2f47..c7e3b6f28d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ufire_ise/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ufire_ise/sensor.py
@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PH,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -60,7 +63,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
@@ -93,7 +96,12 @@ UFIRE_ISE_CALIBRATE_PROBE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     UFIRE_ISE_CALIBRATE_PROBE_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def ufire_ise_calibrate_probe_low_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def ufire_ise_calibrate_probe_low_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_SOLUTION], args, cg.float_)
@@ -107,7 +115,12 @@ async def ufire_ise_calibrate_probe_low_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg,
     UFIRE_ISE_CALIBRATE_PROBE_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def ufire_ise_calibrate_probe_high_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def ufire_ise_calibrate_probe_high_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_SOLUTION], args, cg.float_)
@@ -124,6 +137,11 @@ UFIRE_ISE_RESET_SCHEMA = cv.Schema({cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(UFireISEComponent
     UFIRE_ISE_RESET_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def ufire_ise_reset_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def ufire_ise_reset_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ufm01/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ufm01/__init__.py
index 51cf3cfd91..ca0ea57796 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ufm01/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ufm01/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@ljungqvist"]
 
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ufm01/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/ufm01/binary_sensor.py
index 92ae585d96..59583357e4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ufm01/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ufm01/binary_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import DEVICE_CLASS_PROBLEM, ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_UFM01_ID, UFM01Component
 
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     ufm01_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_UFM01_ID])
 
     if ufc_chip_error_config := config.get(CONF_UFC_CHIP_ERROR):
diff --git a/esphome/components/ufm01/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ufm01/sensor.py
index 4dcd7ceebe..e3281f0b2d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ufm01/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ufm01/sensor.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CUBIC_METER_PER_HOUR,
     UNIT_LITRE,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_UFM01_ID, UFM01Component
 
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     ufm01_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_UFM01_ID])
 
     if CONF_ACCUMULATED_FLOW in config:
diff --git a/esphome/components/ufm01/ufm01.cpp b/esphome/components/ufm01/ufm01.cpp
index 1380c34284..bafdb5d853 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ufm01/ufm01.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ufm01/ufm01.cpp
@@ -4,13 +4,23 @@
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 #include <array>
+#include <cinttypes>
+#include <cstring>
 
 namespace esphome::ufm01 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "ufm01";
 
 static constexpr uint8_t COMMAND_ACK = 0xE5;
-static constexpr uint32_t COMMAND_ACK_TIMEOUT_MS = 200;
+static constexpr uint32_t COMMAND_ACK_TIMEOUT_MS = 500;
+static constexpr uint32_t STARTUP_DELAY_MS = 2000;
+static constexpr uint32_t POST_RESET_DELAY_MS = 2000;
+static constexpr uint32_t RESET_RETRY_DELAY_MS = 800;
+static constexpr uint32_t STARTUP_RETRY_MS = 3000;
+static constexpr uint32_t PASSIVE_POLL_INTERVAL_MS = 1000;
+static constexpr uint32_t ACTIVE_STALE_MS = 5000;
+static constexpr uint32_t PASSIVE_READ_TIMEOUT_MS = 1000;
+static constexpr uint32_t ACTIVE_FRAME_TIMEOUT_MS = 3000;
 
 static constexpr float L_PER_M3 = 1000.0f;
 static constexpr float M3_PER_L = 1.0f / L_PER_M3;
@@ -18,12 +28,14 @@ static constexpr float M3_PER_L = 1.0f / L_PER_M3;
 static constexpr std::array<uint8_t, 7> ACTIVE_MODE = {0xFE, 0xFE, 0x11, 0x5C, 0x00, 0x5C, 0x16};
 static constexpr std::array<uint8_t, 7> CLEAR_ACCUMULATED_FLOW = {0xFE, 0xFE, 0x11, 0x5A, 0xFD, 0x57, 0x16};
 static constexpr std::array<uint8_t, 7> RESET_DEVICE = {0xFE, 0xFE, 0x11, 0x5D, 0xCB, 0x28, 0x16};
+static constexpr std::array<uint8_t, 7> READ_SENSOR_DATA_NO_ID = {0xFE, 0xFE, 0x11, 0x5B, 0x0F, 0x6A, 0x16};
 
 // Active-mode frame layout (datasheet Table 7)
 static constexpr size_t FRAME_CHECKSUM_INDEX = 30;
 static constexpr size_t FRAME_STOP_INDEX = 31;
 static constexpr uint8_t FRAME_START_BYTE_1 = 0x3C;
 static constexpr uint8_t FRAME_START_BYTE_2 = 0x32;
+static constexpr uint8_t PASSIVE_START_BYTE_2 = 0x64;
 static constexpr uint8_t FRAME_STOP_BYTE = 0x16;
 static constexpr uint8_t FRAME_INDEX_INSTANT_FLOW_FLAG = 15;
 static constexpr uint8_t FRAME_INDEX_RESERVED_SECTION = 21;
@@ -55,7 +67,7 @@ static bool check_byte(const uint8_t data[FRAME_SIZE], size_t index, uint8_t exp
   return false;
 }
 
-static bool validate_data(uint8_t data[FRAME_SIZE]) {
+static bool validate_active_frame(const uint8_t data[FRAME_SIZE]) {
   uint8_t sum = 0;
   for (size_t i = 0; i < FRAME_CHECKSUM_INDEX; ++i)
     sum += data[i];
@@ -68,13 +80,43 @@ static bool validate_data(uint8_t data[FRAME_SIZE]) {
          check_byte(data, FRAME_STOP_INDEX, FRAME_STOP_BYTE, "stop byte");
 }
 
-static float read_accumulated_flow(uint8_t data[FRAME_SIZE]) {
+static bool validate_passive_frame(const uint8_t data[PASSIVE_FRAME_SIZE]) {
+  if (data[0] != FRAME_START_BYTE_1 || data[1] != PASSIVE_START_BYTE_2 || data[22] != FRAME_STOP_BYTE)
+    return false;
+  uint8_t sum = 0;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < 21; ++i)
+    sum += data[i];
+  return data[21] == (sum & 0xFF);
+}
+
+static void passive_no_id_to_active_frame(const uint8_t passive[PASSIVE_FRAME_SIZE], uint8_t active[FRAME_SIZE]) {
+  std::memset(active, 0, FRAME_SIZE);
+  active[0] = FRAME_START_BYTE_1;
+  active[1] = FRAME_START_BYTE_2;
+  active[7] = 0x01;
+  active[8] = passive[2];
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < 6; ++i)
+    active[9 + i] = passive[3 + i];
+  active[15] = passive[9];
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
+    active[16 + i] = passive[10 + i];
+  active[21] = FRAME_FLAG_RESERVED_SECTION;
+  active[24] = passive[15];
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
+    active[25 + i] = passive[16 + i];
+  active[28] = passive[19];
+  active[29] = passive[20];
+  active[30] = passive[21];
+  active[31] = FRAME_STOP_BYTE;
+}
+
+static float read_accumulated_flow(const uint8_t data[FRAME_SIZE]) {
   return (data[FRAME_ACC_FLOW_FLAG_INDEX] == ACC_FLOW_M3_FLAG ? L_PER_M3 : 1.0f) *
          (to_float(data[14]) * 10000000.0f + to_float(data[13]) * 100000.0f + to_float(data[12]) * 1000.0f +
           to_float(data[11]) * 10.0f + to_float(data[10]) * 0.1f + to_float(data[9]) * 0.001f);
 }
 
-static float read_flow(uint8_t data[FRAME_SIZE]) {
+static float read_flow(const uint8_t data[FRAME_SIZE]) {
   return (data[FRAME_FLOW_SIGN_INDEX] == FLOW_NEGATIVE_SIGN ? -1.0f : 1.0f) *
          (to_float(data[19]) * 10000.0f + to_float(data[18]) * 100.0f + to_float(data[17]) +
           to_float(data[16]) * 0.01f) *
@@ -86,7 +128,7 @@ static void log_hex(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s", format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, data, len, ' '));
 }
 
-static float read_temperature(uint8_t data[FRAME_SIZE]) {
+static float read_temperature(const uint8_t data[FRAME_SIZE]) {
   // happens sometimes before getting a real reading
   if (data[27] == 0x00 && (data[26] == 0x00 || data[26] == 0x70) && data[25] == 0x00) {
     return NAN;
@@ -106,19 +148,39 @@ static bool read_flow_rate_out_of_range(const uint8_t data[FRAME_SIZE]) {
   return data[FRAME_ST2_INDEX] & ST2_FLOW_RATE_OUT_OF_RANGE_MASK;
 }
 
-bool UFM01Component::send_command_(const std::array<uint8_t, 7> &command) {
+void UFM01Component::flush_rx_() {
+  while (this->available()) {
+    uint8_t byte;
+    this->read_byte(&byte);
+  }
+  this->read_index_ = 0;
+}
+
+void UFM01Component::send_command_no_wait_(const std::array<uint8_t, 7> &command) {
+  this->flush_rx_();
   this->write_array(command);
   this->flush();
+}
+
+// Drains whatever is currently in the RX buffer, looking for a command ACK.
+bool UFM01Component::consume_ack_() {
+  while (this->available()) {
+    uint8_t byte;
+    if (!this->read_byte(&byte))
+      return false;
+    if (byte == COMMAND_ACK)
+      return true;
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Unexpected byte while waiting for command ACK: 0x%02X", byte);
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool UFM01Component::send_command_(const std::array<uint8_t, 7> &command) {
+  this->send_command_no_wait_(command);
   const uint32_t start = millis();
   while (millis() - start < COMMAND_ACK_TIMEOUT_MS) {
-    if (this->available()) {
-      uint8_t byte;
-      if (this->read_byte(&byte)) {
-        if (byte == COMMAND_ACK)
-          return true;
-        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Unexpected byte while waiting for command ACK: 0x%02X", byte);
-      }
-    }
+    if (this->consume_ack_())
+      return true;
     delay(1);
   }
   return false;
@@ -130,14 +192,12 @@ bool UFM01Component::clear_accumulated_flow_() { return this->send_command_(CLEA
 
 bool UFM01Component::set_active_mode_() { return this->send_command_(ACTIVE_MODE); }
 
-float UFM01Component::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::IO; }
+float UFM01Component::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::LATE; }
 
 void UFM01Component::setup() {
   ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Setting up UFM-01...");
-  if (!this->set_active_mode_()) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to set active mode (no ACK from device)");
-    this->mark_failed();
-  }
+  this->startup_wait_ms_ = STARTUP_DELAY_MS;
+  this->set_startup_phase_(StartupPhase::WAIT);
 }
 
 void UFM01Component::dump_config() {
@@ -154,12 +214,9 @@ void UFM01Component::dump_config() {
   LOG_BINARY_SENSOR("  ", "Flow Rate Out Of Range", this->flow_rate_out_of_range_binary_sensor_);
 #endif
   this->check_uart_settings(2400, 1, uart::UART_CONFIG_PARITY_EVEN, 8);
-  if (this->is_failed()) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Setup failed: active mode not acknowledged by device");
-  }
 }
 
-void UFM01Component::on_data_(uint8_t data[FRAME_SIZE]) {
+void UFM01Component::on_active_frame_(uint8_t data[FRAME_SIZE]) {
   bool empty_tube = read_empty_tube(data);
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
   if (this->ufc_chip_error_binary_sensor_ != nullptr)
@@ -189,10 +246,14 @@ void UFM01Component::on_data_(uint8_t data[FRAME_SIZE]) {
       this->temperature_sensor_->publish_state(read_temperature(data));
   }
 #endif
+  this->last_valid_frame_ms_ = millis();
+  this->status_clear_warning();
+  this->status_clear_error();
 }
 
-void UFM01Component::loop() {
-  // Drain the UART buffer each loop, reading one byte at a time into the frame
+bool UFM01Component::process_active_stream_() {
+  bool got_valid_frame = false;
+
   while (this->available()) {
     if (!this->read_byte(&this->data_[this->read_index_])) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "unable to read byte");
@@ -201,23 +262,22 @@ void UFM01Component::loop() {
     }
     if ((this->read_index_ == 0 && this->data_[0] != FRAME_START_BYTE_1) ||
         (this->read_index_ == 1 && this->data_[1] != FRAME_START_BYTE_2)) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "not start of data at %d (is 0x%02X)", this->read_index_, this->data_[this->read_index_]);
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "not start of data at %d (is 0x%02X)", this->read_index_, this->data_[this->read_index_]);
       this->read_index_ = 0;
       continue;
     }
     if (++this->read_index_ < static_cast<int32_t>(FRAME_SIZE))
       continue;
 
-    // Full frame received
-    if (validate_data(this->data_)) {
-      this->on_data_(this->data_);
+    if (validate_active_frame(this->data_)) {
+      this->on_active_frame_(this->data_);
       this->read_index_ = 0;
+      got_valid_frame = true;
       continue;
     }
 
-    // Invalid frame: try to resync on the next start marker within the buffer
     log_hex(this->data_, sizeof(this->data_));
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "unable to read data");
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "unable to read data");
     for (int32_t i = 2;
          i < static_cast<int32_t>(FRAME_STOP_INDEX) && this->read_index_ == static_cast<int32_t>(FRAME_SIZE); ++i) {
       if ((this->data_[i] == FRAME_START_BYTE_1) && (this->data_[i + 1] == FRAME_START_BYTE_2)) {
@@ -229,6 +289,190 @@ void UFM01Component::loop() {
     if (this->read_index_ == static_cast<int32_t>(FRAME_SIZE))
       this->read_index_ = 0;
   }
+
+  return got_valid_frame;
+}
+
+void UFM01Component::set_startup_phase_(StartupPhase phase) {
+  this->startup_phase_ = phase;
+  this->phase_start_ms_ = millis();
+}
+
+void UFM01Component::enter_active_stream_(const char *reason) {
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "UFM-01 active stream %s", reason);
+  this->operating_mode_ = OperatingMode::ACTIVE_STREAM;
+  this->passive_read_pending_ = false;
+}
+
+void UFM01Component::start_passive_read_() {
+  this->send_command_no_wait_(READ_SENSOR_DATA_NO_ID);
+  this->passive_index_ = 0;
+  this->passive_start_ms_ = millis();
+}
+
+// Accumulates the reply to a passive read request across loop iterations.
+PassiveReadResult UFM01Component::continue_passive_read_() {
+  while (this->available() && this->passive_index_ < PASSIVE_FRAME_SIZE) {
+    uint8_t byte;
+    if (!this->read_byte(&byte))
+      break;
+
+    if (this->passive_index_ == 0 && byte != FRAME_START_BYTE_1)
+      continue;
+    if (this->passive_index_ == 1 && byte != PASSIVE_START_BYTE_2) {
+      // The mismatched byte may itself be the start of the real frame
+      this->passive_index_ = (byte == FRAME_START_BYTE_1) ? 1 : 0;
+      continue;
+    }
+    this->passive_frame_[this->passive_index_++] = byte;
+  }
+
+  if (this->passive_index_ < PASSIVE_FRAME_SIZE) {
+    if (millis() - this->passive_start_ms_ < PASSIVE_READ_TIMEOUT_MS)
+      return PassiveReadResult::PASSIVE_READ_RESULT_PENDING;
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "passive read timeout (%zu/%zu bytes)", this->passive_index_, PASSIVE_FRAME_SIZE);
+    return PassiveReadResult::PASSIVE_READ_RESULT_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  if (!validate_passive_frame(this->passive_frame_)) {
+    log_hex(this->passive_frame_, PASSIVE_FRAME_SIZE);
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "invalid passive frame");
+    return PassiveReadResult::PASSIVE_READ_RESULT_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  uint8_t active_frame[FRAME_SIZE];
+  passive_no_id_to_active_frame(this->passive_frame_, active_frame);
+  this->on_active_frame_(active_frame);
+  return PassiveReadResult::PASSIVE_READ_RESULT_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+void UFM01Component::loop_startup_() {
+  const uint32_t elapsed = millis() - this->phase_start_ms_;
+
+  switch (this->startup_phase_) {
+    case StartupPhase::WAIT:
+      // Pick up an already-streaming device without resetting it
+      if (this->process_active_stream_()) {
+        this->enter_active_stream_("started");
+        return;
+      }
+      if (elapsed < this->startup_wait_ms_)
+        return;
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Running startup sequence");
+      this->status_set_warning("initializing UFM-01");
+      this->reset_retried_ = false;
+      this->send_command_no_wait_(RESET_DEVICE);
+      this->set_startup_phase_(StartupPhase::RESET_WAIT_ACK);
+      return;
+
+    case StartupPhase::RESET_WAIT_ACK:
+      if (this->consume_ack_()) {
+        this->set_startup_phase_(StartupPhase::POST_RESET_WAIT);
+        return;
+      }
+      if (elapsed < COMMAND_ACK_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        return;
+      if (!this->reset_retried_) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Reset not acknowledged, retrying in %" PRIu32 " ms", RESET_RETRY_DELAY_MS);
+        this->set_startup_phase_(StartupPhase::RESET_RETRY_WAIT);
+      } else {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Reset failed during startup");
+        this->set_startup_phase_(StartupPhase::POST_RESET_WAIT);
+      }
+      return;
+
+    case StartupPhase::RESET_RETRY_WAIT:
+      if (elapsed < RESET_RETRY_DELAY_MS)
+        return;
+      this->reset_retried_ = true;
+      this->send_command_no_wait_(RESET_DEVICE);
+      this->set_startup_phase_(StartupPhase::RESET_WAIT_ACK);
+      return;
+
+    case StartupPhase::POST_RESET_WAIT:
+      if (elapsed < POST_RESET_DELAY_MS)
+        return;
+      this->send_command_no_wait_(ACTIVE_MODE);
+      this->set_startup_phase_(StartupPhase::ACTIVE_WAIT_FRAME);
+      return;
+
+    case StartupPhase::ACTIVE_WAIT_FRAME:
+      // The command ACK (0xE5) is consumed by the frame parser as noise
+      if (this->process_active_stream_()) {
+        this->enter_active_stream_("started");
+        return;
+      }
+      if (elapsed < ACTIVE_FRAME_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        return;
+      this->start_passive_read_();
+      this->set_startup_phase_(StartupPhase::PASSIVE_WAIT_REPLY);
+      return;
+
+    case StartupPhase::PASSIVE_WAIT_REPLY:
+      switch (this->continue_passive_read_()) {
+        case PassiveReadResult::PASSIVE_READ_RESULT_PENDING:
+          return;
+        case PassiveReadResult::PASSIVE_READ_RESULT_SUCCESS:
+          ESP_LOGI(TAG, "UFM-01 using passive polling");
+          this->operating_mode_ = OperatingMode::PASSIVE_POLL;
+          this->passive_read_pending_ = false;
+          this->last_poll_ms_ = millis();
+          return;
+        case PassiveReadResult::PASSIVE_READ_RESULT_FAILURE:
+          ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Startup failed, retrying in %" PRIu32 " ms", STARTUP_RETRY_MS);
+          this->startup_wait_ms_ = STARTUP_RETRY_MS;
+          this->set_startup_phase_(StartupPhase::WAIT);
+          return;
+      }
+  }
+}
+
+void UFM01Component::loop_active_stream_() {
+  this->process_active_stream_();
+  if (this->last_valid_frame_ms_ != 0 && millis() - this->last_valid_frame_ms_ > ACTIVE_STALE_MS) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Active stream stale, switching to passive polling");
+    this->operating_mode_ = OperatingMode::PASSIVE_POLL;
+    this->passive_read_pending_ = false;
+    this->last_poll_ms_ = 0;
+    this->status_set_warning("UFM-01 passive poll");
+  }
+}
+
+void UFM01Component::loop_passive_poll_() {
+  if (this->passive_read_pending_) {
+    const PassiveReadResult result = this->continue_passive_read_();
+    if (result == PassiveReadResult::PASSIVE_READ_RESULT_PENDING)
+      return;
+    this->passive_read_pending_ = false;
+    if (result == PassiveReadResult::PASSIVE_READ_RESULT_FAILURE)
+      this->status_set_warning("UFM-01 passive poll failed");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (this->process_active_stream_()) {
+    this->enter_active_stream_("resumed");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (millis() - this->last_poll_ms_ >= PASSIVE_POLL_INTERVAL_MS) {
+    this->last_poll_ms_ = millis();
+    this->start_passive_read_();
+    this->passive_read_pending_ = true;
+  }
+}
+
+void UFM01Component::loop() {
+  switch (this->operating_mode_) {
+    case OperatingMode::STARTUP:
+      this->loop_startup_();
+      return;
+    case OperatingMode::ACTIVE_STREAM:
+      this->loop_active_stream_();
+      return;
+    case OperatingMode::PASSIVE_POLL:
+      this->loop_passive_poll_();
+      return;
+  }
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::ufm01
diff --git a/esphome/components/ufm01/ufm01.h b/esphome/components/ufm01/ufm01.h
index e759de9169..0a39dcc9af 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ufm01/ufm01.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ufm01/ufm01.h
@@ -11,12 +11,39 @@
 #include "esphome/components/uart/uart.h"
 
 #include <array>
+#include <cstdint>
 
 // component API definition at https://www.sciosense.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/UFM-01-Datasheet-1.pdf
 
 namespace esphome::ufm01 {
 
+namespace testing {
+class TestableUFM01;
+}  // namespace testing
+
 static constexpr size_t FRAME_SIZE = 32;
+static constexpr size_t PASSIVE_FRAME_SIZE = 23;
+
+enum class OperatingMode : uint8_t {
+  STARTUP = 0,
+  ACTIVE_STREAM = 1,
+  PASSIVE_POLL = 2,
+};
+
+enum class StartupPhase : uint8_t {
+  WAIT = 0,
+  RESET_WAIT_ACK = 1,
+  RESET_RETRY_WAIT = 2,
+  POST_RESET_WAIT = 3,
+  ACTIVE_WAIT_FRAME = 4,
+  PASSIVE_WAIT_REPLY = 5,
+};
+
+enum class PassiveReadResult : uint8_t {
+  PASSIVE_READ_RESULT_PENDING = 0,
+  PASSIVE_READ_RESULT_SUCCESS = 1,
+  PASSIVE_READ_RESULT_FAILURE = 2,
+};
 
 class UFM01Component : public uart::UARTDevice, public Component {
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
@@ -48,10 +75,37 @@ class UFM01Component : public uart::UARTDevice, public Component {
 
  private:
   bool send_command_(const std::array<uint8_t, 7> &command);
+  void send_command_no_wait_(const std::array<uint8_t, 7> &command);
+  bool consume_ack_();
+  void flush_rx_();
+  bool process_active_stream_();
+  void on_active_frame_(uint8_t data[FRAME_SIZE]);
+
+  void loop_startup_();
+  void loop_active_stream_();
+  void loop_passive_poll_();
+  void set_startup_phase_(StartupPhase phase);
+  void enter_active_stream_(const char *reason);
+  void start_passive_read_();
+  PassiveReadResult continue_passive_read_();
+
+  OperatingMode operating_mode_{OperatingMode::STARTUP};
+  StartupPhase startup_phase_{StartupPhase::WAIT};
+  uint32_t phase_start_ms_{0};
+  uint32_t startup_wait_ms_{0};
+  bool reset_retried_{false};
+  uint32_t last_valid_frame_ms_{0};
+  uint32_t last_poll_ms_{0};
+
+  bool passive_read_pending_{false};
+  uint32_t passive_start_ms_{0};
+  size_t passive_index_{0};
+  uint8_t passive_frame_[PASSIVE_FRAME_SIZE];
 
   int32_t read_index_ = 0;
   uint8_t data_[FRAME_SIZE];
-  void on_data_(uint8_t data[FRAME_SIZE]);
+
+  friend class testing::TestableUFM01;
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::ufm01
diff --git a/esphome/components/uln2003/stepper.py b/esphome/components/uln2003/stepper.py
index b57d7ffb92..03fd254d17 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uln2003/stepper.py
+++ b/esphome/components/uln2003/stepper.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_SLEEP_WHEN_DONE,
     CONF_STEP_MODE,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 uln2003_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("uln2003")
 ULN2003StepMode = uln2003_ns.enum("ULN2003StepMode")
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = stepper.STEPPER_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await stepper.register_stepper(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ultrasonic/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ultrasonic/sensor.py
index fad4e6b11d..25973447f6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ultrasonic/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ultrasonic/sensor.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_METER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/update/__init__.py b/esphome/components/update/__init__.py
index 18d333a5ef..5ebe58881d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/update/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/update/__init__.py
@@ -14,14 +14,15 @@ from esphome.const import (
     DEVICE_CLASS_FIRMWARE,
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import (
     entity_duplicate_validator,
     queue_entity_register,
     setup_device_class,
     setup_entity,
 )
-from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, MockObjClass, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
 IS_PLATFORM_COMPONENT = True
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ def update_schema(
 
 
 @setup_entity("update")
-async def setup_update_core_(var, config):
+async def setup_update_core_(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     setup_device_class(config)
 
     if on_update_available := config.get(CONF_ON_UPDATE_AVAILABLE):
@@ -113,7 +114,7 @@ async def setup_update_core_(var, config):
         await web_server.add_entity_config(var, web_server_config)
 
 
-async def register_update(var, config):
+async def register_update(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if not CORE.has_id(config[CONF_ID]):
         var = cg.Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], var)
     queue_entity_register("update", config)
@@ -121,14 +122,14 @@ async def register_update(var, config):
     await setup_update_core_(var, config)
 
 
-async def new_update(config):
+async def new_update(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await register_update(var, config)
     return var
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.CORE)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_global(update_ns.using)
 
 
@@ -145,7 +146,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def update_perform_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def update_perform_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
 
@@ -164,7 +170,12 @@ async def update_perform_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def update_check_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def update_check_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
@@ -180,8 +191,11 @@ async def update_check_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     ),
 )
 async def update_is_available_condition_to_code(
-    config, condition_id, template_arg, args
-):
+    config: ConfigType,
+    condition_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/__init__.py b/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/__init__.py
index 9588b0df7f..093408e868 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import time, uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ADDRESS, CONF_ID, CONF_TIME_ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kroimon"]
 
@@ -61,7 +63,7 @@ UPONOR_SMATRIX_DEVICE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_global(uponor_smatrix_ns.using)
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
@@ -74,7 +76,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             cg.add(var.set_time_device_address(time_device_address))
 
 
-async def register_uponor_smatrix_device(var, config):
+async def register_uponor_smatrix_device(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_UPONOR_SMATRIX_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_parent(parent))
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_ADDRESS]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/climate/__init__.py b/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/climate/__init__.py
index 47495fde9a..e80f59df24 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/climate/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/climate/__init__.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     UPONOR_SMATRIX_DEVICE_SCHEMA,
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate.climate_schema(UponorSmatrixClimate).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await climate.new_climate(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await register_uponor_smatrix_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/sensor/__init__.py
index f2b34538ba..52e755f005 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     UPONOR_SMATRIX_DEVICE_SCHEMA,
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(UPONOR_SMATRIX_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await register_uponor_smatrix_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/uponor_smatrix.cpp b/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/uponor_smatrix.cpp
index 0ba19f5cd7..c77f3468c7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/uponor_smatrix.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/uponor_smatrix.cpp
@@ -110,8 +110,9 @@ bool UponorSmatrixComponent::parse_byte_(uint8_t byte) {
   // Handle packet
   size_t data_len = (packet_len - 6) / 3;
   if (data_len == 0) {
-    if (packet[4] == UPONOR_ID_REQUEST)
+    if (packet[4] == UPONOR_ID_REQUEST) {
       ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Ignoring request packet for device 0x%08" PRIX32 "", device_address);
+    }
     return true;
   }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/__init__.py
index e2a7aee1a2..a13d6cd7fd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import sensor, time
+from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_defines
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TIME_ID,
@@ -10,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING,
     UNIT_SECOND,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 uptime_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("uptime")
 UptimeSecondsSensor = uptime_ns.class_(
@@ -53,9 +55,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.typed_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     if time_id_config := config.get(CONF_TIME_ID):
         time_id = await cg.get_variable(time_id_config)
         cg.add(var.set_time(time_id))
+        cg.add_define("USE_UPTIME_TIMESTAMP")
+
+
+FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_defines(
+    {"uptime_timestamp_sensor.cpp": "USE_UPTIME_TIMESTAMP"}
+)
diff --git a/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/uptime_timestamp_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/uptime_timestamp_sensor.cpp
index 4e0f06be1c..e8b8a21562 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/uptime_timestamp_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/uptime_timestamp_sensor.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include "uptime_timestamp_sensor.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_TIME
+#ifdef USE_UPTIME_TIMESTAMP
 
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
@@ -34,4 +34,4 @@ void UptimeTimestampSensor::dump_config() {
 
 }  // namespace esphome::uptime
 
-#endif  // USE_TIME
+#endif  // USE_UPTIME_TIMESTAMP
diff --git a/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/uptime_timestamp_sensor.h b/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/uptime_timestamp_sensor.h
index 5b837cbce1..c0e00a14fe 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/uptime_timestamp_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/uptime_timestamp_sensor.h
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_TIME
+#ifdef USE_UPTIME_TIMESTAMP
 
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.h"
@@ -25,4 +25,4 @@ class UptimeTimestampSensor final : public sensor::Sensor, public Component {
 
 }  // namespace esphome::uptime
 
-#endif  // USE_TIME
+#endif  // USE_UPTIME_TIMESTAMP
diff --git a/esphome/components/uptime/text_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/uptime/text_sensor/__init__.py
index 6b91b526c0..ed6a99c405 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uptime/text_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/uptime/text_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
     ICON_TIMER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 uptime_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("uptime")
 UptimeTextSensor = uptime_ns.class_(
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     format = config[CONF_FORMAT]
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(
         config[CONF_ID],
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm.h b/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm.h
index 8e71fc61b2..d8eb91586a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm.h
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm.h
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/lock_free_queue.h"
 #include "esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h"
 
+#include <atomic>
 #include <functional>
 #include "freertos/ringbuf.h"
 #include "tinyusb_cdc_acm.h"
@@ -96,10 +97,26 @@ class USBCDCACMInstance final : public uart::UARTComponent, public Parented<USBC
 
   // Process queued events and invoke callbacks (called from main loop)
   void process_events_();
+  // True while TX bytes are still in the ring buffer or held by the TX task
+  bool tx_pending_();
   TaskHandle_t usb_tx_task_handle_{nullptr};
 
   RingbufHandle_t usb_tx_ringbuf_{nullptr};
   RingbufHandle_t usb_rx_ringbuf_{nullptr};
+  // Non-zero while the TX task holds bytes it has pulled from the ring buffer but not
+  // yet handed to TinyUSB; lets flush() account for data that is in neither the ring
+  // buffer nor TinyUSB's FIFO.
+  // Threading: written only by usb_tx_task(); read by flush()'s bounded wait on the
+  // caller's task (typically the main loop).
+  // std::atomic<uint8_t> rather than std::atomic<bool> because GCC on Xtensa
+  // generates an indirect function call for atomic<bool> ops instead of inlining
+  // them; atomic<uint8_t> inlines correctly on all platforms.
+  std::atomic<uint8_t> usb_tx_busy_{0};
+  // Running total of bytes dropped by write_array() (never reset), and the timestamp
+  // of the last "buffer full" log line (throttled so a sustained host stall doesn't
+  // flood the log).
+  uint32_t tx_dropped_bytes_{0};
+  uint32_t tx_dropped_log_ms_{0};
   // RX buffer for peek functionality
   uint8_t peek_buffer_{0};
   bool has_peek_{false};
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm_esp32.cpp b/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm_esp32.cpp
index 859d6cbaea..e46369660d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm_esp32.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm_esp32.cpp
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
     defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S31) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H4)
 #include "usb_cdc_acm.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 #include <cstring>
@@ -24,6 +25,13 @@ static constexpr size_t USB_CDC_MAX_LOG_BYTES = 168;
 static constexpr size_t USB_TX_TASK_STACK_SIZE = 4096;
 static constexpr size_t USB_TX_TASK_STACK_SIZE_VV = 8192;
 
+// Upper bound on how long flush() may block in total: the TX ring buffer drain and
+// the final TinyUSB flush share this budget.
+static constexpr uint32_t FLUSH_TIMEOUT_MS = 100;
+
+// Minimum interval between repeated warnings while a host stall persists.
+static constexpr uint32_t LOG_THROTTLE_MS = 1000;
+
 static USBCDCACMInstance *get_instance_by_itf(int itf) {
   if (global_usb_cdc_component == nullptr) {
     return nullptr;
@@ -186,11 +194,21 @@ void USBCDCACMInstance::usb_tx_task_fn(void *arg) {
 void USBCDCACMInstance::usb_tx_task() {
   uint8_t data[CONFIG_TINYUSB_CDC_TX_BUFSIZE] = {0};
   size_t tx_data_size = 0;
+  // Back-dated so a stall within the first LOG_THROTTLE_MS of uptime still logs
+  // immediately (unsigned arithmetic keeps this wrap-safe).
+  uint32_t stall_log_ms = millis() - LOG_THROTTLE_MS;
 
   while (true) {
+    // Not holding any data while blocked waiting for more.
+    this->usb_tx_busy_ = 0;
+
     // Wait for a notification from the bridge component
     ulTaskNotifyTake(pdTRUE, portMAX_DELAY);
 
+    // Raise the busy flag before pulling data out of the ring buffer, so at every
+    // instant flush() sees pending bytes in the ring buffer count or in this flag.
+    this->usb_tx_busy_ = 1;
+
     // When we do wake up, we can be sure there is data in the ring buffer
     esp_err_t ret = ringbuf_read_bytes(this->usb_tx_ringbuf_, data, CONFIG_TINYUSB_CDC_TX_BUFSIZE, &tx_data_size, 0);
 
@@ -224,11 +242,50 @@ void USBCDCACMInstance::usb_tx_task() {
       esp_err_t flush_ret =
           tinyusb_cdcacm_write_flush(static_cast<tinyusb_cdcacm_itf_t>(this->itf_), pdMS_TO_TICKS(10));
 
-      if (flush_ret != ESP_OK) {
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "USB TX itf=%d: flush failed", this->itf_);
-        tud_cdc_n_write_clear(this->itf_);
-        break;
+      if (flush_ret == ESP_OK) {
+        continue;
       }
+
+      // Bytes not yet handed to TinyUSB plus bytes still sitting in its transmit FIFO.
+      // tud_cdc_n_write_occupied() is not public API in the pinned TinyUSB release, so
+      // derive the occupancy from the FIFO depth TinyUSB itself is configured with.
+      const size_t pending = tx_data_size + (CFG_TUD_CDC_TX_BUFSIZE - tud_cdc_n_write_available(this->itf_));
+
+      // A flush timeout only means TinyUSB's transmit FIFO did not fully drain within
+      // the wait window; the queued bytes are untouched and TinyUSB keeps sending them
+      // from its transfer-complete callback once the host polls again. Clearing the
+      // FIFO here would discard the tail of a frame whose head is already on the wire,
+      // corrupting the stream mid-frame. Hold the data and retry instead; sustained
+      // backpressure then propagates to the ring buffer, which drops whole writes with
+      // a warning instead of splitting a frame.
+      //
+      // Gate the retry on DTR (tud_cdc_n_connected()) rather than tud_ready(): an
+      // enumerated-but-idle host (no application holding the port open) never polls
+      // the IN endpoint, so retrying on tud_ready() alone would wedge this task -- and
+      // stall every write_array()/flush() caller behind a full ring buffer -- for as
+      // long as the board sits plugged into an idle PC. DTR means an application has
+      // the port open and is expected to eventually read.
+      if (flush_ret == ESP_ERR_TIMEOUT && tud_cdc_n_connected(this->itf_)) {
+        const uint32_t now = millis();
+        if ((now - stall_log_ms) >= LOG_THROTTLE_MS) {
+          stall_log_ms = now;
+          ESP_LOGW(TAG, "USB TX itf=%d: host not reading; %zu bytes pending", this->itf_, pending);
+        }
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      if (flush_ret == ESP_ERR_TIMEOUT) {
+        // No application has the port open (DTR deasserted) or the device is detached,
+        // so the data cannot be delivered. TinyUSB does not clear its transmit FIFO on
+        // bus reset; drop the data here so a stale partial frame is not replayed when
+        // the port is (re)opened.
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "USB TX itf=%d: not connected; dropping %zu bytes", this->itf_, pending);
+      } else {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "USB TX itf=%d: flush failed (%s); dropping %zu bytes", this->itf_, esp_err_to_name(flush_ret),
+                 pending);
+      }
+      tud_cdc_n_write_clear(this->itf_);
+      break;
     }
   }
 }
@@ -245,7 +302,19 @@ void USBCDCACMInstance::write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   // Write data to TX ring buffer
   BaseType_t send_res = xRingbufferSend(this->usb_tx_ringbuf_, data, len, 0);
   if (send_res != pdTRUE) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "USB TX itf=%d: buffer full, %u bytes dropped", this->itf_, len);
+    // During a sustained host stall the ring buffer stays full (that is the intended
+    // backpressure), so this path runs for every write; throttle the warning so the
+    // log stays readable. The counter is a running total that is never reset: each
+    // line reports all bytes dropped so far, so bytes dropped in the tail of one
+    // stall are still accounted for by the next line, whenever that is. It also makes
+    // the very first drop since boot detectable, which is logged unthrottled.
+    const bool first_drop = this->tx_dropped_bytes_ == 0;
+    this->tx_dropped_bytes_ += len;
+    const uint32_t now = millis();
+    if (first_drop || (now - this->tx_dropped_log_ms_) >= LOG_THROTTLE_MS) {
+      this->tx_dropped_log_ms_ = now;
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "USB TX itf=%d: buffer full, %" PRIu32 " bytes dropped total", this->itf_, this->tx_dropped_bytes_);
+    }
     return;
   }
 
@@ -326,27 +395,54 @@ size_t USBCDCACMInstance::available() {
   return waiting + (this->has_peek_ ? 1 : 0);
 }
 
+// True while TX bytes have not yet reached TinyUSB's FIFO: still counted in the ring
+// buffer, or held by the TX task (usb_tx_busy_) between pulling them from the ring
+// buffer and handing them to TinyUSB -- there they are in neither the ring buffer
+// count nor TinyUSB's FIFO.
+bool USBCDCACMInstance::tx_pending_() {
+  UBaseType_t waiting = 0;
+  vRingbufferGetInfo(this->usb_tx_ringbuf_, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, &waiting);
+  return waiting != 0 || this->usb_tx_busy_ != 0;
+}
+
 uart::UARTFlushResult USBCDCACMInstance::flush() {
-  // Wait for TX ring buffer to be empty
   if (this->usb_tx_ringbuf_ == nullptr) {
     return uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_ASSUMED_SUCCESS;
   }
 
-  UBaseType_t waiting = 1;
-  while (waiting > 0) {
-    vRingbufferGetInfo(this->usb_tx_ringbuf_, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, &waiting);
-    if (waiting > 0) {
-      vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(1));
+  // Bound the wait: when the host stalls or disconnects, the TX task holds on to
+  // pending data rather than discarding it, so the ring buffer may not drain for as
+  // long as the host stays away. flush() runs on the caller's (typically the main
+  // loop) task and must not block indefinitely. Signed tick differences keep the
+  // deadline arithmetic wrap-safe.
+  TickType_t now = xTaskGetTickCount();
+  const TickType_t deadline = now + pdMS_TO_TICKS(FLUSH_TIMEOUT_MS);
+  while (this->tx_pending_()) {
+    if (static_cast<int32_t>(now - deadline) >= 0) {
+      return uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_TIMEOUT;
     }
+    vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(1));
+    now = xTaskGetTickCount();
   }
 
-  // Also wait for USB to finish transmitting
-  esp_err_t err = tinyusb_cdcacm_write_flush(static_cast<tinyusb_cdcacm_itf_t>(this->itf_), pdMS_TO_TICKS(100));
-  if (err == ESP_OK)
-    return uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_SUCCESS;
-  if (err == ESP_ERR_TIMEOUT)
-    return uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_TIMEOUT;
-  return uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_FAILED;
+  // Also wait for USB to finish transmitting, within whatever remains of the budget.
+  // Floor at one tick: a zero-tick timeout takes esp_tinyusb's non-blocking branch,
+  // whose return contract is that library's internal detail and may differ between
+  // releases. One tick keeps the call on the blocking branch (ESP_OK/ESP_ERR_TIMEOUT)
+  // at the cost of at most one tick over budget.
+  const int32_t remaining = static_cast<int32_t>(deadline - now);
+  const TickType_t flush_ticks = remaining > 0 ? static_cast<TickType_t>(remaining) : 1;
+  switch (tinyusb_cdcacm_write_flush(static_cast<tinyusb_cdcacm_itf_t>(this->itf_), flush_ticks)) {
+    case ESP_OK:
+      return uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_SUCCESS;
+    case ESP_ERR_TIMEOUT:
+    // ESP_ERR_NOT_FINISHED is the non-blocking branch's "still draining" result;
+    // mapped like a timeout in case a future esp_tinyusb release returns it here.
+    case ESP_ERR_NOT_FINISHED:
+      return uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_TIMEOUT;
+    default:
+      return uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_FAILED;
+  }
 }
 
 void USBCDCACMInstance::check_logger_conflict() {}
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_host/__init__.py b/esphome/components/usb_host/__init__.py
index 70425c27ca..4abcc3a449 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_host/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_host/__init__.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from esphome.components.esp32 import (
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_DEVICES, CONF_ID
 from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
 from esphome.cpp_types import Component
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
@@ -30,7 +31,9 @@ CONF_MAX_TRANSFER_REQUESTS = "max_transfer_requests"
 CONF_MAX_PACKET_SIZE = "max_packet_size"
 
 
-def usb_device_schema(cls=USBClient, vid: int = None, pid: int = None) -> cv.Schema:
+def usb_device_schema(
+    cls=USBClient, vid: int | None = None, pid: int | None = None
+) -> cv.Schema:
     schema = cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA.extend(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(cls),
@@ -85,7 +88,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def register_usb_client(config):
+async def register_usb_client(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], config[CONF_VID], config[CONF_PID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/__init__.py b/esphome/components/usb_uart/__init__.py
index fcafea0651..0863bf0e2c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/__init__.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, ID
 from esphome.cpp_types import Component
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["uart", "usb_host", "bytebuffer"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@clydebarrow"]
@@ -63,14 +64,14 @@ DEFAULT_BAUD_RATE = 9600
 class Type:
     def __init__(
         self,
-        name,
-        vid,
-        pid,
-        cls,
-        max_channels=1,
-        baud_rate_required=True,
-        max_baud=1_000_000,
-    ):
+        name: str,
+        vid: int,
+        pid: int,
+        cls: str | None,
+        max_channels: int = 1,
+        baud_rate_required: bool = True,
+        max_baud: int = 1_000_000,
+    ) -> None:
         self.name = name
         cls = cls or name
         self.vid = vid
@@ -171,7 +172,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.ensure_list(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: list[ConfigType]) -> None:
     # The output chunk pool/queue are compile-time-sized templates shared by all
     # USBUartChannel instances, so use the largest buffer_size across every channel
     # of every device. Add one extra slot because LockFreeQueue<T,N> is a ring
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/ch34x.cpp b/esphome/components/usb_uart/ch34x.cpp
index abfed74f94..00c5e0b069 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/ch34x.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/ch34x.cpp
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ void USBUartTypeCH34X::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  CH34x chip: %s", this->chip_name_);
 }
 
-bool USBUartTypeCH34X::config_step(USBUartChannel *channel, uint8_t step, bool reload, bool ok,
+bool USBUartTypeCH34X::config_step(USBUartChannelBase *channel, uint8_t step, bool reload, bool ok,
                                    const uint8_t *response) {
   uint8_t cmd = 0xA1 + channel->index_;
   if (channel->index_ >= 2)
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/cp210x.cpp b/esphome/components/usb_uart/cp210x.cpp
index 2722ec8555..5551abe1a1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/cp210x.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/cp210x.cpp
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ std::vector<CdcEps> USBUartTypeCP210X::parse_descriptors(usb_device_handle_t dev
   return cdc_devs;
 }
 
-bool USBUartTypeCP210X::config_step(USBUartChannel *channel, uint8_t step, bool reload, bool ok,
+bool USBUartTypeCP210X::config_step(USBUartChannelBase *channel, uint8_t step, bool reload, bool ok,
                                     const uint8_t *response) {
   // On reload, skip the one-time IFC_ENABLE step (the interface is already enabled).
   if (reload)
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/ft23xx.cpp b/esphome/components/usb_uart/ft23xx.cpp
index 79aa107d72..fcebf0fbd9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/ft23xx.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/ft23xx.cpp
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ std::vector<CdcEps> USBUartTypeFT23XX::parse_descriptors(usb_device_handle_t dev
   return cdc_devs;
 }
 
-void USBUartTypeFT23XX::start_input(USBUartChannel *channel) {
+void USBUartTypeFT23XX::start_input(USBUartChannelBase *channel) {
   if (!channel->initialised_.load())
     return;
 
@@ -336,12 +336,12 @@ void USBUartTypeFT23XX::start_input(USBUartChannel *channel) {
   }
 }
 
-void USBUartTypeFT23XX::on_rx_overflow(USBUartChannel *channel) {
+void USBUartTypeFT23XX::on_rx_overflow(USBUartChannelBase *channel) {
   ESP_LOGW(TAG, "RX buffer overflow on channel %d, clearing to resync", channel->index_);
   channel->input_buffer_.clear();
 }
 
-bool USBUartTypeFT23XX::config_step(USBUartChannel *channel, uint8_t step, bool reload, bool ok,
+bool USBUartTypeFT23XX::config_step(USBUartChannelBase *channel, uint8_t step, bool reload, bool ok,
                                     const uint8_t *response) {
   // On reload (settings change on an open channel) skip the SIO reset; the FTDI set_termios
   // path only re-applies baud + line properties and does not re-assert DTR/RTS.
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/pl2303.cpp b/esphome/components/usb_uart/pl2303.cpp
index 3c7ecd9a83..db177fd308 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/pl2303.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/pl2303.cpp
@@ -194,8 +194,9 @@ std::vector<CdcEps> USBUartTypePL2303::parse_descriptors(usb_device_handle_t dev
     }
   }
 
-  if (cdc_devs.empty())
+  if (cdc_devs.empty()) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "PL2303: failed to find bulk IN+OUT endpoints");
+  }
 
   return cdc_devs;
 }
@@ -226,7 +227,7 @@ static const Pl2303InitStep PL2303_INIT[] = {
 };
 static constexpr uint8_t PL2303_INIT_COUNT = sizeof(PL2303_INIT) / sizeof(PL2303_INIT[0]);
 
-bool USBUartTypePL2303::config_step(USBUartChannel *channel, uint8_t step, bool reload, bool ok,
+bool USBUartTypePL2303::config_step(USBUartChannelBase *channel, uint8_t step, bool reload, bool ok,
                                     const uint8_t *response) {
   bool is_legacy = (this->chip_type_ == PL2303_TYPE_H);
   bool is_hxn = (this->chip_type_ == PL2303_TYPE_HXN);
@@ -292,8 +293,8 @@ bool USBUartTypePL2303::config_step(USBUartChannel *channel, uint8_t step, bool
       // Data bits
       line_coding[6] = channel->get_data_bits();
 
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "PL2303: SET_LINE_REQUEST baud=%u stop=%u parity=%u data=%u", baud, line_coding[4], line_coding[5],
-               line_coding[6]);
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "PL2303: SET_LINE_REQUEST baud=%" PRIu32 " stop=%u parity=%u data=%u", baud, line_coding[4],
+               line_coding[5], line_coding[6]);
 
       std::vector<uint8_t> lc_vec(line_coding, line_coding + 7);
       this->config_transfer_(SET_LINE_REQUEST_TYPE, SET_LINE_REQUEST, 0, iface, lc_vec);
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp
index c289625f1a..cf66e4c369 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ size_t RingBuffer::pop(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   }
   return len;
 }
-void USBUartChannel::write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+void USBUartChannelBase::write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   if (!this->initialised_.load()) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Channel not initialised - write ignored");
     return;
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ void USBUartChannel::write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   this->parent_->start_output(this);
 }
 
-uart::UARTFlushResult USBUartChannel::flush() {
+uart::UARTFlushResult USBUartChannelBase::flush() {
   // Spin until the output queue is drained and the last USB transfer completes.
   // Safe to call from the main loop only.
   // The flush_timeout_ms_ timeout guards against a device that stops responding mid-flush;
@@ -186,14 +186,14 @@ uart::UARTFlushResult USBUartChannel::flush() {
   return uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_SUCCESS;
 }
 
-bool USBUartChannel::peek_byte(uint8_t *data) {
+bool USBUartChannelBase::peek_byte(uint8_t *data) {
   if (this->input_buffer_.is_empty()) {
     return false;
   }
   *data = this->input_buffer_.peek();
   return true;
 }
-bool USBUartChannel::read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+bool USBUartChannelBase::read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   if (!this->initialised_.load()) {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Channel not initialised - read ignored");
     return false;
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ void USBUartComponent::dump_config() {
                   YESNO(channel->dummy_receiver_));
   }
 }
-void USBUartComponent::start_input(USBUartChannel *channel) {
+void USBUartComponent::start_input(USBUartChannelBase *channel) {
   if (!channel->initialised_.load())
     return;
   // THREAD CONTEXT: Called from both USB task and main loop threads
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ void USBUartComponent::start_input(USBUartChannel *channel) {
   }
 }
 
-void USBUartComponent::start_output(USBUartChannel *channel) {
+void USBUartComponent::start_output(USBUartChannelBase *channel) {
   // THREAD CONTEXT: Called from both main loop and USB task threads.
   // The output_queue_ is a lock-free SPSC queue, so pop() is safe from either thread.
   // The output_started_ atomic flag is claimed via compare_exchange to guarantee that
@@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ void USBUartTypeCdcAcm::on_disconnected() {
   USBClient::on_disconnected();
 }
 
-bool USBUartTypeCdcAcm::config_step(USBUartChannel *channel, uint8_t step, bool reload, bool ok,
+bool USBUartTypeCdcAcm::config_step(USBUartChannelBase *channel, uint8_t step, bool reload, bool ok,
                                     const uint8_t *response) {
   static constexpr uint8_t CDC_REQUEST_TYPE = usb_host::USB_TYPE_CLASS | usb_host::USB_RECIP_INTERFACE;
   static constexpr uint8_t CDC_SET_LINE_CODING = 0x20;
@@ -537,7 +537,7 @@ void USBUartComponent::enable_channels() {
   this->start_config_(false);
 }
 
-void USBUartComponent::apply_channel_settings(USBUartChannel *channel) {
+void USBUartComponent::apply_channel_settings(USBUartChannelBase *channel) {
   if (this->cfg_active_) {
     // A config sequence is already running. Defer this reload until it finishes to preserve
     // the one-control-transfer-at-a-time guarantee (restarting mid-flight would let an
@@ -620,7 +620,7 @@ bool USBUartComponent::run_config_machine_() {
     this->cfg_ok_ = true;
   }
 
-  USBUartChannel *channel =
+  USBUartChannelBase *channel =
       this->cfg_single_ != nullptr
           ? this->cfg_single_
           : (this->cfg_channel_idx_ < this->channels_.size() ? this->channels_[this->cfg_channel_idx_] : nullptr);
@@ -664,7 +664,7 @@ bool USBUartComponent::run_config_machine_() {
   return true;
 }
 
-void USBUartChannel::load_settings(bool /*dump_config*/) {
+void USBUartChannelBase::load_settings(bool /*dump_config*/) {
   // The per-channel control transfers already log their values at debug level.
   this->parent_->apply_channel_settings(this);
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h
index 5bb4c97796..00b34fb942 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ namespace esphome::usb_uart {
 
 class USBUartTypeCdcAcm;
 class USBUartComponent;
-class USBUartChannel;
+class USBUartChannelBase;
 class USBUartTypePL2303;
 
 static const char *const TAG = "usb_uart";
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ class RingBuffer {
 struct UsbDataChunk {
   uint8_t data[usb_host::USB_MAX_PACKET_SIZE];
   uint16_t length;
-  USBUartChannel *channel;
+  USBUartChannelBase *channel;
 
   // Required for EventPool - no cleanup needed for POD types
   void release() {}
@@ -126,7 +126,11 @@ struct UsbOutputChunk {
   void release() {}
 };
 
-class USBUartChannel final : public uart::UARTComponent, public Parented<USBUartComponent> {
+// Common, non-final base for all USB UART channel implementations.
+// Concrete channel types (USBUartChannel for CDC-style devices, vendor-specific
+// multiplexed channels like CH934X) derive from this and are themselves final,
+// per the "configurable classes are final" convention.
+class USBUartChannelBase : public uart::UARTComponent, public Parented<USBUartComponent> {
   friend class USBUartComponent;
   friend class USBUartTypeCdcAcm;
   friend class USBUartTypeCP210X;
@@ -139,7 +143,6 @@ class USBUartChannel final : public uart::UARTComponent, public Parented<USBUart
   // Computed as ceil(buffer_size / 64) + 1 in Python codegen; defaults to 5 (256 / 64 + 1).
   static constexpr uint8_t USB_OUTPUT_CHUNK_COUNT = USB_UART_OUTPUT_CHUNK_COUNT;
 
-  USBUartChannel(uint8_t index, uint16_t buffer_size) : input_buffer_(RingBuffer(buffer_size)), index_(index) {}
   void write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
   bool peek_byte(uint8_t *data) override;
   bool read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
@@ -162,6 +165,8 @@ class USBUartChannel final : public uart::UARTComponent, public Parented<USBUart
   void set_rx_callback(std::function<void()> cb) { this->rx_callback_ = std::move(cb); }
 
  protected:
+  // Not directly instantiable; construct a concrete channel type instead.
+  USBUartChannelBase(uint8_t index, uint16_t buffer_size) : input_buffer_(RingBuffer(buffer_size)), index_(index) {}
   void check_logger_conflict() override {}
   // Larger structures first (8+ bytes)
   RingBuffer input_buffer_;
@@ -185,33 +190,40 @@ class USBUartChannel final : public uart::UARTComponent, public Parented<USBUart
   bool dummy_receiver_{};
 };
 
+// Concrete channel type for CDC-style USB serial devices (2 bulk endpoints per
+// channel). All shared behavior lives in USBUartChannelBase.
+class USBUartChannel final : public USBUartChannelBase {
+ public:
+  USBUartChannel(uint8_t index, uint16_t buffer_size) : USBUartChannelBase(index, buffer_size) {}
+};
+
 class USBUartComponent : public usb_host::USBClient {
  public:
   USBUartComponent(uint16_t vid, uint16_t pid) : usb_host::USBClient(vid, pid) {}
   void setup() override;
   void loop() override;
   void dump_config() override;
-  std::vector<USBUartChannel *> get_channels() { return this->channels_; }
+  std::vector<USBUartChannelBase *> get_channels() { return this->channels_; }
 
-  void add_channel(USBUartChannel *channel) { this->channels_.push_back(channel); }
+  void add_channel(USBUartChannelBase *channel) { this->channels_.push_back(channel); }
 
-  virtual void start_input(USBUartChannel *channel);
-  void start_output(USBUartChannel *channel);
+  virtual void start_input(USBUartChannelBase *channel);
+  void start_output(USBUartChannelBase *channel);
 
   // Begin configuring all channels (full initialisation). Called from on_connected().
   void enable_channels();
   // Re-apply line settings to a single, already-open channel (used by
-  // USBUartChannel::load_settings()).
-  void apply_channel_settings(USBUartChannel *channel);
+  // USBUartChannelBase::load_settings()).
+  void apply_channel_settings(USBUartChannelBase *channel);
 
   // Called from loop() when input_buffer_ has insufficient space for the incoming chunk.
   // Default is a no-op; override in device-specific subclasses that need resync on overflow.
-  virtual void on_rx_overflow(USBUartChannel *channel) {}
+  virtual void on_rx_overflow(USBUartChannelBase *channel) {}
 
   // Lock-free data transfer from USB task to main loop
   static constexpr int USB_DATA_QUEUE_SIZE = 32;
   LockFreeQueue<UsbDataChunk, USB_DATA_QUEUE_SIZE> usb_data_queue_;
-  // Pool sized to queue capacity (SIZE-1) — see USBUartChannel::output_pool_ comment.
+  // Pool sized to queue capacity (SIZE-1) — see USBUartChannelBase::output_pool_ comment.
   EventPool<UsbDataChunk, USB_DATA_QUEUE_SIZE - 1> chunk_pool_;
 
  protected:
@@ -231,18 +243,19 @@ class USBUartComponent : public usb_host::USBClient {
   // next control transfer via config_transfer_() and return true, or return false when the
   // channel has no more steps. reload=true ⇒ apply only baud/parity/stop/data (skip
   // enable/reset/DTR-RTS). ok/response carry the previous step's result and IN data.
-  virtual bool config_step(USBUartChannel *channel, uint8_t step, bool reload, bool ok, const uint8_t *response) = 0;
+  virtual bool config_step(USBUartChannelBase *channel, uint8_t step, bool reload, bool ok,
+                           const uint8_t *response) = 0;
   // Optional one-time device-level setup run before the per-channel phase on init only
   // (e.g. CH34x chip detection). Same contract as config_step_(). Default: no steps.
   virtual bool config_device_step(uint8_t step, bool ok, const uint8_t *response) { return false; }
 
-  std::vector<USBUartChannel *> channels_{};
+  std::vector<USBUartChannelBase *> channels_{};
 
   // Config state machine
-  USBUartChannel *cfg_single_{nullptr};          // non-null: reload of a single channel
-  USBUartChannel *cfg_pending_reload_{nullptr};  // reload requested while the machine was busy
-  std::atomic<bool> cfg_done_{false};            // synchronizes cfg_ok_/cfg_response_ across threads
-  uint8_t cfg_response_[8]{};                    // last IN transfer payload (for detection reads)
+  USBUartChannelBase *cfg_single_{nullptr};          // non-null: reload of a single channel
+  USBUartChannelBase *cfg_pending_reload_{nullptr};  // reload requested while the machine was busy
+  std::atomic<bool> cfg_done_{false};                // synchronizes cfg_ok_/cfg_response_ across threads
+  uint8_t cfg_response_[8]{};                        // last IN transfer payload (for detection reads)
   uint8_t cfg_channel_idx_{0};
   uint8_t cfg_step_{0};
   bool cfg_active_{false};
@@ -260,7 +273,7 @@ class USBUartTypeCdcAcm : public USBUartComponent {
   virtual std::vector<CdcEps> parse_descriptors(usb_device_handle_t dev_hdl);
   void on_connected() override;
   void on_disconnected() override;
-  bool config_step(USBUartChannel *channel, uint8_t step, bool reload, bool ok, const uint8_t *response) override;
+  bool config_step(USBUartChannelBase *channel, uint8_t step, bool reload, bool ok, const uint8_t *response) override;
 };
 
 class USBUartTypeCP210X : public USBUartTypeCdcAcm {
@@ -269,7 +282,7 @@ class USBUartTypeCP210X : public USBUartTypeCdcAcm {
 
  protected:
   std::vector<CdcEps> parse_descriptors(usb_device_handle_t dev_hdl) override;
-  bool config_step(USBUartChannel *channel, uint8_t step, bool reload, bool ok, const uint8_t *response) override;
+  bool config_step(USBUartChannelBase *channel, uint8_t step, bool reload, bool ok, const uint8_t *response) override;
 };
 class USBUartTypeCH34X : public USBUartTypeCdcAcm {
  public:
@@ -277,7 +290,7 @@ class USBUartTypeCH34X : public USBUartTypeCdcAcm {
   void dump_config() override;
 
  protected:
-  bool config_step(USBUartChannel *channel, uint8_t step, bool reload, bool ok, const uint8_t *response) override;
+  bool config_step(USBUartChannelBase *channel, uint8_t step, bool reload, bool ok, const uint8_t *response) override;
   bool config_device_step(uint8_t step, bool ok, const uint8_t *response) override;
   std::vector<CdcEps> parse_descriptors(usb_device_handle_t dev_hdl) override;
 
@@ -291,12 +304,12 @@ class USBUartTypeFT23XX : public USBUartTypeCdcAcm {
  public:
   USBUartTypeFT23XX(uint16_t vid, uint16_t pid) : USBUartTypeCdcAcm(vid, pid) {}
 
-  void start_input(USBUartChannel *channel) override;
-  void on_rx_overflow(USBUartChannel *channel) override;
+  void start_input(USBUartChannelBase *channel) override;
+  void on_rx_overflow(USBUartChannelBase *channel) override;
 
  protected:
   std::vector<CdcEps> parse_descriptors(usb_device_handle_t dev_hdl) override;
-  bool config_step(USBUartChannel *channel, uint8_t step, bool reload, bool ok, const uint8_t *response) override;
+  bool config_step(USBUartChannelBase *channel, uint8_t step, bool reload, bool ok, const uint8_t *response) override;
 
   uint8_t chip_type_{255};
 };
@@ -312,14 +325,14 @@ enum Pl2303ChipType : uint8_t {
 };
 
 class USBUartTypePL2303 : public USBUartTypeCdcAcm {
-  friend class USBUartChannel;
+  friend class USBUartChannelBase;
 
  public:
   USBUartTypePL2303(uint16_t vid, uint16_t pid) : USBUartTypeCdcAcm(vid, pid) {}
 
  protected:
   std::vector<CdcEps> parse_descriptors(usb_device_handle_t dev_hdl) override;
-  bool config_step(USBUartChannel *channel, uint8_t step, bool reload, bool ok, const uint8_t *response) override;
+  bool config_step(USBUartChannelBase *channel, uint8_t step, bool reload, bool ok, const uint8_t *response) override;
 
   Pl2303ChipType chip_type_{PL2303_TYPE_UNKNOWN};
 };
diff --git a/esphome/components/valve/valve.cpp b/esphome/components/valve/valve.cpp
index 8fccd1e6d6..d8fb18b1b7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/valve/valve.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/valve/valve.cpp
@@ -120,10 +120,6 @@ ValveCall &ValveCall::set_stop(bool stop) {
   this->stop_ = stop;
   return *this;
 }
-bool ValveCall::get_stop() const { return this->stop_; }
-
-ValveCall Valve::make_call() { return {this}; }
-
 void Valve::publish_state(bool save) {
   this->position = clamp(this->position, 0.0f, 1.0f);
 
@@ -162,9 +158,6 @@ optional<ValveRestoreState> Valve::restore_state_() {
   return recovered;
 }
 
-bool Valve::is_fully_open() const { return this->position == VALVE_OPEN; }
-bool Valve::is_fully_closed() const { return this->position == VALVE_CLOSED; }
-
 ValveCall ValveRestoreState::to_call(Valve *valve) {
   auto call = valve->make_call();
   call.set_position(this->position);
diff --git a/esphome/components/valve/valve.h b/esphome/components/valve/valve.h
index c6cdf07096..183680e5e4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/valve/valve.h
+++ b/esphome/components/valve/valve.h
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class ValveCall {
   void perform();
 
   const optional<float> &get_position() const;
-  bool get_stop() const;
+  bool get_stop() const { return this->stop_; }
   const optional<bool> &get_toggle() const;
 
  protected:
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ class Valve : public EntityBase {
   float position;
 
   /// Construct a new valve call used to control the valve.
-  ValveCall make_call();
+  ValveCall make_call() { return {this}; }
 
   template<typename F> void add_on_state_callback(F &&f) { this->state_callback_.add(std::forward<F>(f)); }
 
@@ -130,9 +130,9 @@ class Valve : public EntityBase {
   virtual ValveTraits get_traits() = 0;
 
   /// Helper method to check if the valve is fully open. Equivalent to comparing .position against 1.0
-  bool is_fully_open() const;
+  bool is_fully_open() const { return this->position == VALVE_OPEN; }
   /// Helper method to check if the valve is fully closed. Equivalent to comparing .position against 0.0
-  bool is_fully_closed() const;
+  bool is_fully_closed() const { return this->position == VALVE_CLOSED; }
 
  protected:
   friend ValveCall;
diff --git a/esphome/components/vbus/__init__.py b/esphome/components/vbus/__init__.py
index 2663496456..94857050f2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/vbus/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/vbus/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@ssieb"]
 
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = uart.UART_DEVICE_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/vbus/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/vbus/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index 85f1172166..5c09a025f8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/vbus/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/vbus/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     DEVICE_CLASS_PROBLEM,
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     CONF_DELTASOL_BS2,
@@ -256,7 +257,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.typed_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/vbus/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/vbus/sensor/__init__.py
index 9c3665eb1c..e8a6ea7bfa 100644
--- a/esphome/components/vbus/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/vbus/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PERCENT,
     UNIT_WATT_HOURS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     CONF_DELTASOL_BS2,
@@ -650,7 +651,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.typed_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/veml3235/sensor.py b/esphome/components/veml3235/sensor.py
index 08d3685d1f..afff598869 100644
--- a/esphome/components/veml3235/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/veml3235/sensor.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_LUX,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ GAINS = {
 }
 
 
-def _validate_auto_gain_thresholds(config):
+def _validate_auto_gain_thresholds(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if config[CONF_AUTO_GAIN_THRESHOLD_LOW] >= config[CONF_AUTO_GAIN_THRESHOLD_HIGH]:
         raise cv.Invalid(
             f"'{CONF_AUTO_GAIN_THRESHOLD_LOW}' must be less than '{CONF_AUTO_GAIN_THRESHOLD_HIGH}'"
@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/veml7700/sensor.py b/esphome/components/veml7700/sensor.py
index d0d3584dc2..4afca4b868 100644
--- a/esphome/components/veml7700/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/veml7700/sensor.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
@@ -23,6 +25,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_LUX,
     UNIT_MILLISECOND,
 )
+from esphome.core import EnumValue
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@latonita"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -59,7 +63,7 @@ INTEGRATION_TIMES = {
 }
 
 
-def validate_integration_time(value):
+def validate_integration_time(value: Any) -> EnumValue:
     value = cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds(value).total_milliseconds
     return cv.enum(INTEGRATION_TIMES, int=True)(value)
 
@@ -151,7 +155,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/veml7700/veml7700.cpp b/esphome/components/veml7700/veml7700.cpp
index 594c9da170..6c609f4fe7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/veml7700/veml7700.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/veml7700/veml7700.cpp
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ ErrorCode VEML7700Component::configure_() {
 
 ErrorCode VEML7700Component::reconfigure_time_and_gain_(IntegrationTime time, Gain gain, bool shutdown) {
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Reconfigure time and gain (%d ms, %s) %s", get_itime_ms(time), get_gain_str(gain),
-           shutdown ? "Shutting down" : "Turning back on");
+           shutdown ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("Shutting down") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("Turning back on"));
 
   ConfigurationRegister als_conf{0};
   als_conf.raw = 0;
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ ErrorCode VEML7700Component::reconfigure_time_and_gain_(IntegrationTime time, Ga
   als_conf.ALS_GAIN = gain;
   auto err = this->write_register((uint8_t) CommandRegisters::ALS_CONF_0, als_conf.raw_bytes, VEML_REG_SIZE);
   if (err != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s failed", shutdown ? "Shutdown" : "Turn on");
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s failed", shutdown ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("Shutdown") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("Turn on"));
   }
 
   return err;
@@ -363,8 +363,8 @@ void VEML7700Component::apply_lux_calculation_(Readings &data) {
   data.fake_infrared_lux = reduce_to_zero(data.white_lux, data.als_lux);
 
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "%s mode - ALS = %.1f lx, WHITE = %.1f lx, FAKE_IR = %.1f lx",
-           this->automatic_mode_enabled_ ? "Automatic" : "Manual", data.als_lux, data.white_lux,
-           data.fake_infrared_lux);
+           this->automatic_mode_enabled_ ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("Automatic") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("Manual"), data.als_lux,
+           data.white_lux, data.fake_infrared_lux);
 }
 
 void VEML7700Component::apply_lux_compensation_(Readings &data) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/version/text_sensor.py b/esphome/components/version/text_sensor.py
index a55e18a5a7..cad239dc41 100644
--- a/esphome/components/version/text_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/version/text_sensor.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
     ICON_NEW_BOX,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 version_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("version")
 VersionTextSensor = version_ns.class_(
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     cg.add(var.set_hide_hash(config[CONF_HIDE_HASH]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/version/version_text_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/version/version_text_sensor.cpp
index 34c7aae6bc..15e6b0d088 100644
--- a/esphome/components/version/version_text_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/version/version_text_sensor.cpp
@@ -48,8 +48,6 @@ void VersionTextSensor::setup() {
   version_str[sizeof(version_str) - 1] = '\0';
   this->publish_state(version_str);
 }
-void VersionTextSensor::set_hide_hash(bool hide_hash) { this->hide_hash_ = hide_hash; }
-void VersionTextSensor::set_hide_timestamp(bool hide_timestamp) { this->hide_timestamp_ = hide_timestamp; }
 void VersionTextSensor::dump_config() { LOG_TEXT_SENSOR("", "Version Text Sensor", this); }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::version
diff --git a/esphome/components/version/version_text_sensor.h b/esphome/components/version/version_text_sensor.h
index d2ca0ba6f6..96f72ad035 100644
--- a/esphome/components/version/version_text_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/version/version_text_sensor.h
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ namespace esphome::version {
 
 class VersionTextSensor final : public text_sensor::TextSensor, public Component {
  public:
-  void set_hide_hash(bool hide_hash);
-  void set_hide_timestamp(bool hide_timestamp);
+  void set_hide_hash(bool hide_hash) { this->hide_hash_ = hide_hash; }
+  void set_hide_timestamp(bool hide_timestamp) { this->hide_timestamp_ = hide_timestamp; }
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/vl53l0x/sensor.py b/esphome/components/vl53l0x/sensor.py
index 583d6ccca9..3029e0f77b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/vl53l0x/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/vl53l0x/sensor.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
@@ -10,6 +12,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_METER,
 )
+from esphome.core import TimePeriodMicroseconds
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -23,7 +27,7 @@ CONF_LONG_RANGE = "long_range"
 CONF_TIMING_BUDGET = "timing_budget"
 
 
-def check_keys(obj):
+def check_keys(obj: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if obj[CONF_ADDRESS] != 0x29 and CONF_ENABLE_PIN not in obj:
         msg = "Address other then 0x29 requires enable_pin definition to allow sensor\r"
         msg += "re-addressing. Also if you have more then one VL53 device on the same\r"
@@ -32,7 +36,7 @@ def check_keys(obj):
     return obj
 
 
-def check_timeout(value):
+def check_timeout(value: Any) -> TimePeriodMicroseconds:
     value = cv.positive_time_period_microseconds(value)
     if value.total_seconds > 60:
         raise cv.Invalid("Maximum timeout can not be greater then 60 seconds")
@@ -70,7 +74,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     cg.add(var.set_signal_rate_limit(config[CONF_SIGNAL_RATE_LIMIT]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/vl53l0x/vl53l0x_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/vl53l0x/vl53l0x_sensor.cpp
index df7929f676..49eb3d00a1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/vl53l0x/vl53l0x_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/vl53l0x/vl53l0x_sensor.cpp
@@ -31,7 +31,8 @@ void VL53L0XSensor::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "  Timeout: %" PRIu32 "%s\n"
                 "  Timing Budget %" PRIu32 "us ",
-                this->timeout_us_, this->timeout_us_ > 0 ? "us" : " (no timeout)", this->measurement_timing_budget_us_);
+                this->timeout_us_, this->timeout_us_ > 0 ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("us") : LOG_STR_LITERAL(" (no timeout)"),
+                this->measurement_timing_budget_us_);
 }
 
 void VL53L0XSensor::setup() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/voice_assistant/__init__.py b/esphome/components/voice_assistant/__init__.py
index f41adfd8de..d30eaf4768 100644
--- a/esphome/components/voice_assistant/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/voice_assistant/__init__.py
@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ON_START,
     CONF_SPEAKER,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["audio", "ring_buffer", "socket"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["api", "microphone"]
@@ -78,7 +81,7 @@ ConnectedCondition = voice_assistant_ns.class_(
 Timer = voice_assistant_ns.struct("Timer")
 
 
-def tts_stream_validate(config):
+def tts_stream_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_SPEAKER not in config and (
         CONF_ON_TTS_STREAM_START in config or CONF_ON_TTS_STREAM_END in config
     ):
@@ -199,7 +202,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
@@ -420,7 +423,12 @@ VOICE_ASSISTANT_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema({cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(VoiceAssis
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def voice_assistant_listen_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def voice_assistant_listen_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     if CONF_SILENCE_DETECTION in config:
@@ -434,7 +442,12 @@ async def voice_assistant_listen_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 @register_action(
     "voice_assistant.stop", StopAction, VOICE_ASSISTANT_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
-async def voice_assistant_stop_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def voice_assistant_stop_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
@@ -443,7 +456,12 @@ async def voice_assistant_stop_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 @register_condition(
     "voice_assistant.is_running", IsRunningCondition, VOICE_ASSISTANT_ACTION_SCHEMA
 )
-async def voice_assistant_is_running_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
+async def voice_assistant_is_running_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    condition_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
@@ -452,7 +470,12 @@ async def voice_assistant_is_running_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg,
 @register_condition(
     "voice_assistant.connected", ConnectedCondition, VOICE_ASSISTANT_ACTION_SCHEMA
 )
-async def voice_assistant_connected_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
+async def voice_assistant_connected_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    condition_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/voice_assistant/voice_assistant.cpp b/esphome/components/voice_assistant/voice_assistant.cpp
index 76ae145b16..dba9b925d0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/voice_assistant/voice_assistant.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/voice_assistant/voice_assistant.cpp
@@ -248,7 +248,13 @@ void VoiceAssistant::stream_api_audio_() {
       msg.data2_len = available2;
     }
 
-    this->api_client_->send_message(msg);
+    if (!this->api_client_->send_message(msg)) {
+      // Keep the chunk exposed and retry next pass, the same shape as
+      // APIConnection::try_send_camera_image_(): the slice is only lost if
+      // the ring buffer overflows before the TCP buffer clears, instead of
+      // on every refusal. The api layer already reports the refusal at V.
+      return;
+    }
 
     this->audio_source_->consume(available);
     if (this->audio_source2_ != nullptr) {
@@ -477,7 +483,9 @@ void VoiceAssistant::loop() {
 
           api::VoiceAssistantAnnounceFinished msg;
           msg.success = true;
-          this->api_client_->send_message(msg);
+          if (!this->api_client_->send_message(msg)) {
+            API_LOG_MSG_DROPPED(TAG, "Announce-finished");
+          }
           break;
         }
       }
@@ -741,7 +749,9 @@ void VoiceAssistant::signal_stop_() {
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Signaling stop");
   api::VoiceAssistantRequest msg;
   msg.start = false;
-  this->api_client_->send_message(msg);
+  if (!this->api_client_->send_message(msg)) {
+    API_LOG_MSG_DROPPED(TAG, "Stop request");
+  }
 }
 
 void VoiceAssistant::start_playback_timeout_() {
@@ -753,7 +763,9 @@ void VoiceAssistant::start_playback_timeout_() {
       return;
     api::VoiceAssistantAnnounceFinished msg;
     msg.success = true;
-    this->api_client_->send_message(msg);
+    if (!this->api_client_->send_message(msg)) {
+      API_LOG_MSG_DROPPED(TAG, "Announce-finished");
+    }
   });
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/wake_on_lan/button.py b/esphome/components/wake_on_lan/button.py
index e1a4e4f4b0..5e756d0057 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wake_on_lan/button.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wake_on_lan/button.py
@@ -3,11 +3,12 @@ from esphome.components import button
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
 from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["network"]
 
 
-def AUTO_LOAD():
+def AUTO_LOAD() -> list[str]:
     if CORE.is_esp8266 or CORE.is_rp2:
         return []
     return ["socket"]
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_macaddr(*config[CONF_TARGET_MAC_ADDRESS].parts))
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/wake_on_lan/wake_on_lan.cpp b/esphome/components/wake_on_lan/wake_on_lan.cpp
index a514a55d80..e46b96c86a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wake_on_lan/wake_on_lan.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wake_on_lan/wake_on_lan.cpp
@@ -40,8 +40,9 @@ void WakeOnLanButton::press_action() {
     memcpy(buffer + i * sizeof(this->macaddr_) + sizeof(PREFIX), this->macaddr_, sizeof(this->macaddr_));
   }
   if (this->broadcast_socket_->sendto(buffer, sizeof(buffer), 0, reinterpret_cast<const sockaddr *>(&saddr),
-                                      addr_len) <= 0)
+                                      addr_len) <= 0) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "sendto() error %d", errno);
+  }
 #else
   IPAddress broadcast = IPAddress(255, 255, 255, 255);
   for (auto ip : esphome::network::get_ip_addresses()) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/wake_on_lan/wake_on_lan.h b/esphome/components/wake_on_lan/wake_on_lan.h
index ddf3433e7d..cef60c54f8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wake_on_lan/wake_on_lan.h
+++ b/esphome/components/wake_on_lan/wake_on_lan.h
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #if defined(USE_NETWORK) && !defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
 #include "esphome/components/button/button.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #if defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_BSD_SOCKETS) || defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_SOCKETS)
 #include "esphome/components/socket/socket.h"
 #else
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ class WakeOnLanButton final : public button::Button, public Component {
 #endif
   void press_action() override;
   uint16_t port_{9};
-  uint8_t macaddr_[6];
+  uint8_t macaddr_[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::wake_on_lan
diff --git a/esphome/components/water_heater/water_heater.cpp b/esphome/components/water_heater/water_heater.cpp
index 9ee8faadee..1dc2d008a1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/water_heater/water_heater.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/water_heater/water_heater.cpp
@@ -100,10 +100,11 @@ void WaterHeaterCall::perform() {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "  Target Temperature High: %.2f", this->target_temperature_high_);
   }
   if (this->state_mask_ & WATER_HEATER_STATE_AWAY) {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "  Away: %s", (this->state_ & WATER_HEATER_STATE_AWAY) ? "YES" : "NO");
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "  Away: %s",
+             (this->state_ & WATER_HEATER_STATE_AWAY) ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("YES") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("NO"));
   }
   if (this->state_mask_ & WATER_HEATER_STATE_ON) {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "  On: %s", (this->state_ & WATER_HEATER_STATE_ON) ? "YES" : "NO");
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "  On: %s", (this->state_ & WATER_HEATER_STATE_ON) ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("YES") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("NO"));
   }
   this->parent_->control(*this);
 }
@@ -178,7 +179,7 @@ void WaterHeater::publish_state() {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "  Away: YES");
   }
   if (traits.has_feature_flags(WATER_HEATER_SUPPORTS_ON_OFF)) {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "  On: %s", (this->state_ & WATER_HEATER_STATE_ON) ? "YES" : "NO");
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "  On: %s", (this->state_ & WATER_HEATER_STATE_ON) ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("YES") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("NO"));
   }
 
 #if defined(USE_WATER_HEATER) && defined(USE_CONTROLLER_REGISTRY)
@@ -233,18 +234,6 @@ WaterHeaterTraits WaterHeater::get_traits() {
   return traits;
 }
 
-#ifdef USE_WATER_HEATER_VISUAL_OVERRIDES
-void WaterHeater::set_visual_min_temperature_override(float min_temperature_override) {
-  this->visual_min_temperature_override_ = min_temperature_override;
-}
-void WaterHeater::set_visual_max_temperature_override(float max_temperature_override) {
-  this->visual_max_temperature_override_ = max_temperature_override;
-}
-void WaterHeater::set_visual_target_temperature_step_override(float visual_target_temperature_step_override) {
-  this->visual_target_temperature_step_override_ = visual_target_temperature_step_override;
-}
-#endif
-
 // Water heater mode strings indexed by WaterHeaterMode enum (0-6): OFF, ECO, ELECTRIC, PERFORMANCE, HIGH_DEMAND,
 // HEAT_PUMP, GAS
 PROGMEM_STRING_TABLE(WaterHeaterModeStrings, "OFF", "ECO", "ELECTRIC", "PERFORMANCE", "HIGH_DEMAND", "HEAT_PUMP", "GAS",
diff --git a/esphome/components/water_heater/water_heater.h b/esphome/components/water_heater/water_heater.h
index 995b815440..1255a68595 100644
--- a/esphome/components/water_heater/water_heater.h
+++ b/esphome/components/water_heater/water_heater.h
@@ -217,9 +217,15 @@ class WaterHeater : public EntityBase {
   virtual WaterHeaterCallInternal make_call() = 0;
 
 #ifdef USE_WATER_HEATER_VISUAL_OVERRIDES
-  void set_visual_min_temperature_override(float min_temperature_override);
-  void set_visual_max_temperature_override(float max_temperature_override);
-  void set_visual_target_temperature_step_override(float visual_target_temperature_step_override);
+  void set_visual_min_temperature_override(float min_temperature_override) {
+    this->visual_min_temperature_override_ = min_temperature_override;
+  }
+  void set_visual_max_temperature_override(float max_temperature_override) {
+    this->visual_max_temperature_override_ = max_temperature_override;
+  }
+  void set_visual_target_temperature_step_override(float visual_target_temperature_step_override) {
+    this->visual_target_temperature_step_override_ = visual_target_temperature_step_override;
+  }
 #endif
   virtual void control(const WaterHeaterCall &call) = 0;
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/waveshare_epaper/display.py b/esphome/components/waveshare_epaper/display.py
index 7ecc3b4a87..be87c62377 100644
--- a/esphome/components/waveshare_epaper/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/waveshare_epaper/display.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_RESET_DURATION,
     CONF_RESET_PIN,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
 
@@ -177,7 +178,7 @@ MODELS = {
 RESET_PIN_REQUIRED_MODELS = ("2.13inv2", "2.13in-ttgo-b74")
 
 
-def validate_full_update_every_only_types_ac(value):
+def validate_full_update_every_only_types_ac(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_FULL_UPDATE_EVERY not in value:
         return value
     if MODELS[value[CONF_MODEL]][0] == "b":
@@ -192,7 +193,7 @@ def validate_full_update_every_only_types_ac(value):
     return value
 
 
-def validate_reset_pin_required(config):
+def validate_reset_pin_required(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if config[CONF_MODEL] in RESET_PIN_REQUIRED_MODELS and CONF_RESET_PIN not in config:
         raise cv.Invalid(
             f"'{CONF_RESET_PIN}' is required for model {config[CONF_MODEL]}"
@@ -227,7 +228,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = spi.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     model_type, model = MODELS[config[CONF_MODEL]]
     if model_type == "a":
         rhs = WaveshareEPaperTypeA.new(model)
diff --git a/esphome/components/waveshare_io_ch32v003/__init__.py b/esphome/components/waveshare_io_ch32v003/__init__.py
index b692b858a3..29a939c523 100644
--- a/esphome/components/waveshare_io_ch32v003/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/waveshare_io_ch32v003/__init__.py
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_NUMBER,
     CONF_OUTPUT,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@latonita"]
 
@@ -41,13 +43,13 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
 
 
-def validate_mode(value):
+def validate_mode(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if not (value[CONF_INPUT] or value[CONF_OUTPUT]):
         raise cv.Invalid("Mode must be either input or output")
     if value[CONF_INPUT] and value[CONF_OUTPUT]:
@@ -71,7 +73,7 @@ WAVESHARE_IO_PIN_SCHEMA = pins.gpio_base_schema(
 
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(CONF_WAVESHARE_IO_CH32V003, WAVESHARE_IO_PIN_SCHEMA)
-async def waveshare_io_pin_to_code(config):
+async def waveshare_io_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_WAVESHARE_IO_CH32V003])
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/waveshare_io_ch32v003/output/__init__.py b/esphome/components/waveshare_io_ch32v003/output/__init__.py
index 9af9ce7e4b..7438769928 100644
--- a/esphome/components/waveshare_io_ch32v003/output/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/waveshare_io_ch32v003/output/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_MAX_VALUE, CONF_MIN_VALUE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     CONF_WAVESHARE_IO_CH32V003_ID,
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ DUTY_DEFAULT_MIN = 1
 DUTY_DEFAULT_MAX = 247
 
 
-def validate_pwm_limits(config):
+def validate_pwm_limits(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     """Validate that safe_pwm_levels.min_value <= safe_pwm_levels.max_value."""
 
     min_val = config.get(CONF_SAFE_PWM_LEVELS, {}).get(CONF_MIN_VALUE, DUTY_DEFAULT_MIN)
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await output.register_output(var, config)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_WAVESHARE_IO_CH32V003_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/waveshare_io_ch32v003/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/waveshare_io_ch32v003/sensor/__init__.py
index 1e060bdfe4..8ec2702da6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/waveshare_io_ch32v003/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/waveshare_io_ch32v003/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_VOLT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     CONF_WAVESHARE_IO_CH32V003_ID,
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_WAVESHARE_IO_CH32V003_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/__init__.py b/esphome/components/web_server/__init__.py
index 2587d13b9e..a50c14a2f7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/__init__.py
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import base64
 import gzip
 import logging
 import re
+from typing import Any
 
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import web_server_base
@@ -38,6 +40,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     PLATFORM_RTL87XX,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
@@ -127,7 +130,7 @@ def validate_ota(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
 _ORIGIN_RE = re.compile(r"^[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9+.-]*://[^/\s]+$")
 
 
-def validate_origin(value: str) -> str:
+def validate_origin(value: Any) -> str:
     # "*" is the wildcard that allows any origin.
     if value == "*":
         return value
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ def _validate_no_sorting_component(
                     )
 
 
-def _final_validate_sorting(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+def _final_validate_sorting(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if (webserver_version := config.get(CONF_VERSION)) != 3:
         _validate_no_sorting_component(
             CONF_SORTING_WEIGHT, webserver_version, fv.full_config.get()
@@ -200,7 +203,6 @@ def _final_validate_sorting(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
         _validate_no_sorting_component(
             CONF_SORTING_GROUP_ID, webserver_version, fv.full_config.get()
         )
-    return config
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate_sorting
@@ -306,7 +308,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def add_sorting_groups(web_server_var, config):
+def add_sorting_groups(web_server_var: MockObj, config: list[ConfigType]) -> None:
     for group in config:
         sorting_groups[group[CONF_ID]] = group[CONF_NAME]
         group_sorting_weight = group.get(CONF_SORTING_WEIGHT, 50)
@@ -317,7 +319,7 @@ def add_sorting_groups(web_server_var, config):
         )
 
 
-async def add_entity_config(entity, config):
+async def add_entity_config(entity: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     web_server = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_WEB_SERVER_ID])
     sorting_weight = config.get(CONF_SORTING_WEIGHT, 50)
     sorting_group_hash = hash(config.get(CONF_SORTING_GROUP_ID))
@@ -332,7 +334,7 @@ async def add_entity_config(entity, config):
     )
 
 
-def build_index_html(config) -> str:
+def build_index_html(config: ConfigType) -> str:
     html = "<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset=UTF-8><link rel=icon href=data:>"
     css_include = config.get(CONF_CSS_INCLUDE)
     js_include = config.get(CONF_JS_INCLUDE)
@@ -366,7 +368,7 @@ def add_resource_as_progmem(
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.WEB)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_WEB_SERVER_BASE_ID])
 
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], paren)
@@ -406,10 +408,21 @@ async def to_code(config):
         # The scheme is fixed at build time so the unused Basic/Digest code path is compiled
         # out. Basic is the current default (the absence of this define); an explicit
         # 'type: digest' opts in early. Default changes to digest in 2027.1.0.
-        if auth.get(CONF_TYPE) == AUTH_TYPE_DIGEST:
+        is_digest = auth.get(CONF_TYPE) == AUTH_TYPE_DIGEST
+        if is_digest:
             cg.add_define("USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH_DIGEST")
-        cg.add(paren.set_auth_username(auth[CONF_USERNAME]))
-        cg.add(paren.set_auth_password(auth[CONF_PASSWORD]))
+        if is_digest or CORE.is_esp32:
+            cg.add(paren.set_auth_username(auth[CONF_USERNAME]))
+            cg.add(paren.set_auth_password(auth[CONF_PASSWORD]))
+        else:
+            # Every non-ESP32 basic auth build takes this path. The ESP8266 and RP2040
+            # core base64 encoders wrap output every 72 chars, which breaks
+            # ESPAsyncWebServer's basic auth compare for long credentials.
+            # Precompute the hash here and let C++ compare the raw header payload.
+            basic_hash = base64.b64encode(
+                f"{auth[CONF_USERNAME]}:{auth[CONF_PASSWORD]}".encode()
+            ).decode()
+            cg.add(paren.set_auth_basic_hash(basic_hash))
     if CONF_CSS_INCLUDE in config:
         cg.add_define("USE_WEBSERVER_CSS_INCLUDE")
         path = CORE.relative_config_path(config[CONF_CSS_INCLUDE])
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/list_entities.h b/esphome/components/web_server/list_entities.h
index 3edb84f555..dc32cbd1ad 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/list_entities.h
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/list_entities.h
@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ class ListEntitiesIterator final : public ComponentIterator {
 #undef ENTITY_TYPE_
 #undef ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_
   // NOLINTEND(bugprone-macro-parentheses)
-  bool completed() { return this->state_ == IteratorState::NONE; }
 
  protected:
   const WebServer *web_server_;
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/ota/__init__.py b/esphome/components/web_server/ota/__init__.py
index 260e6aea6d..03a5c2ca9b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/ota/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/ota/__init__.py
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _web_server_ota_final_validate
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.WEB_SERVER_OTA)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await ota_to_code(var, config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/ota/ota_web_server.cpp b/esphome/components/web_server/ota/ota_web_server.cpp
index 9812714ec0..95763e2daf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/ota/ota_web_server.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/ota/ota_web_server.cpp
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ void WebServerOTAComponent::setup() {
     return;
   }
 
-  // AsyncWebServer takes ownership of the handler and will delete it when the server is destroyed
+  // The handler lives for the life of the process; WebServerBase never destroys its server
   base->add_handler(new OTARequestHandler(this));  // NOLINT
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/server_index_v2.h b/esphome/components/web_server/server_index_v2.h
index 0c1a6c7f79..83684b1d88 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/server_index_v2.h
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/server_index_v2.h
@@ -10,1310 +10,1289 @@ namespace esphome::web_server {
 
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER_GZIP
 constexpr uint8_t INDEX_GZ[] PROGMEM = {
-    0x1f, 0x8b, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0xed, 0x7d, 0xdb, 0x72, 0xdb, 0xc6, 0xb6, 0xe0, 0xf3,
-    0xe4, 0x2b, 0x20, 0x44, 0x5b, 0x46, 0x87, 0x4d, 0xf0, 0x22, 0xc9, 0x96, 0x41, 0x35, 0xb9, 0x65, 0xd9, 0xd9, 0xf6,
-    0x8e, 0x6f, 0xdb, 0xb2, 0x73, 0x53, 0xb8, 0x25, 0x08, 0x68, 0x12, 0x1d, 0x83, 0x00, 0x03, 0x34, 0x45, 0x29, 0x24,
-    0x4e, 0xcd, 0x07, 0x4c, 0xd5, 0x54, 0xcd, 0xd3, 0xbc, 0x4c, 0xcd, 0x79, 0x98, 0x8f, 0x98, 0xe7, 0xf3, 0x29, 0xe7,
-    0x07, 0x66, 0x3e, 0x61, 0x6a, 0xf5, 0x05, 0x68, 0xf0, 0x22, 0xcb, 0x49, 0xf6, 0x39, 0xe7, 0x61, 0x2a, 0x15, 0x99,
-    0x68, 0xf4, 0x65, 0xf5, 0xea, 0xd5, 0xeb, 0xde, 0x8d, 0xe3, 0x9d, 0x30, 0x0d, 0xf8, 0xed, 0x94, 0x5a, 0x11, 0x9f,
-    0xc4, 0xfd, 0x63, 0xf5, 0x97, 0xfa, 0x61, 0xff, 0x38, 0x66, 0xc9, 0x47, 0x2b, 0xa3, 0x31, 0x61, 0x41, 0x9a, 0x58,
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+    0x1b, 0x1f, 0xee, 0x8c, 0x7b, 0x83, 0x43, 0xe9, 0x3f, 0x53, 0x01, 0x79, 0xd2, 0x82, 0x80, 0x7c, 0xcb, 0xd1, 0x77,
+    0x9b, 0xb4, 0x36, 0xe7, 0xbf, 0x71, 0x51, 0xb9, 0xa3, 0xf0, 0x20, 0xed, 0x63, 0xe5, 0x55, 0x9f, 0xcc, 0x52, 0xc1,
+    0xe0, 0x23, 0x1d, 0x3b, 0x32, 0x1e, 0x0f, 0x8b, 0x5c, 0x9d, 0xf8, 0xd4, 0x96, 0xd0, 0x95, 0xc8, 0x8c, 0x0f, 0x7e,
+    0xc8, 0x52, 0x6a, 0xce, 0x78, 0xea, 0xae, 0xaa, 0x0c, 0x9c, 0xd5, 0xda, 0xc5, 0xec, 0x6a, 0xc2, 0xea, 0x7c, 0x9f,
+    0x0f, 0xba, 0xc1, 0xa1, 0x1c, 0xaa, 0x3a, 0x2c, 0x69, 0xbe, 0xbf, 0xd7, 0x5c, 0x62, 0x3d, 0x65, 0xad, 0x48, 0xe0,
+    0x46, 0x89, 0xf1, 0xee, 0xa0, 0xf2, 0xca, 0xdb, 0xef, 0xca, 0xc3, 0x9d, 0xf1, 0xee, 0x20, 0xf4, 0x4f, 0x74, 0x7f,
+    0xaf, 0xf3, 0xd1, 0xfa, 0xbe, 0xd2, 0x7c, 0x14, 0xc8, 0xf3, 0xdf, 0xea, 0x42, 0x21, 0x63, 0xe7, 0xe5, 0x69, 0x6b,
+    0x70, 0xa8, 0xb5, 0xad, 0x23, 0x43, 0xf7, 0xad, 0xfd, 0x8e, 0x39, 0x52, 0x9e, 0xe6, 0x23, 0xe0, 0x5d, 0xd5, 0xc4,
+    0x1a, 0xa4, 0x11, 0xd7, 0x18, 0x77, 0x07, 0x87, 0x91, 0x23, 0xc5, 0x90, 0x94, 0x33, 0x85, 0xbf, 0x03, 0x8d, 0xc7,
+    0xf9, 0x84, 0x7a, 0x2c, 0xdf, 0xb9, 0xa1, 0x57, 0xed, 0x68, 0xca, 0xea, 0x28, 0x42, 0x3e, 0xca, 0xeb, 0x21, 0xf3,
+    0xa5, 0x94, 0xa7, 0x5e, 0xed, 0x4a, 0xdd, 0x03, 0xf3, 0xbe, 0x61, 0x38, 0x58, 0x60, 0xe5, 0x83, 0xc3, 0x9d, 0x68,
+    0x09, 0x23, 0x92, 0x35, 0x4b, 0x1d, 0xcf, 0x00, 0x1b, 0xfe, 0x4a, 0xe6, 0x5b, 0x29, 0xbd, 0x61, 0xe2, 0x1e, 0x5a,
+    0x9f, 0x97, 0xad, 0xc1, 0x9f, 0xff, 0xe9, 0x7f, 0xe9, 0x50, 0xc6, 0xe1, 0xce, 0xb8, 0x6b, 0xfa, 0x5a, 0x5a, 0x95,
+    0xf2, 0x10, 0xee, 0x53, 0xa9, 0x03, 0xd2, 0xf4, 0xb6, 0x3d, 0xe2, 0x2c, 0x69, 0x8f, 0xa3, 0x74, 0xd8, 0x1a, 0xdc,
+    0x8f, 0x4d, 0x95, 0x07, 0xd8, 0x36, 0xa1, 0xdc, 0xd5, 0x22, 0x20, 0xd8, 0x1f, 0x75, 0xb3, 0x80, 0x49, 0xb1, 0x02,
+    0x1c, 0x55, 0xf7, 0x0c, 0x98, 0xd9, 0x29, 0x9e, 0x83, 0x68, 0x4f, 0x55, 0x6e, 0x3e, 0xd4, 0xa9, 0x85, 0x25, 0x6d,
+    0x5c, 0x35, 0x50, 0xb6, 0x1c, 0x13, 0x1b, 0x6c, 0xfd, 0xfb, 0x3f, 0xff, 0xdd, 0x7f, 0x37, 0x8f, 0xc3, 0x21, 0x69,
+    0xfd, 0xf9, 0x1f, 0xff, 0xf3, 0xff, 0xfe, 0xd7, 0xbf, 0x87, 0x7c, 0x30, 0x15, 0x16, 0x6c, 0x81, 0x90, 0x31, 0x8f,
+    0x50, 0x21, 0x55, 0x20, 0xc0, 0xf1, 0xb1, 0x09, 0x2b, 0x04, 0x8b, 0x9b, 0x17, 0x11, 0x9c, 0xca, 0x01, 0x25, 0x6b,
+    0x6a, 0xe8, 0x24, 0x5b, 0x97, 0x35, 0x41, 0x35, 0x50, 0x2e, 0x09, 0xb7, 0x84, 0xaf, 0xac, 0xb1, 0xec, 0x51, 0xd7,
+    0x9e, 0x78, 0xd5, 0x6a, 0x54, 0x76, 0x28, 0x94, 0x94, 0x75, 0xb9, 0x03, 0x11, 0xac, 0x39, 0x3c, 0xfa, 0x3d, 0xab,
+    0x58, 0x2e, 0xde, 0xfc, 0xe3, 0xac, 0x10, 0x6c, 0x08, 0x48, 0x56, 0x0e, 0x7e, 0x19, 0xec, 0x6e, 0x83, 0x11, 0x99,
+    0xde, 0xf5, 0x9b, 0x1d, 0x42, 0x2f, 0x8a, 0x3e, 0xf7, 0x0e, 0x7e, 0x5e, 0xfe, 0x6a, 0x02, 0x76, 0x9b, 0xe3, 0xca,
+    0x92, 0x43, 0xf2, 0xa4, 0xd3, 0x99, 0xde, 0xa2, 0x79, 0xdd, 0x3d, 0x5e, 0x1e, 0xa9, 0x69, 0xfc, 0x5a, 0xbd, 0x49,
+    0xd3, 0xb8, 0x0a, 0x65, 0x74, 0x9c, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x7a, 0x5b, 0x96, 0xbf, 0x9c, 0x4b, 0x17, 0x3a, 0xfb, 0x01, 0xa2,
+    0xe3, 0x3a, 0xe6, 0x70, 0x95, 0xdb, 0xf3, 0x9a, 0x5b, 0x6d, 0x20, 0xe0, 0x50, 0x8e, 0xbb, 0xab, 0xf7, 0x8b, 0xd8,
+    0x81, 0x7d, 0x3b, 0x2a, 0xbf, 0x07, 0x71, 0xf6, 0x71, 0x17, 0x8f, 0x7b, 0xf3, 0xaa, 0x73, 0x21, 0xf2, 0x89, 0x1d,
+    0xcc, 0xa7, 0x11, 0x8d, 0xe9, 0x50, 0x83, 0x66, 0xde, 0xab, 0x40, 0x7d, 0x39, 0xde, 0x5d, 0x33, 0x96, 0x06, 0x48,
+    0x06, 0xf1, 0x9d, 0x4e, 0xf9, 0x15, 0x70, 0xde, 0x7c, 0x98, 0xe6, 0x91, 0xf0, 0x25, 0xa1, 0xf6, 0xed, 0x94, 0x80,
+    0x08, 0x64, 0x51, 0xae, 0x5f, 0xcb, 0x5b, 0x64, 0x2c, 0xd0, 0x9a, 0x17, 0x14, 0x96, 0x9e, 0x6c, 0x6e, 0x77, 0xd5,
+    0xbc, 0x37, 0x65, 0xb3, 0xe1, 0xdd, 0xd4, 0xea, 0x67, 0x39, 0x1c, 0xdf, 0xa8, 0xa4, 0xf4, 0xbf, 0x55, 0xe5, 0x2d,
+    0x75, 0x43, 0x09, 0x70, 0xb8, 0x5c, 0x55, 0x16, 0x56, 0x55, 0x37, 0xad, 0xad, 0x49, 0x34, 0x9d, 0xca, 0xda, 0xa8,
+    0x7f, 0xb8, 0xa3, 0x2c, 0x63, 0x10, 0x22, 0x32, 0xab, 0x44, 0x25, 0x71, 0xe8, 0x4a, 0x9a, 0x23, 0xd4, 0x2f, 0x9d,
+    0xde, 0x01, 0x5f, 0x7e, 0x1d, 0xfc, 0x1f, 0xfe, 0x58, 0xb1, 0x62, 0x32, 0x92, 0x00, 0x00};
 
 #else  // Brotli (default, smaller)
 constexpr uint8_t INDEX_BR[] PROGMEM = {
-    0x1b, 0x4d, 0x98, 0xa3, 0x10, 0xd8, 0x38, 0x00, 0x40, 0x74, 0x87, 0x5d, 0x14, 0x95, 0xac, 0x9e, 0x80, 0x5a, 0x16,
-    0xd8, 0x44, 0x44, 0xed, 0xc1, 0xec, 0xbf, 0x23, 0x3c, 0x6d, 0x9a, 0x66, 0x3e, 0x6c, 0xc2, 0x28, 0x09, 0x3c, 0x6e,
-    0x5f, 0x78, 0xfd, 0x3f, 0x03, 0xf2, 0xf9, 0xd8, 0x63, 0x23, 0xd6, 0x47, 0x4b, 0xb8, 0x52, 0xbd, 0x19, 0x5a, 0x7e,
-    0xdb, 0x62, 0xfe, 0x45, 0xae, 0x2e, 0x1e, 0x2d, 0x75, 0x91, 0x2c, 0x66, 0xae, 0xa8, 0x95, 0x97, 0xe5, 0x64, 0x1c,
-    0xa1, 0xb1, 0x4f, 0x72, 0x37, 0x53, 0xad, 0xd7, 0x77, 0xc5, 0xf3, 0xe4, 0xa0, 0x14, 0x9b, 0xb4, 0xb7, 0x34, 0x79,
-    0x53, 0x5a, 0x99, 0x3d, 0x9b, 0xa1, 0x10, 0x13, 0x89, 0x05, 0x2a, 0x24, 0x94, 0xa6, 0xe4, 0xff, 0xb9, 0xff, 0x75,
-    0xd9, 0xfb, 0x75, 0xa6, 0xa9, 0x98, 0x1b, 0x1f, 0x5b, 0x7a, 0x5c, 0x81, 0xb1, 0xb3, 0x0a, 0xae, 0xc9, 0xb2, 0xec,
-    0x1e, 0x07, 0x18, 0x23, 0x63, 0x4e, 0x30, 0xf8, 0x20, 0x79, 0x99, 0x27, 0x6e, 0xfa, 0xe2, 0x57, 0x65, 0x8a, 0xea,
-    0x5b, 0x96, 0x99, 0xfe, 0xf3, 0x79, 0x49, 0xca, 0x42, 0xe8, 0x32, 0x2b, 0xe3, 0xe3, 0xd9, 0xb3, 0x25, 0xe6, 0xbc,
-    0x95, 0xbc, 0x08, 0x22, 0xcb, 0xac, 0xb8, 0x36, 0x11, 0x41, 0x34, 0xc4, 0xb6, 0x9d, 0x84, 0x6a, 0x33, 0x6d, 0x59,
-    0xb5, 0x0e, 0xb0, 0xb4, 0x63, 0x81, 0x75, 0xba, 0x40, 0x8f, 0x35, 0x96, 0x4f, 0x21, 0x76, 0xb0, 0x49, 0x5c, 0x24,
-    0xdf, 0x39, 0xe5, 0x80, 0xb5, 0x79, 0x5b, 0x9a, 0xb4, 0x82, 0x0b, 0x5c, 0xab, 0x35, 0x95, 0x7d, 0xa0, 0x4c, 0x23,
-    0x72, 0x77, 0x0f, 0x25, 0x36, 0x0e, 0xd8, 0x95, 0x65, 0x67, 0xff, 0xde, 0x54, 0xab, 0xb4, 0x01, 0x9a, 0xb3, 0x36,
-    0x35, 0x2e, 0x35, 0x4e, 0x19, 0xc4, 0x95, 0xce, 0xf9, 0x24, 0xb8, 0x20, 0x64, 0xbf, 0xf7, 0xfe, 0x7f, 0xcb, 0x76,
-    0x18, 0xa2, 0xbb, 0x89, 0x1d, 0x38, 0x8d, 0xe8, 0xb0, 0xf4, 0x35, 0xb4, 0x72, 0x9c, 0xf9, 0xff, 0x77, 0x03, 0xec,
-    0x06, 0x28, 0x2d, 0x40, 0x51, 0x5b, 0x24, 0x87, 0x5b, 0x25, 0xb7, 0xc6, 0x6b, 0xe6, 0xac, 0xd3, 0x4c, 0xd5, 0x69,
-    0xce, 0xd9, 0xc8, 0x46, 0x89, 0xf1, 0xd9, 0x55, 0x6e, 0xa3, 0xd0, 0xd8, 0xf4, 0xb2, 0x0b, 0x2f, 0x3d, 0x9d, 0x63,
-    0x9b, 0xa9, 0x66, 0x65, 0x06, 0x9c, 0xbf, 0x4d, 0x72, 0xd6, 0x90, 0x03, 0xc2, 0x41, 0xca, 0x7d, 0xd8, 0x75, 0x91,
-    0x65, 0x59, 0x72, 0x91, 0x0b, 0x9b, 0x37, 0x91, 0xcd, 0x94, 0x37, 0xa3, 0x12, 0x2a, 0xa9, 0x25, 0xac, 0xdc, 0xc4,
-    0xf4, 0xc4, 0xbd, 0x7f, 0x17, 0x64, 0x62, 0x6c, 0x71, 0x00, 0x3e, 0x05, 0x71, 0xe8, 0xc8, 0xa6, 0xeb, 0x1c, 0xe7,
-    0x18, 0xbd, 0x61, 0x21, 0x98, 0x66, 0x7b, 0x08, 0x0e, 0x7d, 0x38, 0xb0, 0x01, 0x8d, 0x3c, 0xcf, 0x1d, 0x5e, 0x7d,
-    0x60, 0xeb, 0x7e, 0xf9, 0x68, 0x18, 0xf4, 0x78, 0xb3, 0x2a, 0x01, 0xb7, 0x91, 0x43, 0xab, 0x65, 0x64, 0x23, 0x50,
-    0xcd, 0x6a, 0xec, 0xe7, 0xf0, 0x67, 0xf3, 0x7f, 0x5f, 0x9c, 0x1c, 0x55, 0x14, 0x4c, 0xff, 0x84, 0xbe, 0xbd, 0xef,
-    0xf0, 0x0a, 0xe9, 0x92, 0xb5, 0x05, 0xec, 0x67, 0x14, 0xe5, 0x61, 0xe4, 0xa1, 0x0a, 0x5e, 0x7b, 0xd9, 0x4d, 0x97,
-    0x39, 0x9e, 0x19, 0x33, 0x36, 0x5d, 0x70, 0x3d, 0x30, 0x73, 0x65, 0xe5, 0x78, 0xb4, 0xa5, 0x1a, 0x9c, 0x67, 0x0a,
-    0x0d, 0xda, 0x74, 0xa3, 0xe5, 0xf4, 0x21, 0x1e, 0x3f, 0x4c, 0x29, 0x3d, 0xf7, 0x93, 0xad, 0x2b, 0xe3, 0xbe, 0xb2,
-    0x24, 0x6b, 0x3a, 0xfc, 0x39, 0xe7, 0xab, 0x09, 0x91, 0x84, 0x95, 0x9e, 0x46, 0xa4, 0x5c, 0x1d, 0x75, 0xdc, 0xb2,
-    0x8c, 0xb2, 0xf4, 0xe6, 0x77, 0x94, 0x69, 0xd2, 0x96, 0x8a, 0x14, 0x88, 0x37, 0xd7, 0xf9, 0xc3, 0x64, 0xcc, 0xab,
-    0xa6, 0x3e, 0x3e, 0x1e, 0x6f, 0x7b, 0x37, 0xb4, 0x6c, 0x78, 0x8e, 0x66, 0x3d, 0x98, 0xba, 0x7d, 0xf3, 0x59, 0x1a,
-    0x37, 0xe3, 0xe6, 0x42, 0xb6, 0x36, 0xfd, 0x75, 0x1e, 0x3e, 0x85, 0xeb, 0x66, 0xec, 0x96, 0xe5, 0xa1, 0xc3, 0xcd,
-    0x5c, 0x51, 0xb2, 0x7a, 0x68, 0x77, 0xd0, 0xe7, 0xaa, 0x4b, 0xb8, 0xe9, 0xe5, 0x22, 0xcc, 0xd7, 0x63, 0x6c, 0x52,
-    0xd8, 0xae, 0x5a, 0xbe, 0x4e, 0x57, 0x28, 0x32, 0x13, 0x85, 0x8a, 0xff, 0x08, 0x65, 0xe5, 0xe5, 0x95, 0x9e, 0x8c,
-    0x63, 0x3f, 0x17, 0x5c, 0x47, 0x58, 0x4d, 0x2d, 0x92, 0x70, 0xfb, 0xa7, 0xb9, 0x9f, 0x41, 0x01, 0xf9, 0xb7, 0xa6,
-    0xa2, 0x30, 0x95, 0xf6, 0x73, 0x10, 0xf9, 0x28, 0x93, 0x31, 0x0c, 0x01, 0x8a, 0x4c, 0x47, 0x00, 0x9e, 0x79, 0x42,
-    0x9e, 0x8e, 0xe7, 0x18, 0x25, 0x06, 0xde, 0xef, 0xf8, 0x7a, 0x79, 0xb4, 0x30, 0xdc, 0x08, 0xd2, 0x7e, 0xee, 0xa3,
-    0x24, 0x57, 0x37, 0x28, 0x40, 0x76, 0x76, 0x0a, 0x92, 0x27, 0x05, 0x26, 0xd9, 0x35, 0xcb, 0x51, 0x26, 0xc8, 0x9b,
-    0x8e, 0x43, 0x49, 0x43, 0x5f, 0xe3, 0x25, 0x29, 0xfe, 0xce, 0x27, 0x15, 0x2a, 0xc5, 0xdf, 0xba, 0x6b, 0x93, 0xa7,
-    0x06, 0x00, 0x21, 0x9d, 0x66, 0xba, 0xde, 0xf8, 0x41, 0x90, 0xd8, 0x2d, 0x25, 0xa0, 0xe1, 0x8a, 0x99, 0x6c, 0x0a,
-    0xeb, 0xbe, 0x36, 0x75, 0xba, 0x77, 0x29, 0x73, 0x78, 0x3c, 0xd3, 0x80, 0xc8, 0x8c, 0xd0, 0x70, 0x6a, 0x44, 0xd0,
-    0x30, 0xca, 0x7b, 0x84, 0xdb, 0x54, 0x31, 0x7c, 0xc0, 0xe9, 0x87, 0x1b, 0x62, 0x59, 0xc0, 0x54, 0x08, 0xb4, 0xf6,
-    0x36, 0x36, 0x9a, 0xaf, 0xa4, 0x21, 0x16, 0x93, 0x3f, 0xe3, 0x96, 0x36, 0xfe, 0x55, 0xd5, 0x84, 0x06, 0x48, 0x82,
-    0xcf, 0xcf, 0xda, 0x21, 0x61, 0x8c, 0x26, 0x75, 0xb1, 0x49, 0x7a, 0x42, 0xca, 0x1c, 0x48, 0x20, 0xa1, 0x86, 0x4c,
-    0xe1, 0x9c, 0x4d, 0x2e, 0xc7, 0x3b, 0xde, 0x3e, 0x08, 0x47, 0x6b, 0x4b, 0x62, 0x79, 0x23, 0x49, 0xa9, 0x86, 0xb7,
-    0x86, 0x1a, 0x8e, 0x6d, 0xaa, 0x47, 0xcc, 0x4f, 0x71, 0xb7, 0xa7, 0x35, 0x8e, 0x25, 0x7d, 0x6e, 0x86, 0x4b, 0xb9,
-    0x9b, 0xaf, 0xfa, 0x85, 0x60, 0x57, 0x12, 0x4d, 0x2a, 0x51, 0x85, 0x9f, 0x7f, 0xfd, 0x1d, 0xc8, 0x5a, 0x2d, 0x0f,
-    0x53, 0xfc, 0x1c, 0xf8, 0x71, 0xac, 0x4c, 0x61, 0x3d, 0x48, 0x2f, 0xd5, 0xe9, 0x4d, 0x6d, 0xde, 0x91, 0x41, 0x2a,
-    0xdc, 0x4a, 0xb0, 0xbf, 0x19, 0x21, 0x62, 0x87, 0x99, 0xf8, 0xd7, 0x8d, 0x84, 0x44, 0xd2, 0x85, 0xc2, 0x39, 0xab,
-    0xe1, 0xe2, 0x3f, 0xa4, 0x0c, 0xd1, 0x9c, 0x10, 0x0d, 0x13, 0xc6, 0x57, 0x46, 0x29, 0x48, 0xef, 0xe6, 0xab, 0x4d,
-    0xd3, 0x86, 0xee, 0x88, 0x3f, 0xa8, 0x57, 0xb9, 0x8e, 0xb1, 0x21, 0xf2, 0x55, 0x22, 0x79, 0xf6, 0x38, 0x0c, 0xe3,
-    0x60, 0x39, 0xc1, 0x53, 0x95, 0x11, 0xfe, 0x75, 0xaa, 0x0a, 0xee, 0x39, 0x9a, 0x55, 0xce, 0xdd, 0x17, 0xb9, 0xe6,
-    0x5b, 0x50, 0xe3, 0xf3, 0x66, 0x6e, 0x86, 0xca, 0x68, 0xeb, 0x58, 0x4b, 0x06, 0xc9, 0x95, 0x65, 0x57, 0x80, 0x8d,
-    0xe9, 0x28, 0x8e, 0x2c, 0x5a, 0x60, 0x6c, 0xf6, 0xd7, 0x30, 0xfd, 0x4f, 0xd0, 0x09, 0x91, 0xb6, 0x97, 0x12, 0x6a,
-    0x65, 0xc6, 0x0f, 0x46, 0xa8, 0xb7, 0xb2, 0xf3, 0x29, 0x8b, 0x20, 0xc3, 0xf7, 0xac, 0xe5, 0x39, 0x9c, 0xc7, 0xe1,
-    0xe2, 0x49, 0xa9, 0xfd, 0x22, 0x5c, 0x76, 0xbb, 0x55, 0xa2, 0xb8, 0xd5, 0x08, 0x89, 0x0d, 0xd7, 0x3f, 0x51, 0xad,
-    0x15, 0x0c, 0x57, 0x54, 0x5c, 0x6b, 0xad, 0xf5, 0x31, 0x76, 0x29, 0xa5, 0x6c, 0x4c, 0x4f, 0xff, 0x59, 0x4a, 0x7d,
-    0xb5, 0x94, 0x94, 0x21, 0x26, 0xef, 0x09, 0x75, 0xc7, 0x49, 0x15, 0x0c, 0x0b, 0xcf, 0xdc, 0x52, 0x71, 0x26, 0x51,
-    0x09, 0x06, 0x46, 0xe5, 0xb4, 0x3f, 0x78, 0xbe, 0xeb, 0x5d, 0xb0, 0x04, 0x88, 0xb7, 0xc8, 0xf5, 0xbf, 0x15, 0x05,
-    0x2b, 0xe6, 0x56, 0x00, 0x4e, 0xcc, 0x82, 0x84, 0x2b, 0x3a, 0x18, 0x24, 0xd4, 0x1b, 0x98, 0xc9, 0x35, 0xa2, 0x77,
-    0x82, 0xf5, 0x22, 0xb7, 0xfa, 0x25, 0x0a, 0xb9, 0x4d, 0x49, 0x45, 0x02, 0xb7, 0xd5, 0xda, 0x30, 0xcd, 0x7a, 0xa6,
-    0x99, 0x38, 0x3d, 0x67, 0x31, 0x65, 0x76, 0xd4, 0x5c, 0xbb, 0xba, 0x04, 0xb3, 0xbb, 0x3b, 0x3d, 0x33, 0xf4, 0xc3,
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+    0xb8, 0xf8, 0x1f, 0x5f, 0x84, 0xcb, 0xf6, 0xb7, 0xc4, 0x3d, 0x57, 0xca, 0xb4, 0xbc, 0x47, 0x53, 0xc5, 0x18, 0x94,
+    0xee, 0xea, 0xa3, 0x10, 0xcd, 0x47, 0x8b, 0x7b, 0xa0, 0x58, 0x2c, 0x46, 0x6d, 0xea, 0x0b, 0xbc, 0xd9, 0xca, 0x90,
+    0x87, 0x77, 0x9e, 0xba, 0x80, 0xf2, 0x8e, 0x57, 0x6c, 0x4d, 0x28, 0x0b, 0x98, 0xe5, 0x0e, 0x46, 0x7c, 0x44, 0xef,
+    0x30, 0xd4, 0xf9, 0x3b, 0x82, 0x20, 0x37, 0x00, 0xa6, 0xd5, 0xf8, 0xe0, 0xb5, 0xd6, 0x7f, 0x29, 0x47, 0x89, 0xbe,
+    0x1e, 0x6c, 0xfd, 0x74, 0x9a, 0xd6, 0xa1, 0x7b, 0xd3, 0xad, 0x8a, 0x86, 0x5f, 0xd1, 0x50, 0x58, 0x83, 0x01, 0x53,
+    0xc8, 0x5e, 0x62, 0x5b, 0x75, 0xb6, 0xca, 0x89, 0x11, 0xe8, 0x6b, 0x4f, 0xa9, 0x78, 0x32, 0x84, 0x58, 0xb4, 0x13,
+    0x67, 0x2a, 0xa5, 0x25, 0x99, 0x17, 0x0d, 0x40, 0x9c, 0x0f, 0x4e, 0xfa, 0x24, 0xe9, 0x53, 0x44, 0xda, 0xa2, 0xa0,
+    0x5a, 0xf2, 0x7a, 0x3a, 0x18, 0xc5, 0xd2, 0xee, 0xab, 0x23, 0xa7, 0x57, 0x4e, 0xc0, 0xc8, 0x49, 0xb8, 0x14, 0x8b,
+    0x4e, 0x7e, 0x1c, 0xf0, 0xd6, 0xa2, 0x21, 0x79, 0xb4, 0xbe, 0x4f, 0x1d, 0x45, 0x97, 0x28, 0x8f, 0x5e, 0x7b, 0x54,
+    0x4f, 0xfc, 0x54, 0xec, 0xa7, 0xc0, 0xa8, 0x76, 0xe7, 0xf8, 0x44, 0x0c, 0xa6, 0x03, 0xcc, 0x79, 0x51, 0xcb, 0x7d,
+    0xb3, 0xf3, 0xb1, 0x72, 0x51, 0x9a, 0xca, 0x32, 0x9c, 0xe1, 0xbb, 0x27, 0x8b, 0xde, 0xef, 0xba, 0x6e, 0xf4, 0x56,
+    0xf5, 0x7d, 0x84, 0xdc, 0xb1, 0xd8, 0x1c, 0x56, 0xd8, 0xca, 0xce, 0x5e, 0x53, 0xaf, 0xf2, 0x2d, 0xa1, 0x31, 0x62,
+    0x0e, 0xee, 0xdb, 0x23, 0xf3, 0xcd, 0x47, 0x2f, 0xf1, 0x2d, 0xe1, 0x93, 0xa9, 0x93, 0x64, 0xc8, 0x1c, 0xd0, 0x7f,
+    0x99, 0x93, 0x45, 0xe7, 0xba, 0x4c, 0x45, 0x1c, 0x4f, 0xa7, 0xc9, 0xfa, 0xb0, 0x99, 0x7f, 0x0c, 0x94, 0x8e, 0x4c,
+    0x2d, 0x04, 0x79, 0xb7, 0x51, 0xfa, 0x2a, 0x4e, 0xfc, 0x22, 0x0b, 0x2d, 0xa0, 0x95, 0x59, 0x21, 0x2e, 0x3b, 0x29,
+    0x8b, 0x4c, 0xf0, 0x1c, 0x44, 0x0a, 0x53, 0x1f, 0x39, 0x61, 0x39, 0xe7, 0xa0, 0x9d, 0x72, 0xc9, 0x88, 0xb2, 0xb9,
+    0xfd, 0xe1, 0x36, 0x48, 0x87, 0x22, 0xeb, 0x63, 0x71, 0x08, 0x20, 0xa0, 0x6b, 0xc9, 0x38, 0x6a, 0xc8, 0x73, 0x79,
+    0x74, 0x7a, 0xd2, 0x1b, 0xbf, 0xee, 0xbe, 0x2d, 0xa9, 0x92, 0x4c, 0xa1, 0x91, 0x26, 0x23, 0x36, 0xe8, 0x57, 0x64,
+    0xcf, 0x16, 0xe5, 0x09};
 
 // Backwards compatibility alias
 #define INDEX_GZ INDEX_BR
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/server_index_v3.h b/esphome/components/web_server/server_index_v3.h
index 37c80ddf96..2f85586737 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/server_index_v3.h
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/server_index_v3.h
@@ -10,7684 +10,2607 @@ namespace esphome::web_server {
 
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER_GZIP
 constexpr uint8_t INDEX_GZ[] PROGMEM = {
-    0x1f, 0x8b, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0xcc, 0xbd, 0x7b, 0x7f, 0x1a, 0xb9, 0xb2, 0x28, 0xfa,
-    0xf7, 0x3d, 0x9f, 0xc2, 0xee, 0x9d, 0xf1, 0xb4, 0x8c, 0x68, 0x03, 0x36, 0x8e, 0xd3, 0x58, 0xe6, 0xe4, 0x39, 0xc9,
-    0x3c, 0x92, 0x4c, 0x9c, 0x64, 0x26, 0xc3, 0xb0, 0x33, 0xa2, 0x11, 0xa0, 0xa4, 0x91, 0x98, 0x96, 0x88, 0xed, 0x01,
-    0xbe, 0xfb, 0xfd, 0x95, 0x1e, 0xdd, 0x6a, 0x20, 0x59, 0x6b, 0x9d, 0x7b, 0xce, 0xfd, 0x9d, 0x3d, 0x7b, 0xc5, 0xb4,
-    0xde, 0x2a, 0x95, 0x4a, 0x55, 0xa5, 0xaa, 0xd2, 0xe5, 0xe1, 0x58, 0x66, 0xfa, 0x6e, 0xc1, 0x0e, 0x66, 0x7a, 0x9e,
-    0x5f, 0x5d, 0xba, 0x7f, 0x19, 0x1d, 0x5f, 0x5d, 0xe6, 0x5c, 0x7c, 0x3e, 0x28, 0x58, 0x4e, 0x78, 0x26, 0xc5, 0xc1,
-    0xac, 0x60, 0x13, 0x32, 0xa6, 0x9a, 0xa6, 0x7c, 0x4e, 0xa7, 0xec, 0xe0, 0xe4, 0xea, 0x72, 0xce, 0x34, 0x3d, 0xc8,
-    0x66, 0xb4, 0x50, 0x4c, 0x93, 0x77, 0x6f, 0x9f, 0x35, 0x2f, 0xae, 0x2e, 0x55, 0x56, 0xf0, 0x85, 0x3e, 0x80, 0x26,
-    0xc9, 0x5c, 0x8e, 0x97, 0x39, 0xbb, 0x3a, 0x39, 0xb9, 0xb9, 0xb9, 0x49, 0x3e, 0xa9, 0xff, 0xf1, 0x85, 0x16, 0x07,
-    0xbf, 0x16, 0xe4, 0xd5, 0xe8, 0x13, 0xcb, 0x74, 0x32, 0x66, 0x13, 0x2e, 0xd8, 0xeb, 0x42, 0x2e, 0x58, 0xa1, 0xef,
-    0x7a, 0x90, 0xf9, 0x47, 0x41, 0x62, 0x8e, 0x35, 0x66, 0x88, 0x5c, 0xe9, 0x03, 0x2e, 0x0e, 0x78, 0xff, 0xd7, 0xc2,
-    0xa4, 0xac, 0x98, 0x58, 0xce, 0x59, 0x41, 0x47, 0x39, 0x4b, 0x0f, 0x5b, 0x38, 0x93, 0x62, 0xc2, 0xa7, 0xcb, 0xf2,
-    0xfb, 0xa6, 0xe0, 0xda, 0xff, 0xfe, 0x42, 0xf3, 0x25, 0x4b, 0xd9, 0x06, 0xa5, 0x7c, 0xa0, 0x87, 0x84, 0x99, 0x96,
-    0x3f, 0x57, 0x0d, 0xc7, 0x7f, 0x98, 0x26, 0xef, 0x16, 0x4c, 0x4e, 0x0e, 0xf4, 0x21, 0x89, 0xd4, 0xdd, 0x7c, 0x24,
-    0xf3, 0xa8, 0xaf, 0x1b, 0x51, 0x94, 0x42, 0x19, 0xcc, 0x50, 0x2f, 0x93, 0x42, 0xe9, 0x03, 0xc1, 0xc9, 0x0d, 0x17,
-    0x63, 0x79, 0x83, 0x3f, 0x0b, 0x22, 0x78, 0x72, 0x3d, 0xa3, 0x63, 0x79, 0xf3, 0x46, 0x4a, 0x7d, 0x74, 0x14, 0xbb,
-    0xef, 0xbb, 0xc7, 0xd7, 0xd7, 0x84, 0x90, 0x2f, 0x92, 0x8f, 0x0f, 0x5a, 0xeb, 0x75, 0x90, 0x9a, 0x08, 0xaa, 0xf9,
-    0x17, 0x66, 0x2b, 0xa1, 0xa3, 0xa3, 0x88, 0x8e, 0xe5, 0x42, 0xb3, 0xf1, 0xb5, 0xbe, 0xcb, 0xd9, 0xf5, 0x8c, 0x31,
-    0xad, 0x22, 0x2e, 0x0e, 0x9e, 0xc8, 0x6c, 0x39, 0x67, 0x42, 0x27, 0x8b, 0x42, 0x6a, 0x09, 0x03, 0x3b, 0x3a, 0x8a,
-    0x0a, 0xb6, 0xc8, 0x69, 0xc6, 0x20, 0xff, 0xf1, 0xf5, 0x75, 0x55, 0xa3, 0x2a, 0x84, 0xaf, 0x05, 0xb9, 0x36, 0x43,
-    0x8f, 0x11, 0xfe, 0x4d, 0x10, 0xc1, 0x6e, 0x0e, 0x7e, 0x63, 0xf4, 0xf3, 0x2f, 0x74, 0xd1, 0xcb, 0x72, 0xaa, 0xd4,
-    0xc1, 0x4b, 0xb9, 0x32, 0xd3, 0x28, 0x96, 0x99, 0x96, 0x45, 0xac, 0x31, 0xc3, 0x02, 0xad, 0xf8, 0x24, 0xd6, 0x33,
-    0xae, 0x92, 0x8f, 0xf7, 0x32, 0xa5, 0xde, 0x30, 0xb5, 0xcc, 0xf5, 0x3d, 0x72, 0xd8, 0xc2, 0xe2, 0x90, 0x90, 0x6b,
-    0x81, 0xf4, 0xac, 0x90, 0x37, 0x07, 0x4f, 0x8b, 0x42, 0x16, 0x71, 0xf4, 0xf8, 0xfa, 0xda, 0x96, 0x38, 0xe0, 0xea,
-    0x40, 0x48, 0x7d, 0x50, 0xb6, 0x07, 0xd0, 0x4e, 0x0e, 0xde, 0x29, 0x76, 0xf0, 0xd7, 0x52, 0x28, 0x3a, 0x61, 0x8f,
-    0xaf, 0xaf, 0xff, 0x3a, 0x90, 0xc5, 0xc1, 0x5f, 0x99, 0x52, 0x7f, 0x1d, 0x70, 0xa1, 0x34, 0xa3, 0xe3, 0x24, 0x42,
-    0x3d, 0xd3, 0x59, 0xa6, 0xd4, 0x5b, 0x76, 0xab, 0x89, 0xc6, 0xe6, 0x53, 0x13, 0xb6, 0x99, 0x32, 0x7d, 0xa0, 0xca,
-    0x79, 0xc5, 0x68, 0x95, 0x33, 0x7d, 0xa0, 0x89, 0xc9, 0x97, 0x0e, 0xfe, 0xcc, 0x7e, 0xea, 0x1e, 0x9f, 0xc4, 0x9f,
-    0xc5, 0xd1, 0x91, 0x2e, 0x01, 0x8d, 0x56, 0x6e, 0x85, 0x08, 0x3b, 0xf4, 0x69, 0x47, 0x47, 0x2c, 0xc9, 0x99, 0x98,
-    0xea, 0x19, 0x21, 0xa4, 0xdd, 0x13, 0x47, 0x47, 0xb1, 0x26, 0xbf, 0x89, 0x64, 0xca, 0x74, 0xcc, 0x10, 0xc2, 0x55,
-    0xed, 0xa3, 0xa3, 0xd8, 0x02, 0x41, 0x12, 0x6d, 0x00, 0x57, 0x83, 0x31, 0x4a, 0x1c, 0xf4, 0xaf, 0xef, 0x44, 0x16,
-    0x87, 0xe3, 0x47, 0x58, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0xfd, 0x26, 0x12, 0x05, 0x2d, 0x62, 0x8d, 0xd0, 0xa6, 0x60, 0x7a, 0x59, 0x88,
-    0x03, 0xbd, 0xd1, 0xf2, 0x5a, 0x17, 0x5c, 0x4c, 0x63, 0xb4, 0xf2, 0x69, 0x41, 0xc5, 0xcd, 0xc6, 0x0e, 0xf7, 0xc7,
-    0x82, 0x70, 0x72, 0x05, 0x3d, 0xbe, 0x94, 0xb1, 0xc3, 0x41, 0x4e, 0x48, 0xa4, 0x4c, 0xdd, 0xa8, 0xcf, 0x53, 0xde,
-    0x88, 0x22, 0x6c, 0x47, 0x89, 0xaf, 0x05, 0xc2, 0x42, 0x03, 0xea, 0x26, 0x49, 0xa2, 0x11, 0xb9, 0x5a, 0x79, 0xb0,
-    0xf0, 0x60, 0xa2, 0x7d, 0x3e, 0x68, 0x0d, 0x53, 0x9d, 0x14, 0x6c, 0xbc, 0xcc, 0x58, 0x1c, 0x0b, 0xac, 0xb0, 0x44,
-    0xe4, 0x4a, 0x34, 0xe2, 0x82, 0x5c, 0xc1, 0x7a, 0x17, 0xf5, 0xc5, 0x26, 0xe4, 0xb0, 0x85, 0xdc, 0x20, 0x0b, 0x3f,
-    0x42, 0x00, 0xb1, 0x1b, 0x50, 0x41, 0x48, 0x24, 0x96, 0xf3, 0x11, 0x2b, 0xa2, 0xb2, 0x58, 0xaf, 0x86, 0x17, 0x4b,
-    0xc5, 0x0e, 0x32, 0xa5, 0x0e, 0x26, 0x4b, 0x91, 0x69, 0x2e, 0xc5, 0x41, 0xd4, 0x28, 0x1a, 0x91, 0xc5, 0x87, 0x12,
-    0x1d, 0x22, 0xb4, 0x41, 0xb1, 0x42, 0x0d, 0x3e, 0x90, 0x8d, 0xf6, 0x10, 0xc3, 0x28, 0x51, 0xcf, 0xb5, 0xe7, 0x20,
-    0xc0, 0x30, 0x87, 0x49, 0x6e, 0xb0, 0xa6, 0x66, 0x83, 0xc2, 0x14, 0x3f, 0x8b, 0x3e, 0x4f, 0x76, 0x77, 0x0a, 0xd1,
-    0xc9, 0x9c, 0x2e, 0x62, 0x46, 0xae, 0x98, 0xc1, 0x2e, 0x2a, 0x32, 0x18, 0x6b, 0x6d, 0xe1, 0xfa, 0x2c, 0x65, 0x49,
-    0x85, 0x53, 0x28, 0xd5, 0xc9, 0x44, 0x16, 0x4f, 0x69, 0x36, 0x83, 0x7a, 0x25, 0xc6, 0x8c, 0xfd, 0x86, 0xcb, 0x0a,
-    0x46, 0x35, 0x7b, 0x9a, 0x33, 0xf8, 0x8a, 0x23, 0x53, 0x33, 0x42, 0x58, 0xc1, 0x56, 0xcf, 0xb9, 0x7e, 0x29, 0x45,
-    0xc6, 0x7a, 0x2a, 0xc0, 0x2f, 0xb3, 0xf2, 0x0f, 0xb5, 0x2e, 0xf8, 0x68, 0xa9, 0x59, 0x1c, 0x09, 0x28, 0x11, 0x61,
-    0x85, 0xb0, 0x48, 0x34, 0xbb, 0xd5, 0x8f, 0xa5, 0xd0, 0x4c, 0x68, 0xc2, 0x3c, 0x54, 0x31, 0x4f, 0xe8, 0x62, 0xc1,
-    0xc4, 0xf8, 0xf1, 0x8c, 0xe7, 0xe3, 0x58, 0xa0, 0x0d, 0xda, 0xe0, 0x0f, 0x82, 0xc0, 0x24, 0xc9, 0x15, 0x4f, 0xe1,
-    0x9f, 0xaf, 0x4f, 0x27, 0xd6, 0xe4, 0xca, 0x6c, 0x0b, 0x46, 0xa2, 0xa8, 0x37, 0x91, 0x45, 0xec, 0xa6, 0x70, 0x00,
-    0xa4, 0x0b, 0xfa, 0x78, 0xb3, 0xcc, 0x99, 0x42, 0xac, 0x41, 0x44, 0xb9, 0x8e, 0x0e, 0xc2, 0x3f, 0x16, 0x31, 0x83,
-    0x05, 0xe0, 0x28, 0xe5, 0x86, 0x04, 0xbe, 0xe1, 0x6e, 0x53, 0x8d, 0x4b, 0xa2, 0xf6, 0xb7, 0x20, 0x63, 0x9e, 0xe8,
-    0x62, 0xa9, 0x34, 0x1b, 0xbf, 0xbd, 0x5b, 0x30, 0x85, 0x19, 0x25, 0x7f, 0x8b, 0xfe, 0xdf, 0x22, 0x61, 0xf3, 0x85,
-    0xbe, 0xbb, 0x36, 0xd4, 0x3c, 0x8d, 0x22, 0xfc, 0xbb, 0x29, 0x5a, 0x30, 0x9a, 0x01, 0x49, 0x73, 0x20, 0x7b, 0x2d,
-    0xf3, 0xbb, 0x09, 0xcf, 0xf3, 0xeb, 0xe5, 0x62, 0x21, 0x0b, 0x8d, 0x99, 0x20, 0x2b, 0x2d, 0x2b, 0xf8, 0xc0, 0x8a,
-    0xae, 0xd4, 0x0d, 0xd7, 0xd9, 0x2c, 0xd6, 0x68, 0x95, 0x51, 0xc5, 0x0e, 0x1e, 0x49, 0x99, 0x33, 0x2a, 0x52, 0x4e,
-    0x78, 0x9f, 0xd1, 0x54, 0x2c, 0xf3, 0xbc, 0x37, 0x2a, 0x18, 0xfd, 0xdc, 0x33, 0xd9, 0xf6, 0x70, 0x48, 0xcd, 0xef,
-    0x87, 0x45, 0x41, 0xef, 0xa0, 0x20, 0x21, 0x50, 0xac, 0xcf, 0xd3, 0x1f, 0xaf, 0x5f, 0xbd, 0x4c, 0xec, 0x5e, 0xe1,
-    0x93, 0xbb, 0x98, 0x97, 0xfb, 0x8f, 0x6f, 0xf0, 0xa4, 0x90, 0xf3, 0xad, 0xae, 0x2d, 0xe8, 0x78, 0xef, 0x2b, 0x43,
-    0x60, 0x84, 0x1f, 0xda, 0xa6, 0xc3, 0x11, 0xbc, 0x34, 0x98, 0x0f, 0x99, 0xc4, 0xf5, 0x0b, 0xff, 0xa4, 0x36, 0x39,
-    0xe6, 0xe8, 0xdb, 0xa3, 0xd5, 0xc5, 0xdd, 0x8a, 0x11, 0x33, 0xce, 0x05, 0x1c, 0x8c, 0x30, 0xc6, 0x8c, 0xea, 0x6c,
-    0xb6, 0x62, 0xa6, 0xb1, 0x8d, 0x1f, 0x31, 0xdb, 0x6c, 0xf0, 0x3f, 0xd2, 0x63, 0xbd, 0x3e, 0x24, 0x84, 0x1b, 0x7a,
-    0x45, 0xf4, 0x7a, 0xcd, 0x09, 0xe1, 0x08, 0x3f, 0xe3, 0x64, 0x45, 0xfd, 0x84, 0xe0, 0x64, 0x83, 0xed, 0x99, 0x5a,
-    0x2a, 0x03, 0x27, 0xe0, 0x17, 0x56, 0x68, 0x18, 0xa8, 0xc0, 0x05, 0x9b, 0xe4, 0x30, 0x8e, 0xc3, 0x36, 0x9e, 0x51,
-    0xf5, 0x78, 0x46, 0xc5, 0x94, 0x8d, 0xd3, 0x7f, 0xe4, 0x06, 0x0b, 0x41, 0xa2, 0x09, 0x17, 0x34, 0xe7, 0xff, 0xb0,
-    0x71, 0xe4, 0xce, 0x85, 0xf7, 0xfa, 0x80, 0xdd, 0x6a, 0x26, 0xc6, 0xea, 0xe0, 0xf9, 0xdb, 0x5f, 0x7e, 0x76, 0x8b,
-    0x59, 0x3b, 0x2b, 0xd0, 0x4a, 0x2d, 0x17, 0xac, 0x88, 0x11, 0x76, 0x67, 0xc5, 0x53, 0x6e, 0xe8, 0xe4, 0x2f, 0x74,
-    0x61, 0x53, 0xb8, 0x7a, 0xb7, 0x18, 0x53, 0xcd, 0x5e, 0x33, 0x31, 0xe6, 0x62, 0x4a, 0x0e, 0xdb, 0x36, 0x7d, 0x46,
-    0x5d, 0xc6, 0xb8, 0x4c, 0xfa, 0x78, 0xef, 0x69, 0x6e, 0xe6, 0x5e, 0x7e, 0x2e, 0x63, 0xb4, 0x51, 0x9a, 0x6a, 0x9e,
-    0x1d, 0xd0, 0xf1, 0xf8, 0x85, 0xe0, 0x9a, 0x9b, 0x11, 0x16, 0xb0, 0x44, 0x80, 0xab, 0xcc, 0x9e, 0x1a, 0x7e, 0xe4,
-    0x31, 0xc2, 0x71, 0xec, 0xce, 0x82, 0x19, 0x72, 0x6b, 0x76, 0x74, 0x54, 0x51, 0xfe, 0x3e, 0x4b, 0x6d, 0x26, 0x19,
-    0x0c, 0x51, 0xb2, 0x58, 0x2a, 0x58, 0x6c, 0xdf, 0x05, 0x1c, 0x34, 0x72, 0xa4, 0x58, 0xf1, 0x85, 0x8d, 0x4b, 0x04,
-    0x51, 0x31, 0x5a, 0x6d, 0xf5, 0xe1, 0xb6, 0x87, 0x26, 0x83, 0x61, 0x2f, 0x24, 0xe1, 0xcc, 0x21, 0xbb, 0xe5, 0x54,
-    0x38, 0x53, 0x25, 0x51, 0x89, 0xe1, 0x40, 0x2d, 0x09, 0x8b, 0x22, 0x7e, 0x7e, 0x8b, 0x58, 0x00, 0x0f, 0x11, 0x52,
-    0x0e, 0x7f, 0xe6, 0x3e, 0xfd, 0x62, 0x0e, 0x0f, 0x85, 0x05, 0xc2, 0xda, 0x8e, 0x54, 0x21, 0xb4, 0x41, 0x58, 0xfb,
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+    0xc4, 0x85, 0x5d, 0x4c, 0xba, 0xd0, 0x64, 0x0a, 0xb4, 0x93, 0x2b, 0x76, 0x6a, 0x5b, 0xea, 0x03, 0xf8, 0x3e, 0x7d,
+    0x40, 0x9d, 0x93, 0xa9, 0xb3, 0x64, 0xe0, 0xd0, 0x24, 0xcc, 0x08, 0x9c, 0xf7, 0xdd, 0xa5, 0xd8, 0xd0, 0xb5, 0x5a,
+    0x34, 0xef, 0x7f, 0x1a, 0x5d, 0xe7, 0xa0, 0xb7, 0x10, 0x0c, 0x52, 0xf6, 0x7d, 0x8a, 0x11, 0xca, 0xca, 0xa0, 0x5b,
+    0x4f, 0x3e, 0xc6, 0x5f, 0x40, 0x85, 0x88, 0x38, 0xf1, 0x83, 0x24, 0xe5, 0xcc, 0x3d, 0x4c, 0x57, 0xf2, 0x5a, 0x55,
+    0x42, 0xde, 0x0e, 0x1e, 0xc3, 0x4c, 0x0f, 0xea, 0x2f, 0x60, 0xa2, 0x22, 0x7d, 0xa2, 0xa9, 0xf7, 0xc3, 0xf5, 0x1a,
+    0xa9, 0x3b, 0xe3, 0x49, 0x97, 0x64, 0xee, 0x29, 0xcd, 0xac, 0xe9, 0x04, 0xe0, 0xe7, 0x34, 0x33, 0xc2, 0xf5, 0x5a,
+    0xfc, 0xee, 0xf4, 0x44, 0x39, 0xdd, 0x45, 0xbe, 0x8a, 0xa6, 0xff, 0x05, 0x65, 0xcb, 0xbd, 0x71, 0x26, 0x30, 0x01,
+    0x00};
 
 #else  // Brotli (default, smaller)
 constexpr uint8_t INDEX_BR[] PROGMEM = {
-    0x5b, 0x7b, 0x7b, 0x53, 0xc1, 0x6e, 0x19, 0x03, 0xf5, 0x04, 0xe0, 0xf8, 0xbb, 0x25, 0x3d, 0x34, 0x51, 0x94, 0xb1,
-    0xe6, 0x22, 0x2f, 0x61, 0xbb, 0xc2, 0x70, 0x9e, 0x80, 0x65, 0x6b, 0x78, 0xad, 0x47, 0x01, 0x40, 0x55, 0x13, 0x0e,
-    0xd8, 0x18, 0x92, 0x41, 0xc7, 0x81, 0x6a, 0xd1, 0xee, 0xdb, 0xf0, 0xa6, 0x22, 0xc8, 0x31, 0x97, 0xd9, 0x3c, 0xcc,
-    0xe5, 0xa4, 0xd5, 0x13, 0x8c, 0x3a, 0x44, 0xf9, 0x1a, 0x8c, 0x4b, 0x4c, 0x51, 0x7e, 0x10, 0x4b, 0xea, 0xba, 0xe6,
-    0x24, 0x45, 0x6e, 0xf3, 0x72, 0x99, 0x36, 0xac, 0xdb, 0x79, 0x37, 0x0a, 0x4f, 0x92, 0xc8, 0x21, 0xb3, 0xaa, 0x10,
-    0x8e, 0x77, 0x8e, 0xb5, 0x29, 0xe5, 0xbf, 0x10, 0x83, 0x6d, 0xc3, 0xba, 0x2d, 0x5d, 0x36, 0x49, 0x12, 0x9a, 0x5b,
-    0x46, 0xa5, 0x0a, 0x42, 0x62, 0xf0, 0x33, 0xd7, 0x94, 0x37, 0x3f, 0x57, 0x6b, 0x9c, 0x30, 0x61, 0xbd, 0xf1, 0x5b,
-    0x28, 0xf2, 0xda, 0x5a, 0xe3, 0x0b, 0x44, 0xe0, 0x2e, 0xa4, 0xbe, 0x68, 0xed, 0xa7, 0x5b, 0x5f, 0x57, 0x34, 0xde,
-    0x43, 0xba, 0xff, 0x8d, 0xbf, 0x8b, 0x43, 0x72, 0x99, 0xdb, 0x59, 0x36, 0xac, 0xdb, 0xf2, 0xa6, 0xee, 0x77, 0xca,
-    0x1c, 0x5e, 0x9c, 0x1b, 0x62, 0x68, 0x1d, 0x10, 0x8f, 0xcd, 0xa1, 0x4a, 0x44, 0x8b, 0x11, 0x2b, 0xf6, 0xda, 0x13,
-    0xf3, 0x5f, 0x65, 0xcd, 0x7a, 0x7d, 0x47, 0xb5, 0x8c, 0x9c, 0x1d, 0x4d, 0x37, 0x55, 0x02, 0x7c, 0x97, 0xc6, 0xd7,
-    0x09, 0x1e, 0xf0, 0xb1, 0x63, 0x19, 0x43, 0x51, 0x9d, 0xdd, 0x4a, 0x10, 0x59, 0x4d, 0x65, 0x8a, 0x4b, 0xf2, 0xff,
-    0xa6, 0xaa, 0xe7, 0xf8, 0x72, 0xa2, 0xbf, 0xfa, 0x1c, 0xb2, 0x16, 0x10, 0x7c, 0x80, 0xe0, 0x90, 0xca, 0x4c, 0xc9,
-    0x59, 0xb2, 0xbb, 0x24, 0x27, 0x5b, 0x06, 0x49, 0x70, 0xa4, 0x1c, 0x29, 0x01, 0x6a, 0x44, 0xce, 0xfd, 0x92, 0x7d,
-    0x55, 0xed, 0xa7, 0x3d, 0x4f, 0xd7, 0xa6, 0xdf, 0xb6, 0xdf, 0xdd, 0x7b, 0xe2, 0x85, 0x47, 0x51, 0x90, 0x08, 0x99,
-    0x06, 0x14, 0x02, 0x6a, 0xf6, 0xb5, 0xb7, 0xb4, 0xff, 0xaf, 0xdf, 0x91, 0x10, 0xe0, 0x4a, 0x70, 0x16, 0x75, 0xe6,
-    0x2d, 0x5b, 0xcf, 0x85, 0xb3, 0x2c, 0x5b, 0x5f, 0xc3, 0x61, 0x58, 0x47, 0x5d, 0x35, 0xa1, 0xc9, 0x7e, 0x24, 0x15,
-    0xbb, 0x23, 0xd8, 0xcf, 0x7d, 0x96, 0x7d, 0x7d, 0x2f, 0x5a, 0x3f, 0xd7, 0x0a, 0xcf, 0x78, 0x8a, 0x0b, 0xb1, 0xfe,
-    0x2e, 0xa4, 0x84, 0xe9, 0x5a, 0x35, 0xa7, 0x16, 0xc8, 0xc0, 0x38, 0x3e, 0xfb, 0x6c, 0x5f, 0x55, 0xa7, 0x6b, 0x47,
-    0x9a, 0x25, 0x26, 0x47, 0xae, 0x17, 0x3d, 0x73, 0x14, 0x38, 0x9a, 0xfd, 0x5e, 0x2e, 0x1a, 0x1d, 0xe8, 0x0c, 0xe5,
-    0x04, 0xb6, 0x31, 0x50, 0x0b, 0x44, 0x55, 0xb7, 0x19, 0xb2, 0xea, 0x7d, 0xf5, 0xfd, 0xaf, 0x5f, 0x72, 0xa3, 0x40,
-    0x3d, 0xc6, 0x2c, 0x69, 0x29, 0xef, 0x81, 0x47, 0x88, 0x2c, 0x47, 0xc7, 0x8a, 0x1f, 0xf2, 0x95, 0x74, 0x1e, 0x2e,
-    0x86, 0x45, 0x43, 0xc4, 0x92, 0x42, 0x0e, 0xb4, 0xe0, 0xc5, 0x2e, 0x2d, 0xd0, 0xc4, 0x06, 0xfe, 0xbf, 0xaa, 0x59,
-    0xfd, 0xbe, 0x37, 0x2b, 0x09, 0x4b, 0x21, 0x2e, 0x71, 0x82, 0x40, 0xdd, 0xf3, 0x7b, 0x38, 0xde, 0xf3, 0x9f, 0x87,
-    0xec, 0x30, 0x05, 0xad, 0xa2, 0x32, 0xc9, 0x41, 0xa4, 0x01, 0x35, 0x7a, 0x5c, 0x4b, 0xd3, 0xca, 0xd7, 0x57, 0x10,
-    0xb0, 0x03, 0x97, 0xa6, 0xd8, 0xd3, 0x0c, 0x4d, 0x51, 0x24, 0x6c, 0x3a, 0xa5, 0xb7, 0xb3, 0x2e, 0x6b, 0x2f, 0x27,
-    0xf3, 0xd0, 0xa9, 0x4d, 0xbb, 0x87, 0x49, 0x14, 0xd1, 0x36, 0x97, 0xb4, 0x86, 0x49, 0xc1, 0xdb, 0x49, 0x77, 0xc2,
-    0x8a, 0x51, 0x79, 0x24, 0x4c, 0xf8, 0x87, 0x87, 0xe4, 0x03, 0x6a, 0xf5, 0x0d, 0xff, 0x69, 0x6a, 0xf6, 0xfa, 0xc6,
-    0x0b, 0x3d, 0xe4, 0x54, 0x2e, 0xf2, 0x76, 0x80, 0xac, 0xee, 0xba, 0xb5, 0x69, 0x4e, 0x72, 0x9d, 0x98, 0x61, 0x93,
-    0x02, 0xb6, 0x1b, 0x0e, 0x25, 0xd2, 0x46, 0x2c, 0x2d, 0xd5, 0xd7, 0x3b, 0x79, 0x1d, 0x25, 0x4a, 0x86, 0xf2, 0x0a,
-    0x16, 0xd9, 0xb4, 0x5f, 0x29, 0x6d, 0xe0, 0xdb, 0xf8, 0xc6, 0x85, 0x03, 0x50, 0x4b, 0xf7, 0x84, 0x48, 0xea, 0xa0,
-    0x10, 0x15, 0x28, 0x6c, 0xb0, 0xfc, 0xff, 0xbd, 0x95, 0x96, 0xdb, 0x1f, 0x91, 0xae, 0x08, 0x91, 0x3d, 0x00, 0x39,
-    0xce, 0x70, 0x64, 0xfd, 0xbe, 0x33, 0xb3, 0x0a, 0x9c, 0x06, 0x48, 0xf6, 0x38, 0xb3, 0x92, 0xd6, 0x5a, 0x6c, 0x2a,
-    0xee, 0xbd, 0xef, 0x5d, 0xe6, 0x77, 0xd1, 0x19, 0x3f, 0x0c, 0x2b, 0x4c, 0x66, 0x23, 0xed, 0xb0, 0x6c, 0x57, 0x96,
-    0xd3, 0x00, 0x20, 0x78, 0xdf, 0x7b, 0x3f, 0x0a, 0xff, 0xff, 0xc8, 0xe2, 0xfc, 0x88, 0x2c, 0x50, 0x91, 0x59, 0xc5,
-    0x39, 0x99, 0x05, 0xcc, 0xa8, 0x0a, 0xe0, 0x8c, 0x0a, 0x60, 0x1f, 0x1d, 0x90, 0x63, 0x41, 0xd0, 0x68, 0x9a, 0x6c,
-    0xf6, 0xd1, 0x90, 0x2d, 0xef, 0x57, 0x5a, 0xac, 0x20, 0xca, 0xf5, 0x8c, 0x6c, 0x4b, 0x7e, 0xb7, 0x03, 0x65, 0xcd,
-    0x52, 0x5a, 0xe9, 0xe8, 0xff, 0xe6, 0xd4, 0x66, 0x40, 0x8e, 0x40, 0x75, 0x53, 0x57, 0x21, 0xdc, 0xf2, 0xff, 0x5d,
-    0xf2, 0x7a, 0x97, 0x52, 0xd2, 0xd1, 0xa5, 0x78, 0x19, 0x26, 0x1d, 0x95, 0x60, 0xe0, 0x2a, 0x27, 0xa7, 0xe7, 0x66,
-    0x2c, 0xb2, 0x71, 0x53, 0x7f, 0x0c, 0xbf, 0x87, 0xd2, 0xc2, 0x60, 0xea, 0x4c, 0xd3, 0xf4, 0xdf, 0x6d, 0xa2, 0xab,
-    0xae, 0x2c, 0x2c, 0xbf, 0xed, 0x66, 0x12, 0x57, 0x59, 0x96, 0x25, 0xb9, 0x24, 0x31, 0x01, 0xfe, 0x21, 0xba, 0xef,
-    0x6f, 0xa8, 0xcf, 0x1b, 0x4b, 0xdb, 0x0c, 0x42, 0x26, 0x04, 0x48, 0xdb, 0xff, 0x37, 0x99, 0xeb, 0x9c, 0xb8, 0x78,
-    0x7c, 0x49, 0xd3, 0x34, 0xb3, 0x6c, 0x7f, 0xae, 0xa3, 0xb4, 0x94, 0x6e, 0x9b, 0xed, 0x36, 0x7d, 0xa4, 0x0e, 0xdf,
-    0xc0, 0x6f, 0x0c, 0x18, 0xc3, 0xe4, 0x6e, 0x15, 0x53, 0x43, 0x76, 0x69, 0xb6, 0xa5, 0xcd, 0x02, 0xd4, 0xb2, 0xfe,
-    0x87, 0xa4, 0xdc, 0x5b, 0x42, 0x27, 0xf6, 0x34, 0xac, 0x62, 0x92, 0x7c, 0x83, 0x6f, 0x4c, 0xdf, 0x5a, 0x48, 0x2c,
-    0x43, 0xd3, 0xda, 0xfe, 0x65, 0xb6, 0xf9, 0x75, 0x18, 0xb3, 0xcc, 0x14, 0x5b, 0x92, 0x63, 0x5b, 0x09, 0x76, 0xef,
-    0x8a, 0x4c, 0xac, 0x3d, 0x0e, 0x00, 0xa7, 0xe5, 0x88, 0xb6, 0xe0, 0x33, 0x10, 0x8e, 0x73, 0x17, 0xbf, 0xfc, 0x55,
-    0x09, 0xa6, 0xa3, 0x3d, 0x14, 0x7c, 0x75, 0x8c, 0x42, 0x2c, 0x41, 0x14, 0x79, 0xee, 0xe2, 0xde, 0x07, 0x26, 0xdf,
-    0x0e, 0xaa, 0xe8, 0x1f, 0xba, 0xa6, 0x27, 0x9c, 0x21, 0x50, 0x8f, 0x5e, 0xf2, 0x0b, 0x07, 0xde, 0xfd, 0x7b, 0x00,
-    0xa2, 0x12, 0x51, 0xea, 0xdb, 0x6f, 0xb8, 0x4e, 0x30, 0x7d, 0xdf, 0x4d, 0xdb, 0x03, 0xee, 0x0e, 0x1e, 0x12, 0x78,
-    0x52, 0x0a, 0xcb, 0xfd, 0x97, 0xaa, 0x2b, 0x6e, 0x96, 0xa1, 0xd7, 0x31, 0x9d, 0xef, 0x26, 0xd8, 0x14, 0x2d, 0x6b,
-    0x29, 0x18, 0x7a, 0xe6, 0xf1, 0xd6, 0x58, 0xfd, 0x0c, 0x56, 0xc9, 0xc0, 0x2d, 0x2d, 0xcc, 0xe4, 0xd4, 0xcf, 0xd7,
-    0x54, 0xf5, 0xc1, 0x48, 0x12, 0x01, 0x90, 0xbc, 0xf9, 0x10, 0x27, 0x44, 0xe2, 0xfa, 0x7a, 0x3e, 0x5f, 0x95, 0x97,
-    0xd9, 0x7e, 0x98, 0x60, 0x20, 0xd9, 0x20, 0x03, 0x98, 0xed, 0x3d, 0x5c, 0x7d, 0xb8, 0x57, 0xf3, 0x32, 0x6a, 0xfa,
-    0xd7, 0x79, 0xb4, 0xa1, 0x33, 0x6d, 0x40, 0x1e, 0xb7, 0x69, 0x59, 0x9a, 0x92, 0x82, 0xc4, 0x86, 0x43, 0x06, 0x77,
-    0x83, 0x39, 0xad, 0xc7, 0xa4, 0xe6, 0x9c, 0xac, 0xc9, 0x15, 0x97, 0x06, 0x37, 0xeb, 0xa3, 0x0f, 0xf7, 0xbe, 0xa4,
-    0xc3, 0x2d, 0x3e, 0x6c, 0xfa, 0x24, 0x93, 0x7b, 0xde, 0x84, 0xcf, 0x4d, 0xb9, 0xbe, 0x1c, 0x02, 0x7b, 0xf3, 0x13,
-    0x76, 0x85, 0xa0, 0x59, 0xdf, 0xea, 0xc8, 0x37, 0xde, 0xb5, 0xeb, 0xa1, 0x44, 0x32, 0x1a, 0x7d, 0xef, 0x41, 0xf3,
-    0xa2, 0xdc, 0x88, 0x47, 0xd8, 0x2b, 0xd4, 0xb7, 0x3f, 0xb1, 0xc2, 0xb2, 0xbb, 0x99, 0x3f, 0x6c, 0x74, 0x7b, 0xf6,
-    0xdd, 0xcb, 0xc1, 0xa3, 0x2f, 0xc2, 0x5c, 0x7d, 0xb8, 0xbf, 0xdd, 0x3a, 0xc1, 0x63, 0x42, 0x29, 0x76, 0x43, 0xc2,
-    0xa1, 0xe6, 0xf7, 0x6e, 0xf6, 0x6e, 0xf2, 0x73, 0x59, 0x8b, 0x59, 0x4d, 0xfe, 0x93, 0xdf, 0xfe, 0xea, 0x77, 0x6a,
-    0x9b, 0x8f, 0xf0, 0xed, 0x09, 0xc2, 0xd3, 0xbb, 0xa3, 0x8c, 0xb0, 0xe6, 0x30, 0xfe, 0xac, 0xa7, 0xca, 0x3f, 0xdb,
-    0x2c, 0x6c, 0x73, 0x98, 0xaf, 0x4b, 0xda, 0x9e, 0xc3, 0xa4, 0x75, 0x57, 0xa2, 0xde, 0x4d, 0x94, 0xf2, 0xa0, 0x09,
-    0xf2, 0xf2, 0xb9, 0x03, 0x7d, 0xe3, 0x7c, 0xcd, 0xa0, 0xc8, 0x6e, 0xa9, 0xe5, 0xd2, 0x9a, 0xc7, 0x9b, 0xf9, 0x60,
-    0x59, 0xa2, 0x40, 0xbf, 0x4a, 0xbd, 0x77, 0xad, 0xbb, 0x7e, 0x21, 0xaa, 0x1f, 0x6d, 0xe6, 0x6a, 0x04, 0x42, 0xa4,
-    0x5c, 0x37, 0x01, 0x22, 0x4b, 0xa4, 0xc8, 0x33, 0xf1, 0x5c, 0xa7, 0x4d, 0x86, 0x1e, 0xb9, 0xbf, 0xf2, 0x6b, 0xa4,
-    0xe1, 0xf9, 0x84, 0x76, 0xf8, 0xd1, 0x66, 0x25, 0xd4, 0x2b, 0x54, 0xc8, 0x1b, 0x67, 0xc5, 0x7f, 0xee, 0x43, 0xa9,
-    0xd6, 0x44, 0x0c, 0xcf, 0xcd, 0x64, 0x90, 0xf7, 0x2c, 0xbb, 0x92, 0xea, 0x58, 0x5b, 0x5b, 0x55, 0xd7, 0xb7, 0x50,
-    0xde, 0xcc, 0x50, 0xee, 0x45, 0x95, 0x22, 0xf9, 0x60, 0x18, 0xd2, 0x73, 0xfc, 0xdb, 0xd6, 0x37, 0x3f, 0x15, 0x88,
-    0x73, 0x91, 0x37, 0x28, 0x75, 0x43, 0x4d, 0x96, 0x12, 0xfb, 0x59, 0x9d, 0xb2, 0xdd, 0x23, 0xed, 0xa0, 0x23, 0x57,
-    0x03, 0x98, 0xc2, 0x54, 0xb0, 0xe7, 0xd5, 0x4b, 0x56, 0x9d, 0xe7, 0x05, 0xf9, 0xb6, 0xe2, 0x47, 0x04, 0x40, 0xa3,
-    0x78, 0x43, 0x34, 0x2b, 0xa0, 0x2a, 0x91, 0x26, 0x0b, 0xc7, 0x4e, 0xf3, 0x4f, 0x68, 0x43, 0xcd, 0x7e, 0xbf, 0xed,
-    0x64, 0x50, 0xc2, 0xc5, 0x37, 0x9f, 0x7d, 0xa0, 0x09, 0x7e, 0xfb, 0x99, 0x8c, 0xac, 0x95, 0xa0, 0xa3, 0x9c, 0xbc,
-    0xee, 0x40, 0xca, 0x2c, 0x53, 0x61, 0xa1, 0x8b, 0xa4, 0x84, 0x6e, 0x98, 0x9c, 0x2f, 0x78, 0x7b, 0x83, 0xf3, 0xb5,
-    0xac, 0x56, 0x5a, 0xbe, 0x99, 0xaa, 0x85, 0x79, 0x07, 0x54, 0x7d, 0xec, 0x04, 0x9e, 0xd0, 0x6d, 0x32, 0xef, 0x96,
-    0xd2, 0x23, 0x5a, 0xf9, 0xde, 0x4b, 0x91, 0x66, 0xb7, 0xfe, 0x84, 0xe8, 0xd5, 0x11, 0x81, 0xfb, 0x22, 0xd9, 0x8a,
-    0xbe, 0x37, 0x8c, 0x88, 0xe2, 0xfe, 0x1e, 0xfd, 0x12, 0x3f, 0xcb, 0xaf, 0x5d, 0x21, 0x34, 0x56, 0xc0, 0x23, 0x69,
-    0x7d, 0xef, 0x6a, 0x8f, 0x21, 0x80, 0x4e, 0xaf, 0x42, 0x31, 0xec, 0xb6, 0x22, 0x66, 0xc7, 0x99, 0x38, 0xee, 0xf3,
-    0x19, 0x96, 0xf9, 0xda, 0x34, 0xa1, 0x1b, 0xaa, 0x4f, 0x71, 0x21, 0x65, 0x92, 0x36, 0x45, 0x55, 0x17, 0x8d, 0xbf,
-    0x35, 0xc8, 0x98, 0x62, 0xde, 0x7a, 0x34, 0xe8, 0x2f, 0xf6, 0x05, 0xf1, 0xe0, 0x48, 0xd0, 0xcb, 0x74, 0xf4, 0xc6,
-    0xb1, 0x6a, 0x2c, 0x6f, 0x2c, 0x3b, 0x30, 0x13, 0x36, 0x09, 0xd1, 0xd8, 0x60, 0xeb, 0xc8, 0x82, 0x55, 0xcf, 0x18,
-    0x9b, 0x77, 0xe9, 0x2d, 0x12, 0xde, 0x95, 0x2d, 0x1c, 0xa6, 0xfa, 0x42, 0xc6, 0x59, 0x2f, 0xd7, 0xf2, 0xe9, 0x3a,
-    0x01, 0x0e, 0x12, 0x86, 0x17, 0xc4, 0x18, 0xfe, 0xe2, 0xbc, 0x49, 0x55, 0xb0, 0x28, 0xb4, 0x6d, 0x7c, 0x51, 0x7b,
-    0x10, 0xcf, 0x4a, 0x10, 0xdf, 0xca, 0xb8, 0xea, 0xa0, 0x1b, 0x8e, 0x30, 0x57, 0xc3, 0x26, 0x84, 0x56, 0x10, 0x81,
-    0x9a, 0xfa, 0x33, 0x0d, 0xd5, 0xb5, 0xae, 0xf2, 0x42, 0xa2, 0xe4, 0xb3, 0x68, 0x1c, 0x41, 0x21, 0x07, 0x83, 0xc2,
-    0x09, 0x3d, 0xd8, 0x3d, 0xf8, 0x8d, 0x83, 0x71, 0xc1, 0x71, 0x43, 0xfe, 0xda, 0x2d, 0x6b, 0xdc, 0x33, 0x30, 0x95,
-    0x97, 0x2b, 0xcd, 0xe6, 0x00, 0x2a, 0x83, 0x5d, 0x6c, 0x48, 0x3e, 0x5b, 0xf4, 0x84, 0xbe, 0xbb, 0xa1, 0x01, 0x0c,
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+    0xfb, 0x4b, 0x8c, 0x38, 0xa7, 0x3f, 0x77, 0x5f, 0x6e, 0x35, 0x93, 0x3c, 0xda, 0x9e, 0x52, 0x0a, 0xd0, 0xb2, 0xd7,
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+    0xa4, 0xca, 0x72, 0x34, 0x10, 0xe6, 0xd8, 0x4c, 0x29, 0xa4, 0x7d, 0xd5, 0x01, 0xb7, 0x0d, 0x1d, 0x51, 0x1e, 0x25,
+    0xd6, 0xe1, 0x7f, 0xef, 0x07, 0xe2, 0x7e, 0x26, 0x4c, 0xe4, 0x71, 0xca, 0x9b, 0xa9, 0x1c, 0x03, 0x93, 0xe1, 0x5c,
+    0x6d, 0x7d, 0x84, 0xed, 0x8b, 0x47, 0xbf, 0x31, 0xed, 0xa5, 0x43, 0x49, 0xa3, 0x69, 0xcd, 0x42, 0xc0, 0x95, 0x85,
+    0x70, 0x1e, 0xaa, 0x90, 0x6c, 0xaf, 0x6c, 0x20, 0x70, 0xe5, 0x69, 0xb1, 0x1e, 0x29, 0x9f, 0xb4, 0xba, 0x78, 0x78,
+    0xfb, 0x68, 0x4c, 0xda, 0xd6, 0xd1, 0xb7, 0x5e, 0xb5, 0x6c, 0xd1, 0x48, 0x66, 0x85, 0x68, 0xb5, 0xa2, 0x4f, 0x2d,
+    0x37, 0x3c, 0x60, 0x86, 0x87, 0xdb, 0x67, 0x81, 0x80, 0x68, 0xda, 0x93, 0xf0, 0xc4, 0xf5, 0xfd, 0xa4, 0x9b, 0x43,
+    0x1b, 0x5e, 0xc5, 0x2e, 0xb8, 0xc8, 0xdc, 0x70, 0x60, 0xdb, 0x29, 0x5d, 0xb3, 0xad, 0x85, 0x2f, 0x04, 0x92, 0xaf,
+    0x30, 0x9a, 0xe2, 0x72, 0x4c, 0xe8, 0x4a, 0x87, 0x75, 0x59, 0x88, 0x00, 0x6d, 0xc9, 0x86, 0xb4, 0xc9, 0x4f, 0x16,
+    0x69, 0xe8, 0x25, 0xc9, 0x75, 0xfb, 0x5e, 0x72, 0x60, 0xa4, 0xf8, 0xe6, 0x6a, 0x37, 0x92, 0x15, 0x4e, 0xb4, 0x5e,
+    0x65, 0x4c, 0xd3, 0x4f, 0x82, 0x5f, 0x53, 0x6e, 0x0f, 0xf9, 0x30, 0xad, 0x96, 0x25, 0x3b, 0x36, 0x77, 0xd6, 0x1c,
+    0x2e, 0xdc, 0x71, 0xb0, 0xe3, 0x90, 0x31, 0x3b, 0x73, 0x1a, 0xe6, 0x6e, 0x8a, 0x37, 0x61, 0xa4, 0x80, 0x2f, 0xf1,
+    0xd1, 0xa4, 0x05, 0xf0, 0xc1, 0x8d, 0x27, 0x00, 0x9b, 0x3a, 0xdb, 0x49, 0x42, 0x92, 0xaa, 0x10, 0xcb, 0x04, 0x5e,
+    0x48, 0xb9, 0x53, 0x33, 0xd6, 0x64, 0x59, 0x16, 0xd5, 0x37, 0x46, 0x70, 0xf1, 0x25, 0x2f, 0x08, 0x52, 0x27, 0xa6,
+    0x00, 0x68, 0x8a, 0x7d, 0x73, 0x11, 0x74, 0x54, 0x96, 0xbd, 0x1f, 0xbf, 0x45, 0xc7, 0x5b, 0x7b, 0xfe, 0x95, 0x66,
+    0x80, 0x29, 0x10, 0x4c, 0x37, 0xcc, 0x83, 0x0d, 0x3d, 0x8c, 0x58, 0x91, 0xde, 0xb2, 0x2c, 0x03, 0x17, 0xc2, 0x0b,
+    0xdf, 0x5e, 0x2a, 0x92, 0x70, 0x07, 0x0b, 0x2f, 0xfe, 0x5a, 0xc4, 0xdf, 0x69, 0x2f, 0xa7, 0x97, 0x31, 0x93, 0x60,
+    0x72, 0xa2, 0xc0, 0x2e, 0x44, 0x4a, 0x60, 0xad, 0xc2, 0x6b, 0xe6, 0xf4, 0x8d, 0x01};
 
 // Backwards compatibility alias
 #define INDEX_GZ INDEX_BR
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
index 3fe3979a8b..ec536910e5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
@@ -214,8 +214,8 @@ void DeferredUpdateEventSource::process_deferred_queue_() {
 
 void DeferredUpdateEventSource::loop() {
   process_deferred_queue_();
-  if (!this->entities_iterator_.completed())
-    this->entities_iterator_.advance();
+  // One step per loop; refusals retry next pass
+  this->entities_iterator_.try_advance(1);
 }
 
 void DeferredUpdateEventSource::deferrable_send_state(void *source, const char *event_type,
@@ -321,12 +321,6 @@ void DeferredUpdateEventSourceList::on_client_connect_(DeferredUpdateEventSource
 #endif
 
     source->entities_iterator_.begin(ws->include_internal_);
-
-    // just dump them all up-front and take advantage of the deferred queue
-    //     on second thought that takes too long, but leaving the commented code here for debug purposes
-    // while(!source->entities_iterator_.completed()) {
-    //  source->entities_iterator_.advance();
-    //}
   });
 }
 
@@ -510,7 +504,7 @@ void WebServer::handle_pna_cors_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
   response->addHeader(ESPHOME_F("Access-Control-Allow-Origin"), origin.empty() ? "*" : origin.c_str());
   response->addHeader(ESPHOME_F("Access-Control-Allow-Private-Network"), ESPHOME_F("true"));
   response->addHeader(ESPHOME_F("Private-Network-Access-Name"), App.get_name().c_str());
-  char mac_s[18];
+  char mac_s[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
   response->addHeader(ESPHOME_F("Private-Network-Access-ID"), get_mac_address_pretty_into_buffer(mac_s));
   request->send(response);
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/web_server_base/__init__.py
index fc575d1c06..546e10ff5e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server_base/__init__.py
@@ -6,12 +6,13 @@ from esphome.const import CONF_ID
 from esphome.core import CORE, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.coroutine import CoroPriority
 from esphome.helpers import copy_file_if_changed
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["network"]
 
 
-def AUTO_LOAD():
+def AUTO_LOAD() -> list[str]:
     if CORE.is_esp32:
         return ["web_server_idf"]
     if CORE.using_arduino:
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ WebServerBase = web_server_base_ns.class_("WebServerBase")
 CONF_WEB_SERVER_BASE_ID = "web_server_base_id"
 
 
-def _consume_web_server_base_sockets(config):
+def _consume_web_server_base_sockets(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     """Register the shared listening socket for the HTTP server.
 
     web_server_base is the shared HTTP server used by web_server and captive_portal.
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.WEB_SERVER_BASE)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(cg.RawExpression(f"{web_server_base_ns}::global_web_server_base = {var}"))
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server_base/web_server_base.cpp b/esphome/components/web_server_base/web_server_base.cpp
index ccfc04f674..873c5b5a49 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server_base/web_server_base.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server_base/web_server_base.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ WebServerBase *global_web_server_base = nullptr;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-av
 
 void WebServerBase::add_handler(AsyncWebHandler *handler) {
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH
-  if (!credentials_.username.empty()) {
+  if (credentials_.is_set()) {
     handler = new internal::AuthMiddlewareHandler(handler, &credentials_);
   }
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server_base/web_server_base.h b/esphome/components/web_server_base/web_server_base.h
index 9657853a73..94579de70f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server_base/web_server_base.h
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server_base/web_server_base.h
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #if defined(USE_NETWORK) && !defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
-#include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "esphome/core/progmem.h"
@@ -46,9 +45,20 @@ class MiddlewareHandler : public AsyncWebHandler {
 };
 
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH
+// All fields point to string literals in generated code; nothing is copied.
 struct Credentials {
-  std::string username;
-  std::string password;
+#if USE_ESP32 || defined(USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH_DIGEST)
+  const char *username{nullptr};
+  const char *password{nullptr};
+  bool is_set() const { return username != nullptr; }
+#else
+  // base64("username:password"), precomputed at codegen time. Used by every non-ESP32 basic
+  // auth build. The ESP8266 and RP2040 core libb64 wraps base64 output every 72 chars, so
+  // letting the library encode and compare fails for long credentials; instead the header
+  // payload is compared against this hash.
+  const char *basic_auth_hash{nullptr};
+  bool is_set() const { return basic_auth_hash != nullptr; }
+#endif
 };
 
 class AuthMiddlewareHandler : public MiddlewareHandler {
@@ -57,10 +67,14 @@ class AuthMiddlewareHandler : public MiddlewareHandler {
       : MiddlewareHandler(next), credentials_(credentials) {}
 
   bool check_auth(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
-    bool success = request->authenticate(credentials_->username.c_str(), credentials_->password.c_str());
+    // The scheme is chosen at build time (USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH_DIGEST); the unused path is
+    // compiled out. On ESP32 our own server picks the scheme internally.
+#if USE_ESP32 || defined(USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH_DIGEST)
+    bool success = request->authenticate(credentials_->username, credentials_->password);
+#else
+    bool success = request->authenticate(credentials_->basic_auth_hash);
+#endif
     if (!success) {
-      // The scheme is chosen at build time (USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH_DIGEST); the unused path is
-      // compiled out. On ESP32 our own server picks the scheme internally.
 #if USE_ESP32
       request->requestAuthentication();
 #elif defined(USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH_DIGEST)
@@ -98,9 +112,18 @@ class AuthMiddlewareHandler : public MiddlewareHandler {
 
 class WebServerBase final {
  public:
+  // The AsyncWebServer is created once and intentionally never deleted: on Arduino
+  // platforms ESPAsyncWebServer owns its registered handlers, so destroying it would
+  // also destroy live components (e.g. the captive portal) out from under us.
+  // init()/deinit() refcount users and start/stop the listener; handlers are
+  // registered once at creation and survive listener restarts.
   void init() {
-    if (this->initialized_) {
-      this->initialized_++;
+    this->initialized_++;
+    if (this->server_ != nullptr) {
+      if (this->initialized_ == 1) {
+        // Restart the listener after a previous deinit()
+        this->server_->begin();
+      }
       return;
     }
     this->server_ = new AsyncWebServer(this->port_);
@@ -112,21 +135,24 @@ class WebServerBase final {
 
     for (auto *handler : this->handlers_)
       this->server_->addHandler(handler);
-
-    this->initialized_++;
   }
   void deinit() {
+    if (this->initialized_ == 0)
+      return;  // unbalanced deinit()
     this->initialized_--;
     if (this->initialized_ == 0) {
-      delete this->server_;
-      this->server_ = nullptr;
+      this->server_->end();
     }
   }
   AsyncWebServer *get_server() const { return this->server_; }
 
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH
-  void set_auth_username(std::string auth_username) { credentials_.username = std::move(auth_username); }
-  void set_auth_password(std::string auth_password) { credentials_.password = std::move(auth_password); }
+#if USE_ESP32 || defined(USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH_DIGEST)
+  void set_auth_username(const char *auth_username) { credentials_.username = auth_username; }
+  void set_auth_password(const char *auth_password) { credentials_.password = auth_password; }
+#else
+  void set_auth_basic_hash(const char *hash) { credentials_.basic_auth_hash = hash; }
+#endif
 #endif
 
   void add_handler(AsyncWebHandler *handler);
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server_idf/__init__.py b/esphome/components/web_server_idf/__init__.py
index 74a9d657a6..5a400dfbf3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server_idf/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server_idf/__init__.py
@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
-from esphome.components.esp32 import add_idf_sdkconfig_option
+from esphome.components.esp32 import (
+    add_idf_sdkconfig_option,
+    include_builtin_idf_component,
+)
+from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_defines
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@dentra"]
 
@@ -9,6 +14,17 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # Increase the maximum supported size of headers section in HTTP request packet to be processed by the server
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_HTTPD_MAX_REQ_HDR_LEN", 1024)
+    # Re-enable esp-tls (excluded by default to save compile time);
+    # web_server_idf.cpp includes <esp_tls_crypto.h> for digest auth
+    include_builtin_idf_component("esp-tls")
+    include_builtin_idf_component("esp_http_server")
+
+
+# multipart.cpp is fully #ifdef'd on USE_WEBSERVER_OTA (set by the
+# web_server OTA platform); skip it when OTA uploads are not configured.
+FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_defines(
+    {"multipart.cpp": "USE_WEBSERVER_OTA"}
+)
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp
index 993fb6c035..9550570cdc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp
@@ -935,8 +935,8 @@ void AsyncEventSourceResponse::process_buffer_() {
 void AsyncEventSourceResponse::loop() {
   process_buffer_();
   process_deferred_queue_();
-  if (!this->entities_iterator_.completed())
-    this->entities_iterator_.advance();
+  // One step per loop; refusals retry next pass
+  this->entities_iterator_.try_advance(1);
 }
 
 bool AsyncEventSourceResponse::try_send_nodefer(const char *message, size_t message_len, const char *event, uint32_t id,
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.h b/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.h
index baa55898bb..6469b4c564 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.h
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.h
@@ -117,12 +117,6 @@ class AsyncWebServerRequest {
   /// Write URL (without query string) to buffer, returns StringRef pointing to buffer.
   /// URL is decoded (e.g., %20 -> space).
   StringRef url_to(std::span<char, URL_BUF_SIZE> buffer) const;
-  // Remove before 2026.9.0
-  ESPDEPRECATED("Use url_to() instead. Removed in 2026.9.0", "2026.3.0")
-  std::string url() const {
-    char buffer[URL_BUF_SIZE];
-    return std::string(this->url_to(buffer));
-  }
   // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-identifier-naming)
   size_t contentLength() const { return this->req_->content_len; }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/weikai/__init__.py b/esphome/components/weikai/__init__.py
index bc80f167ef..8f0cf4ba33 100644
--- a/esphome/components/weikai/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/weikai/__init__.py
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_NUMBER,
     CONF_OUTPUT,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@DrCoolZic"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["uart"]
@@ -26,7 +28,7 @@ WeikaiComponent = weikai_ns.class_("WeikaiComponent", cg.Component)
 WeikaiChannel = weikai_ns.class_("WeikaiChannel", uart.UARTComponent)
 
 
-def check_channel_max(value, max):
+def check_channel_max(value: ConfigType, max: int) -> ConfigType:
     channel_uniq = []
     channel_dup = []
     for x in value[CONF_UART]:
@@ -41,11 +43,11 @@ def check_channel_max(value, max):
     return value
 
 
-def check_channel_max_4(value):
+def check_channel_max_4(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     return check_channel_max(value, 4)
 
 
-def check_channel_max_2(value):
+def check_channel_max_2(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     return check_channel_max(value, 2)
 
 
@@ -70,7 +72,7 @@ WKBASE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def register_weikai(var, config):
+async def register_weikai(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     """Register an weikai device with the given config."""
     cg.add(var.set_crystal(config[CONF_CRYSTAL]))
     cg.add(var.set_test_mode(config[CONF_TEST_MODE]))
@@ -85,7 +87,7 @@ async def register_weikai(var, config):
         cg.add(chan.set_parity(uart_elem[CONF_PARITY]))
 
 
-def validate_pin_mode(value):
+def validate_pin_mode(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     """Checks input/output mode inconsistency"""
     if not (value[CONF_MODE][CONF_INPUT] or value[CONF_MODE][CONF_OUTPUT]):
         raise cv.Invalid("Mode must be either input or output")
diff --git a/esphome/components/weikai/weikai.cpp b/esphome/components/weikai/weikai.cpp
index a19dce4db3..b95d474fd3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/weikai/weikai.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/weikai/weikai.cpp
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ void WeikaiComponent::loop() {
       }
       bool status = children_[i]->uart_receive_test_(message);
       ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Test %s => send/received %u bytes %s - execution time %" PRIu32 " ms", message, RING_BUFFER_SIZE,
-               status ? "correctly" : "with error", elapsed_ms(time));
+               status ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("correctly") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("with error"), elapsed_ms(time));
     }
   }
 
@@ -238,9 +238,9 @@ void WeikaiComponent::set_pin_direction_(uint8_t pin, gpio::Flags flags) {
 
 void WeikaiGPIOPin::setup() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Setting GPIO pin %d mode to %s", this->pin_,
-                flags_ == gpio::FLAG_INPUT          ? "Input"
-                : this->flags_ == gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT ? "Output"
-                                                    : "NOT SPECIFIED");
+                this->flags_ == gpio::FLAG_INPUT    ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("Input")
+                : this->flags_ == gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("Output")
+                                                    : LOG_STR_LITERAL("NOT SPECIFIED"));
   this->pin_mode(this->flags_);
 }
 
@@ -348,14 +348,18 @@ size_t WeikaiChannel::rx_in_fifo_() {
   uint8_t const fsr = this->reg(WKREG_FSR);
   if (fsr & (FSR_RFOE | FSR_RFLB | FSR_RFFE | FSR_RFPE)) {
     char bin_buf[9];
-    if (fsr & FSR_RFOE)
+    if (fsr & FSR_RFOE) {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Receive data overflow FSR=%s", format_bin_to(bin_buf, fsr));
-    if (fsr & FSR_RFLB)
+    }
+    if (fsr & FSR_RFLB) {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Receive line break FSR=%s", format_bin_to(bin_buf, fsr));
-    if (fsr & FSR_RFFE)
+    }
+    if (fsr & FSR_RFFE) {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Receive frame error FSR=%s", format_bin_to(bin_buf, fsr));
-    if (fsr & FSR_RFPE)
+    }
+    if (fsr & FSR_RFPE) {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Receive parity error FSR=%s", format_bin_to(bin_buf, fsr));
+    }
   }
   if ((available == 0) && (fsr & FSR_RFDAT)) {
     // here we should be very careful because we can have something like this:
@@ -420,7 +424,7 @@ bool WeikaiChannel::read_array(uint8_t *buffer, size_t length) {
     this->receive_buffer_.pop(buffer[i]);
   }
   ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "read_array(ch=%d buffer[0]=%02X, length=%d): status %s", this->channel_, *buffer, length,
-            status ? "OK" : "ERROR");
+            status ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("OK") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("ERROR"));
   return status;
 }
 
@@ -495,8 +499,9 @@ void print_buffer(std::vector<uint8_t> buffer) {
   hex_buffer[(3 * 32) + 1] = 0;
   for (size_t i = 0; i < buffer.size(); i++) {
     snprintf(&hex_buffer[3 * (i % 32)], sizeof(hex_buffer), "%02X ", buffer[i]);
-    if (i % 32 == 31)
+    if (i % 32 == 31) {
       ESP_LOGI(TAG, "   %s", hex_buffer);
+    }
   }
   if (buffer.size() % 32) {
     // null terminate if incomplete line
@@ -558,8 +563,8 @@ bool WeikaiChannel::uart_receive_test_(char *message) {
     }
   }
 
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "%s => received %d bytes  status %s - exec time %d µs", message, received, status ? "OK" : "ERROR",
-           micros() - start_exec);
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "%s => received %d bytes  status %s - exec time %d µs", message, received,
+           status ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("OK") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("ERROR"), micros() - start_exec);
   return status;
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/whirlpool/climate.py b/esphome/components/whirlpool/climate.py
index f969a505fb..3435a6c0bf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/whirlpool/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/whirlpool/climate.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_MODEL
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@glmnet"]
@@ -22,6 +23,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(WhirlpoolClimate).ext
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
     cg.add(var.set_model(config[CONF_MODEL]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/whirlpool/whirlpool.cpp b/esphome/components/whirlpool/whirlpool.cpp
index ace96d78fc..f560917f41 100644
--- a/esphome/components/whirlpool/whirlpool.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/whirlpool/whirlpool.cpp
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ void WhirlpoolClimate::transmit_state() {
   }
 
   // Swing
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "send swing %s", this->send_swing_cmd_ ? "true" : "false");
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "send swing %s", this->send_swing_cmd_ ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("true") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("false"));
   if (this->send_swing_cmd_) {
     if (this->swing_mode == climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL || this->swing_mode == climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF) {
       remote_state[2] |= 128;
diff --git a/esphome/components/whynter/climate.py b/esphome/components/whynter/climate.py
index bf33890d9c..36f0942281 100644
--- a/esphome/components/whynter/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/whynter/climate.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_USE_FAHRENHEIT
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 
@@ -16,6 +17,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(Whynter).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
     cg.add(var.set_fahrenheit(config[CONF_USE_FAHRENHEIT]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/whynter/whynter.cpp b/esphome/components/whynter/whynter.cpp
index b8a8db4d7c..f5f304aa17 100644
--- a/esphome/components/whynter/whynter.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/whynter/whynter.cpp
@@ -84,8 +84,8 @@ void Whynter::transmit_state() {
 
   if (fahrenheit_) {
     remote_state |= UNIT_MASK;
-    uint8_t temp =
-        (uint8_t) clamp<float>(esphome::celsius_to_fahrenheit(this->target_temperature), TEMP_MIN_F, TEMP_MAX_F);
+    uint8_t temp = (uint8_t) roundf(
+        clamp<float>(esphome::celsius_to_fahrenheit(this->target_temperature), TEMP_MIN_F, TEMP_MAX_F));
     temp = esphome::reverse_bits(temp);
     remote_state |= temp;
   } else {
diff --git a/esphome/components/wiegand/__init__.py b/esphome/components/wiegand/__init__.py
index 36ec7bd43f..dd6e84ac25 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wiegand/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wiegand/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import key_provider
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_ON_KEY, CONF_ON_TAG, CONF_TRIGGER_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@ssieb"]
 
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_D0])
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py b/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py
index 4bb6629da1..b8c6d774ac 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py
@@ -445,10 +445,15 @@ def _report_provisioning_credentials(config):
     about this, since a device that uses a provisioning window should get its
     credentials on first connection instead.
     """
-    if config.get(CONF_NETWORKS):
-        from esphome.components import provisioning
+    from esphome.components import provisioning
 
+    if config.get(CONF_NETWORKS):
         provisioning.report_hardcoded_credentials("wifi")
+    elif CONF_AP in config:
+        # An access point with no station credentials: the AP shuts down when the
+        # provisioning window closes, so `provisioning:` warns that the device may
+        # become unreachable until power-cycled.
+        provisioning.report_ap_without_sta()
     return config
 
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/scan_list.h b/esphome/components/wifi/scan_list.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8a11c745da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/scan_list.h
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace esphome::wifi {
+
+// A scan lists every BSSID, so one SSID can appear several times. Returns true for
+// the strongest entry per SSID (earliest on ties), never for hidden entries. scan
+// must be an element of results. with_auth is written only when returning true and
+// is set if any entry with that SSID needs a key. Templated for host tests.
+template<typename Results, typename Entry>
+bool should_show_scan_entry(const Results &results, const Entry &scan, bool &with_auth) {
+  if (scan.get_is_hidden())
+    return false;
+  const int8_t rssi = scan.get_rssi();
+  bool any_auth = false;
+  for (const auto &other : results) {
+    if (other.get_is_hidden() || !other.ssid_equals(scan))
+      continue;
+    // Same array, so address order is index order. scan fails both checks against itself.
+    if (other.get_rssi() > rssi || (other.get_rssi() == rssi && &other < &scan))
+      return false;
+    any_auth |= other.get_with_auth();
+  }
+  with_auth = any_auth;
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::wifi
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp
index 182e86daed..694e616476 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp
@@ -530,7 +530,7 @@ void WiFiComponent::log_discarded_scan_result_(const char *ssid, const uint8_t *
 #if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
   // Skip logging during roaming scans to avoid log buffer overflow
   // (roaming scans typically find many networks but only care about same-SSID APs)
-  if (this->roaming_state_ == RoamingState::SCANNING) {
+  if (this->is_roaming_scan_active()) {
     return;
   }
   char bssid_s[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
@@ -618,8 +618,6 @@ static const char *eap_phase2_to_str(esp_eap_ttls_phase2_types type) {
 }
 #endif
 
-float WiFiComponent::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::WIFI; }
-
 void WiFiComponent::setup() {
   this->wifi_pre_setup_();
 
@@ -635,6 +633,21 @@ void WiFiComponent::setup() {
   this->configured_power_save_ = this->power_save_;
 #endif
 
+#if defined(USE_PROVISIONING) && defined(USE_WIFI_AP)
+  // The access point is a provisioning surface: once the provisioning window has
+  // closed, shut it down (mirrors the teardown done on a successful connection).
+  // The captive portal registers its own closed-callback, and the fallback block
+  // in loop() is gated so neither is started again afterwards.
+  if (provisioning::global_provisioning_manager != nullptr) {
+    provisioning::global_provisioning_manager->add_on_closed_callback([this]() {
+      if (this->ap_setup_) {
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Provisioning window closed; disabling AP");
+        this->wifi_mode_({}, false);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+#endif
+
   if (this->enable_on_boot_) {
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
     this->wifi_lazy_init_();
@@ -835,7 +848,7 @@ void WiFiComponent::loop() {
 
           // Post-connect roaming: check for better AP
           if (this->post_connect_roaming_) {
-            if (this->roaming_state_ == RoamingState::SCANNING) {
+            if (this->is_roaming_scan_active()) {
               if (this->scan_done_) {
                 this->process_roaming_scan_();
               }
@@ -856,7 +869,15 @@ void WiFiComponent::loop() {
     }
 
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_AP
-    if (this->has_ap() && !this->ap_setup_) {
+    bool provisioning_closed = false;
+#ifdef USE_PROVISIONING
+    // Once the provisioning window has closed, don't bring up the fallback AP (or
+    // the captive portal on it) - the device must stay unprovisionable until it is
+    // power-cycled.
+    provisioning_closed =
+        provisioning::global_provisioning_manager != nullptr && provisioning::global_provisioning_manager->closed();
+#endif
+    if (this->has_ap() && !this->ap_setup_ && !provisioning_closed) {
       if (this->ap_timeout_ != 0 && (now - this->last_connected_ > this->ap_timeout_)) {
         ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Starting fallback AP");
         this->setup_ap_config_();
@@ -912,7 +933,7 @@ void WiFiComponent::loop() {
     if (semaphore_count > 0 && !this->is_high_performance_mode_) {
       // Transition to high-performance mode (no power save)
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Switching to high-performance mode (%" PRIu32 " active %s)", (uint32_t) semaphore_count,
-               semaphore_count == 1 ? "request" : "requests");
+               semaphore_count == 1 ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("request") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("requests"));
       this->power_save_ = WIFI_POWER_SAVE_NONE;
       if (this->wifi_apply_power_save_()) {
         this->is_high_performance_mode_ = true;
@@ -931,10 +952,6 @@ void WiFiComponent::loop() {
 
 WiFiComponent::WiFiComponent() { global_wifi_component = this; }
 
-#ifdef USE_WIFI_11KV_SUPPORT
-void WiFiComponent::set_btm(bool btm) { this->btm_ = btm; }
-void WiFiComponent::set_rrm(bool rrm) { this->rrm_ = rrm; }
-#endif
 network::IPAddresses WiFiComponent::get_ip_addresses() {
   if (this->has_sta())
     return this->wifi_sta_ip_addresses();
@@ -1117,7 +1134,7 @@ void WiFiComponent::connect_soon_() {
 
 void WiFiComponent::start_connecting(const WiFiAP &ap) {
   // Log connection attempt at INFO level with priority
-  char bssid_s[18];
+  char bssid_s[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
   int8_t priority = 0;
 
   if (ap.has_bssid()) {
@@ -1164,8 +1181,9 @@ void WiFiComponent::start_connecting(const WiFiAP &ap) {
              "    CA Cert:     %s\n"
              "    Client Cert: %s\n"
              "    Client Key:  %s",
-             ca_cert_present ? "present" : "not present", client_cert_present ? "present" : "not present",
-             client_key_present ? "present" : "not present");
+             ca_cert_present ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("present") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("not present"),
+             client_cert_present ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("present") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("not present"),
+             client_key_present ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("present") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("not present"));
   } else {
 #endif
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "  Password: " LOG_SECRET("'%s'"), ap.password_.c_str());
@@ -1299,7 +1317,8 @@ void WiFiComponent::print_connect_params_() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "  BTM: %s\n"
                 "  RRM: %s",
-                this->btm_ ? "enabled" : "disabled", this->rrm_ ? "enabled" : "disabled");
+                this->btm_ ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("enabled") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("disabled"),
+                this->rrm_ ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("enabled") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("disabled"));
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -1327,8 +1346,6 @@ void WiFiComponent::disable() {
   this->wifi_mode_(false, false);
 }
 
-bool WiFiComponent::is_disabled() { return this->state_ == WIFI_COMPONENT_STATE_DISABLED; }
-
 void WiFiComponent::start_scanning() {
   this->action_started_ = millis();
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Starting scan");
@@ -1676,7 +1693,7 @@ void WiFiComponent::check_connecting_finished(uint32_t now) {
     this->clear_all_bssid_priorities_();
 
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_FAST_CONNECT
-    this->save_fast_connect_settings_();
+    this->save_fast_connect_settings_(this->wifi_bssid(), get_wifi_channel());
 #endif
 
     this->release_scan_results_();
@@ -2068,7 +2085,7 @@ void WiFiComponent::log_and_adjust_priority_for_failed_connect_() {
         (old_priority > std::numeric_limits<int8_t>::min()) ? (old_priority - 1) : std::numeric_limits<int8_t>::min();
     this->set_sta_priority(failed_bssid.value(), new_priority);
   }
-  char bssid_s[18];
+  char bssid_s[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
   format_mac_addr_upper(failed_bssid.value().data(), bssid_s);
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Failed " LOG_SECRET("'%s'") " " LOG_SECRET("(%s)") ", priority %d → %d", ssid != nullptr ? ssid : "",
            bssid_s, old_priority, new_priority);
@@ -2152,7 +2169,7 @@ void WiFiComponent::retry_connect() {
     // Roam connection failed - transition to reconnecting
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Roam failed, reconnecting (attempt %u/%u)", this->roaming_attempts_, ROAMING_MAX_ATTEMPTS);
     this->roaming_state_ = RoamingState::RECONNECTING;
-  } else if (this->roaming_state_ == RoamingState::SCANNING) {
+  } else if (this->is_roaming_scan_active()) {
     // Disconnected during roam scan - transition to RECONNECTING so the attempts
     // counter is preserved when reconnection succeeds (IDLE would reset it)
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Disconnected during roam scan (attempt %u/%u)", this->roaming_attempts_, ROAMING_MAX_ATTEMPTS);
@@ -2196,7 +2213,6 @@ void WiFiComponent::retry_connect() {
   }
 }
 
-void WiFiComponent::set_reboot_timeout(uint32_t reboot_timeout) { this->reboot_timeout_ = reboot_timeout; }
 void WiFiComponent::set_power_save_mode(WiFiPowerSaveMode power_save) {
   this->power_save_ = power_save;
 #if defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(USE_WIFI_RUNTIME_POWER_SAVE)
@@ -2204,8 +2220,6 @@ void WiFiComponent::set_power_save_mode(WiFiPowerSaveMode power_save) {
 #endif
 }
 
-void WiFiComponent::set_passive_scan(bool passive) { this->passive_scan_ = passive; }
-
 bool WiFiComponent::is_captive_portal_active_() {
 #ifdef USE_CAPTIVE_PORTAL
   return captive_portal::global_captive_portal != nullptr && captive_portal::global_captive_portal->is_active();
@@ -2301,9 +2315,7 @@ bool WiFiComponent::load_fast_connect_settings_(WiFiAP &params) {
   return false;
 }
 
-void WiFiComponent::save_fast_connect_settings_() {
-  bssid_t bssid = wifi_bssid();
-  uint8_t channel = get_wifi_channel();
+void WiFiComponent::save_fast_connect_settings_(const bssid_t &bssid, uint8_t channel) {
   // selected_sta_index_ is always valid here (called only after successful connection)
   // Fallback to 0 is defensive programming for robustness
   int8_t ap_index = this->selected_sta_index_ >= 0 ? this->selected_sta_index_ : 0;
@@ -2326,33 +2338,6 @@ void WiFiComponent::save_fast_connect_settings_() {
 }
 #endif
 
-void WiFiAP::set_ssid(const std::string &ssid) { this->ssid_ = CompactString(ssid.c_str(), ssid.size()); }
-void WiFiAP::set_ssid(const char *ssid) { this->ssid_ = CompactString(ssid, strlen(ssid)); }
-void WiFiAP::set_bssid(const bssid_t &bssid) { this->bssid_ = bssid; }
-void WiFiAP::clear_bssid() { this->bssid_ = {}; }
-void WiFiAP::set_password(const std::string &password) {
-  this->password_ = CompactString(password.c_str(), password.size());
-}
-void WiFiAP::set_password(const char *password) { this->password_ = CompactString(password, strlen(password)); }
-#ifdef USE_WIFI_WPA2_EAP
-void WiFiAP::set_eap(optional<EAPAuth> eap_auth) { this->eap_ = std::move(eap_auth); }
-#endif
-void WiFiAP::set_channel(uint8_t channel) { this->channel_ = channel; }
-void WiFiAP::clear_channel() { this->channel_ = 0; }
-#ifdef USE_WIFI_MANUAL_IP
-void WiFiAP::set_manual_ip(optional<ManualIP> manual_ip) { this->manual_ip_ = manual_ip; }
-#endif
-void WiFiAP::set_hidden(bool hidden) { this->hidden_ = hidden; }
-const bssid_t &WiFiAP::get_bssid() const { return this->bssid_; }
-bool WiFiAP::has_bssid() const { return this->bssid_ != bssid_t{}; }
-#ifdef USE_WIFI_WPA2_EAP
-const optional<EAPAuth> &WiFiAP::get_eap() const { return this->eap_; }
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_WIFI_MANUAL_IP
-const optional<ManualIP> &WiFiAP::get_manual_ip() const { return this->manual_ip_; }
-#endif
-bool WiFiAP::get_hidden() const { return this->hidden_; }
-
 WiFiScanResult::WiFiScanResult(const bssid_t &bssid, const char *ssid, size_t ssid_len, uint8_t channel, int8_t rssi,
                                bool with_auth, bool is_hidden)
     : bssid_(bssid),
@@ -2398,14 +2383,6 @@ bool WiFiScanResult::matches(const WiFiAP &config) const {
   }
   return true;
 }
-bool WiFiScanResult::get_matches() const { return this->matches_; }
-void WiFiScanResult::set_matches(bool matches) { this->matches_ = matches; }
-const bssid_t &WiFiScanResult::get_bssid() const { return this->bssid_; }
-uint8_t WiFiScanResult::get_channel() const { return this->channel_; }
-int8_t WiFiScanResult::get_rssi() const { return this->rssi_; }
-bool WiFiScanResult::get_with_auth() const { return this->with_auth_; }
-bool WiFiScanResult::get_is_hidden() const { return this->is_hidden_; }
-
 bool WiFiScanResult::operator==(const WiFiScanResult &rhs) const { return this->bssid_ == rhs.bssid_; }
 
 void WiFiComponent::clear_roaming_state_() {
@@ -2416,6 +2393,25 @@ void WiFiComponent::clear_roaming_state_() {
   this->roaming_state_ = RoamingState::IDLE;
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+void WiFiComponent::handle_driver_roam_(const bssid_t &bssid, uint8_t channel) {
+  // A driver-initiated roam (e.g. 802.11v BTM) re-associates without the state
+  // machine ever leaving STA_CONNECTED, so check_connecting_finished() never runs.
+  // Redo its post-connect bookkeeping here. roaming_state_ is deliberately left
+  // untouched so an in-flight roaming scan is not orphaned. The BSSID and
+  // channel both come from the connected event so the saved pair is consistent:
+  // the radio may be off-channel during a roaming scan, and a later queued
+  // event may have moved the driver on again by the time this one is processed.
+  this->roaming_last_check_ = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+  this->roaming_attempts_ = 0;
+  this->roaming_scan_end_ = 0;
+  this->clear_all_bssid_priorities_();
+#ifdef USE_WIFI_FAST_CONNECT
+  this->save_fast_connect_settings_(bssid, channel);
+#endif
+}
+#endif
+
 void WiFiComponent::release_scan_results_() {
   if (!this->keep_scan_results_) {
     ScanResultsLock lock(this);
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h
index 43e44a135f..cfdbc1a968 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include <span>
 #include <string>
 #include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
 #ifdef USE_LIBRETINY
@@ -65,6 +66,12 @@ extern "C" {
 #include <freertos/semphr.h>
 #endif
 
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+// Forward declaration matching esp_netif's own typedef; avoids pulling esp_netif.h
+// into this widely-included header.
+using esp_netif_t = struct esp_netif_obj;
+#endif
+
 namespace esphome::wifi {
 
 /// Sentinel value for RSSI when WiFi is not connected
@@ -255,38 +262,38 @@ class WiFiAP {
   friend class WiFiScanResult;
 
  public:
-  void set_ssid(const std::string &ssid);
-  void set_ssid(const char *ssid);
+  void set_ssid(const std::string &ssid) { this->ssid_ = CompactString(ssid.c_str(), ssid.size()); }
+  void set_ssid(const char *ssid) { this->set_ssid(StringRef(ssid)); }
   void set_ssid(StringRef ssid) { this->ssid_ = CompactString(ssid.c_str(), ssid.size()); }
-  void set_bssid(const bssid_t &bssid);
-  void clear_bssid();
-  void set_password(const std::string &password);
-  void set_password(const char *password);
+  void set_bssid(const bssid_t &bssid) { this->bssid_ = bssid; }
+  void clear_bssid() { this->bssid_ = {}; }
+  void set_password(const std::string &password) { this->password_ = CompactString(password.c_str(), password.size()); }
+  void set_password(const char *password) { this->set_password(StringRef(password)); }
   void set_password(StringRef password) { this->password_ = CompactString(password.c_str(), password.size()); }
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_WPA2_EAP
-  void set_eap(optional<EAPAuth> eap_auth);
+  void set_eap(optional<EAPAuth> eap_auth) { this->eap_ = std::move(eap_auth); }
 #endif  // USE_WIFI_WPA2_EAP
-  void set_channel(uint8_t channel);
-  void clear_channel();
+  void set_channel(uint8_t channel) { this->channel_ = channel; }
+  void clear_channel() { this->channel_ = 0; }
   void set_priority(int8_t priority) { priority_ = priority; }
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_MANUAL_IP
-  void set_manual_ip(optional<ManualIP> manual_ip);
+  void set_manual_ip(optional<ManualIP> manual_ip) { this->manual_ip_ = manual_ip; }
 #endif
-  void set_hidden(bool hidden);
+  void set_hidden(bool hidden) { this->hidden_ = hidden; }
   StringRef get_ssid() const { return this->ssid_.ref(); }
   StringRef get_password() const { return this->password_.ref(); }
-  const bssid_t &get_bssid() const;
-  bool has_bssid() const;
+  const bssid_t &get_bssid() const { return this->bssid_; }
+  bool has_bssid() const { return this->bssid_ != bssid_t{}; }
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_WPA2_EAP
-  const optional<EAPAuth> &get_eap() const;
+  const optional<EAPAuth> &get_eap() const { return this->eap_; }
 #endif  // USE_WIFI_WPA2_EAP
   uint8_t get_channel() const { return this->channel_; }
   bool has_channel() const { return this->channel_ != 0; }
   int8_t get_priority() const { return priority_; }
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_MANUAL_IP
-  const optional<ManualIP> &get_manual_ip() const;
+  const optional<ManualIP> &get_manual_ip() const { return this->manual_ip_; }
 #endif
-  bool get_hidden() const;
+  bool get_hidden() const { return this->hidden_; }
 
  protected:
   CompactString ssid_;
@@ -313,14 +320,15 @@ class WiFiScanResult {
 
   bool matches(const WiFiAP &config) const;
 
-  bool get_matches() const;
-  void set_matches(bool matches);
-  const bssid_t &get_bssid() const;
+  bool get_matches() const { return this->matches_; }
+  void set_matches(bool matches) { this->matches_ = matches; }
+  const bssid_t &get_bssid() const { return this->bssid_; }
   StringRef get_ssid() const { return this->ssid_.ref(); }
-  uint8_t get_channel() const;
-  int8_t get_rssi() const;
-  bool get_with_auth() const;
-  bool get_is_hidden() const;
+  uint8_t get_channel() const { return this->channel_; }
+  int8_t get_rssi() const { return this->rssi_; }
+  bool get_with_auth() const { return this->with_auth_; }
+  bool get_is_hidden() const { return this->is_hidden_; }
+  bool ssid_equals(const WiFiScanResult &other) const { return this->ssid_ == other.ssid_; }
   int8_t get_priority() const { return priority_; }
   void set_priority(int8_t priority) { priority_ = priority; }
 
@@ -435,6 +443,7 @@ class WiFiComponent final : public Component {
   void set_sta(const WiFiAP &ap);
   // Returns a copy of the currently selected AP configuration
   WiFiAP get_sta() const;
+  // init_sta/add_sta kept out of line: inlining them into the generated setup() grows flash
   void init_sta(size_t count);
   void add_sta(const WiFiAP &ap);
   void clear_sta();
@@ -454,7 +463,7 @@ class WiFiComponent final : public Component {
 
   void enable();
   void disable();
-  bool is_disabled();
+  bool is_disabled() { return this->state_ == WIFI_COMPONENT_STATE_DISABLED; }
   void start_scanning();
   void check_scanning_finished();
   void start_connecting(const WiFiAP &ap);
@@ -465,10 +474,23 @@ class WiFiComponent final : public Component {
 
   void retry_connect();
 
-  void set_reboot_timeout(uint32_t reboot_timeout);
+  void set_reboot_timeout(uint32_t reboot_timeout) { this->reboot_timeout_ = reboot_timeout; }
 
   bool is_connected() const { return this->connected_; }
 
+  /// True while a post-connect roaming scan holds the radio off-channel.
+  bool is_roaming_scan_active() const { return this->roaming_state_ == RoamingState::SCANNING; }
+
+  /// True while a post-connect roam is in progress (scanning off-channel, reassociating,
+  /// or recovering from a failed roam).
+  bool is_roaming() const { return this->roaming_state_ != RoamingState::IDLE; }
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+  /// esp_netif handle of the station interface, used by network for default-route
+  /// arbitration. nullptr until wifi_lazy_init_() has run.
+  esp_netif_t *get_esp_netif_sta();
+#endif
+
   void set_power_save_mode(WiFiPowerSaveMode power_save);
   void set_min_auth_mode(WifiMinAuthMode min_auth_mode) { min_auth_mode_ = min_auth_mode; }
   void set_output_power(float output_power) { output_power_ = output_power; }
@@ -479,7 +501,7 @@ class WiFiComponent final : public Component {
   void set_phy_mode(WiFi8266PhyMode phy_mode) { this->phy_mode_ = phy_mode; }
 #endif
 
-  void set_passive_scan(bool passive);
+  void set_passive_scan(bool passive) { this->passive_scan_ = passive; }
 
   void save_wifi_sta(const std::string &ssid, const std::string &password);
   void save_wifi_sta(const char *ssid, const char *password);
@@ -493,7 +515,7 @@ class WiFiComponent final : public Component {
   void dump_config() override;
   void restart_adapter();
   /// WIFI setup_priority.
-  float get_setup_priority() const override;
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::WIFI; }
   /// Reconnect WiFi if required.
   void loop() override;
 
@@ -502,8 +524,8 @@ class WiFiComponent final : public Component {
   bool is_ap_active() const { return this->ap_started_; }
 
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_11KV_SUPPORT
-  void set_btm(bool btm);
-  void set_rrm(bool rrm);
+  void set_btm(bool btm) { this->btm_ = btm; }
+  void set_rrm(bool rrm) { this->rrm_ = rrm; }
 #endif
 
   network::IPAddress get_dns_address(int num);
@@ -537,9 +559,6 @@ class WiFiComponent final : public Component {
   void set_sta_priority(bssid_t bssid, int8_t priority);
 
   network::IPAddresses wifi_sta_ip_addresses();
-  // Remove before 2026.9.0
-  ESPDEPRECATED("Use wifi_ssid_to() instead. Removed in 2026.9.0", "2026.3.0")
-  std::string wifi_ssid();
   /// Write SSID to buffer without heap allocation.
   /// Returns pointer to buffer, or empty string if not connected.
   const char *wifi_ssid_to(std::span<char, SSID_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer);
@@ -781,13 +800,19 @@ class WiFiComponent final : public Component {
 
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_FAST_CONNECT
   bool load_fast_connect_settings_(WiFiAP &params);
-  void save_fast_connect_settings_();
+  void save_fast_connect_settings_(const bssid_t &bssid, uint8_t channel);
 #endif
 
   // Post-connect roaming methods
   void check_roaming_(uint32_t now);
   void process_roaming_scan_();
   void clear_roaming_state_();
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+  /// Redo post-connect bookkeeping after a driver-initiated roam (e.g. 802.11v BTM)
+  /// @param bssid The new AP's BSSID, taken from the connected event
+  /// @param channel The new AP's channel, taken from the connected event
+  void handle_driver_roam_(const bssid_t &bssid, uint8_t channel);
+#endif
 
   /// Returns true if a component has requested that roaming scans be suppressed (e.g. during audio playback).
   bool roaming_suppressed_() const {
@@ -933,6 +958,14 @@ class WiFiComponent final : public Component {
   // On ESP8266, written from SDK system context (wifi_event_callback) —
   // uint8_t writes are atomic on Xtensa LX106 so no synchronization is needed.
   uint8_t sta_state_{0};
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_LIBRETINY
+  // First attempt since STA-up (re-armed on every STA off->on); the
+  // pre-attempt teardown is skipped then.
+  bool lt_first_connect_attempt_{true};
+  // A self-inflicted disconnect from that teardown is pending; it must not
+  // consume an ignored-disconnect slot.
+  bool lt_teardown_event_pending_{false};
 #endif
   RetryHiddenMode retry_hidden_mode_{RetryHiddenMode::BLIND_RETRY};
   RoamingState roaming_state_{RoamingState::IDLE};
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp
index e082b2c8c1..b4a91fb3cd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp
@@ -136,10 +136,21 @@ bool WiFiComponent::wifi_apply_power_save_() {
   https://github.com/d-a-v/Arduino/blob/0e7d21e17144cfc5f53c016191daca8723e89ee8/libraries/ESP8266WiFi/src/ESP8266WiFiSTA.cpp#L251
  */
 #undef netif_set_addr  // need to call lwIP-v1.4 netif_set_addr()
+#undef netif_set_down  // need to call lwIP-v1.4 netif_set_down()
 extern "C" {
 struct netif *eagle_lwip_getif(int netif_index);
 void netif_set_addr(struct netif *netif, const ip4_addr_t *ip, const ip4_addr_t *netmask, const ip4_addr_t *gw);
+void netif_set_down(struct netif *netif);
 };
+
+// The SDK can free its WiFi connection node before taking the STA netif down, letting lwIP
+// timers (e.g. IGMP reports armed by mDNS) transmit into the dead driver and crash in
+// cnx_node_search; taking the netif down first makes the glue drop such frames (#18308).
+static void sta_netif_down() {
+  struct netif *iface = eagle_lwip_getif(STATION_IF);
+  if (iface != nullptr)
+    netif_set_down(iface);
+}
 #endif
 
 bool WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_ip_config_(const optional<ManualIP> &manual_ip) {
@@ -516,13 +527,16 @@ void WiFiComponent::wifi_event_callback(System_Event_t *event) {
                  (const char *) it.ssid);
         global_wifi_component->sta_state_ = static_cast<uint8_t>(ESP8266WiFiSTAState::ERROR_NOT_FOUND);
       } else {
-        char bssid_s[18];
+        char bssid_s[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
         format_mac_addr_upper(it.bssid, bssid_s);
         ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Disconnected ssid='%.*s' bssid=" LOG_SECRET("%s") " reason='%s'", it.ssid_len,
                  (const char *) it.ssid, bssid_s, LOG_STR_ARG(get_disconnect_reason_str(it.reason)));
         global_wifi_component->sta_state_ = static_cast<uint8_t>(ESP8266WiFiSTAState::ERROR_FAILED);
       }
       global_wifi_component->error_from_callback_ = true;
+#if LWIP_VERSION_MAJOR != 1
+      sta_netif_down();
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_CONNECT_STATE_LISTENERS
       global_wifi_component->pending_.disconnect = true;
 #endif
@@ -536,6 +550,9 @@ void WiFiComponent::wifi_event_callback(System_Event_t *event) {
       // https://lbsfilm.at/blog/wpa2-authenticationmode-downgrade-in-espressif-microprocessors
       if (it.old_mode != AUTH_OPEN && it.new_mode == AUTH_OPEN) {
         ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Potential Authmode downgrade detected, disconnecting");
+#if LWIP_VERSION_MAJOR != 1
+        sta_netif_down();
+#endif
         wifi_station_disconnect();
         global_wifi_component->error_from_callback_ = true;
       }
@@ -700,7 +717,7 @@ bool WiFiComponent::wifi_scan_start_(bool passive) {
   static constexpr uint32_t SCAN_ACTIVE_MAX_DEFAULT_MS = 500;
   static constexpr uint32_t SCAN_ACTIVE_MIN_ROAMING_MS = 100;
   static constexpr uint32_t SCAN_ACTIVE_MAX_ROAMING_MS = 300;
-  bool roaming = this->roaming_state_ == RoamingState::SCANNING;
+  bool roaming = this->is_roaming_scan_active();
   if (passive) {
     config.scan_time.passive = roaming ? SCAN_PASSIVE_ROAMING_MS : SCAN_PASSIVE_DEFAULT_MS;
   } else {
@@ -719,8 +736,12 @@ bool WiFiComponent::wifi_scan_start_(bool passive) {
 bool WiFiComponent::wifi_disconnect_() {
   bool ret = true;
   // Only call disconnect if interface is up
-  if (wifi_get_opmode() & WIFI_STA)
+  if (wifi_get_opmode() & WIFI_STA) {
+#if LWIP_VERSION_MAJOR != 1
+    sta_netif_down();
+#endif
     ret = wifi_station_disconnect();
+  }
   station_config conf{};
   memset(&conf, 0, sizeof(conf));
   ETS_UART_INTR_DISABLE();
@@ -923,16 +944,6 @@ bssid_t WiFiComponent::wifi_bssid() {
   }
   return bssid;
 }
-std::string WiFiComponent::wifi_ssid() {
-  struct station_config conf {};
-  if (!wifi_station_get_config(&conf)) {
-    return "";
-  }
-  // conf.ssid is uint8[32], not null-terminated if full
-  auto *ssid_s = reinterpret_cast<const char *>(conf.ssid);
-  size_t len = strnlen(ssid_s, sizeof(conf.ssid));
-  return {ssid_s, len};
-}
 const char *WiFiComponent::wifi_ssid_to(std::span<char, SSID_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer) {
   struct station_config conf {};
   if (!wifi_station_get_config(&conf)) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp_idf.cpp
index d78cd21380..ce75d21330 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp_idf.cpp
@@ -140,11 +140,6 @@ void event_handler(void *arg, esp_event_base_t event_base, int32_t event_id, voi
 }
 
 void WiFiComponent::wifi_pre_setup_() {
-  uint8_t mac[6];
-  if (has_custom_mac_address()) {
-    get_mac_address_raw(mac);
-    set_mac_address(mac);
-  }
   // Network interface setup handled by network component
   s_wifi_event_group = xEventGroupCreate();
   if (s_wifi_event_group == nullptr) {
@@ -580,7 +575,14 @@ bool WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_ip_config_(const optional<ManualIP> &manual_ip) {
     // lwIP starts the SNTP client if it gets an SNTP server from DHCP. We don't need the time, and more importantly,
     // the built-in SNTP client has a memory leak in certain situations. Disable this feature.
     // https://github.com/esphome/issues/issues/2299
-    sntp_servermode_dhcp(false);
+    {
+#if SNTP_GET_SERVERS_FROM_DHCP || SNTP_GET_SERVERS_FROM_DHCPV6
+      // sntp_servermode_dhcp() is an empty macro unless lwIP is built with
+      // DHCP-supplied NTP servers, so only that build needs the core lock.
+      LwIPLock lock;
+#endif
+      sntp_servermode_dhcp(false);
+    }
 
     // No manual IP is set; use DHCP client
     if (dhcp_status != ESP_NETIF_DHCP_STARTED) {
@@ -620,6 +622,8 @@ bool WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_ip_config_(const optional<ManualIP> &manual_ip) {
   return true;
 }
 
+esp_netif_t *WiFiComponent::get_esp_netif_sta() { return s_sta_netif; }
+
 network::IPAddresses WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_ip_addresses() {
   if (!this->has_sta())
     return {};
@@ -825,6 +829,19 @@ void WiFiComponent::wifi_process_event_(IDFWiFiEvent *data) {
              (const char *) it.ssid, bssid_buf, it.channel, get_auth_mode_str(it.authmode));
 #endif
     s_sta_connected = true;
+    if (this->state_ == WIFI_COMPONENT_STATE_STA_CONNECTED) {
+      // Driver-initiated roam: the WIFI_REASON_ROAMING disconnect was ignored,
+      // so the state machine never left STA_CONNECTED.
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_INFO
+      char roam_bssid_s[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
+      format_mac_addr_upper(it.bssid, roam_bssid_s);
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Roamed ssid='%.*s' bssid=" LOG_SECRET("%s") " channel=%u", it.ssid_len, (const char *) it.ssid,
+               roam_bssid_s, it.channel);
+#endif
+      bssid_t roam_bssid;
+      std::copy(it.bssid, it.bssid + 6, roam_bssid.begin());
+      this->handle_driver_roam_(roam_bssid, it.channel);
+    }
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_CONNECT_STATE_LISTENERS
     // Defer listener notification until state machine reaches STA_CONNECTED
     // This ensures wifi.connected condition returns true in listener automations
@@ -847,7 +864,7 @@ void WiFiComponent::wifi_process_event_(IDFWiFiEvent *data) {
       ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Disconnected ssid='%.*s' reason='Station Roaming'", it.ssid_len, (const char *) it.ssid);
       return;
     } else {
-      char bssid_s[18];
+      char bssid_s[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
       format_mac_addr_upper(it.bssid, bssid_s);
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Disconnected ssid='%.*s' bssid=" LOG_SECRET("%s") " reason='%s'", it.ssid_len,
                (const char *) it.ssid, bssid_s, get_disconnect_reason_str(it.reason));
@@ -1042,7 +1059,7 @@ bool WiFiComponent::wifi_scan_start_(bool passive) {
   // When scanning while connected (roaming), return to home channel between
   // each scanned channel to maintain the connection (helps with BLE/WiFi coexistence)
 #ifdef CONFIG_SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED
-  if (this->roaming_state_ == RoamingState::SCANNING) {
+  if (this->is_roaming_scan_active()) {
     config.coex_background_scan = true;
   }
 #endif
@@ -1215,18 +1232,6 @@ bssid_t WiFiComponent::wifi_bssid() {
   std::copy(info.bssid, info.bssid + 6, bssid.begin());
   return bssid;
 }
-std::string WiFiComponent::wifi_ssid() {
-  wifi_ap_record_t info{};
-  esp_err_t err = esp_wifi_sta_get_ap_info(&info);
-  if (err != ESP_OK) {
-    // Very verbose only: this is expected during dump_config() before connection is established (PR #9823)
-    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "esp_wifi_sta_get_ap_info failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
-    return "";
-  }
-  auto *ssid_s = reinterpret_cast<const char *>(info.ssid);
-  size_t len = strnlen(ssid_s, sizeof(info.ssid));
-  return {ssid_s, len};
-}
 const char *WiFiComponent::wifi_ssid_to(std::span<char, SSID_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer) {
   wifi_ap_record_t info{};
   esp_err_t err = esp_wifi_sta_get_ap_info(&info);
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_libretiny.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_libretiny.cpp
index ce9c4eb6ce..63a63e7342 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_libretiny.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_libretiny.cpp
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ struct LTWiFiEvent {
       uint8_t scan_id;
     } scan_done;
     struct {
-      uint8_t mac[6];
+      uint8_t mac[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];
       int rssi;
     } ap_probe_req;
   } data;
@@ -115,6 +115,8 @@ bool WiFiComponent::wifi_mode_(optional<bool> sta, optional<bool> ap) {
 
   if (enable_sta && !current_sta) {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Enabling STA");
+    // Fresh STA stack: skip the pre-attempt teardown again.
+    this->lt_first_connect_attempt_ = true;
   } else if (!enable_sta && current_sta) {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Disabling STA");
   }
@@ -202,10 +204,21 @@ bool WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_connect_(const WiFiAP &ap) {
   if (!this->wifi_mode_(true, {}))
     return false;
 
-  String ssid = WiFi.SSID();
-  if (ssid && strcmp(ssid.c_str(), ap.ssid_.c_str()) != 0) {
-    WiFi.disconnect();
+  // Tear down any live session so begin() re-fires its events; skipped on the
+  // first attempt after STA-up (nothing to tear down, and BK7231N on the older
+  // Beken SDK did not come back from it). The flag is per-attempt and armed
+  // only for a live session: an idle disconnect may emit no event, and a stale
+  // flag would swallow this attempt's first real failure.
+  this->lt_teardown_event_pending_ = false;
+  if (!this->lt_first_connect_attempt_) {
+    const bool was_live = WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED;
+    if (WiFi.disconnect()) {
+      this->lt_teardown_event_pending_ = was_live;
+    } else {
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Pre-connect teardown returned false");
+    }
   }
+  this->lt_first_connect_attempt_ = false;
 
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_MANUAL_IP
   if (!this->wifi_sta_ip_config_(ap.get_manual_ip())) {
@@ -227,7 +240,10 @@ bool WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_connect_(const WiFiAP &ap) {
                                  ap.get_channel(),  // 0 = auto
                                  ap.has_bssid() ? ap.get_bssid().data() : NULL);
   if (status != WL_CONNECTED) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "esp_wifi_connect failed: %d", status);
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "WiFi.begin failed: %d", status);
+    // Without this reset the state machine stays at CONNECTING and each retry
+    // stalls for the full connect timeout (46 s).
+    this->sta_state_ = static_cast<uint8_t>(LTWiFiSTAState::ERROR_FAILED);
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -391,7 +407,7 @@ void WiFiComponent::wifi_event_callback_(esphome_wifi_event_id_t event, esphome_
     }
     case ESPHOME_EVENT_ID_WIFI_AP_PROBEREQRECVED: {
       auto &it = info.wifi_ap_probereqrecved;
-      memcpy(to_send->data.ap_probe_req.mac, it.mac, 6);
+      memcpy(to_send->data.ap_probe_req.mac, it.mac, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE);
       to_send->data.ap_probe_req.rssi = it.rssi;
       break;
     }
@@ -455,6 +471,9 @@ void WiFiComponent::wifi_process_event_(LTWiFiEvent *event) {
       break;
     }
     case ESPHOME_EVENT_ID_WIFI_STA_CONNECTED: {
+      // Processed in queue order, so a teardown event still ahead of this
+      // CONNECTED was already consumed; a leftover flag is stale.
+      this->lt_teardown_event_pending_ = false;
       auto &it = event->data.sta_connected;
       char bssid_buf[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
       format_mac_addr_upper(it.bssid, bssid_buf);
@@ -482,6 +501,14 @@ void WiFiComponent::wifi_process_event_(LTWiFiEvent *event) {
     case ESPHOME_EVENT_ID_WIFI_STA_DISCONNECTED: {
       auto &it = event->data.sta_disconnected;
 
+      // Consume the disconnect our own teardown queued, without spending an
+      // ignore slot. Ungated on SSID and state: the flag is armed only for this
+      // attempt's teardown of a live session.
+      if (this->lt_teardown_event_pending_ && it.reason != WIFI_REASON_NO_AP_FOUND) {
+        this->lt_teardown_event_pending_ = false;
+        break;
+      }
+
       // LibreTiny can send spurious disconnect events with empty ssid/bssid during connection.
       // These are typically "Association Leave" events that don't indicate actual failures:
       //   [W][wifi_lt]: Disconnected ssid='' bssid=00:00:00:00:00:00 reason='Association Leave'
@@ -762,7 +789,6 @@ bssid_t WiFiComponent::wifi_bssid() {
   }
   return bssid;
 }
-std::string WiFiComponent::wifi_ssid() { return WiFi.SSID().c_str(); }
 const char *WiFiComponent::wifi_ssid_to(std::span<char, SSID_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer) {
 #ifdef USE_BK72XX
   LinkStatusTypeDef link_status{};
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_pico_w.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_pico_w.cpp
index 69af9e9a4e..325bcf2652 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_pico_w.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_pico_w.cpp
@@ -265,7 +265,6 @@ bssid_t WiFiComponent::wifi_bssid() {
     bssid[i] = raw_bssid[i];
   return bssid;
 }
-std::string WiFiComponent::wifi_ssid() { return WiFi.SSID().c_str(); }
 const char *WiFiComponent::wifi_ssid_to(std::span<char, SSID_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer) {
   // TODO: Find direct CYW43 API to avoid Arduino String allocation
   String ssid = WiFi.SSID();
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi_info/text_sensor.py b/esphome/components/wifi_info/text_sensor.py
index 5f72d0aa74..d14dcde46e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi_info/text_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi_info/text_sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_SSID,
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["wifi"]
 
@@ -70,14 +71,14 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def setup_conf(config, key):
+async def setup_conf(config: ConfigType, key: str) -> None:
     if key in config:
         conf = config[key]
         var = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(conf)
         await cg.register_component(var, conf)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # Request specific WiFi listeners based on which sensors are configured
     # Each sensor needs its own listener slot - call request for EACH sensor
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi_info/wifi_info_text_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi_info/wifi_info_text_sensor.cpp
index b5ebfd7390..5d4e77eaad 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi_info/wifi_info_text_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi_info/wifi_info_text_sensor.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "wifi_info_text_sensor.h"
 #ifdef USE_WIFI
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP8266
@@ -125,7 +126,7 @@ void BSSIDWiFiInfo::setup() { wifi::global_wifi_component->add_connect_state_lis
 void BSSIDWiFiInfo::dump_config() { LOG_TEXT_SENSOR("", "BSSID", this); }
 
 void BSSIDWiFiInfo::on_wifi_connect_state(StringRef ssid, std::span<const uint8_t, 6> bssid) {
-  char buf[18] = "unknown";
+  char buf[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE] = "unknown";
   if (mac_address_is_valid(bssid.data())) {
     format_mac_addr_upper(bssid.data(), buf);
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi_info/wifi_info_text_sensor.h b/esphome/components/wifi_info/wifi_info_text_sensor.h
index 7ade170c02..eecedee133 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi_info/wifi_info_text_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi_info/wifi_info_text_sensor.h
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ class PowerSaveModeWiFiInfo final : public Component,
 class MacAddressWifiInfo final : public Component, public text_sensor::TextSensor {
  public:
   void setup() override {
-    char mac_s[18];
+    char mac_s[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
     this->publish_state(get_mac_address_pretty_into_buffer(mac_s));
   }
   void dump_config() override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi_signal/sensor.py b/esphome/components/wifi_signal/sensor.py
index 075cfd96c6..41205f71ce 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi_signal/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi_signal/sensor.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_DECIBEL_MILLIWATT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["wifi"]
 wifi_signal_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("wifi_signal")
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = sensor.sensor_schema(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     wifi.request_wifi_connect_state_listener()
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/wireguard/wireguard.cpp b/esphome/components/wireguard/wireguard.cpp
index b4641894db..fc06569fba 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wireguard/wireguard.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wireguard/wireguard.cpp
@@ -146,18 +146,19 @@ void Wireguard::dump_config() {
       "  Peer Pre-shared Key: " LOG_SECRET("%s"),
       this->address_, this->netmask_, private_key_masked,
       this->peer_endpoint_, this->peer_port_, this->peer_public_key_,
-      (this->preshared_key_ != nullptr ? preshared_key_masked : "NOT IN USE"));
+      (this->preshared_key_ != nullptr ? preshared_key_masked : LOG_STR_LITERAL("NOT IN USE")));
   // clang-format on
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Peer Allowed IPs:");
   for (const AllowedIP &allowed_ip : this->allowed_ips_) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "    - %s/%s", allowed_ip.ip, allowed_ip.netmask);
   }
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Peer Persistent Keepalive: %d%s", this->keepalive_,
-                (this->keepalive_ > 0 ? "s" : " (DISABLED)"));
+                (this->keepalive_ > 0 ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("s") : LOG_STR_LITERAL(" (DISABLED)")));
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Reboot Timeout: %" PRIu32 "%s", (this->reboot_timeout_ / 1000),
-                (this->reboot_timeout_ != 0 ? "s" : " (DISABLED)"));
+                (this->reboot_timeout_ != 0 ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("s") : LOG_STR_LITERAL(" (DISABLED)")));
   // be careful: if proceed_allowed_ is true, require connection is false
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Require Connection to Proceed: %s", (this->proceed_allowed_ ? "NO" : "YES"));
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Require Connection to Proceed: %s",
+                (this->proceed_allowed_ ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("NO") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("YES")));
   LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
 }
 
@@ -178,25 +179,6 @@ time_t Wireguard::get_latest_handshake() const {
   return result;
 }
 
-void Wireguard::set_keepalive(const uint16_t seconds) { this->keepalive_ = seconds; }
-void Wireguard::set_reboot_timeout(const uint32_t seconds) { this->reboot_timeout_ = seconds; }
-void Wireguard::set_srctime(time::RealTimeClock *srctime) { this->srctime_ = srctime; }
-
-#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
-void Wireguard::set_status_sensor(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *sensor) { this->status_sensor_ = sensor; }
-void Wireguard::set_enabled_sensor(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *sensor) { this->enabled_sensor_ = sensor; }
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_SENSOR
-void Wireguard::set_handshake_sensor(sensor::Sensor *sensor) { this->handshake_sensor_ = sensor; }
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
-void Wireguard::set_address_sensor(text_sensor::TextSensor *sensor) { this->address_sensor_ = sensor; }
-#endif
-
-void Wireguard::disable_auto_proceed() { this->proceed_allowed_ = false; }
-
 void Wireguard::enable() {
   this->enabled_ = true;
   ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Enabled");
@@ -218,8 +200,6 @@ void Wireguard::publish_enabled_state() {
 #endif
 }
 
-bool Wireguard::is_enabled() { return this->enabled_; }
-
 void Wireguard::start_connection_() {
   if (!this->enabled_) {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Disabled, cannot start connection");
diff --git a/esphome/components/wireguard/wireguard.h b/esphome/components/wireguard/wireguard.h
index 1fda802415..c9c2feb7ae 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wireguard/wireguard.h
+++ b/esphome/components/wireguard/wireguard.h
@@ -63,25 +63,25 @@ class Wireguard final : public PollingComponent {
   /// Prevent accidental use of std::string which would dangle
   void set_allowed_ips(std::initializer_list<std::tuple<std::string, std::string>> ips) = delete;
 
-  void set_keepalive(uint16_t seconds);
-  void set_reboot_timeout(uint32_t seconds);
-  void set_srctime(time::RealTimeClock *srctime);
+  void set_keepalive(const uint16_t seconds) { this->keepalive_ = seconds; }
+  void set_reboot_timeout(const uint32_t seconds) { this->reboot_timeout_ = seconds; }
+  void set_srctime(time::RealTimeClock *srctime) { this->srctime_ = srctime; }
 
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
-  void set_status_sensor(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *sensor);
-  void set_enabled_sensor(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *sensor);
+  void set_status_sensor(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *sensor) { this->status_sensor_ = sensor; }
+  void set_enabled_sensor(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *sensor) { this->enabled_sensor_ = sensor; }
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
-  void set_handshake_sensor(sensor::Sensor *sensor);
+  void set_handshake_sensor(sensor::Sensor *sensor) { this->handshake_sensor_ = sensor; }
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
-  void set_address_sensor(text_sensor::TextSensor *sensor);
+  void set_address_sensor(text_sensor::TextSensor *sensor) { this->address_sensor_ = sensor; }
 #endif
 
   /// Block the setup step until peer is connected.
-  void disable_auto_proceed();
+  void disable_auto_proceed() { this->proceed_allowed_ = false; }
 
   /// Enable the WireGuard component.
   void enable();
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ class Wireguard final : public PollingComponent {
   void publish_enabled_state();
 
   /// Return if the WireGuard component is or is not enabled.
-  bool is_enabled();
+  bool is_enabled() { return this->enabled_; }
 
   bool is_peer_up() const;
   time_t get_latest_handshake() const;
diff --git a/esphome/components/wk2132_i2c/__init__.py b/esphome/components/wk2132_i2c/__init__.py
index 903fe8fe4f..ecb7a5da09 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wk2132_i2c/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wk2132_i2c/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, weikai
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@DrCoolZic"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_name(str(config[CONF_ID])))
     await weikai.register_weikai(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/wk2132_spi/__init__.py b/esphome/components/wk2132_spi/__init__.py
index debc84f6d8..94b692f170 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wk2132_spi/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wk2132_spi/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi, weikai
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@DrCoolZic"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_name(str(config[CONF_ID])))
     await weikai.register_weikai(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/wk2168_i2c/__init__.py b/esphome/components/wk2168_i2c/__init__.py
index 32fd4882db..d4aacaf97d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wk2168_i2c/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wk2168_i2c/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, weikai
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INVERTED, CONF_MODE, CONF_NUMBER
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@DrCoolZic"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -29,7 +31,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_name(str(config[CONF_ID])))
     await weikai.register_weikai(var, config)
@@ -48,7 +50,7 @@ WK2168_PIN_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(CONF_WK2168_I2C, WK2168_PIN_SCHEMA)
-async def sc16is75x_pin_to_code(config):
+async def sc16is75x_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_WK2168_I2C])
     cg.add(var.set_parent(parent))
diff --git a/esphome/components/wk2168_spi/__init__.py b/esphome/components/wk2168_spi/__init__.py
index 123ce0bb8b..b4efaf65ac 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wk2168_spi/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wk2168_spi/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi, weikai
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INVERTED, CONF_MODE, CONF_NUMBER
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@DrCoolZic"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
@@ -27,7 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_name(str(config[CONF_ID])))
     await weikai.register_weikai(var, config)
@@ -46,7 +48,7 @@ WK2168_PIN_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(CONF_WK2168_SPI, WK2168_PIN_SCHEMA)
-async def sc16is75x_pin_to_code(config):
+async def sc16is75x_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_WK2168_SPI])
     cg.add(var.set_parent(parent))
diff --git a/esphome/components/wk2204_i2c/__init__.py b/esphome/components/wk2204_i2c/__init__.py
index a52aa30cc9..1502cc6cdb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wk2204_i2c/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wk2204_i2c/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, weikai
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@DrCoolZic"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_name(str(config[CONF_ID])))
     await weikai.register_weikai(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/wk2204_spi/__init__.py b/esphome/components/wk2204_spi/__init__.py
index 616ba75c59..930f534bb0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wk2204_spi/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wk2204_spi/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi, weikai
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@DrCoolZic"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_name(str(config[CONF_ID])))
     await weikai.register_weikai(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/wk2212_i2c/__init__.py b/esphome/components/wk2212_i2c/__init__.py
index 0ef32cbc96..00018dd735 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wk2212_i2c/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wk2212_i2c/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, weikai
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INVERTED, CONF_MODE, CONF_NUMBER
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@DrCoolZic"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -29,7 +31,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_name(str(config[CONF_ID])))
     await weikai.register_weikai(var, config)
@@ -48,7 +50,7 @@ WK2212_PIN_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(CONF_WK2212_I2C, WK2212_PIN_SCHEMA)
-async def sc16is75x_pin_to_code(config):
+async def sc16is75x_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_WK2212_I2C])
     cg.add(var.set_parent(parent))
diff --git a/esphome/components/wk2212_spi/__init__.py b/esphome/components/wk2212_spi/__init__.py
index 8c9bea5416..c1a050e8ca 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wk2212_spi/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wk2212_spi/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi, weikai
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INVERTED, CONF_MODE, CONF_NUMBER
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@DrCoolZic"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
@@ -27,7 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_name(str(config[CONF_ID])))
     await weikai.register_weikai(var, config)
@@ -46,7 +48,7 @@ WK2212_PIN_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(CONF_WK2212_SPI, WK2212_PIN_SCHEMA)
-async def sc16is75x_pin_to_code(config):
+async def sc16is75x_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_WK2212_SPI])
     cg.add(var.set_parent(parent))
diff --git a/esphome/components/wl_134/text_sensor.py b/esphome/components/wl_134/text_sensor.py
index 1a10396bc6..af5e705786 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wl_134/text_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wl_134/text_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import text_sensor, uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_RESET, ICON_FINGERPRINT
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@hobbypunk90"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     cg.add(var.set_do_reset(config[CONF_RESET]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/wl_134/wl_134.cpp b/esphome/components/wl_134/wl_134.cpp
index f3eb17965d..5e86d5a441 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wl_134/wl_134.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wl_134/wl_134.cpp
@@ -76,8 +76,8 @@ Wl134Component::Rfid134Error Wl134Component::read_packet_() {
            "  isAnimal:  %s\n"
            "  Reserved0: %d\n"
            "  Reserved1: %" PRId32,
-           reading.id, reading.country, reading.isData ? "true" : "false", reading.isAnimal ? "true" : "false",
-           reading.reserved0, reading.reserved1);
+           reading.id, reading.country, reading.isData ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("true") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("false"),
+           reading.isAnimal ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("true") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("false"), reading.reserved0, reading.reserved1);
 
   char buf[20];  // "%03d" (3) + "%012" PRId64 (12) + null = 16 max
   buf_append_printf(buf, sizeof(buf), 0, "%03d%012" PRId64, reading.country, reading.id);
diff --git a/esphome/components/wled/__init__.py b/esphome/components/wled/__init__.py
index 49eb15dad6..a7135975f0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wled/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wled/__init__.py
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@ from esphome.components.light.effects import register_addressable_effect
 from esphome.components.light.types import AddressableLightEffect
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_NAME, CONF_PORT
-from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 wled_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("wled")
 WLEDLightEffect = wled_ns.class_("WLEDLightEffect", AddressableLightEffect)
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ CONF_BLANK_ON_START = "blank_on_start"
         cv.Optional(CONF_BLANK_ON_START, default=True): cv.boolean,
     },
 )
-async def wled_light_effect_to_code(config, effect_id):
+async def wled_light_effect_to_code(config: ConfigType, effect_id: ID) -> cg.MockObj:
     effect = cg.new_Pvariable(effect_id, config[CONF_NAME])
     cg.add(effect.set_port(config[CONF_PORT]))
     cg.add(effect.set_sync_group_mask(config[CONF_SYNC_GROUP_MASK]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/wts01/sensor.py b/esphome/components/wts01/sensor.py
index bf4f0262ad..84032512f6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wts01/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wts01/sensor.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_WTS01_ID = "wts01_id"
 CODEOWNERS = ["@alepee"]
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/x9c/output.py b/esphome/components/x9c/output.py
index 0cc850b856..ff3f26e2ab 100644
--- a/esphome/components/x9c/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/x9c/output.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_STEP_DELAY,
     CONF_UD_PIN,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@EtienneMD"]
 
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await output.register_output(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/xdb401/sensor.py b/esphome/components/xdb401/sensor.py
index 7545343f02..c629e46650 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xdb401/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xdb401/sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PASCAL,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/xgzp68xx/sensor.py b/esphome/components/xgzp68xx/sensor.py
index 6b83012eb4..83c20dfbd8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xgzp68xx/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xgzp68xx/sensor.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PASCAL,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@gcormier"]
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/__init__.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/__init__.py
index 541a0e7894..16da83934e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/__init__.py
@@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base"]
 
 xiaomi_ble_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_ble")
 XiaomiListener = xiaomi_ble_ns.class_(
-    "XiaomiListener", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener
+    "XiaomiListener", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(XiaomiListener),
-    }
-).extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("xiaomi_ble"),
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(XiaomiListener),
+        }
+    ).extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
+)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.cpp b/esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.cpp
index 0961df2bd6..06c3a7ab7a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.cpp
@@ -2,14 +2,21 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 #include <vector>
+
+// AES-CCM backend for encrypted-payload (bindkey) decryption:
+//   - ESP32 + ESP-IDF >= 6.0 -> PSA crypto (psa_aead_decrypt), hardware-backed.
+//   - every other platform   -> the portable software AES-CCM in ble_device_base, so
+//     decryption never depends on the SDK exposing mbedtls/PSA to application code.
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
 #include <esp_idf_version.h>
 #if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(6, 0, 0)
 #include <psa/crypto.h>
-#else
-#include "mbedtls/ccm.h"
+#define XIAOMI_CRYPTO_PSA
+#endif
+#endif
+#ifndef XIAOMI_CRYPTO_PSA
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_aes_ccm.h"
 #endif
 
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_ble {
@@ -166,7 +173,7 @@ bool parse_xiaomi_message(const std::vector<uint8_t> &message, XiaomiParseResult
   return success;
 }
 
-optional<XiaomiParseResult> parse_xiaomi_header(const esp32_ble_tracker::ServiceData &service_data) {
+optional<XiaomiParseResult> parse_xiaomi_header(const ble_device_base::ServiceData &service_data) {
   XiaomiParseResult result;
   if (!service_data.uuid.contains(0x95, 0xFE)) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_xiaomi_header(): no service data UUID magic bytes.");
@@ -286,7 +293,7 @@ bool decrypt_xiaomi_payload(std::vector<uint8_t> &raw, const uint8_t *bindkey, c
     return false;
   }
 
-  uint8_t mac_reverse[6] = {0};
+  uint8_t mac_reverse[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE] = {0};
   mac_reverse[5] = (uint8_t) (address >> 40);
   mac_reverse[4] = (uint8_t) (address >> 32);
   mac_reverse[3] = (uint8_t) (address >> 24);
@@ -318,7 +325,7 @@ bool decrypt_xiaomi_payload(std::vector<uint8_t> &raw, const uint8_t *bindkey, c
   memcpy(vector.iv + 6, v + 2, 3);               // sensor type (2) + packet id (1)
   memcpy(vector.iv + 9, v + raw.size() - 7, 3);  // payload counter
 
-#if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(6, 0, 0)
+#ifdef XIAOMI_CRYPTO_PSA
   // PSA AEAD expects ciphertext + tag concatenated
   uint8_t ct_with_tag[sizeof(vector.ciphertext) + sizeof(vector.tag)];
   memcpy(ct_with_tag, vector.ciphertext, vector.datasize);
@@ -344,24 +351,14 @@ bool decrypt_xiaomi_payload(std::vector<uint8_t> &raw, const uint8_t *bindkey, c
   psa_destroy_key(key_id);
   bool decrypt_ok = (status == PSA_SUCCESS && plaintext_length == vector.datasize);
 #else
-  mbedtls_ccm_context ctx;
-  mbedtls_ccm_init(&ctx);
-
-  int ret = mbedtls_ccm_setkey(&ctx, MBEDTLS_CIPHER_ID_AES, vector.key, vector.keysize * 8);
-  if (ret) {
-    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "decrypt_xiaomi_payload(): mbedtls_ccm_setkey() failed.");
-    mbedtls_ccm_free(&ctx);
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  ret = mbedtls_ccm_auth_decrypt(&ctx, vector.datasize, vector.iv, vector.ivsize, vector.authdata, vector.authsize,
-                                 vector.ciphertext, vector.plaintext, vector.tag, vector.tagsize);
-  mbedtls_ccm_free(&ctx);
-  bool decrypt_ok = (ret == 0);
+  // Portable software AES-CCM (ble_device_base) — no SDK mbedtls/PSA dependency.
+  bool decrypt_ok = ble_device_base::aes_ccm_auth_decrypt(vector.key, vector.iv, vector.ivsize, vector.authdata,
+                                                          vector.authsize, vector.ciphertext, vector.datasize,
+                                                          vector.plaintext, vector.tag, vector.tagsize);
 #endif
 
   if (!decrypt_ok) {
-    uint8_t mac_address[6] = {0};
+    uint8_t mac_address[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE] = {0};
     memcpy(mac_address, mac_reverse + 5, 1);
     memcpy(mac_address + 1, mac_reverse + 4, 1);
     memcpy(mac_address + 2, mac_reverse + 3, 1);
@@ -448,7 +445,7 @@ bool report_xiaomi_results(const optional<XiaomiParseResult> &result, const char
   return true;
 }
 
-bool XiaomiListener::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool XiaomiListener::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   // Previously the message was parsed twice per packet, once by XiaomiListener::parse_device()
   // and then again by the respective device class's parse_device() function. Parsing the header
   // here and then for each device seems to be unnecessary and complicates the duplicate packet filtering.
@@ -460,5 +457,3 @@ bool XiaomiListener::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device)
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_ble
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h b/esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h
index 1ebcf0e2f5..2f3a14c150 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 
 #include <vector>
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_ble {
 
 struct XiaomiParseResult {
@@ -68,15 +66,13 @@ struct XiaomiAESVector {
 
 bool parse_xiaomi_value(uint16_t value_type, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t value_length, XiaomiParseResult &result);
 bool parse_xiaomi_message(const std::vector<uint8_t> &message, XiaomiParseResult &result);
-optional<XiaomiParseResult> parse_xiaomi_header(const esp32_ble_tracker::ServiceData &service_data);
+optional<XiaomiParseResult> parse_xiaomi_header(const ble_device_base::ServiceData &service_data);
 bool decrypt_xiaomi_payload(std::vector<uint8_t> &raw, const uint8_t *bindkey, const uint64_t &address);
 bool report_xiaomi_results(const optional<XiaomiParseResult> &result, const char *address);
 
-class XiaomiListener final : public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class XiaomiListener final : public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_ble
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgd1/sensor.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgd1/sensor.py
index e11ddac19d..09337df5ca 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgd1/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgd1/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL,
@@ -16,16 +16,17 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
-AUTO_LOAD = ["xiaomi_ble"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "xiaomi_ble"]
 
 xiaomi_cgd1_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_cgd1")
 XiaomiCGD1 = xiaomi_cgd1_ns.class_(
-    "XiaomiCGD1", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "XiaomiCGD1", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("xiaomi_cgd1"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(XiaomiCGD1),
@@ -52,15 +53,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
     cg.add(var.set_bindkey(config[CONF_BINDKEY]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgd1/xiaomi_cgd1.cpp b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgd1/xiaomi_cgd1.cpp
index 948e02be46..0159314f4d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgd1/xiaomi_cgd1.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgd1/xiaomi_cgd1.cpp
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_cgd1 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "xiaomi_cgd1";
@@ -21,7 +19,7 @@ void XiaomiCGD1::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Battery Level", this->battery_level_);
 }
 
-bool XiaomiCGD1::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool XiaomiCGD1::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -65,5 +63,3 @@ bool XiaomiCGD1::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
 void XiaomiCGD1::set_bindkey(const char *bindkey) { parse_hex(bindkey, this->bindkey_, sizeof(this->bindkey_)); }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_cgd1
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgd1/xiaomi_cgd1.h b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgd1/xiaomi_cgd1.h
index 1c510c7eb4..afa88738f0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgd1/xiaomi_cgd1.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgd1/xiaomi_cgd1.h
@@ -2,19 +2,17 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_cgd1 {
 
-class XiaomiCGD1 : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class XiaomiCGD1 : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; };
   void set_bindkey(const char *bindkey);
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_temperature(sensor::Sensor *temperature) { temperature_ = temperature; }
   void set_humidity(sensor::Sensor *humidity) { humidity_ = humidity; }
@@ -29,5 +27,3 @@ class XiaomiCGD1 : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListen
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_cgd1
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/sensor.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/sensor.py
index c7ec13f6e0..83de32f411 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL,
@@ -16,19 +16,20 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
-AUTO_LOAD = ["xiaomi_ble"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "xiaomi_ble"]
 
-xiaomi_cgd1_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_cgdk2")
-XiaomiCGD1 = xiaomi_cgd1_ns.class_(
-    "XiaomiCGDK2", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+xiaomi_cgdk2_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_cgdk2")
+XiaomiCGDK2 = xiaomi_cgdk2_ns.class_(
+    "XiaomiCGDK2", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("xiaomi_cgdk2"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
-            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(XiaomiCGD1),
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(XiaomiCGDK2),
             cv.Required(CONF_BINDKEY): cv.bind_key,
             cv.Required(CONF_MAC_ADDRESS): cv.mac_address,
             cv.Optional(CONF_TEMPERATURE): sensor.sensor_schema(
@@ -52,15 +53,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
     cg.add(var.set_bindkey(config[CONF_BINDKEY]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/xiaomi_cgdk2.cpp b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/xiaomi_cgdk2.cpp
index ff9036db14..01912c3778 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/xiaomi_cgdk2.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/xiaomi_cgdk2.cpp
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_cgdk2 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "xiaomi_cgdk2";
@@ -21,7 +19,7 @@ void XiaomiCGDK2::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Battery Level", this->battery_level_);
 }
 
-bool XiaomiCGDK2::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool XiaomiCGDK2::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -65,5 +63,3 @@ bool XiaomiCGDK2::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
 void XiaomiCGDK2::set_bindkey(const char *bindkey) { parse_hex(bindkey, this->bindkey_, sizeof(this->bindkey_)); }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_cgdk2
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/xiaomi_cgdk2.h b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/xiaomi_cgdk2.h
index 36068ae227..a27d41cea5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/xiaomi_cgdk2.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/xiaomi_cgdk2.h
@@ -2,19 +2,17 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_cgdk2 {
 
-class XiaomiCGDK2 final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class XiaomiCGDK2 final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; };
   void set_bindkey(const char *bindkey);
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_temperature(sensor::Sensor *temperature) { temperature_ = temperature; }
   void set_humidity(sensor::Sensor *humidity) { humidity_ = humidity; }
@@ -29,5 +27,3 @@ class XiaomiCGDK2 final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevic
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_cgdk2
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgg1/sensor.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgg1/sensor.py
index 1a6ed2b7da..3f0df9eafe 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgg1/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgg1/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL,
@@ -16,16 +16,17 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
-AUTO_LOAD = ["xiaomi_ble"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "xiaomi_ble"]
 
 xiaomi_cgg1_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_cgg1")
 XiaomiCGG1 = xiaomi_cgg1_ns.class_(
-    "XiaomiCGG1", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "XiaomiCGG1", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("xiaomi_cgg1"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(XiaomiCGG1),
@@ -52,15 +53,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
     if CONF_BINDKEY in config:
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgg1/xiaomi_cgg1.cpp b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgg1/xiaomi_cgg1.cpp
index ef4ef46424..679cb76198 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgg1/xiaomi_cgg1.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgg1/xiaomi_cgg1.cpp
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_cgg1 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "xiaomi_cgg1";
@@ -21,7 +19,7 @@ void XiaomiCGG1::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Battery Level", this->battery_level_);
 }
 
-bool XiaomiCGG1::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool XiaomiCGG1::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -65,5 +63,3 @@ bool XiaomiCGG1::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
 void XiaomiCGG1::set_bindkey(const char *bindkey) { parse_hex(bindkey, this->bindkey_, sizeof(this->bindkey_)); }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_cgg1
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgg1/xiaomi_cgg1.h b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgg1/xiaomi_cgg1.h
index 7633458cb8..ef666ab6d2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgg1/xiaomi_cgg1.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgg1/xiaomi_cgg1.h
@@ -2,19 +2,17 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_cgg1 {
 
-class XiaomiCGG1 final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class XiaomiCGG1 final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; }
   void set_bindkey(const char *bindkey);
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
 
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_temperature(sensor::Sensor *temperature) { temperature_ = temperature; }
@@ -30,5 +28,3 @@ class XiaomiCGG1 final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_cgg1
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/binary_sensor.py
index 0606c93dbe..219432c1fc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/binary_sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import binary_sensor, esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import binary_sensor, ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL,
@@ -17,19 +17,20 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_MINUTE,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
-AUTO_LOAD = ["xiaomi_ble", "sensor"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "xiaomi_ble", "sensor"]
 
 xiaomi_cgpr1_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_cgpr1")
 XiaomiCGPR1 = xiaomi_cgpr1_ns.class_(
     "XiaomiCGPR1",
     binary_sensor.BinarySensor,
     cg.Component,
-    esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener,
+    ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener,
 )
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("xiaomi_cgpr1"),
     binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(XiaomiCGPR1, device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_MOTION)
     .extend(
         {
@@ -57,15 +58,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
     cg.add(var.set_bindkey(config[CONF_BINDKEY]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/xiaomi_cgpr1.cpp b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/xiaomi_cgpr1.cpp
index 3203f358b9..019de54ad8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/xiaomi_cgpr1.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/xiaomi_cgpr1.cpp
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_cgpr1 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "xiaomi_cgpr1";
@@ -16,7 +14,7 @@ void XiaomiCGPR1::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Illuminance", this->illuminance_);
 }
 
-bool XiaomiCGPR1::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool XiaomiCGPR1::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -62,5 +60,3 @@ bool XiaomiCGPR1::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
 void XiaomiCGPR1::set_bindkey(const char *bindkey) { parse_hex(bindkey, this->bindkey_, sizeof(this->bindkey_)); }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_cgpr1
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/xiaomi_cgpr1.h b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/xiaomi_cgpr1.h
index 0fa6c76e54..9e1d1c4482 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/xiaomi_cgpr1.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/xiaomi_cgpr1.h
@@ -3,21 +3,19 @@
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_cgpr1 {
 
 class XiaomiCGPR1 final : public Component,
                           public binary_sensor::BinarySensorInitiallyOff,
-                          public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+                          public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; }
   void set_bindkey(const char *bindkey);
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
 
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_battery_level(sensor::Sensor *battery_level) { battery_level_ = battery_level; }
@@ -33,5 +31,3 @@ class XiaomiCGPR1 final : public Component,
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_cgpr1
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_gcls002/sensor.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_gcls002/sensor.py
index 6c9ad2e361..63ba5da597 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_gcls002/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_gcls002/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_CONDUCTIVITY,
@@ -18,16 +18,17 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_MICROSIEMENS_PER_CENTIMETER,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
-AUTO_LOAD = ["xiaomi_ble"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "xiaomi_ble"]
 
 xiaomi_gcls002_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_gcls002")
 XiaomiGCLS002 = xiaomi_gcls002_ns.class_(
-    "XiaomiGCLS002", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "XiaomiGCLS002", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("xiaomi_gcls002"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(XiaomiGCLS002),
@@ -58,15 +59,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_gcls002/xiaomi_gcls002.cpp b/esphome/components/xiaomi_gcls002/xiaomi_gcls002.cpp
index 11ea98045b..27effd64bb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_gcls002/xiaomi_gcls002.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_gcls002/xiaomi_gcls002.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #include "xiaomi_gcls002.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_gcls002 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "xiaomi_gcls002";
@@ -15,7 +13,7 @@ void XiaomiGCLS002::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Illuminance", this->illuminance_);
 }
 
-bool XiaomiGCLS002::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool XiaomiGCLS002::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -58,5 +56,3 @@ bool XiaomiGCLS002::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_gcls002
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_gcls002/xiaomi_gcls002.h b/esphome/components/xiaomi_gcls002/xiaomi_gcls002.h
index 668133f364..969218c220 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_gcls002/xiaomi_gcls002.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_gcls002/xiaomi_gcls002.h
@@ -2,18 +2,16 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_gcls002 {
 
-class XiaomiGCLS002 final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class XiaomiGCLS002 final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; }
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
 
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_temperature(sensor::Sensor *temperature) { temperature_ = temperature; }
@@ -30,5 +28,3 @@ class XiaomiGCLS002 final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDev
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_gcls002
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/sensor.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/sensor.py
index 90a8753412..13e8e509c3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL,
@@ -21,16 +21,17 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_MICROSIEMENS_PER_CENTIMETER,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
-AUTO_LOAD = ["xiaomi_ble"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "xiaomi_ble"]
 
 xiaomi_hhccjcy01_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_hhccjcy01")
 XiaomiHHCCJCY01 = xiaomi_hhccjcy01_ns.class_(
-    "XiaomiHHCCJCY01", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "XiaomiHHCCJCY01", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("xiaomi_hhccjcy01"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(XiaomiHHCCJCY01),
@@ -68,15 +69,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/xiaomi_hhccjcy01.cpp b/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/xiaomi_hhccjcy01.cpp
index 1d872c68c1..5e2369a6d9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/xiaomi_hhccjcy01.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/xiaomi_hhccjcy01.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #include "xiaomi_hhccjcy01.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_hhccjcy01 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "xiaomi_hhccjcy01";
@@ -16,7 +14,7 @@ void XiaomiHHCCJCY01::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Battery Level", this->battery_level_);
 }
 
-bool XiaomiHHCCJCY01::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool XiaomiHHCCJCY01::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -61,5 +59,3 @@ bool XiaomiHHCCJCY01::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device)
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_hhccjcy01
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/xiaomi_hhccjcy01.h b/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/xiaomi_hhccjcy01.h
index cb53b47f6f..ce573b73c1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/xiaomi_hhccjcy01.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/xiaomi_hhccjcy01.h
@@ -2,18 +2,16 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_hhccjcy01 {
 
-class XiaomiHHCCJCY01 final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class XiaomiHHCCJCY01 final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; }
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
 
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_temperature(sensor::Sensor *temperature) { temperature_ = temperature; }
@@ -32,5 +30,3 @@ class XiaomiHHCCJCY01 final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTD
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_hhccjcy01
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/sensor.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/sensor.py
index d6a4a4adb2..d1ce8dfcf7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL,
@@ -21,15 +21,17 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_MICROSIEMENS_PER_CENTIMETER,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base"]
 
 xiaomi_hhccjcy10_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_hhccjcy10")
 XiaomiHHCCJCY10 = xiaomi_hhccjcy10_ns.class_(
-    "XiaomiHHCCJCY10", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "XiaomiHHCCJCY10", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("xiaomi_hhccjcy10"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(XiaomiHHCCJCY10),
@@ -67,15 +69,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/xiaomi_hhccjcy10.cpp b/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/xiaomi_hhccjcy10.cpp
index c6ebd5ff74..680eb04e77 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/xiaomi_hhccjcy10.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/xiaomi_hhccjcy10.cpp
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_hhccjcy10 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "xiaomi_hhccjcy10";
@@ -17,7 +15,7 @@ void XiaomiHHCCJCY10::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Battery Level", this->battery_level_);
 }
 
-bool XiaomiHHCCJCY10::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool XiaomiHHCCJCY10::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -63,5 +61,3 @@ bool XiaomiHHCCJCY10::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device)
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_hhccjcy10
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/xiaomi_hhccjcy10.h b/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/xiaomi_hhccjcy10.h
index fa2f461534..ce6dc2081e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/xiaomi_hhccjcy10.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/xiaomi_hhccjcy10.h
@@ -2,17 +2,15 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
-
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_hhccjcy10 {
 
-class XiaomiHHCCJCY10 final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class XiaomiHHCCJCY10 final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { this->address_ = address; }
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
 
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_temperature(sensor::Sensor *temperature) { this->temperature_ = temperature; }
@@ -31,5 +29,3 @@ class XiaomiHHCCJCY10 final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTD
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_hhccjcy10
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/sensor.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/sensor.py
index adc64f6650..061753c44c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_CONDUCTIVITY,
@@ -12,16 +12,17 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_MICROSIEMENS_PER_CENTIMETER,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
-AUTO_LOAD = ["xiaomi_ble"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "xiaomi_ble"]
 
 xiaomi_hhccpot002_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_hhccpot002")
 XiaomiHHCCPOT002 = xiaomi_hhccpot002_ns.class_(
-    "XiaomiHHCCPOT002", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "XiaomiHHCCPOT002", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("xiaomi_hhccpot002"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(XiaomiHHCCPOT002),
@@ -40,15 +41,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/xiaomi_hhccpot002.cpp b/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/xiaomi_hhccpot002.cpp
index bbca9faaa6..fc8d15228d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/xiaomi_hhccpot002.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/xiaomi_hhccpot002.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #include "xiaomi_hhccpot002.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_hhccpot002 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "xiaomi_hhccpot002";
@@ -13,7 +11,7 @@ void XiaomiHHCCPOT002 ::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Conductivity", this->conductivity_);
 }
 
-bool XiaomiHHCCPOT002::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool XiaomiHHCCPOT002::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -52,5 +50,3 @@ bool XiaomiHHCCPOT002::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_hhccpot002
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/xiaomi_hhccpot002.h b/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/xiaomi_hhccpot002.h
index 3eda1b9859..e472178baa 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/xiaomi_hhccpot002.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/xiaomi_hhccpot002.h
@@ -2,18 +2,16 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_hhccpot002 {
 
-class XiaomiHHCCPOT002 final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class XiaomiHHCCPOT002 final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; }
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
 
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_moisture(sensor::Sensor *moisture) { moisture_ = moisture; }
@@ -26,5 +24,3 @@ class XiaomiHHCCPOT002 final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBT
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_hhccpot002
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/sensor.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/sensor.py
index 5890ed6b63..b791c40dca 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL,
@@ -18,16 +18,17 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_MILLIGRAMS_PER_CUBIC_METER,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
-AUTO_LOAD = ["xiaomi_ble"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "xiaomi_ble"]
 
 xiaomi_jqjcy01ym_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_jqjcy01ym")
 XiaomiJQJCY01YM = xiaomi_jqjcy01ym_ns.class_(
-    "XiaomiJQJCY01YM", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "XiaomiJQJCY01YM", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("xiaomi_jqjcy01ym"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(XiaomiJQJCY01YM),
@@ -59,15 +60,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym.cpp b/esphome/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym.cpp
index c0f4de3d06..f7a1318d7c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #include "xiaomi_jqjcy01ym.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_jqjcy01ym {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "xiaomi_jqjcy01ym";
@@ -15,7 +13,7 @@ void XiaomiJQJCY01YM::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Battery Level", this->battery_level_);
 }
 
-bool XiaomiJQJCY01YM::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool XiaomiJQJCY01YM::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -58,5 +56,3 @@ bool XiaomiJQJCY01YM::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device)
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_jqjcy01ym
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym.h b/esphome/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym.h
index 122c6776c9..955ee41880 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym.h
@@ -2,18 +2,16 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_jqjcy01ym {
 
-class XiaomiJQJCY01YM final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class XiaomiJQJCY01YM final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; }
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
 
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_temperature(sensor::Sensor *temperature) { temperature_ = temperature; }
@@ -30,5 +28,3 @@ class XiaomiJQJCY01YM final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTD
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_jqjcy01ym
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/sensor.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/sensor.py
index ef6aebe6c0..f79b81dce2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL,
@@ -15,16 +15,17 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
-AUTO_LOAD = ["xiaomi_ble"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "xiaomi_ble"]
 
 xiaomi_lywsd02_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_lywsd02")
 XiaomiLYWSD02 = xiaomi_lywsd02_ns.class_(
-    "XiaomiLYWSD02", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "XiaomiLYWSD02", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("xiaomi_lywsd02"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(XiaomiLYWSD02),
@@ -50,15 +51,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/xiaomi_lywsd02.cpp b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/xiaomi_lywsd02.cpp
index 75909738c8..d465f2fec0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/xiaomi_lywsd02.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/xiaomi_lywsd02.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #include "xiaomi_lywsd02.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_lywsd02 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "xiaomi_lywsd02";
@@ -14,7 +12,7 @@ void XiaomiLYWSD02::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Battery Level", this->battery_level_);
 }
 
-bool XiaomiLYWSD02::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool XiaomiLYWSD02::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -55,5 +53,3 @@ bool XiaomiLYWSD02::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_lywsd02
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/xiaomi_lywsd02.h b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/xiaomi_lywsd02.h
index 09256047ae..0c1035bf1d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/xiaomi_lywsd02.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/xiaomi_lywsd02.h
@@ -2,18 +2,16 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_lywsd02 {
 
-class XiaomiLYWSD02 final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class XiaomiLYWSD02 final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; }
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
 
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_temperature(sensor::Sensor *temperature) { temperature_ = temperature; }
@@ -28,5 +26,3 @@ class XiaomiLYWSD02 final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDev
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_lywsd02
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/sensor.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/sensor.py
index 813429a6c5..05e0204def 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL,
@@ -16,17 +16,18 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-AUTO_LOAD = ["xiaomi_ble"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "xiaomi_ble"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@juanluss31"]
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
 
 xiaomi_lywsd02mmc_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_lywsd02mmc")
 XiaomiLYWSD02MMC = xiaomi_lywsd02mmc_ns.class_(
-    "XiaomiLYWSD02MMC", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "XiaomiLYWSD02MMC", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("xiaomi_lywsd02mmc"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(XiaomiLYWSD02MMC),
@@ -53,15 +54,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
     cg.add(var.set_bindkey(config[CONF_BINDKEY]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc.cpp b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc.cpp
index 79610ee266..dca5f73909 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc.cpp
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_lywsd02mmc {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "xiaomi_lywsd02mmc";
@@ -21,7 +19,7 @@ void XiaomiLYWSD02MMC::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Battery Level", this->battery_level_);
 }
 
-bool XiaomiLYWSD02MMC::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool XiaomiLYWSD02MMC::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -65,5 +63,3 @@ bool XiaomiLYWSD02MMC::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device
 void XiaomiLYWSD02MMC::set_bindkey(const char *bindkey) { parse_hex(bindkey, this->bindkey_, sizeof(this->bindkey_)); }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_lywsd02mmc
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc.h b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc.h
index efd758b972..e00afffe0a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc.h
@@ -2,19 +2,17 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_lywsd02mmc {
 
-class XiaomiLYWSD02MMC final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class XiaomiLYWSD02MMC final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { this->address_ = address; }
   void set_bindkey(const char *bindkey);
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
 
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_temperature(sensor::Sensor *temperature) { this->temperature_ = temperature; }
@@ -30,5 +28,3 @@ class XiaomiLYWSD02MMC final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBT
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_lywsd02mmc
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/sensor.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/sensor.py
index bf2de3756c..f4e24a97d0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL,
@@ -16,18 +16,19 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@ahpohl"]
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
-AUTO_LOAD = ["xiaomi_ble"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "xiaomi_ble"]
 
 xiaomi_lywsd03mmc_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_lywsd03mmc")
 XiaomiLYWSD03MMC = xiaomi_lywsd03mmc_ns.class_(
-    "XiaomiLYWSD03MMC", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "XiaomiLYWSD03MMC", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("xiaomi_lywsd03mmc"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(XiaomiLYWSD03MMC),
@@ -54,15 +55,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
     cg.add(var.set_bindkey(config[CONF_BINDKEY]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc.cpp b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc.cpp
index 7aa4809e24..356a4ffd4e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc.cpp
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_lywsd03mmc {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "xiaomi_lywsd03mmc";
@@ -21,7 +19,7 @@ void XiaomiLYWSD03MMC::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Battery Level", this->battery_level_);
 }
 
-bool XiaomiLYWSD03MMC::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool XiaomiLYWSD03MMC::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -69,5 +67,3 @@ bool XiaomiLYWSD03MMC::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device
 void XiaomiLYWSD03MMC::set_bindkey(const char *bindkey) { parse_hex(bindkey, this->bindkey_, sizeof(this->bindkey_)); }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_lywsd03mmc
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc.h b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc.h
index ecdbd412cb..a4f6e53215 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc.h
@@ -2,19 +2,17 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_lywsd03mmc {
 
-class XiaomiLYWSD03MMC final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class XiaomiLYWSD03MMC final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; };
   void set_bindkey(const char *bindkey);
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_temperature(sensor::Sensor *temperature) { temperature_ = temperature; }
   void set_humidity(sensor::Sensor *humidity) { humidity_ = humidity; }
@@ -29,5 +27,3 @@ class XiaomiLYWSD03MMC final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBT
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_lywsd03mmc
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/sensor.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/sensor.py
index 5d964ea22a..8f0b93a22e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL,
@@ -15,16 +15,17 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
-AUTO_LOAD = ["xiaomi_ble"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "xiaomi_ble"]
 
 xiaomi_lywsdcgq_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_lywsdcgq")
 XiaomiLYWSDCGQ = xiaomi_lywsdcgq_ns.class_(
-    "XiaomiLYWSDCGQ", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "XiaomiLYWSDCGQ", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("xiaomi_lywsdcgq"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(XiaomiLYWSDCGQ),
@@ -50,15 +51,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/xiaomi_lywsdcgq.cpp b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/xiaomi_lywsdcgq.cpp
index 56efaaef51..1ddf7ec235 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/xiaomi_lywsdcgq.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/xiaomi_lywsdcgq.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #include "xiaomi_lywsdcgq.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_lywsdcgq {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "xiaomi_lywsdcgq";
@@ -14,7 +12,7 @@ void XiaomiLYWSDCGQ::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Battery Level", this->battery_level_);
 }
 
-bool XiaomiLYWSDCGQ::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool XiaomiLYWSDCGQ::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -55,5 +53,3 @@ bool XiaomiLYWSDCGQ::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device)
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_lywsdcgq
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/xiaomi_lywsdcgq.h b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/xiaomi_lywsdcgq.h
index 86afef4571..5cecc2f78a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/xiaomi_lywsdcgq.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/xiaomi_lywsdcgq.h
@@ -2,18 +2,16 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_lywsdcgq {
 
-class XiaomiLYWSDCGQ final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class XiaomiLYWSDCGQ final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; }
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
 
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_temperature(sensor::Sensor *temperature) { temperature_ = temperature; }
@@ -28,5 +26,3 @@ class XiaomiLYWSDCGQ final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDe
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_lywsdcgq
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/sensor.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/sensor.py
index 86c4d6699f..9ce544fc59 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL,
@@ -15,16 +15,17 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
-AUTO_LOAD = ["xiaomi_ble"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "xiaomi_ble"]
 
 xiaomi_mhoc303_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_mhoc303")
 XiaomiMHOC303 = xiaomi_mhoc303_ns.class_(
-    "XiaomiMHOC303", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "XiaomiMHOC303", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("xiaomi_mhoc303"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(XiaomiMHOC303),
@@ -50,15 +51,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/xiaomi_mhoc303.cpp b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/xiaomi_mhoc303.cpp
index 74626ed0a5..9706e50861 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/xiaomi_mhoc303.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/xiaomi_mhoc303.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #include "xiaomi_mhoc303.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_mhoc303 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "xiaomi_mhoc303";
@@ -14,7 +12,7 @@ void XiaomiMHOC303::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Battery Level", this->battery_level_);
 }
 
-bool XiaomiMHOC303::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool XiaomiMHOC303::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -55,5 +53,3 @@ bool XiaomiMHOC303::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_mhoc303
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/xiaomi_mhoc303.h b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/xiaomi_mhoc303.h
index 042a5034f1..a15b58f8ed 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/xiaomi_mhoc303.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/xiaomi_mhoc303.h
@@ -2,18 +2,16 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_mhoc303 {
 
-class XiaomiMHOC303 final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class XiaomiMHOC303 final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; }
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
 
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_temperature(sensor::Sensor *temperature) { temperature_ = temperature; }
@@ -28,5 +26,3 @@ class XiaomiMHOC303 final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDev
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_mhoc303
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/sensor.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/sensor.py
index 7161e88da5..52cae36fcd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL,
@@ -16,17 +16,18 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@vevsvevs"]
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
-AUTO_LOAD = ["xiaomi_ble"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "xiaomi_ble"]
 
 xiaomi_mhoc401_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_mhoc401")
 XiaomiMHOC401 = xiaomi_mhoc401_ns.class_(
-    "XiaomiMHOC401", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "XiaomiMHOC401", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("xiaomi_mhoc401"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(XiaomiMHOC401),
@@ -53,15 +54,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
     cg.add(var.set_bindkey(config[CONF_BINDKEY]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/xiaomi_mhoc401.cpp b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/xiaomi_mhoc401.cpp
index 958ac59bde..d725978418 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/xiaomi_mhoc401.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/xiaomi_mhoc401.cpp
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_mhoc401 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "xiaomi_mhoc401";
@@ -21,7 +19,7 @@ void XiaomiMHOC401::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Battery Level", this->battery_level_);
 }
 
-bool XiaomiMHOC401::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool XiaomiMHOC401::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -69,5 +67,3 @@ bool XiaomiMHOC401::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
 void XiaomiMHOC401::set_bindkey(const char *bindkey) { parse_hex(bindkey, this->bindkey_, sizeof(this->bindkey_)); }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_mhoc401
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/xiaomi_mhoc401.h b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/xiaomi_mhoc401.h
index 3570f70a16..3978e557f0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/xiaomi_mhoc401.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/xiaomi_mhoc401.h
@@ -2,19 +2,17 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_mhoc401 {
 
-class XiaomiMHOC401 final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class XiaomiMHOC401 final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; };
   void set_bindkey(const char *bindkey);
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_temperature(sensor::Sensor *temperature) { temperature_ = temperature; }
   void set_humidity(sensor::Sensor *humidity) { humidity_ = humidity; }
@@ -29,5 +27,3 @@ class XiaomiMHOC401 final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDev
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_mhoc401
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_miscale/sensor.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_miscale/sensor.py
index 14e5c1d376..fa4296d7a9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_miscale/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_miscale/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_CLEAR_IMPEDANCE,
@@ -14,15 +14,17 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_KILOGRAM,
     UNIT_OHM,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base"]
 
 xiaomi_miscale_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_miscale")
 XiaomiMiscale = xiaomi_miscale_ns.class_(
-    "XiaomiMiscale", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "XiaomiMiscale", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("xiaomi_miscale"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(XiaomiMiscale),
@@ -43,15 +45,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
     cg.add(var.set_clear_impedance(config[CONF_CLEAR_IMPEDANCE]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_miscale/xiaomi_miscale.cpp b/esphome/components/xiaomi_miscale/xiaomi_miscale.cpp
index 2b1492129c..482c0ed395 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_miscale/xiaomi_miscale.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_miscale/xiaomi_miscale.cpp
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 #include "xiaomi_miscale.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_uuid.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_miscale {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "xiaomi_miscale";
@@ -14,7 +12,7 @@ void XiaomiMiscale::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Impedance", this->impedance_);
 }
 
-bool XiaomiMiscale::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool XiaomiMiscale::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -56,14 +54,14 @@ bool XiaomiMiscale::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   return success;
 }
 
-optional<ParseResult> XiaomiMiscale::parse_header_(const esp32_ble_tracker::ServiceData &service_data) {
+optional<ParseResult> XiaomiMiscale::parse_header_(const ble_device_base::ServiceData &service_data) {
   ParseResult result;
-  if (service_data.uuid == esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(0x181D) && service_data.data.size() == 10) {
+  if (service_data.uuid == ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(0x181D) && service_data.data.size() == 10) {
     result.version = 1;
-  } else if (service_data.uuid == esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(0x181B) && service_data.data.size() == 13) {
+  } else if (service_data.uuid == ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(0x181B) && service_data.data.size() == 13) {
     result.version = 2;
   } else {
-    char uuid_buf[esp32_ble::UUID_STR_LEN];
+    char uuid_buf[ble_device_base::UUID_STR_LEN];
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG,
               "parse_header(): Couldn't identify scale version or data size was not correct. UUID: %s, data_size: %d",
               service_data.uuid.to_str(uuid_buf), service_data.data.size());
@@ -167,5 +165,3 @@ bool XiaomiMiscale::report_results_(const optional<ParseResult> &result, const c
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_miscale
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_miscale/xiaomi_miscale.h b/esphome/components/xiaomi_miscale/xiaomi_miscale.h
index 3213f5d6de..64cc2ff567 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_miscale/xiaomi_miscale.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_miscale/xiaomi_miscale.h
@@ -2,12 +2,10 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 
 #include <vector>
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_miscale {
 
 struct ParseResult {
@@ -16,11 +14,11 @@ struct ParseResult {
   optional<float> impedance;
 };
 
-class XiaomiMiscale final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class XiaomiMiscale final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; };
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_weight(sensor::Sensor *weight) { weight_ = weight; }
   void set_impedance(sensor::Sensor *impedance) { impedance_ = impedance; }
@@ -32,7 +30,7 @@ class XiaomiMiscale final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDev
   sensor::Sensor *impedance_{nullptr};
   bool clear_impedance_{false};
 
-  optional<ParseResult> parse_header_(const esp32_ble_tracker::ServiceData &service_data);
+  optional<ParseResult> parse_header_(const ble_device_base::ServiceData &service_data);
   bool parse_message_(const std::vector<uint8_t> &message, ParseResult &result);
   bool parse_message_v1_(const std::vector<uint8_t> &message, ParseResult &result);
   bool parse_message_v2_(const std::vector<uint8_t> &message, ParseResult &result);
@@ -40,5 +38,3 @@ class XiaomiMiscale final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDev
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_miscale
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/binary_sensor.py
index 312abc82cb..5d562a2ca9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/binary_sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import binary_sensor, esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import binary_sensor, ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL,
@@ -19,19 +19,20 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_MINUTE,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
-AUTO_LOAD = ["xiaomi_ble", "sensor"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "xiaomi_ble", "sensor"]
 
 xiaomi_mjyd02yla_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_mjyd02yla")
 XiaomiMJYD02YLA = xiaomi_mjyd02yla_ns.class_(
     "XiaomiMJYD02YLA",
     binary_sensor.BinarySensor,
     cg.Component,
-    esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener,
+    ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener,
 )
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("xiaomi_mjyd02yla"),
     binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(
         XiaomiMJYD02YLA, device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_MOTION
     )
@@ -63,15 +64,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
     cg.add(var.set_bindkey(config[CONF_BINDKEY]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/xiaomi_mjyd02yla.cpp b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/xiaomi_mjyd02yla.cpp
index a7b2554aad..233f5f5783 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/xiaomi_mjyd02yla.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/xiaomi_mjyd02yla.cpp
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_mjyd02yla {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "xiaomi_mjyd02yla";
@@ -17,7 +15,7 @@ void XiaomiMJYD02YLA::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Illuminance", this->illuminance_);
 }
 
-bool XiaomiMJYD02YLA::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool XiaomiMJYD02YLA::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -65,5 +63,3 @@ bool XiaomiMJYD02YLA::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device)
 void XiaomiMJYD02YLA::set_bindkey(const char *bindkey) { parse_hex(bindkey, this->bindkey_, sizeof(this->bindkey_)); }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_mjyd02yla
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/xiaomi_mjyd02yla.h b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/xiaomi_mjyd02yla.h
index da02dee003..ba2fe1b62c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/xiaomi_mjyd02yla.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/xiaomi_mjyd02yla.h
@@ -3,21 +3,19 @@
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_mjyd02yla {
 
 class XiaomiMJYD02YLA final : public Component,
                               public binary_sensor::BinarySensorInitiallyOff,
-                              public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+                              public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; }
   void set_bindkey(const char *bindkey);
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
 
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_idle_time(sensor::Sensor *idle_time) { idle_time_ = idle_time; }
@@ -35,5 +33,3 @@ class XiaomiMJYD02YLA final : public Component,
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_mjyd02yla
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/binary_sensor.py
index c5d93384c9..34678eeac7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/binary_sensor.py
@@ -1,21 +1,22 @@
 from esphome import core
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import binary_sensor, esp32_ble_tracker
+from esphome.components import binary_sensor, ble_device_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_MAC_ADDRESS, CONF_TIMEOUT, DEVICE_CLASS_MOTION
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
-AUTO_LOAD = ["xiaomi_ble"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "xiaomi_ble"]
 
 xiaomi_mue4094rt_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_mue4094rt")
 XiaomiMUE4094RT = xiaomi_mue4094rt_ns.class_(
     "XiaomiMUE4094RT",
     binary_sensor.BinarySensor,
     cg.Component,
-    esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener,
+    ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener,
 )
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("xiaomi_mue4094rt"),
     binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(
         XiaomiMUE4094RT, device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_MOTION
     )
@@ -28,15 +29,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
     cg.add(var.set_time(config[CONF_TIMEOUT]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/xiaomi_mue4094rt.cpp b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/xiaomi_mue4094rt.cpp
index 259e0159c5..eca83c0912 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/xiaomi_mue4094rt.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/xiaomi_mue4094rt.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #include "xiaomi_mue4094rt.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_mue4094rt {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "xiaomi_mue4094rt";
@@ -12,7 +10,7 @@ void XiaomiMUE4094RT::dump_config() {
   LOG_BINARY_SENSOR("  ", "Motion", this);
 }
 
-bool XiaomiMUE4094RT::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool XiaomiMUE4094RT::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -51,5 +49,3 @@ bool XiaomiMUE4094RT::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device)
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_mue4094rt
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/xiaomi_mue4094rt.h b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/xiaomi_mue4094rt.h
index 4751e35e65..1ca40bf8ca 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/xiaomi_mue4094rt.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/xiaomi_mue4094rt.h
@@ -2,20 +2,18 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_mue4094rt {
 
 class XiaomiMUE4094RT final : public Component,
                               public binary_sensor::BinarySensorInitiallyOff,
-                              public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+                              public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; }
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
 
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_time(uint16_t timeout) { timeout_ = timeout; }
@@ -26,5 +24,3 @@ class XiaomiMUE4094RT final : public Component,
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_mue4094rt
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/__init__.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/__init__.py
index df143bac22..7b289a8ee3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/__init__.py
@@ -1,19 +1,20 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_BINDKEY, CONF_ID, CONF_MAC_ADDRESS
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-AUTO_LOAD = ["xiaomi_ble"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "xiaomi_ble"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
 MULTI_CONF = True
 
 xiaomi_rtcgq02lm_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_rtcgq02lm")
 XiaomiRTCGQ02LM = xiaomi_rtcgq02lm_ns.class_(
-    "XiaomiRTCGQ02LM", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "XiaomiRTCGQ02LM", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("xiaomi_rtcgq02lm"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(XiaomiRTCGQ02LM),
@@ -21,15 +22,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             cv.Required(CONF_MAC_ADDRESS): cv.mac_address,
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
     cg.add(var.set_bindkey(config[CONF_BINDKEY]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/binary_sensor.py
index 8d0508b59b..57420125cb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/binary_sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     DEVICE_CLASS_MOTION,
 )
 from esphome.core import TimePeriod
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import XiaomiRTCGQ02LM
 
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
 
     if CONF_MOTION in config:
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/sensor.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/sensor.py
index e49f1c960b..e0e4b4640b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/sensor.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import XiaomiRTCGQ02LM
 
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
 
     if CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL in config:
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm.cpp b/esphome/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm.cpp
index b42a5a3700..f349dfa797 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm.cpp
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_rtcgq02lm {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "xiaomi_rtcgq02lm";
@@ -24,7 +22,7 @@ void XiaomiRTCGQ02LM::dump_config() {
 #endif
 }
 
-bool XiaomiRTCGQ02LM::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool XiaomiRTCGQ02LM::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -79,5 +77,3 @@ bool XiaomiRTCGQ02LM::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device)
 void XiaomiRTCGQ02LM::set_bindkey(const char *bindkey) { parse_hex(bindkey, this->bindkey_, sizeof(this->bindkey_)); }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_rtcgq02lm
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm.h b/esphome/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm.h
index 0d3427cc4d..d776c22d9e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm.h
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
 #include "esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h"
@@ -11,16 +11,14 @@
 #include "esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_rtcgq02lm {
 
-class XiaomiRTCGQ02LM final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class XiaomiRTCGQ02LM final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; };
   void set_bindkey(const char *bindkey);
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
   void dump_config() override;
 
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
@@ -54,5 +52,3 @@ class XiaomiRTCGQ02LM final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTD
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_rtcgq02lm
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/binary_sensor.py
index 69facf54ed..4a6267f8b9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/binary_sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import binary_sensor, esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import binary_sensor, ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL,
@@ -11,19 +11,20 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
-AUTO_LOAD = ["xiaomi_ble", "sensor"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "xiaomi_ble", "sensor"]
 
 xiaomi_wx08zm_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_wx08zm")
 XiaomiWX08ZM = xiaomi_wx08zm_ns.class_(
     "XiaomiWX08ZM",
     binary_sensor.BinarySensor,
-    esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener,
+    ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener,
     cg.Component,
 )
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("xiaomi_wx08zm"),
     binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(XiaomiWX08ZM)
     .extend(
         {
@@ -43,15 +44,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/xiaomi_wx08zm.cpp b/esphome/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/xiaomi_wx08zm.cpp
index 1bf861a6af..ae37d63096 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/xiaomi_wx08zm.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/xiaomi_wx08zm.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #include "xiaomi_wx08zm.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_wx08zm {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "xiaomi_wx08zm";
@@ -14,7 +12,7 @@ void XiaomiWX08ZM::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Battery Level", this->battery_level_);
 }
 
-bool XiaomiWX08ZM::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool XiaomiWX08ZM::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -56,5 +54,3 @@ bool XiaomiWX08ZM::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_wx08zm
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/xiaomi_wx08zm.h b/esphome/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/xiaomi_wx08zm.h
index 0573959473..bbb7b66352 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/xiaomi_wx08zm.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/xiaomi_wx08zm.h
@@ -3,20 +3,18 @@
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_wx08zm {
 
 class XiaomiWX08ZM final : public Component,
                            public binary_sensor::BinarySensorInitiallyOff,
-                           public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+                           public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; }
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
 
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_tablet(sensor::Sensor *tablet) { tablet_ = tablet; }
@@ -29,5 +27,3 @@ class XiaomiWX08ZM final : public Component,
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_wx08zm
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/sensor.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/sensor.py
index b41a775f35..8282523129 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL,
@@ -16,17 +16,18 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-AUTO_LOAD = ["xiaomi_ble"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "xiaomi_ble"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@medusalix"]
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
 
 xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc")
 XiaomiXMWSDJ04MMC = xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc_ns.class_(
-    "XiaomiXMWSDJ04MMC", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "XiaomiXMWSDJ04MMC", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(XiaomiXMWSDJ04MMC),
@@ -53,15 +54,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
     cg.add(var.set_bindkey(config[CONF_BINDKEY]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc.cpp b/esphome/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc.cpp
index c2b3ec1437..aba954fd91 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc.cpp
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc";
@@ -21,7 +19,7 @@ void XiaomiXMWSDJ04MMC::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Battery Level", this->battery_level_);
 }
 
-bool XiaomiXMWSDJ04MMC::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool XiaomiXMWSDJ04MMC::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -69,5 +67,3 @@ bool XiaomiXMWSDJ04MMC::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &devic
 void XiaomiXMWSDJ04MMC::set_bindkey(const char *bindkey) { parse_hex(bindkey, this->bindkey_, sizeof(this->bindkey_)); }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc.h b/esphome/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc.h
index c7d20aa356..90b2c4e420 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc.h
@@ -2,19 +2,17 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc {
 
-class XiaomiXMWSDJ04MMC final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class XiaomiXMWSDJ04MMC final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { this->address_ = address; }
   void set_bindkey(const char *bindkey);
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
 
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_temperature(sensor::Sensor *temperature) { this->temperature_ = temperature; }
@@ -30,5 +28,3 @@ class XiaomiXMWSDJ04MMC final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPB
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xl9535/__init__.py b/esphome/components/xl9535/__init__.py
index 58ce4a30f8..5686b74173 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xl9535/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xl9535/__init__.py
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_NUMBER,
     CONF_OUTPUT,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_XL9535 = "xl9535"
 
@@ -29,13 +31,13 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
 
 
-def validate_mode(mode):
+def validate_mode(mode: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if not (mode[CONF_INPUT] or mode[CONF_OUTPUT]) or (
         mode[CONF_INPUT] and mode[CONF_OUTPUT]
     ):
@@ -43,7 +45,7 @@ def validate_mode(mode):
     return mode
 
 
-def validate_pin(pin):
+def validate_pin(pin: int) -> int:
     if pin in (8, 9):
         raise cv.Invalid(f"pin {pin} doesn't exist")
     return pin
@@ -67,7 +69,7 @@ XL9535_PIN_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(CONF_XL9535, XL9535_PIN_SCHEMA)
-async def xl9535_pin_to_code(config):
+async def xl9535_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_XL9535])
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/xpt2046/touchscreen/__init__.py b/esphome/components/xpt2046/touchscreen/__init__.py
index d91ae44789..e38bc23da3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xpt2046/touchscreen/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xpt2046/touchscreen/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi, touchscreen
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN, CONF_THRESHOLD
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@numo68", "@nielsnl68"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
     await touchscreen.register_touchscreen(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/yashima/climate.py b/esphome/components/yashima/climate.py
index d7386eb6a3..cfc4744d82 100644
--- a/esphome/components/yashima/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/yashima/climate.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import climate, remote_transmitter, sensor
 from esphome.components.remote_base import CONF_TRANSMITTER_ID
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_SENSOR, CONF_SUPPORTS_COOL, CONF_SUPPORTS_HEAT
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["sensor"]
 
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await climate.new_climate(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/zephyr/__init__.py b/esphome/components/zephyr/__init__.py
index 338d1986ea..29ba0b9ed2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zephyr/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/zephyr/__init__.py
@@ -50,14 +50,14 @@ PrjConfValueType = bool | str | int | HexValue
 
 
 class Section:
-    def __init__(self, name, address, size, region):
+    def __init__(self, name: str, address: int, size: int, region: str) -> None:
         self.name = name
         self.address = address
         self.size = size
         self.region = region
         self.end_address = self.address + self.size
 
-    def __str__(self):
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
         return (
             f"{self.name}:\n"
             f"  address: 0x{self.address:X}\n"
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ async def _cdc_acm_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
         await cg.register_component(var, {})
 
 
-def zephyr_setup_preferences():
+def zephyr_setup_preferences() -> None:
     cg.add(zephyr_ns.setup_preferences())
     zephyr_add_prj_conf("SETTINGS", True)
     zephyr_add_prj_conf("NVS", True)
diff --git a/esphome/components/zephyr/library.py b/esphome/components/zephyr/library.py
index 0e6551ccf1..d09f0afedb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zephyr/library.py
+++ b/esphome/components/zephyr/library.py
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ from esphome.platformio.library import (
     collect_filtered_files,
     convert_libraries,
     ensure_list,
+    lex_build_flags,
     split_list_by_condition,
 )
 
@@ -38,11 +39,13 @@ ZEPHYR_FRAMEWORK = "zephyr"
 
 
 def _escape(p: PathType) -> str:
-    # In CMakeLists.txt, backslashes need to be escaped (mirrors the ESP-IDF
-    # backend's escape_entry). Doubling -- rather than rewriting '\' -> '/' --
-    # preserves content, so it's safe for arbitrary build flags (e.g. a -D value
-    # containing a backslash) as well as Windows paths.
-    return f'"{str(p)}"'.replace("\\", "\\\\")
+    # In CMakeLists.txt, backslashes and embedded quotes need escaping
+    # (mirrors the ESP-IDF backend's escape_entry; the lex round-trip makes
+    # a literal quote in a -D value reachable). Doubling backslashes --
+    # rather than rewriting '\' -> '/' -- preserves content, so it's safe
+    # for arbitrary build flags as well as Windows paths.
+    escaped = str(p).replace("\\", "\\\\").replace('"', '\\"')
+    return f'"{escaped}"'
 
 
 def generate_module_yml(component: ConvertedLibrary) -> str:
@@ -80,7 +83,11 @@ def generate_cmakelists_txt(component: ConvertedLibrary) -> str:
 
     build_include_dir = build.get("includeDir", DEFAULT_BUILD_INCLUDE_DIR)
     build_src_filter = ensure_list(build.get("srcFilter", DEFAULT_BUILD_SRC_FILTER))
-    build_flags = ensure_list(build.get("flags", DEFAULT_BUILD_FLAGS))
+    # The shared lexer re-glues spaced entries and drops bare/empty
+    # arguments, same as the espidf emitter
+    build_flags = lex_build_flags(
+        build.get("flags", DEFAULT_BUILD_FLAGS), component.name
+    )
 
     src_files = collect_filtered_files(
         read_path / Path(build_src_dir), build_src_filter
diff --git a/esphome/components/zephyr_ble_server/__init__.py b/esphome/components/zephyr_ble_server/__init__.py
index 658137d1a2..463b9c0887 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zephyr_ble_server/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/zephyr_ble_server/__init__.py
@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components.zephyr import zephyr_add_prj_conf
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, Framework
-from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 zephyr_ble_server_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("zephyr_ble_server")
 BLEServer = zephyr_ble_server_ns.class_("BLEServer", cg.Component)
@@ -32,7 +34,7 @@ _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     zephyr_add_prj_conf("BT", True)
     zephyr_add_prj_conf("BT_PERIPHERAL", True)
@@ -65,7 +67,12 @@ BLE_NUMERIC_COMPARISON_REPLY_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     BLE_NUMERIC_COMPARISON_REPLY_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def numeric_comparison_reply_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def numeric_comparison_reply_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, parent)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/zephyr_mcumgr/ota/__init__.py b/esphome/components/zephyr_mcumgr/ota/__init__.py
index 1503c94274..ad89c1ac79 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zephyr_mcumgr/ota/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/zephyr_mcumgr/ota/__init__.py
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
         slot1_start = slot0_start + slot_size
 
         def _mcuboot_partition_overlay() -> str:
-            def part(name, start, size):
+            def part(name: str, start: int, size: int) -> str:
                 return f"""
                 {name}: partition@{start:x} {{
                     reg = <0x{start:x} 0x{size:x}>;
diff --git a/esphome/components/zephyr_pwm/output.py b/esphome/components/zephyr_pwm/output.py
index 54c04473e3..2cb62b85b5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zephyr_pwm/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/zephyr_pwm/output.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ ZephyrPWMChannel = zephyr_pwm_ns.class_(
 validate_frequency = cv.All(cv.frequency, cv.float_range(min=3.815, max=1e7))
 
 
-def _pin_schema(value):
+def _pin_schema(value: Any) -> ConfigType:
     value = pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_schema(value)
     if value.get(CONF_ALLOW_OTHER_USES, False):
         raise cv.Invalid("allow_other_uses is not supported for zephyr_pwm pins")
@@ -102,15 +103,14 @@ def _allocate_blocks() -> None:
     _get_data().pwm_blocks = pwm_blocks
 
 
-def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     _allocate_blocks()
-    return config
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-def _overlay_pwm():
+def _overlay_pwm() -> str:
     pwm_blocks: list[PWMBlock] = _get_data().pwm_blocks
 
     assert CORE.is_nrf52
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ def _overlay_pwm():
     return "\n".join(overlay_parts)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     zephyr_add_prj_conf("PWM", True)
     pin = config[CONF_PIN]
     pwm_blocks: list[PWMBlock] = _get_data().pwm_blocks
diff --git a/esphome/components/zhlt01/climate.py b/esphome/components/zhlt01/climate.py
index 8d0c50308b..9e9933229f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zhlt01/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/zhlt01/climate.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@cfeenstra1024"]
@@ -10,5 +11,5 @@ ZHLT01Climate = zhlt01_ns.class_("ZHLT01Climate", climate_ir.ClimateIR)
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(ZHLT01Climate)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/zigbee/const_esp32.py b/esphome/components/zigbee/const_esp32.py
index bfc4d93d5b..2e1b09fb22 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zigbee/const_esp32.py
+++ b/esphome/components/zigbee/const_esp32.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ SCALE = "scale"
 CONF_ATTRIBUTE_ID = "attribute_id"
 KEY_ZIGBEE_EP = "zigbee_ep"
 KEY_ZIGBEE_EP_NO_NUM = "zigbee_ep_no_num"
+KEY_ZIGBEE_FIRST_EP_CL = "zigbee_first_ep_cl"
 
 DEVICE_ID = {
     "RANGE_EXTENDER": cg.RawExpression("EZB_ZHA_RANGE_EXTENDER_DEVICE_ID"),
@@ -18,11 +19,13 @@ DEVICE_ID = {
 cluster_id = cg.esphome_ns.enum("ezb_zcl_cluster_id_e")
 CLUSTER_ID = {
     "BASIC": cluster_id.EZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_BASIC,
+    "TIME": cluster_id.EZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_TIME,
     "BINARY_INPUT": cluster_id.EZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_BINARY_INPUT,
     "ANALOG_INPUT": cluster_id.EZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_ANALOG_INPUT,
 }
 CLUSTER_ROLE = {
     "SERVER": cg.RawExpression("EZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_SERVER"),
+    "CLIENT": cg.RawExpression("EZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_CLIENT"),
 }
 attr_type = cg.esphome_ns.enum("ezb_zcl_attr_type_e")
 ATTR_TYPE = {
diff --git a/esphome/components/zigbee/time/__init__.py b/esphome/components/zigbee/time/__init__.py
index 3acab0076f..74f81df2e9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zigbee/time/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/zigbee/time/__init__.py
@@ -1,13 +1,15 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import time as time_
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL
 from esphome.core import CORE
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import consume_endpoint
 from ..const import zigbee_ns
+from ..const_esp32 import ROLE
 from ..const_zephyr import CONF_ZIGBEE_ID
+from ..zigbee_ep_esp32 import add_clusters_to_first_ep, get_first_ep_num
 from ..zigbee_zephyr import (
     ZigbeeClusterDesc,
     ZigbeeComponent,
@@ -22,26 +24,52 @@ DEPENDENCIES = ["zigbee"]
 
 ZigbeeTime = zigbee_ns.class_("ZigbeeTime", time_.RealTimeClock)
 
+
+def _validate_zigbee_time(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    if CORE.is_nrf52:
+        return consume_endpoint(config)
+    if CORE.is_esp32:
+        cl = [
+            {
+                CONF_ID: "TIME",
+                ROLE: "CLIENT",
+            },
+            {
+                CONF_ID: "TIME",
+                ROLE: "SERVER",
+            },
+        ]
+        add_clusters_to_first_ep(cl)
+    return config
+
+
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     time_.TIME_SCHEMA.extend(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(ZigbeeTime),
-            cv.OnlyWith(CONF_ZIGBEE_ID, ["nrf52", "zigbee"]): cv.use_id(
-                ZigbeeComponent
-            ),
+            cv.GenerateID(CONF_ZIGBEE_ID): cv.use_id(ZigbeeComponent),
+            cv.SplitDefault(
+                CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL,
+                nrf52="1s",
+                esp32="15min",
+            ): cv.update_interval,  # override default from TIME_SCHEMA. Remove once nrf52 implementation is aligned.
         }
-    )
-    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
-    .extend(cv.polling_component_schema("1s")),
-    consume_endpoint,
+    ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
+    _validate_zigbee_time,
 )
 
 
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
-    CORE.add_job(_add_time, config)
+    if CORE.using_zephyr:
+        CORE.add_job(_add_time_zephyr, config)
+    if CORE.is_esp32:
+        zb = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ZIGBEE_ID])
+        var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], zb, get_first_ep_num())
+        await cg.register_component(var, config)
+        await time_.register_time(var, config)
 
 
-async def _add_time(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+async def _add_time_zephyr(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     slot_index = get_slot_index()
 
     # Create unique names for this sensor's variables based on slot index
diff --git a/esphome/components/zigbee/time/zigbee_time_esp32.cpp b/esphome/components/zigbee/time/zigbee_time_esp32.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5567295782
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/zigbee/time/zigbee_time_esp32.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+#include "zigbee_time_esp32.h"
+#if defined(USE_ZIGBEE) && defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(USE_TIME)
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
+
+namespace esphome::zigbee {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "zigbee.time";
+
+// This time standard is the number of
+// seconds since 0 hrs 0 mins 0 sec on 1st January 2000 UTC (Universal Coordinated Time).
+constexpr time_t EPOCH_2000 = 946684800;
+
+static ZigbeeTime *global_time = nullptr;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+
+void ZigbeeTime::setup() {
+  global_time = this;
+  if (this->parent_->is_started()) {
+    this->register_zb_time_();
+  } else {
+    this->parent_->add_on_start_callback([this]() { this->register_zb_time_(); });
+  }
+}
+
+void ZigbeeTime::register_zb_time_() {
+  ezb_zcl_time_interface_t time_interface = {
+      .get_utc_time = esphome::zigbee::ZigbeeTime::get_utc_time,
+      .set_utc_time = esphome::zigbee::ZigbeeTime::set_utc_time,
+  };
+  ezb_err_t ret;
+  if (!esp_zigbee_lock_acquire(10 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS)) {
+    this->set_timeout("zb_time_register", 100, [this]() { this->register_zb_time_(); });
+    return;
+  }
+  ret = ezb_zcl_time_server_interface_register(this->endpoint_, time_interface);
+  esp_zigbee_lock_release();
+  if (ret != EZB_ERR_NONE) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Setup failed: %d", ret);
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return;
+  }
+  this->registered_ = true;
+  this->parent_->add_on_join_callback([this](bool x) { this->update(); });
+  if (this->parent_->is_joined()) {
+    this->update();
+  }
+}
+
+void ZigbeeTime::status_cb(ezb_err_t status) {
+  if (status == EZB_ERR_NONE) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Time synchronization successful");
+  } else if (status == EZB_ERR_TIMEOUT) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Time synchronization timed out");
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Time synchronization failed with error: %d", status);
+  }
+}
+
+void ZigbeeTime::update() {
+  if (this->parent_->is_joined() && this->registered_) {
+    if (esp_zigbee_lock_acquire(10 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS)) {
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Updating time sync from Zigbee network...");
+      ezb_zcl_time_server_synchronize_time(this->endpoint_, 10, esphome::zigbee::ZigbeeTime::status_cb,
+                                           EZB_ZCL_TIME_SERVER_RANK_MASTER);
+      esp_zigbee_lock_release();
+      this->retry_count_ = 0;
+    } else {
+      if (this->retry_count_ == 0) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Could not acquire Zigbee lock to synchronize time, will retry maximum 3 times");
+      }
+      if (this->retry_count_ < 3) {
+        this->set_timeout("zb_time_sync", 100, [this]() { this->update(); });
+        this->retry_count_++;
+      } else {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Could not acquire Zigbee lock to synchronize time");
+        this->retry_count_ = 0;
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Not connected to Zigbee network, cannot synchronize time");
+  }
+}
+
+uint32_t ZigbeeTime::get_utc_time() {
+  const time_t now = global_time->timestamp_now();
+  if (now < EPOCH_2000) {
+    return 0xFFFFFFFF;  // ZCL invalid UTCTime
+  }
+  return (uint32_t) (now - EPOCH_2000);
+}
+
+void ZigbeeTime::set_utc_time(uint32_t utc) {
+  // prevent overflow
+  if (utc <= (std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max() - EPOCH_2000)) {
+    global_time->set_epoch_time(utc + EPOCH_2000);
+  }
+}
+
+void ZigbeeTime::set_epoch_time(uint32_t utc) {
+  // called from zigbee task, defer to main loop
+  this->defer([this, utc]() {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Setting device time to UTC: %u", static_cast<unsigned>(utc));
+    this->synchronize_epoch_(utc);
+  });
+  App.wake_loop_threadsafe();
+}
+
+void ZigbeeTime::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "Zigbee Time\n"
+                "  Endpoint: %u",
+                this->endpoint_);
+  RealTimeClock::dump_config();
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::zigbee
+
+#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/zigbee/time/zigbee_time_esp32.h b/esphome/components/zigbee/time/zigbee_time_esp32.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4a47137745
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/zigbee/time/zigbee_time_esp32.h
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#if defined(USE_ZIGBEE) && defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(USE_TIME)
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.h"
+#include "../zigbee_esp32.h"
+
+namespace esphome::zigbee {
+
+class ZigbeeComponent;
+
+class ZigbeeTime final : public time::RealTimeClock {
+ public:
+  ZigbeeTime(ZigbeeComponent *parent, uint8_t ep) : parent_(parent), endpoint_(ep) {}
+  void setup() override;
+  void update() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+  void set_epoch_time(uint32_t utc);
+
+ protected:
+  void register_zb_time_();
+  static void set_utc_time(uint32_t utc);
+  static uint32_t get_utc_time();
+  static void status_cb(ezb_err_t status);
+
+  ZigbeeComponent *parent_;
+  uint8_t endpoint_;
+  uint8_t retry_count_{0};
+  bool registered_{false};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::zigbee
+#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_ep_esp32.py b/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_ep_esp32.py
index c2001c66d6..700267ef50 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_ep_esp32.py
+++ b/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_ep_esp32.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from .const_esp32 import (
     DEVICE_TYPE,
     KEY_ZIGBEE_EP,
     KEY_ZIGBEE_EP_NO_NUM,
+    KEY_ZIGBEE_FIRST_EP_CL,
     ROLE,
 )
 
@@ -95,11 +96,11 @@ def _get_next_ep_num(eps: list[int]) -> int:
 
 
 def _compare_clusters(
-    existing_ep: dict[str, Any],
-    ep: dict[str, Any],
+    existing_cl_list: list[dict[str, Any]],
+    cl_list: list[dict[str, Any]],
 ) -> tuple[str | int, str] | None:
-    existing_clusters = [(cl[CONF_ID], cl[ROLE]) for cl in existing_ep[CONF_CLUSTERS]]
-    for cl in [(cl[CONF_ID], cl[ROLE]) for cl in ep[CONF_CLUSTERS]]:
+    existing_clusters = [(cl[CONF_ID], cl[ROLE]) for cl in existing_cl_list]
+    for cl in [(cl[CONF_ID], cl[ROLE]) for cl in cl_list]:
         if cl in existing_clusters:
             return cl
     return None
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ def _merge_endpoints(
     ep: dict[str, Any],
     use_type: bool | None,
 ) -> bool:
-    if _compare_clusters(existing_ep, ep):
+    if _compare_clusters(existing_ep.get(CONF_CLUSTERS, []), ep.get(CONF_CLUSTERS, [])):
         return False
     if (
         ep.get(DEVICE_TYPE)
@@ -200,6 +201,17 @@ def create_ep(router: bool) -> None:
 
         # clear list so that it is not processed again
         del zb_data[KEY_ZIGBEE_EP_NO_NUM]
+    # Add clusters to first ep
+    cl_list: list[dict] = zb_data.setdefault(KEY_ZIGBEE_FIRST_EP_CL, [])
+    if cl_list:
+        first_ep = ep_dict[get_first_ep_num()]
+        first_ep.setdefault(CONF_CLUSTERS, [])
+        if cl := _compare_clusters(first_ep[CONF_CLUSTERS], cl_list):
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"Endpoint {get_first_ep_num()} has more than one cluster with cluster id {cl[0]} and role {cl[1]}."
+            )
+        first_ep[CONF_CLUSTERS] += cl_list
+        del zb_data[KEY_ZIGBEE_FIRST_EP_CL]
 
     # Add default device type to endpoints that have none
     for ep in ep_dict.values():
@@ -207,6 +219,15 @@ def create_ep(router: bool) -> None:
             ep[DEVICE_TYPE] = "CUSTOM_ATTR"
 
 
+def get_first_ep_num() -> int | None:
+    """Return the number of the first endpoint."""
+    zb_data = CORE.data.setdefault(KEY_ZIGBEE, {})
+    ep_dict: dict[int, dict] = zb_data.setdefault(KEY_ZIGBEE_EP, {})
+    if ep_dict:
+        return min(ep_dict.keys())
+    return None
+
+
 def add_ep(ep: dict[str, Any], ep_num: int | None, use_type: bool | None) -> None:
     """Add a Zigbee endpoint configuration to CORE.data.
 
@@ -230,8 +251,8 @@ def add_ep(ep: dict[str, Any], ep_num: int | None, use_type: bool | None) -> Non
             # check if the existing endpoint has same clusters
             existing_ep = ep_dict[ep_num]
             if cl := _compare_clusters(
-                existing_ep,
-                ep,
+                existing_ep.get(CONF_CLUSTERS, []),
+                ep.get(CONF_CLUSTERS, []),
             ):
                 raise cv.Invalid(
                     f"Endpoint {ep_num} has more than one cluster with cluster id {cl[0]} and role {cl[1]}."
@@ -245,3 +266,21 @@ def add_ep(ep: dict[str, Any], ep_num: int | None, use_type: bool | None) -> Non
             if use_type or ep.get(DEVICE_TYPE):
                 ep[CONF_USE_DEVICE_TYPE] = {ep.get(DEVICE_TYPE): use_type}
             ep_dict[ep_num] = ep
+
+
+def add_clusters_to_first_ep(cl: list[dict[str, Any]]) -> None:
+    """Add a list of Zigbee clusters to CORE.data.
+
+    Args:
+        cl: list of cluster dictonaries.
+    """
+    zb_data = CORE.data.setdefault(KEY_ZIGBEE, {})
+    cl_list: list[dict] = zb_data.setdefault(KEY_ZIGBEE_FIRST_EP_CL, [])
+    if cluster := _compare_clusters(
+        cl_list,
+        cl,
+    ):
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"Only one cluster with cluster id {cluster[0]} and role {cluster[1]} can be added to first endpoint."
+        )
+    cl_list += cl
diff --git a/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_esp32.cpp b/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_esp32.cpp
index 482995e2c5..cd094306f4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_esp32.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_esp32.cpp
@@ -307,6 +307,11 @@ void ZigbeeComponent::setup() {
     return;
   }
 #endif
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_ZB_ZCZR
+  ezb_bdb_set_router_rejoin_required(true);
+#endif
+
   ezb_aps_secur_enable_distributed_security(false);
   ezb_nwk_set_min_join_lqi(32);
   if (ezb_app_signal_add_handler(ZigbeeComponent::app_signal_handler) != ESP_OK) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_esp32.py b/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_esp32.py
index 8e63c09e67..57fa3b2a00 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_esp32.py
+++ b/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_esp32.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.components.esp32 import (
     add_idf_component,
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option,
     add_partition,
+    include_builtin_idf_component,
     require_vfs_select,
 )
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
@@ -285,9 +286,13 @@ async def attributes_to_code(
 async def esp32_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> "MockObj":
     add_idf_component(
         name="espressif/esp-zigbee-lib",
-        ref="2.0.3",
+        ref="2.0.4",
     )
 
+    if CONF_WIFI in CORE.config:
+        # zigbee_esp32.cpp uses esp_coexist.h when WiFi is present
+        include_builtin_idf_component("esp_coex")
+
     # add sdkconfigs later so they can overwrite esp32 defaults
     CORE.add_job(_zigbee_add_sdkconfigs, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_helpers_esp32.c b/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_helpers_esp32.c
index 150be612f6..0793669955 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_helpers_esp32.c
+++ b/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_helpers_esp32.c
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@ ezb_zcl_cluster_desc_t esphome_zb_default_cluster_dscr_create(uint16_t cluster_i
       return ezb_zcl_basic_create_cluster_desc(NULL, role_mask);
     case EZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_IDENTIFY:
       return ezb_zcl_identify_create_cluster_desc(NULL, role_mask);
+    case EZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_TIME:
+      return ezb_zcl_time_create_cluster_desc(NULL, role_mask);
     case EZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_ANALOG_INPUT:
       return ezb_zcl_analog_input_create_cluster_desc(NULL, role_mask);
     case EZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_BINARY_INPUT:
@@ -49,6 +51,8 @@ ezb_err_t esphome_zb_cluster_add_attr(uint16_t cluster_id, ezb_zcl_cluster_desc_
       return ezb_zcl_basic_cluster_desc_add_attr(cluster_desc, attr_id, value_p);
     case EZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_IDENTIFY:
       return ezb_zcl_identify_cluster_desc_add_attr(cluster_desc, attr_id, value_p);
+    case EZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_TIME:
+      return ezb_zcl_time_cluster_desc_add_attr(cluster_desc, attr_id, value_p);
     case EZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_ANALOG_INPUT:
       return ezb_zcl_analog_input_cluster_desc_add_attr(cluster_desc, attr_id, value_p);
     case EZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_BINARY_INPUT:
diff --git a/esphome/components/zio_ultrasonic/sensor.py b/esphome/components/zio_ultrasonic/sensor.py
index 533bc5cc57..c4134cc40e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zio_ultrasonic/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/zio_ultrasonic/sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE, STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kahrendt"]
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/__init__.py b/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/__init__.py
index d88f9f7041..660e3f49a0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_POWER_SAVE_MODE, CONF_WIFI
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["api", "uart"]
@@ -11,7 +12,7 @@ zwave_proxy_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("zwave_proxy")
 ZWaveProxy = zwave_proxy_ns.class_("ZWaveProxy", cg.Component, uart.UARTDevice)
 
 
-def final_validate(config):
+def final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     full_config = fv.full_config.get()
     if (wifi_conf := full_config.get(CONF_WIFI)) and (
         wifi_conf.get(CONF_POWER_SAVE_MODE).lower() != "none"
@@ -20,8 +21,6 @@ def final_validate(config):
             f"{CONF_WIFI} {CONF_POWER_SAVE_MODE} must be set to 'none' when using Z-Wave proxy"
         )
 
-    return config
-
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
     cv.Schema(
@@ -36,7 +35,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.cpp b/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.cpp
index 5f56861e6d..b0d18a3e6a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.cpp
@@ -166,7 +166,9 @@ void ZWaveProxy::process_uart_slow_() {
           // If this is a data frame, use frame length indicator + 2 (for SoF + checksum), else assume 1 for ACK/NAK/CAN
           this->outgoing_proto_msg_.data_len = this->buffer_[0] == ZWAVE_FRAME_TYPE_START ? this->buffer_[1] + 2 : 1;
         }
-        this->api_connection_->send_message(this->outgoing_proto_msg_);
+        if (!this->api_connection_->send_message(this->outgoing_proto_msg_)) {
+          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Frame dropped, TCP buffer full");
+        }
       }
     }
   } while (this->available());
@@ -178,11 +180,11 @@ void ZWaveProxy::process_uart_slow_() {
 
 void ZWaveProxy::dump_config() {
   char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(ZWAVE_HOME_ID_SIZE)];
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(
-      TAG,
-      "Z-Wave Proxy:\n"
-      "  Home ID: %s",
-      this->home_id_ready_ ? format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, this->home_id_.data(), this->home_id_.size()) : "unknown");
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "Z-Wave Proxy:\n"
+                "  Home ID: %s",
+                this->home_id_ready_ ? format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, this->home_id_.data(), this->home_id_.size())
+                                     : LOG_STR_LITERAL("unknown"));
 }
 
 void ZWaveProxy::api_connection_authenticated(api::APIConnection *conn) {
@@ -192,12 +194,13 @@ void ZWaveProxy::api_connection_authenticated(api::APIConnection *conn) {
   }
 }
 
-void ZWaveProxy::zwave_proxy_request(api::APIConnection *api_connection, api::enums::ZWaveProxyRequestType type) {
+api::enums::ZWaveProxyStatus ZWaveProxy::zwave_proxy_request(api::APIConnection *api_connection,
+                                                             api::enums::ZWaveProxyRequestType type) {
   switch (type) {
     case api::enums::ZWAVE_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_SUBSCRIBE:
       if (this->api_connection_ == api_connection) {
         ESP_LOGV(TAG, "API connection is already subscribed");
-        return;
+        return api::enums::ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_OK;
       }
       if (this->api_connection_ != nullptr) {
         // A living subscriber keeps exclusive access. Its connection may be dead without
@@ -205,25 +208,26 @@ void ZWaveProxy::zwave_proxy_request(api::APIConnection *api_connection, api::en
         // in that case let the new client take over instead of locking it out.
         if (this->api_connection_->is_connection_setup()) {
           ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Only one API subscription is allowed at a time");
-          return;
+          return api::enums::ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_IN_USE;
         }
         ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Previous subscriber disconnected; taking over subscription");
       }
       this->api_connection_ = api_connection;
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "API connection is now subscribed");
-      break;
+      return api::enums::ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_OK;
 
     case api::enums::ZWAVE_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_UNSUBSCRIBE:
+      // Unsubscribe is idempotent: not being subscribed is not an error
       if (this->api_connection_ != api_connection) {
         ESP_LOGV(TAG, "API connection is not subscribed");
-        return;
+        return api::enums::ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_OK;
       }
       this->api_connection_ = nullptr;
-      break;
+      return api::enums::ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_OK;
 
     default:
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unknown request type: %" PRIu32, static_cast<uint32_t>(type));
-      break;
+      return api::enums::ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED;
   }
 }
 
@@ -328,7 +332,9 @@ void ZWaveProxy::send_homeid_changed_msg_(api::APIConnection *conn) {
   msg.data_len = this->home_id_.size();
   if (conn != nullptr) {
     // Send to specific connection
-    conn->send_message(msg);
+    if (!conn->send_message(msg)) {
+      API_LOG_MSG_DROPPED(TAG, "Home ID notification");
+    }
   } else if (api::global_api_server != nullptr) {
     // We could add code to manage a second subscription type, but, since this message is
     //  very infrequent and small, we simply send it to all clients
@@ -483,7 +489,9 @@ void ZWaveProxy::parse_start_(uint8_t byte) {
     this->buffer_[0] = byte;
     this->outgoing_proto_msg_.data = this->buffer_.data();
     this->outgoing_proto_msg_.data_len = 1;
-    this->api_connection_->send_message(this->outgoing_proto_msg_);
+    if (!this->api_connection_->send_message(this->outgoing_proto_msg_)) {
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Frame dropped, TCP buffer full");
+    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -502,7 +510,8 @@ bool ZWaveProxy::response_handler_slow_() {
       return false;  // No response handled
   }
 
-  ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Sending %s (0x%02X)", this->last_response_ == ZWAVE_FRAME_TYPE_ACK ? "ACK" : "NAK/CAN",
+  ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Sending %s (0x%02X)",
+            this->last_response_ == ZWAVE_FRAME_TYPE_ACK ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("ACK") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("NAK/CAN"),
             this->last_response_);
   this->write_byte(this->last_response_);
   this->parsing_state_ = ZWAVE_PARSING_STATE_WAIT_START;
diff --git a/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.h b/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.h
index cb60139ef8..75225d84a8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.h
+++ b/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.h
@@ -60,7 +60,8 @@ class ZWaveProxy final : public uart::UARTDevice, public Component {
   bool can_proceed() override;
 
   void api_connection_authenticated(api::APIConnection *conn);
-  void zwave_proxy_request(api::APIConnection *api_connection, api::enums::ZWaveProxyRequestType type);
+  api::enums::ZWaveProxyStatus zwave_proxy_request(api::APIConnection *api_connection,
+                                                   api::enums::ZWaveProxyRequestType type);
   api::APIConnection *get_api_connection() { return this->api_connection_; }
 
   uint32_t get_feature_flags() const { return ZWaveProxyFeature::FEATURE_ZWAVE_PROXY_ENABLED; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/zyaura/sensor.py b/esphome/components/zyaura/sensor.py
index 58de519283..0508f456e4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zyaura/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/zyaura/sensor.py
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
 from esphome.cpp_helpers import gpio_pin_expression
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 zyaura_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("zyaura")
 ZyAuraSensor = zyaura_ns.class_("ZyAuraSensor", cg.PollingComponent)
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/config.py b/esphome/config.py
index b747c69b3a..13ec744ce4 100644
--- a/esphome/config.py
+++ b/esphome/config.py
@@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import abc
-from contextlib import contextmanager
+from collections.abc import Iterator
+from contextlib import contextmanager, suppress
 import contextvars
 import copy
 import functools
 import heapq
 import logging
 import re
-from typing import Any
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 
 import voluptuous as vol
 
@@ -40,6 +41,9 @@ from esphome.util import OrderedDict, safe_print
 from esphome.voluptuous_schema import ExtraKeysInvalid
 from esphome.yaml_util import ESPHomeDataBase, ESPLiteralValue, is_secret
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from esphome.external_files import RemoteFile
+
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
@@ -616,6 +620,23 @@ class LoadValidationStep(ConfigValidationStep):
             elif not isinstance(self.conf, list):
                 result[self.domain] = self.conf = [self.conf]
 
+            # Permanent expansion hook: a platform-tagged entry may expand into
+            # several (e.g. `image`'s `defaults:`/`files:`), for `platform:`-tagged dicts only.
+            if (expand := component.expand_platform_config) is not None and all(
+                isinstance(entry, dict) and CONF_PLATFORM in entry
+                for entry in self.conf
+            ):
+                with result.catch_error(path):
+                    expanded = expand(self.conf)
+                    if not isinstance(expanded, list):
+                        # A non-list return is a component bug (not a user error):
+                        # raise explicitly (survives -O/-OO) so it escapes catch_error.
+                        raise TypeError(
+                            f"{self.domain}: EXPAND_PLATFORM_CONFIG must "
+                            f"return a list, got {type(expanded).__name__}"
+                        )
+                    result[self.domain] = self.conf = expanded
+
         # Process AUTO_LOAD
         _process_auto_load(result, component, path)
 
@@ -717,6 +738,125 @@ class AutoLoadValidationStep(ConfigValidationStep):
         )
 
 
+# Backstop against a runaway PREFETCH_FILES generator; no real component
+# needs anywhere near this many stages (font, the deepest, uses two).
+_MAX_PREFETCH_STAGES = 10
+
+
+class PrefetchRemoteFilesValidationStep(ConfigValidationStep):
+    """Batch-download remote files referenced by the raw config.
+
+    Each round, the batches yielded by every ``PREFETCH_FILES`` hook (see
+    ``ComponentManifest.prefetch_files``) download in one parallel pass, so
+    per-entry schema validators find a warm cache. Must run between
+    AutoLoadValidationStep (-1.0) and MetadataValidationStep (-2.0):
+    metadata steps push priority-0 schema steps that pop immediately, so
+    this is the last point where every raw entry list is intact. Best
+    effort: failures are logged and memoized per run; the per-entry
+    validators stay authoritative.
+    """
+
+    priority = -1.5
+
+    def run(self, result: Config) -> None:
+        active: list[tuple[str, Iterator[list[RemoteFile]]]] = []
+
+        def warn_hook_failed(name: str, err: Exception) -> None:
+            # A broken hook must not fail validation; it only loses the
+            # batching speedup.
+            _LOGGER.warning("Remote file prefetch for %s failed: %s", name, err)
+            _LOGGER.debug("Prefetch hook traceback", exc_info=err)
+
+        def start_hook(
+            name: str, manifest: ComponentManifest, entries: list[ConfigType]
+        ) -> None:
+            if (hook := manifest.prefetch_files) is None:
+                return
+            try:
+                active.append((name, iter(hook(entries))))
+            except Exception as err:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-except
+                warn_hook_failed(name, err)
+
+        for domain, conf in result.items():
+            if not isinstance(domain, str) or domain.startswith("."):
+                continue
+            if (component := get_component(domain)) is None:
+                continue
+            if component.prefetch_files is None and not component.is_platform_component:
+                continue
+            if conf is None or isinstance(conf, core.AutoLoad):
+                continue
+            entries = [
+                entry
+                for entry in (conf if isinstance(conf, list) else [conf])
+                if isinstance(entry, dict)
+            ]
+            if not entries:
+                continue
+            # A domain-level hook on a platform component receives every
+            # entry; overlap with per-platform hooks dedupes by path.
+            start_hook(domain, component, entries)
+            if not component.is_platform_component:
+                continue
+            by_platform: dict[str, list[ConfigType]] = {}
+            for entry in entries:
+                if isinstance(p_name := entry.get(CONF_PLATFORM), str):
+                    by_platform.setdefault(p_name, []).append(entry)
+            for p_name, p_entries in by_platform.items():
+                if (platform := get_platform(domain, p_name)) is not None:
+                    start_hook(f"{domain}.{p_name}", platform, p_entries)
+
+        # One stage per round; later stages can read what earlier ones
+        # fetched.
+        for _ in range(_MAX_PREFETCH_STAGES):
+            if not active:
+                break
+            items: list[RemoteFile] = []
+            still_active: list[tuple[str, Iterator[list[RemoteFile]]]] = []
+            for name, generator in active:
+                try:
+                    batch = list(next(generator))
+                except StopIteration:
+                    continue
+                except Exception as err:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-except
+                    warn_hook_failed(name, err)
+                    continue
+                items.extend(batch)
+                still_active.append((name, generator))
+            active = still_active
+            self._download(items)
+        for name, generator in active:
+            # A tripped backstop means a broken hook.
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "Remote file prefetch for %s stopped after %d stages",
+                name,
+                _MAX_PREFETCH_STAGES,
+            )
+            if (close := getattr(generator, "close", None)) is not None:
+                # close() runs hook code too; it must not fail validation.
+                with suppress(Exception):
+                    close()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _download(items: list[RemoteFile]) -> None:
+        if not items:
+            return
+        # Imported lazily: requests is a heavy import (~85ms) and is only
+        # needed when a config actually references remote files.
+        from esphome import external_files
+
+        try:
+            external_files.download_content_many(items, description="remote file(s)")
+        except cv.Invalid as err:
+            # INFO: the trace if an extractor's cache path ever drifts from
+            # its validator's, hiding the memoized failure replay.
+            _LOGGER.info("Remote file prefetch download failed: %s", err)
+        except Exception as err:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-except
+            # The batch downloader itself broke; make it visible.
+            _LOGGER.warning("Remote file prefetch failed: %s", err)
+            _LOGGER.debug("Prefetch download traceback", exc_info=err)
+
+
 class MetadataValidationStep(ConfigValidationStep):
     """Validate component metadata
 
@@ -1259,6 +1399,7 @@ def validate_config(
 
     for domain, conf in config.items():
         result.add_validation_step(LoadValidationStep(domain, conf))
+    result.add_validation_step(PrefetchRemoteFilesValidationStep())
     result.add_validation_step(IDPassValidationStep())
     result.add_validation_step(CoreFinalValidateStep())
     result.add_validation_step(PinUseValidationCheck())
diff --git a/esphome/config_helpers.py b/esphome/config_helpers.py
index c0a3b99968..60bed1537e 100644
--- a/esphome/config_helpers.py
+++ b/esphome/config_helpers.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from collections.abc import Callable
+from collections.abc import Callable, Collection
 
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_LEVEL,
@@ -98,6 +98,19 @@ def merge_config(old, new):
     return new
 
 
+def frameworks_for_platforms(platforms: Collection[str]) -> set[PlatformFramework]:
+    """All PlatformFramework members whose platform is in `platforms`.
+
+    For FILTER_SOURCE_FILES maps that must stay in sync with a platform
+    registry: deriving the framework set here means a platform added to the
+    registry cannot validate and then fail at link on a filtered-out file.
+    """
+    known = {pf.value[0].value for pf in PlatformFramework}
+    if unknown := set(platforms) - known:
+        raise ValueError(f"unknown platform(s): {sorted(unknown)}")
+    return {pf for pf in PlatformFramework if pf.value[0].value in platforms}
+
+
 def filter_source_files_from_platform(
     files_map: dict[str, set[PlatformFramework]],
 ) -> Callable[[], list[str]]:
@@ -138,6 +151,31 @@ def filter_source_files_from_platform(
     return filter_source_files
 
 
+def filter_source_files_from_defines(
+    files_map: dict[str, str | tuple[str, ...]],
+) -> Callable[[], list[str]]:
+    """Helper to build a FILTER_SOURCE_FILES function from a define mapping.
+
+    Args:
+        files_map: Dict mapping filename to the define name (or tuple of
+            define names) that keeps the file in the build; the file is
+            excluded when none of its defines is set for the current config.
+
+    Returns:
+        Function that returns the files to exclude for the current config.
+    """
+
+    def filter_source_files() -> list[str]:
+        defines = {define.name for define in CORE.defines}
+        return [
+            filename
+            for filename, needed in files_map.items()
+            if defines.isdisjoint((needed,) if isinstance(needed, str) else needed)
+        ]
+
+    return filter_source_files
+
+
 def get_logger_level() -> str:
     """Get the configured logger level.
 
diff --git a/esphome/config_validation.py b/esphome/config_validation.py
index c04d43bbee..aff39201e8 100644
--- a/esphome/config_validation.py
+++ b/esphome/config_validation.py
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_SETUP_PRIORITY,
     CONF_STATE_TOPIC,
     CONF_SUBSCRIBE_QOS,
+    CONF_TOOLCHAIN,
     CONF_TOPIC,
     CONF_TYPE,
     CONF_TYPE_ID,
@@ -75,6 +76,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     TYPE_GIT,
     TYPE_LOCAL,
     Framework,
+    Toolchain,
     __version__ as ESPHOME_VERSION,
 )
 from esphome.core import (
@@ -91,7 +93,13 @@ from esphome.core import (
 )
 from esphome.enum import StrEnum
 from esphome.expression import SUBSTITUTION_VARIABLE_PROG as VARIABLE_PROG
-from esphome.helpers import add_class_to_obj, docs_url, list_starts_with
+from esphome.helpers import (
+    FALSY_BOOL_STRINGS,
+    TRUTHY_BOOL_STRINGS,
+    add_class_to_obj,
+    docs_url,
+    list_starts_with,
+)
 from esphome.schema_extractors import (
     SCHEMA_EXTRACT,
     schema_extractor,
@@ -99,9 +107,16 @@ from esphome.schema_extractors import (
     schema_extractor_registry,
     schema_extractor_typed,
 )
+
+# Deprecated re-export for external components; remove before 2027.2.0
+# pylint: disable-next=unused-import
+from esphome.util import parse_esphome_version  # noqa: F401
 from esphome.voluptuous_schema import _Schema
 from esphome.yaml_util import SensitiveStr, make_data_base
 
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 # pylint: disable=invalid-name
@@ -572,9 +587,9 @@ def boolean(value):
         return value
     if isinstance(value, str):
         value = value.lower()
-        if value in ("true", "yes", "on", "enable"):
+        if value in TRUTHY_BOOL_STRINGS:
             return True
-        if value in ("false", "no", "off", "disable"):
+        if value in FALSY_BOOL_STRINGS:
             return False
     raise Invalid(
         f"Expected boolean value, but cannot convert {value} to a boolean. Please use 'true' or 'false'"
@@ -1447,7 +1462,7 @@ def hostname(value):
     Maximum length is 63 characters per RFC 1035.
 
     Note: If this limit is changed, update MAX_NAME_WITH_SUFFIX_SIZE in
-    esphome/core/helpers.cpp to accommodate the new maximum length.
+    esphome/core/helpers.h to accommodate the new maximum length.
     """
     value = string(value)
     if re.match(r"^[a-z0-9-]{1,63}$", value, re.IGNORECASE) is not None:
@@ -1867,13 +1882,46 @@ def lambda_(value):
     return value
 
 
+# 'return' at a statement boundary; only consulted when the source has no
+# semicolon, so ';' is not a boundary. Migration use only, see
+# looks_like_returning_lambda.
+LAMBDA_RETURN_STATEMENT_PROG = re.compile(r"(?:^|[:{})\n])\s*return\b")
+LAMBDA_RETURN_KEYWORD_PROG = re.compile(r"\breturn\b")
+# RESERVED_IDS subset that can begin a return expression; 'this'/'true' would
+# promote prose and infix 'and'/'or' cannot start an expression.
+_CPP_LEADING_WORD_OPERATORS = "not|new|sizeof|delete"
+# Two or more plain words: prose, not C++. A single word is indistinguishable
+# from 'return x'. Migration use only, see looks_like_returning_lambda.
+LAMBDA_PROSE_TAIL_PROG = re.compile(
+    rf"(?!(?:{_CPP_LEADING_WORD_OPERATORS})\b)[A-Za-z']+(?:,?\s+[A-Za-z']+)+[.!?]?"
+)
+
+
+def looks_like_returning_lambda(value: str) -> bool:
+    """Check whether a string looks like C++ lambda source: a semicolon means
+    code, so any return keyword counts; without one, a boundary return whose
+    tail does not read as prose is a return statement missing its semicolon.
+
+    For migrating deprecated implicit lambdas only; new validators must
+    require an explicit !lambda tag instead of guessing.
+    """
+    src = Lambda.comment_remover(value)
+    if ";" in src:
+        return LAMBDA_RETURN_KEYWORD_PROG.search(src) is not None
+    for match in LAMBDA_RETURN_STATEMENT_PROG.finditer(src):
+        tail = src[match.end() :].split("\n", 1)[0].strip()
+        if not LAMBDA_PROSE_TAIL_PROG.fullmatch(tail):
+            return True
+    return False
+
+
 def returning_lambda(value):
     """Coerce this configuration option to a lambda.
 
     Additionally, make sure the lambda returns something.
     """
     value = lambda_(value)
-    if "return" not in value.value:
+    if LAMBDA_RETURN_KEYWORD_PROG.search(Lambda.comment_remover(value.value)) is None:
         raise Invalid(
             "Lambda doesn't contain a 'return' statement, but the lambda "
             "is expected to return a value. \n"
@@ -2331,13 +2379,13 @@ def _validate_no_slash(value):
     the visually similar Unicode FRACTION SLASH (U+2044) character.
     """
     if "/" in value:
-        # Remove before 2026.7.0
+        # Remove before 2027.7.0
         new_value = value.replace("/", FRACTION_SLASH)
         _LOGGER.warning(
             "'%s' contains '/' which is reserved as a URL path separator. "
             "Automatically replacing with '%s' (Unicode FRACTION SLASH). "
             "Please update your configuration. "
-            "This will become an error in ESPHome 2026.7.0.",
+            "This will become an error in ESPHome 2027.7.0.",
             value,
             new_value,
         )
@@ -2528,6 +2576,63 @@ def platformio_version_constraint(value):
     return constraints
 
 
+def _check_supported_toolchain(
+    platform_name: str, supported: tuple[Toolchain, ...]
+) -> None:
+    """Raise when the resolved ``CORE.toolchain`` is not in ``supported``
+    (one message shape for every platform)."""
+    toolchain = CORE.toolchain
+    if toolchain is None:
+        # A caller ran the check before resolving; an ordering bug, not a
+        # user error
+        raise Invalid(f"Toolchain was not resolved before {platform_name} validation")
+    if toolchain not in supported:
+        names = ", ".join(f"'{tc.value}'" for tc in supported)
+        raise Invalid(
+            f"Unsupported toolchain "
+            f"'{toolchain.value}' for "
+            f"{platform_name}. Supported: {names}."
+        )
+
+
+def toolchain_enum(supported: tuple[Toolchain, ...]) -> Callable[[str], Toolchain]:
+    """Schema validator for a platform's ``toolchain`` config key."""
+
+    def validator(value: str) -> Toolchain:
+        return Toolchain(one_of(*supported, lower=True)(value))
+
+    return validator
+
+
+def resolve_toolchain(
+    platform_name: str, supported: tuple[Toolchain, ...], default: Toolchain
+) -> Callable[[ConfigType], ConfigType]:
+    """Resolve ``CORE.toolchain`` (CLI > YAML > default) and reject one the
+    platform cannot serve.
+
+    Add to the platform's validation chain before anything that reads
+    ``CORE.toolchain``.
+    """
+
+    def validator(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+        if CORE.toolchain is None:
+            CORE.toolchain = config.get(CONF_TOOLCHAIN, default)
+        _check_supported_toolchain(platform_name, supported)
+        return config
+
+    return validator
+
+
+def require_platformio_toolchain(
+    platform_name: str,
+) -> Callable[[ConfigType], ConfigType]:
+    """Reject a CLI-selected toolchain other than PlatformIO, for platforms
+    with only the PlatformIO backend."""
+    return resolve_toolchain(
+        platform_name, (Toolchain.PLATFORMIO,), Toolchain.PLATFORMIO
+    )
+
+
 def require_framework_version(
     *,
     max_version=False,
diff --git a/esphome/const.py b/esphome/const.py
index a3e9f47909..6f83f0c937 100644
--- a/esphome/const.py
+++ b/esphome/const.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from enum import Enum
 
 from esphome.enum import StrEnum
 
-__version__ = "2026.8.0-dev"
+__version__ = "2026.9.0-dev"
 
 ALLOWED_NAME_CHARS = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_"
 VALID_SUBSTITUTIONS_CHARACTERS = (
@@ -21,6 +21,14 @@ class Toolchain(StrEnum):
     PLATFORMIO = "platformio"
     ESP_IDF = "esp-idf"
     SDK_NRF = "sdk-nrf"
+    # ESP8266: the Arduino core built directly (no PlatformIO)
+    ARDUINO = "arduino"
+
+
+# Toolchains that drive their build natively and never read platformio.ini.
+# SDK_NRF is absent on purpose: the zephyr backend keeps consuming
+# platformio_options.
+NATIVE_TOOLCHAINS = frozenset({Toolchain.ESP_IDF, Toolchain.ARDUINO})
 
 
 class Platform(StrEnum):
diff --git a/esphome/core/__init__.py b/esphome/core/__init__.py
index e5b3ebb84d..6e3f91af22 100644
--- a/esphome/core/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/core/__init__.py
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     KEY_CORE,
     KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK,
     KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM,
+    NATIVE_TOOLCHAINS,
     PLATFORM_BK72XX,
     PLATFORM_ESP32,
     PLATFORM_ESP8266,
@@ -321,20 +322,25 @@ LAMBDA_PROG = re.compile(r"\bid\(\s*([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*)\s*\)(\.?)")
 
 class Lambda:
     def __init__(self, value):
-        from esphome.cpp_generator import Expression, statement
-
         # pylint: disable=protected-access
         if isinstance(value, Lambda):
             self._value = value._value
-        elif isinstance(value, Expression):
-            self._value = str(statement(value))
+        elif isinstance(value, str):
+            # The validated-config cache revives Lambdas from strings on the
+            # upload/logs fast path; keep codegen off that path.
+            self._value = value
         else:
+            from esphome.cpp_generator import Expression, statement
+
+            if isinstance(value, Expression):
+                value = str(statement(value))
             self._value = value
         self._parts = None
         self._requires_ids = None
 
     # https://stackoverflow.com/a/241506/229052
-    def comment_remover(self, text):
+    @staticmethod
+    def comment_remover(text):
         def replacer(match):
             s = match.group(0)
             if s.startswith("/"):
@@ -637,6 +643,8 @@ class EsphomeCore:
         self.platformio_libraries: dict[str, Library] = {}
         # A set of build flags to set in the platformio project
         self.build_flags: set[str] = set()
+        # A map of CMake args to apply to build systems that use CMake.
+        self.cmake_args: dict[str, str] = {}
         # A set of build flags that apply to C++ compiles only (CXXFLAGS /
         # CXX_COMPILE_OPTIONS), for flags GCC rejects or warns about on C
         self.cxx_build_flags: set[str] = set()
@@ -700,6 +708,7 @@ class EsphomeCore:
         self.global_statements = []
         self.platformio_libraries = {}
         self.build_flags = set()
+        self.cmake_args = {}
         self.cxx_build_flags = set()
         self.build_unflags = set()
         self.cpp_standard = None
@@ -774,7 +783,8 @@ class EsphomeCore:
         can compare a locally computed hash against the one a device
         advertises. Machine-local data is kept out of the input: build_path
         (which embeds ESPHOME_BUILD_PATH and OS path separators) is excluded,
-        and Path values are dumped relative to the config directory.
+        and Path values are dumped relative to the config directory, with
+        the data directory always at its default ``.esphome`` location.
         """
         if self._config_hash is None:
             from esphome import yaml_util
@@ -785,11 +795,15 @@ class EsphomeCore:
                 esphome_conf = dict(esphome_conf)
                 esphome_conf.pop(CONF_BUILD_PATH, None)
                 config[CONF_ESPHOME] = esphome_conf
+            relative_to = data_dir = None
+            if self.config_path is not None:
+                relative_to, data_dir = self.config_dir, self.data_dir
             config_str = yaml_util.dump(
                 config,
                 show_secrets=True,
                 sort_keys=True,
-                relative_to=self.config_dir if self.config_path is not None else None,
+                relative_to=relative_to,
+                data_dir=data_dir,
             )
             self._config_hash = fnv1a_32bit_hash(config_str)
         return self._config_hash
@@ -881,6 +895,11 @@ class EsphomeCore:
             return self.relative_build_path("build", "bootloader", "bootloader.bin")
         return self.relative_pioenvs_path(self.name, "bootloader.bin")
 
+    @property
+    def is_configured(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether anything has set this CORE up for a target."""
+        return KEY_CORE in self.data
+
     @property
     def target_platform(self):
         return self.data[KEY_CORE][KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM]
@@ -970,6 +989,19 @@ class EsphomeCore:
     def using_toolchain_sdk_nrf(self):
         return self.toolchain == Toolchain.SDK_NRF
 
+    @property
+    def using_toolchain_arduino(self):
+        """The native ESP8266 Arduino build toolchain (unlike
+        ``using_arduino``, which is the target framework)."""
+        return self.toolchain == Toolchain.ARDUINO
+
+    @property
+    def using_native_toolchain(self):
+        """Whether the selected toolchain builds natively, without reading
+        ``platformio.ini`` (see ``NATIVE_TOOLCHAINS`` in ``esphome.const``;
+        keep its membership in sync with ``write_cpp_file``'s dispatch)."""
+        return self.toolchain in NATIVE_TOOLCHAINS
+
     @property
     def using_zephyr(self):
         return self.target_framework == "zephyr"
@@ -1053,12 +1085,38 @@ class EsphomeCore:
         _LOGGER.debug("Adding build flag: %s", build_flag)
         return build_flag
 
+    def add_cmake_arg(self, name: str, value: str) -> None:
+        """Register a CMake variable for CMake-based toolchains.
+
+        The value must not contain whitespace or quotes (the PlatformIO
+        backend passes all args to CMake as a single space-joined string
+        of ``-DNAME=VALUE`` pairs) or ``$`` (expanded by CMake on the
+        ESP-IDF path but interpolated differently or passed through by
+        PlatformIO).
+        """
+        if not re.fullmatch(r"[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*", name):
+            raise ValueError(f"Invalid CMake arg name: {name!r}")
+        if re.search(r"[\s\"'$]", value):
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"CMake arg {name} value {value!r} must not contain "
+                "whitespace, quotes, or '$'"
+            )
+        old = self.cmake_args.get(name)
+        if old is not None and old != value:
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "CMake arg %s already set to %s; overwriting with %s", name, old, value
+            )
+        self.cmake_args[name] = value
+        _LOGGER.debug("Adding CMake arg: %s=%s", name, value)
+
     def add_cxx_build_flag(self, build_flag: str) -> str:
         self.cxx_build_flags.add(build_flag)
         _LOGGER.debug("Adding C++ build flag: %s", build_flag)
         return build_flag
 
     def add_build_unflag(self, build_unflag: str) -> None:
+        # No warning for using_toolchain_arduino: the native ESP8266 build
+        # honors build_unflags (token-level, matching PlatformIO).
         if self.using_toolchain_esp_idf:
             # The native ESP-IDF build generator does not consume build_unflags
             _LOGGER.warning(
@@ -1082,10 +1140,14 @@ class EsphomeCore:
         _LOGGER.debug("Adding define: %s", define)
         return define
 
-    def add_platformio_option(self, key: str, value: str | list[str]) -> None:
+    def add_platformio_option(
+        self, key: str, value: str | list[str], *, replace: bool = False
+    ) -> None:
+        """Set a platformio.ini option; list values append to an existing list
+        unless ``replace`` is True, which overwrites any existing value."""
         new_val = value
         old_val = self.platformio_options.get(key)
-        if isinstance(old_val, list):
+        if not replace and isinstance(old_val, list):
             assert isinstance(value, list)
             new_val = old_val + value
         self.platformio_options[key] = new_val
diff --git a/esphome/core/alloc_helpers.cpp b/esphome/core/alloc_helpers.cpp
index 27c50ebb2a..f6130b7b78 100644
--- a/esphome/core/alloc_helpers.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/alloc_helpers.cpp
@@ -88,9 +88,17 @@ std::string str_sprintf(const char *fmt, ...) {
 
 // --- Base64 helpers ---
 
-static constexpr const char *BASE64_CHARS = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
-                                            "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
-                                            "0123456789+/";
+// Map a 6-bit value (0-63) to its base64 character arithmetically.
+// No lookup table: a table would occupy RAM on ESP8266 (.rodata lives in DRAM there).
+static inline char base64_char(uint8_t index) {
+  if (index < 26)
+    return 'A' + index;
+  if (index < 52)
+    return 'a' + (index - 26);
+  if (index < 62)
+    return '0' + (index - 52);
+  return index == 62 ? '+' : '/';
+}
 
 // Encode 3 input bytes to 4 base64 characters, append 'count' to ret.
 static inline void base64_encode_triple(const char *char_array_3, int count, std::string &ret) {
@@ -101,7 +109,7 @@ static inline void base64_encode_triple(const char *char_array_3, int count, std
   char_array_4[3] = char_array_3[2] & 0x3f;
 
   for (int j = 0; j < count; j++)
-    ret += BASE64_CHARS[static_cast<uint8_t>(char_array_4[j])];
+    ret += base64_char(static_cast<uint8_t>(char_array_4[j]));
 }
 
 std::string base64_encode(const std::vector<uint8_t> &buf) { return base64_encode(buf.data(), buf.size()); }
@@ -144,7 +152,7 @@ std::vector<uint8_t> base64_decode(const std::string &encoded_string) {
 // --- Hex/binary formatting helpers ---
 
 std::string format_mac_address_pretty(const uint8_t *mac) {
-  char buf[18];
+  char buf[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
   format_mac_addr_upper(mac, buf);
   return std::string(buf);
 }
@@ -206,9 +214,9 @@ std::string format_bin(const uint8_t *data, size_t length) {
 // --- MAC address helpers ---
 
 std::string get_mac_address() {
-  uint8_t mac[6];
+  uint8_t mac[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];
   get_mac_address_raw(mac);
-  char buf[13];
+  char buf[MAC_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE];
   format_mac_addr_lower_no_sep(mac, buf);
   return std::string(buf);
 }
diff --git a/esphome/core/application.h b/esphome/core/application.h
index a18a6b31c8..a12cdc4ac8 100644
--- a/esphome/core/application.h
+++ b/esphome/core/application.h
@@ -120,8 +120,8 @@ class Application {
 // NOLINTBEGIN(bugprone-macro-parentheses)
 #define ENTITY_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper) \
   void register_##singular(type *obj) { this->plural##_.push_back(obj); } \
-  void register_##singular(type *obj, const char *name, uint32_t entity_key, uint32_t entity_fields) { \
-    obj->configure_entity_(name, entity_key, entity_fields); \
+  void register_##singular(type *obj, const char *name, uint32_t object_id_hash, uint32_t entity_fields) { \
+    obj->configure_entity_(name, object_id_hash, entity_fields); \
     this->plural##_.push_back(obj); \
   }
 #define ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper, callback) \
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ class Application {
 #define GET_ENTITY_METHOD(entity_type, entity_name, entities_member) \
   entity_type *get_##entity_name##_by_key(uint32_t key, uint32_t device_id, bool include_internal = false) { \
     for (auto *obj : this->entities_member##_) { \
-      if (obj->get_entity_key() == key && obj->get_device_id() == device_id && \
+      if (obj->get_object_id_hash() == key && obj->get_device_id() == device_id && \
           (include_internal || !obj->is_internal())) \
         return obj; \
     } \
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ class Application {
 #define GET_ENTITY_METHOD(entity_type, entity_name, entities_member) \
   entity_type *get_##entity_name##_by_key(uint32_t key, bool include_internal = false) { \
     for (auto *obj : this->entities_member##_) { \
-      if (obj->get_entity_key() == key && (include_internal || !obj->is_internal())) \
+      if (obj->get_object_id_hash() == key && (include_internal || !obj->is_internal())) \
         return obj; \
     } \
     return nullptr; \
diff --git a/esphome/core/component.cpp b/esphome/core/component.cpp
index e5fbb8ba07..41dd32ea66 100644
--- a/esphome/core/component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/component.cpp
@@ -336,10 +336,8 @@ void log_update_interval(const char *tag, PollingComponent *component) {
   uint32_t update_interval = component->get_update_interval();
   if (update_interval == SCHEDULER_DONT_RUN) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  Update Interval: never");
-  } else if (update_interval < 100) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  Update Interval: %.3fs", update_interval / 1000.0f);
   } else {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  Update Interval: %.1fs", update_interval / 1000.0f);
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  Update Interval: %" PRIu32 ".%03" PRIu32 "s", update_interval / 1000, update_interval % 1000);
   }
 }
 float Component::get_actual_setup_priority() const {
diff --git a/esphome/core/component_iterator.cpp b/esphome/core/component_iterator.cpp
index f4d3c05e19..3a497db741 100644
--- a/esphome/core/component_iterator.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/component_iterator.cpp
@@ -22,23 +22,23 @@ void ComponentIterator::advance_platform_() {
   this->at_ = 0;
 }
 
-void ComponentIterator::advance() {
+bool ComponentIterator::advance_step_() {
   switch (this->state_) {
     case IteratorState::NONE:
       // not started
-      return;
+      return false;
     case IteratorState::BEGIN:
       if (this->on_begin()) {
         advance_platform_();
+        return true;
       }
-      break;
+      return false;
 
 // Entity iterator cases (generated from entity_types.h)
 // NOLINTBEGIN(bugprone-macro-parentheses)
 #define ENTITY_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper) \
   case IteratorState::upper: \
-    this->process_platform_item_(App.get_##plural(), &ComponentIterator::on_##singular); \
-    break;
+    return this->process_platform_item_(App.get_##plural(), &ComponentIterator::on_##singular);
 #define ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper, callback) \
   ENTITY_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper)
 #include "esphome/core/entity_types.h"
@@ -48,26 +48,29 @@ void ComponentIterator::advance() {
 
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
     case IteratorState::SERVICE:
-      this->process_platform_item_(api::global_api_server->get_user_services(), &ComponentIterator::on_service);
-      break;
+      return this->process_platform_item_(api::global_api_server->get_user_services(), &ComponentIterator::on_service);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_CAMERA
     case IteratorState::CAMERA: {
       camera::Camera *camera_instance = camera::Camera::instance();
-      if (camera_instance != nullptr && (!camera_instance->is_internal() || this->include_internal_)) {
-        this->on_camera(camera_instance);
+      if (camera_instance != nullptr && (!camera_instance->is_internal() || this->include_internal_) &&
+          !this->on_camera(camera_instance)) {
+        return false;
       }
       advance_platform_();
-    } break;
+      return true;
+    }
 #endif
 
     case IteratorState::MAX:
       if (this->on_end()) {
         this->state_ = IteratorState::NONE;
+        return true;
       }
-      return;
+      return false;
   }
+  return false;
 }
 
 bool ComponentIterator::on_end() { return true; }
diff --git a/esphome/core/component_iterator.h b/esphome/core/component_iterator.h
index d271fcfed0..fac09e9e14 100644
--- a/esphome/core/component_iterator.h
+++ b/esphome/core/component_iterator.h
@@ -30,7 +30,23 @@ class RadioFrequency;
 class ComponentIterator {
  public:
   void begin(bool include_internal = false);
-  void advance();
+  /// Run up to max_steps iteration steps; stops early when iteration
+  /// completes or a callback refuses (that step is retried on the next
+  /// call). Inline so an idle (completed) iterator costs one compare, no call.
+  ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE void try_advance(size_t max_steps) {
+    size_t steps = 0;
+    while (steps < max_steps && !this->completed()) {
+      this->yield_requested_ = false;
+      if (!this->advance_step_())
+        break;
+      steps++;
+      if (this->yield_requested_)
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+  // Remove before 2027.3.0
+  ESPDEPRECATED("Use try_advance() instead. Removed in 2027.3.0", "2026.8.1")
+  void advance() { this->try_advance(1); }
   bool completed() const { return this->state_ == IteratorState::NONE; }
   virtual bool on_begin();
 // Pure virtual entity callbacks (generated from entity_types.h)
@@ -73,23 +89,34 @@ class ComponentIterator {
 #endif
     MAX,
   };
+  /// End the current try_advance() pass after this step; lets callbacks
+  /// that write directly to the socket cap direct writes per pass.
+  void yield_after_step_() { this->yield_requested_ = true; }
+
   uint16_t at_{0};  // Supports up to 65,535 entities per type
   IteratorState state_{IteratorState::NONE};
-  bool include_internal_{false};
+  bool yield_requested_ : 1 {false};
+  bool include_internal_ : 1 {false};
 
   template<typename Container>
-  void process_platform_item_(const Container &items,
+  bool process_platform_item_(const Container &items,
                               bool (ComponentIterator::*on_item)(typename Container::value_type)) {
     if (this->at_ >= items.size()) {
       this->advance_platform_();
-    } else {
-      typename Container::value_type item = items[this->at_];
-      if ((item->is_internal() && !this->include_internal_) || (this->*on_item)(item)) {
-        this->at_++;
-      }
+      return true;
     }
+    typename Container::value_type item = items[this->at_];
+    if ((item->is_internal() && !this->include_internal_) || (this->*on_item)(item)) {
+      this->at_++;
+      return true;
+    }
+    return false;
   }
 
+  /// One iteration step; false if no progress was made (callback refused
+  /// or iterator not running).
+  bool advance_step_();
+
   void advance_platform_();
 };
 
diff --git a/esphome/core/config.py b/esphome/core/config.py
index 1095a4886e..67a7b5210e 100644
--- a/esphome/core/config.py
+++ b/esphome/core/config.py
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ from esphome.helpers import (
     cpp_string_escape,
     fnv1a_32bit_hash,
     get_str_env,
+    get_usable_cpu_count,
     walk_files,
 )
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
@@ -205,16 +206,6 @@ def valid_project_name(value: str):
     return value
 
 
-def get_usable_cpu_count() -> int:
-    """Return the number of CPUs that can be used for processes.
-    On Python 3.13+ this is the number of CPUs that can be used for processes.
-    On older Python versions this is the number of CPUs.
-    """
-    return (
-        os.process_cpu_count() if hasattr(os, "process_cpu_count") else os.cpu_count()
-    )
-
-
 if "ESPHOME_DEFAULT_COMPILE_PROCESS_LIMIT" in os.environ:
     _compile_process_limit_default = min(
         int(os.environ["ESPHOME_DEFAULT_COMPILE_PROCESS_LIMIT"]), get_usable_cpu_count()
@@ -555,12 +546,24 @@ def _add_library_str(lib: str) -> None:
         cg.add_library(lib, None)
 
 
+# platformio_options keys the native ESP8266 Arduino generator (a later PR
+# in this chain) will honor; its ignored-option warning will consume the same
+# list so the two cannot drift
+NATIVE_ARDUINO_PIO_OPTIONS = frozenset({"board_build.f_cpu", "board_build.ldscript"})
+# The full set that survives into CORE.platformio_options under the native
+# arduino toolchain: lib_ignore is the only specially-translated key below
+# that is stored rather than translated away. Consumed by the esp8266 native
+# backend (later in this chain) for its ignored-option warning; defined here
+# so it stays adjacent to the routing.
+NATIVE_ARDUINO_CONSUMED_PIO_OPTIONS = NATIVE_ARDUINO_PIO_OPTIONS | {"lib_ignore"}
+
+
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.FINAL)
 async def _add_platformio_options(pio_options: dict[str, str | list[str]]) -> None:
-    if CORE.using_toolchain_esp_idf:
-        # The native ESP-IDF build doesn't read platformio.ini; honor the
-        # options with a native equivalent and warn about the rest, which
-        # would otherwise be silently ignored.
+    if CORE.using_native_toolchain:
+        # The native builds don't read platformio.ini; honor the options
+        # with a native equivalent and warn about the rest, which would
+        # otherwise be silently ignored.
         for key, val in pio_options.items():
             vals = [val] if isinstance(val, str) else val
             if key == CONF_BUILD_FLAGS:
@@ -573,23 +576,41 @@ async def _add_platformio_options(pio_options: dict[str, str | list[str]]) -> No
                 )
                 for flag in vals:
                     cg.add_build_flag(flag)
+            elif key == "build_unflags":
+                # Native equivalent: add_build_unflag (honored token-level by
+                # the arduino generator; the IDF generator warns there)
+                for flag in vals:
+                    CORE.add_build_unflag(flag)
             elif key == "lib_deps":
-                # Routed through the regular library mechanism so the libraries
-                # are converted to IDF components like any other PIO library
+                # Routed through the regular library mechanism so the
+                # libraries reach the native backend's converter (IDF
+                # components, or the ESP8266 native library resolution)
                 for lib in vals:
                     _add_library_str(lib)
             elif key == "lib_ignore":
-                # Read by the PIO-library-to-IDF-component conversion
-                # (generate_idf_components); filters both top-level libraries
-                # and dependencies discovered during conversion
+                # Read by the shared library conversion (lib_ignore_set in
+                # platformio/library.py); filters top-level libraries and
+                # discovered dependencies
                 cg.add_platformio_option(key, vals)
+            elif (
+                key in NATIVE_ARDUINO_PIO_OPTIONS
+                and CORE.using_toolchain_arduino
+                and vals
+            ):
+                # The esp8266 native generator reads these as scalars; the
+                # schema also permits the list form, where the last value
+                # wins like a later platformio.ini line (an empty list falls
+                # through to the ignored-option warning). Other native
+                # toolchains have no equivalent and fall through too.
+                cg.add_platformio_option(key, vals[-1])
             elif key != "upload_speed":
                 # upload_speed needs no handling: it is read from the raw
                 # config at upload time (upload_using_esptool)
                 _LOGGER.warning(
                     "esphome->platformio_options->%s is ignored when building with "
-                    "the native ESP-IDF toolchain",
+                    "the native '%s' toolchain",
                     key,
+                    CORE.toolchain.value,
                 )
         return
     # Add includes at the very end, so that they override everything
diff --git a/esphome/core/defines.h b/esphome/core/defines.h
index d621ee4071..fce0723f03 100644
--- a/esphome/core/defines.h
+++ b/esphome/core/defines.h
@@ -43,7 +43,9 @@
 #define USE_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL
 #define USE_AREAS
 #define USE_BINARY_SENSOR
+#define USE_BINARY_SENSOR_CLICK_TRIGGER
 #define USE_BINARY_SENSOR_FILTER
+#define USE_BINARY_SENSOR_MULTI_CLICK_TRIGGER
 #define USE_BLE_DEVICE_IRK
 #define USE_BUTTON
 #define USE_CAMERA
@@ -70,6 +72,7 @@
 #define USE_ESP32_IMPROV_STATE_CALLBACK
 #define USE_EVENT
 #define USE_FAN
+#define USE_GPIO_BINARY_SENSOR_INTERRUPT
 #define USE_GPIO_SWITCH_INTERLOCK
 #define USE_GRAPH
 #define USE_GRAPHICAL_DISPLAY_MENU
@@ -78,8 +81,6 @@
 #define USE_HTTP_REQUEST_OTA_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT 8000  // NOLINT
 #define USE_I2S_AUDIO_SPDIF_MODE
 #define USE_IMAGE
-#define USE_IMPROV_SERIAL
-#define USE_IMPROV_SERIAL_NEXT_URL
 #define USE_INFRARED
 #define USE_IR_RF
 #define USE_JSON
@@ -133,11 +134,13 @@
 #define MDNS_DYNAMIC_TXT_COUNT 2
 #define MICRONOVA_LISTENER_COUNT 1
 #define USE_MICRONOVA_WRITER
+#define MK2PVROUTER_LISTENER_COUNT 1
 #define SERIAL_PROXY_COUNT 2
 #define SNTP_SERVER_COUNT 3
 #define USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
 #define USE_MEDIA_SOURCE
 #define USE_NETWORK
+#define USE_NETWORK_DEFAULT_ROUTE
 #define USE_NETWORK_PRIMARY_INTERFACE_WIFI
 #define USE_NEXTION_COMMAND_SPACING
 #define USE_NEXTION_CONF_START_UP_PAGE
@@ -156,10 +159,17 @@
 #define USE_OUTPUT
 #define USE_OUTPUT_FLOAT_POWER_SCALING
 #define USE_POWER_SUPPLY
-#define USE_PREFERENCES_SYNC_EVERY_LOOP
-// Only defined by key-lookup preference backends (esp32, libretiny, host, zephyr);
-// slot-based platforms (esp8266, rp2040) never set it in generated builds
+// Only defined by key-lookup preference backends; the slot-based platforms
+// (esp8266, rp2040) never set it in generated builds, and their preferences
+// managers do not provide load_from_key(), so the PreferencesKeyLookupContract
+// assert would fail their clang-tidy environments. Written as a deny-list so
+// the no-platform analysis configuration (whose Preferences stub provides
+// load_from_key()) keeps covering the key-lookup code paths, and so a future
+// slot-based platform fails the assert loudly instead of silently losing
+// analysis coverage.
+#if !defined(USE_ESP8266) && !defined(USE_RP2)
 #define USE_PREFERENCE_KEY_LOOKUP
+#endif
 #define USE_PROVISIONING
 #define USE_QR_CODE
 #define USE_SAFE_MODE_BOOT_IS_GOOD_ON_SHUTDOWN
@@ -178,10 +188,12 @@
 #define USE_TEXT_SENSOR
 #define USE_TEXT_SENSOR_FILTER
 #define USE_TIME
+#define USE_TIME_TRIGGERS
 #define USE_TOUCHSCREEN
 #define USE_UART_DEBUGGER
 #define USE_UART_WAKE_LOOP_ON_RX
 #define USE_UPDATE
+#define USE_UPTIME_TIMESTAMP
 #define USE_VALVE
 #define USE_WATER_HEATER
 #define USE_WATER_HEATER_VISUAL_OVERRIDES
@@ -208,11 +220,17 @@
 #define USE_API_PLAINTEXT
 #define USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
 #define USE_API_CUSTOM_SERVICES
+#define USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA
 #define USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
 #define USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
 #define API_MAX_SEND_QUEUE 8
+#define API_USER_ACTION_STRINGS_SCRATCH_SIZE 64
 #define MAX_API_CONNECTIONS 6
+// The Improv library is not in the Zephyr tidy environment
+#define USE_IMPROV_SERIAL
+#define USE_IMPROV_SERIAL_NEXT_URL
 #define USE_MD5
+#define USE_NOISE
 #define USE_SHA256
 #ifndef USE_RP2  // no MQTT backend or esp_wireguard library on RP2
 #define USE_MQTT
@@ -221,10 +239,12 @@
 #endif
 #define USE_RTTTL_FINISHED_PLAYBACK_CALLBACK
 #define USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_BMP
-#define USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_PNG
 #define USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_JPEG
+#define USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_PNG
+#define USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_QOI
 #define USE_RUNTIME_STATS
 #define USE_OTA
+#define USE_OTA_ENCRYPTION
 #define USE_OTA_PASSWORD
 #define USE_OTA_VERSION 2
 #define USE_TIME_TIMEZONE
@@ -255,10 +275,16 @@
 #if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_RP2)
 #define USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
 // Mirror the codegen values per platform: _to_code_esp32() emits the connection
-// count (default 3), _to_code_ble_hub() emits 0 — so static analysis checks the
-// same std::array<uint64_t, N> instantiation a real build produces.
+// count (default 3) and the scanner-state push slot, _to_code_ble_hub() emits
+// the slot count (3 on rp2, 0 on advertisement-only hubs) — so static analysis
+// checks the same instantiations a real build produces.
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
+#define USE_BLE_SCANNER_STATE_CALLBACK
 #define BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS 3
+#define USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+#elif defined(USE_RP2)
+#define BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS 3
+#define USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
 #else
 #define BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS 0
 #endif
@@ -268,6 +294,7 @@
 // ESP32-specific feature flags
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 #define USE_ESP32_CRASH_HANDLER
+#define USE_ESP32_INTERNAL_GPIO
 #define USE_MQTT_IDF_ENQUEUE
 #define USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER
 #define ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER_SIZE 768
@@ -303,9 +330,11 @@
 #define USE_ESP32_BLE_SERVER_DESCRIPTOR_ON_WRITE
 #define USE_ESP32_BLE_SERVER_ON_CONNECT
 #define USE_ESP32_BLE_SERVER_ON_DISCONNECT
+#define USE_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER
+#define USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
+#define ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT 1
 #define ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_LISTENER_COUNT 1
 #define ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_CLIENT_COUNT 1
-#define ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_SCANNER_STATE_LISTENER_COUNT 1
 #define ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT 1
 #define ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_GAP_EVENT_HANDLER_COUNT 2
 #define ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_GAP_SCAN_EVENT_HANDLER_COUNT 1
@@ -334,6 +363,7 @@
 #define USE_SPEAKER
 #define USE_SPEAKER_MEDIA_PLAYER_ON_OFF
 #define USE_SPI
+#define USE_SPI_PSRAM_DMA
 #define USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
 #define USE_WEBSERVER
 #define USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH
@@ -385,6 +415,7 @@
 #define USE_ETHERNET_W6100
 #define USE_ETHERNET_W6300
 #define USE_ETHERNET_DM9051
+#define USE_ETHERNET_CH390
 #define CONFIG_ETH_SPI_ETHERNET_W5500 1
 #define CONFIG_ETH_SPI_ETHERNET_DM9051 1
 #define CONFIG_ETH_USE_ESP32_EMAC 1
@@ -464,10 +495,12 @@
 #define USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC
 #define USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP
 #define USE_RP2040_BLE
+#define USE_RP2_BLE_TRACKER
 #define RP2040_BLE_SCAN_LISTENER_COUNT 1
 #define ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT 1
+#define USE_BLE_SCAN_RESPONSE_MERGER
 #define USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
-#define ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT 1
+#define ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT 3
 #define USE_RP2040_VARIANT_RP2040
 #define USE_SPI
 #ifndef USE_ETHERNET
@@ -488,7 +521,16 @@
 #define BK72XX_BLE_SCAN_LISTENER_COUNT 1
 #define USE_LN882H_BLE
 #define LN882H_BLE_SCAN_LISTENER_COUNT 1
+// One tracker arm per build: ln882x gets its real hub; bk72xx also stands in
+// for hub-less LibreTiny chips (rtl87xx) so bluetooth_proxy.h has a BLEHub
+// to parse against.
+#ifdef USE_LN882X
+#define USE_LN882H_BLE_TRACKER
+#else
+#define USE_BK72XX_BLE_TRACKER
+#endif
 #define ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT 1
+#define USE_BLE_SCAN_RESPONSE_MERGER
 #define USE_CAPTIVE_PORTAL
 #define USE_WIFI_SCAN_RESULTS_LOCK
 #define USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_SOCKETS
@@ -503,6 +545,8 @@
 
 #ifdef USE_HOST
 #define USE_HTTP_REQUEST_RESPONSE
+// Host only: the uart arm would shadow the native logger UART arms in other envs
+#define USE_IMPROV_SERIAL_UART
 #define USE_SOCKET_IMPL_BSD_SOCKETS
 #define USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER
 #define ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER_SIZE 64
diff --git a/esphome/core/entity_base.cpp b/esphome/core/entity_base.cpp
index 328de05302..21a5fc3706 100644
--- a/esphome/core/entity_base.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/entity_base.cpp
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ namespace esphome {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "entity_base";
 
-void EntityBase::configure_entity_(const char *name, uint32_t entity_key, uint32_t entity_fields) {
+void EntityBase::configure_entity_(const char *name, uint32_t object_id_hash, uint32_t entity_fields) {
   this->name_ = StringRef(name);
   if (this->name_.empty()) {
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
@@ -30,15 +30,15 @@ void EntityBase::configure_entity_(const char *name, uint32_t entity_key, uint32
       }
     }
     this->flags_.has_own_name = false;
-    // Dynamic name - must calculate key at runtime
-    this->calc_entity_key_();
+    // Dynamic name - must calculate hash at runtime
+    this->calc_object_id_();
   } else {
     this->flags_.has_own_name = true;
-    // Static name - use pre-computed key if provided
-    if (entity_key != 0) {
-      this->entity_key_ = entity_key;
+    // Static name - use pre-computed hash if provided
+    if (object_id_hash != 0) {
+      this->object_id_hash_ = object_id_hash;
     } else {
-      this->calc_entity_key_();
+      this->calc_object_id_();
     }
   }
   // Unpack entity string table indices and flags from entity_fields.
@@ -80,24 +80,6 @@ const char *EntityBase::get_device_class_to([[maybe_unused]] std::span<char, MAX
 #endif
 }
 
-#ifndef USE_ESP8266
-// Deprecated device class accessors — not available on ESP8266 (rodata is RAM)
-StringRef EntityBase::get_device_class_ref() const {
-#ifdef USE_ENTITY_DEVICE_CLASS
-  return StringRef(entity_device_class_lookup(this->device_class_idx_));
-#else
-  return StringRef(entity_device_class_lookup(0));
-#endif
-}
-std::string EntityBase::get_device_class() const {
-#ifdef USE_ENTITY_DEVICE_CLASS
-  return std::string(entity_device_class_lookup(this->device_class_idx_));
-#else
-  return std::string(entity_device_class_lookup(0));
-#endif
-}
-#endif  // !USE_ESP8266
-
 // Entity unit of measurement (from index)
 StringRef EntityBase::get_unit_of_measurement_ref() const {
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT
@@ -106,10 +88,6 @@ StringRef EntityBase::get_unit_of_measurement_ref() const {
   return StringRef(entity_uom_lookup(0));
 #endif
 }
-std::string EntityBase::get_unit_of_measurement() const {
-  return std::string(this->get_unit_of_measurement_ref().c_str());
-}
-
 // Entity icon — buffer-based API for PROGMEM safety on ESP8266
 const char *EntityBase::get_icon_to([[maybe_unused]] std::span<char, MAX_ICON_LENGTH> buffer) const {
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
@@ -129,33 +107,9 @@ const char *EntityBase::get_icon_to([[maybe_unused]] std::span<char, MAX_ICON_LE
 #endif
 }
 
-#ifndef USE_ESP8266
-// Deprecated icon accessors — not available on ESP8266 (rodata is RAM)
-StringRef EntityBase::get_icon_ref() const {
-#ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
-  return StringRef(entity_icon_lookup(this->icon_idx_));
-#else
-  return StringRef(entity_icon_lookup(0));
-#endif
-}
-std::string EntityBase::get_icon() const {
-#ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
-  return std::string(entity_icon_lookup(this->icon_idx_));
-#else
-  return std::string(entity_icon_lookup(0));
-#endif
-}
-#endif  // !USE_ESP8266
-
-// Calculate the entity key directly from the raw name (no transformations)
-void EntityBase::calc_entity_key_() { this->entity_key_ = fnv1_hash_bytes(this->name_.c_str(), this->name_.size()); }
-
-// Reconstruct the OLD (pre-2026.8.0) object_id-based hash for preference key compatibility.
-// Named entities historically used the hash pre-computed by Python code generation, which
-// sanitized per UTF-8 code point; entities without their own name computed the hash at
-// runtime per byte. See https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/85
-uint32_t EntityBase::calc_old_object_id_hash_() const {
-  return fnv1_hash_object_id(this->name_.c_str(), this->name_.size(), this->flags_.has_own_name);
+// Calculate Object ID Hash directly from name using snake_case + sanitize
+void EntityBase::calc_object_id_() {
+  this->object_id_hash_ = fnv1_hash_object_id(this->name_.c_str(), this->name_.size());
 }
 
 size_t EntityBase::write_object_id_to(char *buf, size_t buf_size) const {
@@ -173,22 +127,16 @@ StringRef EntityBase::get_object_id_to(std::span<char, OBJECT_ID_MAX_LEN> buf) c
 }
 
 ESPPreferenceObject EntityBase::make_entity_preference_(size_t size, uint32_t version) {
-  // The old key hashed the sanitized object_id, so multiple entity names could collide on
-  // one key and overwrite each other's stored preferences; the new key hashes the raw name.
-  // See: https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/85
-  uint32_t old_key = this->old_preference_key_base_() ^ version;
-#ifdef USE_PREFERENCE_KEY_LOOKUP
-  uint32_t new_key = this->preference_key_base_() ^ version;
-  auto pref = global_preferences->make_preference(size, new_key);
-  // All in-tree entity preferences fit the stack buffer, so migration never hits the heap
-  SmallBufferWithHeapFallback<64> buffer(size);
-  migrate_preference(pref, buffer.get(), size, old_key, new_key);
-  return pref;
-#else
-  // Slot-based backends keep the old key: it is only a validity tag on a positional slot,
-  // so collisions cannot corrupt data there and keeping it preserves stored state.
-  return global_preferences->make_preference(size, old_key);
-#endif
+  // The key hashes the sanitized object_id, so multiple entity names can collide on one
+  // key and overwrite each other's stored preferences ("Living Room" and "living_room",
+  // or two UTF-8 names that both sanitize to underscores). Keys hashed from the raw name
+  // fix this, but they change the entity key API clients track, which the Home Assistant
+  // esphome integration cannot handle yet. See: https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/85
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+  uint32_t key = this->get_preference_hash() ^ version;
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+  return global_preferences->make_preference(size, key);
 }
 
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
diff --git a/esphome/core/entity_base.h b/esphome/core/entity_base.h
index 7f8e5f2630..f38e30bf52 100644
--- a/esphome/core/entity_base.h
+++ b/esphome/core/entity_base.h
@@ -73,17 +73,8 @@ class EntityBase {
   // Get whether this Entity has its own name or it should use the device friendly_name.
   bool has_own_name() const { return this->flags_.has_own_name; }
 
-  // Get the unique key of this Entity: FNV-1 hash of the raw entity name.
-  // This is the key sent to API clients and used to route entity state.
-  uint32_t get_entity_key() const { return this->entity_key_; }
-
-  /// Returns the LEGACY object_id hash, unchanged from previous releases, so existing
-  /// callers keep getting stable values (for example preference keys). This is no longer
-  /// the key sent to API clients; that is get_entity_key().
-  ESPDEPRECATED("Use get_entity_key() for the entity key sent to API clients, or "
-                "make_entity_preference<T>() for preference storage. Will be removed in 2027.1.0.",
-                "2026.8.0")
-  uint32_t get_object_id_hash() const { return this->calc_old_object_id_hash_(); }
+  // Get the unique Object ID of this Entity
+  uint32_t get_object_id_hash() const { return this->object_id_hash_; }
 
   /// Get object_id with zero heap allocation
   /// For static case: returns StringRef to internal storage (buffer unused)
@@ -118,60 +109,14 @@ class EntityBase {
   // On ESP8266: copies from PROGMEM to buffer, returns buffer pointer.
   const char *get_device_class_to(std::span<char, MAX_DEVICE_CLASS_LENGTH> buffer) const;
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP8266
-  // On ESP8266, rodata is RAM. Device classes are in PROGMEM and cannot be accessed
-  // directly as const char*. Use get_device_class_to() with a stack buffer instead.
-  template<typename T = int> StringRef get_device_class_ref() const {
-    static_assert(sizeof(T) == 0, "get_device_class_ref() unavailable on ESP8266 (rodata is RAM). "
-                                  "Use get_device_class_to() with a stack buffer.");
-    return StringRef("");
-  }
-  template<typename T = int> std::string get_device_class() const {
-    static_assert(sizeof(T) == 0, "get_device_class() unavailable on ESP8266 (rodata is RAM). "
-                                  "Use get_device_class_to() with a stack buffer.");
-    return "";
-  }
-#else
-  // Deprecated: use get_device_class_to() instead. Device classes are in PROGMEM.
-  ESPDEPRECATED("Use get_device_class_to() instead. Will be removed in ESPHome 2026.9.0", "2026.3.0")
-  StringRef get_device_class_ref() const;
-  ESPDEPRECATED("Use get_device_class_to() instead. Will be removed in ESPHome 2026.9.0", "2026.3.0")
-  std::string get_device_class() const;
-#endif
   // Get unit of measurement as StringRef (from packed index)
   StringRef get_unit_of_measurement_ref() const;
-  /// Get the unit of measurement as std::string (deprecated, prefer get_unit_of_measurement_ref())
-  ESPDEPRECATED("Use get_unit_of_measurement_ref() instead for better performance (avoids string copy). Will be "
-                "removed in ESPHome 2026.9.0",
-                "2026.3.0")
-  std::string get_unit_of_measurement() const;
 
   // Get this entity's icon into a stack buffer.
   // On ESP32: returns pointer to PROGMEM string directly (buffer unused).
   // On ESP8266: copies from PROGMEM to buffer, returns buffer pointer.
   const char *get_icon_to(std::span<char, MAX_ICON_LENGTH> buffer) const;
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP8266
-  // On ESP8266, rodata is RAM. Icons are in PROGMEM and cannot be accessed
-  // directly as const char*. Use get_icon_to() with a stack buffer instead.
-  template<typename T = int> StringRef get_icon_ref() const {
-    static_assert(sizeof(T) == 0,
-                  "get_icon_ref() unavailable on ESP8266 (rodata is RAM). Use get_icon_to() with a stack buffer.");
-    return StringRef("");
-  }
-  template<typename T = int> std::string get_icon() const {
-    static_assert(sizeof(T) == 0,
-                  "get_icon() unavailable on ESP8266 (rodata is RAM). Use get_icon_to() with a stack buffer.");
-    return "";
-  }
-#else
-  // Deprecated: use get_icon_to() instead. Icons are in PROGMEM.
-  ESPDEPRECATED("Use get_icon_to() instead. Will be removed in ESPHome 2026.9.0", "2026.3.0")
-  StringRef get_icon_ref() const;
-  ESPDEPRECATED("Use get_icon_to() instead. Will be removed in ESPHome 2026.9.0", "2026.3.0")
-  std::string get_icon() const;
-#endif
-
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
   // Get this entity's device id
   uint32_t get_device_id() const {
@@ -190,23 +135,39 @@ class EntityBase {
   // Set has_state - for components that need to manually set this
   void set_has_state(bool state) { this->flags_.has_state = state; }
 
-  /// Get this entity's device id, or 0 when devices are not compiled in (main device).
-  uint32_t get_device_id_or_zero() const {
-#ifdef USE_DEVICES
-    return this->get_device_id();
-#else
-    return 0;
-#endif
-  }
-
-  /// Get the LEGACY preference key: FNV-1 hash of the sanitized object_id, XOR device_id.
-  /// Intentionally keeps the old algorithm so external callers that store preferences under
-  /// this key keep stable keys; make_entity_preference() migrates to the new raw-name key,
-  /// this method never will.
+  /**
+   * @brief Get a unique hash for storing preferences/settings for this entity.
+   *
+   * This method returns a hash that uniquely identifies the entity for the purpose of
+   * storing preferences (such as calibration, state, etc.). Unlike get_object_id_hash(),
+   * this hash also incorporates the device_id (if devices are enabled), ensuring uniqueness
+   * across multiple devices that may have entities with the same object_id.
+   *
+   * Use this method when storing or retrieving preferences/settings that should be unique
+   * per device-entity pair. Use get_object_id_hash() when you need a hash that identifies
+   * the entity regardless of the device it belongs to.
+   *
+   * For backward compatibility, if device_id is 0 (the main device), the hash is unchanged
+   * from previous versions, so existing single-device configurations will continue to work.
+   *
+   * @return uint32_t The unique hash for preferences, including device_id if available.
+   * @deprecated Use make_entity_preference<T>() instead, or preferences won't be migrated.
+   * See https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/85
+   */
   ESPDEPRECATED("Use make_entity_preference<T>() instead, or preferences won't be migrated. "
                 "See https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/85. Will be removed in 2027.1.0.",
-                "2026.8.0")
-  uint32_t get_preference_hash() { return this->old_preference_key_base_(); }
+                "2026.7.0")
+  uint32_t get_preference_hash() {
+#ifdef USE_DEVICES
+    // Combine object_id_hash with device_id to ensure uniqueness across devices
+    // Note: device_id is 0 for the main device, so XORing with 0 preserves the original hash
+    // This ensures backward compatibility for existing single-device configurations
+    return this->get_object_id_hash() ^ this->get_device_id();
+#else
+    // Without devices, just use object_id_hash as before
+    return this->get_object_id_hash();
+#endif
+  }
 
   /// Create a preference object for storing this entity's state/settings.
   /// @tparam T The type of data to store (must be trivially copyable)
@@ -223,9 +184,9 @@ class EntityBase {
   // before push_back, so codegen can emit a single combined call per entity.
   friend class Application;
 
-  /// Combined entity setup from codegen: set name, entity key, entity string indices, and flags.
+  /// Combined entity setup from codegen: set name, object_id hash, entity string indices, and flags.
   /// Bit layout of entity_fields is defined by the ENTITY_FIELD_*_SHIFT constants above.
-  void configure_entity_(const char *name, uint32_t entity_key, uint32_t entity_fields);
+  void configure_entity_(const char *name, uint32_t object_id_hash, uint32_t entity_fields);
 
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
   // Codegen-only setter — only accessible from setup() via friend declaration.
@@ -233,24 +194,13 @@ class EntityBase {
 #endif
 
   /// Non-template helper for make_entity_preference() to avoid code bloat.
-  /// Migrates preferences from the old sanitized-object_id key to the raw-name key
-  /// on key-lookup platforms. See: https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/85
+  /// When the preference hash algorithm changes, migration logic goes here.
   ESPPreferenceObject make_entity_preference_(size_t size, uint32_t version);
 
-  void calc_entity_key_();
-
-  /// Reconstruct the OLD (pre-2026.8.0) sanitized-object_id hash for preference keys.
-  uint32_t calc_old_object_id_hash_() const;
-
-  /// Preference key base for this entity: raw-name entity key XOR device_id.
-  uint32_t preference_key_base_() const { return this->entity_key_ ^ this->get_device_id_or_zero(); }
-
-  /// Legacy preference key base: sanitized-object_id hash XOR device_id.
-  /// Note: device_id is 0 for the main device, so XORing with 0 preserves the original hash.
-  uint32_t old_preference_key_base_() const { return this->calc_old_object_id_hash_() ^ this->get_device_id_or_zero(); }
+  void calc_object_id_();
 
   StringRef name_;
-  uint32_t entity_key_{};
+  uint32_t object_id_hash_{};
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
   Device *device_{};
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/core/entity_helpers.py b/esphome/core/entity_helpers.py
index 5060e32a2d..54e2551cb4 100644
--- a/esphome/core/entity_helpers.py
+++ b/esphome/core/entity_helpers.py
@@ -25,86 +25,25 @@ from esphome.core.config import (
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, RawStatement, add, get_variable
 from esphome.cpp_types import App
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
-from esphome.helpers import cpp_string_escape, fnv1_hash_name, sanitize, snake_case
+from esphome.helpers import (
+    cpp_string_escape,
+    fnv1_hash,
+    fnv1_hash_object_id,
+    sanitize,
+    snake_case,
+)
 from esphome.types import ConfigType, EntityMetadata
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 DOMAIN = "entity_string_pool"
 
-_OBJECT_ID_DOMAIN = "entity_object_ids"
-
-
-@dataclass
-class ObjectIdEntity:
-    """An entity tracked by the sanitized object_id its name resolves to."""
-
-    name: str
-    platform: str
-    config: ConfigType
-
-
-def _get_object_id_registry() -> dict[tuple[str, str, str], list[ObjectIdEntity]]:
-    """(device_id, platform, sanitized object_id) -> entities resolving to it."""
-    return CORE.data.setdefault(_OBJECT_ID_DOMAIN, {})
-
-
-def validate_no_object_id_conflicts(
-    reason: str,
-    conflict_filter: Callable[[list[ObjectIdEntity], ConfigType], bool] | None = None,
-) -> Callable[[ConfigType], ConfigType]:
-    """Create a final-validate step that rejects entities with colliding object_ids.
-
-    Entity keys are hashed from the raw name, so names that only differ in characters
-    lost during sanitizing (for example two UTF-8 names) validate fine in general.
-    Components that still address entities by the sanitized object_id string must
-    reject those configs until they are migrated to raw names.
-
-    Args:
-        reason: One sentence stating what the component builds from the object_id,
-            e.g. "mqtt builds default topics from the entity object_id"
-        conflict_filter: Optional predicate receiving the colliding entities and the
-            component config; return False when the component is not affected
-
-    Returns:
-        A validator function for use as (or within) FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA
-    """
-
-    def validator(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
-        # Skip in testing_mode, which is used for grouped component testing
-        if CORE.testing_mode:
-            return config
-        conflicts = {
-            key: entities
-            for key, entities in _get_object_id_registry().items()
-            if len(entities) > 1
-            and (conflict_filter is None or conflict_filter(entities, config))
-        }
-        if not conflicts:
-            return config
-        lines = [f"{reason}, so these entities would conflict:"]
-        lines.extend(
-            f"  - {platform} entities "
-            + ", ".join(f"'{e.name}'" for e in entities)
-            + (f" on device '{device_id}'" if device_id else "")
-            + f" share the object_id '{object_id}'"
-            for (device_id, platform, object_id), entities in conflicts.items()
-        )
-        lines.append(
-            "To fix: Add unique ASCII characters (e.g., '1', '2', or 'A', 'B') "
-            "to distinguish the names"
-        )
-        raise cv.Invalid("\n".join(lines))
-
-    return validator
-
-
 # Private config keys for storing registered string indices
 _KEY_DC_IDX = "_entity_dc_idx"
 _KEY_UOM_IDX = "_entity_uom_idx"
 _KEY_ICON_IDX = "_entity_icon_idx"
 _KEY_ENTITY_NAME = "_entity_name"
-_KEY_ENTITY_KEY = "_entity_key"
+_KEY_OBJECT_ID_HASH = "_entity_object_id_hash"
 
 # Bit layout for entity_fields in configure_entity_().
 # Keep in sync with ENTITY_FIELD_*_SHIFT constants in esphome/core/entity_base.h
@@ -367,7 +306,7 @@ def finalize_entity_strings(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     standalone ``var->configure_entity_(name, hash, packed)``.
     """
     entity_name = config[_KEY_ENTITY_NAME]
-    entity_key = config[_KEY_ENTITY_KEY]
+    object_id_hash = config[_KEY_OBJECT_ID_HASH]
     dc_idx = config.get(_KEY_DC_IDX, 0)
     uom_idx = config.get(_KEY_UOM_IDX, 0)
     icon_idx = config.get(_KEY_ICON_IDX, 0)
@@ -387,30 +326,57 @@ def finalize_entity_strings(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     register_method = config.get(_KEY_REGISTER_METHOD)
     if register_method is not None:
         expr = getattr(App, f"register_{register_method}")(
-            var, entity_name, entity_key, packed
+            var, entity_name, object_id_hash, packed
         )
     else:
-        expr = var.configure_entity_(entity_name, entity_key, packed)
+        expr = var.configure_entity_(entity_name, object_id_hash, packed)
     if comment:
         add(RawStatement(f"{expr};  // {comment}"))
     else:
         add(expr)
 
 
-def get_base_entity_name(
+def get_base_entity_object_id(
     name: str, friendly_name: str | None, device_name: str | None = None
 ) -> str:
-    """Return the base name whose hash becomes this entity's key on the device.
+    """Calculate the base object ID for an entity that will be set via set_object_id().
 
-    Follows the name selection in C++ EntityBase::configure_entity_() (entity_base.cpp):
-    entity name, then sub-device name, then friendly name, then the device name.
+    This function calculates what object_id_c_str_ should be set to in C++.
 
-    This is a config-time approximation for duplicate checking: when
-    name_add_mac_suffix is enabled the device appends the MAC suffix at runtime,
-    which is unknown here and identical for every entity on the device, so
-    ignoring it cannot change whether two entities collide with each other.
+    The C++ EntityBase::write_object_id_to() (entity_base.cpp) works as:
+    - If !has_own_name && is_name_add_mac_suffix_enabled():
+        return str_sanitize(str_snake_case(App.get_friendly_name()))  // Dynamic
+    - Else:
+        return object_id_c_str_ ?? ""  // What we set via set_object_id()
+
+    Since we're calculating what to pass to set_object_id(), we always need to
+    generate the object_id the same way, regardless of name_add_mac_suffix setting.
+
+    Args:
+        name: The entity name (empty string if no name)
+        friendly_name: The friendly name from CORE.friendly_name
+        device_name: The device name if entity is on a sub-device
+
+    Returns:
+        The base object ID to use for duplicate checking and to pass to set_object_id()
     """
-    return name or device_name or friendly_name or CORE.name
+
+    if name:
+        # Entity has its own name (has_own_name will be true)
+        base_str = name
+    elif device_name:
+        # Entity has empty name and is on a sub-device
+        # C++ EntityBase::set_name() uses device->get_name() when device is set
+        base_str = device_name
+    elif friendly_name:
+        # Entity has empty name (has_own_name will be false)
+        # C++ uses App.get_friendly_name() which returns friendly_name or device name
+        base_str = friendly_name
+    else:
+        # Fallback to device name
+        base_str = CORE.name
+
+    return sanitize(snake_case(base_str))
 
 
 def setup_entity(var_or_platform, config=None, platform=None):
@@ -469,15 +435,15 @@ async def _setup_entity_impl(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType, platform: str) ->
         device: MockObj = await get_variable(device_id_obj)
         add(var.set_device_(device))
 
-    # Pre-compute entity name and entity key for configure_entity_()
+    # Pre-compute entity name and object_id hash for configure_entity_()
     # which is emitted later by finalize_entity_strings().
-    # For named entities: pre-compute the key from the raw entity name
-    # For empty-name entities: pass 0, C++ calculates the key at runtime from
-    # device name, friendly_name, or app name
+    # For named entities: pre-compute hash from entity name
+    # For empty-name entities: pass 0, C++ calculates hash at runtime from
+    # device name, friendly_name, or app name (bug-for-bug compatibility)
     entity_name = config[CONF_NAME]
-    entity_key = fnv1_hash_name(entity_name) if entity_name else 0
+    object_id_hash = fnv1_hash_object_id(entity_name) if entity_name else 0
     config[_KEY_ENTITY_NAME] = entity_name
-    config[_KEY_ENTITY_KEY] = entity_key
+    config[_KEY_OBJECT_ID_HASH] = object_id_hash
     # Store flags for packing into configure_entity_()
     config[_KEY_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT] = int(config[CONF_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT])
     if CONF_INTERNAL in config:
@@ -590,13 +556,16 @@ def entity_duplicate_validator(platform: str) -> Callable[[ConfigType], ConfigTy
             # Use the device ID string directly for uniqueness
             device_id = device_id_obj.id
 
-        # Hash the same raw name the device hashes into the entity key at runtime.
-        # This handles empty names correctly by using device/friendly names.
-        base_name = get_base_entity_name(entity_name, CORE.friendly_name, device_name)
-        name_hash = fnv1_hash_name(base_name)
+        # Calculate what object_id will actually be used
+        # This handles empty names correctly by using device/friendly names
+        name_key = get_base_entity_object_id(
+            entity_name, CORE.friendly_name, device_name
+        )
 
-        # Check for duplicates: two entities on the same device and platform must not
-        # share an entity key, since the key is what routes state to API clients
+        # Check for duplicates by the FNV-1 hash of the object_id, which is the entity
+        # key that routes state to API clients. This rejects names that sanitize to the
+        # same object_id, and also two different object_ids whose 32-bit hashes collide.
+        name_hash = fnv1_hash(name_key)
         unique_key = (device_id, platform, name_hash)
         if unique_key in CORE.unique_ids:
             # Get the existing entity metadata
@@ -621,14 +590,26 @@ def entity_duplicate_validator(platform: str) -> Callable[[ConfigType], ConfigTy
             if existing_component != "unknown":
                 conflict_msg += f" from component '{existing_component}'"
 
-            # Different names can only clash here through a genuine hash collision
+            # Distinguish names that sanitize to the same object_id from a genuine
+            # 32-bit hash collision between two different object_ids
             collision_msg = ""
             if entity_name != existing_name:
-                collision_msg = (
-                    f"\n  The names '{entity_name}' and '{existing_name}' produce the"
-                    f"\n  same entity key hash ({name_hash:#010x})."
-                    "\n  To fix: Rename one of the entities"
+                existing_object_id = get_base_entity_object_id(
+                    existing_name, CORE.friendly_name, existing_device or None
                 )
+                if existing_object_id == name_key:
+                    collision_msg = (
+                        f"\n  Original names: '{entity_name}' and '{existing_name}'"
+                        f"\n  Both convert to ASCII ID: '{name_key}'"
+                        "\n  To fix: Add unique ASCII characters (e.g., '1', '2', or 'A', 'B')"
+                        "\n          to distinguish them"
+                    )
+                else:
+                    collision_msg = (
+                        f"\n  The object_ids '{name_key}' and '{existing_object_id}'"
+                        f"\n  produce the same entity key hash ({name_hash:#010x})."
+                        "\n  To fix: Rename one of the entities"
+                    )
 
             # Skip duplicate entity name validation when testing_mode is enabled
             # This flag is used for grouped component testing
@@ -640,19 +621,6 @@ def entity_duplicate_validator(platform: str) -> Callable[[ConfigType], ConfigTy
                     f"{collision_msg}"
                 )
 
-        # Components that still address entities by the sanitized object_id reject
-        # colliding names in final validation via validate_no_object_id_conflicts(),
-        # so track every entity by the object_id its name resolves to. Scoped per
-        # device and platform to match the strictness configs had before entity keys
-        # moved to raw names: same-named entities on different sub-devices were
-        # already accepted then, internal entities were already skipped (above), and
-        # overlaps between platforms that share an MQTT component type (sensor and
-        # text_sensor both publish under "sensor") were already possible.
-        object_id = sanitize(snake_case(base_name))
-        _get_object_id_registry().setdefault(
-            (device_id, platform, object_id), []
-        ).append(ObjectIdEntity(base_name, platform, config))
-
         # Store metadata about this entity
         entity_metadata: EntityMetadata = {
             "name": entity_name,
diff --git a/esphome/core/helpers.cpp b/esphome/core/helpers.cpp
index c8cf85d7d6..433d2547b0 100644
--- a/esphome/core/helpers.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/helpers.cpp
@@ -220,6 +220,39 @@ bool str_endswith_ignore_case(const char *str, size_t str_len, const char *suffi
   return strncasecmp(str + str_len - suffix_len, suffix, suffix_len) == 0;
 }
 
+bool str_contains_ignore_case_fallback(const char *haystack, const char *needle) {
+  const size_t needle_len = strlen(needle);
+  if (needle_len == 0) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  for (const char *p = haystack; *p != '\0'; p++) {
+    if (strncasecmp(p, needle, needle_len) == 0) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+// _P mirror of str_contains_ignore_case_fallback above; host tests cover only the fallback,
+// so keep the two bodies in sync.
+bool str_contains_ignore_case_p(const char *haystack, PGM_P needle) {
+  if (haystack == nullptr || needle == nullptr) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  const size_t needle_len = strlen_P(needle);
+  if (needle_len == 0) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  for (const char *p = haystack; *p != '\0'; p++) {
+    if (strncasecmp_P(p, needle, needle_len) == 0) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+#endif  // USE_ESP8266
+
 // str_truncate, str_until, str_lower_case, str_upper_case, str_snake_case moved to alloc_helpers.cpp
 char *str_sanitize_to(char *buffer, size_t buffer_size, const char *str) {
   if (buffer_size == 0) {
@@ -235,9 +268,6 @@ char *str_sanitize_to(char *buffer, size_t buffer_size, const char *str) {
 
 // str_sanitize, str_snprintf, str_sprintf moved to alloc_helpers.cpp
 
-// Maximum size for name with suffix: 120 (max friendly name) + 1 (separator) + 6 (MAC suffix) + 1 (null term)
-static constexpr size_t MAX_NAME_WITH_SUFFIX_SIZE = 128;
-
 size_t make_name_with_suffix_to(char *buffer, size_t buffer_size, const char *name, size_t name_len, char sep,
                                 const char *suffix_ptr, size_t suffix_len) {
   size_t total_len = name_len + 1 + suffix_len;
@@ -258,17 +288,6 @@ size_t make_name_with_suffix_to(char *buffer, size_t buffer_size, const char *na
   return total_len;
 }
 
-std::string make_name_with_suffix(const char *name, size_t name_len, char sep, const char *suffix_ptr,
-                                  size_t suffix_len) {
-  char buffer[MAX_NAME_WITH_SUFFIX_SIZE];
-  size_t len = make_name_with_suffix_to(buffer, sizeof(buffer), name, name_len, sep, suffix_ptr, suffix_len);
-  return std::string(buffer, len);
-}
-
-std::string make_name_with_suffix(const std::string &name, char sep, const char *suffix_ptr, size_t suffix_len) {
-  return make_name_with_suffix(name.c_str(), name.size(), sep, suffix_ptr, suffix_len);
-}
-
 // Parsing & formatting
 
 size_t parse_hex(const char *str, size_t length, uint8_t *data, size_t count) {
@@ -549,7 +568,7 @@ size_t value_accuracy_to_buf(std::span<char, VALUE_ACCURACY_MAX_LEN> buf, float
   }
 
   // Fallback for NaN/Inf/high accuracy/out-of-range
-  int len = snprintf(buf.data(), buf.size(), "%.*f", accuracy_decimals, value);
+  int len = snprintf(buf.data(), buf.size(), "%.*f", accuracy_decimals, static_cast<double>(value));
   if (len < 0)
     return 0;
   return static_cast<size_t>(len) >= buf.size() ? buf.size() - 1 : static_cast<size_t>(len);
@@ -567,25 +586,34 @@ size_t value_accuracy_with_uom_to_buf(std::span<char, VALUE_ACCURACY_MAX_LEN> bu
 }
 
 int8_t step_to_accuracy_decimals(float step) {
-  // use printf %g to find number of digits based on temperature step
-  char buf[32];
-  snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%.5g", step);
-
-  std::string str{buf};
-  size_t dot_pos = str.find('.');
-  if (dot_pos == std::string::npos)
+  // Decimals needed to show the step at five significant digits, trailing zeros dropped.
+  if (!std::isfinite(step) || step == 0.0f)
     return 0;
-
-  return str.length() - dot_pos - 1;
+  float mantissa = std::fabs(step);
+  int8_t decimals = 4;  // decimals needed for five significant digits when mantissa is in [1, 10)
+  while (mantissa >= 10.0f) {
+    mantissa /= 10.0f;
+    decimals--;
+  }
+  while (mantissa < 1.0f) {
+    mantissa *= 10.0f;
+    decimals++;
+  }
+  if (decimals <= 0)
+    return 0;
+  float scaled = mantissa * 10000.0f;
+  auto digits = static_cast<uint32_t>(scaled);
+  if (scaled - static_cast<float>(digits) >= 0.5f)
+    digits++;
+  while (decimals > 0 && digits % 10 == 0) {
+    digits /= 10;
+    decimals--;
+  }
+  return decimals;
 }
 
-// Use C-style string constant to store in ROM instead of RAM (saves 24 bytes)
-static constexpr const char *BASE64_CHARS = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
-                                            "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
-                                            "0123456789+/";
-
-// Helper function to find the index of a base64/base64url character in the lookup table.
-// Returns the character's position (0-63) if found, or 0 if not found.
+// Map a base64/base64url character to its 6-bit value (0-63) arithmetically.
+// No lookup table: a table would occupy RAM on ESP8266 (.rodata lives in DRAM there).
 // Supports both standard base64 (+/) and base64url (-_) alphabets.
 // NOTE: This returns 0 for both 'A' (valid base64 char at index 0) and invalid characters.
 // This is safe because is_base64() is ALWAYS checked before calling this function,
@@ -593,13 +621,18 @@ static constexpr const char *BASE64_CHARS = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
 // stops processing at the first invalid character due to the is_base64() check in its
 // while loop condition, making this edge case harmless in practice.
 static inline uint8_t base64_find_char(char c) {
-  // Handle base64url variants: '-' maps to '+' (index 62), '_' maps to '/' (index 63)
-  if (c == '-')
+  if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z')
+    return c - 'A';
+  if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z')
+    return c - 'a' + 26;
+  if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
+    return c - '0' + 52;
+  // base64url variants: '-' maps to '+' (index 62), '_' maps to '/' (index 63)
+  if (c == '+' || c == '-')
     return 62;
-  if (c == '_')
+  if (c == '/' || c == '_')
     return 63;
-  const char *pos = strchr(BASE64_CHARS, c);
-  return pos ? (pos - BASE64_CHARS) : 0;
+  return 0;
 }
 
 // Check if character is valid base64 or base64url
@@ -710,23 +743,6 @@ bool base64_decode_int32_vector(const std::string &base64, std::vector<int32_t>
 
 // Colors
 
-float gamma_correct(float value, float gamma) {
-  if (value <= 0.0f)
-    return 0.0f;
-  if (gamma <= 0.0f)
-    return value;
-
-  return powf(value, gamma);  // NOLINT - deprecated, removal 2026.9.0
-}
-float gamma_uncorrect(float value, float gamma) {
-  if (value <= 0.0f)
-    return 0.0f;
-  if (gamma <= 0.0f)
-    return value;
-
-  return powf(value, 1 / gamma);  // NOLINT - deprecated, removal 2026.9.0
-}
-
 void rgb_to_hsv(float red, float green, float blue, int &hue, float &saturation, float &value) {
   float max_color_value = std::max({red, green, blue});
   float min_color_value = std::min({red, green, blue});
@@ -808,13 +824,13 @@ void HighFrequencyLoopRequester::stop() {
 // get_mac_address, get_mac_address_pretty moved to alloc_helpers.cpp
 
 void get_mac_address_into_buffer(std::span<char, MAC_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE> buf) {
-  uint8_t mac[6];
+  uint8_t mac[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];
   get_mac_address_raw(mac);
   format_mac_addr_lower_no_sep(mac, buf.data());
 }
 
 const char *get_mac_address_pretty_into_buffer(std::span<char, MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE> buf) {
-  uint8_t mac[6];
+  uint8_t mac[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];
   get_mac_address_raw(mac);
   format_mac_addr_upper(mac, buf.data());
   return buf.data();
diff --git a/esphome/core/helpers.h b/esphome/core/helpers.h
index d883ce146e..a0afb03124 100644
--- a/esphome/core/helpers.h
+++ b/esphome/core/helpers.h
@@ -290,6 +290,7 @@ template<typename T, size_t N> class StaticVector {
   }
 
   size_t size() const { return count_; }
+  static constexpr size_t capacity() { return N; }
   bool empty() const { return count_ == 0; }
 
   // Direct access to underlying data
@@ -809,19 +810,6 @@ constexpr uint32_t FNV1_OFFSET_BASIS = 2166136261UL;
 /// FNV-1 32-bit prime
 constexpr uint32_t FNV1_PRIME = 16777619UL;
 
-/// Calculate a FNV-1 hash over raw bytes with an explicit length. Unlike fnv1_hash(const char *),
-/// each byte is hashed as an unsigned value, so results are platform-independent for bytes >= 0x80.
-/// IMPORTANT: Must match Python fnv1_hash_name() in esphome/helpers.py, which hashes the UTF-8
-/// encoded bytes of the name. Used to compute entity keys from raw names.
-inline uint32_t fnv1_hash_bytes(const char *str, size_t len) {
-  uint32_t hash = FNV1_OFFSET_BASIS;
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-    hash *= FNV1_PRIME;
-    hash ^= static_cast<uint8_t>(str[i]);
-  }
-  return hash;
-}
-
 /// Extend a FNV-1 hash with an integer (hashes each byte).
 template<std::integral T> constexpr uint32_t fnv1_hash_extend(uint32_t hash, T value) {
   using UnsignedT = std::make_unsigned_t<T>;
@@ -994,6 +982,35 @@ inline bool str_endswith_ignore_case(const std::string &str, const char *suffix)
   return str_endswith_ignore_case(str.c_str(), str.size(), suffix, strlen(suffix));
 }
 
+/// Fallback implementation for case insensitive substring comparison.
+bool str_contains_ignore_case_fallback(const char *haystack, const char *needle);
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+/// ESP8266 internal implementation reading the needle from flash — prefer the
+/// `str_contains_ignore_case` macro which wraps needle literals with PSTR() automatically.
+bool str_contains_ignore_case_p(const char *haystack, PGM_P needle);
+/// Case-insensitive check if needle string is contained in haystack (no heap allocation).
+/// On ESP8266 the needle is wrapped with PSTR() so it stays in flash, which requires it to be
+/// a string literal; a runtime needle needs str_contains_ignore_case_p behind #ifdef USE_ESP8266.
+#define str_contains_ignore_case(haystack, needle) str_contains_ignore_case_p(haystack, PSTR(needle))
+#else
+/// Case-insensitive check if needle string is contained in haystack (no heap allocation).
+inline bool str_contains_ignore_case(const char *haystack, const char *needle) {
+  if (!needle || !haystack) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+// strcasestr is a GNU extension: newlib only declares it when _GNU_SOURCE is set.
+// ESP32/host builds get it from their framework or from g++ on Linux;
+// LibreTiny, RP2 and Zephyr do not, so they use the hand-rolled fallback.
+#if defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_RP2) || defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
+  return str_contains_ignore_case_fallback(haystack, needle);
+#else   // defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_RP2) || defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
+  return strcasestr(haystack, needle) != nullptr;
+#endif  // defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_RP2) || defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
+}
+#endif  // USE_ESP8266
+
 // str_truncate moved to alloc_helpers.h - remove this include before 2026.11.0
 
 // str_until, str_lower_case, str_upper_case moved to alloc_helpers.h - remove this comment before 2026.11.0
@@ -1026,20 +1043,12 @@ template<size_t N> inline char *str_sanitize_to(char (&buffer)[N], const char *s
 // str_sanitize moved to alloc_helpers.h - remove this comment before 2026.11.0
 
 /// Calculate FNV-1 hash of a string while applying snake_case + sanitize transformations.
-/// This is the LEGACY entity hash, kept only to reconstruct preference keys that existing
-/// devices already have stored; see https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/85.
-/// With per_code_point set, UTF-8 continuation bytes are skipped so each multi-byte character
-/// contributes one underscore — this matches Python fnv1_hash_object_id() in esphome/helpers.py,
-/// which produced the hash for named entities. The per-byte form (default) matches the old
-/// runtime hash for entities without their own name. Do not change either behavior.
-/// Known limitation: Python's lower() is Unicode aware, so the rare code points it maps to a
-/// different number of characters or to ASCII (e.g. 'İ', the Kelvin sign) reconstruct wrong;
-/// such names skip migration once and fall back to their defaults.
-inline uint32_t fnv1_hash_object_id(const char *str, size_t len, bool per_code_point = false) {
+/// This computes object_id hashes directly from names without creating an intermediate buffer.
+/// IMPORTANT: Must match Python fnv1_hash_object_id() in esphome/helpers.py.
+/// If you modify this function, update the Python version and tests in both places.
+inline uint32_t fnv1_hash_object_id(const char *str, size_t len) {
   uint32_t hash = FNV1_OFFSET_BASIS;
   for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-    if (per_code_point && (static_cast<uint8_t>(str[i]) & 0xC0) == 0x80)
-      continue;  // UTF-8 continuation byte, already counted via its lead byte
     hash *= FNV1_PRIME;
     // Apply snake_case (space->underscore, uppercase->lowercase) then sanitize
     hash ^= static_cast<uint8_t>(to_sanitized_char(to_snake_case_char(str[i])));
@@ -1145,28 +1154,10 @@ inline size_t buf_append_str(char *buf, size_t size, size_t pos, const char *str
 }
 #endif
 
-/// Concatenate a name with a separator and suffix using an efficient stack-based approach.
-/// This avoids multiple heap allocations during string construction.
-/// Maximum name length supported is 120 characters for friendly names.
-/// @param name The base name string
-/// @param sep The separator character (e.g., '-', ' ', or '.')
-/// @param suffix_ptr Pointer to the suffix characters
-/// @param suffix_len Length of the suffix
-/// @return The concatenated string: name + sep + suffix
-std::string make_name_with_suffix(const std::string &name, char sep, const char *suffix_ptr, size_t suffix_len);
+/// Maximum size for name with suffix: 120 (max friendly name) + 1 (separator) + 6 (MAC suffix) + 1 (null term)
+static constexpr size_t MAX_NAME_WITH_SUFFIX_SIZE = 128;
 
-/// Optimized string concatenation: name + separator + suffix (const char* overload)
-/// Uses a fixed stack buffer to avoid heap allocations.
-/// @param name The base name string
-/// @param name_len Length of the name
-/// @param sep Single character separator
-/// @param suffix_ptr Pointer to the suffix characters
-/// @param suffix_len Length of the suffix
-/// @return The concatenated string: name + sep + suffix
-std::string make_name_with_suffix(const char *name, size_t name_len, char sep, const char *suffix_ptr,
-                                  size_t suffix_len);
-
-/// Zero-allocation version: format name + separator + suffix directly into buffer.
+/// Format name + separator + suffix directly into buffer without heap allocation.
 /// @param buffer Output buffer (must have space for result + null terminator)
 /// @param buffer_size Size of the output buffer
 /// @param name The base name string
@@ -1648,15 +1639,6 @@ bool base64_decode_int32_vector(const std::string &base64, std::vector<int32_t>
 /// @name Colors
 ///@{
 
-/// Applies gamma correction of \p gamma to \p value.
-// Remove before 2026.9.0
-ESPDEPRECATED("Use LightState::gamma_correct_lut() instead. Removed in 2026.9.0.", "2026.3.0")
-float gamma_correct(float value, float gamma);
-/// Reverts gamma correction of \p gamma to \p value.
-// Remove before 2026.9.0
-ESPDEPRECATED("Use LightState::gamma_uncorrect_lut() instead. Removed in 2026.9.0.", "2026.3.0")
-float gamma_uncorrect(float value, float gamma);
-
 /// Convert \p red, \p green and \p blue (all 0-1) values to \p hue (0-360), \p saturation (0-1) and \p value (0-1).
 void rgb_to_hsv(float red, float green, float blue, int &hue, float &saturation, float &value);
 /// Convert \p hue (0-360), \p saturation (0-1) and \p value (0-1) to \p red, \p green and \p blue (all 0-1).
@@ -2090,6 +2072,11 @@ const char *get_mac_address_pretty_into_buffer(std::span<char, MAC_ADDRESS_PRETT
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 /// Set the MAC address to use from the provided byte array (6 bytes).
 void set_mac_address(uint8_t *mac);
+
+/// Read the custom MAC address from eFuse into the provided byte array (6 bytes).
+/// Must not use the ESPHome logger (may run before it is initialized); IDF itself may still log.
+/// @return True if a valid custom MAC address was read; on false, the contents of mac are undefined.
+bool get_custom_mac_address(uint8_t *mac);
 #endif
 
 /// Check if a custom MAC address is set (ESP32 & variants)
diff --git a/esphome/core/log.cpp b/esphome/core/log.cpp
index 0da457adec..9fcddfeff6 100644
--- a/esphome/core/log.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/log.cpp
@@ -60,16 +60,6 @@ void HOT esp_log_vprintf_(int level, const char *tag, int line, const char *form
 #endif
 }
 
-#ifdef USE_STORE_LOG_STR_IN_FLASH
-// Remove before 2026.9.0
-void HOT esp_log_vprintf_(int level, const char *tag, int line, const __FlashStringHelper *format, va_list args) {
-#ifdef USE_LOGGER
-  ESPHOME_DEBUG_ASSERT(logger::global_logger != nullptr);
-  logger::global_logger->log_vprintf_(static_cast<uint8_t>(level), tag, line, format, args);
-#endif
-}
-#endif
-
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 int HOT esp_idf_log_vprintf_(const char *format, va_list args) {  // NOLINT
 #ifdef USE_LOGGER
diff --git a/esphome/core/log.h b/esphome/core/log.h
index 72e06cabac..272e516808 100644
--- a/esphome/core/log.h
+++ b/esphome/core/log.h
@@ -68,11 +68,6 @@ void esp_log_printf_(int level, const char *tag, int line, const char *format, .
 void esp_log_printf_(int level, const char *tag, int line, const __FlashStringHelper *format, ...);
 #endif
 void esp_log_vprintf_(int level, const char *tag, int line, const char *format, va_list args);  // NOLINT
-#ifdef USE_STORE_LOG_STR_IN_FLASH
-// Remove before 2026.9.0
-__attribute__((deprecated("Use esp_log_printf_() instead. Removed in 2026.9.0."))) void esp_log_vprintf_(
-    int level, const char *tag, int line, const __FlashStringHelper *format, va_list args);
-#endif
 #if defined(USE_ESP32)
 int esp_idf_log_vprintf_(const char *format, va_list args);  // NOLINT
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/core/preference_backend.h b/esphome/core/preference_backend.h
index b9bb9a0252..5df0804bdd 100644
--- a/esphome/core/preference_backend.h
+++ b/esphome/core/preference_backend.h
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <concepts>
 #include <cstdint>
 
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
@@ -23,13 +24,23 @@
 #endif
 
 // Key-lookup preference backends find stored data by key; their platforms add the
-// USE_PREFERENCE_KEY_LOOKUP define from Python codegen, which enables preference key
-// migration. Slot-based backends (ESP8266, RP2040) instead allocate a storage slot for
-// every make_preference() call and use the key only as a validity tag on that slot;
+// USE_PREFERENCE_KEY_LOOKUP define from Python codegen, which enables one-shot reads
+// of stored data by key (the primitive preference key migrations need). Slot-based
+// backends (ESP8266, RP2040) instead allocate a storage slot for every
+// make_preference() call and use the key only as a validity tag on that slot;
 // migration is not possible there, and key collisions cannot corrupt data.
 
 namespace esphome {
 
+// The PreferenceBackend method surface, asserted on the alias each platform
+// header binds. save() persists len bytes; load() fills dest only when the
+// stored data exists and matches len. Both report success as their return.
+template<typename T>
+concept PreferenceBackendContract = requires(T backend, const uint8_t *src, uint8_t *dest, size_t len) {
+  { backend.save(src, len) } -> std::same_as<bool>;
+  { backend.load(dest, len) } -> std::same_as<bool>;
+};
+
 #if !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_ESP8266) && !defined(USE_RP2) && !defined(USE_LIBRETINY) && \
     !defined(USE_HOST) && !(defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && defined(CONFIG_SETTINGS))
 // Stub for static analysis when no platform is defined.
@@ -40,6 +51,8 @@ struct PreferenceBackend {
 #endif
 
 using ESPPreferenceBackend = PreferenceBackend;
+static_assert(PreferenceBackendContract<PreferenceBackend>,
+              "The platform's preference backend is missing part of the PreferenceBackend surface");
 
 class ESPPreferenceObject {
  public:
@@ -68,6 +81,38 @@ class ESPPreferenceObject {
   PreferenceBackend *backend_{nullptr};
 };
 
+// The preferences manager method surface, asserted in esphome/core/preferences.h
+// on the ESPPreferences alias each platform's preferences.h binds through
+// DECLARE_PREFERENCE_ALIASES. Semantics beyond the signatures:
+// - make_preference: the two-argument form applies the platform's historic
+//   default storage; in_flash=false may fall back to flash where the platform
+//   has no faster storage.
+// - sync: commit pending writes to flash, true on success.
+// - reset: forget unsaved changes and re-initialize the permanent storage
+//   (usually followed by a restart), true on success.
+// The template forms are what component call sites use; PreferencesMixin
+// supplies them, but the derived class's non-template overloads hide them
+// unless it also declares `using PreferencesMixin<X>::make_preference;`, so
+// the concept pins those too.
+template<typename T>
+concept PreferencesContract = requires(T prefs, size_t len, uint32_t type, bool in_flash) {
+  { prefs.make_preference(len, type, in_flash) } -> std::same_as<ESPPreferenceObject>;
+  { prefs.make_preference(len, type) } -> std::same_as<ESPPreferenceObject>;
+  { prefs.template make_preference<uint32_t>(type, in_flash) } -> std::same_as<ESPPreferenceObject>;
+  { prefs.template make_preference<uint32_t>(type) } -> std::same_as<ESPPreferenceObject>;
+  { prefs.sync() } -> std::same_as<bool>;
+  { prefs.reset() } -> std::same_as<bool>;
+};
+
+// Key-lookup platforms additionally provide load_from_key(), a one-shot read
+// of a stored preference by key; see the key-lookup note at the top of this
+// file. Not part of PreferencesContract, so it is asserted in preferences.h
+// only where USE_PREFERENCE_KEY_LOOKUP is set.
+template<typename T>
+concept PreferencesKeyLookupContract = requires(T prefs, uint32_t type, uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+  { prefs.load_from_key(type, data, len) } -> std::same_as<bool>;
+};
+
 /// CRTP mixin providing type-safe template make_preference<T>() helpers.
 /// Platform preferences classes inherit this to avoid duplicating these templates.
 template<typename Derived> class PreferencesMixin {
diff --git a/esphome/core/preferences.cpp b/esphome/core/preferences.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 8508647255..0000000000
--- a/esphome/core/preferences.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-#include "esphome/core/preferences.h"
-#include "esphome/core/log.h"
-#include <cinttypes>
-
-namespace esphome {
-
-#ifdef USE_PREFERENCE_KEY_LOOKUP
-static const char *const TAG = "preferences";
-
-bool migrate_preference(ESPPreferenceObject &new_pref, uint8_t *scratch, size_t size, uint32_t old_key,
-                        uint32_t new_key) {
-  if (new_pref.load(scratch, size))
-    return true;  // Current data present - never overwrite newer data with the old copy
-  // One-shot read by key: no backend is allocated for the old key, so boots with
-  // nothing to migrate (for example fresh installs) cost no heap
-  if (old_key == new_key || !global_preferences->load_from_key(old_key, scratch, size))
-    return false;  // No data stored under the old key, nothing to migrate
-  if (!new_pref.save(scratch, size)) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Pref migration %" PRIx32 " -> %" PRIx32 " failed", old_key, new_key);
-  }
-  return true;
-}
-#endif  // USE_PREFERENCE_KEY_LOOKUP
-
-}  // namespace esphome
diff --git a/esphome/core/preferences.h b/esphome/core/preferences.h
index d24d51164a..ed23dfae56 100644
--- a/esphome/core/preferences.h
+++ b/esphome/core/preferences.h
@@ -45,18 +45,16 @@ extern ESPPreferences *global_preferences;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-no
 }  // namespace esphome
 #endif
 
+namespace esphome {
+static_assert(PreferencesContract<ESPPreferences>,
+              "The platform's preferences manager is missing part of the ESPPreferences surface "
+              "(esphome/core/preference_backend.h)");
+}  // namespace esphome
+
 #ifdef USE_PREFERENCE_KEY_LOOKUP
 namespace esphome {
-/// Copy preference data stored under old_key into new_pref (created for new_key) if the keys
-/// differ and new_pref has no data yet. scratch must hold at least size bytes.
-/// Returns true when scratch holds the entity's current data (loaded or just migrated).
-/// The old entry is intentionally left in place so a firmware downgrade still finds its data.
-/// If saving under the new key fails, callers that consume scratch (like TextSaver) still get
-/// valid data for this boot, callers that reload from the preference fall back to their
-/// defaults, and the migration simply runs again on the next boot.
-/// Only available on key-lookup preference backends; slot-based backends keep their old
-/// keys instead. See: https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/85
-bool migrate_preference(ESPPreferenceObject &new_pref, uint8_t *scratch, size_t size, uint32_t old_key,
-                        uint32_t new_key);
+static_assert(PreferencesKeyLookupContract<ESPPreferences>,
+              "This platform emits USE_PREFERENCE_KEY_LOOKUP but its preferences manager does not provide "
+              "load_from_key() (esphome/core/preference_backend.h)");
 }  // namespace esphome
 #endif  // USE_PREFERENCE_KEY_LOOKUP
diff --git a/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp b/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
index e9c5bf2c04..afb323f78e 100644
--- a/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ void HOT Scheduler::set_timer_common_(Component *component, SchedulerItem::Type
     }
 
 #ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER
-    this->debug_log_timer_(item, name_type, static_name, hash_or_id, type, delay, now_64);
+    this->debug_log_timer_(item, name_type, static_name, hash_or_id, delay, now_64);
 #endif /* ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER */
   }
 
@@ -438,9 +438,10 @@ uint32_t HOT Scheduler::call(uint32_t now) {
       SchedulerNameLog name_log;
       bool is_cancelled = is_item_removed_(item);
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  %s '%s/%s' interval=%" PRIu32 " next_execution in %" PRIu64 "ms at %" PRIu64 "%s",
-               item->get_type_str(), LOG_STR_ARG(item->get_source()),
+               LOG_STR_ARG(item->get_type_str()), LOG_STR_ARG(item->get_source()),
                name_log.format(item->get_name_type(), item->get_name(), item->get_name_hash_or_id()), item->interval,
-               item->get_next_execution() - now_64, item->get_next_execution(), is_cancelled ? " [CANCELLED]" : "");
+               item->get_next_execution() - now_64, item->get_next_execution(),
+               is_cancelled ? LOG_STR_LITERAL(" [CANCELLED]") : LOG_STR_LITERAL(""));
 
       old_items.push_back(item);
     }
@@ -512,7 +513,7 @@ uint32_t HOT Scheduler::call(uint32_t now) {
     {
       SchedulerNameLog name_log;
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Running %s '%s/%s' with interval=%" PRIu32 " next_execution=%" PRIu64 " (now=%" PRIu64 ")",
-               item->get_type_str(), LOG_STR_ARG(item->get_source()),
+               LOG_STR_ARG(item->get_type_str()), LOG_STR_ARG(item->get_source()),
                name_log.format(item->get_name_type(), item->get_name(), item->get_name_hash_or_id()), item->interval,
                item->get_next_execution(), now_64);
     }
@@ -794,7 +795,7 @@ void Scheduler::trim_freelist() {
 
 #ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER
 void Scheduler::debug_log_timer_(const SchedulerItem *item, NameType name_type, const char *static_name,
-                                 uint32_t hash_or_id, SchedulerItem::Type type, uint32_t delay, uint64_t now) {
+                                 uint32_t hash_or_id, uint32_t delay, uint64_t now) {
   // Validate static strings in debug mode
   if (name_type == NameType::STATIC_STRING && static_name != nullptr) {
     validate_static_string(static_name);
@@ -802,8 +803,8 @@ void Scheduler::debug_log_timer_(const SchedulerItem *item, NameType name_type,
 
   // Debug logging
   SchedulerNameLog name_log;
-  const char *type_str = (type == SchedulerItem::TIMEOUT) ? "timeout" : "interval";
-  if (type == SchedulerItem::TIMEOUT) {
+  const char *type_str = LOG_STR_ARG(item->get_type_str());
+  if (item->type == SchedulerItem::TIMEOUT) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "set_%s(name='%s/%s', %s=%" PRIu32 ")", type_str, LOG_STR_ARG(item->get_source()),
              name_log.format(name_type, static_name, hash_or_id), type_str, delay);
   } else {
diff --git a/esphome/core/scheduler.h b/esphome/core/scheduler.h
index 8ef3499a11..56fc83f12f 100644
--- a/esphome/core/scheduler.h
+++ b/esphome/core/scheduler.h
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ class Scheduler {
       // This is correct because millis_major_ that creates these values is also 16 bits.
       next_execution_high_ = static_cast<uint16_t>(value >> 32);
     }
-    constexpr const char *get_type_str() const { return (type == TIMEOUT) ? "timeout" : "interval"; }
+    const LogString *get_type_str() const { return (type == TIMEOUT) ? LOG_STR("timeout") : LOG_STR("interval"); }
     // The owning component, or nullptr for SELF_POINTER items (whose slot holds source_name instead).
     // All component access goes through this so SELF_POINTER items read as component-less.
     Component *get_component() const { return name_type_ == NameType::SELF_POINTER ? nullptr : component; }
@@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ class Scheduler {
 #ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER
   // Helper for debug logging in set_timer_common_ - extracted to reduce code size
   void debug_log_timer_(const SchedulerItem *item, NameType name_type, const char *static_name, uint32_t hash_or_id,
-                        SchedulerItem::Type type, uint32_t delay, uint64_t now);
+                        uint32_t delay, uint64_t now);
 #endif /* ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER */
 
 #ifndef ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE
diff --git a/esphome/core/string_ref.h b/esphome/core/string_ref.h
index 33459f48af..2c7ec914c7 100644
--- a/esphome/core/string_ref.h
+++ b/esphome/core/string_ref.h
@@ -239,7 +239,9 @@ template<typename R, typename F> inline R parse_number(const StringRef &str, siz
 }
 // NOLINTEND(google-runtime-int)
 }  // namespace internal
-// NOLINTBEGIN(readability-identifier-naming,google-runtime-int)
+// readability-non-const-parameter: `pos` is written through by internal::parse_number, one call
+// frame away; the check only inspects these bodies, so it wrongly proposes `const size_t *`.
+// NOLINTBEGIN(readability-identifier-naming,google-runtime-int,readability-non-const-parameter)
 inline int stoi(const StringRef &str, size_t *pos = nullptr, int base = 10) {
   return static_cast<int>(internal::parse_number<long>(str, pos, base, std::strtol));
 }
@@ -252,7 +254,7 @@ inline float stof(const StringRef &str, size_t *pos = nullptr) {
 inline double stod(const StringRef &str, size_t *pos = nullptr) {
   return internal::parse_number<double>(str, pos, std::strtod);
 }
-// NOLINTEND(readability-identifier-naming,google-runtime-int)
+// NOLINTEND(readability-identifier-naming,google-runtime-int,readability-non-const-parameter)
 
 #ifdef USE_JSON
 // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-identifier-naming)
diff --git a/esphome/core/time.cpp b/esphome/core/time.cpp
index b6fc9b90ad..d1ba981e95 100644
--- a/esphome/core/time.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/time.cpp
@@ -114,8 +114,6 @@ std::string ESPTime::strftime(const char *format) {
   return std::string(buf, len);
 }
 
-std::string ESPTime::strftime(const std::string &format) { return this->strftime(format.c_str()); }
-
 // Helper to parse exactly N digits, returns false if not enough digits
 static bool parse_digits(const char *&p, const char *end, int count, uint16_t &value) {
   value = 0;
diff --git a/esphome/core/time.h b/esphome/core/time.h
index 0b67b7b3fc..f58cf20b4e 100644
--- a/esphome/core/time.h
+++ b/esphome/core/time.h
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ struct ESPTime {
    * @warning This method can return "ERROR" when the underlying strftime() call fails or when the
    * output exceeds STRFTIME_BUFFER_SIZE bytes.
    */
-  std::string strftime(const std::string &format);
+  std::string strftime(const std::string &format) { return this->strftime(format.c_str()); }
 
   /// @copydoc strftime(const std::string &format)
   std::string strftime(const char *format);
diff --git a/esphome/core/wake/wake_esp8266.h b/esphome/core/wake/wake_esp8266.h
index 7eaaae5293..73b7a38a35 100644
--- a/esphome/core/wake/wake_esp8266.h
+++ b/esphome/core/wake/wake_esp8266.h
@@ -15,6 +15,13 @@ inline void ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE wake_loop_impl() {
   // Set the wake-requested flag BEFORE esp_schedule so the consumer is
   // guaranteed to see it on its next gate check.
   wake_request_set();
+  // Skip the post when a wake was already signalled and not yet consumed by
+  // wakeable_delay(): esp_schedule() -> ets_post() can enter SDK WiFi pm code,
+  // which must not be poked per-byte from the software serial RX ISR (see
+  // esphome#18409). The flag can stay latched while the loop is awake, which
+  // is intentional; posts are only needed to cut a suspend short.
+  if (g_main_loop_woke)
+    return;
   g_main_loop_woke = true;
   esp_schedule();
 }
diff --git a/esphome/cpp_generator.py b/esphome/cpp_generator.py
index 6bcf4eed77..e6b8c0de42 100644
--- a/esphome/cpp_generator.py
+++ b/esphome/cpp_generator.py
@@ -699,6 +699,11 @@ def add_build_flag(build_flag: str):
     CORE.add_build_flag(build_flag)
 
 
+def add_cmake_arg(name: str, value: str) -> None:
+    """Add a CMake arg for CMake-based toolchains; see ``EsphomeCore.add_cmake_arg``."""
+    CORE.add_cmake_arg(name, value)
+
+
 def add_cxx_build_flag(build_flag: str) -> None:
     """Add a global build flag that applies to C++ compiles only.
 
diff --git a/esphome/cpp_types.py b/esphome/cpp_types.py
index aeaa4480a8..45d6559b3f 100644
--- a/esphome/cpp_types.py
+++ b/esphome/cpp_types.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ std_string_ref = std_ns.namespace("string &")
 std_vector = std_ns.class_("vector")
 std_span = std_ns.class_("span")
 int8 = global_ns.namespace("int8_t")
+char = global_ns.namespace("char")
 uint8 = global_ns.namespace("uint8_t")
 uint16 = global_ns.namespace("uint16_t")
 uint32 = global_ns.namespace("uint32_t")
diff --git a/esphome/espidf/clang_tidy.py b/esphome/espidf/clang_tidy.py
index c91db775a3..9a70f1a99a 100644
--- a/esphome/espidf/clang_tidy.py
+++ b/esphome/espidf/clang_tidy.py
@@ -23,6 +23,12 @@ from dataclasses import dataclass
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
 
+from esphome.build_helpers.idedata import (
+    get_toolchain_includes,
+    parse_entry,
+    reject_launcher_compiler,
+)
+
 TIDY_PROJECT_NAME = "esphome_tidy"
 
 # A do-nothing C++ app: just enough for IDF to configure a valid project. It's
@@ -415,13 +421,12 @@ def _idedata_from_tidy_project(compile_commands: Path) -> dict:
     """
     import json
 
-    from esphome.espidf.idedata import _get_toolchain_includes, _parse_entry
-
     entries = json.loads(Path(compile_commands).read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
     entry = next((e for e in entries if e["file"].endswith("tidy.cpp")), None)
     if entry is None:
         raise RuntimeError(f"tidy.cpp not found in {compile_commands}")
-    cxx_path, defines, includes, cxx_flags = _parse_entry(entry)
+    cxx_path, defines, includes, cxx_flags = parse_entry(entry)
+    reject_launcher_compiler(cxx_path)
 
     return {
         "cxx_path": cxx_path,
@@ -429,7 +434,7 @@ def _idedata_from_tidy_project(compile_commands: Path) -> dict:
         "defines": defines,
         "includes": {
             "build": includes,
-            "toolchain": _get_toolchain_includes(cxx_path),
+            "toolchain": get_toolchain_includes(cxx_path),
         },
     }
 
diff --git a/esphome/espidf/component.py b/esphome/espidf/component.py
index aa6f10c261..bed999656b 100644
--- a/esphome/espidf/component.py
+++ b/esphome/espidf/component.py
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ from esphome.platformio.library import (
     DEFAULT_BUILD_SRC_FILTER,
     ESPHOME_DATA_EXTRA_CMAKE_KEY,
     ESPHOME_DATA_KEY,
+    ESPHOME_DATA_LINK_FLAGS_KEY,
     SRC_FILE_EXTENSIONS,
     ConvertedLibrary as IDFComponent,
     LibraryBackend,
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@ from esphome.platformio.library import (
     collect_filtered_files,
     convert_libraries,
     ensure_list,
+    lex_build_flags,
     split_list_by_condition,
 )
 
@@ -40,37 +42,6 @@ def _idf_framework() -> str:
     return "arduino" if CORE.using_arduino else "espidf"
 
 
-def _apply_extra_script(component: IDFComponent) -> None:
-    """Run a PIO ``extraScript`` and fold its captured env vars into
-    ``component.data["build"]["flags"]`` so the existing -L/-l/-D
-    extraction in ``generate_cmakelists_txt`` picks them up."""
-    extra_script = component.data.get("build", {}).get("extraScript")
-    if not extra_script:
-        return
-    # Resolve and confine to the library's source dir so a malicious
-    # library.json can't escape (e.g. ``"extraScript": "../../etc/passwd"``).
-    source_path = component.source_dir
-    library_root = source_path.resolve()
-    script_path = (source_path / extra_script).resolve()
-    if not script_path.is_relative_to(library_root) or not script_path.is_file():
-        return
-    from esphome.components.esp32 import get_esp32_variant
-    from esphome.espidf.extra_script import captured_as_build_flags, run_extra_script
-
-    idf_target = variant_to_idf_target(get_esp32_variant())
-    result = run_extra_script(
-        script_path, library_dir=source_path, idf_target=idf_target
-    )
-    extra_flags = captured_as_build_flags(result, library_dir=source_path)
-    if not extra_flags:
-        return
-    flags = component.data.setdefault("build", {}).setdefault("flags", [])
-    if isinstance(flags, str):
-        flags = [flags]
-    flags.extend(extra_flags)
-    component.data["build"]["flags"] = flags
-
-
 def generate_cmakelists_txt(component: IDFComponent) -> str:
     """
     Generate a CMakeLists.txt file for an ESP-IDF component.
@@ -85,14 +56,12 @@ def generate_cmakelists_txt(component: IDFComponent) -> str:
     Returns:
         str: The complete CMakeLists.txt content as a string
     """
-    # Late import: this module loads with the esp32 platform on every
-    # validate/compile, but shlex is only needed when generating component
-    # CMakeLists.
-    import shlex
 
     def escape_entry(p: PathType) -> str:
-        # In CMakeLists.txt, backslashes need to be escaped
-        return f'"{str(p)}"'.replace("\\", "\\\\")
+        # In CMakeLists.txt, backslashes and embedded quotes need escaping
+        # (a quoted define value reaches here via the shlex round-trip)
+        escaped = str(p).replace("\\", "\\\\").replace('"', '\\"')
+        return f'"{escaped}"'
 
     def escape_path(p: PathType) -> str:
         # CMake uses forward slashes for paths on every platform and treats
@@ -122,26 +91,12 @@ def generate_cmakelists_txt(component: IDFComponent) -> str:
     build_src_filter = ensure_list(
         component.data.get("build", {}).get("srcFilter", DEFAULT_BUILD_SRC_FILTER)
     )
-    build_flags = ensure_list(
-        component.data.get("build", {}).get("flags", DEFAULT_BUILD_FLAGS)
+    # PlatformIO shell-lexes each build.flags entry; bare -I/-L/-l/-D tokens
+    # re-glue to their argument so the prefix classifiers below route them.
+    build_flags = lex_build_flags(
+        component.data.get("build", {}).get("flags", DEFAULT_BUILD_FLAGS),
+        f"library {component.name}",
     )
-    # PlatformIO shell-lexes each build.flags entry, so one entry can carry a
-    # flag and its argument (e.g. "-include cp_custom_alloc.h"). Split the
-    # same way; emitting such an entry as a single quoted compile option
-    # hands the compiler one argv with an embedded space.
-    build_flags = [token for entry in build_flags for token in shlex.split(entry)]
-    # Re-glue bare -I/-L/-l tokens to their argument ("-I foo" -> "-Ifoo") so
-    # the prefix classifiers below still route them to INCLUDE_DIRS and the
-    # link handling.
-    tokens, build_flags = build_flags, []
-    i = 0
-    while i < len(tokens):
-        if tokens[i] in ("-I", "-L", "-l") and i + 1 < len(tokens):
-            build_flags.append(tokens[i] + tokens[i + 1])
-            i += 2
-        else:
-            build_flags.append(tokens[i])
-            i += 1
 
     # List all sources files
     build_src_files = collect_filtered_files(
@@ -253,6 +208,16 @@ def generate_cmakelists_txt(component: IDFComponent) -> str:
             content += f"  {str_build_flag}\n"
         content += ")\n"
 
+    # Extra-script LINKFLAGS: routed to the link line; in
+    # target_compile_options they would be silently ineffective
+    if link_flags := component.data.get(ESPHOME_DATA_KEY, {}).get(
+        ESPHOME_DATA_LINK_FLAGS_KEY, []
+    ):
+        content += "target_link_options(${COMPONENT_LIB} INTERFACE\n"
+        for link_flag in link_flags:
+            content += f"  {escape_entry(link_flag)}\n"
+        content += ")\n"
+
     # Add custom CMake scripts
     content += "\n".join(
         component.data.get(ESPHOME_DATA_KEY, {}).get(ESPHOME_DATA_EXTRA_CMAKE_KEY, [])
@@ -275,12 +240,17 @@ def generate_idf_component_yml(component: IDFComponent) -> str:
 
     data = {}
 
+    # Metadata only: tolerate malformed shapes instead of crashing on a
+    # third-party manifest (repository may legally be {"url": ...} or a
+    # plain URL string)
     description = component.data.get("description")
-    if description:
+    if isinstance(description, str) and description:
         data["description"] = description
 
-    repository = component.data.get("repository", {}).get("url", None)
-    if repository:
+    repository = component.data.get("repository")
+    if isinstance(repository, dict):
+        repository = repository.get("url")
+    if isinstance(repository, str) and repository:
         data["repository"] = repository
 
     for dependency in component.dependencies:
@@ -299,7 +269,14 @@ def generate_idf_component_yml(component: IDFComponent) -> str:
 
 def _emit_idf_component(component: IDFComponent) -> None:
     """Write the ESP-IDF build files for a resolved library into its cache dir."""
-    _apply_extra_script(component)
+    from esphome.components.esp32 import get_esp32_variant
+    from esphome.platformio.extra_script import apply_extra_script
+
+    apply_extra_script(
+        component,
+        board_mcu=lambda: variant_to_idf_target(get_esp32_variant()),
+        pio_platform="espressif32",
+    )
     write_file_if_changed(
         component.path / "CMakeLists.txt",
         generate_cmakelists_txt(component),
diff --git a/esphome/espidf/extra_script.py b/esphome/espidf/extra_script.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 487fef7cc1..0000000000
--- a/esphome/espidf/extra_script.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,161 +0,0 @@
-"""Run a PlatformIO ``extraScript`` against a captured SCons-env stand-in.
-
-PlatformIO libraries occasionally configure per-target link/build state
-via a Python ``extraScript`` declared in ``library.json``'s ``build``
-section instead of static fields. The script runs under SCons during
-PIO's build and mutates the active ``Environment`` (``env.Append``,
-``env.Replace``, …) — chiefly to set ``LIBPATH``/``LIBS`` per chip MCU.
-
-ESPHome's PIO→IDF converter doesn't run SCons, so these scripts were
-previously ignored and any library
-relying on them failed to link under ``toolchain: esp-idf``. This
-module provides a small shim that ``exec``s an extra-script with a
-fake ``env`` object, captures the common ``env.Append(...)`` calls,
-and returns the captured vars so the caller can fold them back into
-the library's generated CMakeLists.
-
-Caveats
--------
-* Only the ``env.Append`` API is captured. ``env.Replace``,
-  ``env.Prepend``, ``env.AddPreAction``, SCons file generators, and any
-  arbitrary I/O are silently no-ops. Scripts that depend on those will
-  produce incomplete output.
-* Running arbitrary Python from third-party libraries is a non-trivial
-  trust decision. The shim does no sandboxing — anything in the
-  script's process can run. Use only with libraries whose source you
-  trust.
-"""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-from dataclasses import dataclass, field
-import logging
-import os
-from pathlib import Path
-
-_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-# Keys we know how to translate back into ESPHome's build-flag pipeline.
-# Other env.Append kwargs are recorded but ignored downstream.
-_CAPTURED_KEYS = frozenset({"LIBPATH", "LIBS", "CPPDEFINES", "LINKFLAGS", "CPPFLAGS"})
-
-
-@dataclass
-class ExtraScriptResult:
-    """Build-var deltas captured from a PIO extra-script ``env.Append`` call."""
-
-    libpath: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
-    libs: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
-    cppdefines: list[str | tuple[str, str]] = field(default_factory=list)
-    linkflags: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
-    cppflags: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
-
-
-class _FakeSConsEnv:
-    """Minimal stand-in for SCons ``Environment`` exposed to extra-scripts.
-
-    Implements just enough surface area to let scripts query ``BOARD_MCU``
-    / ``PIOENV`` and call ``env.Append(LIBPATH=…, LIBS=…, …)``. Every
-    other env method swallows silently so unrelated calls don't raise
-    ``AttributeError`` and abort the script.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, *, board_mcu: str, pio_env: str) -> None:
-        self._vars: dict[str, str] = {
-            "BOARD_MCU": board_mcu,
-            "PIOPLATFORM": "espressif32",
-            "PIOENV": pio_env,
-        }
-        self.result = ExtraScriptResult()
-
-    # ----- SCons env API the common scripts use -----
-
-    def get(self, key: str, default: str | None = None) -> str | None:
-        return self._vars.get(key, default)
-
-    def Append(self, **kwargs) -> None:  # noqa: N802 (SCons API name)
-        for key, value in kwargs.items():
-            if key not in _CAPTURED_KEYS:
-                continue
-            items = list(value) if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)) else [value]
-            bucket = getattr(self.result, key.lower())
-            bucket.extend(items)
-
-    # ----- Everything else is a no-op so unsupported scripts don't crash -----
-
-    def __getattr__(self, name: str):
-        def _noop(*args, **kwargs):
-            return None
-
-        return _noop
-
-
-def run_extra_script(
-    script_path: Path, *, library_dir: Path, idf_target: str
-) -> ExtraScriptResult:
-    """Execute ``script_path`` with a fake SCons env and return captured vars.
-
-    ``idf_target`` is the active ESP-IDF target name (e.g. ``esp32``,
-    ``esp32s3``); it's exposed to the script as PlatformIO's
-    ``BOARD_MCU`` so chip-conditional logic resolves the same way it
-    would under PIO. The script runs with ``library_dir`` as the
-    process CWD so relative-path lookups (``join``, ``realpath``,
-    ``open``) resolve against the library tree.
-
-    On any exception inside the script we log at debug level and return
-    an empty result — extra-scripts are best-effort, and an unsupported
-    script shouldn't block the build.
-    """
-    env = _FakeSConsEnv(board_mcu=idf_target, pio_env=f"esphome_{idf_target}")
-    code = compile(script_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"), str(script_path), "exec")
-    old_cwd = Path.cwd()
-    try:
-        os.chdir(library_dir)
-        exec(  # noqa: S102 pylint: disable=exec-used
-            code,
-            {
-                "Import": lambda *_args: None,  # SCons-side import; harmless here
-                "env": env,
-                "__file__": str(script_path),
-                "__name__": "__pio_extra_script__",
-            },
-        )
-    except Exception as e:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
-        _LOGGER.warning("PIO extra-script %s raised %s; skipping", script_path, e)
-        return ExtraScriptResult()
-    finally:
-        os.chdir(old_cwd)
-    return env.result
-
-
-def captured_as_build_flags(
-    result: ExtraScriptResult, *, library_dir: Path
-) -> list[str]:
-    """Translate captured env vars into the ``-L`` / ``-l`` / ``-D`` /
-    raw-flag form ``_generate_cmakelists_txt`` already knows how to consume.
-
-    ``LIBPATH`` entries are made relative to ``library_dir`` so the
-    generated CMakeLists is portable; absolute paths outside the library
-    tree are kept as-is (CMake handles absolute paths in
-    ``target_link_directories`` fine).
-    """
-    flags: list[str] = []
-    library_root = library_dir.resolve()
-    for path in result.libpath:
-        # Anchor relative paths to library_dir (not the current CWD, which
-        # has been restored by the time we get here). Joining an absolute
-        # path against library_dir returns the absolute path unchanged.
-        resolved = (library_dir / path).resolve()
-        try:
-            flags.append(f"-L{resolved.relative_to(library_root)}")
-        except ValueError:
-            flags.append(f"-L{resolved}")
-    flags.extend(f"-l{lib}" for lib in result.libs)
-    for define in result.cppdefines:
-        if isinstance(define, tuple) and len(define) == 2:
-            flags.append(f"-D{define[0]}={define[1]}")
-        else:
-            flags.append(f"-D{define}")
-    flags.extend(result.linkflags)
-    flags.extend(result.cppflags)
-    return flags
diff --git a/esphome/espidf/framework.py b/esphome/espidf/framework.py
index 39bf0465d5..9373b5f569 100644
--- a/esphome/espidf/framework.py
+++ b/esphome/espidf/framework.py
@@ -11,23 +11,31 @@ import re
 import shutil
 from typing import Any, NoReturn
 
-import platformdirs
-
-from esphome.core import CORE, Version
+from esphome.build_helpers.ccache import (
+    ccache_defaults_env,
+    parse_enable_env,
+    resolve_ccache_path,
+)
+from esphome.build_helpers.tools_cache import IDF_TOOLS_CACHE, tools_cache_path
+from esphome.core import Version
 from esphome.framework_helpers import (
     PathType,
-    archive_extract_all,
     create_venv,
+    download_and_extract,
     download_from_mirrors,
-    download_with_resume,
+    failure_reason,
     get_python_env_executable_path,
     get_system_python_path,
+    resume_fetch_job,
     rmdir,
+    run_batch_downloads,
     run_command,
     run_command_ok,
     str_to_lst_of_str,
+    tool_version_runs,
+    warn_prefetch_failures,
 )
-from esphome.helpers import get_bool_env, get_str_env, write_file_if_changed
+from esphome.helpers import write_file_if_changed
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -88,22 +96,10 @@ def get_idf_tools_path() -> Path:
     Returns:
         Path object pointing to the ESP-IDF tools directory
     """
-    # Treat an empty/whitespace ESPHOME_ESP_IDF_PREFIX as unset: Path("")
-    # resolves to the CWD, which would install into (and let clean-all delete)
-    # the working directory by accident.
-    if prefix := get_str_env("ESPHOME_ESP_IDF_PREFIX", "").strip():
-        path = Path(prefix).expanduser()
-    else:
-        # Machine-global so all projects share the multi-GB install instead of
-        # a per-config-directory copy. The user cache dir (not ~/.esphome)
-        # avoids colliding with data_dir when configs live in the home dir.
-        # appauthor=False drops the redundant <author>\ segment on Windows
-        # (which otherwise repeats "esphome\esphome\") to keep the path short.
-        path = Path(platformdirs.user_cache_dir("esphome", appauthor=False)) / "idf"
-    # Resolve so an unnormalized config path (e.g. compiling ``../config/x.yaml``)
-    # doesn't leave ``..`` segments in the IDF_TOOLS_PATH handed to idf.py, which
-    # otherwise warns that the venv interpreter path doesn't match the install.
-    return path.resolve()
+    # Machine-global so all projects share the multi-GB install instead of
+    # a per-config-directory copy; see build_helpers.tools_cache.tools_cache_path
+    # for the env-override and normalization rules.
+    return tools_cache_path(*IDF_TOOLS_CACHE)
 
 
 # Windows' default MAX_PATH is 260 characters. ESP-IDF toolchains nest deeply
@@ -458,11 +454,16 @@ def _clone_idf_with_submodules(
 
     key = f"{git_url}@{ref}" if ref else git_url
     _LOGGER.info("Cloning ESP-IDF from %s", key)
-    run_git_command(["git", "clone", "--depth=1", "--", git_url, str(framework_path)])
+    run_git_command(
+        ["git", "clone", "--depth=1", "--", git_url, str(framework_path)],
+        network=True,
+        retry_cleanup=framework_path,
+    )
     if ref:
         run_git_command(
             ["git", "fetch", "--depth=1", "--", "origin", ref],
             git_dir=framework_path,
+            network=True,
         )
         run_git_command(
             ["git", "reset", "--hard", "FETCH_HEAD"],
@@ -697,10 +698,10 @@ def _prefetch_idf_tool_archives(
     which makes large archives effectively impossible to fetch on unstable
     connections (#17703). This asks the framework's idf_tools (via
     ``get_tool_downloads.py``) which archives the coming install needs, then
-    downloads each into ``<IDF_TOOLS_PATH>/dist`` with
-    ``download_with_resume``. The installer then finds the verified archives
-    already in place ("file ... is already downloaded") and never touches the
-    network.
+    downloads them into ``<IDF_TOOLS_PATH>/dist`` with
+    ``download_with_resume``, a few at a time under one combined progress
+    bar. The installer then finds the verified archives already in place
+    ("file ... is already downloaded") and never touches the network.
 
     Strictly best-effort: any failure here just logs and returns, leaving
     ``idf_tools.py install`` to download whatever is missing exactly as
@@ -722,30 +723,69 @@ def _prefetch_idf_tool_archives(
             )
             return
         dist_path = get_idf_tools_path() / "dist"
-        entries = [
-            entry
-            for entry in json.loads(stdout)
-            if not (dist_path / entry["dest"]).is_file()
-        ]
-        for index, entry in enumerate(entries, start=1):
-            _LOGGER.info(
-                "Downloading %s (%d/%d) ...", entry["name"], index, len(entries)
-            )
-            try:
-                download_with_resume(
-                    entry["url"],
-                    dist_path / entry["dest"],
-                    sha256=entry["sha256"],
-                    size=entry["size"],
+        entries = []
+        seen_dests: set[str] = set()
+        for entry in json.loads(stdout):
+            if (dist_path / entry["dest"]).is_file():
+                continue
+            # Never download unverified: an entry without sha256/size is
+            # left to the installer, which fails loudly on a bad archive.
+            # Checked before the dedupe so it cannot shadow a verifiable
+            # duplicate of the same dest.
+            if not (entry.get("sha256") and entry.get("size")):
+                _LOGGER.warning(
+                    "Tool %s has no sha256/size in the download list; "
+                    "leaving it to the installer",
+                    entry["name"],
                 )
-            except Exception as e:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
-                # Keep prefetching the remaining archives; the installer
-                # will retry this one itself (without resume).
-                _LOGGER.warning("Could not prefetch %s: %s", entry["name"], e)
+                continue
+            if entry["dest"] in seen_dests:
+                # Two workers on one .part file would interleave
+                # seek/truncate writes; mirror the library prefetch's dedupe
+                continue
+            seen_dests.add(entry["dest"])
+            entries.append(entry)
+        if not entries:
+            return
+        _LOGGER.info(
+            "Downloading %d ESP-IDF tool archive(s): %s",
+            len(entries),
+            ", ".join(entry["name"] for entry in entries),
+        )
+
+        # No sequential fallback here: skipping the prefetch would lose the
+        # resume workaround for #17703, and every entry has a size (above).
+        # A failed archive is retried by the installer itself (without
+        # resume); keep prefetching the rest.
+        failures = run_batch_downloads(
+            "Downloading ESP-IDF tools",
+            [
+                (
+                    entry["name"],
+                    entry["size"],
+                    resume_fetch_job(
+                        entry["url"],
+                        dist_path / entry["dest"],
+                        sha256=entry["sha256"],
+                        size=entry["size"],
+                    ),
+                )
+                for entry in entries
+            ],
+        )
+        warn_prefetch_failures(failures)
+        if len(failures) == len(entries):
+            # A systematic fault, not one flaky mirror: the resume
+            # workaround (#17703) is off for this whole install
+            _LOGGER.error(
+                "Every ESP-IDF tool prefetch failed; the installer will "
+                "download without resume"
+            )
     except Exception as e:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
         # The installer downloads anything missing itself; never let the
         # prefetch become a new way for the install to fail.
-        _LOGGER.warning("ESP-IDF tool prefetch failed: %s", e)
+        _LOGGER.warning("ESP-IDF tool prefetch failed: %s", failure_reason(e))
+        _LOGGER.debug("Prefetch failure detail", exc_info=True)
 
 
 def _check_esphome_idf_framework_install(
@@ -852,20 +892,13 @@ def _check_esphome_idf_framework_install(
             # a temp file) so an interrupted download resumes on the next
             # run; the cache is pruned after a successful install anyway.
             tarball_path = get_idf_tools_path() / "dist" / f"esp-idf-{version}.tar.xz"
-            download_from_mirrors(mirrors, substitutions, tarball_path)
-
-            _LOGGER.info("Extracting ESP-IDF %s framework ...", version)
-            try:
-                with tarball_path.open("rb") as tarball:
-                    archive_extract_all(
-                        tarball, framework_path, progress_header="Extracting"
-                    )
-            finally:
-                # Success: drop the archive rather than caching ~70MB twice.
-                # Failure: a corrupt archive (e.g. torn by an unclean
-                # shutdown) must not be reused — without a checksum only a
-                # failed extraction can expose it, so force a re-download.
-                tarball_path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+            download_and_extract(
+                mirrors,
+                substitutions,
+                tarball_path,
+                framework_path,
+                progress_header="Extracting",
+            )
         extracted_marker.touch()
 
     # Idempotent post-extract patch: written every invocation so a build
@@ -1020,15 +1053,28 @@ def _check_esp_idf_python_env_install(
             constraint_file_path,
         )
 
-        cmd_pip_install = [
-            str(env_python_path),
-            "-m",
-            "pip",
-            "install",
-            "--upgrade",
-            "--constraint",
-            constraint_file_path,
-        ]
+        # uv (much faster than pip) when available, e.g. in the docker image
+        if uv_path := shutil.which("uv"):
+            cmd_pip_install = [
+                uv_path,
+                "pip",
+                "install",
+                "--python",
+                str(env_python_path),
+                "--upgrade",
+                "--constraint",
+                str(constraint_file_path),
+            ]
+        else:
+            cmd_pip_install = [
+                str(env_python_path),
+                "-m",
+                "pip",
+                "install",
+                "--upgrade",
+                "--constraint",
+                str(constraint_file_path),
+            ]
 
         _LOGGER.info("Installing ESP-IDF %s Python dependencies ...", version)
         cmd = cmd_pip_install + [
@@ -1102,6 +1148,8 @@ def check_esp_idf_install(
     env = {}
     env["IDF_TOOLS_PATH"] = str(get_idf_tools_path())
     env["IDF_PATH"] = ""
+    # uv defaults to 3 HTTP retries; match the pioarduino penv's bump to 10
+    env["UV_HTTP_RETRIES"] = os.environ.get("UV_HTTP_RETRIES", "10")
 
     # An explicit ESPHOME_IDF_DEFAULT_TARGETS wins over the caller's
     # per-variant request (builder-image pre-warm); otherwise the caller's
@@ -1140,8 +1188,10 @@ def check_esp_idf_install(
 def _ccache_env() -> dict[str, str]:
     """Return ccache settings for ESP-IDF compiles.
 
-    Enabled by default whenever the ``ccache`` binary is on PATH; set
-    ``IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE=0`` in the environment to opt out. The cache lives under
+    Enabled by default whenever a runnable ``ccache`` binary is on PATH.
+    ``IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE=0`` opts out and ``=1`` forces it on; when that knob
+    is unset the shared ``ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE`` applies (same 0/1 forms,
+    unrecognized values warn and count as unset). The cache lives under
     the IDF tools path (the machine-global cache dir, or
     ``ESPHOME_ESP_IDF_PREFIX``), so it is shared across all projects and removed
     by ``esphome clean-all`` along with the framework.
@@ -1156,33 +1206,44 @@ def _ccache_env() -> dict[str, str]:
     Only values the user has not already set in the environment are returned, so
     a custom ``CCACHE_DIR`` / ``CCACHE_MAXSIZE`` / etc. is respected.
     """
-    # Honor an explicit choice already in the environment (opt-out or opt-in).
-    if "IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE" in os.environ:
-        if not get_bool_env("IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE"):
-            return {}
-    elif shutil.which("ccache") is None:
-        # ESP-IDF silently skips ccache without the binary; don't enable it.
-        return {}
+    # IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE (the backend-native knob) wins over the shared
+    # ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE.
+    idf_knob = parse_enable_env("IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE")
+    if idf_knob is False:
+        # The raw value (e.g. "disable") is still inherited by idf.py via
+        # os.environ, where a non-false-constant string reads as truthy;
+        # export the canonical off spelling instead
+        return {"IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE": "0"}
+    if idf_knob is True:
+        # Forced on ignores the runnability verdict, but the outcome is
+        # worth saying out loud. Probed directly (not via the resolver,
+        # whose failure message says "compiling without ccache" -- exactly
+        # what forced-on does NOT do): only the truly-missing case means
+        # idf.py compiles without ccache; a broken binary is still used,
+        # since idf.py does its own PATH lookup.
+        if (ccache := shutil.which("ccache")) is None:
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE=1 but no ccache binary is on PATH; "
+                "idf.py will compile without ccache"
+            )
+        else:
+            # The probe warns with this message iff the binary fails
+            tool_version_runs(
+                ccache,
+                "IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE=1 forces on the ccache at %s even though "
+                "it failed to run; idf.py will use it anyway",
+            )
+    elif resolve_ccache_path() is None:
+        # ESP-IDF silently skips ccache without the binary; export the
+        # canonical off spelling so an unparsable inherited value (or a
+        # probe-rejected ccache idf.py would still find) cannot enable it
+        return {"IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE": "0"}
 
-    # ccache is enabled past here. build_path is set during preload for every
-    # config-loading command, so it being unset means a caller built the IDF env
-    # too early -- fail loudly rather than silently drop CCACHE_BASEDIR (which
-    # would quietly cost cross-device cache hits).
-    if CORE.build_path is None:
-        raise ValueError(
-            "CORE.build_path must be set before constructing the ESP-IDF build "
-            "environment"
-        )
-
-    defaults = {
-        "IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE": "1",
-        "CCACHE_DIR": str(get_idf_tools_path() / "ccache"),
-        "CCACHE_NOHASHDIR": "true",
-        "CCACHE_DEPEND": "1",
-        "CCACHE_BASEDIR": str(Path(CORE.build_path).resolve()),
-    }
-    # Don't override CCACHE_* values the user already set in their environment.
-    return {k: v for k, v in defaults.items() if k not in os.environ}
+    env = ccache_defaults_env(get_idf_tools_path() / "ccache")
+    # Exactly one canonical spelling ever reaches idf.py, whatever the
+    # accepted input spelling was ("enable", "yes", ...)
+    env["IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE"] = "1"
+    return env
 
 
 def get_framework_env(
diff --git a/esphome/espidf/runner.py b/esphome/espidf/runner.py
index 7c568db7be..7ed11d7554 100644
--- a/esphome/espidf/runner.py
+++ b/esphome/espidf/runner.py
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ def main() -> int:
         sys.path.pop(0)
     # ---- end sys.path fix-up -----------------------------------------------
 
+    import contextlib
     import os
     from pathlib import Path
     import re
@@ -143,12 +144,14 @@ def main() -> int:
 
         * ``isatty()`` unconditionally returns True, tricking downstream
           code into emitting TTY-format output.
-        * Input is split on ``\\n`` / ``\\r`` via
-          ``str.splitlines(keepends=True)`` and any complete line whose
+        * Input is split with ``str.splitlines(keepends=True)``, which
+          breaks on more than ``\\n`` and ``\\r``; form feed and a few
+          other control characters count too. Any piece whose
           ANSI-stripped, right-stripped form matches one of
           ``filter_lines`` is dropped.
-        * Incomplete trailing chunks are held in a buffer until a
-          terminator arrives.
+        * Only the final piece can still be waiting for more text, so
+          that one is held until a ``\\n`` or ``\\r`` arrives. A piece
+          that ended on one of the other breaks goes out as it is.
 
         Mirrors the matching semantics of ``esphome.util.RedirectText``
         so filter patterns behave identically in both the PlatformIO
@@ -179,6 +182,44 @@ def main() -> int:
         def flush(self) -> None:
             self._stream.flush()
 
+        def _emit(self, line: str) -> None:
+            if self._filter_pattern is not None:
+                stripped = ansi_escape.sub("", line).rstrip()
+                if self._filter_pattern.match(stripped) is not None:
+                    return
+            self._stream.write(line)
+
+        def drain(self) -> None:
+            """Write out a held-back line that never got its terminator.
+
+            idf.py and CMake do not always end their last line with a
+            newline, and a build that dies part way through can stop mid
+            line. Without this the user is left staring at a build that
+            ended with no explanation.
+            """
+            if not self._line_buffer:
+                return
+            line, self._line_buffer = self._line_buffer, ""
+            try:
+                # Add the terminator the line never got, so whatever ESPHome
+                # prints next does not run onto the same line.
+                self._emit(line + "\n")
+                self._stream.flush()
+            except (OSError, ValueError) as err:
+                # We are called from cleanup, so raising would replace the
+                # build's real exit code. Saying so must not raise either:
+                # under the dashboard our stdout and stderr are the same
+                # pipe, so whatever broke the write has most likely broken
+                # the report, and ``sys.__stderr__`` is None on some
+                # interpreters. Carry the line along; it is usually the
+                # message saying why the build failed.
+                if (real_stderr := sys.__stderr__) is not None:
+                    with contextlib.suppress(OSError, ValueError):
+                        print(
+                            f"Could not write out remaining output ({err}): {line}",
+                            file=real_stderr,
+                        )
+
         def write(self, data) -> int:
             # Text streams normally hand us ``str``; decode in case
             # somebody writes bytes directly.
@@ -186,21 +227,32 @@ def main() -> int:
                 data = data.decode(errors="replace")
 
             if self._filter_pattern is None:
-                self._stream.write(data)
-                return len(data)
+                # Nothing to match against, so no need to wait for a full line.
+                self._emit(data)
+            else:
+                lines = (self._line_buffer + data).splitlines(keepends=True)
+                # Every piece but the last ends with something
+                # ``str.splitlines`` treats as a break, so only the last one
+                # can still be waiting for more text. Hold that one, write
+                # out the rest.
+                #
+                # Some of those breaks are not line endings to us, a form
+                # feed for one, so a piece can go out without ending in a
+                # newline. That beats what we did before, which was to stop
+                # at the first such piece and drop every complete line
+                # behind it.
+                if lines and not lines[-1].endswith(("\n", "\r")):
+                    self._line_buffer = lines.pop()
+                else:
+                    self._line_buffer = ""
+                for line in lines:
+                    self._emit(line)
 
-            self._line_buffer += data
-            for line in self._line_buffer.splitlines(keepends=True):
-                if "\n" not in line and "\r" not in line:
-                    # Incomplete — hold until we see a terminator.
-                    self._line_buffer = line
-                    break
-                self._line_buffer = ""
-
-                stripped = ansi_escape.sub("", line).rstrip()
-                if self._filter_pattern.match(stripped) is not None:
-                    continue
-                self._stream.write(line)
+            # We tell idf.py it is talking to a terminal, so it sends progress
+            # bars and cursor moves. Our own stdout is usually a pipe, which is
+            # block buffered, so without this the build looks frozen until
+            # 8 KiB of output piles up.
+            self._stream.flush()
             return len(data)
 
     if len(sys.argv) < 2:
@@ -217,8 +269,8 @@ def main() -> int:
     is_verbose = any(arg in ("-v", "--verbose") for arg in sys.argv[2:])
     filter_lines = None if is_verbose else FILTER_IDF_LINES or None
 
-    sys.stdout = _FilteringTTYStream(sys.stdout, filter_lines)  # type: ignore[assignment]
-    sys.stderr = _FilteringTTYStream(sys.stderr, filter_lines)  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    stdout_shim = sys.stdout = _FilteringTTYStream(sys.stdout, filter_lines)  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    stderr_shim = sys.stderr = _FilteringTTYStream(sys.stderr, filter_lines)  # type: ignore[assignment]
 
     # Shift argv so the target script sees its own path as argv[0] and
     # its own arguments starting at argv[1]. runpy.run_path does not
@@ -236,8 +288,19 @@ def main() -> int:
 
     # If idf.py calls sys.exit(), SystemExit propagates out of run_path
     # and carries the exit code back to our caller. For normal returns,
-    # fall through and exit with 0.
-    runpy.run_path(script_path, run_name="__main__")
+    # fall through and exit with 0. Either way the streams get a chance to
+    # release a last line that never got its terminator. Drain the shims we
+    # made rather than sys.stdout, which the script is free to replace, and
+    # report instead of raising so cleanup cannot bury the real exit code.
+    try:
+        runpy.run_path(script_path, run_name="__main__")
+    finally:
+        # Drain stderr from a finally so a surprise from the first one cannot
+        # strand the second.
+        try:
+            stdout_shim.drain()
+        finally:
+            stderr_shim.drain()
     return 0
 
 
diff --git a/esphome/espidf/size_summary.py b/esphome/espidf/size_summary.py
index 7a5305ff0c..2be3634c69 100644
--- a/esphome/espidf/size_summary.py
+++ b/esphome/espidf/size_summary.py
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ import json
 import logging
 from pathlib import Path
 
+from esphome.build_helpers.size_summary import print_size_line
+
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 _SIZE_SUFFIXES = {"K": 1024, "M": 1024 * 1024}
 
@@ -67,18 +69,6 @@ def _find_app_partition_size(partitions_csv: Path) -> int:
     raise ValueError(f"No app+factory or app+ota_0 partition in {partitions_csv}")
 
 
-def _format_bar(used: int, total: int) -> str:
-    """Match PlatformIO's ``_format_availale_bytes`` (pioupload.py) exactly."""
-    pct_raw = used / total if total else 0
-    blocks = 10
-    filled = min(int(round(blocks * pct_raw)), blocks)
-    progress = "=" * filled
-    return (
-        f"[{progress:<{blocks}}] {pct_raw: 6.1%} "
-        f"(used {used:d} bytes from {total:d} bytes)"
-    )
-
-
 def print_summary(size_json: Path, partitions_csv: Path | None) -> None:
     """Print PlatformIO-shaped RAM and Flash one-liners.
 
@@ -99,7 +89,7 @@ def print_summary(size_json: Path, partitions_csv: Path | None) -> None:
     ram_used = ram_region.get("used")
     ram_total = ram_region.get("size")
     if ram_total and ram_used is not None:
-        print(f"RAM:   {_format_bar(ram_used, ram_total)}")
+        print_size_line("RAM", ram_used, ram_total)
 
     image_size = data.get("image_size")
     if image_size is None or partitions_csv is None:
@@ -109,4 +99,4 @@ def print_summary(size_json: Path, partitions_csv: Path | None) -> None:
     except ValueError as e:
         _LOGGER.debug("Skipping Flash summary: %s", e)
         return
-    print(f"Flash: {_format_bar(image_size, app_size)}")
+    print_size_line("Flash", image_size, app_size)
diff --git a/esphome/espidf/toolchain.py b/esphome/espidf/toolchain.py
index e1688f4170..986f9dfb8b 100644
--- a/esphome/espidf/toolchain.py
+++ b/esphome/espidf/toolchain.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """ESP-IDF direct build API for ESPHome."""
 
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+import hashlib
 import json
 import logging
 import os
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ from esphome.core import CORE, EsphomeError
 from esphome.espidf import variant_to_idf_target
 from esphome.espidf.framework import check_esp_idf_install, get_framework_env
 from esphome.espidf.size_summary import print_summary
-from esphome.helpers import add_git_ceiling_directory
+from esphome.helpers import add_git_ceiling_directory, write_file
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -109,6 +110,8 @@ def _get_idf_env(version: str | None = None) -> dict[str, str]:
     env_cache = _cache().env
     if version not in env_cache:
         env_cache[version] = os.environ.copy()
+        # Do not leak PYTHONPATH into child env
+        env_cache[version].pop("PYTHONPATH", None)
 
         # Use provided IDF framework if available
         if "IDF_PATH" not in os.environ:
@@ -254,6 +257,106 @@ def run_reconfigure() -> int:
     return run_idf_py(*_get_sdkconfig_args(), "reconfigure")
 
 
+def _builtin_component_cache_path() -> Path | None:
+    """Cache file for this build's built-in component list.
+
+    The file lives inside the extracted framework directory so it is
+    discarded together with that exact checkout (re-extract, source
+    override, clean-all); the target and the EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS set name it.
+    The sdkconfig is not part of the key: IDF components register regardless
+    of CONFIG_* options and only gate their sources on them. A checkout
+    supplied through IDF_PATH is not managed by ESPHome and is never cached.
+    """
+    if "IDF_PATH" in os.environ:
+        return None
+    target = variant_to_idf_target(CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_VARIANT])
+    excluded = CORE.cmake_args.get("EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS", "")
+    excluded_key = hashlib.sha256(excluded.encode()).hexdigest()[:12]
+    return (
+        _get_idf_path() / ".esphome_component_lists" / f"{target}-{excluded_key}.json"
+    )
+
+
+def load_cached_builtin_components() -> list[str] | None:
+    """Return the cached built-in component list for this build, if valid.
+
+    Every name must still exist under ``$IDF_PATH/components`` so a stale
+    entry is treated as a miss instead of failing the configure.
+    """
+    if (path := _builtin_component_cache_path()) is None:
+        return None
+    try:
+        components = json.loads(path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+        present = {
+            entry.name
+            for entry in (path.parents[1] / "components").iterdir()
+            if entry.is_dir()
+        }
+    except (OSError, ValueError):
+        return None
+    if (
+        isinstance(components, list)
+        and all(isinstance(c, str) for c in components)
+        and present.issuperset(components)
+    ):
+        return components
+    return None
+
+
+def save_cached_builtin_components(components: list[str]) -> None:
+    """Store a built-in component list that just configured successfully."""
+    if not components or (path := _builtin_component_cache_path()) is None:
+        return
+    try:
+        write_file(path, json.dumps(components, separators=(",", ":")))
+    except EsphomeError as err:
+        _LOGGER.warning("Could not write component list cache %s: %s", path, err)
+
+
+def _write_project_and_reconfigure(builtin_components: list[str] | None) -> int:
+    """Write the full CMakeLists.txt and run the configure for it."""
+    from esphome.build_gen.espidf import write_project
+
+    _LOGGER.info("Writing CMakeLists.txt with the built-in component list...")
+    write_project(minimal=False, builtin_components=builtin_components)
+    # Explicit reconfigure: ninja only re-runs cmake when CMakeLists.txt
+    # is strictly newer than build.ninja, which fails on coarse-mtime
+    # filesystems (#18682). Also keeps idf.py from regenerating memory.ld
+    # in testing mode.
+    return run_reconfigure()
+
+
+def _configure_project() -> int:
+    """Configure the project, discovering the built-in components if needed.
+
+    A cached component list skips the discovery configure. If the configure
+    with a cached list fails the entry is dropped and discovery runs once; a
+    list is only cached after it configured successfully.
+    """
+    from esphome.build_gen.espidf import get_available_components, write_project
+
+    if (cached := load_cached_builtin_components()) is not None:
+        _LOGGER.info("Using cached ESP-IDF component list")
+        if _write_project_and_reconfigure(cached) == 0:
+            return 0
+        _LOGGER.warning("Cached component list failed; rediscovering")
+        _builtin_component_cache_path().unlink(missing_ok=True)
+    _LOGGER.info("Discovering available ESP-IDF components...")
+    write_project(minimal=True)
+    if (rc := run_reconfigure()) != 0:
+        _LOGGER.error("Component discovery failed")
+        return rc
+    discovered = get_available_components()
+    if not discovered:
+        _LOGGER.error("Component discovery found no built-in ESP-IDF components")
+        return 1
+    if (rc := _write_project_and_reconfigure(discovered)) != 0:
+        _LOGGER.error("Reconfigure with discovered components failed")
+        return rc
+    save_cached_builtin_components(discovered)
+    return 0
+
+
 def has_outdated_files():
     """Check if the build configuration is stale.
 
@@ -271,6 +374,11 @@ def has_outdated_files():
       happen without any sdkconfig impact, and ``_write_idf_component_yml``
       already deletes ``dependencies.lock`` on a change but that signal
       gets lost as soon as the lock is missing.
+    - ``exclude_components.esphomeinternal`` -- the resolved
+      EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS set. Excluded components never register in
+      ``project_description.json``, so re-including one needs a fresh
+      discovery pass before it can appear in the builtin-components
+      property that ``src`` REQUIRES.
 
     We deliberately don't watch:
     - The top-level/src ``CMakeLists.txt`` -- ESPHome owns those, and
@@ -289,6 +397,9 @@ def has_outdated_files():
         f"sdkconfig.{CORE.name}.esphomeinternal"
     )
     idf_component_yml_path = CORE.relative_build_path("src/idf_component.yml")
+    exclude_components_path = CORE.relative_build_path(
+        "exclude_components.esphomeinternal"
+    )
     dependency_lock_path = CORE.relative_build_path("dependencies.lock")
     build_ninja_path = CORE.relative_build_path("build/build.ninja")
 
@@ -307,7 +418,11 @@ def has_outdated_files():
     cmakecache_txt_mtime = cmakecache_txt_path.stat().st_mtime
     return any(
         f.stat().st_mtime > cmakecache_txt_mtime
-        for f in [sdkconfig_internal_path, idf_component_yml_path]
+        for f in [
+            sdkconfig_internal_path,
+            idf_component_yml_path,
+            exclude_components_path,
+        ]
         if f.exists()
     )
 
@@ -368,33 +483,27 @@ def run_compile(config, verbose: bool) -> int:
     """Compile the ESP-IDF project.
 
     Uses two-phase configure to auto-discover available components:
-    1. If no previous build, configure with minimal REQUIRES to discover components
+    1. If no previous build, configure with minimal REQUIRES to discover
+       components (skipped when a cached list for this IDF/target/exclusion
+       set exists)
     2. Regenerate CMakeLists.txt with discovered components
     3. Run full build
     """
-    from esphome.build_gen.espidf import write_project
-
     # Check if we need to do discovery phase
-    if need_reconfigure():
-        _LOGGER.info("Discovering available ESP-IDF components...")
-        write_project(minimal=True)
-        rc = run_reconfigure()
-        if rc != 0:
-            _LOGGER.error("Component discovery failed")
+    if not need_reconfigure():
+        _LOGGER.info("Build configuration is up to date")
+    else:
+        if (rc := _configure_project()) != 0:
             return rc
-        _LOGGER.info("Regenerating CMakeLists.txt with discovered components...")
-        write_project(minimal=False)
-        if CORE.testing_mode:
-            # Reconfigure again so cmake is up to date with the full
-            # component list before the build's idf.py invocation runs --
-            # idf.py build would otherwise re-run cmake and regenerate
-            # memory.ld, wiping the DRAM/IRAM patches applied below.
-            # Outside testing mode ninja's own configure-time dep on
-            # CMakeLists.txt handles the re-run as part of the build step.
-            rc = run_reconfigure()
-            if rc != 0:
-                _LOGGER.error("Reconfigure with discovered components failed")
-                return rc
+        # cmake does not rewrite CMakeCache.txt when only properties change,
+        # so restamp it or every build repeats discovery. Only after success,
+        # or a failed reconfigure would be marked fresh. build.ninja is
+        # restamped too so the cache is not newer and ninja does not
+        # re-run cmake.
+        for name in ("build/CMakeCache.txt", "build/build.ninja"):
+            path = CORE.relative_build_path(name)
+            if path.is_file():
+                os.utime(path)
 
     # In testing mode, generate the linker script first, patch DRAM/IRAM sizes,
     # then build. memory.ld is regenerated by ninja during the build phase,
@@ -502,32 +611,15 @@ def get_idedata() -> dict | None:
     idedata fields IDE integrations and clang-tidy expect, cached alongside the
     PlatformIO idedata path. Returns None if the compile DB doesn't exist yet.
     """
-    from esphome.espidf.idedata import idedata_from_build
+    from esphome.build_helpers.idedata import load_or_build_idedata
 
-    compile_commands = CORE.relative_build_path("build", "compile_commands.json")
-    if not compile_commands.is_file():
-        _LOGGER.debug("No %s yet; skipping idedata generation", compile_commands)
-        return None
-
-    cache = CORE.relative_internal_path("idedata", f"{CORE.name}.json")
-    if cache.is_file() and cache.stat().st_mtime >= compile_commands.stat().st_mtime:
-        try:
-            cached = json.loads(cache.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
-        except ValueError:
-            pass
-        else:
-            # Caches written before cc_path was emitted stay newer than
-            # compile_commands.json forever, so rebuild them on the field rather
-            # than on the timestamp. Check the type too: a corrupted cache can
-            # still be valid JSON, and "in" would match a substring of a string.
-            if isinstance(cached, dict) and "cc_path" in cached:
-                return cached
-
-    data = idedata_from_build(compile_commands)
-    data["prog_path"] = str(get_elf_path())
-    cache.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    cache.write_text(json.dumps(data, indent=2) + "\n", encoding="utf-8")
-    return data
+    # No launcher: CMake excludes CMAKE_<LANG>_COMPILER_LAUNCHER (ccache)
+    # from the exported compile database, unlike ninja's compdb dump.
+    return load_or_build_idedata(
+        CORE.relative_build_path("build", "compile_commands.json"),
+        get_elf_path(),
+        CORE.relative_internal_path("idedata", f"{CORE.name}.json"),
+    )
 
 
 def create_factory_bin() -> bool:
diff --git a/esphome/espota2.py b/esphome/espota2.py
index fa15c1dda2..ac4cbeeb7c 100644
--- a/esphome/espota2.py
+++ b/esphome/espota2.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from collections.abc import Callable
+import contextlib
 import gzip
 import hashlib
 import io
@@ -8,7 +9,6 @@ import logging
 from pathlib import Path
 import secrets
 import socket
-import sys
 import time
 from typing import Any
 
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ RESPONSE_ERROR_PARTITION_TABLE_UPDATE = 0x90
 RESPONSE_ERROR_BOOTLOADER_VERIFY = 0x91
 RESPONSE_ERROR_BOOTLOADER_UPDATE = 0x92
 RESPONSE_ERROR_VERSION_DOWNGRADE = 0x93
+RESPONSE_ERROR_ENCRYPTION_REQUIRED = 0x94
 RESPONSE_ERROR_UNKNOWN = 0xFF
 
 OTA_VERSION_1_0 = 1
@@ -63,8 +64,20 @@ MAGIC_BYTES = [0x6C, 0x26, 0xF7, 0x5C, 0x45]
 CLIENT_FEATURE_SUPPORTS_COMPRESSION = 0x01
 CLIENT_FEATURE_SUPPORTS_SHA256_AUTH = 0x02
 CLIENT_FEATURE_SUPPORTS_EXTENDED_PROTOCOL = 0x04
+CLIENT_FEATURE_SUPPORTS_NOISE = 0x08
 SERVER_FEATURE_SUPPORTS_COMPRESSION = 0x01
 SERVER_FEATURE_SUPPORTS_PARTITION_ACCESS = 0x02
+SERVER_FEATURE_SUPPORTS_NOISE = 0x04
+
+NOISE_FRAME_INDICATOR = 0x01
+NOISE_HANDSHAKE_OK = 0x00
+# The device decrypts frames in its transfer buffer (OTA_BUFFER_SIZE, sized
+# as this plus the 16-byte ChaCha20-Poly1305 MAC). 1024 divides the 8192-byte
+# upload block exactly, so blocks tile into full frames with no runt.
+NOISE_MAX_PLAINTEXT = 1024
+# Wire contract: the device sends exactly this reject reason for a bad MAC
+NOISE_MAC_FAILURE_REASON = "Handshake MAC failure"
+NOISE_PROLOGUE_INIT = b"NoiseOTAInit"
 
 # OTA types this client knows how to send. Future PRs that add bootloader/partition
 # updates extend this set. Anything outside the set is rejected up front so callers
@@ -76,6 +89,14 @@ _SUPPORTED_OTA_TYPES: frozenset[int] = frozenset(
 UPLOAD_BLOCK_SIZE = 8192
 UPLOAD_BUFFER_SIZE = UPLOAD_BLOCK_SIZE * 8
 
+# Flaky Wi-Fi links often drop the first OTA attempt, and the device may need time
+# to clean up a half-open connection (its handshake watchdog runs at 20s) before it
+# accepts a new one, so wait between attempts instead of failing the upload outright.
+# Every resolved address is tried once, and this many extra attempts are shared
+# across the addresses on top of that.
+EXTRA_UPLOAD_ATTEMPTS = 2
+UPLOAD_RETRY_DELAY = 5.0
+
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 # Authentication method lookup table: response -> (hash_func, nonce_size, name)
@@ -163,6 +184,12 @@ _ERROR_MESSAGES: dict[int, str] = {
         "enabled: the new firmware's version must be newer than the version the "
         "device is currently running."
     ),
+    RESPONSE_ERROR_ENCRYPTION_REQUIRED: (
+        "The device requires an encrypted OTA connection but this upload has no "
+        "encryption key. Add 'encryption:' to the 'ota: platform: esphome' section "
+        "of the YAML this upload uses, or update your esphome installation if it "
+        "predates OTA encryption."
+    ),
     RESPONSE_ERROR_UNKNOWN: "Unknown error from ESP",
 }
 
@@ -171,6 +198,23 @@ class OTAError(EsphomeError):
     pass
 
 
+class OTANetworkError(OTAError):
+    """Network-level OTA failure (timeout, reset, closed connection); retrying may succeed."""
+
+
+def _committed_error(err: OTANetworkError) -> OTAError:
+    """Wrap a network failure that happened once the device had the full image.
+
+    Past that point the device commits and reboots on its own, so the failure
+    must not be retried; a re-upload could flash a device that already updated.
+    """
+    return OTAError(
+        f"{err} (the device may have already committed the update and "
+        f"be rebooting; check whether it comes back with the new "
+        f"firmware before uploading again)"
+    )
+
+
 def recv_decode(
     sock: socket.socket, amount: int, decode: bool = True
 ) -> bytes | list[int]:
@@ -209,19 +253,22 @@ def receive_exactly(
     try:
         data += recv_decode(sock, 1, decode=decode)  # type: ignore[operator]
     except OSError as err:
-        raise OTAError(f"receiving {msg} response: {err}") from err
+        raise OTANetworkError(f"receiving {msg} response: {err}") from err
 
     try:
         check_error(data, expect)
     except OTAError as err:
         sock.close()
-        raise OTAError(f"receiving {msg}: {err}") from err
+        # type(err) preserves OTANetworkError vs OTAError so callers can tell
+        # retryable network failures from device-reported errors; subclasses
+        # must accept a single message argument
+        raise type(err)(f"receiving {msg}: {err}") from err
 
     while len(data) < amount:
         try:
             data += recv_decode(sock, amount - len(data), decode=decode)  # type: ignore[operator]
         except OSError as err:
-            raise OTAError(f"receiving {msg}: {err}") from err
+            raise OTANetworkError(f"receiving {msg}: {err}") from err
     return data
 
 
@@ -237,7 +284,7 @@ def check_error(data: list[int] | bytes, expect: int | list[int] | None) -> None
     # accept-any-response reads (e.g. feature negotiation, auth nonces) would be
     # silently passed through and surface later as cryptic decode/timeout failures.
     if not data:
-        raise OTAError(
+        raise OTANetworkError(
             "Device closed connection without responding. "
             "This may indicate the device ran out of memory, "
             "a network issue, or the connection was interrupted."
@@ -274,7 +321,140 @@ def send_check(
 
         sock.sendall(data)
     except OSError as err:
-        raise OTAError(f"sending {msg}: {err}") from err
+        raise OTANetworkError(f"sending {msg}: {err}") from err
+
+
+class NoiseSocketWrapper:
+    """Runs the OTA session inside a Noise (ChaCha20-Poly1305) transport.
+
+    Exposes the socket subset perform_ota uses. Frames are indicator 0x01,
+    16-bit big-endian length, ciphertext; recv() drains one decrypted frame
+    at a time, sendall() keeps control units in one frame and splits data
+    at NOISE_MAX_PLAINTEXT.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, sock: socket.socket, psk: str, prologue: bytes) -> None:
+        # Deliberately lazy: the noise stack (noiseprotocol, cryptography) is
+        # only imported when an encrypted upload actually runs.
+        try:
+            from aioesphomeapi.noise import NoiseHandshake
+        except ImportError as err:
+            raise OTAError(
+                "OTA encryption requires a newer aioesphomeapi; update your "
+                "esphome installation (pip install -U esphome) and retry"
+            ) from err
+        # The aioesphomeapi import above already loaded cryptography; bind
+        # the exception once so recv() pays no per-frame import lookup
+        from cryptography.exceptions import InvalidTag
+
+        self._invalid_tag = InvalidTag
+        self._sock = sock
+        try:
+            self._handshake = NoiseHandshake(psk, prologue)
+        except ValueError as err:
+            raise OTAError(f"Invalid OTA encryption key: {err}") from err
+        self._encrypt = None
+        self._decrypt = None
+        self._buffer = b""
+
+    # Only harmless socket controls pass through; byte-moving methods are
+    # deliberately absent so plaintext cannot leak past the transport.
+    def settimeout(self, timeout: float | None) -> None:
+        self._sock.settimeout(timeout)
+
+    def setsockopt(self, level: int, optname: int, value: int) -> None:
+        self._sock.setsockopt(level, optname, value)
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        self._sock.close()
+
+    def do_handshake(self) -> None:
+        """Run the two-message NNpsk0 handshake and set up the transport ciphers."""
+        try:
+            self._send_frame(
+                bytes([NOISE_HANDSHAKE_OK]) + self._handshake.write_message()
+            )
+            payload = self._recv_frame()
+        except OSError as err:
+            raise OTANetworkError(f"noise handshake: {err}") from err
+        if not payload:
+            raise OTANetworkError("Device closed connection during the noise handshake")
+        if payload[0] != NOISE_HANDSHAKE_OK:
+            reason = payload[1:].decode("utf-8", "replace")
+            if reason == NOISE_MAC_FAILURE_REASON:
+                raise OTAError(
+                    "Device rejected the handshake; is the OTA encryption key correct?"
+                )
+            raise OTAError(f"Device rejected the noise handshake: {reason}")
+        try:
+            self._handshake.read_message(payload[1:])
+        except (ValueError, self._invalid_tag) as err:
+            # InvalidTag is a wrong key; ValueError covers a device sending an
+            # invalid curve point, which cryptography rejects during the DH
+            raise OTAError(
+                "Noise handshake failed; is the OTA encryption key correct?"
+            ) from err
+        self._encrypt, self._decrypt = self._handshake.get_ciphers()
+
+    def sendall(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        frames: list[bytes] = []
+        for offset in range(0, len(data), NOISE_MAX_PLAINTEXT):
+            ciphertext = self._encrypt.encrypt(
+                data[offset : offset + NOISE_MAX_PLAINTEXT]
+            )
+            frames.append(self._frame_header(len(ciphertext)))
+            frames.append(ciphertext)
+        self._sock.sendall(b"".join(frames))
+
+    def recv(self, amount: int) -> bytes:
+        if not self._buffer:
+            ciphertext = self._recv_frame()
+            if not ciphertext:
+                return b""  # connection closed at a frame boundary
+            try:
+                self._buffer = self._decrypt.decrypt(ciphertext)
+            except self._invalid_tag as err:
+                # Retryable: a fresh connection renegotiates the session
+                raise OTANetworkError(
+                    "Noise decryption failed (MAC mismatch); frame corrupted or tampered"
+                ) from err
+            if not self._buffer:
+                # Reject MAC-only frames so b"" always means the peer closed
+                raise OTANetworkError("Device sent an empty noise frame")
+        data = self._buffer[:amount]
+        self._buffer = self._buffer[amount:]
+        return data
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _frame_header(length: int) -> bytes:
+        return bytes([NOISE_FRAME_INDICATOR, (length >> 8) & 0xFF, length & 0xFF])
+
+    def _send_frame(self, payload: bytes) -> None:
+        self._sock.sendall(self._frame_header(len(payload)) + payload)
+
+    def _recv_frame(self) -> bytes:
+        header = self._recv_exact(3, closed_ok=True)
+        if not header:
+            return b""  # connection closed at a frame boundary
+        # A malformed frame is a broken transport, not a device error;
+        # retryable so a fresh session is tried
+        if header[0] != NOISE_FRAME_INDICATOR:
+            raise OTANetworkError(f"Bad noise frame indicator 0x{header[0]:02X}")
+        length = (header[1] << 8) | header[2]
+        if length == 0:
+            raise OTANetworkError("Device sent an empty noise frame")
+        return self._recv_exact(length)
+
+    def _recv_exact(self, amount: int, closed_ok: bool = False) -> bytes:
+        data = b""
+        while len(data) < amount:
+            chunk = self._sock.recv(amount - len(data))
+            if not chunk:
+                if closed_ok and not data:
+                    return b""
+                raise OSError("connection closed inside a noise frame")
+            data += chunk
+        return data
 
 
 def perform_ota(
@@ -283,10 +463,10 @@ def perform_ota(
     file_handle: io.IOBase,
     filename: Path,
     ota_type: int = OTA_TYPE_UPDATE_APP,
+    noise_psk: str | None = None,
 ) -> None:
-    # Validate ota_type up front. It travels as a single byte on the wire, and
-    # passing an out-of-range value would only surface as a ValueError from
-    # bytes([ota_type]) deep inside send_check, bypassing OTAError handling.
+    # Validate up front; an out-of-range value would only surface as a
+    # ValueError deep inside send_check, bypassing OTAError handling
     if not isinstance(ota_type, int) or not 0 <= ota_type <= 0xFF:
         raise OTAError(
             f"Invalid ota_type {ota_type!r}; expected an integer in range 0-255"
@@ -297,6 +477,11 @@ def perform_ota(
             f"Unsupported OTA type 0x{ota_type:02X}; this ESPHome supports: {supported}"
         )
 
+    if noise_psk is not None and not noise_psk:
+        raise OTAError(
+            "An empty OTA encryption key was provided; refusing to upload in plaintext"
+        )
+
     file_contents = file_handle.read()
     file_size = len(file_contents)
     _LOGGER.info("Uploading %s (%s bytes)", filename, file_size)
@@ -306,7 +491,7 @@ def perform_ota(
     send_check(sock, MAGIC_BYTES, "magic bytes")
 
     _, version = receive_exactly(sock, 2, "version", RESPONSE_OK)
-    _LOGGER.debug("Device support OTA version: %s", version)
+    _LOGGER.info("Connection established; device supports OTA version %s", version)
     supported_versions = (OTA_VERSION_1_0, OTA_VERSION_2_0)
     if version not in supported_versions:
         raise OTAError(
@@ -319,6 +504,8 @@ def perform_ota(
         | CLIENT_FEATURE_SUPPORTS_SHA256_AUTH
         | CLIENT_FEATURE_SUPPORTS_EXTENDED_PROTOCOL
     )
+    if noise_psk:
+        features_to_send |= CLIENT_FEATURE_SUPPORTS_NOISE
     send_check(sock, features_to_send, "features")
     features = receive_exactly(
         sock,
@@ -341,6 +528,31 @@ def perform_ota(
     else:
         features = 0
 
+    if noise_psk:
+        # Fail closed: never fall back to a plaintext upload when an
+        # encryption key is configured, an active attacker could otherwise
+        # strip the feature flag and capture the image (it contains the wifi
+        # credentials and the api encryption key).
+        if not (extended_proto and features & SERVER_FEATURE_SUPPORTS_NOISE):
+            raise OTAError(
+                "An OTA encryption key is configured but the device did not "
+                "offer encryption; refusing to send the image in plaintext. "
+                "If the running firmware predates OTA encryption, first update "
+                "it without the 'ota: encryption:' block (over a trusted "
+                "network or via USB), then restore the block and upload again."
+            )
+        # The prologue binds every negotiation byte both sides saw, so any
+        # tampering with the plaintext preamble breaks the handshake.
+        prologue = (
+            NOISE_PROLOGUE_INIT
+            + bytes(MAGIC_BYTES)
+            + bytes([RESPONSE_OK, version, features_to_send])
+            + bytes([RESPONSE_FEATURE_FLAGS, features])
+        )
+        sock = NoiseSocketWrapper(sock, noise_psk, prologue)
+        sock.do_handshake()
+        _LOGGER.info("Encrypted connection established")
+
     if ota_type != OTA_TYPE_UPDATE_APP:
         # Any non-app OTA type requires the extended protocol and the
         # partition-access server feature. Reject up front so the user gets
@@ -417,6 +629,8 @@ def perform_ota(
         hash_func, nonce_size, hash_name = _AUTH_METHODS[auth]
         perform_auth(sock, password, hash_func, nonce_size, hash_name)
 
+    _LOGGER.info("Handshake complete")
+
     # Timeout must match device-side OTA_SOCKET_TIMEOUT_DATA to prevent premature failures
     sock.settimeout(90.0)
 
@@ -430,8 +644,14 @@ def perform_ota(
         (upload_size >> 8) & 0xFF,
         (upload_size >> 0) & 0xFF,
     ]
+    # The device erases flash between receiving the size and acking the
+    # prepare, so this window shows the erase cost (near zero when the
+    # device erases lazily during the upload)
+    prepare_start = time.perf_counter()
     send_check(sock, upload_size_encoded, "binary size")
     receive_exactly(sock, 1, "update prepare result", RESPONSE_UPDATE_PREPARE_OK)
+    prepare_duration = time.perf_counter() - prepare_start
+    _LOGGER.info("Preparing for upload took %.2f seconds", prepare_duration)
 
     upload_md5 = hashlib.md5(upload_contents).hexdigest()
     _LOGGER.debug("MD5 of upload is %s", upload_md5)
@@ -449,21 +669,43 @@ def perform_ota(
 
     offset = 0
     progress = ProgressBar("Uploading")
-    while True:
-        chunk = upload_contents[offset : offset + UPLOAD_BLOCK_SIZE]
-        if not chunk:
-            break
-        offset += len(chunk)
+    try:
+        while True:
+            chunk = upload_contents[offset : offset + UPLOAD_BLOCK_SIZE]
+            if not chunk:
+                break
+            offset += len(chunk)
+
+            try:
+                sock.sendall(chunk)
+            except OSError as err:
+                # A send failure can hide an error byte the device reported
+                # just before dropping the connection; surface that as the
+                # real, non-retryable cause when it is available
+                try:
+                    sock.settimeout(1.0)
+                    check_error(recv_decode(sock, 1), None)
+                except (OSError, OTANetworkError) as probe_err:
+                    _LOGGER.debug(
+                        "No device error behind the send failure: %s", probe_err
+                    )
+                raise OTANetworkError(f"sending data: {err}") from err
 
-        try:
-            sock.sendall(chunk)
             if version >= OTA_VERSION_2_0:
-                receive_exactly(sock, 1, "chunk result", RESPONSE_CHUNK_OK)
-        except OSError as err:
-            sys.stderr.write("\n")
-            raise OTAError(f"sending data: {err}") from err
+                try:
+                    receive_exactly(sock, 1, "chunk result", RESPONSE_CHUNK_OK)
+                except OTANetworkError as err:
+                    if offset < upload_size:
+                        raise
+                    # The device already had the complete image when this ack
+                    # was lost, so it may be committing; do not retry
+                    raise _committed_error(err) from err
 
-        progress.update(offset / upload_size)
+            progress.update(offset / upload_size)
+    except OTAError:
+        # Terminate the progress bar line before the error is logged
+        progress.done()
+        raise
     progress.done()
 
     # Enable nodelay for last checks
@@ -472,11 +714,37 @@ def perform_ota(
 
     _LOGGER.info("Upload took %.2f seconds, waiting for result...", duration)
 
-    receive_exactly(sock, 1, "update receive result", RESPONSE_RECEIVE_OK)
-    receive_exactly(sock, 1, "update end result", RESPONSE_UPDATE_END_OK)
-    send_check(sock, RESPONSE_OK, "end acknowledgement")
+    # Once the device has the complete image it commits the update and
+    # reboots on its own; the exact commit point is not observable from
+    # here, so treat everything past the data phase as non-retryable. A
+    # re-upload could flash a device that already updated successfully.
+    commit_start = time.perf_counter()
+    try:
+        receive_exactly(sock, 1, "update receive result", RESPONSE_RECEIVE_OK)
+        receive_exactly(sock, 1, "update end result", RESPONSE_UPDATE_END_OK)
+    except OTANetworkError as err:
+        raise _committed_error(err) from err
+    commit_duration = time.perf_counter() - commit_start
 
-    _LOGGER.info("OTA successful")
+    # Sum of the named windows so the breakdown is self consistent; connect,
+    # handshake, auth, and the one MD5 round trip are not included
+    _LOGGER.info(
+        "Update took %.2f seconds (prepare %.2f, upload %.2f, commit %.2f)",
+        prepare_duration + duration + commit_duration,
+        prepare_duration,
+        duration,
+        commit_duration,
+    )
+
+    try:
+        send_check(sock, RESPONSE_OK, "end acknowledgement")
+    except OTANetworkError as err:
+        # The device treats a missing end acknowledgement as non-fatal and is
+        # already rebooting into the new firmware, so the update succeeded
+        _LOGGER.warning("Failed sending end acknowledgement: %s", err)
+        _LOGGER.info("OTA successful (end acknowledgement not delivered)")
+    else:
+        _LOGGER.info("OTA successful")
 
     # Do not connect logs until it is fully on
     time.sleep(1)
@@ -488,6 +756,7 @@ def run_ota_impl_(
     password: str | None,
     filename: Path,
     ota_type: int = OTA_TYPE_UPDATE_APP,
+    noise_psk: str | None = None,
 ) -> tuple[int, str | None]:
     from esphome.core import CORE
 
@@ -510,8 +779,33 @@ def run_ota_impl_(
         )
         raise OTAError(err) from err
 
-    for r in res:
-        af, socktype, _, _, sa = r
+    if not res:
+        _LOGGER.error("No addresses to connect to for %s", remote_host)
+        return 1, None
+
+    # Every address is tried at least once and EXTRA_UPLOAD_ATTEMPTS retries
+    # are shared across the addresses, cycling through them. Wait before an
+    # attempt when the previous one actually reached the device, or when
+    # revisiting an address, so a flaky link can recover and the device can
+    # clean up a half-open connection (its handshake watchdog runs at 20s);
+    # moving on to the next address family stays immediate. Known limitation:
+    # a silent mid-transfer drop with no reset can wedge the device until its
+    # 90s data timeout, which outlasts this budget; the retries target the
+    # common failures where the device resets or closes the link promptly.
+    total_attempts = len(res) + EXTRA_UPLOAD_ATTEMPTS
+    last_error = ""
+    reached_device = False
+    for attempt in range(total_attempts):
+        af, socktype, _, _, sa = res[attempt % len(res)]
+        if reached_device or attempt >= len(res):
+            _LOGGER.info(
+                "Retrying in %.0f seconds (attempt %d of %d)...",
+                UPLOAD_RETRY_DELAY,
+                attempt + 1,
+                total_attempts,
+            )
+            time.sleep(UPLOAD_RETRY_DELAY)
+        reached_device = False
         _LOGGER.info("Connecting to %s port %s...", sa[0], sa[1])
         sock = socket.socket(af, socktype)
         sock.settimeout(20.0)
@@ -519,23 +813,30 @@ def run_ota_impl_(
             sock.connect(sa)
         except OSError as err:
             sock.close()
-            _LOGGER.error("Connecting to %s port %s failed: %s", sa[0], sa[1], err)
+            _LOGGER.warning("Connecting to %s port %s failed: %s", sa[0], sa[1], err)
+            last_error = f"connecting to {sa[0]} failed: {err}"
             continue
 
         _LOGGER.info("Connected to %s", sa[0])
-        with Path(filename).open("rb") as file_handle:
+        reached_device = True
+        with contextlib.closing(sock), Path(filename).open("rb") as file_handle:
             try:
-                perform_ota(sock, password, file_handle, filename, ota_type)
+                perform_ota(sock, password, file_handle, filename, ota_type, noise_psk)
+            except OTANetworkError as err:
+                # Transient network failure; retry
+                last_error = str(err)
+                _LOGGER.warning("%s", last_error)
+                continue
             except OTAError as err:
+                # Device-reported error (wrong password, wrong flash size, ...);
+                # retrying cannot succeed, so fail immediately
                 _LOGGER.error(str(err))
                 return 1, None
-            finally:
-                sock.close()
 
         # Successfully uploaded to sa[0]
         return 0, sa[0]
 
-    _LOGGER.error("Connection failed.")
+    _LOGGER.error("Upload failed after %d attempts: %s", total_attempts, last_error)
     return 1, None
 
 
@@ -545,9 +846,12 @@ def run_ota(
     password: str | None,
     filename: Path,
     ota_type: int = OTA_TYPE_UPDATE_APP,
+    noise_psk: str | None = None,
 ) -> tuple[int, str | None]:
     try:
-        return run_ota_impl_(remote_host, remote_port, password, filename, ota_type)
+        return run_ota_impl_(
+            remote_host, remote_port, password, filename, ota_type, noise_psk
+        )
     except OTAError as err:
         _LOGGER.error(err)
         return 1, None
diff --git a/esphome/external_files.py b/esphome/external_files.py
index 69423d3999..ff3b5baf7a 100644
--- a/esphome/external_files.py
+++ b/esphome/external_files.py
@@ -1,27 +1,75 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable, Iterator
 from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
 import contextlib
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 from datetime import UTC, datetime
+from functools import partial
+import hashlib
 import logging
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
 import time
 
-import requests
-
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_FILE, CONF_TYPE, CONF_URL, __version__
 from esphome.core import CORE, EsphomeError, TimePeriodSeconds
 from esphome.helpers import write_file
+from esphome.net_retry import fetch_with_retry, http_request
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 CODEOWNERS = ["@landonr"]
 
+DOMAIN = "external_files"
+
 NETWORK_TIMEOUT = 30
 
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
+class RemoteFile:
+    """A remote file to prefetch, yielded in stages by ``PREFETCH_FILES``
+    hooks. A dataclass rather than a tuple so fields can be added later."""
+
+    url: str
+    path: Path
+    # False when nothing downstream can verify the bytes; a copy that
+    # cannot be revalidated is then an error, not a silent fallback.
+    allow_stale: bool = True
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
+class FailedDownload:
+    """What went wrong for a cache path this run, kept for fast replay."""
+
+    url: str
+    message: str
+    cause: BaseException
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ExternalFilesRunData:
+    """Per-run download state, cleared by ``CORE.reset()`` between runs."""
+
+    # Verified fresh this run; later touches skip even the conditional HEAD.
+    fresh_paths: set[Path] = field(default_factory=set)
+    # Served from disk without revalidation; strict callers reject these.
+    stale_paths: set[Path] = field(default_factory=set)
+    # Served under skip_external_update, deliberately unchecked; skips the
+    # network like fresh_paths but never counts as verified.
+    unchecked_paths: set[Path] = field(default_factory=set)
+    # Failed with no usable copy; later touches replay the error fast.
+    failed_paths: dict[Path, FailedDownload] = field(default_factory=dict)
+
+
+def _run_data() -> ExternalFilesRunData:
+    if (data := CORE.data.get(DOMAIN)) is not None:
+        return data
+    # setdefault: first touch may race on download_content_many's workers.
+    return CORE.data.setdefault(DOMAIN, ExternalFilesRunData())
+
+
 IF_MODIFIED_SINCE = "If-Modified-Since"
 IF_NONE_MATCH = "If-None-Match"
 ETAG = "ETag"
@@ -92,6 +140,9 @@ def _write_etag(local_file_path: Path, etag: str | None) -> None:
 def has_remote_file_changed(
     url: str, local_file_path: Path, timeout: int = NETWORK_TIMEOUT
 ) -> bool:
+    # Deferred so configs with no remote files skip the heavy import.
+    import requests
+
     if local_file_path.exists():
         _LOGGER.debug("has_remote_file_changed: File exists at %s", local_file_path)
         try:
@@ -106,8 +157,15 @@ def has_remote_file_changed(
             }
             if etag := _read_etag(local_file_path):
                 headers[IF_NONE_MATCH] = etag
-            response = requests.head(
-                url, headers=headers, timeout=timeout, allow_redirects=True
+            # Retried so allow_stale=False consumers don't hard-fail on a
+            # healed flake. Only connection-level failures retry: HEAD
+            # never raises on HTTP status (servers rejecting HEAD with
+            # 405/501 must fall through to the GET), so 5xx is handled by
+            # the GET's own retry.
+            response = fetch_with_retry(
+                url,
+                partial(http_request, "HEAD", url, headers=headers, timeout=timeout),
+                what="Revalidation",
             )
 
             _LOGGER.debug(
@@ -125,6 +183,9 @@ def has_remote_file_changed(
                 )
                 if (new_etag := response.headers.get(ETAG)) and new_etag != etag:
                     _write_etag(local_file_path, new_etag)
+                # A confirmed 304 supersedes any earlier failed
+                # revalidation of this file.
+                _run_data().stale_paths.discard(local_file_path)
                 return False
             _LOGGER.debug("has_remote_file_changed: File modified")
             return True
@@ -134,6 +195,9 @@ def has_remote_file_changed(
                 url,
                 e,
             )
+            # The copy is a fallback, not a verified 304; record that so
+            # callers that must not use unverified bytes can reject it.
+            _run_data().stale_paths.add(local_file_path)
             return False
 
     _LOGGER.debug("has_remote_file_changed: File doesn't exists at %s", local_file_path)
@@ -157,19 +221,87 @@ def compute_local_file_dir(domain: str) -> Path:
     return base_directory
 
 
-def download_content(url: str, path: Path, timeout: int = NETWORK_TIMEOUT) -> bytes:
+def url_cache_key(url: str) -> str:
+    """Short stable cache key for a URL."""
+    return hashlib.sha256(url.encode()).hexdigest()[:8]
+
+
+def compute_local_file_path(domain: str, url: str) -> Path:
+    """Cache path for a URL-keyed download under the domain's cache dir.
+
+    Pure (no mkdir); parent directories are created at write time.
+    """
+    return Path(CORE.data_dir) / domain / url_cache_key(url)
+
+
+def is_fresh_this_run(path: Path) -> bool:
+    """Whether `path` was verified or downloaded during this run."""
+    return path in _run_data().fresh_paths
+
+
+def download_content(
+    url: str,
+    path: Path,
+    timeout: int = NETWORK_TIMEOUT,
+    allow_stale: bool = True,
+    return_content: bool = True,
+) -> bytes:
+    """Download `url` into `path` and return the bytes, using the cache.
+
+    On network failure an on-disk copy is served with a warning, unless
+    ``allow_stale=False``. ``CORE.skip_external_update`` always serves the
+    copy. ``return_content=False`` skips the disk read on cache hits.
+    """
+
+    # Deferred so configs with no remote files skip the heavy import.
+    import requests
+
+    def _cached() -> bytes:
+        return path.read_bytes() if return_content else b""
+
+    # Memoized paths skip the network entirely; concurrent access is safe
+    # because download_content_many dedupes by path before fanning out.
+    run_data = _run_data()
+    fresh_paths = run_data.fresh_paths
+    if (path in fresh_paths or path in run_data.unchecked_paths) and path.exists():
+        return _cached()
+    if allow_stale and path in run_data.stale_paths and path.exists():
+        # Strict callers fall through to try the network themselves.
+        _LOGGER.info("Using cached copy of %s that could not be revalidated", url)
+        return _cached()
+    if (failure := run_data.failed_paths.get(path)) is not None:
+        if not path.exists():
+            if failure.url == url:
+                raise cv.Invalid(failure.message) from failure.cause
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"Could not download from {url}: an earlier download of "
+                f"{failure.url} to the same cache file failed: {failure.cause}"
+            ) from failure.cause
+        # The file appeared since the failure; revalidate normally.
+        del run_data.failed_paths[path]
     if CORE.skip_external_update and path.exists():
         _LOGGER.debug("Skipping update for %s (refresh disabled)", url)
-        return path.read_bytes()
+        run_data.unchecked_paths.add(path)
+        return _cached()
     if not has_remote_file_changed(url, path, timeout):
+        if path in run_data.stale_paths:
+            # The HEAD fell back to the copy without confirming it.
+            if not allow_stale:
+                raise cv.Invalid(
+                    f"Could not check {url} for updates due to a network error "
+                    f"and the cached copy cannot be verified"
+                )
+            return _cached()
         _LOGGER.debug("Remote file has not changed %s", url)
-        return path.read_bytes()
+        fresh_paths.add(path)
+        return _cached()
 
     _LOGGER.info("Downloading %s", url)
     _LOGGER.debug("Saving to %s", path)
 
-    try:
-        req = requests.get(
+    def _fetch() -> tuple[requests.Response, bytes]:
+        req = http_request(
+            "GET",
             url,
             timeout=timeout,
             headers={"User-agent": f"ESPHome/{__version__} (https://esphome.io)"},
@@ -179,19 +311,30 @@ def download_content(url: str, path: Path, timeout: int = NETWORK_TIMEOUT) -> by
         # and mid-stream connection errors all surface here as
         # RequestException subclasses, so this needs the same fall-back
         # treatment as the request itself.
-        data = req.content
+        return req, req.content
+
+    try:
+        req, data = fetch_with_retry(url, _fetch)
     except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
         if path.exists():
+            # Memoized so a flaky host warns once per run, not per consumer.
+            run_data.stale_paths.add(path)
+            if not allow_stale:
+                raise cv.Invalid(f"Could not download from {url}: {e}") from e
             _LOGGER.warning(
                 "Could not download from %s due to network error (%s), using cached file",
                 url,
                 e,
             )
-            return path.read_bytes()
-        raise cv.Invalid(f"Could not download from {url}: {e}") from e
+            return _cached()
+        message = f"Could not download from {url}: {e}"
+        run_data.failed_paths[path] = FailedDownload(url, message, e)
+        raise cv.Invalid(message) from e
 
     write_file(path, data)
     _write_etag(path, req.headers.get(ETAG))
+    fresh_paths.add(path)
+    run_data.stale_paths.discard(path)
     return data
 
 
@@ -204,49 +347,46 @@ DEFAULT_DOWNLOAD_WORKERS = 8
 
 
 def download_content_many(
-    items: Iterable[tuple[str, Path]],
+    items: Iterable[RemoteFile],
     timeout: int = NETWORK_TIMEOUT,
     max_workers: int = DEFAULT_DOWNLOAD_WORKERS,
     description: str = "remote file(s)",
 ) -> None:
-    """Run `download_content` for each (url, path) pair concurrently.
+    """Run `download_content` for each `RemoteFile` concurrently.
 
-    `description` names the kind of files in the progress log line, e.g.
-    "wake word manifest(s)".
-
-    Wall time drops from `sum(latency)` to roughly `max(latency)` for cached
-    files where the HEAD round-trip dominates. All workers run to
-    completion before this returns; every `cv.Invalid` raised by a worker
-    is collected and surfaced together as `cv.MultipleInvalid` so the user
-    sees every broken file in a single validation pass instead of fixing
-    them one round-trip at a time.
-
-    Items are de-duplicated by `path` -- two callers asking for the same
-    cache file (e.g. the same URL referenced twice in a config) would
-    otherwise race on `download_content`'s non-atomic write. When the
-    same `path` appears more than once, the last URL wins (standard dict
-    comprehension semantics); in practice duplicate paths only arise when
-    the URL is duplicated, so the choice doesn't matter.
+    `description` names the files in the progress log line. All workers run
+    to completion; every `cv.Invalid` raised is surfaced together as
+    `cv.MultipleInvalid`. Items dedupe by `path` (avoiding write races on
+    the same cache file); the last URL wins and a strict
+    `allow_stale=False` from any duplicate is kept.
     """
-    seen: dict[Path, str] = {path: url for url, path in items}
-    if not seen:
+    seen: dict[Path, RemoteFile] = {}
+    for file in items:
+        if (prior := seen.get(file.path)) is not None and not prior.allow_stale:
+            file = RemoteFile(file.url, file.path, allow_stale=False)
+        seen[file.path] = file
+    unique = list(seen.values())
+    if not unique:
         return
-    _LOGGER.info("Checking %d %s for updates", len(seen), description)
-    if len(seen) == 1:
-        path, url = next(iter(seen.items()))
-        download_content(url, path, timeout)
+    _LOGGER.info("Checking %d %s for updates", len(unique), description)
+
+    def _download_one(file: RemoteFile) -> None:
+        download_content(
+            file.url,
+            file.path,
+            timeout,
+            allow_stale=file.allow_stale,
+            return_content=False,
+        )
+
+    if len(unique) == 1:
+        _download_one(unique[0])
         return
 
-    def _download_one(path_url: tuple[Path, str]) -> None:
-        # `seen` stores entries as (path, url) so the dict can dedupe by
-        # path; flip them back to download_content's (url, path) order.
-        path, url = path_url
-        download_content(url, path, timeout)
-
-    workers = max(1, min(max_workers, len(seen)))
+    workers = max(1, min(max_workers, len(unique)))
     errors: list[cv.Invalid] = []
     with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=workers) as ex:
-        futures = [ex.submit(_download_one, item) for item in seen.items()]
+        futures = [ex.submit(_download_one, file) for file in unique]
         for future in futures:
             try:
                 future.result()
@@ -259,6 +399,21 @@ def download_content_many(
     raise cv.MultipleInvalid(errors)
 
 
+def single_stage_prefetch(
+    extract: Callable[[ConfigType], RemoteFile | None],
+) -> Callable[[list[ConfigType]], Iterator[list[RemoteFile]]]:
+    """Build a one-batch ``PREFETCH_FILES`` hook from a per-entry extractor.
+
+    Covers the common case of one remote file per raw config entry;
+    components with staged downloads write their own generator.
+    """
+
+    def prefetch_files(entries: list[ConfigType]) -> Iterator[list[RemoteFile]]:
+        yield [ref for entry in entries if (ref := extract(entry)) is not None]
+
+    return prefetch_files
+
+
 # Each component that uses external_files defines its own local
 # `TYPE_WEB = "web"`; the string is repeated here rather than imported
 # because there is no canonical `TYPE_WEB` in `esphome.const` to share.
@@ -278,7 +433,7 @@ def download_web_files_in_config(
     slotted directly into a `cv.All(...)` chain.
     """
     download_content_many(
-        (conf_file[CONF_URL], path_for(conf_file))
+        RemoteFile(conf_file[CONF_URL], path_for(conf_file))
         for entry in config
         if (conf_file := entry.get(CONF_FILE, {})).get(CONF_TYPE) == WEB_TYPE
     )
diff --git a/esphome/framework_helpers.py b/esphome/framework_helpers.py
index 202d4a2bfb..82bc0d3727 100644
--- a/esphome/framework_helpers.py
+++ b/esphome/framework_helpers.py
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 """Generic toolchain installation helpers shared across framework implementations."""
 
-from collections.abc import Iterable
-from contextlib import ExitStack
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable, Iterator
+from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
+from contextlib import ExitStack, contextmanager, suppress
 import hashlib
 import io
 import json
@@ -10,10 +11,16 @@ import os
 from pathlib import Path
 import subprocess
 import sys
+import threading
 import time
 from typing import IO, TYPE_CHECKING
 
 from esphome.helpers import ProgressBar, rmtree
+from esphome.net_retry import (
+    NETWORK_MAX_ATTEMPTS,
+    http_request,
+    is_transient_download_error,
+)
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     import requests
@@ -22,11 +29,17 @@ PathType = str | os.PathLike
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
+
 # Attempts per mirror URL before falling through to the next mirror; only
 # mid-stream drops retry (resuming when the server gave a validator),
-# connect errors move on immediately.
+# connect errors move on to the next mirror immediately.
 _MIRROR_ATTEMPTS = 3
 
+# Passes over the whole mirror list when a transient network error is in
+# the mix; shares net_retry's policy (3 tries, 2s/4s backoff), which in
+# turn matches git.py's _NETWORK_MAX_ATTEMPTS.
+_MIRROR_SWEEP_ATTEMPTS = NETWORK_MAX_ATTEMPTS
+
 
 def get_project_link_flags() -> list[str]:
     """Return the sorted -Wl, linker flags from the current build."""
@@ -150,6 +163,8 @@ def run_command(
         _LOGGER.debug("%s - running ...", cmd_str)
 
         run_env = os.environ.copy()
+        # Do not leak PYTHONPATH
+        run_env.pop("PYTHONPATH", None)
         if env:
             run_env.update(env)
 
@@ -189,6 +204,30 @@ def run_command(
         return False, None, None
 
 
+def tool_version_runs(binary: str, warning: str) -> bool:
+    """Probe ``binary --version``; on failure warn with ``warning`` % binary.
+
+    ``shutil.which`` proves existence, not runnability (Windows .bat/.cmd
+    shims, stale package-manager shims).
+    """
+    try:
+        subprocess.run(
+            [binary, "--version"],
+            check=True,
+            stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+            stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+            timeout=15,
+            # Repo-wide convention (posix_spawn fast path)
+            close_fds=False,
+        )
+    except (OSError, subprocess.SubprocessError) as err:
+        # The cause (permission denied, missing DLL, timeout) is the one
+        # detail the user needs to fix it
+        _LOGGER.warning("%s (%s)", warning % binary, err)
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
 def run_command_ok(*args, **kwargs) -> bool:
     """
     Execute a command and return only the success status.
@@ -588,12 +627,10 @@ def _open_ranged(
     Raises on connect errors and HTTP error statuses; the response is closed
     on failure.
     """
-    import requests
-
     headers = {"Range": f"bytes={offset}-"} if offset else {}
     if offset and validator:
         headers["If-Range"] = validator
-    resp = requests.get(url, stream=True, timeout=timeout, headers=headers)
+    resp = http_request("GET", url, stream=True, timeout=timeout, headers=headers)
     if offset and resp.status_code == 416:
         resp.close()
         return None, offset
@@ -664,7 +701,7 @@ def _write_download_meta(
         _LOGGER.debug("Could not update download metadata %s: %s", meta, e)
 
 
-def _content_length(resp: "requests.Response") -> int:
+def content_length(resp: "requests.Response") -> int:
     """Return the response's Content-Length, or 0 when absent or malformed.
 
     0 means "unknown", which downstream disables the progress bar and the
@@ -690,7 +727,11 @@ def _response_validator(resp: "requests.Response") -> str | None:
 
 
 def _stream_response_to_file(
-    resp: "requests.Response", f: IO[bytes], offset: int, size: int | None = None
+    resp: "requests.Response",
+    f: IO[bytes],
+    offset: int,
+    size: int | None = None,
+    progress: Callable[[int], None] | None = None,
 ) -> None:
     """Stream an open ``_open_ranged`` response body into ``f`` at ``offset``.
 
@@ -698,21 +739,225 @@ def _stream_response_to_file(
     (effective offset 0) discards the stale bytes. ``offset`` also seeds the
     progress bar so a resumed download shows overall progress. ``size`` is
     the known full file size; when None it is derived from the response's
-    content-length, and without either there is no progress bar.
+    content-length, and without either there is no bar. With ``progress``
+    set no bar is drawn here; the callback gets the absolute byte count.
     """
     f.seek(offset)
     f.truncate(offset)
-    total_size = size or offset + _content_length(resp)
+    total_size = size or offset + content_length(resp)
     downloaded = offset
-    progress = ProgressBar("Downloading") if total_size > 0 else None
+    own_bar: ProgressBar | None = None
+    if progress is None:
+        own_bar = ProgressBar("Downloading") if total_size > 0 else None
+        progress = (
+            (lambda done: own_bar.update(done / total_size))
+            if own_bar
+            else (lambda _: None)
+        )
+    progress(downloaded)
     for chunk in resp.iter_content(chunk_size=256 * 1024):
         if chunk:
             f.write(chunk)
             downloaded += len(chunk)
-        if progress is not None:
-            progress.update(downloaded / total_size)
-    if progress is not None:
-        progress.update(1)
+        progress(downloaded)
+    if own_bar is not None:
+        own_bar.update(1)
+
+
+# Concurrent downloads per batch; enough to hide latency without
+# hammering the host or the mirrors.
+BATCH_DOWNLOAD_WORKERS = 4
+
+
+def run_batch_downloads(
+    header: str,
+    jobs: list[tuple[str, int, Callable[[Callable[[int], None]], None]]],
+    max_workers: int = BATCH_DOWNLOAD_WORKERS,
+) -> list[tuple[str, BaseException]]:
+    """Run ``(name, size, fetch)`` download jobs concurrently under one bar.
+
+    Each ``fetch(tracker)`` reports absolute byte counts; the bar total is
+    the sum of the sizes. Failures are returned after the bar is done so
+    warnings never land on its row. Ctrl-C drops queued jobs and aborts
+    in-flight ones at their next progress tick or backoff boundary (a
+    parked socket read defers that by its timeout, and an in-progress
+    archive extraction runs to completion); resumable destinations
+    (``download_with_resume``) keep their fetched ``.part`` bytes.
+    ``jobs`` must be non-empty.
+    """
+    progress = _BatchDownloadProgress(header, sum(size for _, size, _ in jobs))
+    cancelled = threading.Event()
+
+    def _run(
+        name: str, fetch: Callable[[Callable[[int], None]], None]
+    ) -> tuple[str, BaseException] | None:
+        tracker = progress.tracker()
+
+        def checked(done: int) -> None:
+            if cancelled.is_set():
+                raise _BatchDownloadCancelled
+            tracker(done)
+
+        try:
+            fetch(checked)
+        except (_BatchDownloadCancelled, Exception) as err:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
+            # The cancelled arm exists for the tracker rollback below; the
+            # batch re-raises the interrupt, so the list is never returned
+            # after Ctrl-C. A bar-frame write failure must not displace the
+            # download error.
+            with suppress(Exception):
+                tracker(0)
+            failure = (name, err)
+        else:
+            failure = None
+        return failure
+
+    ex = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=max_workers)
+    try:
+        with progress.logging_guard():
+            futures = [ex.submit(_run, name, fetch) for name, _, fetch in jobs]
+            return [failure for f in futures if (failure := f.result()) is not None]
+    except BaseException:
+        # Without this the non-daemon workers download to completion before
+        # the interpreter can exit, making Ctrl-C ineffective for minutes
+        cancelled.set()
+        raise
+    finally:
+        ex.shutdown(wait=True, cancel_futures=True)
+        progress.done()
+
+
+class _BatchDownloadCancelled(BaseException):
+    """Raised inside a download job to abandon it after Ctrl-C.
+
+    BaseException, like KeyboardInterrupt: a broad ``except Exception`` in
+    the download layers must not convert an abort into a retry.
+    """
+
+
+class _BatchDownloadProgress:
+    """One bar across several concurrent downloads, summing tracker bytes.
+
+    The lock also serialises stderr writes so workers never interleave
+    frames; a ``total`` of 0 draws nothing. Call ``done()`` at the end so a
+    bar short of 100% still ends its line.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, header: str, total: int) -> None:
+        self._bar = ProgressBar(header) if total > 0 else None
+        self._total = total
+        self._sum = 0
+        self._lock = threading.Lock()
+
+    def tracker(self) -> Callable[[int], None]:
+        if self._bar is None:
+            return lambda _: None
+        last = 0
+
+        def update(done: int) -> None:
+            nonlocal last
+            with self._lock:
+                self._sum += done - last
+                last = done
+                # A bar-write failure (broken stderr pipe) must not surface
+                # as a download failure and cost the .part file
+                with suppress(Exception):
+                    self._bar.update(min(self._sum / self._total, 1))
+
+        return update
+
+    def done(self) -> None:
+        if self._bar is not None:
+            self._bar.done()
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def logging_guard(self) -> Iterator[None]:
+        r"""End a partial bar row before any log record while active.
+
+        Worker warnings (mirror retries) share stderr with the bar's \r
+        frames; without this the record lands mid-row and the next frame
+        overwrites it. A handler-level filter runs just before emit, so
+        only a tiny window remains for a concurrent frame.
+        """
+        the_bar = self._bar
+        if the_bar is None:
+            yield
+            return
+        lock = self._lock
+
+        class _EndRow(logging.Filter):
+            def filter(self, record: logging.LogRecord) -> bool:
+                # Handler.handle() runs filters outside handleError's try; a
+                # stderr write failure must not escape through the log call
+                with lock, suppress(Exception):
+                    the_bar.interrupt()
+                return True
+
+        end_row = _EndRow()
+        handlers = logging.getLogger().handlers
+        for handler in handlers:
+            handler.addFilter(end_row)
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            for handler in handlers:
+                handler.removeFilter(end_row)
+
+
+def _part_path(dest: Path) -> Path:
+    """The in-progress sidecar ``download_with_resume`` streams into."""
+    return dest.with_name(dest.name + ".part")
+
+
+def discard_partial_download(dest: Path) -> None:
+    """Remove ``dest`` and the resume sidecars of an abandoned download."""
+    part = _part_path(dest)
+    for stale in (dest, part, part.with_name(part.name + ".meta")):
+        try:
+            stale.unlink()
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            continue
+        except OSError as err:
+            # The caller's cache is never pruned; leave a trace
+            _LOGGER.debug("Could not remove %s: %s", stale, err)
+
+
+def _cancellable_sleep(
+    delay: float, progress: Callable[[int], None] | None, done: int
+) -> None:
+    """Backoff sleep that still observes a batch cancellation tick."""
+    if progress is None:
+        time.sleep(delay)
+        return
+    end = time.monotonic() + delay
+    while (remaining := end - time.monotonic()) > 0:
+        progress(done)  # raises when the batch was cancelled
+        time.sleep(min(0.5, remaining))
+
+
+def resume_fetch_job(
+    url: str, dest: PathType, **kwargs
+) -> Callable[[Callable[[int], None]], None]:
+    """A ``run_batch_downloads`` job callable wrapping ``download_with_resume``.
+
+    Forwards the runner's positional tracker as the ``progress`` keyword.
+    """
+
+    def fetch(tracker: Callable[[int], None]) -> None:
+        download_with_resume(url, dest, progress=tracker, **kwargs)
+
+    return fetch
+
+
+def warn_prefetch_failures(
+    failures: list[tuple[str, BaseException]],
+    message: str = "Could not prefetch %s: %s",
+) -> None:
+    """Warn per failed batch-prefetch job; the caller's installer retries them."""
+    for name, err in failures:
+        # failure_reason: a message-less exception must not log blank
+        _LOGGER.warning(message, name, failure_reason(err))
+        _LOGGER.debug("Prefetch failure detail", exc_info=err)
 
 
 def download_with_resume(
@@ -725,6 +970,7 @@ def download_with_resume(
     attempts: int = 5,
     timeout: int = 30,
     retry_connect_errors: bool = True,
+    progress: Callable[[int], None] | None = None,
 ) -> None:
     """Download ``url`` to ``dest``, resuming partial downloads.
 
@@ -747,6 +993,9 @@ def download_with_resume(
     of consuming attempts — for callers with their own fallback, like
     ``download_from_mirrors``.
 
+    ``progress`` replaces the built-in bar: it receives the absolute bytes of
+    ``dest`` obtained so far (see ``_BatchDownloadProgress``).
+
     Raises EsphomeError when all attempts are exhausted.
     """
     # Imported lazily: requests is a heavy import (~85ms) and is only needed
@@ -756,7 +1005,7 @@ def download_with_resume(
     from esphome.core import EsphomeError
 
     dest = Path(dest)
-    part = dest.with_name(dest.name + ".part")
+    part = _part_path(dest)
     meta = part.with_name(part.name + ".meta")
     dest.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
     last_error: Exception | None = None
@@ -768,6 +1017,8 @@ def download_with_resume(
     if dest.is_file() and (sha256 is not None or size is not None):
         try:
             _verify_file(dest, sha256, size)
+            if progress is not None:
+                progress(size if size is not None else dest.stat().st_size)
             return
         except EsphomeError:
             dest.unlink()
@@ -809,11 +1060,11 @@ def download_with_resume(
                         streamed = True
                         if offset == 0:
                             validator = _response_validator(resp)
-                            expected_total = _content_length(resp)
+                            expected_total = content_length(resp)
                             # Recorded so a later run can prove an If-Range
                             # resume of this part file safe.
                             _write_download_meta(meta, url, validator, expected_total)
-                        _stream_response_to_file(resp, f, offset, size)
+                        _stream_response_to_file(resp, f, offset, size, progress)
             # else: a previous run already wrote every byte (or more) but
             # was killed before the rename below. Skip the network entirely
             # — a Range request past EOF would draw HTTP 416 — and let
@@ -822,6 +1073,10 @@ def download_with_resume(
 
             expected_size = size if size is not None else expected_total
             _verify_file(part, sha256, expected_size or None)
+            if progress is not None:
+                # Also credits a part file an earlier run completed without
+                # streaming anything this time.
+                progress(expected_size or part.stat().st_size)
             if not expected_size and sha256 is None:
                 # No sha, no size, and the server sent no usable
                 # content-length: nothing can prove the download complete
@@ -869,11 +1124,11 @@ def download_with_resume(
 
     raise EsphomeError(
         f"Failed to download {url} after {attempts} attempts: "
-        f"{_failure_reason(last_error)}"
+        f"{failure_reason(last_error)}"
     ) from last_error
 
 
-def _failure_reason(e: Exception) -> str:
+def failure_reason(e: BaseException) -> str:
     """Format a download exception for the aggregated error message.
 
     ``requests`` appends " for url: <url>" to HTTP errors; the URL is already
@@ -884,11 +1139,96 @@ def _failure_reason(e: Exception) -> str:
     return str(e).split(" for url: ", maxsplit=1)[0] or repr(e)
 
 
+def _try_mirrors_once(
+    urls: list[str],
+    path_target: Path,
+    timeout: int,
+    failures: list[tuple[str, Exception]],
+    progress: Callable[[int], None] | None = None,
+) -> str | None:
+    """Single pass over the resolved mirror ``urls``, one try per URL.
+
+    Returns the source URL on success, or None with each URL's exception
+    appended to ``failures``.
+    """
+    # Imported lazily: requests is a heavy import (~85ms) and is only
+    # needed when actually downloading, never during config validation.
+    import requests
+
+    from esphome.core import EsphomeError
+
+    for url in urls:
+        _LOGGER.debug("Trying to download from %s", url)
+
+        # Delegate to download_with_resume so a partial download persists
+        # (and resumes) across esphome runs.
+        try:
+            download_with_resume(
+                url,
+                path_target,
+                attempts=_MIRROR_ATTEMPTS,
+                timeout=timeout,
+                # Pre-body failures (connect/HTTP errors) fall to the
+                # next mirror immediately; only mid-stream drops
+                # retry-with-resume on the same URL.
+                retry_connect_errors=False,
+                progress=progress,
+            )
+            return url
+        except (requests.RequestException, OSError, EsphomeError) as e:
+            # Everything download_with_resume classifies as a download
+            # failure; programming errors propagate.
+            _LOGGER.debug("Failed to download %s: %s", url, str(e))
+            failures.append((url, e))
+
+    return None
+
+
+def download_and_extract(
+    mirrors: list[str],
+    substitutions: dict[str, str],
+    archive_path: PathType,
+    extract_dir: PathType,
+    timeout: int = 30,
+    progress_header: str | None = None,
+    progress: Callable[[int], None] | None = None,
+) -> str:
+    """Download an archive from ``mirrors`` to ``archive_path``, extract it
+    into ``extract_dir``, and delete the archive.
+
+    The archive should live next to its destination (not in a temp dir) so
+    an interrupted download's ``.part`` file resumes on the next run. The
+    archive is deleted whether extraction succeeds or fails: a
+    complete-but-corrupt file (e.g. torn by an unclean shutdown) must not
+    poison the next run, and without a checksum only a failed extraction
+    can expose it.
+
+    Returns the source URL the download came from.
+    """
+    archive_path = Path(archive_path)
+    url = download_from_mirrors(
+        mirrors, substitutions, archive_path, timeout=timeout, progress=progress
+    )
+    try:
+        archive_extract_all(archive_path, extract_dir, progress_header=progress_header)
+    finally:
+        # Best-effort: an AV handle on the just-written archive (Windows)
+        # must not replace the real extraction error or fail a successful
+        # extraction. A surviving archive is harmless; download_with_resume
+        # re-verifies or re-downloads it next run.
+        try:
+            archive_path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+        except OSError as err:
+            _LOGGER.debug("Could not remove archive %s: %s", archive_path, err)
+    return url
+
+
 def download_from_mirrors(
     mirrors: list[str],
     substitutions: dict[str, str],
-    target: io.RawIOBase | IO[bytes] | PathType,
+    target: PathType,
     timeout: int = 30,
+    progress: Callable[[int], None] | None = None,
 ) -> str:
     """
     Download file from multiple mirrors with substitution support.
@@ -896,8 +1236,10 @@ def download_from_mirrors(
     Args:
         mirrors: list of mirror URLs
         substitutions: Dictionary of substitutions to apply to URLs
-        target: Target file path or file-like object
+        target: Target file path
         timeout: Download timeout in seconds
+        progress: Passed through to the download (see ``download_with_resume``);
+            replaces the built-in per-file bar
 
     Returns:
         The source URL.
@@ -906,9 +1248,12 @@ def download_from_mirrors(
     ``substitutions`` are skipped, so callers can offer templates that only
     apply to some downloads.
 
-    A path target downloads through ``download_with_resume``, so an
-    interrupted download resumes on the next esphome run; a file-like target
-    only resumes mid-stream drops within this call.
+    The target downloads through ``download_with_resume``, so an
+    interrupted download resumes on the next esphome run.
+
+    When every mirror fails and at least one failure is transient (dropped
+    connection, timeout, HTTP 429/5xx), the whole list is retried with a
+    short backoff; permanent failures (e.g. 404) raise immediately.
 
     Raises:
         ValueError: If mirrors list is empty.
@@ -916,149 +1261,81 @@ def download_from_mirrors(
             attempted URL with its individual failure reason. Also raised if
             no template matched the provided substitutions.
     """
-    # Imported lazily: requests is a heavy import (~85ms) and is only
-    # needed when actually downloading, never during config validation.
-    import requests
-
     from esphome.core import EsphomeError
 
-    # 1. Classify the target: filesystem path or open file object
-    path_target: Path | None = None
-    f: IO[bytes] | None = None
-    if isinstance(target, (str, os.PathLike)):
-        path_target = Path(target)
-    elif isinstance(target, (io.RawIOBase, io.IOBase)):
-        f = target
-    else:
-        raise TypeError(
-            f"target must be str, Path, or file-like object: {type(target)}"
-        )
+    if not isinstance(target, (str, os.PathLike)):
+        raise TypeError(f"target must be a str or Path: {type(target)}")
+    path_target = Path(target)
 
-    # 2. Try each mirror in order
-    failures: list[tuple[str, Exception]] = []
+    # 1. Resolve the mirror templates (invariant across retry sweeps)
+    urls: list[str] = []
     skipped: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
-
     for mirror in mirrors:
-        # 3. Apply substitutions to URL
         try:
-            url = mirror.format(**substitutions)
+            urls.append(mirror.format(**substitutions))
         except KeyError as e:
             # The template references a substitution not provided for
             # this download (e.g. SHORT_VERSION only exists for x.y.0
             # versions) - expected, the template just doesn't apply.
             _LOGGER.debug("Skipping mirror %s: %s not available", mirror, e)
             skipped.append((mirror, f"not applicable ({e.args[0]} not available)"))
-            continue
         except (IndexError, ValueError) as e:
             # A malformed template (unbalanced braces, bad format spec)
             # is an authoring error, not an expected fallthrough - warn
             # even if a later mirror succeeds.
             _LOGGER.warning("Skipping malformed mirror URL template %s: %r", mirror, e)
             skipped.append((mirror, f"skipped ({e!r})"))
-            continue
 
-        _LOGGER.debug("Trying to download from %s", url)
-
-        # Path targets delegate to download_with_resume so a partial
-        # download persists (and resumes) across esphome runs.
-        if path_target is not None:
-            try:
-                download_with_resume(
-                    url,
-                    path_target,
-                    attempts=_MIRROR_ATTEMPTS,
-                    timeout=timeout,
-                    # Pre-body failures (connect/HTTP errors) fall to the
-                    # next mirror immediately; only mid-stream drops
-                    # retry-with-resume on the same URL.
-                    retry_connect_errors=False,
-                )
-                return url
-            except (requests.RequestException, OSError, EsphomeError) as e:
-                # Everything download_with_resume classifies as a download
-                # failure; programming errors propagate.
-                _LOGGER.debug("Failed to download %s: %s", url, str(e))
-                failures.append((url, e))
-                continue
-
-        # 4. Download; mid-stream failures retry the same mirror with
-        # resume (see download_with_resume) instead of starting over.
-        # There is no checksum to verify a resumed file against, so a
-        # stitch is only trusted when the server proves consistency: the
-        # If-Range validator guarantees 206 only for unchanged content,
-        # and the expected total length (when the first response carried
-        # one) guards against short or shifted bodies. Without a
-        # validator the retry restarts from zero.
-        offset = 0
-        expected_total = 0
-        validator = None
-        for attempt in range(_MIRROR_ATTEMPTS):
-            try:
-                resp, offset = _open_ranged(url, offset, timeout, validator)
-            except (requests.RequestException, OSError) as e:
-                # Connect/HTTP error, no bytes flowed — next mirror.
-                _LOGGER.debug("Failed to download %s: %s", url, str(e))
-                failures.append((url, e))
-                break
-
-            try:
-                # A None response means HTTP 416: the file already holds
-                # every byte the server has (a drop after the last byte);
-                # only the length check below remains.
-                if resp is not None:
-                    with resp:
-                        if offset == 0:
-                            validator = _response_validator(resp)
-                            expected_total = _content_length(resp)
-                        _stream_response_to_file(resp, f, offset)
-
-                if expected_total and f.tell() != expected_total:
-                    raise EsphomeError(
-                        f"size mismatch: expected {expected_total}, got {f.tell()}"
-                    )
-                if not expected_total:
-                    # Same trust decision as download_with_resume's
-                    # unverifiable promotion; surface it at the same level.
-                    _LOGGER.debug(
-                        "Downloaded %s without any way to verify completeness",
-                        url,
-                    )
-
-                _LOGGER.debug("Downloaded successfully from: %s", url)
-
-                # 5. Reset file pointer and return
-                f.seek(0)
-                return url
-
-            except (requests.RequestException, OSError, EsphomeError) as e:
-                # Mid-stream drop: keep the received bytes and retry this
-                # mirror from the current position — but only when the
-                # server gave a validator to resume against safely AND a
-                # total length to prove the stitched file complete (the
-                # length check above is the only verification here).
-                _LOGGER.debug("Failed to download %s: %s", url, str(e))
-                if validator and expected_total:
-                    offset = f.tell()
-                else:
-                    _LOGGER.debug(
-                        "Restarting %s from zero: cannot prove a "
-                        "resumed file complete (validator=%s, total=%s)",
-                        url,
-                        validator is not None,
-                        expected_total,
-                    )
-                    offset = 0
-                if attempt == _MIRROR_ATTEMPTS - 1:
-                    failures.append((url, e))
-
-    # 6. Report every attempted URL if all mirrors failed. Falling back
-    # past an early mirror is normal (e.g. only one of the framework URL
-    # templates matches a given version's tag), so raising only the last
-    # error would hide the failure that actually matters.
-    if failures:
-        attempts = "".join(
-            f"\n  {url}\n    {_failure_reason(e)}" for url, e in failures
+    # 2. Sweep the mirror list, retrying transient failures with backoff:
+    # a single pass keeps mirror failover fast, re-sweeping keeps one
+    # network blip from failing the build when only one mirror applies.
+    failures: list[tuple[str, Exception]] = []
+    for sweep in range(1, _MIRROR_SWEEP_ATTEMPTS + 1):
+        sweep_failures: list[tuple[str, Exception]] = []
+        if (
+            url := _try_mirrors_once(
+                urls, path_target, timeout, sweep_failures, progress
+            )
+        ) is not None:
+            return url
+        failures.extend(sweep_failures)
+        # Permanent failures (404, verification mismatch) won't heal;
+        # only retry when a transient error is in the mix (as git.py does).
+        transient = next(
+            ((u, e) for u, e in sweep_failures if is_transient_download_error(e)),
+            None,
         )
+        if transient is None:
+            break
+        if sweep < _MIRROR_SWEEP_ATTEMPTS:
+            delay = 2**sweep
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "Download of %s failed (%s); retrying in %d seconds (attempt %d/%d)",
+                transient[0],
+                failure_reason(transient[1]),
+                delay,
+                sweep + 1,
+                _MIRROR_SWEEP_ATTEMPTS,
+            )
+            # Tick with the bytes already on disk so a combined bar holds
+            # steady during the backoff instead of rewinding to zero
+            done = 0
+            if progress is not None:
+                part = _part_path(path_target)
+                done = part.stat().st_size if part.is_file() else 0
+            _cancellable_sleep(delay, progress, done)
+
+    # 3. Report every attempted URL if all mirrors failed. failures spans
+    # all sweeps (deduplicated by URL and reason), so neither an early
+    # mirror's failure nor an earlier sweep's failure mode is hidden.
+    if failures:
+        seen: set[tuple[str, str]] = set()
+        attempts = ""
+        for url, e in failures:
+            reason = failure_reason(e)
+            if (url, reason) not in seen:
+                seen.add((url, reason))
+                attempts += f"\n  {url}\n    {reason}"
         attempts += "".join(f"\n  {mirror}\n    {reason}" for mirror, reason in skipped)
         raise EsphomeError(
             f"Failed to download from all mirrors:{attempts}"
@@ -1069,3 +1346,37 @@ def download_from_mirrors(
             f"No mirror URL template matched the provided substitutions:{details}"
         )
     raise ValueError("download_from_mirrors called with an empty mirrors list")
+
+
+def strip_win_long_path_prefix(path: str) -> str:
+    r"""Strip the Windows extended-length path prefix from ``path``.
+
+    Handles both forms documented at
+    https://learn.microsoft.com/windows/win32/fileio/naming-a-file:
+
+    * ``\\?\C:\path\to\file`` -> ``C:\path\to\file``
+    * ``\\?\UNC\server\share\path`` -> ``\\server\share\path``
+
+    The NSIS-installed ``esphome.exe`` launcher on Windows starts Python with
+    ``sys.executable`` already prefixed with ``\\?\``. That prefix propagates
+    into PlatformIO's ``$PYTHONEXE`` (PlatformIO reads ``PYTHONEXEPATH`` from
+    the environment, falling back to ``os.path.normpath(sys.executable)``)
+    and ends up baked into SCons-emitted command lines for build steps such
+    as the esp8266 ``elf2bin`` invocation. ``cmd.exe`` does not understand
+    the ``\\?\`` prefix, so the build fails with
+    "The system cannot find the path specified." Stripping the prefix early
+    keeps the path shell-quotable.
+
+    Also applied to the ccache path exported by the ccache helpers, which
+    ``shutil.which`` can return with the same prefix.
+
+    No-op on non-Windows platforms.
+    """
+    if sys.platform != "win32":
+        return path
+    if path.startswith("\\\\?\\UNC\\"):
+        # \\?\UNC\server\share\... -> \\server\share\...
+        return "\\\\" + path[len("\\\\?\\UNC\\") :]
+    if path.startswith("\\\\?\\"):
+        return path[len("\\\\?\\") :]
+    return path
diff --git a/esphome/git.py b/esphome/git.py
index d1dca3b3ae..14145a639b 100644
--- a/esphome/git.py
+++ b/esphome/git.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from enum import Enum, auto
 import errno
 import hashlib
 import logging
+import math
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
 import re
@@ -77,6 +78,45 @@ _GIT_REPO_SCOPING_ENV = frozenset(
     }
 )
 
+# Substrings (matched case-insensitively against git's full stderr) that
+# identify transient network failures worth retrying. Auth failures,
+# missing repositories, and bad refs must fail immediately. Patterns are
+# phrase-anchored so a repository URL quoted back in stderr never matches.
+_TRANSIENT_GIT_ERROR_PATTERNS: tuple[str, ...] = (
+    "unable to access",
+    "could not resolve host",
+    "could not connect",
+    "failed to connect",
+    "timed out",
+    "connection reset",
+    "connection refused",
+    "early eof",
+    "rpc failed",
+    "certificate verification failed",
+    # Anchored to curl's diagnostic prefix so repository URLs containing
+    # "ssl_" tokens never classify as transient
+    "openssl ssl_",
+    "ssl routines",
+    "ssl connect error",
+    "gnutls recv error",
+    "gnutls_handshake",
+    "unexpected disconnect",
+    "remote end hung up unexpectedly",
+)
+
+# git quotes HTTP failures in two forms: curl's "The requested URL returned
+# error: <n>" and smart-HTTP's "RPC failed; HTTP <n> curl <m>". 4xx is
+# permanent (rejected credentials, missing repository) except 429 rate
+# limiting; 408/425 are also treated as permanent, a deliberate trade for a
+# simple rule since git hosts rarely emit them.
+_PERMANENT_HTTP_ERROR_RE = re.compile(r"(?:http |returned error: )4(?!29)\d\d")
+
+# Network commands get 3 attempts with 2s/4s backoff. Worst case is ~3x
+# the command's own duration plus 6s of sleep, held under the cache entry
+# lock; peers with a complete entry fall back to it after
+# _COMPLETE_ENTRY_LOCK_TIMEOUT_SECONDS.
+_NETWORK_MAX_ATTEMPTS = 3
+
 
 class GitException(cv.Invalid):
     """Base exception for git-related errors."""
@@ -87,7 +127,18 @@ class GitNotInstalledError(GitException):
 
 
 class GitCommandError(GitException):
-    """Exception raised when a git command fails."""
+    """Exception raised when a git command fails.
+
+    ``stderr`` holds git's full stderr output; the exception message is
+    usually only the last ``fatal:`` line, but transient network markers
+    (``RPC failed``, ``GnuTLS``, ...) often appear on earlier lines.
+    Empty when git produced no stderr, so classification never reads the
+    command line (which embeds the user-supplied repository URL).
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str, stderr: str = "") -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+        self.stderr = stderr
 
 
 class GitRepositoryError(GitException):
@@ -103,8 +154,23 @@ def _redact_url_credentials(text: str) -> str:
     return re.sub(r"://[^/@\s]+@", "://***@", text)
 
 
+def _is_transient_git_error(stderr: str) -> bool:
+    """Return True when git's stderr looks like a transient network failure."""
+    lowered = stderr.lower()
+    if _PERMANENT_HTTP_ERROR_RE.search(lowered):
+        return False
+    if "authentication failed" in lowered:
+        return False
+    return any(pattern in lowered for pattern in _TRANSIENT_GIT_ERROR_PATTERNS)
+
+
 def run_git_command(
-    cmd: list[str], git_dir: Path | None = None, *, cwd: Path | None = None
+    cmd: list[str],
+    git_dir: Path | None = None,
+    *,
+    cwd: Path | None = None,
+    network: bool = False,
+    retry_cleanup: Path | None = None,
 ) -> str:
     """Run a git command and return its stdout.
 
@@ -113,7 +179,50 @@ def run_git_command(
     to that repository and runs the command there; ``cwd`` alone runs the
     command in that directory with GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES capping repository
     discovery at its parent.
+
+    ``network=True`` marks a command that talks to a remote (clone, fetch,
+    submodule update): transient network failures (DNS, TLS, dropped
+    connections) are retried with a short backoff so a momentary blip does
+    not fail the whole build. Local-only commands must not set it.
+    ``retry_cleanup`` names a directory to remove before each retry, for
+    commands like clone that can leave a partial destination behind.
     """
+    attempts = _NETWORK_MAX_ATTEMPTS if network else 1
+    attempt = 0
+    while True:
+        try:
+            return _run_git_command_once(cmd, git_dir, cwd=cwd)
+        except GitCommandError as err:
+            attempt += 1
+            if attempt >= attempts or not _is_transient_git_error(err.stderr):
+                raise
+            if retry_cleanup is not None and retry_cleanup.is_dir():
+                try:
+                    rmtree(retry_cleanup)
+                except OSError as cleanup_err:
+                    # A retry would fail on the leftover directory anyway;
+                    # give up and keep the git error as the reported cause.
+                    _LOGGER.warning(
+                        "Could not remove %s before retry (%s); not retrying",
+                        retry_cleanup,
+                        cleanup_err,
+                    )
+                    raise err from None
+            delay = 2**attempt
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "Git command failed: %s. Retrying in %d seconds... (attempt %d/%d)",
+                _redact_url_credentials(str(err)),
+                delay,
+                attempt,
+                attempts,
+            )
+            time.sleep(delay)
+
+
+def _run_git_command_once(
+    cmd: list[str], git_dir: Path | None = None, *, cwd: Path | None = None
+) -> str:
+    """Single attempt of ``run_git_command``; see its docstring."""
     # Every invocation starts from an environment with the repository-scoping
     # variables stripped (see _GIT_REPO_SCOPING_ENV) so a git hook or CI
     # wrapper invoking ESPHome can never redirect these commands to its own
@@ -168,11 +277,15 @@ def run_git_command(
 
     if ret.returncode != 0:
         if ret.stderr:
-            err_str = ret.stderr.decode("utf-8")
+            # errors="replace": git can emit locale-encoded (non-UTF-8) bytes
+            # in stderr; the error path must never raise UnicodeDecodeError.
+            err_str = ret.stderr.decode("utf-8", errors="replace")
             lines = [x.strip() for x in err_str.splitlines()]
             if lines[-1].startswith("fatal:"):
-                raise GitCommandError(lines[-1][len("fatal: ") :])
-            raise GitCommandError(err_str)
+                raise GitCommandError(lines[-1][len("fatal: ") :], stderr=err_str)
+            raise GitCommandError(err_str, stderr=err_str)
+        # No stderr (e.g. git killed by a signal): nothing to classify,
+        # never retried.
         raise GitCommandError(
             f"git exited with code {ret.returncode}: "
             f"{_redact_url_credentials(' '.join(cmd))}"
@@ -344,6 +457,15 @@ def _clone_complete_marker_path(repo_dir: Path) -> Path:
     return repo_dir / ".git" / _CLONE_COMPLETE_MARKER
 
 
+def has_complete_clone(
+    url: str, ref: str | None, domain: str, subpath: Path | None = None
+) -> bool:
+    """Lock-free probe for a complete clone; can go stale immediately, so
+    best-effort decisions only, never a substitute for ``clone_or_update``."""
+    repo_dir = _repo_entry_dir(_cache_key(url, ref), domain, subpath)
+    return _clone_complete_marker_path(repo_dir).is_file()
+
+
 def _clear_clone_complete_marker(repo_dir: Path) -> None:
     """Best-effort removal of the completion marker.
 
@@ -409,6 +531,7 @@ def update_submodules(repo_dir: Path, key: str) -> None:
     run_git_command(
         ["git", "submodule", "update", "--init", "--recursive", "--depth=1"],
         cwd=repo_dir,
+        network=True,
     )
 
 
@@ -605,7 +728,7 @@ def _clone_or_update_locked(
         try:
             cmd = ["git", "clone", "--depth=1"]
             cmd += ["--", url, str(repo_dir)]
-            run_git_command(cmd)
+            run_git_command(cmd, network=True, retry_cleanup=repo_dir)
 
             if ref is not None:
                 # We need to fetch the PR branch first, otherwise git will complain
@@ -614,6 +737,7 @@ def _clone_or_update_locked(
                 run_git_command(
                     ["git", "fetch", "--depth=1", "--", "origin", ref],
                     git_dir=repo_dir,
+                    network=True,
                 )
                 run_git_command(
                     ["git", "reset", "--hard", "FETCH_HEAD"], git_dir=repo_dir
@@ -684,7 +808,57 @@ def _clone_or_update_locked(
                 cmd = ["git", "fetch", "--depth=1", "--", "origin"]
                 if ref is not None:
                     cmd.append(ref)
-                run_git_command(cmd, git_dir=repo_dir)
+                fetch_head = Path(repo_dir) / ".git" / "FETCH_HEAD"
+                try:
+                    fetch_head_stat = fetch_head.stat()
+                except OSError:
+                    # Missing (or unreadable): no pre-fetch FETCH_HEAD
+                    fetch_head_stat = None
+                try:
+                    run_git_command(cmd, git_dir=repo_dir, network=True)
+                except GitCommandError as err:
+                    if not _is_transient_git_error(err.stderr):
+                        raise
+                    # Verified clone, untouched worktree, network-only
+                    # failure: keep the clone instead of destroying it via
+                    # recovery, which would re-clone on the same dead
+                    # network. The marker must be restored or the next run
+                    # removes the entry as an incomplete clone.
+                    #
+                    # A failed fetch still freshens FETCH_HEAD's mtime,
+                    # which would suppress refresh attempts for the whole
+                    # refresh window; restore it so the next run retries.
+                    try:
+                        if fetch_head_stat is not None:
+                            os.utime(
+                                fetch_head,
+                                (fetch_head_stat.st_atime, fetch_head_stat.st_mtime),
+                            )
+                        else:
+                            fetch_head.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+                    except OSError as stamp_err:
+                        # Cannot keep the fallback honest; let the git error
+                        # route through the recovery below instead.
+                        _LOGGER.warning(
+                            "Could not restore the refresh timestamp for %s (%s)",
+                            safe_key,
+                            stamp_err,
+                        )
+                        raise err from None
+                    _LOGGER.warning(
+                        "Could not refresh %s (%s); using the existing clone "
+                        "at %s (last updated %s ago)",
+                        safe_key,
+                        _redact_url_credentials(str(err)),
+                        old_sha,
+                        # age_seconds is inf when neither FETCH_HEAD nor HEAD
+                        # could be stat'ed; format_duration would overflow
+                        format_duration(age_seconds)
+                        if math.isfinite(age_seconds)
+                        else "unknown time",
+                    )
+                    _write_clone_complete_marker(repo_dir, key, hash_dir_name, safe_key)
+                    return repo_dir, None
 
                 # Hard reset to FETCH_HEAD (short-lived git ref corresponding to most recent fetch)
                 run_git_command(
@@ -719,7 +893,7 @@ def _clone_or_update_locked(
                 _LOGGER.warning(
                     "Repository %s has issues (%s), attempting recovery",
                     safe_key,
-                    err,
+                    _redact_url_credentials(str(err)),
                 )
                 _LOGGER.info("Removing broken repository at %s", repo_dir)
                 _remove_repo_dir(repo_dir)
diff --git a/esphome/happy_eyeballs.py b/esphome/happy_eyeballs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..35092e7daa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/happy_eyeballs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+"""Happy Eyeballs (RFC 8305) connection support for requests/urllib3.
+
+urllib3 tries each resolved address in sequence with the full connect
+timeout, so a network advertising IPv6 DNS without IPv6 connectivity stalls
+every download for the whole timeout before IPv4 is tried.
+``ensure_happy_eyeballs()`` swaps urllib3's ``create_connection`` for one
+that races address families with a short stagger via aiohappyeyeballs, run
+on a daemon-thread event loop so callers stay synchronous.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import socket
+import threading
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Callable
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# RFC 8305 recommended delay between staggered connection attempts.
+HAPPY_EYEBALLS_DELAY = 0.25
+
+# Extra seconds the connect thread gets beyond the connect timeout before
+# the caller gives up waiting for it.
+_THREAD_WAIT_BUFFER = 5.0
+
+
+# Serialises the check-then-patch so concurrent first calls (download worker
+# threads fanning out) build the replacement exactly once.
+_PATCH_LOCK = threading.Lock()
+
+
+def ensure_happy_eyeballs() -> None:
+    """Make urllib3 (and therefore requests) connect with Happy Eyeballs.
+
+    Idempotent and thread-safe; call before performing requests-based
+    downloads.
+    """
+    stock: Callable[..., socket.socket] | None = None
+    try:
+        import urllib3.util.connection
+
+        with _PATCH_LOCK:
+            stock = urllib3.util.connection.create_connection
+            if getattr(stock, "_esphome_patched", False):
+                return
+
+            urllib3.util.connection.create_connection = _make_create_connection()
+    except (ImportError, AttributeError) as err:  # urllib3 internals moved
+        # WARNING: degraded mode brings back the stalls this module prevents.
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "Happy Eyeballs unavailable (%s); downloads use the slower stock "
+            "urllib3 connect",
+            err,
+        )
+        _LOGGER.debug("Happy Eyeballs fallback traceback", exc_info=True)
+        if stock is not None:
+            # Latch so the warning fires once, not per download.
+            stock._esphome_patched = True  # type: ignore[attr-defined]  # pylint: disable=protected-access
+
+
+def _make_create_connection() -> Callable[..., socket.socket]:
+    """Build a drop-in replacement for urllib3's ``create_connection``."""
+    # Deferred so runs that never download skip the ~30 ms asyncio import.
+    import asyncio
+
+    from aiohappyeyeballs import start_connection
+    from urllib3.exceptions import LocationParseError
+    from urllib3.util.connection import (  # noqa: PLC2701
+        _set_socket_options,
+        allowed_gai_family,
+    )
+    from urllib3.util.timeout import _DEFAULT_TIMEOUT  # noqa: PLC2701
+
+    from esphome import async_thread
+
+    def create_connection(
+        address: tuple[str, int],
+        timeout: Any = _DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
+        source_address: tuple[str, int] | None = None,
+        socket_options: Any = None,
+    ) -> socket.socket:
+        host, port = address
+        if host.startswith("["):
+            host = host.strip("[]")
+        try:
+            host.encode("idna")
+        except UnicodeError:
+            raise LocationParseError(f"'{host}', label empty or too long") from None
+
+        addr_infos = socket.getaddrinfo(
+            host, port, allowed_gai_family(), socket.SOCK_STREAM
+        )
+        if not addr_infos:
+            # Same error as stock urllib3.
+            raise OSError("getaddrinfo returns an empty list")
+        connect_timeout = (
+            socket.getdefaulttimeout() if timeout is _DEFAULT_TIMEOUT else timeout
+        )
+
+        def socket_factory(addr_info: Any) -> socket.socket:
+            family, type_, proto, _, _ = addr_info
+            sock = socket.socket(family, type_, proto)
+            try:
+                _set_socket_options(sock, socket_options)
+                if source_address:
+                    sock.bind(source_address)
+            except BaseException:
+                sock.close()
+                raise
+            return sock
+
+        async def connect() -> socket.socket:
+            return await asyncio.wait_for(
+                start_connection(
+                    addr_infos,
+                    happy_eyeballs_delay=HAPPY_EYEBALLS_DELAY,
+                    interleave=1,
+                    socket_factory=socket_factory,
+                ),
+                connect_timeout,
+            )
+
+        wait = (
+            None if connect_timeout is None else connect_timeout + _THREAD_WAIT_BUFFER
+        )
+        # on_orphan closes a socket won after the timeout so it cannot leak.
+        sock = async_thread.run_async(
+            connect, timeout=wait, on_orphan=socket.socket.close
+        )
+        # aiohappyeyeballs leaves the winning socket non-blocking; restore the
+        # blocking-with-timeout behavior urllib3 callers expect.
+        try:
+            sock.settimeout(connect_timeout)
+        except BaseException:
+            sock.close()
+            raise
+        return sock
+
+    create_connection._esphome_patched = True  # type: ignore[attr-defined]  # pylint: disable=protected-access
+    return create_connection
diff --git a/esphome/helpers.py b/esphome/helpers.py
index 15d9797ce1..3ccf0fe65a 100644
--- a/esphome/helpers.py
+++ b/esphome/helpers.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from collections.abc import Iterable, MutableMapping
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable, MutableMapping
 from contextlib import suppress
 import ipaddress
 import logging
@@ -31,6 +31,14 @@ SockAddr = IPv4SockAddr | IPv6SockAddr
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
+# cv.boolean's closed spelling tables, shared with the strict env-knob
+# parser (build_helpers.ccache.parse_enable_env)
+TRUTHY_BOOL_STRINGS = frozenset({"true", "yes", "on", "enable"})
+FALSY_BOOL_STRINGS = frozenset({"false", "no", "off", "disable"})
+# cv.boolean's spelling tables plus the 1/0 env convention
+TRUTHY_ENV_STRINGS = TRUTHY_BOOL_STRINGS | {"1"}
+FALSY_ENV_STRINGS = FALSY_BOOL_STRINGS | {"0"}
+
 IS_MACOS = platform.system() == "Darwin"
 IS_WINDOWS = platform.system() == "Windows"
 IS_LINUX = platform.system() == "Linux"
@@ -91,13 +99,8 @@ def fnv1a_32bit_hash(string: str) -> int:
 def fnv1_hash_object_id(name: str) -> int:
     """Compute FNV-1 hash of name with snake_case + sanitize transformations.
 
-    IMPORTANT: Must produce same result as C++ fnv1_hash_object_id() in helpers.h
-    with per_code_point set. This is the OLD entity hash; it computes preference
-    keys that existing devices already have stored (see
-    https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/85) and is also still used for live
-    keys derived from config IDs (see the motion component's calibration key).
-    Note: lower() here is Unicode aware while the C++ reconstruction is not; see
-    the known limitation note on the C++ function.
+    IMPORTANT: Must produce same result as C++ fnv1_hash_object_id() in helpers.h.
+    If you modify this function, update the C++ version and tests in both places.
     """
     return fnv1_hash(sanitize(snake_case(name)))
 
@@ -105,9 +108,9 @@ def fnv1_hash_object_id(name: str) -> int:
 def fnv1_hash_name(name: str) -> int:
     """Compute FNV-1 hash of the raw entity name (UTF-8 bytes, no transformations).
 
-    IMPORTANT: Must produce same result as C++ fnv1_hash_bytes() in helpers.h,
-    which hashes the name bytes as stored on the device.
-    Used for pre-computing entity keys at code generation time.
+    2026.8 beta firmware stored preferences under keys derived from this hash;
+    a future key migration must reconstruct those keys to recover that data
+    (see https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/85).
     """
     return _fnv1_hash(name.encode("utf-8"))
 
@@ -357,6 +360,24 @@ def resolve_ip_address(
     return res
 
 
+def format_ip_url(family: int, sockaddr: tuple, port: int, path: str) -> str:
+    """Build an ``http://host:port/path`` URL for a resolved address.
+
+    ``family``/``sockaddr`` come from a :func:`resolve_ip_address` entry. IPv6
+    literals must be wrapped in brackets in URLs; link-local addresses need a
+    percent-encoded zone index per RFC 6874.
+    """
+    import socket
+
+    ip = sockaddr[0]
+    if family == socket.AF_INET6:
+        scope = sockaddr[3] if len(sockaddr) >= 4 else 0
+        host_part = f"[{ip}%25{scope}]" if scope else f"[{ip}]"
+    else:
+        host_part = ip
+    return f"http://{host_part}:{port}{path}"
+
+
 def sort_ip_addresses(address_list: list[str]) -> list[str]:
     """Takes a list of IP addresses in string form, e.g. from mDNS or MQTT,
     and sorts them into the best order to actually try connecting to them.
@@ -381,13 +402,24 @@ def sort_ip_addresses(address_list: list[str]) -> list[str]:
     return [socket.getnameinfo(r[4], socket.NI_NUMERICHOST)[0] for r in res]
 
 
+def get_usable_cpu_count() -> int:
+    """Return the number of CPUs usable by this process (affinity-aware
+    on Python 3.13+); 1 when the count is undeterminable."""
+    count = (
+        os.process_cpu_count() if hasattr(os, "process_cpu_count") else os.cpu_count()
+    )
+    return count or 1
+
+
 def get_bool_env(var, default=False):
+    """Read a boolean env var: the ``cv.boolean`` spellings plus ``1``/``0``;
+    anything else falls through to ``bool(value)``."""
     value = os.getenv(var, default)
     if isinstance(value, str):
         value = value.lower()
-        if value in ["1", "true"]:
+        if value in TRUTHY_ENV_STRINGS:
             return True
-        if value in ["0", "false"]:
+        if value in FALSY_ENV_STRINGS:
             return False
     return bool(value)
 
@@ -424,23 +456,55 @@ def add_git_ceiling_directory(env: MutableMapping[str, str], directory: Path) ->
         env["GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES"] = os.pathsep.join(parts)
 
 
-def rmtree(path: Path | str) -> None:
-    """Remove a directory tree, handling read-only files on Windows.
+# Deletion attempts when a directory keeps being repopulated mid-delete
+RMTREE_MAX_ATTEMPTS = 3
 
-    On Windows, git pack files and other files may be marked read-only,
-    causing shutil.rmtree to fail. This handles that by removing the
-    read-only flag and retrying.
+
+def rmtree(path: Path | str) -> None:
+    """Remove a directory tree, tolerating common filesystem races.
+
+    Read-only files (e.g. git pack files on Windows) get the read-only flag
+    removed and are retried. Paths that are already gone, whether the target
+    itself or entries vanishing mid-delete, are treated as removed.
+    Directories repopulated mid-delete (e.g. Finder recreating .DS_Store on
+    macOS) are retried a few times.
     """
 
+    import errno
     import shutil
+    import time
 
-    def _onexc(func, path, exc):
+    def _onexc(func: Callable[..., object], path: str | Path, exc: OSError) -> None:
+        if isinstance(exc, FileNotFoundError):
+            _LOGGER.debug("rmtree: %s already gone", path)
+            return
         if os.access(path, os.W_OK):
             raise exc
         Path(path).chmod(stat.S_IWUSR | stat.S_IRUSR)
         func(path)
 
-    shutil.rmtree(path, onexc=_onexc)
+    last_err: OSError | None = None
+    for attempt in range(RMTREE_MAX_ATTEMPTS - 1):
+        try:
+            shutil.rmtree(path, onexc=_onexc)
+            return
+        except OSError as err:
+            if err.errno not in (errno.ENOTEMPTY, errno.EEXIST):
+                raise
+            _LOGGER.debug(
+                "rmtree: %s repopulated mid-delete (attempt %d): %s",
+                path,
+                attempt + 1,
+                err,
+            )
+            last_err = err
+            # Give the racing writer (e.g. Finder) time to settle
+            time.sleep(0.05 * (attempt + 1))
+    try:
+        shutil.rmtree(path, onexc=_onexc)
+    except OSError as err:
+        # Keep the earlier races visible in the traceback
+        raise err from last_err
 
 
 def walk_files(path: Path):
@@ -539,7 +603,18 @@ def write_file_if_changed(path: Path, text: str) -> bool:
     """
     src_content = None
     if path.is_file():
-        src_content = read_file(path)
+        try:
+            src_content = path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+        except UnicodeDecodeError as err:
+            # Replace a damaged file rather than abort the regeneration that
+            # fixes it; an OSError may hide an intact file, so it still raises
+            _LOGGER.warning("Replacing damaged file %s: %s", path, err)
+            with suppress(OSError):
+                path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+        except OSError as err:
+            from esphome.core import EsphomeError
+
+            raise EsphomeError(f"Error reading file {path}: {err}") from err
     if src_content == text:
         return False
     write_file(path, text)
@@ -705,11 +780,22 @@ class ProgressBar:
         sys.stderr.flush()
 
     def done(self) -> None:
-        if not self.enabled:
+        # No frame drawn, or the 100% frame already ended its own line
+        if not self.enabled or self.last_progress is None or self.last_progress == 100:
             return
         sys.stderr.write("\n")
         sys.stderr.flush()
 
+    def interrupt(self) -> None:
+        """End a mid-row frame so the next write starts on its own row.
+
+        The next ``update()`` redraws the bar; a finished bar stays done.
+        """
+        if self.last_progress == 100:
+            return
+        self.done()
+        self.last_progress = None
+
 
 def docs_url(path: str) -> str:
     """Return the URL to the documentation for a given path."""
diff --git a/esphome/idf_component.yml b/esphome/idf_component.yml
index b4b20cf221..e817a253d9 100644
--- a/esphome/idf_component.yml
+++ b/esphome/idf_component.yml
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ dependencies:
   esphome/esp-micro-speech-features:
     version: 1.2.3
   esphome/micro-decoder:
-    version: 0.2.0
+    version: 0.4.0
   esphome/micro-flac:
     version: 0.2.0
   esphome/micro-mp3:
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ dependencies:
   espressif/esp32-camera:
     version: 2.1.7
   espressif/mdns:
-    version: 1.11.3
+    version: 1.12.0
   espressif/esp_wifi_remote:
     version: 1.6.3
     rules:
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ dependencies:
     rules:
       - if: "target in [esp32, esp32p4]"
   espressif/esp-zigbee-lib:
-    version: 2.0.3
+    version: 2.0.4
     rules:
       - if: "target in [esp32h2, esp32c5, esp32c6]"
   espressif/lan87xx:
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ dependencies:
   esp32async/asynctcp:
     version: 3.4.91
   sendspin/sendspin-cpp:
-    version: 0.7.0
+    version: 0.7.2
   lvgl/lvgl:
     version: 9.5.0
   fastled/FastLED:
diff --git a/esphome/loader.py b/esphome/loader.py
index 22db8b156a..23c6d1bfa5 100644
--- a/esphome/loader.py
+++ b/esphome/loader.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from collections.abc import Callable
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable
 from contextlib import AbstractContextManager
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 import importlib
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
+    from esphome.external_files import RemoteFile
 
 # `esphome.core.config` is imported lazily in `_lookup_module` when the
 # "esphome" pseudo-component is first resolved. It pulls in
@@ -135,6 +136,21 @@ class ComponentManifest:
         """
         return getattr(self.module, "FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA", None)
 
+    @property
+    def prefetch_files(
+        self,
+    ) -> Callable[[list[ConfigType]], Iterable[list["RemoteFile"]]] | None:
+        """Optional `PREFETCH_FILES` hook for batched remote file downloads.
+
+        A generator called once per run with the component's raw, pre-schema
+        config entries; each yield is a stage of ``RemoteFile`` downloaded in
+        one parallel pass before schema validation, so a later stage may
+        derive URLs from earlier files' content. Best effort: skip anything
+        unrecognized. On platform components, place it on the platform
+        sub-module; a domain-module hook receives every entry.
+        """
+        return getattr(self.module, "PREFETCH_FILES", None)
+
     @property
     def legacy_config_migrate(self) -> Callable[[ConfigType], ConfigType | None] | None:
         """Optional `LEGACY_CONFIG_MIGRATE` callable on a platform component module.
@@ -148,6 +164,14 @@ class ComponentManifest:
         """
         return getattr(self.module, "LEGACY_CONFIG_MIGRATE", None)
 
+    @property
+    def expand_platform_config(
+        self,
+    ) -> Callable[[list[ConfigType]], list[ConfigType]] | None:
+        """Optional `EXPAND_PLATFORM_CONFIG` callable; runs on the normalized `platform:`-tagged
+        entry list before per-entry CONFIG_SCHEMA. Must return a list (raise `cv.Invalid` for user errors)."""
+        return getattr(self.module, "EXPAND_PLATFORM_CONFIG", None)
+
     @property
     def resources(self) -> list[FileResource]:
         """Return a list of all file resources defined in the package of this component.
@@ -253,10 +277,9 @@ def _lookup_module(domain: str, exception: bool) -> ComponentManifest | None:
     # If `domain` is the legacy name of a renamed component, redirect to the
     # canonical module so the rest of the loader (and every caller of
     # `get_component(legacy)`) transparently sees the new component.
-    alias_map = _get_alias_map()
-    if domain in alias_map:
-        canonical = alias_map[domain]
-        manif = _lookup_module(canonical, exception)
+    alias_meta = get_alias_metadata().get(domain)
+    if alias_meta is not None:
+        manif = _lookup_module(alias_meta.canonical, exception)
         if manif is not None:
             _COMPONENT_CACHE[domain] = manif
         return manif
@@ -313,8 +336,10 @@ def _replace_component_manifest(domain: str, manifest: ComponentManifest) -> Non
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #
 # A component can declare ``ALIASES = ["legacy_name"]`` (and optionally
-# ``ALIAS_REMOVAL_VERSION = "YYYY.M.0"``) in its ``__init__.py``. Two
-# integrations are then wired up automatically:
+# ``ALIAS_REMOVAL_VERSION = "YYYY.M.0"``) in its ``__init__.py``, then run
+# ``script/build_alias_registry.py`` to regenerate
+# ``esphome/component_aliases.py`` (CI and a unit test fail if the registry
+# is stale). Two integrations are then wired up automatically:
 #
 #   1. **Python imports** — a ``sys.meta_path`` finder (``_AliasFinder``)
 #      intercepts ``esphome.components.<legacy>``/``...<legacy>.<sub>``
@@ -328,13 +353,13 @@ def _replace_component_manifest(domain: str, manifest: ComponentManifest) -> Non
 #      dependency checks, schema validation and codegen all see only the
 #      canonical name.
 #
-# Both lookups are populated by ``_build_alias_map``, which **AST-parses**
-# every component's ``__init__.py`` rather than importing it. That keeps the
-# cost low: scanning ~400 components on disk takes ~5 ms instead of the
-# multi-second cost of executing every component's import side-effects.
+# Both lookups read the checked-in registry in ``esphome.component_aliases``
+# (generated by ``script/build_alias_registry.py``, verified in CI), so no
+# component-directory scan happens at runtime. ``_build_alias_map`` below is
+# the generator's scan implementation; it **AST-parses** each component's
+# ``__init__.py`` rather than importing it.
 
 
-_ALIAS_MAP_CACHE: dict[str, str] | None = None
 _ALIAS_META_CACHE: dict[str, "AliasMeta"] | None = None
 
 
@@ -351,31 +376,17 @@ class AliasMeta:
     removal_version: str | None
 
 
-def _ensure_alias_caches() -> None:
-    """Populate both alias caches from a single directory scan.
-
-    ``_build_alias_map`` returns both maps together, so building them in one
-    shot avoids scanning every component's ``__init__.py`` twice when a run
-    needs both the canonical map (loader) and the metadata map (config
-    pre-pass).
-    """
-    global _ALIAS_MAP_CACHE, _ALIAS_META_CACHE
-    if _ALIAS_MAP_CACHE is None or _ALIAS_META_CACHE is None:
-        _ALIAS_MAP_CACHE, _ALIAS_META_CACHE = _build_alias_map()
-
-
-def _get_alias_map() -> dict[str, str]:
-    """Return the legacy-name → canonical-name map, building it lazily."""
-    _ensure_alias_caches()
-    return _ALIAS_MAP_CACHE
-
-
 def get_alias_metadata() -> dict[str, AliasMeta]:
-    """Return the legacy-name → :class:`AliasMeta` map (cached).
+    """Return the legacy-name → :class:`AliasMeta` map, built lazily from
+    the generated registry."""
+    global _ALIAS_META_CACHE  # noqa: PLW0603
+    if _ALIAS_META_CACHE is None:
+        from esphome.component_aliases import COMPONENT_ALIASES
 
-    Used by the YAML pre-pass to format a per-alias deprecation warning.
-    """
-    _ensure_alias_caches()
+        _ALIAS_META_CACHE = {
+            alias: AliasMeta(canonical=canonical, removal_version=removal_version)
+            for alias, (canonical, removal_version) in COMPONENT_ALIASES.items()
+        }
     return _ALIAS_META_CACHE
 
 
@@ -521,11 +532,11 @@ class _AliasFinder(importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder):
         # least three parts, so ``parts[2]`` (the domain) always exists.
         parts = fullname.split(".")
         domain = parts[2]
-        alias_map = _get_alias_map()
-        if domain not in alias_map:
+        alias_meta = get_alias_metadata().get(domain)
+        if alias_meta is None:
             return None
 
-        parts[2] = alias_map[domain]
+        parts[2] = alias_meta.canonical
         canonical_fullname = ".".join(parts)
         try:
             canonical_module = importlib.import_module(canonical_fullname)
diff --git a/esphome/log.py b/esphome/log.py
index b120c930d0..1f208bb909 100644
--- a/esphome/log.py
+++ b/esphome/log.py
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 from enum import Enum
 import logging
+import sys
+from typing import TextIO
 
 from esphome.core import CORE
 
@@ -72,13 +74,30 @@ class ESPHomeLogFormatter(logging.Formatter):
         return message
 
 
+def _is_tty(stream: TextIO | None) -> bool:
+    # A stream can be missing, closed, or not a real file object; colorama
+    # tolerates all three, so treat them like a redirect and let its own
+    # handling apply.
+    if stream is None or getattr(stream, "closed", True):
+        return False
+    return hasattr(stream, "isatty") and stream.isatty()
+
+
 def setup_log(
     log_level: int = logging.INFO,
     include_timestamp: bool = False,
 ) -> None:
-    import colorama
+    # colorama translates ANSI escapes for old Windows consoles and strips
+    # them from redirected output. POSIX terminals render ANSI natively, and
+    # dashboard runs escape their color codes before printing, so both would
+    # use colorama as a plain passthrough; skip the import there (it pulls
+    # in ctypes, ~3ms on every CLI invocation).
+    if sys.platform == "win32" or not (
+        CORE.dashboard or (_is_tty(sys.stdout) and _is_tty(sys.stderr))
+    ):
+        import colorama
 
-    colorama.init()
+        colorama.init()
 
     # Setup logging - will map log level from string to constant
     logging.basicConfig(level=log_level)
diff --git a/esphome/mqtt.py b/esphome/mqtt.py
index 3198de9d21..62deafb09a 100644
--- a/esphome/mqtt.py
+++ b/esphome/mqtt.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from pathlib import Path
 import ssl
 import tempfile
 import time
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt
 
@@ -31,6 +32,9 @@ from esphome.helpers import get_int_env, get_str_env
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 from esphome.util import safe_print
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import threading
+
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
@@ -164,6 +168,7 @@ def get_esphome_device_ip(
     password: str | None = None,
     client_id: str | None = None,
     timeout: float = 25,
+    stop_event: "threading.Event | None" = None,
 ) -> list[str]:
     if CONF_MQTT not in config:
         raise EsphomeError(
@@ -182,55 +187,113 @@ def get_esphome_device_ip(
 
     dev_name = config[CONF_ESPHOME][CONF_NAME]
     dev_ip = None
+    failed = False
 
     topic = "esphome/discover/" + dev_name
     _LOGGER.info("Starting looking for IP in topic %s", topic)
 
     def on_message(client, userdata, msg):
-        nonlocal dev_ip
+        nonlocal dev_ip, failed
         time_ = datetime.now().astimezone().time().strftime("[%H:%M:%S]")
         payload = msg.payload.decode(errors="backslashreplace")
         if len(payload) > 0:
             message = time_ + " " + payload
             _LOGGER.debug(message)
 
-            data = json.loads(payload)
+            try:
+                data = json.loads(payload)
+            except ValueError:
+                data = None
+            if not isinstance(data, dict):
+                # A raise in this handler would kill paho's network thread
+                _LOGGER.warning("Ignoring unparsable discovery payload")
+                return
             if "name" not in data or data["name"] != dev_name:
                 _LOGGER.warning("Wrong device answer")
                 return
 
-            dev_ip = []
+            addresses = []
             key = "ip"
             n = 0
             while key in data:
-                dev_ip.append(data[key])
+                value = data[key]
+                if (
+                    isinstance(value, str)
+                    and (value := value.strip())
+                    and value.isprintable()
+                ):
+                    addresses.append(value)
+                else:
+                    # repr-escaped and truncated: must not forge log lines
+                    _LOGGER.warning(
+                        "Ignoring invalid address in discovery answer: %s",
+                        repr(value)[:100],
+                    )
                 n = n + 1
                 key = "ip" + str(n)
 
-            if dev_ip:
-                client.disconnect()
+            if not addresses:
+                _LOGGER.warning("Device answer did not include an IP address")
+                failed = True
+                return
+
+            dev_ip = addresses
+            failed = False  # a complete answer wins over an earlier empty one
+            client.disconnect()
 
     def on_connect(client, userdata, flags, return_code):
         topic = "esphome/ping/" + dev_name
         _LOGGER.info("Send discover via MQTT broker topic: %s", topic)
         client.publish(topic, None, retain=False)
 
+    if stop_event is not None and stop_event.is_set():
+        # Teardown already started; don't open a broker connection at all
+        return []
+
+    def on_disconnect(client, userdata, result_code):
+        nonlocal failed
+        if result_code != 0:
+            _LOGGER.warning("Disconnected from MQTT broker (%s)", result_code)
+            failed = True
+
     mqtt_client = prepare(
         config, [topic], on_message, on_connect, username, password, client_id
     )
+    # Discovery is one-shot; prepare()'s reconnect-forever on_disconnect runs
+    # on the network thread and would make loop_stop() below join forever.
+    mqtt_client.on_disconnect = on_disconnect
 
-    mqtt_client.loop_start()
-    while timeout > 0:
-        if dev_ip is not None:
-            break
-        timeout -= 0.250
-        time.sleep(0.250)
-    mqtt_client.loop_stop()
+    if stop_event is None:
+        import threading
+
+        stop_event = threading.Event()  # never set; wait() below is a plain sleep
+    stopped = stop_event.is_set()  # teardown may have started during connect
+    try:
+        if not stopped:
+            mqtt_client.loop_start()
+            while timeout > 0:
+                if dev_ip is not None or failed:
+                    break
+                if stop_event.wait(0.250):
+                    stopped = True
+                    break
+                timeout -= 0.250
+    finally:
+        # A cleanup failure must not replace the discovery result or its
+        # EsphomeError; a second disconnect after on_message's is harmless.
+        try:
+            mqtt_client.disconnect()
+        except Exception:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
+            _LOGGER.debug("Error disconnecting from MQTT broker", exc_info=True)
+        mqtt_client.loop_stop()  # only signals and joins; does not raise
 
     if dev_ip is None:
+        if stopped:
+            # Aborted by the caller, not a failure; stay quiet
+            return []
         raise EsphomeError("Failed to find IP via MQTT")
 
-    _LOGGER.info("Found IP: %s", dev_ip)
+    _LOGGER.info("Found IP via MQTT broker: %s", ", ".join(dev_ip))
     return dev_ip
 
 
diff --git a/esphome/net_retry.py b/esphome/net_retry.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b91b333114
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/net_retry.py
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+"""Retry policy and raw HTTP entry point for downloads.
+
+Kept import-light on purpose: this module is imported at config time, so it
+must not pull in requests (a heavy import, ~85ms) at module scope.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+import logging
+import time
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Literal
+
+from esphome.happy_eyeballs import ensure_happy_eyeballs
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import requests
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# 3 tries with 2s/4s backoff, matching git.py's _NETWORK_MAX_ATTEMPTS.
+# Callers memoize failures so a flaky host pays this once per file per run.
+NETWORK_MAX_ATTEMPTS = 3
+
+
+def _is_permanent_dns_failure(e: BaseException) -> bool:
+    """Whether a hard socket.gaierror hides in ``e``'s exception chain.
+
+    EAI_AGAIN (flaky resolver) stays retryable; anything else is permanent
+    so offline builds fall back to their cache without sleeping first.
+    Narrower than git.py, which retries NXDOMAIN too.
+
+    Walks ``__cause__``, ``args`` (requests wraps MaxRetryError without
+    ``from``) and MaxRetryError's ``reason``, but not implicit
+    ``__context__``: an unrelated earlier attempt's resolution failure
+    must not reclassify an error it did not cause.
+    """
+    import socket
+
+    seen: set[int] = set()
+    stack: list[BaseException] = [e]
+    while stack:
+        exc = stack.pop()
+        if id(exc) in seen:
+            continue
+        if (
+            isinstance(exc, socket.gaierror)
+            and exc.errno is not None
+            and exc.errno != socket.EAI_AGAIN
+        ):
+            return True
+        seen.add(id(exc))
+        stack.extend(
+            nxt
+            for nxt in (
+                exc.__cause__,
+                getattr(exc, "reason", None),  # urllib3 MaxRetryError
+                *exc.args,
+            )
+            if isinstance(nxt, BaseException)
+        )
+    return False
+
+
+def is_transient_download_error(e: Exception) -> bool:
+    """Return True when a download failure is worth retrying.
+
+    Connection-level failures and HTTP 429/5xx are transient; hard DNS
+    failures, other HTTP errors, and local errors are permanent.
+    """
+    # Imported lazily: requests is a heavy import (~85ms) and is only
+    # needed when actually downloading, never during config validation.
+    import requests
+
+    if isinstance(e, requests.exceptions.HTTPError):
+        resp = e.response
+        return resp is not None and (resp.status_code == 429 or resp.status_code >= 500)
+    if isinstance(e, requests.exceptions.ConnectionError) and _is_permanent_dns_failure(
+        e
+    ):
+        return False
+    # SSLError (a ConnectionError subclass) stays transient on purpose: it
+    # also covers mid-handshake connection drops, not just bad certificates.
+    return isinstance(
+        e,
+        (
+            requests.exceptions.ConnectionError,
+            requests.exceptions.Timeout,
+            requests.exceptions.ChunkedEncodingError,
+            requests.exceptions.ContentDecodingError,
+        ),
+    )
+
+
+def fetch_with_retry[T](url: str, fetch: Callable[[], T], what: str = "Download") -> T:
+    """Run ``fetch``, retrying transient failures with 2s/4s backoff.
+
+    Permanent failures and the final attempt propagate to the caller;
+    ``what`` names the operation in the retry warning.
+    """
+    import requests
+
+    for attempt in range(1, NETWORK_MAX_ATTEMPTS):
+        try:
+            return fetch()
+        except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
+            if not is_transient_download_error(e):
+                raise
+            delay = 2**attempt
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "%s of %s failed: %s. Retrying in %d seconds... (attempt %d/%d)",
+                what,
+                url,
+                e,
+                delay,
+                attempt + 1,
+                NETWORK_MAX_ATTEMPTS,
+            )
+            time.sleep(delay)
+    return fetch()
+
+
+def http_request(
+    method: Literal["GET", "HEAD"],
+    url: str,
+    *,
+    timeout: float | tuple[float, float],
+    stream: bool = False,
+    headers: dict[str, str] | None = None,
+    allow_redirects: bool = True,
+) -> requests.Response:
+    """Perform one HTTP request with the Happy Eyeballs patch in place.
+
+    Every ESPHome file download funnels through here so the urllib3 patch
+    and the lazy requests import live in exactly one place. Status handling,
+    retries and streaming stay with the caller. The web server OTA and log
+    clients bypass this on purpose: they iterate already-resolved device
+    addresses themselves, so the patch buys them nothing.
+    """
+    import requests
+
+    ensure_happy_eyeballs()
+    # Dispatched through requests.get/head/... (not requests.request) so
+    # tests patching those entry points keep working.
+    return getattr(requests, method.lower())(
+        url,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        stream=stream,
+        headers=headers or {},
+        allow_redirects=allow_redirects,
+    )
diff --git a/esphome/platformio/ccache.py.script b/esphome/platformio/ccache.py.script
index cc08a8c044..22592a2398 100644
--- a/esphome/platformio/ccache.py.script
+++ b/esphome/platformio/ccache.py.script
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import os
-import shutil
 
 # pylint: disable=E0602
 Import("env")  # noqa
@@ -9,15 +8,17 @@ Import("env")  # noqa
 # esphome/platformio/toolchain.py); this script only supplies the SCons-level
 # mechanism.
 #
+# The binary comes pre-resolved in ESPHOME_CCACHE_PATH; _ccache_env() has
+# already stripped the Windows \\?\ prefix that cmd.exe cannot run.
+#
 # This is a "pre" script, so the platform's builder (which sets CC/CXX and
 # clones the construction environment for framework and library builds) runs
 # after it. Replacing CC/CXX here would be overwritten, and replacing them in
 # a "post" script would miss the already-cloned library environments. Wrapping
 # SPAWN instead is ordering-proof: clones copy the wrapper, and every compiler
 # invocation from every environment funnels through it at execution time.
-if (
-    os.environ.get("ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE") == "1"
-    and (ccache_path := shutil.which("ccache")) is not None
+if os.environ.get("ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE") == "1" and (
+    ccache_path := os.environ.get("ESPHOME_CCACHE_PATH")
 ):
     original_spawn = env["SPAWN"]
 
diff --git a/esphome/platformio/extra_script.py b/esphome/platformio/extra_script.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e04ccd1f55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/platformio/extra_script.py
@@ -0,0 +1,365 @@
+"""Run a PlatformIO library ``extraScript`` against a fake SCons env.
+
+The shim execs the script with a stand-in ``env``, captures ``env.Append``
+calls (everything else is a logged no-op), and folds the result into the
+library's build flags. No sandboxing: the script runs with full process
+access, so it carries the same trust as the library's own source.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+import logging
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+import shlex
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, NamedTuple
+
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError
+from esphome.platformio.library import ESPHOME_DATA_KEY, ESPHOME_DATA_LINK_FLAGS_KEY
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from esphome.platformio.library import ConvertedLibrary
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def apply_extra_script(
+    component: ConvertedLibrary,
+    board_mcu: Callable[[], str],
+    pio_platform: str,
+) -> None:
+    """Run a library's ``extraScript`` and fold its captured env vars into
+    ``build.flags``; ``board_mcu`` is a callable so it resolves lazily."""
+    extra_script = component.data.get("build", {}).get("extraScript")
+    if extra_script is None or extra_script == "":
+        return
+    if not isinstance(extra_script, str):
+        # A list/dict value would raise an opaque TypeError on the join below
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"extraScript of library {component.name} must be a string, "
+            f"got {type(extra_script).__name__}"
+        )
+    # Resolve and confine to the library's source dir so a malicious
+    # library.json can't escape (e.g. ``"extraScript": "../../etc/passwd"``).
+    source_path = component.source_dir
+    library_root = source_path.resolve()
+    script_path = (source_path / extra_script).resolve()
+    if not script_path.is_relative_to(library_root):
+        # More hostile than a missing script; must not be quieter than it
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"extraScript {extra_script} of library {component.name} escapes "
+            "the library directory"
+        )
+    if not script_path.is_file():
+        # A declared-but-absent script is a broken or half-downloaded
+        # package, not an unsupported script; PlatformIO fails on it too
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"extraScript {extra_script} of library {component.name} not found"
+        )
+    result = run_extra_script(
+        script_path,
+        library_dir=source_path,
+        board_mcu=board_mcu(),
+        pio_platform=pio_platform,
+    )
+    if link_flags := _str_entries(result.linkflags, "LINKFLAGS"):
+        # Kept apart from build.flags: the CMake emitters route those to
+        # target_compile_options, where a link flag is silently ineffective
+        esphome_data = component.data.setdefault(ESPHOME_DATA_KEY, {})
+        esphome_data.setdefault(ESPHOME_DATA_LINK_FLAGS_KEY, []).extend(link_flags)
+    extra_flags = captured_as_build_flags(result, library_dir=source_path)
+    if not extra_flags:
+        return
+    flags = component.data.setdefault("build", {}).setdefault("flags", [])
+    if isinstance(flags, str):
+        flags = [flags]
+    elif not isinstance(flags, list):
+        # A null/dict value coerced through a list wrapper would inject a
+        # non-string into the compiler command line; fail naming the library
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"Library {component.name} has a malformed build.flags "
+            f"({type(flags).__name__}); expected a string or list"
+        )
+    component.data["build"]["flags"] = [*flags, *extra_flags]
+
+
+# Keys we know how to translate back into ESPHome's build-flag pipeline.
+# Other env.Append kwargs are recorded but ignored downstream.
+_CAPTURED_KEYS = frozenset(
+    {"CPPPATH", "LIBPATH", "LIBS", "CPPDEFINES", "LINKFLAGS", "CPPFLAGS"}
+)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ExtraScriptResult:
+    """Build-var deltas captured from a PIO extra-script ``env.Append`` call."""
+
+    cpppath: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
+    libpath: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
+    libs: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
+    cppdefines: list[CppDefine] = field(default_factory=list)
+    linkflags: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
+    cppflags: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
+
+
+class CppDefine(NamedTuple):
+    """One normalized CPPDEFINES entry; a ``value`` of None is a bare -DNAME."""
+
+    name: str
+    value: str | None = None
+
+
+def _cppdefine(entry: Any) -> CppDefine | None:
+    """Normalize one CPPDEFINES element, or warn and drop an unsupported
+    shape; formatting those blind would hand the compiler garbage like
+    ``-D{'FOO': '1'}``."""
+    if isinstance(entry, str):
+        return CppDefine(entry)
+    if (
+        isinstance(entry, (tuple, list))
+        and len(entry) == 2
+        and isinstance(entry[0], (str, int))
+        and isinstance(entry[1], (str, int, type(None)))
+    ):
+        value = entry[1]
+        return CppDefine(str(entry[0]), None if value is None else str(value))
+    _LOGGER.warning("Ignoring unsupported CPPDEFINES entry %r", entry)
+    return None
+
+
+def _cppdefines_items(value: Any) -> list[CppDefine]:
+    """Normalize SCons ``processDefines`` spellings into ``CppDefine``s: a
+    bare 2-tuple is one ``name=value`` pair, a dict maps names to values, a
+    list is element-wise."""
+    if isinstance(value, tuple) and len(value) == 2:
+        elements: list[Any] = [value]
+    elif isinstance(value, dict):
+        elements = list(value.items())
+    else:
+        elements = list(value) if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)) else [value]
+    return [d for e in elements if (d := _cppdefine(e)) is not None]
+
+
+class _FakeSConsEnv:
+    """Minimal SCons ``Environment`` stand-in: ``get`` and ``Append`` work;
+    every other method is a swallowed no-op so scripts don't abort."""
+
+    def __init__(self, *, board_mcu: str, pio_env: str, pio_platform: str) -> None:
+        self._vars: dict[str, str] = {
+            "BOARD_MCU": board_mcu,
+            "PIOPLATFORM": pio_platform,
+            "PIOENV": pio_env,
+        }
+        self.result = ExtraScriptResult()
+        self._warned_methods: set[str] = set()
+        self._warned_keys: set[str] = set()
+        self._warned_gets: set[str] = set()
+
+    # ----- SCons env API the common scripts use -----
+
+    def get(self, key: str, default: str | None = None) -> str | None:
+        if key not in self._vars and key not in self._warned_gets:
+            # A script branching on an unmodelled var silently takes the
+            # default branch; make that diagnosable from a normal build log
+            self._warned_gets.add(key)
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "PIO extra-script env.get(%r) is not modelled; returning the default",
+                key,
+            )
+        return self._vars.get(key, default)
+
+    def __contains__(self, key: object) -> bool:
+        # Without this, "KEY" in env falls back to the legacy sequence
+        # protocol: __getitem__(0), (1), ... never raises, so it loops
+        # forever flooding the log
+        return key in self._vars
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return iter(self._vars)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> str:
+        # Scripts also read env["BOARD_MCU"]; an unmodelled subscript
+        # degrades one branch instead of discarding the whole capture
+        if key not in self._vars and key not in self._warned_gets:
+            self._warned_gets.add(key)
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "PIO extra-script env[%r] is not modelled; returning ''", key
+            )
+        return self._vars.get(key, "")
+
+    def Append(self, **kwargs) -> None:  # noqa: N802 (SCons API name)
+        self._add(kwargs, prepend=False)
+
+    def Prepend(self, **kwargs) -> None:  # noqa: N802 (SCons API name)
+        self._add(kwargs, prepend=True)
+
+    def _add(self, kwargs: dict[str, Any], *, prepend: bool) -> None:
+        for key, value in kwargs.items():
+            if key not in _CAPTURED_KEYS:
+                # Warn once per key so a loop of Appends cannot spam
+                if key not in self._warned_keys:
+                    self._warned_keys.add(key)
+                    _LOGGER.warning(
+                        "PIO extra-script env.Append(%s=...) is not captured; ignoring",
+                        key,
+                    )
+                continue
+            if key == "CPPDEFINES":
+                items = _cppdefines_items(value)
+            else:
+                items = list(value) if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)) else [value]
+            bucket = getattr(self.result, key.lower())
+            if prepend:
+                # SCons order: new values ahead of what is already there
+                # (scripts prepend LIBS for static-link symbol resolution)
+                bucket[:0] = items
+            else:
+                bucket.extend(items)
+
+    # Dedup is not modelled; a repeated flag is harmless on the command line
+    AppendUnique = Append
+    PrependUnique = Prepend
+
+    # ----- Everything else is a no-op so unsupported scripts don't crash -----
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str):
+        if name.startswith("__") and name.endswith("__"):
+            # Protocol probes (copy, pickle, iteration) are not script calls
+            raise AttributeError(name)
+        if name not in self._warned_methods:
+            # Warn on access, not call: hasattr()/truthiness branches would
+            # otherwise silently take the wrong path; a script whose whole
+            # effect is env.Replace() stays diagnosable either way
+            self._warned_methods.add(name)
+            _LOGGER.warning("PIO extra-script env.%s is not supported; ignoring", name)
+
+        def _noop(*args, **kwargs):
+            return None
+
+        return _noop
+
+
+def run_extra_script(
+    script_path: Path,
+    *,
+    library_dir: Path,
+    board_mcu: str,
+    pio_platform: str,
+) -> ExtraScriptResult:
+    """Execute ``script_path`` with a fake SCons env, ``library_dir`` as CWD.
+
+    A crashed script warns and returns an empty result, never a partial
+    capture."""
+    env = _FakeSConsEnv(
+        board_mcu=board_mcu,
+        pio_env=f"esphome_{board_mcu}",
+        pio_platform=pio_platform,
+    )
+    try:
+        source = script_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+    except OSError as err:
+        # An unreadable declared script is a broken package, exactly like a
+        # missing one; must not be quieter than that case
+        raise EsphomeError(f"extraScript {script_path} is unreadable: {err}") from err
+    except UnicodeDecodeError as e:
+        # A content problem, best-effort like a SyntaxError below
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "PIO extra-script %s (in %s) is not UTF-8 (%r); ignoring its output",
+            script_path,
+            library_dir.name,
+            e,
+        )
+        return ExtraScriptResult()
+    old_cwd = Path.cwd()
+    try:
+        # Inside the try: a SyntaxError in a vendored script is just as
+        # best-effort as a runtime failure
+        code = compile(source, str(script_path), "exec")
+        os.chdir(library_dir)
+        exec(  # noqa: S102 pylint: disable=exec-used
+            code,
+            {
+                "Import": lambda *_args: None,  # SCons-side import; harmless here
+                "env": env,
+                "__file__": str(script_path),
+                "__name__": "__pio_extra_script__",
+            },
+        )
+    except SystemExit as e:
+        if not e.code:
+            # sys.exit() / sys.exit(0) is a normal PlatformIO script ending;
+            # the capture is complete
+            return env.result
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "PIO extra-script %s (in %s) exited with status %r; ignoring its output",
+            script_path,
+            library_dir.name,
+            e.code,
+        )
+        return ExtraScriptResult()
+    except Exception as e:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
+        # Discard any partial capture: half-applied flags could build wrong
+        # firmware that links cleanly.
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "PIO extra-script %s (in %s) raised %r; ignoring its output",
+            script_path,
+            library_dir.name,
+            e,
+        )
+        return ExtraScriptResult()
+    finally:
+        os.chdir(old_cwd)
+    return env.result
+
+
+def _str_entries(bucket: list, kind: str) -> list[str]:
+    # Third-party scripts legally append SCons nodes, ints, or dicts;
+    # stringifying those into flags would hand the compiler garbage
+    good = [entry for entry in bucket if isinstance(entry, str)]
+    for entry in bucket:
+        if not isinstance(entry, str):
+            _LOGGER.warning("Ignoring unsupported %s entry %r", kind, entry)
+    return good
+
+
+def captured_as_build_flags(
+    result: ExtraScriptResult, *, library_dir: Path
+) -> list[str]:
+    """Translate captured env vars into -L/-l/-D/raw build flags; path
+    entries anchor to ``library_dir`` so the build files stay portable."""
+    flags: list[str] = []
+    library_root = library_dir.resolve()
+
+    def _anchored(path: str) -> str:
+        # Anchor relative paths to library_dir; the script's CWD has been
+        # restored by now
+        resolved = (library_dir / path).resolve()
+        try:
+            return str(resolved.relative_to(library_root))
+        except ValueError:
+            return str(resolved)
+
+    # shlex.quote so a spaced path survives lex_build_flags as one token
+    flags.extend(
+        f"-I{shlex.quote(_anchored(path))}"
+        for path in _str_entries(result.cpppath, "CPPPATH")
+    )
+    flags.extend(
+        f"-L{shlex.quote(_anchored(path))}"
+        for path in _str_entries(result.libpath, "LIBPATH")
+    )
+    flags.extend(f"-l{shlex.quote(lib)}" for lib in _str_entries(result.libs, "LIBS"))
+    for define in result.cppdefines:
+        if define.value is None:
+            # {"FOO": None} / ("FOO", None) is a bare -DFOO in SCons
+            flags.append(shlex.quote(f"-D{define.name}"))
+        else:
+            flags.append(shlex.quote(f"-D{define.name}={define.value}"))
+    # Each captured entry is one argv token in SCons; quote so the
+    # lex_build_flags round-trip cannot split a spaced value into two.
+    # LINKFLAGS are deliberately absent: they travel via
+    # ESPHOME_DATA_LINK_FLAGS_KEY straight to the link line.
+    flags.extend(shlex.quote(f) for f in _str_entries(result.cppflags, "CPPFLAGS"))
+    return flags
diff --git a/esphome/platformio/library.py b/esphome/platformio/library.py
index ee0a758a31..3ff60f8aaa 100644
--- a/esphome/platformio/library.py
+++ b/esphome/platformio/library.py
@@ -13,8 +13,9 @@ regardless of which toolchain consumes the result.
 """
 
 from collections import deque
-from collections.abc import Callable
+from collections.abc import Callable, Hashable, Iterable
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from functools import partial
 import glob
 import hashlib
 import itertools
@@ -23,14 +24,19 @@ import logging
 import os
 from pathlib import Path, PurePosixPath
 import re
-import tempfile
 from typing import Any
 from urllib.parse import urlsplit, urlunsplit
 from urllib.request import url2pathname
 
 from esphome import git
 from esphome.core import CORE, EsphomeError, Library
-from esphome.framework_helpers import archive_extract_all, download_from_mirrors, rmdir
+from esphome.framework_helpers import (
+    download_and_extract,
+    failure_reason,
+    rmdir,
+    run_batch_downloads,
+    warn_prefetch_failures,
+)
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -47,25 +53,44 @@ DEFAULT_BUILD_SRC_FILTER = (
 DEFAULT_BUILD_SRC_DIRS = "src"
 DEFAULT_BUILD_INCLUDE_DIR = "include"
 DEFAULT_BUILD_FLAGS = []
-SRC_FILE_EXTENSIONS = [
-    ".c",
-    ".cpp",
-    ".cc",
-    ".cxx",
-    ".c++",
-    ".S",
-    ".spp",
-    ".SPP",
-    ".sx",
-    ".s",
-    ".asm",
-    ".ASM",
-]
+# Suffix -> compiler kind (PlatformIO's CSUFFIXES/CXXSUFFIXES/ASSUFFIXES);
+# "aspp" is SCons's preprocessed-assembly set, "asm" its plain-assembler
+# set (no preprocessor, defines, or includes). Per CXXSUFFIXES .C/.C++ are
+# C++ here, even where SCons demotes .C on case-insensitive filesystems.
+SOURCE_KIND_FOR_SUFFIX: dict[str, str] = {
+    ".c": "c",
+    ".cpp": "cxx",
+    ".cc": "cxx",
+    ".cxx": "cxx",
+    ".c++": "cxx",
+    ".C": "cxx",
+    ".C++": "cxx",
+    ".S": "aspp",
+    ".spp": "aspp",
+    ".SPP": "aspp",
+    ".sx": "aspp",
+    ".s": "asm",
+    ".asm": "asm",
+    ".ASM": "asm",
+}
+SRC_FILE_EXTENSIONS = list(SOURCE_KIND_FOR_SUFFIX)
+# Suffixes that count as headers when probing whether a library has any
+# usable files at all (compare against Path.suffix.lower())
+LIBRARY_HEADER_SUFFIXES = frozenset(
+    {".h", ".hpp", ".hh", ".hxx", ".inc", ".ipp", ".tcc"}
+)
 
 DOMAIN = "pio_components"
 
+# Marks a cache dir whose archive finished extracting; a missing marker
+# means a torn extraction that must be redone
+_EXTRACTED_MARKER = ".esphome_extracted"
+
 ESPHOME_DATA_KEY = "ESPHOME"
 ESPHOME_DATA_EXTRA_CMAKE_KEY = "EXTRA_CMAKE"
+# Captured extra-script LINKFLAGS; kept apart from build.flags so they reach
+# the link line (target_link_options), not target_compile_options
+ESPHOME_DATA_LINK_FLAGS_KEY = "LINK_FLAGS"
 
 
 class Source:
@@ -74,6 +99,17 @@ class Source:
     ) -> Path:
         raise NotImplementedError
 
+    def prefetch_key(self, dir_suffix: str) -> Hashable | None:
+        """Prefetch dedup identity; None = not prefetchable. Sources that
+        could write one cache dir must return equal keys (workers must never
+        share a dir); a coarser key only skips a prefetch."""
+        return None
+
+    def is_cached(self, dir_suffix: str, salt: str = "", namespace: str = "") -> bool:
+        """Whether a completed fetch exists; only consulted when
+        ``prefetch_key()`` is not None, True is the safe default."""
+        return True
+
     def source_root(self, build_path: Path) -> Path:
         """Directory holding the library's own files (manifest + sources).
 
@@ -84,12 +120,13 @@ class Source:
 
 
 class URLSource(Source):
-    def __init__(self, url: str):
+    def __init__(self, url: str, size: int | None = None):
         self.url = url
+        # Archive size as reported by the registry, when known; sizes the
+        # combined prefetch bar without any extra network probe
+        self.size = size
 
-    def download(
-        self, dir_suffix: str, force: bool = False, salt: str = "", namespace: str = ""
-    ) -> Path:
+    def _cache_dir(self, dir_suffix: str, salt: str, namespace: str) -> Path:
         # Namespace the cache per backend (e.g. pio_components/idf, .../zephyr) so
         # the build files each backend writes into the library dir can't collide.
         base_dir = Path(CORE.data_dir) / DOMAIN
@@ -99,26 +136,50 @@ class URLSource(Source):
         h.update(self.url.encode())
         if salt:
             h.update(salt.encode())
-        path = base_dir / h.hexdigest()[:8] / dir_suffix
+        return base_dir / h.hexdigest()[:8] / dir_suffix
+
+    def prefetch_key(self, dir_suffix: str) -> Hashable | None:
+        return self.url if self.size else None
+
+    def is_cached(self, dir_suffix: str, salt: str = "", namespace: str = "") -> bool:
+        """Whether a completed extraction already exists for this source."""
+        return (
+            self._cache_dir(dir_suffix, salt, namespace) / _EXTRACTED_MARKER
+        ).is_file()
+
+    def download(
+        self,
+        dir_suffix: str,
+        force: bool = False,
+        salt: str = "",
+        namespace: str = "",
+        progress: Callable[[int], None] | None = None,
+    ) -> Path:
+        path = self._cache_dir(dir_suffix, salt, namespace)
         # Marker file written last to signal a complete extraction. Using a
         # marker (instead of just `path.is_dir()`) means an interrupted
         # extraction is correctly detected and re-run on the next invocation,
         # and lets us extract directly into ``path`` — avoiding a
         # post-extraction rename that races with antivirus on Windows.
-        extracted_marker = path / ".esphome_extracted"
+        extracted_marker = path / _EXTRACTED_MARKER
         if not extracted_marker.is_file() or force:
             rmdir(path, msg=f"Clean up library directory {path}")
 
-            # Download in temporary file
-            with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as tmp:
+            if progress is None:
+                # A batch caller draws one combined bar and logs the list
                 _LOGGER.info("Downloading %s ...", self.url)
-                _LOGGER.debug("Location: %s", path)
+            _LOGGER.debug("Location: %s", path)
 
-                download_from_mirrors([self.url], {}, tmp.file)
-
-                _LOGGER.debug("Extracting archive to %s ...", path)
-                archive_extract_all(tmp.file, path)
-                extracted_marker.touch()
+            # The sibling archive path lets an interrupted download's .part
+            # file survive and resume on the next esphome run.
+            download_and_extract(
+                [self.url],
+                {},
+                path.with_name(f"{path.name}.archive"),
+                path,
+                progress=progress,
+            )
+            extracted_marker.touch()
         return path
 
     def __str__(self):
@@ -130,14 +191,29 @@ class GitSource(Source):
         self.url = url
         self.ref = ref
 
-    def download(
-        self, dir_suffix: str, force: bool = False, salt: str = "", namespace: str = ""
-    ) -> Path:
+    @staticmethod
+    def _domain(salt: str, namespace: str) -> str:
         domain = DOMAIN
         if namespace:
             domain = f"{domain}/{namespace}"
         if salt:
             domain = f"{domain}/{salt}"
+        return domain
+
+    def prefetch_key(self, dir_suffix: str) -> Hashable | None:
+        # The clone target dir is hash(url@ref)/<dir_suffix>
+        return (self.url, self.ref, dir_suffix)
+
+    def is_cached(self, dir_suffix: str, salt: str = "", namespace: str = "") -> bool:
+        """Whether a completed clone already exists for this source."""
+        return git.has_complete_clone(
+            self.url, self.ref, self._domain(salt, namespace), Path(dir_suffix)
+        )
+
+    def download(
+        self, dir_suffix: str, force: bool = False, salt: str = "", namespace: str = ""
+    ) -> Path:
+        domain = self._domain(salt, namespace)
         path, _ = git.clone_or_update(
             url=self.url,
             ref=self.ref,
@@ -203,6 +279,11 @@ class InvalidLibrary(Exception):
     pass
 
 
+class IncompatiblePlatform(InvalidLibrary):
+    """The routine cross-platform skip, typed so callers need not match
+    message text."""
+
+
 class ConvertedLibrary:
     """A resolved PlatformIO library plus its parsed manifest and on-disk path.
 
@@ -282,6 +363,11 @@ class LibraryBackend:
     framework: str
     emit: Callable[["ConvertedLibrary"], None]
     cache_key: str
+    # Owner-less names this returns True for are skipped by the walk;
+    # the backend supplies them itself (e.g. core-bundled libraries) and
+    # reconciles provided_requests after resolving
+    provides: Callable[[str], bool] | None = None
+    provided_requests: set[str] = field(default_factory=set)
 
 
 def ensure_list[T](obj: T | list[T]) -> list[T]:
@@ -401,7 +487,28 @@ def split_list_by_condition(
     return matched, non_matched
 
 
-def check_library_data(data: dict, platform: str | None, framework: str):
+def _valid_manifest_shape(data: Any) -> bool:
+    """Whether the manifest has the dict shapes every backend dereferences.
+
+    A bare json.load imposes no shape; validating once here means a
+    malformed third-party manifest fails by library name instead of a raw
+    TypeError/AttributeError in a backend.
+    """
+    if not isinstance(data, dict):
+        return False
+    build = data.get("build", {})
+    esphome_data = data.get(ESPHOME_DATA_KEY, {})
+    return (
+        isinstance(build, dict)
+        and isinstance(esphome_data, dict)
+        and isinstance(esphome_data.get(ESPHOME_DATA_LINK_FLAGS_KEY, []), list)
+        and isinstance(build.get("srcDir", ""), str)
+        and isinstance(build.get("includeDir", ""), str)
+        and isinstance(build.get("srcFilter", ""), (str, list))
+    )
+
+
+def check_library_data(data: dict, platform: str | None, framework: str | None):
     """
     Check whether a library manifest is compatible with the target toolchain.
 
@@ -418,7 +525,8 @@ def check_library_data(data: dict, platform: str | None, framework: str):
             for targets (e.g. Zephyr) where PIO manifests rarely declare the
             platform yet portable libraries still build.
         framework: The active framework name (e.g. ``espidf``, ``arduino``,
-            ``zephyr``) the manifest is expected to declare.
+            ``zephyr``) the manifest is expected to declare. ``None`` skips
+            the framework check (and its warning), mirroring ``platform``.
 
     Raises:
         InvalidLibrary: If the library does not support the target platform.
@@ -427,24 +535,29 @@ def check_library_data(data: dict, platform: str | None, framework: str):
     if isinstance(platforms, str):
         platforms = [a.strip() for a in platforms.split(",")]
     platforms = ensure_list(platforms)
+    if not all(isinstance(pf, str) for pf in platforms):
+        # A real (non-platform) manifest problem; callers warn, not skip
+        raise InvalidLibrary(f"Malformed platforms value: {platforms!r}")
 
     # Check if library supports the target platform
     valid_platforms = platform is None or "*" in platforms or platform in platforms
 
     if not valid_platforms:
-        raise InvalidLibrary(f"Unsupported library platforms: {platforms}")
+        raise IncompatiblePlatform(f"Unsupported library platforms: {platforms}")
 
     frameworks = data.get("frameworks", "*")
     if isinstance(frameworks, str):
         frameworks = [a.strip() for a in frameworks.split(",")]
     frameworks = ensure_list(frameworks)
+    if not all(isinstance(fw, str) for fw in frameworks):
+        raise InvalidLibrary(f"Malformed frameworks value: {frameworks!r}")
 
     # Check if library declares the active framework. PIO library manifests
     # often list only "arduino" even when the library actually compiles fine
     # under the target framework, and there's no way to opt out of the check at
     # this layer. Warn instead of failing so the user isn't forced to fork the
     # library to fix the manifest.
-    valid_framework = "*" in frameworks or framework in frameworks
+    valid_framework = framework is None or "*" in frameworks or framework in frameworks
 
     if not valid_framework:
         _LOGGER.warning(
@@ -455,7 +568,7 @@ def check_library_data(data: dict, platform: str | None, framework: str):
         )
 
 
-def _parse_library_json(library_json_path: PathType):
+def parse_library_json(library_json_path: PathType):
     """
     Load and parse a JSON file describing a library.
 
@@ -469,7 +582,7 @@ def _parse_library_json(library_json_path: PathType):
         return json.load(fp)
 
 
-def _parse_library_properties(library_properties_path: PathType):
+def parse_library_properties(library_properties_path: PathType):
     """
     Parse a key-value platformio .properties style file into a dictionary.
 
@@ -518,9 +631,10 @@ def _make_registry_client() -> Any:
 
 def _resolve_registry_version(
     owner: str | None, pkgname: str, requirements: set[str]
-) -> tuple[str, str, str, str]:
+) -> tuple[str, str, str, str, int | None]:
     """Resolve a registry package to the single highest version satisfying ALL
-    the given requirements; return ``(owner, name, version, download_url)``.
+    the given requirements; return ``(owner, name, version, download_url,
+    size)`` (``size`` is None when the registry omits it).
 
     Intersecting every requirement (rather than resolving each consumer in
     isolation) makes the result independent of processing order and guarantees
@@ -550,22 +664,134 @@ def _resolve_registry_version(
     pkgfile = registry.pick_compatible_pkg_file(best["files"])
     if not pkgfile:
         raise RuntimeError(f"No package file for {owner}/{name}@{best['name']}")
-    return owner, name, best["name"], pkgfile["download_url"]
+    return owner, name, best["name"], pkgfile["download_url"], pkgfile.get("size")
 
 
-def _normalize_dependencies(dependencies: Any) -> list[dict]:
+def split_flag_entry(entry: Any, owner: str) -> list[str]:
+    """``shlex.split`` with a clean error naming the offending flags entry."""
+    # Late import: shlex is only needed when actually lexing flags
+    import shlex
+
+    try:
+        return shlex.split(entry)
+    except (ValueError, AttributeError, TypeError) as err:
+        # AttributeError/TypeError: a dict or number from a third-party
+        # manifest; name the entry instead of an opaque shlex traceback
+        raise EsphomeError(f"Malformed build flag {entry!r} in {owner}: {err}") from err
+
+
+def lex_build_flags(entries: str | list[str], owner: str) -> list[str]:
+    """Shell-lex ``build.flags`` entries the way PlatformIO's ParseFlags
+    does; bare -I/-L/-l/-D tokens re-glue to their argument."""
+    # Lex per entry as ParseFlags does: a dangling -I must warn, not absorb
+    # the next entry's first token
+    return [
+        token
+        for entry in ensure_list(entries)
+        for token in join_flag_args(split_flag_entry(entry, owner), owner)
+    ]
+
+
+# Flags whose argument may follow as a separate token; ParseFlags glues them
+BARE_ARG_FLAGS = frozenset({"-I", "-L", "-l", "-D"})
+
+
+def join_flag_args(tokens: Iterable[str], owner: str) -> list[str]:
+    """Join a bare ``-I``/``-L``/``-l``/``-D`` with its following token, as
+    PlatformIO's ParseFlags does. A trailing or empty argument is warned and
+    dropped: the bare flag would make gcc eat the next flag."""
+    out: list[str] = []
+    it = iter(tokens)
+    for tok in it:
+        if tok in BARE_ARG_FLAGS:
+            arg = next(it, None)
+            if arg is None:
+                _LOGGER.warning("Ignoring trailing '%s' in %s build flags", tok, owner)
+                break
+            if not arg:
+                _LOGGER.warning(
+                    "Ignoring '%s' with empty argument in %s build flags", tok, owner
+                )
+                continue
+            tok += arg
+        out.append(tok)
+    return out
+
+
+def warn_properties_depends(name: str, data: object) -> None:
+    """Warn for ``depends=``-only manifests; the walk reads only the JSON
+    ``dependencies`` key, so they would otherwise drop silently."""
+    if isinstance(data, dict) and not data.get("dependencies") and data.get("depends"):
+        # INFO: common and unactionable for transitive libraries; a WARNING
+        # on every build would train users to ignore the stream
+        _LOGGER.info(
+            "Library %s declares dependencies via library.properties "
+            "depends=, which are not resolved automatically; add them with "
+            "add_library() if needed",
+            name,
+        )
+
+
+def dependency_is_usable(
+    dep: dict, platform: str | None, framework: str, requester: str
+) -> bool:
+    """Compatibility filter for a manifest dependency: platform mismatches
+    skip at debug, any other ``InvalidLibrary`` warns naming the requester."""
+    try:
+        check_library_data(dep, platform, framework)
+    except IncompatiblePlatform as e:
+        _LOGGER.debug("Skip dependency %s of %s: %s", dep.get("name"), requester, e)
+        return False
+    except InvalidLibrary as e:
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "Skipping dependency %s of %s: %s", dep.get("name"), requester, e
+        )
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
+def _valid_dependency_entry(entry: dict, manifest_name: str) -> bool:
+    """Whether a normalized entry carries a usable name (non-empty string),
+    version (string, if present), and owner (string, if present); invalid
+    entries warn naming the manifest."""
+    name = entry.get("name")
+    owner = entry.get("owner")
+    name_ok = isinstance(name, str) and name
+    version_ok = "version" not in entry or isinstance(entry["version"], str)
+    owner_ok = owner is None or isinstance(owner, str)
+    if name_ok and version_ok and owner_ok:
+        return True
+    _LOGGER.warning(
+        "Ignoring unrecognized dependency entry %r of %s", entry, manifest_name
+    )
+    return False
+
+
+def normalize_dependencies(
+    dependencies: Any, manifest_name: str = "manifest"
+) -> list[dict]:
     """Normalize a library manifest's ``dependencies`` to a list of dicts.
 
-    PIO's library.json accepts both the list-of-dicts form and the shorthand
-    dict form (``{"owner/Name": "version_spec"}``); normalize the latter so
-    callers see a uniform list.
+    PIO's library.json accepts the list-of-dicts form, the shorthand dict
+    form (``{"owner/Name": "version_spec"}``), bare name strings inside the
+    list, and a plain (possibly comma-separated) string; normalize them all
+    so callers see a uniform list. ``manifest_name`` names the manifest in the
+    warning for entries that cannot be normalized.
+
+    Bare-name spellings carry no version; the dependency walk later drops
+    version-less entries at DEBUG, since they are usually names of bundled
+    framework libraries (Wire, SPI) that need no registry install.
     """
-    if not dependencies:
+    if dependencies is None:
         return []
+    if isinstance(dependencies, str):
+        # A plain string is one or more comma-separated names; iterating it
+        # as a list would shred it into one-character "libraries"
+        return [{"name": n.strip()} for n in dependencies.split(",") if n.strip()]
     if isinstance(dependencies, dict):
         normalized = []
         for raw_name, spec in dependencies.items():
-            if "/" in raw_name:
+            if isinstance(raw_name, str) and "/" in raw_name:
                 owner, pkgname = raw_name.split("/", 1)
             else:
                 owner, pkgname = None, raw_name
@@ -574,9 +800,31 @@ def _normalize_dependencies(dependencies: Any) -> list[dict]:
                 entry.update(spec)
             else:
                 entry["version"] = spec
-            normalized.append(entry)
+            if _valid_dependency_entry(entry, manifest_name):
+                normalized.append(entry)
         return normalized
-    return [d for d in dependencies if isinstance(d, dict)]
+    if not isinstance(dependencies, (list, tuple)):
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "Ignoring unrecognized dependencies %r of %s",
+            dependencies,
+            manifest_name,
+        )
+        return []
+    normalized = []
+    for entry in dependencies:
+        if isinstance(entry, dict):
+            if _valid_dependency_entry(entry, manifest_name):
+                normalized.append(entry)
+        elif isinstance(entry, str) and entry:
+            # PIO also accepts a bare list of names ("dependencies": ["Wire"])
+            normalized.append({"name": entry})
+        else:
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "Ignoring unrecognized dependency entry %r of %s",
+                entry,
+                manifest_name,
+            )
+    return normalized
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -688,6 +936,171 @@ def _node_key(
     return name, "registry", (owner, pkgname)
 
 
+def lib_ignore_set() -> set[str]:
+    """The ``lib_ignore`` names from ``esphome->platformio_options``,
+    normalized to lowercase short names (the part after the ``/``)."""
+    return {
+        name.split("/")[-1].lower()
+        for name in CORE.platformio_options.get("lib_ignore", [])
+    }
+
+
+def is_lib_ignored(name: str | None, lib_ignore: set[str]) -> bool:
+    """Whether ``name`` matches the normalized ``lib_ignore`` set."""
+    return (
+        bool(lib_ignore)
+        and name is not None
+        and (name.split("/")[-1].lower() in lib_ignore)
+    )
+
+
+def _reconcile_versionless_skips(
+    skipped_versionless: list[tuple[Any, Any, str]],
+    components: dict[str, ConvertedLibrary],
+    backend: LibraryBackend,
+) -> None:
+    """Warn for version-less deps nothing satisfied, and record the
+    backend-provided ones in ``backend.provided_requests`` for its
+    post-emit reconciliation; a silent drop surfaces as link errors far
+    from the cause."""
+    resolved_manifest_names = {c.data.get("name") for c in components.values()}
+    # A treeless backend can never supply a bundled name; noise for it
+    log = _LOGGER.warning if backend.provides is not None else _LOGGER.debug
+    warned: set[str] = set()
+    for dep_name, dep_owner, requester in skipped_versionless:
+        if not isinstance(dep_name, str) or not dep_name or dep_name in warned:
+            continue
+        if dep_name in components:
+            # A version-less dep's request key is the name itself
+            continue
+        if (
+            not dep_owner
+            and backend.provides is not None
+            and backend.provides(dep_name)
+        ):
+            # provides() only satisfies owner-less names (same guard as
+            # the walk's skip); record for the post-emit reconciliation.
+            # Checked before the manifest-name evidence so the overlap
+            # case warns once, in the backend's own suppression loop
+            backend.provided_requests.add(dep_name)
+            continue
+        if dep_name in resolved_manifest_names:
+            # Name-only evidence: a coincidental collision must stay
+            # visible where the user could pin it
+            warned.add(dep_name)
+            log(
+                "Version-less dependency %s of %s assumed satisfied by a "
+                "resolved library's manifest name only",
+                dep_name,
+                requester,
+            )
+            continue
+        warned.add(dep_name)
+        log(
+            "Dependency %s of %s has no version to resolve and nothing "
+            "provides it; skipping",
+            dep_name,
+            requester,
+        )
+
+
+def _fetch_source(
+    component: ConvertedLibrary,
+    salt: str,
+    namespace: str,
+    tracker: Callable[[int], None],
+) -> None:
+    # Straight to URLSource: only it takes progress, and mutating the
+    # shared component from a worker is the authoritative loop's job
+    component.source.download(
+        component.get_sanitized_name(), salt=salt, namespace=namespace, progress=tracker
+    )
+
+
+def _clone_source(
+    component: ConvertedLibrary,
+    salt: str,
+    namespace: str,
+    tracker: Callable[[int], None],
+) -> None:
+    # No byte progress from git; one tick so a cancelled batch stops here
+    tracker(0)
+    component.source.download(
+        component.get_sanitized_name(), salt=salt, namespace=namespace
+    )
+
+
+def _prefetch_wave(
+    wave: list[tuple[str, ConvertedLibrary]], salt: str, namespace: str
+) -> None:
+    """Best-effort parallel fetch of a wave's registry archives and git clones.
+
+    The walk's own ``download()`` stays authoritative; duplicate sources
+    prefetch once so two threads never share a cache directory. Archives
+    whose size the registry did not report are left to the sequential
+    loop, whose per-file bars don't interleave. A node a sibling in the
+    same wave supersedes has its source fetched in vain (knowing better
+    would need the manifests being downloaded).
+    """
+    try:
+        archives: list[ConvertedLibrary] = []
+        clones: list[ConvertedLibrary] = []
+        seen: set[Hashable] = set()
+        for _key, component in wave:
+            source = component.source
+            name = component.get_sanitized_name()
+            dedup_key = source.prefetch_key(name)
+            if dedup_key is None or dedup_key in seen:
+                continue
+            seen.add(dedup_key)
+            try:
+                cached = source.is_cached(name, salt=salt, namespace=namespace)
+            except OSError as err:
+                # Best-effort, but visibly: a systematic probe failure makes
+                # every warm build re-fetch every source
+                _LOGGER.warning("Cache probe for %s failed: %s", component.name, err)
+                cached = False
+            if cached:
+                # A warm build must stay silent
+                continue
+            (archives if isinstance(source, URLSource) else clones).append(component)
+        if not archives and not clones:
+            return
+        # Single-item waves (a dependency chain discovers one archive per
+        # wave) go through the same runner: one download method, one bar
+        if archives:
+            _LOGGER.info(
+                "Downloading %d library archive(s): %s",
+                len(archives),
+                ", ".join(c.name for c in archives),
+            )
+        if clones:
+            _LOGGER.info(
+                "Cloning %d library repo(s): %s",
+                len(clones),
+                ", ".join(c.name for c in clones),
+            )
+        failures = run_batch_downloads(
+            "Downloading libraries",
+            [
+                (c.name, c.source.size, partial(_fetch_source, c, salt, namespace))
+                for c in archives
+            ]
+            # Size 0: clones share the worker pool without skewing the
+            # byte bar, whose total stays the archive sum
+            + [(c.name, 0, partial(_clone_source, c, salt, namespace)) for c in clones],
+        )
+        # The sequential call below retries and raises the real error
+        warn_prefetch_failures(
+            failures, "Prefetch of %s failed (retrying sequentially): %s"
+        )
+    except Exception as err:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
+        # Same policy as the ESP-IDF twin: the prefetch must never become a
+        # new way for the build to fail
+        _LOGGER.warning("Library prefetch failed: %s", failure_reason(err))
+        _LOGGER.debug("Prefetch failure detail", exc_info=True)
+
+
 def convert_libraries(
     libraries: list[Library], backend: LibraryBackend
 ) -> list[ConvertedLibrary]:
@@ -713,10 +1126,7 @@ def convert_libraries(
     """
     nodes: dict[str, _LibNode] = {}
 
-    lib_ignore = {
-        name.split("/")[-1].lower()
-        for name in CORE.platformio_options.get("lib_ignore", [])
-    }
+    lib_ignore = lib_ignore_set()
 
     # The generated build files inside the shared cache bake in the dependency
     # wiring, which lib_ignore changes; salt the cache path so configs with
@@ -728,11 +1138,6 @@ def convert_libraries(
         else ""
     )
 
-    def is_ignored(name: str | None) -> bool:
-        if not lib_ignore or name is None:
-            return False
-        return name.split("/")[-1].lower() in lib_ignore
-
     def add_spec(name: str | None, version: str | None, repository: str | None) -> str:
         key, kind, locator = _node_key(name, version, repository)
         node = nodes.get(key) or _LibNode(key=key, is_git=kind == "git")
@@ -781,7 +1186,7 @@ def convert_libraries(
     top_level = [
         add_spec(library.name, library.version, library.repository)
         for library in libraries
-        if not is_ignored(library.name)
+        if not is_lib_ignored(library.name, lib_ignore)
     ]
 
     # Collect + resolve to a fixpoint: a node is (re)resolved whenever its
@@ -790,107 +1195,168 @@ def convert_libraries(
     components: dict[str, ConvertedLibrary] = {}
     resolved_requirements: dict[str, frozenset[str]] = {}
     top_level_keys = set(top_level)
+    # (name, owner, requester) reconciled against the final resolution set
+    skipped_versionless: list[tuple[Any, Any, str]] = []
     worklist = deque(dict.fromkeys(top_level))
     while worklist:
-        key = worklist.popleft()
-        node = nodes[key]
+        # Drain the frontier sequentially (spec resolution mutates shared
+        # state), then prefetch the wave in parallel
+        wave: list[tuple[str, ConvertedLibrary]] = []
+        while worklist:
+            key = worklist.popleft()
+            node = nodes[key]
 
-        # A node is queued once per referring edge; skip the (uncached) registry
-        # lookup + download + dependency walk unless its requirement set grew
-        # since the last resolve. Requirements only ever grow, so this still
-        # converges the fixpoint and terminates dependency cycles.
-        requirements = frozenset(node.requirements)
-        if resolved_requirements.get(key) == requirements:
-            continue
-        resolved_requirements[key] = requirements
+            # Re-resolve only when the requirement set grew; requirements
+            # only ever grow, so the fixpoint converges and cycles terminate
+            requirements = frozenset(node.requirements)
+            if resolved_requirements.get(key) == requirements:
+                continue
+            resolved_requirements[key] = requirements
 
-        if node.is_git:
-            component = ConvertedLibrary(key, "*", GitSource(node.url, node.ref))
-        elif node.is_local:
-            component = ConvertedLibrary(key, "*", LocalSource(node.local_path))
-        else:
-            owner, name, version, url = _resolve_registry_version(
-                node.owner, node.pkgname, node.requirements
-            )
-            component = ConvertedLibrary(
-                _owner_pkgname_to_name(owner, name), version, URLSource(url)
-            )
-        component.download(salt=salt, namespace=backend.cache_key)
+            if node.is_git:
+                component = ConvertedLibrary(key, "*", GitSource(node.url, node.ref))
+            elif node.is_local:
+                component = ConvertedLibrary(key, "*", LocalSource(node.local_path))
+            else:
+                owner, name, version, url, size = _resolve_registry_version(
+                    node.owner, node.pkgname, node.requirements
+                )
+                component = ConvertedLibrary(
+                    _owner_pkgname_to_name(owner, name), version, URLSource(url, size)
+                )
+            wave.append((key, component))
+        _prefetch_wave(wave, salt, backend.cache_key)
+        for key, component in wave:
+            node = nodes[key]
+            if frozenset(node.requirements) != resolved_requirements[key]:
+                # Requirements grew mid-wave: skip parsing a manifest the
+                # next wave will re-resolve and replace
+                worklist.append(key)
+                continue
+            component.download(salt=salt, namespace=backend.cache_key)
 
-        source_dir = component.source_dir
-        library_json_path = source_dir / "library.json"
-        library_properties_path = source_dir / "library.properties"
-        has_json = library_json_path.is_file()
-        has_properties = library_properties_path.is_file()
-        if not has_json and not has_properties and not node.is_local:
-            # The shared cache can hold a broken copy (e.g. a clone or an
-            # extraction interrupted by a killed process). Force one
-            # re-download so a bad cache entry self-heals instead of failing
-            # every build until the user runs a full clean. A local source is
-            # read in place, so there is nothing to re-download.
-            _LOGGER.warning(
-                "Library %s at %s is missing library.json and library.properties; "
-                "re-downloading",
-                key,
-                source_dir,
-            )
-            component.download(force=True, salt=salt, namespace=backend.cache_key)
+            source_dir = component.source_dir
+            library_json_path = source_dir / "library.json"
+            library_properties_path = source_dir / "library.properties"
             has_json = library_json_path.is_file()
             has_properties = library_properties_path.is_file()
-        if has_json:
-            component.data = _parse_library_json(library_json_path)
-        elif has_properties:
-            component.data = _parse_library_properties(library_properties_path)
-        else:
-            # For a local library a missing manifest is user input, so raise
-            # EsphomeError (clean CLI message) like the missing-directory case;
-            # for registry/git a missing manifest means a corrupt cache, which
-            # is not user error, so keep RuntimeError.
-            error_cls = EsphomeError if node.is_local else RuntimeError
-            raise error_cls(
-                f"Invalid PIO library {key}: missing library.json and "
-                f"library.properties in {source_dir}"
-            )
+            if not has_json and not has_properties and not node.is_local:
+                # An interrupted clone/extraction self-heals with one forced
+                # re-download; a local source has nothing to re-download
+                _LOGGER.warning(
+                    "Library %s at %s is missing library.json and library.properties; "
+                    "re-downloading",
+                    key,
+                    source_dir,
+                )
+                component.download(force=True, salt=salt, namespace=backend.cache_key)
+                has_json = library_json_path.is_file()
+                has_properties = library_properties_path.is_file()
+            if has_json:
+                component.data = parse_library_json(library_json_path)
+            elif has_properties:
+                component.data = parse_library_properties(library_properties_path)
+            else:
+                # Local sources are user input (EsphomeError); a registry/git
+                # miss means a corrupt cache (RuntimeError)
+                error_cls = EsphomeError if node.is_local else RuntimeError
+                raise error_cls(
+                    f"Invalid PIO library {key}: missing library.json and "
+                    f"library.properties in {source_dir}"
+                )
 
-        try:
-            check_library_data(component.data, backend.platform, backend.framework)
-        except InvalidLibrary as e:
-            # Skip an incompatible transitive dependency, but fail fast if a
-            # top-level library the build explicitly requested is incompatible.
-            if key in top_level_keys:
-                raise RuntimeError(
-                    f"Requested library {key} is not compatible with "
-                    f"{backend.framework}: {e}"
-                ) from e
-            _LOGGER.debug("Skip incompatible dependency %s: %s", key, str(e))
-            continue
-        components[key] = component
-
-        # Requirements changed (we got past the short-circuit above), so
-        # (re)walk this component's dependencies.
-        node.edges = set()
-        for dependency in _normalize_dependencies(component.data.get("dependencies")):
-            if "name" not in dependency or "version" not in dependency:
+            if not _valid_manifest_shape(component.data):
+                # Fail fast only for a library the user asked for; a defect
+                # in an unrequested corner of the graph must not block the
+                # build
+                if key in top_level_keys:
+                    raise EsphomeError(f"Library {key} has a malformed manifest")
+                _LOGGER.warning("Skipping dependency %s: malformed manifest", key)
                 continue
+            warn_properties_depends(component.name, component.data)
+
             try:
-                check_library_data(dependency, backend.platform, backend.framework)
+                check_library_data(component.data, backend.platform, backend.framework)
             except InvalidLibrary as e:
-                _LOGGER.debug("Skip dependency %s: %s", dependency.get("name"), str(e))
+                # An explicitly requested library fails fast; the routine
+                # cross-platform skip stays at debug, other causes warn
+                if key in top_level_keys:
+                    reason = (
+                        f"is not compatible with {backend.framework}"
+                        if isinstance(e, IncompatiblePlatform)
+                        else "has a malformed manifest"
+                    )
+                    raise RuntimeError(f"Requested library {key} {reason}: {e}") from e
+                if isinstance(e, IncompatiblePlatform):
+                    _LOGGER.debug("Skip incompatible dependency %s: %s", key, str(e))
+                else:
+                    _LOGGER.warning("Skipping dependency %s: %s", key, str(e))
                 continue
-            dep_name = _owner_pkgname_to_name(
-                dependency.get("owner"), dependency.get("name")
-            )
-            if is_ignored(dep_name):
-                _LOGGER.debug("Skip ignored dependency %s", dep_name)
-                continue
-            # The version field may actually be a URL (git/archive dependency).
-            dep_version = dependency["version"]
-            dep_url = _url_or_none(dep_version)
-            if dep_url is not None:
-                dep_version = None
-            dep_key = add_spec(dep_name, dep_version, dep_url)
-            node.edges.add(dep_key)
-            worklist.append(dep_key)
+            components[key] = component
+
+            # Requirements changed (we got past the short-circuit above), so
+            # (re)walk this component's dependencies.
+            node.edges = set()
+            for dependency in normalize_dependencies(
+                component.data.get("dependencies"), component.name
+            ):
+                if "version" not in dependency:
+                    # Cannot resolve from the registry; the post-emit
+                    # reconciliation owns the drop warning
+                    dep_name = dependency.get("name")
+                    _LOGGER.debug(
+                        "Skip version-less dependency %r of %s",
+                        dep_name,
+                        component.name,
+                    )
+                    if not is_lib_ignored(
+                        dep_name, lib_ignore
+                    ) and dependency_is_usable(
+                        dependency, backend.platform, backend.framework, component.name
+                    ):
+                        # Filtered or ignored deps are deliberately absent
+                        skipped_versionless.append(
+                            (dep_name, dependency.get("owner"), component.name)
+                        )
+                    continue
+                if not dependency_is_usable(
+                    dependency, backend.platform, backend.framework, component.name
+                ):
+                    continue
+                dep_name = _owner_pkgname_to_name(
+                    dependency.get("owner"), dependency.get("name")
+                )
+                if is_lib_ignored(dep_name, lib_ignore):
+                    _LOGGER.debug("Skip ignored dependency %s", dep_name)
+                    continue
+                # The version may be a URL (git/archive), which names one
+                # specific source; never substitute a bundled library for it
+                dep_version = dependency["version"]
+                dep_url = _url_or_none(dep_version)
+                if dep_url is not None:
+                    dep_version = None
+                elif (
+                    backend.provides is not None
+                    and not dependency.get("owner")
+                    and backend.provides(dep_name)
+                ):
+                    # The backend adds it from its own tree; resolving here
+                    # would fetch a same-named registry package
+                    if dep_version and dep_version != "*":
+                        # The pin is discarded; make the substitution visible
+                        _LOGGER.warning(
+                            "Dependency %s pins version %s; using the library "
+                            "bundled with the framework instead",
+                            dep_name,
+                            dep_version,
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        _LOGGER.debug("Skip backend-provided dependency %s", dep_name)
+                    backend.provided_requests.add(dep_name)
+                    continue
+                dep_key = add_spec(dep_name, dep_version, dep_url)
+                node.edges.add(dep_key)
+                worklist.append(dep_key)
 
     # A git or local source wins over the same component requested from the
     # registry. That's intentional, but warn so the dropped registry spec isn't
@@ -941,4 +1407,6 @@ def convert_libraries(
     for component in components.values():
         backend.emit(component)
 
+    _reconcile_versionless_skips(skipped_versionless, components, backend)
+
     return [components[key] for key in top_level if key in components]
diff --git a/esphome/platformio/prefetch.py b/esphome/platformio/prefetch.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5097239065
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/platformio/prefetch.py
@@ -0,0 +1,996 @@
+"""Parallel prefetch and install of the packages a PlatformIO run needs.
+
+Downloads the archives concurrently into PlatformIO's own download cache
+(identical ``compute_download_path`` keys), then installs them through
+PlatformIO's own ``_install`` with one worker per usable core, so
+extraction (the serial, single-core half of a cold install) parallelizes
+too and ``pio run`` finds every package already installed. Runs in a
+subprocess like all PlatformIO execution: loading a platform executes
+its code (pioarduino's penv setup rewrites ``sys.path``). A sentinel in
+the build dir lets warm builds skip the spawn. Best-effort: any failure
+logs and PlatformIO downloads and installs as before. Across processes
+sharing a core dir every download destination is serialized by a file
+lock; checksum-less URL downloads additionally stage under a stable
+name and promote with an atomic rename.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Iterator
+from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
+from contextlib import contextmanager, suppress
+import hashlib
+import json
+import logging
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+from queue import SimpleQueue
+import signal
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import threading
+import time
+from typing import Any, NamedTuple
+
+from esphome.framework_helpers import (
+    content_length,
+    discard_partial_download,
+    failure_reason,
+    resume_fetch_job,
+    run_batch_downloads,
+    warn_prefetch_failures,
+)
+from esphome.helpers import get_bool_env, get_usable_cpu_count, rmtree
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def _preserved_sys_path() -> Iterator[None]:
+    """Platform setup may rewrite sys.path (pioarduino's penv does); undo it."""
+    saved = list(sys.path)
+    try:
+        yield
+    finally:
+        sys.path[:] = saved
+
+
+# Concurrent registry resolutions / HEAD probes (each is network-bound)
+_RESOLVE_WORKERS = 8
+
+# A hung child must not block the build; downloads resume on the next run
+_PREFETCH_TIMEOUT = 20 * 60
+
+# Waiting on another process's URL download; past this, leave it to pio
+_DOWNLOAD_LOCK_TIMEOUT = 60
+
+# Child exit for a handled, already-warned failure; 1 would collide with
+# the interpreter's own import-failure exit
+_EXIT_HANDLED = 3
+
+# Short lock-acquire slices so a waiting worker still observes Ctrl-C
+_URI_LOCK_POLL = 1
+
+# Resolution errored (vs a clean skip); suppresses the warm sentinel
+_RESOLVE_FAILED = object()
+
+
+def _sweep_stale_sidecars(download_dir: Path, expire_seconds: int) -> None:
+    """Prune resume sidecars pio's usage.db pruner cannot see.
+
+    A version bump strands an aborted archive's sidecars forever. Lock
+    files stay: a held lock can carry an ancient mtime (O_TRUNC keeps
+    it), and unlinking one reopens the single-writer hole it guards.
+    """
+    cutoff = time.time() - expire_seconds
+    try:
+        for f in download_dir.iterdir():
+            if f.suffix not in (".part", ".meta", ".prefetch"):
+                continue
+            try:
+                if f.stat().st_mtime < cutoff:
+                    f.unlink()
+            except OSError as err:
+                _LOGGER.debug("Could not remove %s: %s", f, err)
+    except OSError:
+        _LOGGER.debug("Could not sweep %s", download_dir, exc_info=True)
+
+
+class _Resolved(NamedTuple):
+    """A registry spec resolved to its archive; ``cached`` skips the download."""
+
+    spec: Any
+    name: str
+    size: int
+    url: str
+    dl_path: Path
+    checksum: str
+    cached: bool
+
+
+class _Group(NamedTuple):
+    """The installable ``(name, spec)`` entries of one package manager."""
+
+    manager: Any
+    entries: list[tuple[str, Any]]
+    is_platform: bool
+
+
+# Child records a no-work run; the parent skips the next spawn while valid
+_SENTINEL_NAME = ".esphome_prefetch.json"
+_SENTINEL_SCHEMA = 1
+
+
+def _ini_sha256(build_dir: Path) -> str:
+    return hashlib.sha256((build_dir / "platformio.ini").read_bytes()).hexdigest()
+
+
+def _sentinel_state(build_dir: Path) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """The environment fingerprint a sentinel must match to stay valid."""
+    # Same fingerprint as the heal stamp: the sentinel's dirs die with its wipe
+    from esphome.platformio.toolchain import current_python_minor
+
+    return {
+        "schema": _SENTINEL_SCHEMA,
+        "ini_sha256": _ini_sha256(build_dir),
+        "python": current_python_minor(),
+        "core_dir_env": os.environ.get("PLATFORMIO_CORE_DIR", ""),
+    }
+
+
+def _prefetch_is_warm(build_dir: Path) -> bool:
+    """Whether the last prefetch found nothing to do and nothing changed since."""
+    try:
+        data = json.loads((build_dir / _SENTINEL_NAME).read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+        dirs = data.pop("dirs")
+        return (
+            data == _sentinel_state(build_dir)
+            and bool(dirs)
+            and all(Path(d).is_dir() for d in dirs)
+        )
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        return False
+    except (OSError, ValueError, KeyError, AttributeError, TypeError):
+        _LOGGER.debug("Ignoring invalid prefetch sentinel", exc_info=True)
+        return False
+
+
+def prefetch_platformio_packages() -> None:
+    """Warm PlatformIO's download cache for the current project, in parallel."""
+    from esphome.core import CORE
+    from esphome.platformio.toolchain import (
+        default_libdeps_dir,
+        heal_platformio_python_env,
+    )
+
+    # Heal first: its Python-version wipe would discard freshly warmed
+    # caches and the sentinel's dirs (the later heal call is a no-op)
+    heal_platformio_python_env()
+    build_dir = Path(CORE.build_path)
+    if _prefetch_is_warm(build_dir):
+        return
+    # The child is esphome itself: PYTHONPATH stays so it imports this
+    # tree's esphome (tests/integration pins the source tree through it)
+    env = dict(os.environ)
+    # Must match run_platformio_cli's default or warm builds re-resolve
+    # every library
+    env.setdefault("PLATFORMIO_LIBDEPS_DIR", default_libdeps_dir())
+    # -v/-vv must reach the child's debug logging or the swallowed
+    # failure detail is undiagnosable in the field
+    env["ESPHOME_PREFETCH_LOG_LEVEL"] = str(logging.getLogger().getEffectiveLevel())
+    if CORE.dashboard:
+        # The child's progress bar and log escaping key off CORE.dashboard
+        env["ESPHOME_PREFETCH_DASHBOARD"] = "1"
+    cmd = [
+        sys.executable,
+        "-m",
+        "esphome.platformio.prefetch",
+        str(build_dir),
+        CORE.name,
+    ]
+    try:
+        # Not a with-block: the lifetime spans the wait/terminate arms
+        proc = subprocess.Popen(cmd, env=env)  # pylint: disable=consider-using-with
+    except Exception as err:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
+        # The prefetch must never become a new way for the build to fail
+        _LOGGER.warning("PlatformIO package prefetch skipped: %s", failure_reason(err))
+        _LOGGER.debug("Prefetch failure detail", exc_info=True)
+        return
+    try:
+        returncode = proc.wait(timeout=_PREFETCH_TIMEOUT)
+    except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
+        _stop_child(proc)
+        _LOGGER.warning("PlatformIO package prefetch timed out; continuing without it")
+        return
+    except BaseException as err:
+        # SIGKILL (subprocess.run's choice on interrupt) could land inside
+        # a package-directory copy pio run would then trust; ask first
+        _stop_child(proc)
+        if isinstance(err, Exception):
+            # An unexpected wait() failure must degrade, not fail the build
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "PlatformIO package prefetch skipped: %s", failure_reason(err)
+            )
+            return
+        raise
+    if returncode == _EXIT_HANDLED:
+        # The child already warned with the reason; a second line is noise
+        _LOGGER.debug("Prefetch child reported a handled failure")
+    elif returncode != 0:
+        # Exit 1 stays here: the interpreter exits 1 for import/module
+        # failures before main() ever runs, a wiring break worth a warning
+        _LOGGER.warning("PlatformIO package prefetch skipped (exit %d)", returncode)
+
+
+def _stop_child(proc: subprocess.Popen) -> None:
+    """Stop the child without cutting an in-flight package install short.
+
+    Wait first (a terminal interrupt already unwinds the child), then
+    SIGTERM for the clean unwind main() installs, then kill. On Windows
+    terminate() cannot reach the handler, so its arm is a plain wait.
+    """
+    if proc.poll() is None:
+        _LOGGER.info("Waiting for the prefetch child to finish its current install")
+    try:
+        with suppress(subprocess.TimeoutExpired):
+            proc.wait(timeout=5)
+            return
+        if sys.platform != "win32":
+            proc.terminate()
+        with suppress(subprocess.TimeoutExpired):
+            proc.wait(timeout=30)
+            return
+        proc.kill()
+        proc.wait(timeout=5)
+        # The kill can land mid-copy; the uncertainty must be visible
+        _LOGGER.warning("Prefetch child killed; a package install may be incomplete")
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:
+        # Kill so an interrupted stop cannot orphan a still-writing child
+        # (BaseException: a further interrupt must not skip the kill),
+        # then re-raise so the build aborts
+        with suppress(BaseException):
+            proc.kill()
+            proc.wait(timeout=5)
+        if proc.poll() is None:
+            _LOGGER.warning("The prefetch child could not be confirmed stopped")
+        raise
+    except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
+        # A surviving child may still be writing packages pio run trusts
+        _LOGGER.warning("The prefetch child could not be confirmed stopped")
+        _LOGGER.debug("Stop detail", exc_info=True)
+
+
+def _project_platform_and_config(ini: Path, env: str) -> tuple[str | None, Any]:
+    """The env's platform spec and the ProjectConfig for the given ini."""
+    from platformio import app
+    from platformio.project.config import ProjectConfig
+
+    # PlatformBase.config reads the default ProjectConfig; it must see
+    # this ini's env options
+    app.set_session_var("custom_project_conf", str(ini))
+    config = ProjectConfig.get_instance(str(ini))
+    return config.get(f"env:{env}", "platform", None), config
+
+
+def _sibling_manager(manager: Any) -> Any:
+    """A same-store manager equivalent to the shared one."""
+    # Hard read: a renamed attribute must fail loudly, not silently drop
+    # the qualifiers wave-1 installs resolve with; is-not-None so a falsy
+    # PackageCompatibility still propagates
+    if (compatibility := manager.compatibility) is not None:
+        return manager.__class__(manager.package_dir, compatibility=compatibility)
+    return manager.__class__(manager.package_dir)
+
+
+def _registry_jobs(
+    manager: Any, specs: list[Any], seen: set[str]
+) -> tuple[list[tuple[str, int, Any]], int, list[tuple[str, Any]]]:
+    """Resolve registry specs to ``(name, size, fetch)`` batch jobs.
+
+    Mirrors PlatformIO's install path: best version, systype file, first
+    mirror, and the same sha1(url + checksum) download-cache key. Also
+    returns how many resolutions errored (a clean skip is not an error)
+    and the ``(name, spec)`` pairs whose archives will be installable.
+    """
+    from platformio.registry.mirror import RegistryFileMirrorIterator
+
+    local = threading.local()
+    errors: list[str] = []
+
+    def _resolve(spec) -> _Resolved | object | None:
+        # One manager (and registry HTTP session) per worker thread;
+        # installed-state was already checked on the shared manager
+        if (mgr := getattr(local, "mgr", None)) is None:
+            mgr = local.mgr = _sibling_manager(manager)
+        try:
+            packages = mgr.search_registry_packages(spec)
+            if not packages:
+                _LOGGER.debug("%s is unknown to the registry", spec)
+                return None  # let PlatformIO report it
+            package, version = mgr.find_best_registry_version(packages, spec)
+            if not package or not version:
+                _LOGGER.debug("%s has no matching registry version", spec)
+                return None
+            pkgfile = mgr.pick_compatible_pkg_file(version["files"])
+            if not pkgfile:
+                _LOGGER.debug("%s has no file for this systype", spec)
+                return None
+            url, checksum = next(RegistryFileMirrorIterator(pkgfile["download_url"]))
+            checksum = checksum or pkgfile["checksum"]["sha256"]
+            dl_path = Path(mgr.compute_download_path(url, checksum))
+            cached = dl_path.is_file()  # fetched by an earlier run
+            size = pkgfile.get("size")
+            if not cached and not size:
+                _LOGGER.debug("%s has no size; PlatformIO fetches it", spec)
+                return None  # no size, no bar share
+            name = f"{package['name']}@{version['name']}"
+            return _Resolved(spec, name, size or 0, url, dl_path, checksum, cached)
+        except Exception as err:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
+            # One flaky spec must not discard the rest of the batch
+            _LOGGER.debug("Could not resolve %s", spec, exc_info=True)
+            errors.append(failure_reason(err))
+            return _RESOLVE_FAILED
+
+    # Serial disk lookups on the shared manager: a fully warm build
+    # resolves nothing, and duplicate specs resolve once
+    unique: dict[tuple[str | None, str, str], Any] = {}
+    for s in specs:
+        if not s.uri and not manager.get_package(s):
+            unique.setdefault((s.owner, s.name, str(s.requirements)), s)
+    pending = list(unique.values())
+    if not pending:
+        return [], 0, []
+    # Serial resolutions (registry GET + mirror HEAD each) dominate
+    with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=min(_RESOLVE_WORKERS, len(pending))) as ex:
+        results = list(ex.map(_resolve, pending))
+    jobs: list[tuple[str, int, Any]] = []
+    installable: list[tuple[str, Any]] = []
+    for res in results:
+        if res is None or res is _RESOLVE_FAILED:
+            continue
+        installable.append((res.name, res.spec))
+        if res.cached or str(res.dl_path) in seen:
+            continue  # already fetched, or a duplicate must not share a .part
+        seen.add(str(res.dl_path))
+        jobs.append(
+            (
+                res.name,
+                res.size,
+                _registry_fetch_job(
+                    manager, res.url, res.dl_path, res.checksum, res.size
+                ),
+            )
+        )
+    if failed := len(errors):
+        # Visible once per build, naming a cause so an API break does not
+        # read as an outage; per-spec detail stays at debug
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "Could not resolve %d of %d PlatformIO package(s) (%s); "
+            "PlatformIO will download them serially",
+            failed,
+            len(pending),
+            errors[0],
+        )
+    return jobs, failed, installable
+
+
+def _uri_jobs(
+    manager: Any, specs: list[Any], seen: set[str]
+) -> tuple[list[tuple[str, int, Any]], int, list[tuple[str, Any]]]:
+    """Jobs for direct-URL specs; a HEAD sizes each for the combined bar.
+
+    Also returns how many HEAD probes errored (an absent length is not an
+    error) and the ``(name, spec)`` pairs whose archives will be
+    installable.
+    """
+    from esphome.net_retry import fetch_with_retry, http_request
+
+    candidates: list[tuple[str, str, Path, Any]] = []
+    installable: list[tuple[str, Any]] = []
+    for spec in specs:
+        url = spec.uri
+        if not url or not url.startswith(("http://", "https://")):
+            continue  # git+/file specs are cloned/copied, not downloaded
+        if url.split("#", 1)[0].endswith(".git"):
+            continue  # bare-URL VCS spec; PlatformIO clones it
+        if manager.get_package(spec):
+            continue
+        name = spec.name or url.rsplit("/", 1)[-1]
+        # PlatformIO downloads URL specs with no checksum
+        dl_path = Path(manager.compute_download_path(url, ""))
+        if dl_path.is_file():
+            if spec.has_custom_name():
+                # Only a custom name (Foo=https://...) is the destination
+                # dir; a URI-derived name's destination comes from the
+                # archive manifest, so its dedupe key could collide with
+                # another name and race one directory. pio run installs it.
+                installable.append((name, spec))  # fetched by an earlier run
+            continue
+        if str(dl_path) in seen:
+            continue  # another spec already claimed this .part
+        seen.add(str(dl_path))
+        candidates.append((spec.name, url, dl_path, spec))
+
+    errors: list[str] = []
+
+    def _head_size(url: str) -> int:
+        try:
+            resp = fetch_with_retry(url, lambda: http_request("HEAD", url, timeout=30))
+        except Exception as err:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
+            _LOGGER.debug("HEAD %s failed", url, exc_info=True)
+            errors.append(failure_reason(err))
+            return -1
+        if not resp.ok:
+            # An error page's Content-Length is not a download size
+            _LOGGER.debug("HEAD %s returned %s", url, resp.status_code)
+            if resp.status_code in (401, 403, 408, 429) or resp.status_code >= 500:
+                # 401/403 included: registries rate-limit with them
+                errors.append(f"HTTP {resp.status_code}")
+                return -1  # transient; must not be cached as warm
+            # Permanent (405/501 HEAD-unsupported, 401/403/404): a clean
+            # skip so the warm sentinel is not disabled forever; pio run
+            # surfaces a genuinely broken URL when it downloads
+            return 0
+        return content_length(resp)
+
+    if not candidates:
+        return [], 0, installable
+    with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=min(_RESOLVE_WORKERS, len(candidates))) as ex:
+        sizes = list(ex.map(_head_size, [url for _, url, _, _ in candidates]))
+    jobs: list[tuple[str, int, Any]] = []
+    failed = 0
+    for (name, url, dl_path, spec), size in zip(candidates, sizes, strict=True):
+        if size < 0:
+            failed += 1
+        elif size:
+            jobs.append((name, size, _uri_fetch_job(manager, url, dl_path, size)))
+            if spec.has_custom_name():
+                # See above: derived-name specs stay with pio run's installer
+                installable.append((name, spec))
+        else:
+            # Missing or unusable Content-Length; visible under -v
+            _LOGGER.debug("%s reports no usable length; PlatformIO fetches it", url)
+    if failed:
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "Could not size %d of %d PlatformIO package URL(s) (%s); "
+            "PlatformIO will download them serially",
+            failed,
+            len(candidates),
+            errors[0],
+        )
+    return jobs, failed, installable
+
+
+def _serialized_fetch_job(
+    dl_path: Path, lock_path: str, body: Any, unlocked_ok: bool = True
+) -> Any:
+    """Wrap ``body`` so the shared destination is single-writer.
+
+    Interleaved writers truncate each other's ``.part`` bytes (see
+    registry.py). The bounded poll observes Ctrl-C via the tracker; a
+    blown deadline is a clean skip (the holder's copy is what the build
+    needs). On a lock-less filesystem a sha256-verified body runs
+    unlocked with one warning; a checksum-less one
+    (``unlocked_ok=False``) is a counted failure instead.
+    """
+
+    def run(tracker: Any) -> None:
+        from filelock import FileLock, Timeout
+
+        # fallback_to_soft would leave a stale marker on lock-less
+        # filesystems that blocks every later build (see git.py)
+        lock = FileLock(lock_path, fallback_to_soft=False)
+        deadline = time.monotonic() + _DOWNLOAD_LOCK_TIMEOUT
+        while True:
+            try:
+                lock.acquire(timeout=_URI_LOCK_POLL)
+                break
+            except Timeout:
+                tracker(0)  # raises when the batch is cancelled
+                if time.monotonic() >= deadline:
+                    # Another process is fetching this same file; its copy
+                    # is what the build needs (a large framework archive
+                    # can hold the lock far longer than this deadline)
+                    _LOGGER.debug("Leaving %s to its current downloader", dl_path.name)
+                    return
+            except OSError as err:
+                if not unlocked_ok:
+                    # A body with no checksum to catch interleaved corruption
+                    raise
+                lock = None
+                _LOGGER.warning(
+                    "Could not lock %s (%s); downloading unlocked",
+                    dl_path.name,
+                    err,
+                )
+                break
+        try:
+            if dl_path.is_file():
+                return  # another process finished it while we waited
+            body(tracker)
+        finally:
+            if lock is not None:
+                lock.release()
+
+    return run
+
+
+# usage.db is a whole-file rewrite behind pio's self-unlinking LockFile;
+# concurrent writers could reset every recorded entry
+_REGISTER_LOCK = threading.Lock()
+
+
+def _register_download(manager: Any, dl_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Hand the archive to pio's usage.db pruner; an unregistered one is
+    never expired (disk garbage, never a bad build)."""
+    try:
+        with _REGISTER_LOCK:
+            manager.set_download_utime(str(dl_path))
+    except Exception as err:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
+        _LOGGER.debug("Could not register %s with pio's cache: %s", dl_path, err)
+
+
+def _registry_fetch_job(
+    manager: Any, url: str, dl_path: Path, checksum: str, size: int
+) -> Any:
+    """A locked fetch straight to the cache path; sha256 verifies it."""
+    # .esphome.lock: pio's own LockFile(dl_path) owns <dl_path>.lock and
+    # deletes it on release, which would unlink a held filelock
+    fetch = _serialized_fetch_job(
+        dl_path,
+        f"{dl_path}.esphome.lock",
+        resume_fetch_job(url, dl_path, sha256=checksum, size=size),
+    )
+
+    def run(tracker: Any) -> None:
+        fetch(tracker)
+        if dl_path.is_file():
+            # The deadline skip can end with no archive landed
+            _register_download(manager, dl_path)
+
+    return run
+
+
+def _uri_fetch_job(manager: Any, url: str, dl_path: Path, size: int) -> Any:
+    """Fetch to a locked staging path, then rename into the cache.
+
+    The stable staging name keeps resume working across interrupted
+    runs; the rename makes the promotion atomic.
+    """
+    tmp = dl_path.with_name(f"{dl_path.name}.prefetch")
+    # attempts=2: the size is only a HEAD probe's word, and a HEAD/GET
+    # disagreement would otherwise re-download the archive five times
+    fetch = resume_fetch_job(url, tmp, size=size, attempts=2)
+
+    def promote(tracker: Any) -> None:
+        fetch(tracker)
+        if (actual := tmp.stat().st_size) != size:
+            # A wrong-length checksum-less body must never be published
+            discard_partial_download(tmp)
+            raise ValueError(f"expected {size} bytes, fetched {actual}")
+        tmp.replace(dl_path)
+
+    def run(tracker: Any) -> None:
+        _serialized_fetch_job(dl_path, f"{tmp}.lock", promote, unlocked_ok=False)(
+            tracker
+        )
+        if dl_path.is_file():
+            # Won or lost, the race is over; staging files left behind
+            # are dead weight PlatformIO's cache never prunes
+            discard_partial_download(tmp)
+            _register_download(manager, dl_path)
+
+    return run
+
+
+# (name, spec) from wave 1, (name, spec, compatibility) from dep waves
+_Entry = tuple[str, Any] | tuple[str, Any, Any]
+
+
+def _dependency_entries(
+    manager: Any, entries: list[_Entry], seen_names: set[str]
+) -> list[_Entry]:
+    """Registry dependencies of the installed entries, one per new name.
+
+    Mostly local manifest reads; the builtin probe walks installed
+    platforms (each may run platform code). Name-only platform libs stay
+    with pio run.
+    """
+
+    # Hard read: losing this filter would pre-install incompatible
+    # packages pio run then trusts
+    compatibility = manager.compatibility
+    # Tool managers have no builtin table; the contract test pins the name
+    is_builtin = getattr(manager, "is_builtin_lib", None)
+    deps: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    skipped = 0
+    for name, spec, *_ in entries:
+        try:
+            deps_of = _entry_dependencies(manager, spec, compatibility, is_builtin)
+        except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
+            # One unreadable manifest must not drop the group's whole wave
+            _LOGGER.debug("Skipping dependencies of %s", name, exc_info=True)
+            skipped += 1
+            continue
+        for key, entry in deps_of:
+            if key not in seen_names:
+                deps.setdefault(key, entry)
+    if skipped:
+        # Visible at default verbosity: a dropped subtree silently
+        # degrades the wave; per-entry detail stays at debug
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "Could not read dependencies of %d of %d package(s)",
+            skipped,
+            len(entries),
+        )
+    return list(deps.values())
+
+
+def _entry_dependencies(
+    manager: Any, spec: Any, compatibility: Any, is_builtin: Any
+) -> list[tuple[str, _Entry]]:
+    from platformio.package.meta import PackageCompatibility
+
+    out: list[tuple[str, _Entry]] = []
+    if (pkg := manager.get_package(spec)) is None:
+        # Only successful installs are walked, so this is a real anomaly
+        # (stale memcache, name/dir mismatch, a pio API change); raising
+        # folds it into the caller's aggregate dropped-subtree warning
+        raise RuntimeError(f"just-installed {spec} is not resolvable")
+    for dep in manager.get_pkg_dependencies(pkg) or []:
+        if not (dep.get("owner") or dep.get("version")):
+            continue
+        if compatibility and not PackageCompatibility.from_dependency(
+            dep
+        ).is_compatible(compatibility):
+            continue  # pio's install_dependency would skip it too
+        dspec = manager.dependency_to_spec(dep)
+        if (
+            is_builtin
+            and not dspec.owner
+            and not dspec.external
+            and is_builtin(dspec.name)
+        ):
+            # pio's LibraryPackageManager.install_dependency skips
+            # builtins; a registry copy would shadow the bundled one
+            continue
+        if not (key := (dspec.name or "").lower()):
+            _LOGGER.debug("Dependency %r of %s has no name; left to pio run", dep, spec)
+            continue
+        if manager.get_package(dspec) is not None:
+            continue  # already installed
+        # Carry the dep's compatibility so _install searches the
+        # registry qualified, exactly like pio's install_dependency
+        out.append(
+            (key, (dspec.name, dspec, PackageCompatibility.from_dependency(dep)))
+        )
+    return out
+
+
+def _clean_failed_install(mgr: Any, name: str, spec: Any) -> None:
+    # A post-copy failure leaves a package pio run would trust; remove it
+    # so pio run genuinely reinstalls it
+    try:
+        mgr.memcache_reset()
+        if (pkg := mgr.get_package(spec)) is not None:
+            # Dropping the metadata is the invariant: pio's own install
+            # overwrites a metadata-less dir, so a stuck tree cannot be
+            # trusted. The rmtree is best-effort tidiness.
+            (Path(pkg.path) / ".piopm").unlink(missing_ok=True)
+            with suppress(OSError):
+                rmtree(pkg.path)
+        else:
+            # Nothing was moved into place; the common failure shape
+            _LOGGER.debug("No on-disk install of %s to remove", name)
+    except Exception as cleanup_err:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "Could not remove the failed install of %s: %s",
+            name,
+            failure_reason(cleanup_err),
+        )
+
+
+def _preinstall(
+    manager: Any, entries: list[_Entry], seen_names: set[str] | None = None
+) -> None:
+    """Install downloaded packages in parallel via pio's own ``_install``.
+
+    ``entries`` are ``_Entry`` tuples, one per destination directory.
+    The lock is held around each wave's pool, safe only because pio's
+    private ``_install`` never re-acquires it (a same-process re-lock
+    would hang, not fail). Waves skip dependencies; the installed
+    manifests feed the next wave. Any failure falls back to pio run.
+    """
+    workers = min(get_usable_cpu_count(), len(entries))
+    # One manager per worker (_install mutates instance state); built
+    # serially because construction rewires the shared manager logger
+    managers: SimpleQueue = SimpleQueue()
+    for _ in range(workers):
+        managers.put(_sibling_manager(manager))
+    local = threading.local()
+
+    def _install_one(entry) -> bool:
+        # Wave-1 entries are (name, spec); dependency waves add compatibility
+        name, spec, *rest = entry
+        compat = rest[0] if rest else None
+        if (mgr := getattr(local, "mgr", None)) is None:
+            # at most `workers` pool threads, one dequeue each
+            mgr = local.mgr = managers.get_nowait()
+        try:
+            mgr._install(  # pylint: disable=protected-access  # noqa: SLF001
+                spec, skip_dependencies=True, compatibility=compat
+            )
+            return True
+        except Exception as err:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
+            _LOGGER.warning("Could not pre-install %s: %s", name, failure_reason(err))
+            _LOGGER.debug("Pre-install failure detail", exc_info=True)
+            _clean_failed_install(mgr, name, spec)
+            return False
+        except BaseException:
+            # A SystemExit from a postinstall must not skip the cleanup
+            # and leave a torn dir pio run trusts
+            _clean_failed_install(mgr, name, spec)
+            raise
+
+    _LOGGER.info(
+        "Installing %d PlatformIO package(s) with %d extraction worker(s): %s",
+        len(entries),
+        workers,
+        ", ".join(name for name, *_ in entries),
+    )
+    # Postinstall scripts chdir process-globally; the cwd is restored
+    # after the pool. Concurrent postinstalls can still race pio's
+    # non-reentrant fs.cd mid-pool; that install fails, warns, and is
+    # redone serially by pio run. Suppress interleaved progress bars.
+    os.environ.setdefault("PLATFORMIO_DISABLE_PROGRESSBAR", "true")
+    # get_tmp_dir/get_download_dir create without exist_ok; racing workers
+    # would FileExistsError, so create them serially first. Concurrent
+    # usage.db updates can drop download bookkeeping; never a bad build.
+    manager.get_tmp_dir()
+    manager.get_download_dir()
+    cwd = Path.cwd()
+    manager.lock()
+    try:
+        with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=workers) as ex:
+            try:
+                results = list(ex.map(_install_one, entries))
+            except BaseException:
+                # Drop queued installs; in-flight ones finish so no
+                # package directory is left half copied
+                ex.shutdown(wait=True, cancel_futures=True)
+                raise
+    finally:
+        # Cleanup must not mask an in-flight exception or skip a step
+        # Each step runs even if an earlier one fails, and none may
+        # displace the in-flight exception (SIGTERM's SystemExit
+        # included) with a downgradeable one
+        wave_ok = True
+        for step, label in (
+            (manager.memcache_reset, "reset the storage cache"),
+            (manager.unlock, "release the manager lock"),
+            (lambda: os.chdir(cwd), "restore the working dir"),
+        ):
+            try:
+                step()
+            except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001,PERF203  # pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
+                wave_ok = False
+                _LOGGER.warning("Could not %s", label)
+                _LOGGER.debug("Teardown detail", exc_info=True)
+    if len(entries) > 1 and not any(results):
+        # A systematic fault, not one bad archive; pio run installs serially
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "Could not pre-install any of %d PlatformIO package(s)", len(entries)
+        )
+
+    seen = seen_names if seen_names is not None else set()
+    # All entries join seen (failures must not be re-queued); only
+    # successful installs feed the dependency walk
+    seen.update(name.split("@", 1)[0].lower() for name, *_ in entries)
+    installed = [e for e, ok in zip(entries, results, strict=True) if ok]
+    if not wave_ok:
+        # A stale cache, an unknown lock state, or a lost cwd would
+        # poison the next wave; pio run installs the rest cleanly
+        _LOGGER.warning("Skipping the dependency wave")
+        return
+    # The builtin probe may construct platforms
+    with _preserved_sys_path():
+        next_entries = _dependency_entries(manager, installed, seen)
+    if next_entries:
+        # Terminates without a cap: every wave admits only never-seen
+        # names, so a cycle yields an empty next wave
+        _preinstall(manager, next_entries, seen)
+
+
+def _prefetch(build_dir: Path, env: str) -> None:
+    from platformio.dependencies import get_core_dependencies
+    from platformio.package.manager.library import LibraryPackageManager
+    from platformio.package.manager.platform import PlatformPackageManager
+    from platformio.package.meta import PackageCompatibility, PackageSpec
+    from platformio.platform.factory import PlatformFactory
+
+    platform_spec, config = _project_platform_and_config(
+        build_dir / "platformio.ini", env
+    )
+    if not platform_spec:
+        # An env mismatch must not disable the feature with no trace
+        _LOGGER.debug(
+            "No platform for env %s in %s; nothing to prefetch", env, build_dir
+        )
+        return
+
+    # The platform (manifest plus build scripts) installs first and
+    # resolves the rest
+    with _preserved_sys_path():
+        pm = PlatformPackageManager()
+        _sweep_stale_sidecars(Path(pm.get_download_dir()), pm.DOWNLOAD_CACHE_EXPIRE)
+        pkg = pm.install(platform_spec, skip_dependencies=True)
+        p = PlatformFactory.new(pkg)
+        p.configure_project_packages(env, ["run"])
+
+    specs = [
+        p.get_package_spec(name)
+        for name, opts in p.packages.items()
+        if not opts.get("optional")
+    ]
+    # PIO's build engine installs tool-scons by its own registry spec at build
+    # start; a platform URL copy has no owner to match it, so prefetch that spec
+    specs = [s for s in specs if s.name != "tool-scons"]
+    specs.append(
+        PackageSpec(
+            owner="platformio",
+            name="tool-scons",
+            requirements=get_core_dependencies()["tool-scons"],
+        )
+    )
+    lib_deps = config.get(f"env:{env}", "lib_deps", [])
+    # pio run's storage dir for this env, with its compatibility
+    # qualifiers: an unqualified library install could land a different
+    # owner's package pio run would then trust
+    qualifiers: dict[str, Any] = {"platforms": [p.name]}
+    if framework := config.get(f"env:{env}", "framework", None):
+        qualifiers["frameworks"] = framework
+    libdeps_dir = Path(config.get("platformio", "libdeps_dir")) / env
+    lm = LibraryPackageManager(
+        str(libdeps_dir), compatibility=PackageCompatibility(**qualifiers)
+    )
+    # A bare name is usually a framework built-in (WiFi, SPI); with no
+    # lib builders here to tell built-in from registry, skip it. The only
+    # cost is that an owner-less user library is not prefetched
+    lib_specs = [
+        spec
+        for dep in lib_deps
+        if dep and not dep.startswith("$")
+        if (spec := PackageSpec(dep)).external or spec.owner
+    ]
+
+    seen: set[str] = set()
+    jobs: list[tuple[str, int, Any]] = []
+    groups: list[_Group] = []
+    unresolved = 0
+    for mgr, batch, is_platform in ((p.pm, specs, True), (lm, lib_specs, False)):
+        entries: list[tuple[str, Any]] = []
+        for build_jobs in (_registry_jobs, _uri_jobs):
+            batch_jobs, failed, installable = build_jobs(mgr, batch, seen)
+            jobs += batch_jobs
+            unresolved += failed
+            entries += installable
+        if entries:
+            groups.append(_Group(mgr, entries, is_platform))
+
+    sentinel = build_dir / _SENTINEL_NAME
+    if jobs or groups:
+        # Real work invalidates any previous no-work record
+        sentinel.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+    failed_names: set[str] = set()
+    if jobs:
+        _LOGGER.info(
+            "Prefetching %d PlatformIO package(s): %s",
+            len(jobs),
+            ", ".join(name for name, _, _ in jobs),
+        )
+        # PlatformIO retries failed packages itself, without resume
+        failures = run_batch_downloads("Downloading PlatformIO packages", jobs)
+        warn_prefetch_failures(failures)
+        failed_names = {name for name, _ in failures}
+    elif not groups and not unresolved:
+        # Record the no-work run so the parent skips the next spawn.
+        # A failed resolution is not "no work": a registry outage must
+        # not be cached as warm.
+        dirs = [config.get("platformio", "packages_dir")]
+        if lib_specs:
+            dirs.append(str(libdeps_dir))
+        sentinel.write_text(
+            json.dumps({**_sentinel_state(build_dir), "dirs": dirs}),
+            encoding="utf-8",
+        )
+
+    platform_packages_installed = False
+    for mgr, entries, is_platform in groups:
+        # One install per destination: pio derives the directory from
+        # the package name, so key on the name part
+        to_install = {
+            name.split("@", 1)[0].lower(): (name, spec)
+            for name, spec in entries
+            if name not in failed_names
+        }
+        if to_install:
+            try:
+                _preinstall(mgr, list(to_install.values()))
+                if is_platform:
+                    platform_packages_installed = True
+            except Exception as err:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
+                # Each group degrades independently; pio run installs
+                # whatever this one did not
+                _LOGGER.warning(
+                    "Pre-install failed for the %s group: %s",
+                    mgr.__class__.__name__,
+                    failure_reason(err),
+                )
+                _LOGGER.debug("Pre-install group failure detail", exc_info=True)
+    if platform_packages_installed:
+        # pioarduino installs its real toolchains from configure (the registry
+        # package is a stub); settle that here so pio run does not redo it
+        with _preserved_sys_path(), ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=1) as ex:
+            # A worker so SIGTERM joins it; exception() so a postinstall exit only warns
+            err = ex.submit(p.configure_project_packages, env, ["run"]).exception()
+        if err is not None:
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "Could not settle platform packages: %s", failure_reason(err)
+            )
+            _LOGGER.debug("Platform settle failure detail", exc_info=err)
+
+
+def _sigterm(_signum, _frame) -> None:
+    # Raised in the main thread: the pool's BaseException arm cancels
+    # queued installs while in-flight copies finish, then finally runs
+    raise SystemExit(143)
+
+
+def main(argv: list[str]) -> int:
+    """Subprocess entry point: ``prefetch <build_dir> <env_name>``."""
+    from esphome.core import CORE
+    from esphome.log import setup_log
+
+    signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, _sigterm)
+    raw_level = os.environ.get("ESPHOME_PREFETCH_LOG_LEVEL")
+    try:
+        level = int(raw_level) if raw_level is not None else logging.INFO
+    except ValueError:
+        level = logging.INFO
+    # Mirror the parent's log setup: warnings keep their level prefix and
+    # color, and the download bar still draws under the dashboard
+    CORE.dashboard = get_bool_env("ESPHOME_PREFETCH_DASHBOARD")
+    setup_log(level)
+    # pio's managers attach their own handler and still propagate; without
+    # this every manager line also prints through the root handler. Their
+    # construction re-pins the logger to INFO, so a logger-level filter
+    # (which survives pio's handler reset) enforces a quiet level instead.
+    for cls_name in (
+        "ToolPackageManager",
+        "LibraryPackageManager",
+        "PlatformPackageManager",
+    ):
+        manager_logger = logging.getLogger(cls_name.replace("Package", " "))
+        manager_logger.propagate = False
+        manager_logger.addFilter(lambda record: record.levelno >= level)
+    if len(argv) != 2:
+        # A wiring bug, not a network failure; make it distinguishable
+        _LOGGER.warning("prefetch usage: <build_dir> <env_name>")
+        return 2
+    build_dir, env = argv
+    try:
+        _prefetch(Path(build_dir), env)
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:
+        # Shared process group: exit quietly, no traceback on the terminal
+        _LOGGER.debug("Prefetch interrupted", exc_info=True)
+        return 130
+    except Exception as err:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
+        # The parent treats any exit as warn-and-continue, never a failure
+        _LOGGER.warning("PlatformIO package prefetch skipped: %s", failure_reason(err))
+        _LOGGER.debug("Prefetch failure detail", exc_info=True)
+        return _EXIT_HANDLED
+    return 0
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    sys.exit(main(sys.argv[1:]))
diff --git a/esphome/platformio/registry.py b/esphome/platformio/registry.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9538a28ff4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/platformio/registry.py
@@ -0,0 +1,311 @@
+"""Install packages from the PlatformIO registry without importing the
+platformio package (identical bits, esphome's own download machinery)."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Callable, Collection
+from functools import cache, partial
+import json
+import logging
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+import platform
+from typing import NamedTuple
+
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError
+from esphome.framework_helpers import (
+    archive_extract_all,
+    download_from_mirrors,
+    download_with_resume,
+    rmdir,
+    run_batch_downloads,
+)
+from esphome.net_retry import fetch_with_retry, http_request
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+_REGISTRY_URL = (
+    "https://api.registry.platformio.org/v3/packages/platformio/tool/{package}"
+)
+
+
+def get_systype() -> str:
+    """The registry system tag for the current host.
+
+    Transliterates ``platformio.util.get_systype()`` (same
+    ``PLATFORMIO_SYSTEM_TYPE`` override). Deviation: windows-arm64 maps to
+    ``windows_amd64`` (no arm64 toolchains; x86 emulation).
+    """
+    if systype := os.environ.get("PLATFORMIO_SYSTEM_TYPE"):
+        return systype
+    system = platform.system().lower()
+    arch = platform.machine().lower()
+    if system == "windows":
+        if not arch:  # same fallback as upstream (platformio issue #4353)
+            arch = "x86_" + platform.architecture()[0]
+        if "x86" in arch:
+            arch = "amd64" if "64" in arch else "x86"
+        elif arch == "arm64":
+            arch = "amd64"
+    if arch == "aarch64" and platform.architecture()[0] == "32bit":
+        # 64-bit kernel with a 32-bit userland (e.g. 32-bit Raspberry Pi OS)
+        arch = "armv7l"
+    return f"{system}_{arch}" if arch else system
+
+
+@cache
+def registry_download(package: str, version: str) -> tuple[str, str, int | None]:
+    """Resolve a package's download URL, sha256, and size via the registry.
+
+    The metadata fetch goes through ``http_request``/``fetch_with_retry``
+    (the consolidated HTTP path) so it shares the Happy Eyeballs patch and
+    transient-retry policy of every other small fetch. Cached per process
+    so the prefetch and the install resolve each package once (failures
+    are not cached; the install retries them).
+    """
+    url = _REGISTRY_URL.format(package=package)
+
+    def _fetch() -> str:
+        resp = http_request("GET", url, timeout=30)
+        resp.raise_for_status()
+        return resp.text
+
+    import requests
+
+    try:
+        body = fetch_with_retry(url, _fetch, what="Registry lookup")
+    except requests.exceptions.RequestException as err:
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"Could not fetch registry metadata for {package}: {err}"
+        ) from err
+    try:
+        data = json.loads(body)
+    except ValueError as err:
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"The package registry returned invalid JSON for {package}: {err}"
+        ) from err
+    if not isinstance(data, dict):
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"Unexpected package registry response for {package}: {str(data)[:200]}"
+        )
+    systype = get_systype()
+    versions = data.get("versions")
+    if not isinstance(versions, list):
+        # A schema change or an error/captive-portal payload must not be
+        # reported as "version not found"
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"Unexpected package registry response for {package}: {str(data)[:200]}"
+        )
+    for ver in versions:
+        if not isinstance(ver, dict):
+            raise EsphomeError(
+                f"Unexpected package registry response for {package}: {str(data)[:200]}"
+            )
+        if ver.get("name") != version:
+            continue
+        files = ver.get("files")
+        if not isinstance(files, list):
+            raise EsphomeError(
+                f"Unexpected package registry response for {package}: {str(ver)[:200]}"
+            )
+        for file in files:
+            if not isinstance(file, dict):
+                raise EsphomeError(
+                    f"Unexpected package registry response for {package}: "
+                    f"{str(ver)[:200]}"
+                )
+            # Only a missing key means "any system"; an empty list must not
+            # match, and a bare string would make ``in`` a substring test.
+            systems = file.get("system")
+            if systems is None:
+                systems = ["*"]
+            elif isinstance(systems, str):
+                systems = [systems]
+            elif not isinstance(systems, list):
+                # An int would make ``in`` a TypeError and a dict a key test
+                raise EsphomeError(
+                    f"Unexpected package registry response for {package}: "
+                    f"{str(file)[:200]}"
+                )
+            if "*" in systems or systype in systems:
+                sha256 = (file.get("checksum") or {}).get("sha256")
+                if not sha256:
+                    # Never extract an unverified archive; the registry
+                    # publishes a checksum for every package file.
+                    raise EsphomeError(
+                        f"The package registry returned no sha256 for "
+                        f"{package} {version}; refusing the unverified download"
+                    )
+                url = file.get("download_url")
+                if not url:
+                    raise EsphomeError(
+                        f"The package registry returned no download URL for "
+                        f"{package} {version}"
+                    )
+                return (url, sha256, file.get("size"))
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"No {package} {version} build for this platform ({systype})"
+        )
+    raise EsphomeError(f"{package} {version} not found in the package registry")
+
+
+def _check_layout(name: str, dest: Path, expect: Collection[str]) -> None:
+    """Raise when an install tree is missing an expected directory (runs on
+    fresh extracts and on marker hits)."""
+    for rel in expect:
+        if not (dest / rel).is_dir():
+            raise EsphomeError(
+                f"{name} at {dest} is missing the expected {rel} "
+                "directory; run 'esphome clean-all' and retry"
+            )
+
+
+class _PendingArchive(NamedTuple):
+    name: str
+    version: str
+    dest: Path
+    url: str
+    sha256: str
+    size: int
+
+
+def _already_installed(dest: Path) -> bool:
+    """Whether ``dest`` holds a completed install (extraction marker)."""
+    return (dest / ".esphome_extracted").is_file()
+
+
+def prefetch_packages(
+    packages: list[tuple[str, str, Path, list[str]]], downloads_dir: Path
+) -> None:
+    """Download pending package archives in parallel under one combined bar.
+
+    ``packages`` holds ``(name, version, dest, mirrors)`` per package. Purely
+    an optimization: ``install_package`` verifies every archive and
+    re-downloads anything this pass left unfinished. Mirror overrides and
+    registry entries without a size stay on the sequential path so its
+    per-file bars remain trustworthy. Each fetch holds the same per-dest
+    lock as ``install_package``: the archive's ``.part`` file is shared, and
+    two concurrent writers would truncate each other's bytes.
+    """
+    from filelock import FileLock
+
+    pending: list[_PendingArchive] = []
+    seen: set[str] = set()
+    for name, version, dest, mirrors in packages:
+        if mirrors or (dest / ".esphome_extracted").is_file():
+            continue
+        archive_name = f"{name}-{version}"
+        if archive_name in seen:
+            # A duplicate entry would race itself between two workers
+            continue
+        seen.add(archive_name)
+        try:
+            url, sha256, size = registry_download(name, version)
+        except EsphomeError as err:
+            # The sequential install reports the real failure with context
+            _LOGGER.debug("Prefetch resolve for %s failed: %s", name, err)
+            continue
+        if not size:
+            continue
+        archive = downloads_dir / archive_name
+        if archive.is_file() and archive.stat().st_size == size:
+            continue
+        pending.append(_PendingArchive(name, version, dest, url, sha256, size))
+    if len(pending) < 2:
+        return
+    downloads_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    _LOGGER.info(
+        "Downloading %d package archive(s): %s",
+        len(pending),
+        ", ".join(entry.name for entry in pending),
+    )
+
+    def _fetch(entry: _PendingArchive, tracker: Callable[[int], None]) -> None:
+        entry.dest.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        with FileLock(f"{entry.dest}.lock", fallback_to_soft=False):
+            # Marker re-check: a concurrent build may have installed (and
+            # deleted the archive of) this package while we waited;
+            # re-downloading would orphan a fresh copy in downloads_dir
+            # no branch: the thread tracer misses the skip edge; both
+            # arms of _already_installed are pinned directly
+            if not _already_installed(entry.dest):  # pragma: no branch
+                download_with_resume(
+                    entry.url,
+                    downloads_dir / f"{entry.name}-{entry.version}",
+                    sha256=entry.sha256,
+                    size=entry.size,
+                    progress=tracker,
+                )
+
+    failures = run_batch_downloads(
+        "Downloading packages",
+        [(entry.name, entry.size, partial(_fetch, entry)) for entry in pending],
+    )
+    for name, err in failures:
+        if isinstance(err, (EsphomeError, OSError)):
+            # Expected download failures: install_package retries this one
+            # itself, with a visible bar
+            _LOGGER.debug("Prefetch of %s failed: %s", name, err)
+        else:
+            # Anything else is a programming error that would otherwise
+            # become a permanent silent no-op
+            _LOGGER.warning("Prefetch of %s failed: %r", name, err, exc_info=err)
+
+
+def install_package(
+    name: str,
+    version: str,
+    dest: Path,
+    mirrors: list[str],
+    downloads_dir: Path,
+    expect: Collection[str],
+) -> None:
+    """Download, verify, and extract one package if not already installed.
+
+    The registry path is integrity-checked against the sha256 the registry
+    publishes; a mirror override (URL templates with ``{VERSION}``/``{SYSTEM}``
+    substitution) is trusted as configured. ``downloads_dir`` holds the
+    archive between runs so an interrupted download resumes.
+    """
+    if not expect:
+        # Layout validation before marker.touch() is the only guard against
+        # caching a truncated mirror archive as a good install
+        raise ValueError("install_package requires a non-empty expect")
+    marker = dest / ".esphome_extracted"
+    if marker.is_file():
+        _check_layout(name, dest, expect)
+        return
+    from filelock import FileLock
+
+    # Serialize concurrent cold builds (same filelock pattern as git.py).
+    dest.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    # A soft-lock fallback would turn a hard-killed run into a permanent
+    # hang (see git.py).
+    with FileLock(f"{dest}.lock", fallback_to_soft=False):
+        if marker.is_file():
+            # Another process finished the install while we waited
+            return
+        rmdir(dest, msg=f"Clean up incomplete {name} install")
+        # Persistent location so an interrupted download resumes across runs.
+        downloads_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        archive = downloads_dir / f"{name}-{version}"
+        _LOGGER.info("Downloading %s %s ...", name, version)
+        if mirrors:
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "Downloading %s from a mirror override; checksum verification "
+                "is skipped for mirrors",
+                name,
+            )
+            download_from_mirrors(
+                mirrors, {"VERSION": version, "SYSTEM": get_systype()}, archive
+            )
+        else:
+            url, sha256, size = registry_download(name, version)
+            download_with_resume(url, archive, sha256=sha256, size=size)
+        _LOGGER.info("Extracting %s ...", name)
+        archive_extract_all(archive, dest, progress_header="Extracting")
+        # Validate the layout before recording success, so an unexpected
+        # package is never cached as a working install.
+        _check_layout(name, dest, expect)
+        marker.touch()
+        archive.unlink(missing_ok=True)
diff --git a/esphome/platformio/runner.py b/esphome/platformio/runner.py
index c49220a044..9bb2205a90 100644
--- a/esphome/platformio/runner.py
+++ b/esphome/platformio/runner.py
@@ -179,12 +179,24 @@ def main() -> int:
     is_verbose = any(arg in ("-v", "--verbose") for arg in sys.argv[1:])
     filter_lines = None if is_verbose else FILTER_PLATFORMIO_LINES
 
-    sys.stdout = RedirectText(sys.stdout, filter_lines=filter_lines)
-    sys.stderr = RedirectText(sys.stderr, filter_lines=filter_lines)
+    stdout_redirect = sys.stdout = RedirectText(sys.stdout, filter_lines=filter_lines)
+    stderr_redirect = sys.stderr = RedirectText(sys.stderr, filter_lines=filter_lines)
 
     import platformio.__main__
 
-    return platformio.__main__.main() or 0
+    # PlatformIO exits through ``sys.exit``, so drain from a finally to give
+    # a last line without a terminator a chance to reach the user. Drain the
+    # wrappers we made rather than sys.stdout, which PlatformIO is free to
+    # replace while it runs.
+    try:
+        return platformio.__main__.main() or 0
+    finally:
+        # Drain stderr from a finally so a surprise from the first one cannot
+        # strand the second.
+        try:
+            stdout_redirect.drain()
+        finally:
+            stderr_redirect.drain()
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/esphome/platformio/toolchain.py b/esphome/platformio/toolchain.py
index 32e30290ac..97b32420da 100644
--- a/esphome/platformio/toolchain.py
+++ b/esphome/platformio/toolchain.py
@@ -4,22 +4,22 @@ import logging
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
 import re
-import shutil
 import sys
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 
 import platformdirs
 
+from esphome.build_helpers.ccache import resolve_ccache_path
 from esphome.const import CONF_COMPILE_PROCESS_LIMIT, CONF_ESPHOME, KEY_CORE
 from esphome.core import CORE, EsphomeError
+from esphome.framework_helpers import strip_win_long_path_prefix
 from esphome.helpers import (
     add_git_ceiling_directory,
     copy_file_if_changed,
-    get_bool_env,
     rmtree,
     write_file,
 )
-from esphome.util import FlashImage, run_external_process
+from esphome.util import ESP32_ARDUINO_ENV, FlashImage, run_external_process
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from platformio.project.config import ProjectConfig
@@ -40,37 +40,6 @@ _PIO_PYTHON_STAMP_LOCK = ".esphome.pio.stamp.lock"
 _PIO_PYTHON_STAMP_SCHEMA = "0"
 
 
-def _strip_win_long_path_prefix(path: str) -> str:
-    r"""Strip the Windows extended-length path prefix from ``path``.
-
-    Handles both forms documented at
-    https://learn.microsoft.com/windows/win32/fileio/naming-a-file:
-
-    * ``\\?\C:\path\to\file`` -> ``C:\path\to\file``
-    * ``\\?\UNC\server\share\path`` -> ``\\server\share\path``
-
-    The NSIS-installed ``esphome.exe`` launcher on Windows starts Python with
-    ``sys.executable`` already prefixed with ``\\?\``. That prefix propagates
-    into PlatformIO's ``$PYTHONEXE`` (PlatformIO reads ``PYTHONEXEPATH`` from
-    the environment, falling back to ``os.path.normpath(sys.executable)``)
-    and ends up baked into SCons-emitted command lines for build steps such
-    as the esp8266 ``elf2bin`` invocation. ``cmd.exe`` does not understand
-    the ``\\?\`` prefix, so the build fails with
-    "The system cannot find the path specified." Stripping the prefix early
-    keeps the path shell-quotable.
-
-    No-op on non-Windows platforms.
-    """
-    if sys.platform != "win32":
-        return path
-    if path.startswith("\\\\?\\UNC\\"):
-        # \\?\UNC\server\share\... -> \\server\share\...
-        return "\\\\" + path[len("\\\\?\\UNC\\") :]
-    if path.startswith("\\\\?\\"):
-        return path[len("\\\\?\\") :]
-    return path
-
-
 def get_platformio_config() -> "ProjectConfig | None":
     """Return PlatformIO's ``ProjectConfig``, or None when PlatformIO is absent."""
     try:
@@ -127,7 +96,7 @@ def _clean_platformio_python_env(config: "ProjectConfig", core_dir: Path) -> Non
         rmtree(penv)
 
 
-def _current_python_minor() -> str:
+def current_python_minor() -> str:
     """Return the running interpreter's ``major.minor`` (e.g. ``3.13``)."""
     return f"{sys.version_info.major}.{sys.version_info.minor}"
 
@@ -192,7 +161,7 @@ def heal_platformio_python_env() -> None:
 
 def _check_platformio_python_stamp(config: "ProjectConfig") -> None:
     """Compare the stamp to the running interpreter; wipe and restamp on mismatch."""
-    current = _current_python_minor()
+    current = current_python_minor()
     stamp_dir = _pio_stamp_dir(config)
     # Host the stamp/lock even before PlatformIO's first run creates the dir.
     stamp_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
@@ -235,14 +204,29 @@ def _check_platformio_python_stamp(config: "ProjectConfig") -> None:
 
 
 def _ccache_env() -> dict[str, str]:
-    """Return ccache settings for PlatformIO builds.
+    r"""Return ccache settings for PlatformIO builds.
 
     Enabled by default whenever the ``ccache`` binary is on PATH; set
     ``ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE=0`` in the environment to opt out (or ``1`` to
-    force it on). The decision is normalized into ``ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE``
-    so platform build scripts (e.g. the esp8266 ``ccache.py`` extra script,
-    which wraps compiler invocations inside SCons) only have to check for
-    ``"1"`` instead of re-implementing the policy.
+    force it on without the runnability probe; a binary is still needed).
+    The decision is normalized into ``ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE`` and the
+    binary's location into ``ESPHOME_CCACHE_PATH`` so platform build scripts
+    (the shared ``ccache.py`` extra script, which wraps compiler invocations
+    inside SCons) only have to check for ``"1"`` and use the path as given
+    instead of re-implementing the policy.
+
+    The path is exported rather than looked up again inside SCons because
+    ``shutil.which`` can return a Windows extended-length ``\\?\`` path
+    (ESPHome Desktop puts its bundled ccache on PATH that way). Such a path
+    runs fine through ``CreateProcess``, which is how ESP-IDF invokes it,
+    but SCons runs every compile through ``cmd.exe``, which fails on it with
+    "The system cannot find the path specified." (#18399), so the prefix is
+    stripped here with ``strip_win_long_path_prefix()`` before the
+    runnability probe, which therefore validates the exact string the build
+    will execute.
+    ``ESPHOME_CCACHE_PATH`` is an internal channel, not a user setting: the
+    script only honours it together with ``ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE=1``, and this
+    function always sets both or neither.
 
     The returned values are merged into the environment of the PlatformIO
     subprocess only, never into ``os.environ``: a long-running process
@@ -263,13 +247,13 @@ def _ccache_env() -> dict[str, str]:
     build dir. The other ``CCACHE_*`` values the user already set in the
     environment are respected.
     """
-    if "ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE" in os.environ:
-        enabled = get_bool_env("ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE")
-    else:
-        enabled = shutil.which("ccache") is not None
-    env = {"ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE": "1" if enabled else "0"}
-    if not enabled:
-        return env
+    ccache_path = resolve_ccache_path()
+    if ccache_path is None:
+        return {"ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE": "0"}
+    env = {
+        "ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE": "1",
+        "ESPHOME_CCACHE_PATH": ccache_path,
+    }
     # build_path is set during preload for every config-loading command, so it
     # being unset means a caller built the environment too early; fail loudly
     # rather than with an opaque TypeError from Path(None).
@@ -305,6 +289,12 @@ def copy_ccache_script() -> None:
     )
 
 
+def default_libdeps_dir() -> str:
+    """The PLATFORMIO_LIBDEPS_DIR value a pio run defaults to; the package
+    prefetch must resolve installed libraries against the same dir."""
+    return str(CORE.relative_piolibdeps_path().absolute())
+
+
 def run_platformio_cli(*args, **kwargs) -> str | int:
     # Re-provision the PlatformIO cache if the interpreter's major.minor changed
     # since it was last built; a stale platform otherwise rejects the new Python
@@ -312,9 +302,7 @@ def run_platformio_cli(*args, **kwargs) -> str | int:
     heal_platformio_python_env()
     os.environ["PLATFORMIO_FORCE_COLOR"] = "true"
     os.environ["PLATFORMIO_BUILD_DIR"] = str(CORE.relative_pioenvs_path().absolute())
-    os.environ.setdefault(
-        "PLATFORMIO_LIBDEPS_DIR", str(CORE.relative_piolibdeps_path().absolute())
-    )
+    os.environ.setdefault("PLATFORMIO_LIBDEPS_DIR", default_libdeps_dir())
     # Suppress Python syntax warnings from third-party scripts during compilation
     os.environ.setdefault("PYTHONWARNINGS", "ignore::SyntaxWarning")
     # Increase uv retry count to handle transient network errors (default is 3)
@@ -326,7 +314,7 @@ def run_platformio_cli(*args, **kwargs) -> str | int:
     # Strip the Windows extended-length path prefix from sys.executable so it
     # doesn't propagate into PlatformIO's $PYTHONEXE and break SCons-emitted
     # command lines run through cmd.exe.
-    python_exe = _strip_win_long_path_prefix(sys.executable)
+    python_exe = strip_win_long_path_prefix(sys.executable)
     if python_exe != sys.executable:
         # Only override PYTHONEXEPATH when we actually stripped a prefix.
         # PlatformIO's get_pythonexe_path() reads this and falls back to
@@ -342,6 +330,13 @@ def run_platformio_cli(*args, **kwargs) -> str | int:
     base_env = kwargs.pop("env", None)
     env = dict(os.environ if base_env is None else base_env)
     env.update(_ccache_env())
+    # The runner offers the out-of-flash tip but has no configured CORE, so
+    # tell it. Ask CORE, not is_esp32_arduino_build(), which reads this same
+    # variable; clear an inherited one so it cannot reach the wrong build.
+    if CORE.is_configured and CORE.is_esp32 and CORE.using_arduino:
+        env[ESP32_ARDUINO_ENV] = "1"
+    else:
+        env.pop(ESP32_ARDUINO_ENV, None)
 
     return run_external_process(*cmd, env=env, **kwargs)
 
@@ -355,6 +350,9 @@ def run_platformio_cli_run(config, verbose, *args, **kwargs) -> str | int:
 
 
 def run_compile(config, verbose):
+    from esphome.platformio.prefetch import prefetch_platformio_packages
+
+    prefetch_platformio_packages()
     args = []
     if CONF_COMPILE_PROCESS_LIMIT in config[CONF_ESPHOME]:
         args += [f"-j{config[CONF_ESPHOME][CONF_COMPILE_PROCESS_LIMIT]}"]
diff --git a/esphome/storage_json.py b/esphome/storage_json.py
index a90a36b848..9219914529 100644
--- a/esphome/storage_json.py
+++ b/esphome/storage_json.py
@@ -71,8 +71,11 @@ def archive_storage_path() -> Path:
 
 
 def _to_path_if_not_none(value: str | None) -> Path | None:
-    """Convert a string to Path if it's not None."""
-    return Path(value) if value is not None else None
+    """Convert a string to Path; None and the legacy "None" both map to None.
+
+    Sidecars written before as_dict skipped unset paths hold str(None).
+    """
+    return Path(value) if value is not None and value != "None" else None
 
 
 def _parse_framework_version(framework_version: str) -> Version:
@@ -170,8 +173,10 @@ class StorageJSON:
             "address": self.address,
             "web_port": self.web_port,
             "esp_platform": self.target_platform,
-            "build_path": str(self.build_path),
-            "firmware_bin_path": str(self.firmware_bin_path),
+            "build_path": str(self.build_path) if self.build_path else None,
+            "firmware_bin_path": (
+                str(self.firmware_bin_path) if self.firmware_bin_path else None
+            ),
             "loaded_integrations": sorted(self.loaded_integrations),
             "loaded_platforms": sorted(self.loaded_platforms),
             "no_mdns": self.no_mdns,
@@ -189,7 +194,18 @@ class StorageJSON:
         write_file_if_changed(path, self.to_json())
 
     @staticmethod
-    def from_esphome_core(esph: CoreType, old: StorageJSON | None) -> StorageJSON:
+    def from_esphome_core(
+        esph: CoreType, old: StorageJSON | None, *, claim_build: bool = True
+    ) -> StorageJSON:
+        """Build a sidecar from post-validation CORE state.
+
+        claim_build=False (the upload/logs fallback, which runs no build)
+        carries the build-artifact fields (esphome_version,
+        firmware_bin_path) from *old* instead of asserting this run built
+        firmware. Validation-derived fields (platform, framework_version,
+        toolchain, build_path) always stamp; storage_should_clean compares
+        them against the next compile.
+        """
         hardware = esph.target_platform.upper()
         framework_version: str | None = None
         if esph.is_esp32:
@@ -204,13 +220,21 @@ class StorageJSON:
             name=esph.name,
             friendly_name=esph.friendly_name,
             comment=esph.comment,
-            esphome_version=const.__version__,
+            esphome_version=(
+                const.__version__
+                if claim_build
+                else (old.esphome_version if old else None)
+            ),
             src_version=1,
             address=esph.address,
             web_port=esph.web_port,
             target_platform=hardware,
             build_path=esph.build_path,
-            firmware_bin_path=esph.firmware_bin,
+            firmware_bin_path=(
+                esph.firmware_bin
+                if claim_build
+                else (old.firmware_bin_path if old else None)
+            ),
             loaded_integrations=esph.loaded_integrations,
             loaded_platforms=esph.loaded_platforms,
             no_mdns=(
@@ -302,11 +326,27 @@ class StorageJSON:
         except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-except
             return None
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def load_strict(path: Path) -> StorageJSON | None:
+        """Like load, but None only means missing; an unreadable file raises."""
+        if not path.is_file():
+            return None
+        return StorageJSON._load_impl(path)
+
+    def can_apply_to_core(self) -> bool:
+        """True when the sidecar carries everything apply_to_core hands CORE.
+
+        Wizard-written sidecars leave build_path unset (older wizards also
+        the platform fields) and can't drive upload/logs.
+        """
+        return bool((self.core_platform or self.target_platform) and self.build_path)
+
     def apply_to_core(self) -> None:
         """Populate CORE with the metadata upload/logs read.
 
         Inverse of :meth:`from_esphome_core`. Keep paired -- a new
-        attribute upload/logs needs has to be captured there too.
+        attribute upload/logs needs has to be captured there too and
+        reflected in :meth:`can_apply_to_core`.
         Validator-only fields (loaded_integrations/platforms,
         friendly_name) are skipped; the fast path doesn't run
         validation and CORE.__init__ defaults them.
diff --git a/esphome/util.py b/esphome/util.py
index 136d6362f2..b8ffa048ca 100644
--- a/esphome/util.py
+++ b/esphome/util.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 import io
 import logging
+import os
 from pathlib import Path
 import re
 import sys
@@ -87,8 +88,11 @@ def safe_print(message="", end="\n"):
         except UnicodeEncodeError:
             pass
 
+    # Always flush: stdout is block buffered when it is a pipe (the dashboard
+    # runs us that way), so live log lines would otherwise sit in the buffer
+    # for a long time instead of streaming out.
     try:
-        print(message, end=end)
+        print(message, end=end, flush=True)
         return
     except UnicodeEncodeError:
         pass
@@ -104,6 +108,7 @@ def safe_print(message="", end="\n"):
         print(
             message.encode(encoding, "backslashreplace").decode(encoding),
             end=end,
+            flush=True,
         )
         return
     except UnicodeEncodeError:
@@ -113,9 +118,10 @@ def safe_print(message="", end="\n"):
         print(
             message.encode("ascii", "backslashreplace").decode("ascii"),
             end=end,
+            flush=True,
         )
     except UnicodeEncodeError:
-        print("Cannot print line because of invalid locale!")
+        print("Cannot print line because of invalid locale!", flush=True)
 
 
 def safe_input(prompt=""):
@@ -136,6 +142,10 @@ def shlex_quote(s: str | Path) -> str:
     return "'" + s.replace("'", "'\"'\"'") + "'"
 
 
+# Tells the PlatformIO runner subprocess, which has no configured CORE, that
+# this is an ESP32 Arduino build.
+ESP32_ARDUINO_ENV = "ESPHOME_ESP32_ARDUINO_BUILD"
+
 ANSI_ESCAPE = re.compile(r"\033[@-_][0-?]*[ -/]*[@-~]")
 
 
@@ -169,6 +179,51 @@ class RedirectText:
             s = s.replace("\033", "\\033")
         self._out.write(s)
 
+    def _emit_line(self, line: str) -> None:
+        line_without_ansi = ANSI_ESCAPE.sub("", line)
+        line_without_end = line_without_ansi.rstrip()
+        if (
+            self._filter_pattern is not None
+            and self._filter_pattern.match(line_without_end) is not None
+        ):
+            # Filter pattern matched, ignore the line
+            return
+
+        self._write_color_replace(line)
+        # Check for flash size error and provide helpful guidance
+        if (
+            "Error: The program size" in line
+            and "is greater than maximum allowed" in line
+            and (help_msg := get_esp32_arduino_flash_error_help())
+        ):
+            self._write_color_replace(help_msg)
+        for callback in self._line_callbacks:
+            if msg := callback(line_without_end):
+                self._write_color_replace(msg)
+
+    def drain(self) -> None:
+        """Write out a held-back line that never got its terminator.
+
+        A tool that dies part way through a line, or ends its output without
+        a final newline, would otherwise have that text sit in the buffer
+        and never reach the user.
+        """
+        if not self._line_buffer:
+            return
+        line, self._line_buffer = self._line_buffer, ""
+        try:
+            # Add the terminator the line never got, so whatever ESPHome
+            # prints next does not run onto the same line.
+            self._emit_line(line + "\n")
+            self._out.flush()
+        except (OSError, ValueError) as err:
+            # Every caller drains from a cleanup path, where the command's
+            # real result is already on its way out; raising here would
+            # replace it with an unrelated traceback. Carry the line into
+            # the warning, since the stream we were told to write it to is
+            # the one that just failed.
+            _LOGGER.warning("Could not write out remaining output (%s): %s", err, line)
+
     def write(self, s: str | bytes) -> int:
         # s is usually a str already (self._out is of type TextIOWrapper)
         # However, s is sometimes also a bytes object in python3. Let's make sure it's a
@@ -179,38 +234,30 @@ class RedirectText:
             s = s.decode()
 
         if self._filter_pattern is not None or self._line_callbacks:
-            self._line_buffer += s
-            lines = self._line_buffer.splitlines(True)
-            for line in lines:
-                if "\n" not in line and "\r" not in line:
-                    # Not a complete line, set line buffer
-                    self._line_buffer = line
-                    break
+            lines = (self._line_buffer + s).splitlines(True)
+            # Every piece but the last ends with something
+            # ``str.splitlines`` treats as a break, so only the last one can
+            # still be waiting for more text. Hold that one, write out the
+            # rest.
+            #
+            # Some of those breaks are not line endings to us, a form feed
+            # for one, so a piece can go out without ending in a newline.
+            # That beats what we did before, which was to stop at the first
+            # such piece and drop every complete line behind it.
+            if lines and not lines[-1].endswith(("\n", "\r")):
+                self._line_buffer = lines.pop()
+            else:
                 self._line_buffer = ""
-
-                line_without_ansi = ANSI_ESCAPE.sub("", line)
-                line_without_end = line_without_ansi.rstrip()
-                if (
-                    self._filter_pattern is not None
-                    and self._filter_pattern.match(line_without_end) is not None
-                ):
-                    # Filter pattern matched, ignore the line
-                    continue
-
-                self._write_color_replace(line)
-                # Check for flash size error and provide helpful guidance
-                if (
-                    "Error: The program size" in line
-                    and "is greater than maximum allowed" in line
-                    and (help_msg := get_esp32_arduino_flash_error_help())
-                ):
-                    self._write_color_replace(help_msg)
-                for callback in self._line_callbacks:
-                    if msg := callback(line_without_end):
-                        self._write_color_replace(msg)
+            for line in lines:
+                self._emit_line(line)
         else:
             self._write_color_replace(s)
 
+        # Same reason as safe_print: the dashboard gives us a pipe, which is
+        # block buffered, so in-process esptool progress would not show up
+        # until the buffer filled.
+        self._out.flush()
+
         # write() returns the number of characters written
         # Let's print the number of characters of the original string in order to not confuse
         # any caller.
@@ -251,11 +298,11 @@ def run_external_command(
     _LOGGER.debug("Running:  %s", full_cmd)
 
     orig_stdout = sys.stdout
-    sys.stdout = RedirectText(
+    stdout_redirect = sys.stdout = RedirectText(
         sys.stdout, filter_lines=filter_lines, line_callbacks=line_callbacks
     )
     orig_stderr = sys.stderr
-    sys.stderr = RedirectText(
+    stderr_redirect = sys.stderr = RedirectText(
         sys.stderr, filter_lines=filter_lines, line_callbacks=line_callbacks
     )
 
@@ -281,6 +328,18 @@ def run_external_command(
         sys.stdout = orig_stdout
         sys.stderr = orig_stderr
 
+        # Release a last line that never got its terminator. This runs after
+        # the real streams are back, and uses the wrappers we made rather
+        # than whatever the command left in sys.stdout, so it cannot strand
+        # them. With capture_stdout the stdout wrapper was never written to,
+        # so draining it does nothing. Drain stderr from a finally so a
+        # surprise from the first one cannot strand the second; a real bug
+        # still propagates, it just does not take the other line with it.
+        try:
+            stdout_redirect.drain()
+        finally:
+            stderr_redirect.drain()
+
     if capture_stdout:
         return cap_stdout.getvalue()
 
@@ -331,6 +390,20 @@ def is_dev_esphome_version():
     return "dev" in const.__version__
 
 
+# Remove before 2027.2.0
+def parse_esphome_version() -> tuple[int, int, int]:
+    """Deprecated: use esphome.config_validation.require_esphome_version instead."""
+    from esphome.core import Version
+
+    _LOGGER.warning(
+        "parse_esphome_version() is deprecated. Use "
+        "cv.require_esphome_version to gate on a minimum version. "
+        "Removed in 2027.2.0"
+    )
+    version = Version.parse(const.__version__)
+    return version.major, version.minor, version.patch
+
+
 # Custom OrderedDict with nicer repr method for debugging
 class OrderedDict(collections.OrderedDict):
     def __repr__(self):
@@ -466,11 +539,24 @@ def detect_rp2040_bootsel(picotool_path: str | Path) -> BootselResult:
         return BootselResult(0)
 
 
-def get_esp32_arduino_flash_error_help() -> str | None:
-    """Returns helpful message when ESP32 with Arduino runs out of flash space."""
+def is_esp32_arduino_build() -> bool:
+    """Whether the build targets ESP32 with the Arduino framework.
+
+    The PlatformIO runner subprocess has no configured CORE, so the parent
+    passes the answer in the environment.
+    """
     from esphome.core import CORE
 
-    if not (CORE.is_esp32 and CORE.using_arduino):
+    if not CORE.is_configured:
+        # The runner subprocess. A half filled in CORE still counts as
+        # configured, so reading from it raises instead of landing here.
+        return os.environ.get(ESP32_ARDUINO_ENV) == "1"
+    return CORE.is_esp32 and CORE.using_arduino
+
+
+def get_esp32_arduino_flash_error_help() -> str | None:
+    """Returns helpful message when ESP32 with Arduino runs out of flash space."""
+    if not is_esp32_arduino_build():
         return None
 
     from esphome.log import AnsiFore, color
diff --git a/esphome/vscode.py b/esphome/vscode.py
index f404f02f00..ba7b4e727b 100644
--- a/esphome/vscode.py
+++ b/esphome/vscode.py
@@ -3,12 +3,14 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 from io import StringIO
 import json
 from pathlib import Path
+import sys
+import traceback
 from typing import Any
 
 from esphome.config import Config, _format_vol_invalid, validate_config
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import __version__ as ESPHOME_VERSION
-from esphome.core import CORE, DocumentRange
+from esphome.core import CORE, DocumentRange, EsphomeError
 from esphome.yaml_util import parse_yaml
 
 
@@ -97,6 +99,16 @@ def _ace_loader(fname: Path) -> dict[str, Any]:
     return parse_yaml(fname, raw_yaml_stream)
 
 
+def _format_unexpected_error(err: Exception) -> str:
+    """Describe a crash inside validation with the frame it came from."""
+    message = f"Unexpected error while validating: {type(err).__name__}: {err}"
+    frames = traceback.extract_tb(err.__traceback__)
+    if not frames:
+        return message
+    frame = frames[-1]
+    return f"{message} ({frame.filename}:{frame.lineno} in {frame.name})"
+
+
 def _print_version():
     """Print ESPHome version."""
     print(
@@ -134,8 +146,12 @@ def read_config(args):
         try:
             config = loader(file_name)
             res = validate_config(config, command_line_substitutions)
-        except Exception as err:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-except
+        except (EsphomeError, cv.Invalid) as err:
             vs.add_yaml_error(str(err))
+        except Exception as err:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-except
+            # stdout carries the JSON protocol; the full chain goes to stderr.
+            traceback.print_exc(file=sys.stderr)
+            vs.add_yaml_error(_format_unexpected_error(err))
         else:
             for err in res.errors:
                 try:
diff --git a/esphome/web_server_helpers.py b/esphome/web_server_helpers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f48934b185
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/web_server_helpers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+"""Shared helpers for the web_server HTTP transports (OTA upload and logs)."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_AUTH,
+    CONF_PASSWORD,
+    CONF_PORT,
+    CONF_USERNAME,
+    CONF_WEB_SERVER,
+)
+from esphome.core import CORE, EsphomeError
+from esphome.helpers import format_ip_url, resolve_ip_address
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+
+def resolve_web_server_urls(host: str, port: int, path: str) -> list[tuple[str, str]]:
+    """Resolve ``host`` to ``(ip, url)`` pairs for the web_server ``path``.
+
+    Wraps :func:`resolve_ip_address` (honoring ``CORE.address_cache``) and
+    formats each resolved address into an ``http://host:port/path`` URL via
+    :func:`format_ip_url`, handling both IPv4 and IPv6. Shared by the
+    web_server OTA upload and log streaming paths.
+    """
+    addr_infos = resolve_ip_address(host, port, address_cache=CORE.address_cache)
+    return [
+        (sockaddr[0], format_ip_url(family, sockaddr, port, path))
+        for family, _socktype, _, _, sockaddr in addr_infos
+    ]
+
+
+def get_web_server_connection(config: ConfigType) -> tuple[int, str | None, str | None]:
+    """Return ``(port, username, password)`` for the web_server HTTP endpoint.
+
+    Reads the port and optional HTTP Basic-auth credentials from the validated
+    ``web_server:`` config, shared by the web_server OTA upload and log
+    streaming paths. Raises :class:`EsphomeError` if ``web_server`` is absent.
+    """
+    web_conf = config.get(CONF_WEB_SERVER)
+    if not web_conf:
+        raise EsphomeError(f"The {CONF_WEB_SERVER} component is not configured.")
+    auth = web_conf.get(CONF_AUTH) or {}
+    return int(web_conf[CONF_PORT]), auth.get(CONF_USERNAME), auth.get(CONF_PASSWORD)
diff --git a/esphome/web_server_logs.py b/esphome/web_server_logs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e091e24bb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/web_server_logs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+"""Stream device logs over the ``web_server`` component's HTTP SSE endpoint.
+
+The ``web_server`` component exposes a Server-Sent Events stream at ``/events``
+that multiplexes entity state, keepalive pings, and log lines (``event: log``).
+This is the logging counterpart to the web_server OTA upload path
+(:mod:`esphome.web_server_ota`); it lets ``esphome logs`` reach a device that
+has ``web_server:`` configured but no ``api:``.
+
+Only the ``event: log`` frames are rendered; the payload is the device's
+already-formatted, ANSI-colored log line, so it is passed through the same
+``LogParser`` + ``safe_print`` path the serial and native-API log viewers use.
+The stream is long-lived and the server drops idle connections, so the reader
+reconnects automatically until interrupted.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from datetime import datetime
+import logging
+import time
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+import requests
+from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
+
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError
+from esphome.util import safe_print
+from esphome.web_server_helpers import resolve_web_server_urls
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from aioesphomeapi import LogParser
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+EVENTS_PATH = "/events"
+# (connect_timeout, read_timeout). The device sends a keepalive ``ping`` every
+# 10s, so a 30s read timeout tolerates a few missed pings before we treat the
+# connection as dead and reconnect.
+TIMEOUT = (10.0, 30.0)
+# Pause between reconnect attempts so a downed device doesn't spin the CPU.
+RECONNECT_DELAY = 1.0
+# Upper bound for the exponential backoff applied to consecutive failures, so an
+# unreachable host backs off instead of retrying (and logging) once a second.
+MAX_RECONNECT_DELAY = 10.0
+
+
+class WebServerLogsError(EsphomeError):
+    """Raised when the web_server log stream cannot be used (e.g. bad auth)."""
+
+
+def _build_urls(hosts: list[str], port: int) -> list[tuple[str, str]]:
+    """Resolve ``hosts`` to ``(ip, url)`` pairs for the ``/events`` endpoint."""
+    urls: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
+    seen: set[str] = set()
+    for host in hosts:
+        try:
+            resolved = resolve_web_server_urls(host, port, EVENTS_PATH)
+        except EsphomeError as err:
+            _LOGGER.warning("Error resolving IP address of %s: %s", host, err)
+            continue
+        for ip, url in resolved:
+            if url not in seen:
+                seen.add(url)
+                urls.append((ip, url))
+    return urls
+
+
+def _emit(data_lines: list[str], parser: LogParser) -> None:
+    """Render the accumulated ``data:`` lines of one ``event: log`` frame."""
+    time_ = datetime.now().astimezone()
+    milliseconds = time_.microsecond // 1000
+    time_str = (
+        f"[{time_.hour:02}:{time_.minute:02}:{time_.second:02}.{milliseconds:03}]"
+    )
+    for line in data_lines:
+        safe_print(parser.parse_line(line, time_str))
+
+
+def _consume(response: requests.Response, parser: LogParser) -> None:
+    """Parse the SSE stream, rendering only ``event: log`` frames.
+
+    Implements the minimal slice of the SSE grammar the ``web_server`` stream
+    uses: ``field: value`` lines (with one optional leading space after the
+    colon) accumulated until a blank line dispatches the frame. ``id:``,
+    ``retry:``, and comment (``:``) lines are ignored, as are non-``log``
+    events (``ping``, ``state``, ...).
+    """
+    event_type = "message"
+    data_lines: list[str] = []
+    # Iterate bytes and decode as UTF-8 ourselves (matching run_miniterm); the
+    # text/event-stream response has no charset, so requests' decode_unicode
+    # would fall back to Latin-1 and mojibake UTF-8 log characters.
+    for raw in response.iter_lines():
+        line = raw.decode("utf8", "backslashreplace")
+        if not line:
+            if event_type == "log" and data_lines:
+                _emit(data_lines, parser)
+            event_type = "message"
+            data_lines = []
+            continue
+        if line.startswith(":"):
+            continue
+        field, _, value = line.partition(":")
+        value = value.removeprefix(" ")
+        if field == "event":
+            event_type = value
+        elif field == "data":
+            data_lines.append(value)
+
+
+def _stream(url: str, ip: str, auth: HTTPBasicAuth | None, parser: LogParser) -> bool:
+    """Connect and stream one session.
+
+    Returns ``True`` if a connection was established (even if it later
+    dropped), ``False`` if the connection attempt itself failed so the caller
+    can try the next resolved address.
+    """
+    connected = False
+    _LOGGER.info("Connecting to %s ...", url)
+    try:
+        with requests.get(
+            url,
+            stream=True,
+            auth=auth,
+            timeout=TIMEOUT,
+            headers={"Accept": "text/event-stream"},
+        ) as response:
+            if response.status_code == 401:
+                raise WebServerLogsError(
+                    "Authentication failed (HTTP 401). Check the 'web_server' "
+                    "'auth' username and password."
+                )
+            if response.status_code in (403, 404):
+                # Permanent: the endpoint won't appear on retry (wrong version,
+                # 'log' disabled, or forbidden). Surface it instead of looping.
+                raise WebServerLogsError(
+                    f"Device returned HTTP {response.status_code} for "
+                    f"{EVENTS_PATH}; the web_server log stream is unavailable. "
+                    "Ensure 'web_server' is version 2 or higher with 'log' enabled."
+                )
+            if response.status_code != 200:
+                _LOGGER.error(
+                    "Unexpected HTTP %s response from %s", response.status_code, ip
+                )
+                return False
+            connected = True
+            _LOGGER.info("Connected to %s", ip)
+            _consume(response, parser)
+    except requests.RequestException as err:
+        if connected:
+            _LOGGER.info("Log stream from %s ended (%s); reconnecting...", ip, err)
+        else:
+            _LOGGER.warning("Could not connect to %s: %s", ip, err)
+    return connected
+
+
+def run_logs(
+    hosts: list[str],
+    port: int,
+    username: str | None,
+    password: str | None,
+) -> int:
+    """Stream logs from the first reachable host over the web_server SSE feed.
+
+    Reconnects automatically when the stream drops and returns ``0`` on
+    ``KeyboardInterrupt`` (Ctrl+C), mirroring how the serial log viewer exits.
+    """
+    from aioesphomeapi import LogParser
+
+    auth = HTTPBasicAuth(username, password) if username and password else None
+    parser = LogParser()
+    delay = RECONNECT_DELAY
+    try:
+        while True:
+            if not (urls := _build_urls(hosts, port)):
+                _LOGGER.error("Could not resolve any of: %s", ", ".join(hosts))
+                connected = False
+            else:
+                # ``any`` stops at the first address that connects; when that
+                # stream drops we reconnect to the same set on the next pass.
+                connected = any(_stream(url, ip, auth, parser) for ip, url in urls)
+            # Reset the backoff once we reach the device; otherwise grow it
+            # (capped) so an unreachable host doesn't retry/log once a second.
+            delay = (
+                RECONNECT_DELAY if connected else min(delay * 2, MAX_RECONNECT_DELAY)
+            )
+            time.sleep(delay)
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:
+        return 0
diff --git a/esphome/web_server_ota.py b/esphome/web_server_ota.py
index 8d0fdeecff..7b508e8527 100644
--- a/esphome/web_server_ota.py
+++ b/esphome/web_server_ota.py
@@ -12,14 +12,14 @@ import io
 import logging
 from pathlib import Path
 import secrets
-import socket
 from typing import BinaryIO
 
 import requests
 from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
 
 from esphome.core import EsphomeError
-from esphome.helpers import ProgressBar, resolve_ip_address
+from esphome.helpers import ProgressBar
+from esphome.web_server_helpers import resolve_web_server_urls
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ def _try_upload(
     from esphome.core import CORE
 
     try:
-        addr_infos = resolve_ip_address(host, port, address_cache=CORE.address_cache)
+        addr_urls = resolve_web_server_urls(host, port, OTA_PATH)
     except EsphomeError as err:
         _LOGGER.error(
             "Error resolving IP address of %s. Is it connected to WiFi?", host
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ def _try_upload(
             _LOGGER.error("(If you know the IP, try --device <IP>)")
         raise WebServerOTAError(err) from err
 
-    if not addr_infos:
+    if not addr_urls:
         _LOGGER.error("Could not resolve %s", host)
         return 1, None
 
@@ -113,16 +113,7 @@ def _try_upload(
     auth = HTTPBasicAuth(username, password) if username and password else None
 
     # Iterate resolved IPs (IPv4 + IPv6 candidates) just like espota2 does.
-    for af, _socktype, _, _, sa in addr_infos:
-        ip = sa[0]
-        # IPv6 literals must be wrapped in brackets in URLs; link-local
-        # addresses need a percent-encoded zone index per RFC 6874.
-        if af == socket.AF_INET6:
-            scope = sa[3] if len(sa) >= 4 else 0
-            host_part = f"[{ip}%25{scope}]" if scope else f"[{ip}]"
-        else:
-            host_part = ip
-        url = f"http://{host_part}:{port}{OTA_PATH}"
+    for ip, url in addr_urls:
         _LOGGER.info("Connecting to %s port %s...", ip, port)
 
         try:
diff --git a/esphome/writer.py b/esphome/writer.py
index 866377d2f5..0b9e7669ef 100644
--- a/esphome/writer.py
+++ b/esphome/writer.py
@@ -288,11 +288,13 @@ def copy_src_tree():
             # Source file removed, delete target
             p.unlink()
             if target not in generated_files:
+                _LOGGER.debug("Source removed: %s", target)
                 sources_changed = True
         else:
             src_file = source_files_copy.pop(target)
             with src_file.path() as src_path:
                 if copy_file_if_changed(src_path, p) and target not in generated_files:
+                    _LOGGER.debug("Source changed: %s", target)
                     sources_changed = True
 
     # Now copy new files
@@ -303,21 +305,25 @@ def copy_src_tree():
                 copy_file_if_changed(src_path, dst_path)
                 and target not in generated_files
             ):
+                _LOGGER.debug("Source added: %s", target)
                 sources_changed = True
 
     # Finally copy defines
     if write_file_if_changed(
         CORE.relative_src_path("esphome", "core", "defines.h"), generate_defines_h()
     ):
+        _LOGGER.debug("Source changed: esphome/core/defines.h")
         sources_changed = True
     write_file_if_changed(CORE.relative_build_path("README.txt"), ESPHOME_README_TXT)
     if write_file_if_changed(
         CORE.relative_src_path("esphome.h"), ESPHOME_H_FORMAT.format(include_s)
     ):
+        _LOGGER.debug("Source changed: esphome.h")
         sources_changed = True
     if write_file_if_changed(
         CORE.relative_src_path("esphome", "core", "version.h"), generate_version_h()
     ):
+        _LOGGER.debug("Source changed: esphome/core/version.h")
         sources_changed = True
 
     # Generate new build_info files if needed
@@ -332,18 +338,13 @@ def copy_src_tree():
 
     # Defensively force a rebuild if the build_info files don't exist, or if
     # there was a config change which didn't actually cause a source change
-    if not build_info_data_h_path.exists() or not build_info_data_cpp_path.exists():
+    if _build_info_stale(
+        build_info_data_h_path,
+        build_info_data_cpp_path,
+        build_info_json_path,
+        config_hash,
+    ):
         sources_changed = True
-    else:
-        try:
-            existing = json.loads(build_info_json_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
-            if (
-                existing.get("config_hash") != config_hash
-                or existing.get("esphome_version") != __version__
-            ):
-                sources_changed = True
-        except (json.JSONDecodeError, KeyError, OSError):
-            sources_changed = True
 
     # Write build_info header and JSON metadata
     if sources_changed:
@@ -397,6 +398,54 @@ def generate_version_h():
     )
 
 
+def _build_info_stale(
+    h_path: Path, cpp_path: Path, json_path: Path, config_hash: int
+) -> bool:
+    """Whether the build-info sources must regenerate (missing or stale)."""
+    if not h_path.exists() or not cpp_path.exists():
+        _LOGGER.debug("Build info files missing; regenerating")
+        return True
+    try:
+        existing = json.loads(json_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        # An absent build_info.json is stale, not damaged; rebuild quietly
+        _LOGGER.debug("Build info JSON missing; regenerating")
+        return True
+    except (ValueError, OSError) as err:
+        # ValueError covers both JSONDecodeError and UnicodeDecodeError;
+        # unlink so the regenerating write never re-reads the bad copy.
+        # "Unreadable" not "damaged": EACCES/EISDIR land here too
+        _LOGGER.warning("Regenerating unreadable build_info.json: %s", err)
+        try:
+            # missing_ok: a concurrent clean may have removed it already
+            json_path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+        except OSError as unlink_err:
+            # The later write re-reads the file, so a kept unreadable copy
+            # fails again with a misattributed error; name the real cause
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "Could not remove unreadable build_info.json: %s", unlink_err
+            )
+        return True
+    if not isinstance(existing, dict):
+        # Valid JSON that is not an object (truncated or hand-edited) is
+        # stale, not a traceback
+        _LOGGER.debug("Build info JSON malformed; regenerating")
+        return True
+    if (
+        existing.get("config_hash") != config_hash
+        or existing.get("esphome_version") != __version__
+    ):
+        _LOGGER.debug(
+            "Build info stale (config_hash %s -> %s, version %s -> %s)",
+            existing.get("config_hash"),
+            config_hash,
+            existing.get("esphome_version"),
+            __version__,
+        )
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
 def get_build_info() -> tuple[int, int, str, str]:
     """Calculate build_info values from current config.
 
@@ -657,14 +706,17 @@ def clean_all(configuration: list[str]):
     # the per-config loop above can't reach. Wipe the default cache root
     # (also catches leftovers from older install layouts), then the resolved
     # install paths for the ESPHOME_*_PREFIX overrides (docker/add-on/CI)
-    # that live outside it.
+    # that live outside it. Every backend's cache is listed in
+    # TOOLS_CACHE_SPECS, so registering one there is the only step.
     import platformdirs
 
-    from esphome.components.nrf52.framework import get_sdk_nrf_tools_path
-    from esphome.espidf.framework import get_idf_tools_path
+    from esphome.build_helpers.tools_cache import TOOLS_CACHE_SPECS, tools_cache_path
 
     cache_root = Path(platformdirs.user_cache_dir("esphome", appauthor=False)).resolve()
-    for install_path in (cache_root, get_idf_tools_path(), get_sdk_nrf_tools_path()):
+    install_paths = [cache_root] + [
+        tools_cache_path(*spec) for spec in TOOLS_CACHE_SPECS
+    ]
+    for install_path in install_paths:
         if install_path.is_dir():
             _LOGGER.info("Deleting %s", install_path)
             rmtree(install_path)
diff --git a/esphome/yaml_util.py b/esphome/yaml_util.py
index 981e508d5d..7c6cf691b9 100644
--- a/esphome/yaml_util.py
+++ b/esphome/yaml_util.py
@@ -231,18 +231,22 @@ class IncludeFile:
     def __init__(
         self,
         parent_file: Path,
-        file: Path | str,
+        file: str,
         vars: dict[str, Any] | None,
         yaml_loader: Callable[[Path], Any],
     ) -> None:
         self.parent_file = parent_file
-        self.file = Path(file)
+        # The raw include text may be a substitution/Jinja expression, so it
+        # must never round-trip through Path(): on Windows, WindowsPath str()
+        # rewrites "/" to "\", which Jinja then decodes as escapes like
+        # "\b" -> backspace (issue #18545).
+        self.file = file
         self.vars = vars
         self.yaml_loader = yaml_loader
         self._content: Any = _UNSET
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return f"IncludeFile({self.file.as_posix()})"
+        return f"IncludeFile({self.file})"
 
     def load(self) -> Any:
         """Load and cache the included file content.
@@ -258,15 +262,15 @@ class IncludeFile:
             raise Invalid(
                 f"Cannot load include with unresolved substitutions: {self.file}"
             )
-        self._content = self.yaml_loader(Path(self.parent_file.parent / self.file))
+        self._content = self.yaml_loader(self.parent_file.parent / self.file)
         self._content = add_context(self._content, self.vars)
         return self._content
 
     def has_unresolved_expressions(self) -> bool:
         """Check if the filename contains substitution variables or Jinja expressions."""
-        return has_substitution_or_expression(str(self.file))
+        return has_substitution_or_expression(self.file)
 
-    def with_file(self, file: Path | str) -> IncludeFile:
+    def with_file(self, file: str) -> IncludeFile:
         """Clone this include with *file* as the filename."""
         return IncludeFile(self.parent_file, file, self.vars, self.yaml_loader)
 
@@ -313,7 +317,7 @@ def _candidate_include_paths(include: IncludeFile) -> list[Path]:
     parent_dir = include.parent_file.parent
     parent_resolved = include.parent_file.resolve()
     candidates: list[Path] = []
-    for pattern in include_candidate_patterns(str(include.file)):
+    for pattern in include_candidate_patterns(include.file):
         if "*" in pattern:
             matches = sorted(_glob_include_candidates(parent_dir, pattern))
         else:
@@ -362,7 +366,7 @@ def _load_include_candidates(
             continue
         expanded_paths.add(candidate)
         try:
-            loaded = include.with_file(candidate).load()
+            loaded = include.with_file(candidate.as_posix()).load()
         except (EsphomeError, Invalid) as err:
             # Unlike an unresolved pattern (expected during the discovery
             # re-parse), a matched on-disk candidate that fails to load is a
@@ -794,6 +798,10 @@ class ESPHomeLoaderMixin:
             file = fields.get("file")
             if file is None:
                 raise yaml.MarkedYAMLError("Must include 'file'", node.start_mark)
+            if not isinstance(file, str):
+                raise yaml.MarkedYAMLError(
+                    "Include 'file' must be a string", node.start_mark
+                )
             vars = fields.get(CONF_VARS)
             return file, vars
 
@@ -1049,11 +1057,19 @@ def _load_yaml_internal_with_type(
         loader.dispose()
 
 
-def dump(dict_, show_secrets=False, sort_keys=False, relative_to: Path | None = None):
+def dump(
+    dict_,
+    show_secrets=False,
+    sort_keys=False,
+    relative_to: Path | None = None,
+    data_dir: Path | None = None,
+):
     """Dump YAML to a string and remove null.
 
     When ``relative_to`` is given, Path values are dumped relative to that
-    directory (POSIX form) so the output is machine independent.
+    directory (POSIX form) so the output is machine independent; Path values
+    under ``data_dir`` are then dumped as ``.esphome/<rest>``. ``data_dir``
+    has no effect unless ``relative_to`` is also given.
     """
     if show_secrets:
         _SECRET_VALUES.clear()
@@ -1065,6 +1081,7 @@ def dump(dict_, show_secrets=False, sort_keys=False, relative_to: Path | None =
     class _Dumper(ESPHomeDumper):
         _redact_sensitive = not show_secrets
         _relative_to = relative_to
+        _data_dir = data_dir
 
     return yaml.dump(
         dict_,
@@ -1223,6 +1240,9 @@ class ESPHomeDumper(yaml.SafeDumper):
     # directory (in POSIX form) so the output does not depend on where the
     # config lives on the machine that produced it.
     _relative_to: Path | None = None
+    # Paths under this directory are dumped as ``.esphome/<rest>`` so the
+    # add-on's ``/data`` mount matches the CLI layout.
+    _data_dir: Path | None = None
 
     def represent_mapping(self, tag, mapping, flow_style=None):
         value = []
@@ -1266,6 +1286,12 @@ class ESPHomeDumper(yaml.SafeDumper):
             # path that still cannot be relativized (e.g. a different drive)
             # keeps its POSIX form so separators stay stable across OSes.
             path = Path(os.path.normpath(value))
+            # Checked first: the default data dir sits inside the config dir.
+            if self._data_dir is not None and path.is_relative_to(
+                data_dir := os.path.normpath(self._data_dir)
+            ):
+                rel = Path(".esphome") / path.relative_to(data_dir)
+                return self.represent_stringify(rel.as_posix())
             with suppress(ValueError):
                 path = path.relative_to(
                     os.path.normpath(self._relative_to), walk_up=True
@@ -1333,11 +1359,11 @@ class ESPHomeDumper(yaml.SafeDumper):
 
     def represent_include_file(self, value):
         if value.vars:
-            mapping = {"file": value.file.as_posix(), "vars": value.vars}
+            mapping = {"file": value.file, "vars": value.vars}
             return self.represent_mapping(
                 tag="!include", mapping=mapping, flow_style=False
             )
-        return self.represent_scalar(tag="!include", value=value.file.as_posix())
+        return self.represent_scalar(tag="!include", value=value.file)
 
     def represent_id(self, value):
         if is_secret(value.id):
@@ -1349,6 +1375,8 @@ class ESPHomeDumper(yaml.SafeDumper):
         return super().increase_indent(flow, False)
 
 
+# Mirrored by compiled_config._json_default: a new representer that keeps a
+# type round-trippable (like Lambda's) needs a sentinel there too.
 ESPHomeDumper.add_multi_representer(
     dict, lambda dumper, value: dumper.represent_mapping("tag:yaml.org,2002:map", value)
 )
diff --git a/platformio.ini b/platformio.ini
index bf3b0685f8..fcf7caa7c7 100644
--- a/platformio.ini
+++ b/platformio.ini
@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ lib_deps_base =
 lib_deps =
     ${common.lib_deps_base}
     https://github.com/dudanov/MideaUART.git#eeea6c3e9b4474f067054592b435be1c4e466815 ; midea
-    esphome/noise-c@0.1.11                 ; api
-    improv/Improv@1.2.6                    ; improv_serial / esp32_improv
+    esphome/noise-c@0.1.21                 ; noise (api, ota)
+    improv/Improv@1.2.7                    ; improv_serial / esp32_improv
     kikuchan98/pngle@1.1.0                 ; online_image
     ; Using the repository directly, otherwise ESP-IDF can't use the library
     https://github.com/bitbank2/JPEGDEC.git#1.8.4    ; online_image
@@ -244,11 +244,11 @@ lib_deps =
     ${common:idf-component-libs.lib_deps}
     ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer@3.9.6    ; web_server_base
     droscy/esp_wireguard@0.4.5            ; wireguard
-    esphome/noise-c@0.1.11                ; api
+    esphome/noise-c@0.1.21                ; noise (api, ota)
     ESP32Async/AsyncTCP@3.4.5             ; async_tcp
     DNSServer                             ; captive_portal
     heman/AsyncMqttClient-esphome@2.0.0   ; mqtt
-    improv/Improv@1.2.6                   ; improv_serial
+    improv/Improv@1.2.7                   ; improv_serial
     kikuchan98/pngle@1.1.0                ; online_image
     https://github.com/bitbank2/JPEGDEC.git#1.8.4    ; online_image
 build_flags =
@@ -641,7 +641,7 @@ build_unflags =
 extends = common
 platform = platformio/native
 lib_deps =
-    esphome/noise-c@0.1.11  ; used by api
+    esphome/noise-c@0.1.21  ; used by noise (api, ota)
     lvgl/lvgl@9.5.0         ; lvgl
 build_flags =
     ${common.build_flags}
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index eda3c4cf7c..3185fe0a9f 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [build-system]
-requires = ["setuptools==83.0.0", "wheel>=0.43,<0.48"]
+requires = ["setuptools==84.0.0", "wheel>=0.43,<0.49"]
 build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
 
 [project]
@@ -56,6 +56,9 @@ include = ["esphome*"]
 testpaths = [
   "tests",
 ]
+# Prepend the repo root so in-process esphome imports resolve to THIS tree,
+# not wherever the venv's editable install points (e.g. another git worktree).
+pythonpath = ["."]
 addopts = [
   "--cov=esphome",
   "--cov-branch",
diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
index d56a8daec1..594b44432d 100644
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # cryptography 49+ ships no Intel macOS wheels (arm64 only); esptool caps <49 there.
 # Keep 48.0.1, the last universal2 release, so esphome stays installable on Intel Macs.
-cryptography==50.0.0; platform_system != "Darwin" or platform_machine != "x86_64"
+cryptography==50.0.1; platform_system != "Darwin" or platform_machine != "x86_64"
 cryptography==48.0.1; platform_system == "Darwin" and platform_machine == "x86_64"
 voluptuous==0.16.0
 PyYAML==6.0.3
@@ -12,25 +12,27 @@ pyserial==3.5
 platformio==6.1.19
 esptool==5.3.1
 click==8.3.3
-aioesphomeapi==45.7.0
-zeroconf==0.150.0
+aioesphomeapi==46.3.0
+aiohappyeyeballs==2.7.1  # Happy Eyeballs for requests downloads; already pulled in by aioesphomeapi
+zeroconf==0.151.2
 puremagic==2.2.0
 ruamel.yaml==0.19.1 # dashboard_import
 ruamel.yaml.clib==0.2.15 # dashboard_import
 esphome-glyphsets==0.2.0
 pillow==12.3.0
-resvg-py==0.3.4
+resvg-py==0.5.0
 freetype-py==2.5.1
 jinja2==3.1.6
-bleak==2.1.1
+bleak==3.0.2
 smpclient==7.2.0
 requests==2.34.2
 py7zr==1.1.3
-platformdirs==4.11.0  # native esp-idf toolchain global cache dir
-filelock==3.32.2  # inter-process locks (PlatformIO cache heal, git clone cache); >=3.32 for FileLock(fallback_to_soft=...), older versions silently drop the kwarg
+platformdirs==4.11.5  # native esp-idf toolchain global cache dir
+ninja==1.13.0  # native esp8266 arduino toolchain build driver
+filelock==3.32.4  # inter-process locks (PlatformIO cache heal, git clone cache); >=3.32 for FileLock(fallback_to_soft=...), older versions silently drop the kwarg
 
 # esp-idf >= 5.0 requires this
 pyparsing >= 3.3.2
 
 # For autocompletion
-argcomplete>=3.7.0
+argcomplete>=3.7.2
diff --git a/requirements_test.txt b/requirements_test.txt
index b5753066ba..b1309ec63b 100644
--- a/requirements_test.txt
+++ b/requirements_test.txt
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-pylint==4.0.6
+pylint==4.0.8
 flake8==7.3.0  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
-ruff==0.16.1  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
+ruff==0.16.5  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
 pyupgrade==3.21.2  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
-prek==0.4.12  # also change in .github/workflows/ci.yml when updating
+prek==0.5.0  # also change in .github/workflows/ci.yml when updating
 
 # Unit tests
 pytest==9.1.1
diff --git a/script/analyze_component_buses.py b/script/analyze_component_buses.py
index a6ccb79544..b8ee3066bd 100755
--- a/script/analyze_component_buses.py
+++ b/script/analyze_component_buses.py
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ COMMON_BUS_PATH = (
 # the packages on the right as well
 PACKAGE_DEPENDENCIES = {
     "modbus": ["uart"],  # modbus packages include uart packages
+    "modbus_server": ["uart"],  # modbus_server packages include uart packages
     # Add more package dependencies here as needed
 }
 
diff --git a/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py b/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
index 451cd9ac1f..ca1c5736c8 100755
--- a/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
+++ b/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
@@ -475,6 +475,19 @@ TYPE_INFO: dict[int, TypeInfo] = {}
 # TYPE_DOUBLE = 1, TYPE_FIXED64 = 6, TYPE_SFIXED64 = 16, TYPE_SINT64 = 18
 UNSUPPORTED_TYPES = {1: "double", 6: "fixed64", 16: "sfixed64", 18: "sint64"}
 
+# The plaintext frame header budgets 2 varint bytes for the message type
+# (APIPlaintextFrameHelper::HEADER_PADDING), which caps message IDs at 16383.
+MAX_MESSAGE_ID = 16383
+
+
+def validate_message_id(message_id: int, message_name: str) -> None:
+    """Reject message IDs whose plaintext type varint would not fit in 2 bytes."""
+    if message_id > MAX_MESSAGE_ID:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Message ID {message_id} for {message_name} exceeds the plaintext "
+            f"2-byte type varint maximum ({MAX_MESSAGE_ID})"
+        )
+
 
 def validate_field_type(field_type: int, field_name: str = "") -> None:
     """Validate that the field type is supported by ESPHome API.
@@ -498,6 +511,15 @@ def create_field_type_info(
     needs_encode: bool = True,
 ) -> TypeInfo:
     """Create the appropriate TypeInfo instance for a field, handling repeated fields and custom options."""
+    if get_field_opt(field, pb.track_presence, False) and (
+        field.label == FieldDescriptorProto.LABEL_REPEATED
+        or field.type != 11
+        or not needs_decode
+    ):
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"track_presence on field '{field.name}' has no effect; it requires "
+            "a non-repeated message field in a message that is decoded"
+        )
     if field.label == FieldDescriptorProto.LABEL_REPEATED:
         # Check if this is a packed_buffer field (zero-copy packed repeated)
         if get_field_opt(field, pb.packed_buffer, False):
@@ -541,6 +563,8 @@ def create_field_type_info(
         return PointerToStringBufferType(field, None)
 
     validate_field_type(field.type, field.name)
+    if field.type == 11:
+        return MessageType(field, needs_decode, needs_encode)
     return TYPE_INFO[field.type](field)
 
 
@@ -937,9 +961,33 @@ class MessageType(TypeInfo):
         # runtime polymorphism through virtual function calls.
         return None
 
+    @property
+    def public_content(self) -> list[str]:
+        content = [self.class_member]
+        if self._track_presence:
+            content.append(f"bool has_{self.name}{{false}};")
+        return content
+
+    @property
+    def _track_presence(self) -> bool:
+        # Presence is only observable on the decode side
+        return self._needs_decode and get_field_opt(
+            self._field, pb.track_presence, False
+        )
+
     @property
     def decode_length_content(self) -> str:
         # Custom decode that doesn't use templates
+        if self._track_presence:
+            # decode_to_message() cannot report failure, so setting the flag
+            # afterwards only documents intent; a status-returning decode could
+            # gate it for real without touching callers.
+            return (
+                f"case {self.number}:\n"
+                f"      value.decode_to_message(this->{self.field_name});\n"
+                f"      this->has_{self.name} = true;\n"
+                f"      break;"
+            )
         return f"case {self.number}: value.decode_to_message(this->{self.field_name}); break;"
 
     def dump(self, name: str) -> str:
@@ -947,7 +995,10 @@ class MessageType(TypeInfo):
 
     @property
     def dump_content(self) -> str:
-        o = f'out.append(2, \' \').append_p(ESPHOME_PSTR("{self.name}")).append(": ");\n'
+        o = ""
+        if self._track_presence:
+            o += f'dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("has_{self.name}"), this->has_{self.name});\n'
+        o += f'out.append(2, \' \').append_p(ESPHOME_PSTR("{self.name}")).append(": ");\n'
         o += f"this->{self.field_name}.dump_to(out);\n"
         o += 'out.append("\\n");'
         return o
@@ -2401,7 +2452,10 @@ def get_varint64_ifdef(
         # At least one 64-bit varint field is unconditional, so the guard must be unconditional.
         return True, None
     ifdefs.discard(None)
-    return True, ifdefs.pop() if len(ifdefs) == 1 else None
+    # Several guards: the define is needed under any of them, so emit the union.
+    # Falling back to unconditional would pull 64-bit varint support into builds
+    # that have none of them.
+    return True, " || ".join(sorted(ifdefs))
 
 
 def build_enum_type(desc, enum_ifdef_map) -> tuple[str, str, str]:
@@ -2508,14 +2562,10 @@ def build_message_type(
 
     # Add MESSAGE_TYPE method if this is a service message
     if message_id is not None:
-        # Validate that message_id fits in uint8_t
-        if message_id > 255:
-            raise ValueError(
-                f"Message ID {message_id} for {desc.name} exceeds uint8_t maximum (255)"
-            )
+        validate_message_id(message_id, desc.name)
 
         # Add static constexpr for message type
-        public_content.append(f"static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = {message_id};")
+        public_content.append(f"static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = {message_id};")
 
         # Add estimated size constant
         estimated_size = calculate_message_estimated_size(desc)
@@ -3171,8 +3221,12 @@ def main() -> None:
 #include "api_pb2_includes.h"
 """
 
-    content += """
-namespace esphome::api {
+    content += f"""
+namespace esphome::api {{
+
+// Upper bound on message IDs, enforced by the code generator: the plaintext
+// frame header budgets 2 varint bytes for the type (HEADER_PADDING).
+static constexpr uint16_t MAX_MESSAGE_TYPE = {MAX_MESSAGE_ID};
 
 """
 
diff --git a/script/build_alias_registry.py b/script/build_alias_registry.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..e007c075eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/build_alias_registry.py
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""Generate esphome/component_aliases.py from component ALIASES declarations.
+
+Run without arguments to regenerate the registry; ``--check`` (run in CI)
+verifies it is up to date.
+"""
+
+import argparse
+from pathlib import Path
+import sys
+
+# The root directory of the repo
+root = Path(__file__).parent.parent
+# Make the repo's esphome package win over any installed copy
+sys.path.insert(0, str(root))
+
+from esphome.helpers import write_file_if_changed  # noqa: E402
+from esphome.loader import _build_alias_map  # noqa: E402
+
+parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--check",
+    help="Check if the alias registry is up to date.",
+    action="store_true",
+)
+args = parser.parse_args()
+
+registry_file = root / "esphome" / "component_aliases.py"
+
+HEADER = '''"""Component alias registry.
+
+Generated by script/build_alias_registry.py - do not edit manually.
+See the component-alias section of esphome/loader.py.
+"""
+
+# alias -> (canonical component, removal version or None)
+COMPONENT_ALIASES: dict[str, tuple[str, str | None]] = {
+'''
+
+# _build_alias_map scans the real component tree and already rejects
+# duplicate and shadowing aliases with an EsphomeError.
+_, alias_meta = _build_alias_map()
+
+lines = [HEADER]
+for alias, meta in sorted(alias_meta.items()):
+    removal = f'"{meta.removal_version}"' if meta.removal_version else "None"
+    lines.append(f'    "{alias}": ("{meta.canonical}", {removal}),\n')
+lines.append("}\n")
+content = "".join(lines)
+
+if args.check:
+    if registry_file.read_text(encoding="utf-8") != content:
+        print("Component alias registry is not up to date.")
+        print("Please run `script/build_alias_registry.py`")
+        sys.exit(1)
+    print("Component alias registry is up to date")
+else:
+    write_file_if_changed(registry_file, content)
+    print(f"Wrote {registry_file}")
diff --git a/script/build_helpers.py b/script/build_helpers.py
index 50830c221e..b4b25924c3 100644
--- a/script/build_helpers.py
+++ b/script/build_helpers.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ from pathlib import Path
 import subprocess
 import sys
 
-from helpers import get_all_dependencies, root_path as _root_path
+from helpers import get_all_dependencies, has_cpp_unit_tests, root_path as _root_path
 import yaml
 
 # Ensure the repo root is on sys.path so that ``tests.testing_helpers`` and
@@ -131,14 +131,11 @@ def filter_components_with_files(components: list[str], tests_dir: Path) -> list
     """
     filtered_components: list[str] = []
     for component in components:
-        test_dir = tests_dir / component
-        if test_dir.is_dir() and (
-            any(test_dir.glob("*.cpp")) or any(test_dir.glob("*.h"))
-        ):
+        if has_cpp_unit_tests(component, tests_dir):
             filtered_components.append(component)
         else:
             print(
-                f"WARNING: No files found for component '{component}' in {test_dir}, skipping.",
+                f"WARNING: No files found for component '{component}' in {tests_dir / component}, skipping.",
                 file=sys.stderr,
             )
     return filtered_components
diff --git a/script/build_language_schema.py b/script/build_language_schema.py
index f6dcf00851..91c1de00cd 100755
--- a/script/build_language_schema.py
+++ b/script/build_language_schema.py
@@ -250,6 +250,16 @@ def add_pin_validators():
         "modes": ["input"],
     }
 
+    from esphome.components import gpio_expander
+
+    # Wraps pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_schema, so the editor schema must keep
+    # treating the config var as a pin
+    pin_validators[repr(gpio_expander.validate_interrupt_pin)] = {
+        "schema": True,
+        "internal": True,
+        "modes": ["input"],
+    }
+
 
 def add_module_registries(domain, module):
     for attr_name in dir(module):
@@ -1134,13 +1144,29 @@ def convert_keys(converted, schema, path):
         else:
             converted["key"] = "String"
             key_string_match = re.search(
-                r"<function (\w*) at \w*>", str(k), re.IGNORECASE
+                r"<function ([^ ]+) at \w+>", str(k), re.IGNORECASE
             )
             if key_string_match:
                 converted["key_type"] = key_string_match.group(1)
             else:
                 converted["key_type"] = str(k)
 
+        # A marker-wrapped callable key (e.g. script.execute's
+        # ``cv.Optional(validate_parameter_name)``) is a wildcard matcher;
+        # ``str(marker)`` is the function repr, whose heap address would
+        # churn the dump every build. Normalize like the bare-callable
+        # branch above: record the validator name in ``key_type`` and file
+        # the config var under ``string``.
+        key_name = str(k)
+        if isinstance(k, vol.Marker) and callable(k.schema):
+            key_string_match = re.search(
+                r"<function ([^ ]+) at \w+>", key_name, re.IGNORECASE
+            )
+            result["key_type"] = (
+                key_string_match.group(1) if key_string_match else key_name
+            )
+            key_name = "string"
+
         # ``cv.OnlyWith`` / ``cv.OnlyWithout`` expose ``default`` as
         # a property that returns ``vol.UNDEFINED`` when the gating
         # component isn't loaded — and at schema-generation time
@@ -1220,7 +1246,7 @@ def convert_keys(converted, schema, path):
         for base_k, base_v in get_overridden_config(k, converted).items():
             if base_k in result and base_v == result[base_k]:
                 result.pop(base_k)
-        converted["schema"][S_CONFIG_VARS][str(k)] = result
+        converted["schema"][S_CONFIG_VARS][key_name] = result
         if "key" in converted and converted["key"] == "String":
             config_vars = converted["schema"]["config_vars"]
             assert len(config_vars) == 1
diff --git a/script/ci-custom.py b/script/ci-custom.py
index 2d2da20995..f481fda860 100755
--- a/script/ci-custom.py
+++ b/script/ci-custom.py
@@ -247,6 +247,8 @@ def lint_ext_check(fname):
         "CLAUDE.md",
         "GEMINI.md",
         ".github/copilot-instructions.md",
+        # Symlink to the real wifi scan_list.h so the test stub cannot drift
+        "tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/wifi/scan_list.h",
     ]
 )
 def lint_executable_bit(fname: Path) -> str | None:
@@ -317,6 +319,154 @@ def lint_no_long_delays(fname, match):
     )
 
 
+# An if/else/for/while whose only body is an unbraced ESP_LOG*() call. When the build's compile-time
+# log level drops that macro, the body expands to nothing and the compiler warns (-Wempty-body).
+# clang-tidy's brace check does not catch these (ShortStatementLines allows short unbraced bodies), so
+# this fills that gap. Matched against comment/string-masked content, so commented-out or quoted code
+# is ignored. Both spellings are covered: core/log.h defines the uppercase ESP_LOG*() macros and
+# the lowercase esph_log_*() ones, and both expand to nothing below their log level.
+# 'for' allows ';' inside its parentheses (the classic C-style header); 'if'/'while' do not, so their
+# condition cannot run past the statement it guards. The 'for' header permits one level of nested
+# parens so it stays bounded to its own statement: without that, it can run past the loop body and
+# latch onto a later ')', mis-reporting the line and skipping the '#' preprocessor check below.
+ESP_LOG_NEEDS_BRACES_RE = re.compile(
+    r"(?:\bif\s*\([^{};]*\)|\bwhile\s*\([^{};]*\)|\bfor\s*\((?:[^{}()]|\([^{}()]*\))*\)|\belse\b)"
+    r"[ \t]*\n?[ \t]*(?:ESP_LOG[A-Z]*|esph_log_[a-z]+)\s*\(",
+    re.MULTILINE,
+)
+
+
+def _mask_cpp_comments_strings(s):
+    """Return s with // and /* */ comments and string/char/raw-string literals blanked to spaces
+    (length and newlines preserved) so a regex only matches real code. Parentheses in real code are
+    kept, so callers can still balance them on the masked text."""
+    out = list(s)
+    i = 0
+    n = len(s)
+    while i < n:
+        c = s[i]
+        # Raw string literal: an optional encoding prefix, then R"delim( ... )delim". The body may
+        # contain quotes, //, /* and unbalanced parens, so it must be consumed as one unit.
+        if c == "R" and i + 1 < n and s[i + 1] == '"':
+            j = i + 2
+            delim = ""
+            while j < n and s[j] not in "( \t\r\n\\" and len(delim) < 16:
+                delim += s[j]
+                j += 1
+            if j < n and s[j] == "(":
+                closing = ")" + delim + '"'
+                end = s.find(closing, j + 1)
+                end = n if end == -1 else end + len(closing)
+                for k in range(i, end):
+                    if s[k] != "\n":
+                        out[k] = " "
+                i = end
+                continue
+            i += 1
+        elif c == "/" and i + 1 < n and s[i + 1] == "/":
+            while i < n and s[i] != "\n":
+                out[i] = " "
+                i += 1
+        elif c == "/" and i + 1 < n and s[i + 1] == "*":
+            out[i] = out[i + 1] = " "
+            i += 2
+            while i < n and not (s[i] == "*" and i + 1 < n and s[i + 1] == "/"):
+                if s[i] != "\n":
+                    out[i] = " "
+                i += 1
+            if i < n:
+                out[i] = " "
+            if i + 1 < n:
+                out[i + 1] = " "
+            i += 2
+        # A "'" after an alphanumeric or '_' is a C++ digit separator (1'000), not a literal opener.
+        elif c == '"' or (
+            c == "'" and not (i and (s[i - 1].isalnum() or s[i - 1] == "_"))
+        ):
+            quote = c
+            out[i] = " "
+            i += 1
+            while i < n:
+                if s[i] == "\\":
+                    out[i] = " "
+                    if i + 1 < n:
+                        out[i + 1] = " "
+                    i += 2
+                    continue
+                if s[i] == quote:
+                    out[i] = " "
+                    i += 1
+                    break
+                if s[i] != "\n":
+                    out[i] = " "
+                i += 1
+        else:
+            i += 1
+    return "".join(out)
+
+
+def _log_statement_end(masked, open_paren):
+    """Index of the ';' ending the ESP_LOG call whose '(' is at open_paren, or None. Balanced on the
+    masked text so quotes/comments inside the arguments do not confuse the paren count."""
+    depth = 0
+    i = open_paren
+    n = len(masked)
+    while i < n:
+        ch = masked[i]
+        if ch == "(":
+            depth += 1
+        elif ch == ")":
+            depth -= 1
+            if depth == 0:
+                j = i + 1
+                while j < n and masked[j] != ";":
+                    if not masked[j].isspace():
+                        return None
+                    j += 1
+                return j if j < n else None
+        i += 1
+    return None
+
+
+@lint_content_check(include=cpp_include)
+def lint_esp_log_needs_braces(fname, content):
+    # Cheap bailout: no log call means nothing to flag, and skips masking the file entirely.
+    if "ESP_LOG" not in content and "esph_log_" not in content:
+        return []
+    masked = _mask_cpp_comments_strings(content)
+    errors = []
+    for match in ESP_LOG_NEEDS_BRACES_RE.finditer(masked):
+        pos = match.start()
+        line_start = content.rfind("\n", 0, pos) + 1
+        # Skip preprocessor conditionals (#if/#else/#elif): not C++ control statements.
+        if content[line_start:pos].lstrip().startswith("#"):
+            continue
+        # A '// NOLINT' may sit at the end of the log line (where the message says to put it) or on the
+        # control-statement line, so scan the whole statement rather than only up to the ESP_LOG token.
+        stmt_end = _log_statement_end(masked, match.end() - 1)
+        nolint_end = (
+            content.find("\n", stmt_end) if stmt_end is not None else match.end()
+        )
+        if nolint_end == -1:
+            nolint_end = len(content)
+        if "NOLINT" in content[pos:nolint_end]:
+            continue
+        snippet = content[pos : match.end()].replace("\n", " ").strip()
+        errors.append(
+            (
+                content.count("\n", 0, pos) + 1,
+                pos - line_start + 1,
+                (
+                    f"{highlight(snippet)} - an if/else/for/while body that is a single log "
+                    "call must be wrapped in braces. When the log level compiles the macro out, the "
+                    "body becomes empty and the compiler warns (-Wempty-body). Add { } around the "
+                    "log call (or a '// NOLINT' comment if this is genuinely intended)."
+                ),
+            )
+        )
+    return errors
+
+
 @lint_content_check(
     include=[
         "esphome/const.py",
diff --git a/script/ci_memory_impact_comment.py b/script/ci_memory_impact_comment.py
index 0908b99595..33ca84d76c 100755
--- a/script/ci_memory_impact_comment.py
+++ b/script/ci_memory_impact_comment.py
@@ -20,17 +20,21 @@ from jinja2 import Environment, FileSystemLoader
 sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
 
 # pylint: disable=wrong-import-position
+from helpers import run_gh_command  # noqa: E402
 
 # Comment marker to identify our memory impact comments
 COMMENT_MARKER = "<!-- esphome-memory-impact-analysis -->"
 
 
-def run_gh_command(args: list[str], operation: str) -> subprocess.CompletedProcess:
-    """Run a gh CLI command with error handling.
+def run_gh_command_logged(
+    args: list[str], operation: str, *, retry: bool = True
+) -> subprocess.CompletedProcess:
+    """Run a gh CLI command with retries and error reporting.
 
     Args:
         args: Command arguments (including 'gh')
         operation: Description of the operation for error messages
+        retry: Pass False for non-idempotent commands (see run_gh_command)
 
     Returns:
         CompletedProcess result
@@ -39,12 +43,7 @@ def run_gh_command(args: list[str], operation: str) -> subprocess.CompletedProce
         subprocess.CalledProcessError: If command fails (with detailed error output)
     """
     try:
-        return subprocess.run(
-            args,
-            check=True,
-            capture_output=True,
-            text=True,
-        )
+        return run_gh_command(args, retry=retry)
     except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
         print(
             f"ERROR: {operation} failed with exit code {e.returncode}", file=sys.stderr
@@ -472,7 +471,7 @@ def find_existing_comment(pr_number: str) -> str | None:
     print(f"DEBUG: Looking for existing comment on PR #{pr_number}", file=sys.stderr)
 
     # Use gh api to get comments directly - this returns the numeric id field
-    result = run_gh_command(
+    result = run_gh_command_logged(
         [
             "gh",
             "api",
@@ -535,7 +534,7 @@ def update_existing_comment(comment_id: str, comment_body: str) -> None:
     """
     print(f"DEBUG: Updating existing comment {comment_id}", file=sys.stderr)
     print(f"DEBUG: Comment body length: {len(comment_body)} bytes", file=sys.stderr)
-    result = run_gh_command(
+    result = run_gh_command_logged(
         [
             "gh",
             "api",
@@ -562,9 +561,12 @@ def create_new_comment(pr_number: str, comment_body: str) -> None:
     """
     print(f"DEBUG: Posting new comment on PR #{pr_number}", file=sys.stderr)
     print(f"DEBUG: Comment body length: {len(comment_body)} bytes", file=sys.stderr)
-    result = run_gh_command(
+    # Creating a comment is not idempotent: a retry after a dropped response
+    # could post the same comment twice, so fail on the first error instead.
+    result = run_gh_command_logged(
         ["gh", "pr", "comment", pr_number, "--body", comment_body],
         operation="Create PR comment",
+        retry=False,
     )
     print(f"DEBUG: Post response: {result.stdout}", file=sys.stderr)
 
diff --git a/script/clang_tidy_hash.py b/script/clang_tidy_hash.py
index f4fd5a4dff..bdc97bd766 100644
--- a/script/clang_tidy_hash.py
+++ b/script/clang_tidy_hash.py
@@ -1,13 +1,10 @@
-"""Files that affect clang-tidy results, and a content hash over them.
+"""Files that affect clang-tidy results and the idedata built from them.
 
-``CLANG_TIDY_GLOBAL_FILES`` (plus ``SDKCONFIG_DEFAULTS_PREFIX``) is the single
-source of truth for which files influence clang-tidy output. A change to any of
-them can surface warnings in source files a PR didn't touch, so:
-
-* ``script/determine-jobs.py`` runs a full clang-tidy scan when one changes, and
-* ``calculate_clang_tidy_hash()`` folds them into the idedata cache key used by
-  ``script/helpers.py`` (a content hash, unlike an mtime check, stays correct
-  across git checkouts).
+``CLANG_TIDY_GLOBAL_FILES`` (plus ``SDKCONFIG_DEFAULTS_PREFIX``) lists the files
+that influence clang-tidy output; ``script/determine-jobs.py`` runs a full scan
+when one changes. ``ESP_IDF_INFRA_TRIGGER_*`` lists the native ESP-IDF build
+code. ``idedata_cache_hash()`` folds the right set into the idedata cache key
+used by ``script/helpers.py`` and the CI cache action.
 """
 
 from __future__ import annotations
@@ -31,6 +28,18 @@ CLANG_TIDY_GLOBAL_FILES = (
 # this prefix at the repo root.
 SDKCONFIG_DEFAULTS_PREFIX = "sdkconfig.defaults"
 
+# Native ESP-IDF build infra: determine-jobs forces an esp32 compile when these
+# change, and they feed the clang-tidy idedata cache key.
+ESP_IDF_INFRA_TRIGGER_PATH_PREFIXES = ("esphome/espidf/", "esphome/build_helpers/")
+ESP_IDF_INFRA_TRIGGER_FILES = frozenset(
+    {
+        "esphome/build_gen/espidf.py",
+        "esphome/framework_helpers.py",
+        "esphome/platformio/library.py",
+        "esphome/platformio/extra_script.py",
+    }
+)
+
 
 def read_file_bytes(path: Path) -> bytes:
     """Read bytes from a file."""
@@ -66,3 +75,33 @@ def calculate_clang_tidy_hash(repo_root: Path | None = None) -> str:
         hasher.update(read_file_bytes(path))
 
     return hasher.hexdigest()
+
+
+def calculate_idedata_cache_hash(repo_root: Path | None = None) -> str:
+    """Clang-tidy hash plus the Python that generates the idedata."""
+    repo_root = _ensure_repo_root(repo_root)
+
+    hasher = hashlib.sha256()
+    hasher.update(calculate_clang_tidy_hash(repo_root).encode())
+
+    paths = {repo_root / name for name in ESP_IDF_INFRA_TRIGGER_FILES}
+    for prefix in ESP_IDF_INFRA_TRIGGER_PATH_PREFIXES:
+        # .pyc files appear between the CI key computation and load_idedata's.
+        paths.update(
+            path
+            for path in (repo_root / prefix).rglob("*")
+            if "__pycache__" not in path.parts
+        )
+    for path in sorted(paths):
+        if path.is_file():
+            hasher.update(str(path.relative_to(repo_root)).encode())
+            hasher.update(read_file_bytes(path))
+
+    return hasher.hexdigest()
+
+
+def idedata_cache_hash(environment: str, repo_root: Path | None = None) -> str:
+    """Hash gating the cached idedata of one clang-tidy environment."""
+    if "esp32" in environment:
+        return calculate_idedata_cache_hash(repo_root)
+    return calculate_clang_tidy_hash(repo_root)
diff --git a/script/determine-jobs.py b/script/determine-jobs.py
index e4d002975c..f5412af21d 100755
--- a/script/determine-jobs.py
+++ b/script/determine-jobs.py
@@ -53,20 +53,28 @@ from collections import Counter
 from enum import StrEnum
 from functools import cache
 import json
+import math
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
+import statistics
 import sys
 from typing import Any
 
-from clang_tidy_hash import CLANG_TIDY_GLOBAL_FILES, SDKCONFIG_DEFAULTS_PREFIX
+from clang_tidy_hash import (
+    CLANG_TIDY_GLOBAL_FILES,
+    ESP_IDF_INFRA_TRIGGER_FILES,
+    ESP_IDF_INFRA_TRIGGER_PATH_PREFIXES,
+    SDKCONFIG_DEFAULTS_PREFIX,
+)
 from helpers import (
     CPP_FILE_EXTENSIONS,
     ESPHOME_TESTS_COMPONENTS_PATH,
+    INTEGRATION_TESTS_PATH,
     PYTHON_FILE_EXTENSIONS,
+    all_integration_test_files,
     base_python_changed,
     changed_files,
     core_changed,
-    filter_component_and_test_cpp_files,
     filter_component_and_test_files,
     get_changed_components,
     get_component_from_path,
@@ -79,6 +87,8 @@ from helpers import (
     get_target_branch,
     git_ls_files,
     is_validate_only_file,
+    load_integration_durations,
+    lpt_partition,
     root_path,
 )
 from split_components_for_ci import create_intelligent_batches
@@ -92,24 +102,24 @@ CLANG_TIDY_SPLIT_THRESHOLD = 65
 # Isolated components count as 10x, groupable components count as 1x
 COMPONENT_TEST_BATCH_SIZE = 40
 
-# Integration test bucketing: when more than the threshold tests are scheduled,
-# fan out across this many parallel jobs. Below the threshold, a single job runs.
+# Above the threshold, fan out across up to this many jobs, balanced by the
+# recorded per-file durations. The target is serial junit-time weight per
+# bucket, not wall time (calibrated with the conftest compile cap); it
+# sizes the bucket count for small subsets.
 INTEGRATION_TESTS_SPLIT_THRESHOLD = 10
-INTEGRATION_TESTS_SPLIT_BUCKETS = 3
+INTEGRATION_TESTS_SPLIT_BUCKETS = 5
+INTEGRATION_TESTS_TARGET_BUCKET_WEIGHT = 360.0
 
-
-def _split_list(items: list[str], n: int) -> list[list[str]]:
-    """Split a list into n roughly-equal contiguous parts (matches script/clang-tidy)."""
-    k, m = divmod(len(items), n)
-    return [items[i * k + min(i, m) : (i + 1) * k + min(i + 1, m)] for i in range(n)]
-
-
-def _all_integration_test_files() -> list[str]:
-    """Return all integration test file paths, sorted, relative to repo root."""
-    return sorted(
-        str(p.relative_to(root_path))
-        for p in (Path(root_path) / "tests" / "integration").glob("test_*.py")
-    )
+# platformio and aioesphomeapi (requirements.txt), the pytest stack
+# (requirements_test.txt) and the fixture every session compiles; a change
+# to any runs the full matrix
+INTEGRATION_TESTS_TRIGGER_FILES = frozenset(
+    {
+        "requirements.txt",
+        "requirements_test.txt",
+        "tests/integration/fixtures/cache_init.yaml",
+    }
+)
 
 
 def _compute_integration_test_buckets(
@@ -118,7 +128,7 @@ def _compute_integration_test_buckets(
 ) -> tuple[bool, list[dict[str, Any]]]:
     """Compute (run_integration, buckets) from the determine_integration_tests result.
 
-    Pure function for unit testing — no I/O beyond `_all_integration_test_files`
+    Pure function for unit testing — no I/O beyond `all_integration_test_files`
     when `integration_run_all` is set.
 
     `buckets` is a list of `{name, tests}` dicts where `tests` is a JSON-friendly
@@ -126,7 +136,7 @@ def _compute_integration_test_buckets(
     shell word-splitting / glob hazards.
     """
     if integration_run_all:
-        files = _all_integration_test_files()
+        files = all_integration_test_files()
     else:
         files = sorted(integration_test_files)
 
@@ -137,12 +147,23 @@ def _compute_integration_test_buckets(
         return False, []
 
     if len(files) > INTEGRATION_TESTS_SPLIT_THRESHOLD:
-        parts = [
-            part for part in _split_list(files, INTEGRATION_TESTS_SPLIT_BUCKETS) if part
-        ]
+        durations = load_integration_durations()
+        # Unrecorded files weigh the recording's median; with no recording a
+        # file weighs a whole bucket, which keeps the full fan-out
+        default = (
+            statistics.median(durations.values())
+            if durations
+            else INTEGRATION_TESTS_TARGET_BUCKET_WEIGHT
+        )
+        weights = {f: durations.get(f, default) for f in files}
+        count = min(
+            INTEGRATION_TESTS_SPLIT_BUCKETS,
+            math.ceil(sum(weights.values()) / INTEGRATION_TESTS_TARGET_BUCKET_WEIGHT),
+        )
+        # count <= SPLIT_BUCKETS < threshold < len(files): no group is empty
+        parts = [sorted(part) for part in lpt_partition(files, weights, count)]
         buckets = [
-            {"name": f"{i + 1}/{len(parts)}", "tests": part}
-            for i, part in enumerate(parts)
+            {"name": f"{i + 1}/{count}", "tests": part} for i, part in enumerate(parts)
         ]
     else:
         buckets = [{"name": "1/1", "tests": files}]
@@ -217,12 +238,15 @@ def determine_integration_tests(branch: str | None = None) -> tuple[bool, list[s
     3. Integration test infrastructure files changed
        - conftest.py, types.py, const.py, entity_utils.py, state_utils.py, etc.
 
+    4. A file in INTEGRATION_TESTS_TRIGGER_FILES changed
+       - The dependency pins and the session init fixture affect every test
+
     Returns (run_all=False, [test_files...]) when:
 
-    4. Specific integration test files changed
+    5. Specific integration test files changed
        - Only those specific test files are returned
 
-    5. Components used by integration tests (or their dependencies) changed
+    6. Components used by integration tests (or their dependencies) changed
        - Only test files whose fixtures use the changed components are returned
 
     Args:
@@ -240,12 +264,15 @@ def determine_integration_tests(branch: str | None = None) -> tuple[bool, list[s
         # If any core files changed, run all integration tests
         return (True, [])
 
+    if any(f in INTEGRATION_TESTS_TRIGGER_FILES for f in files):
+        return (True, [])
+
     # If infrastructure Python files changed (conftest, utils, etc.), run all tests
     # Excludes test files (test_*.py), fixtures, and non-Python files (README.md)
     if any(
-        f.startswith("tests/integration/")
+        f.startswith(INTEGRATION_TESTS_PATH)
         and f.endswith(".py")
-        and not f.startswith("tests/integration/test_")
+        and not f.startswith(f"{INTEGRATION_TESTS_PATH}test_")
         and "/fixtures/" not in f
         for f in files
     ):
@@ -256,9 +283,9 @@ def determine_integration_tests(branch: str | None = None) -> tuple[bool, list[s
     fixture_to_test_files = get_fixture_to_test_files()
 
     for f in files:
-        if f.startswith("tests/integration/test_") and f.endswith(".py"):
+        if f.startswith(f"{INTEGRATION_TESTS_PATH}test_") and f.endswith(".py"):
             test_files.add(f)
-        elif f.startswith("tests/integration/fixtures/"):
+        elif f.startswith(f"{INTEGRATION_TESTS_PATH}fixtures/"):
             if f.endswith(".yaml"):
                 # Fixture YAML changed - add corresponding test file(s)
                 test_files.update(fixture_to_test_files.get(Path(f).stem, ()))
@@ -525,15 +552,6 @@ def _esp32_platformio_path_or_file_trigger(files: list[str]) -> bool:
     return False
 
 
-# ESP-IDF infra: changes under esphome/espidf/ or to the IDF build generator
-# affect every esp32 IDF build (now the default toolchain) but aren't
-# components, so the component matrix wouldn't otherwise force any esp32
-# compile. When they change we fold the `esp32` component into the matrix so
-# the default native-IDF build path is still compiled on an infra-only PR.
-ESP_IDF_INFRA_TRIGGER_PATH_PREFIXES = ("esphome/espidf/",)
-ESP_IDF_INFRA_TRIGGER_FILES = frozenset({"esphome/build_gen/espidf.py"})
-
-
 def _esp_idf_infra_changed(files: list[str]) -> bool:
     """Whether any changed file is ESP-IDF build/runner infrastructure."""
     for file in files:
@@ -620,12 +638,17 @@ def determine_cpp_unit_tests(
 
     C++ unit tests will run when any of the following conditions are met:
 
-    1. Any C++ core source files changed (esphome/core/*), in which case
+    1. Any core C++ or Python files changed (esphome/core/*), in which case
        all cpp unit tests run.
     2. A test file for a component changed, which triggers tests for that
        component.
     3. The code for a component changed, which triggers tests for that
-       component and all components that depend on it.
+       component and all components that depend on it. Python files count
+       too: a component's Python decides which sources and defines go into
+       the host test build, so a Python-only change can break the link.
+
+    Components without C++ test sources are dropped from the list, so the
+    job is only scheduled when there is something to build.
 
     Args:
         branch: Branch to compare against. If None, uses default.
@@ -639,9 +662,7 @@ def determine_cpp_unit_tests(
     if core_changed(files):
         return (True, [])
 
-    # Filter to only C++ files
-    cpp_files = list(filter(filter_component_and_test_cpp_files, files))
-    return (False, get_cpp_changed_components(cpp_files))
+    return (False, get_cpp_changed_components(files))
 
 
 # Paths within tests/benchmarks/ that contain component benchmark files
@@ -1400,6 +1421,7 @@ def main() -> None:
     output: dict[str, Any] = {
         "core_ci": run_core_ci,
         "integration_tests": run_integration,
+        "integration_run_all": integration_run_all,
         "integration_test_buckets": integration_test_buckets,
         "clang_tidy": run_clang_tidy,
         "clang_tidy_mode": clang_tidy_mode,
diff --git a/script/git-hooks/post-checkout b/script/git-hooks/post-checkout
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..8f4085ae6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/git-hooks/post-checkout
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Prepare the dev environment for a new checkout or worktree.
+#
+# Installed into the git hooks directory by script/setup. Deliberately tiny and
+# self-contained: it stays valid on branches where script/setup does not exist,
+# and simply does nothing there.
+
+# $3 is 1 for a branch checkout, 0 for a file checkout.
+[ "$3" = "1" ] || exit 0
+
+top=$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel 2>/dev/null) || exit 0
+
+# This also runs on ordinary branch switches, where there is nothing to do.
+[ -x "$top/venv/bin/python" ] && exit 0
+[ -x "$top/script/setup" ] || exit 0
+
+# Clear VIRTUAL_ENV so a checkout made from a shell with an environment already
+# activated still gets its own, rather than having the active one repointed at
+# this working tree.
+exec env -u VIRTUAL_ENV "$top/script/setup"
diff --git a/script/helpers.py b/script/helpers.py
index 7cc001d92f..bf22e15808 100644
--- a/script/helpers.py
+++ b/script/helpers.py
@@ -43,6 +43,53 @@ ESPHOME_TESTS_COMPONENTS_PATH = "tests/components/"
 # Tuple of component and test paths for efficient startswith checks
 COMPONENT_AND_TESTS_PATHS = (ESPHOME_COMPONENTS_PATH, ESPHOME_TESTS_COMPONENTS_PATH)
 
+# Integration tests path prefix
+INTEGRATION_TESTS_PATH = "tests/integration/"
+
+# Per-file integration test durations from CI junit output; shared by the
+# reader (determine-jobs) and writer (update_integration_test_durations)
+INTEGRATION_TEST_DURATIONS_FILE = "tests/integration/integration_test_durations.json"
+
+
+def all_integration_test_files() -> list[str]:
+    """Return all integration test file paths, sorted, relative to repo root."""
+    return sorted(
+        p.relative_to(root_path).as_posix()
+        for p in (Path(root_path) / "tests" / "integration").glob("test_*.py")
+    )
+
+
+def load_integration_durations() -> dict[str, float]:
+    """Return recorded per-file pytest durations in seconds; empty when unavailable."""
+    try:
+        raw = json.loads(
+            (Path(root_path) / INTEGRATION_TEST_DURATIONS_FILE).read_text()
+        )
+        if not isinstance(raw, dict):
+            print(
+                f"integration durations unavailable: expected an object, "
+                f"got {type(raw).__name__}",
+                file=sys.stderr,
+            )
+            return {}
+    except (OSError, ValueError) as err:
+        # The file ships in the repo; degrade to unweighted bucketing, loudly
+        print(f"integration durations unavailable: {err}", file=sys.stderr)
+        return {}
+    durations = {
+        key: seconds
+        for key, value in raw.items()
+        if isinstance(value, (int, float)) and (seconds := float(value)) > 0
+    }
+    if len(durations) != len(raw):
+        # One bad entry must not discard the whole recording
+        print(
+            f"dropped {len(raw) - len(durations)} invalid duration entries",
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
+    return durations
+
+
 # Base bus components - these ARE the bus implementations and should not
 # be flagged as needing migration since they are the platform/base components
 BASE_BUS_COMPONENTS = {
@@ -469,6 +516,77 @@ def get_target_branch() -> str | None:
     return None
 
 
+# Substrings (matched case-insensitively against gh's stderr) that identify
+# transient failures worth retrying: server errors (HTTP 5xx) and dropped or
+# failed connections. Permanent failures (bad auth, missing PR, the 300-file
+# diff limit) never match so callers see them immediately. Phrases are
+# anchored so gh's GraphQL "Could not resolve to a PullRequest" (a missing
+# PR) never classifies as a DNS failure.
+_TRANSIENT_GH_ERROR_RE = re.compile(
+    r"http 5\d\d"
+    r"|timed out|timeout"
+    r"|connection (?:reset|refused|closed)"
+    r"|no such host|could not resolve host"
+    # gh intercepts DNS errors and prints its own "error connecting to
+    # <host>" text; the Go phrases above are kept as a hedge in case a
+    # future gh stops swallowing the underlying error
+    r"|error connecting to"
+    r"|failed to verify certificate"
+    # Go reports a server-closed connection as 'Post "<url>": EOF'; the
+    # quote-and-colon anchor keeps a URL or message body containing the
+    # letters from matching
+    r"|unexpected eof"
+    r'|": eof'
+    r"|network is unreachable"
+    r"|temporary failure"
+)
+
+# Same retry policy as git network commands in esphome/git.py: 3 attempts
+# with 2s/4s backoff.
+_GH_MAX_ATTEMPTS = 3
+
+
+def run_gh_command(
+    args: list[str], *, retry: bool = True
+) -> subprocess.CompletedProcess[str]:
+    """Run a gh CLI command, retrying transient network and server failures.
+
+    Args:
+        args: Full command line, including the leading "gh".
+        retry: Pass False for commands that are not idempotent (e.g. posting
+            a comment), where a retry after a dropped response could repeat
+            a write that already succeeded server-side.
+
+    Returns:
+        CompletedProcess with captured text output.
+
+    Raises:
+        subprocess.CalledProcessError: If the command fails with a permanent
+            error, or is still failing after the retries are exhausted.
+    """
+    attempts = _GH_MAX_ATTEMPTS if retry else 1
+    attempt = 0
+    while True:
+        try:
+            return subprocess.run(
+                args, check=True, capture_output=True, text=True, close_fds=False
+            )
+        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as err:
+            attempt += 1
+            stderr = err.stderr or ""
+            if attempt >= attempts or not _TRANSIENT_GH_ERROR_RE.search(stderr.lower()):
+                raise
+            delay = 2**attempt
+            # Only the leading arguments: comment-update calls carry the
+            # whole multi-KB comment body in the argument list
+            print(
+                f"WARNING: {' '.join(args[:3])} failed: {stderr.strip()}; "
+                f"retrying in {delay}s (attempt {attempt}/{attempts})",
+                file=sys.stderr,
+            )
+            time.sleep(delay)
+
+
 @cache
 def _get_changed_files_github_actions() -> list[str] | None:
     """Get changed files in GitHub Actions environment.
@@ -487,8 +605,9 @@ def _get_changed_files_github_actions() -> list[str] | None:
             try:
                 return _get_changed_files_from_command(cmd)
             except Exception as e:
-                # If it fails due to the 300 file limit, use the API method
-                if "maximum" in str(e) and "files" in str(e):
+                # If it fails due to a diff limit (300 files or 20000 lines),
+                # use the API method which only returns filenames
+                if "diff exceeded the maximum" in str(e):
                     cmd = [
                         "gh",
                         "api",
@@ -542,10 +661,22 @@ def changed_files(branch: str | None = None) -> list[str]:
 
 
 def _get_changed_files_from_command(command: list[str]) -> list[str]:
-    """Run a git command to get changed files and return them as a list."""
-    proc = subprocess.run(command, capture_output=True, text=True, check=False)
-    if proc.returncode != 0:
-        raise Exception(f"Command failed: {' '.join(command)}\nstderr: {proc.stderr}")
+    """Run a git or gh command to get changed files and return them as a list."""
+    if command[0] == "gh":
+        try:
+            proc = run_gh_command(command)
+        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
+            raise Exception(
+                f"Command failed: {' '.join(command)}\nstderr: {e.stderr}"
+            ) from e
+    else:
+        proc = subprocess.run(
+            command, capture_output=True, text=True, check=False, close_fds=False
+        )
+        if proc.returncode != 0:
+            raise Exception(
+                f"Command failed: {' '.join(command)}\nstderr: {proc.stderr}"
+            )
 
     changed_files = splitlines_no_ends(proc.stdout)
     cwd = Path.cwd()
@@ -725,17 +856,14 @@ def load_idedata(environment: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
     start_time = time.time()
     print(f"Loading IDE data for environment '{environment}'...")
 
-    # Reuse the clang-tidy input hash as the cache key: it already covers every
-    # file baked into the generated idedata (platformio.ini, sdkconfig.defaults,
-    # esphome/idf_component.yml), so this can't drift from that file list. A
-    # content hash -- unlike an mtime comparison -- stays correct across git
-    # checkouts, which don't preserve mtimes.
-    from clang_tidy_hash import calculate_clang_tidy_hash
+    # Content hash of the idedata inputs (data files and the generator code); a
+    # content hash, unlike mtimes, stays correct across git checkouts.
+    from clang_tidy_hash import idedata_cache_hash
 
     temp_idedata = Path(temp_folder) / f"idedata-{environment}.json"
     temp_hash = Path(temp_folder) / f"idedata-{environment}.hash"
 
-    cache_key = calculate_clang_tidy_hash()
+    cache_key = idedata_cache_hash(environment)
     changed = (
         not temp_idedata.is_file()
         or not temp_hash.is_file()
@@ -1066,17 +1194,41 @@ def filter_component_and_test_files(file_path: str) -> bool:
     )
 
 
-def filter_component_and_test_cpp_files(file_path: str) -> bool:
-    """Check if a file is a C++ source file in component or test directories.
+def filter_cpp_unit_test_files(file_path: str) -> bool:
+    """Check if a file can affect a component's C++ unit test build.
+
+    Besides C++ sources, a component's Python code (defines, source file
+    filters, libraries) and the ``__init__.py`` manifest overrides under
+    ``tests/components/<component>/`` decide what the host test binary
+    compiles and links. Other Python files under ``tests/components/``
+    (pytest conftest.py, fixtures) do not.
 
     Args:
         file_path: Path to check
 
     Returns:
-        True if the file is a C++ source/header file in component or test directories
+        True if the file is a C++ or Python file in a component directory, or
+        a C++ file or ``__init__.py`` in a component test directory
     """
-    return file_path.endswith(CPP_FILE_EXTENSIONS) and file_path.startswith(
-        COMPONENT_AND_TESTS_PATHS
+    if file_path.startswith(ESPHOME_COMPONENTS_PATH):
+        return file_path.endswith(CPP_AND_PYTHON_FILE_EXTENSIONS)
+    if file_path.startswith(ESPHOME_TESTS_COMPONENTS_PATH):
+        return file_path.endswith(CPP_FILE_EXTENSIONS) or file_path.endswith(
+            "/__init__.py"
+        )
+    return False
+
+
+def has_cpp_unit_tests(component: str, tests_dir: Path) -> bool:
+    """Check if a component has C++ test or benchmark sources in ``tests_dir``.
+
+    Shared by CI job selection and the build itself
+    (``build_helpers.filter_components_with_files``) so both agree on
+    which components have something to build.
+    """
+    component_dir = tests_dir / component
+    return component_dir.is_dir() and (
+        any(component_dir.glob("*.cpp")) or any(component_dir.glob("*.h"))
     )
 
 
@@ -1402,41 +1554,59 @@ def base_python_changed(files: list[str]) -> bool:
 
 
 def get_cpp_changed_components(files: list[str]) -> list[str]:
-    """Get components that have changed C++ files or tests.
+    """Get components whose C++ unit tests are affected by changed files.
 
     This function analyzes a list of changed files and determines which components
     are affected. It handles two scenarios:
 
-    1. Test files changed (tests/components/<component>/*.cpp):
+    1. Test files changed (tests/components/<component>/*.cpp or __init__.py):
        - Adds the component to the affected list
        - Only that component needs to be tested
 
-    2. Component C++ files changed (esphome/components/<component>/*):
+    2. Component files changed (esphome/components/<component>/*.cpp or *.py):
        - Adds the component to the affected list
        - Also adds all components that depend on this component (recursively)
        - This ensures that changes propagate to dependent components
 
+    Python files count because a component's Python code decides which
+    sources and defines end up in the host test build. Components without
+    C++ test sources are dropped so CI does not schedule the job for nothing.
+
     Args:
-        files: List of file paths to analyze (should be C++ files)
+        files: List of changed file paths; irrelevant ones are ignored
 
     Returns:
         Sorted list of component names that need C++ unit tests run
     """
     components_graph = create_components_graph()
+    tests_dir = Path(root_path) / ESPHOME_TESTS_COMPONENTS_PATH
     affected: set[str] = set()
     for file in files:
-        if not file.endswith(CPP_FILE_EXTENSIONS):
+        if not filter_cpp_unit_test_files(file):
             continue
-        if file.startswith(ESPHOME_TESTS_COMPONENTS_PATH):
-            parts = file.split("/")
-            if len(parts) >= 4:
-                component_dir = Path(ESPHOME_TESTS_COMPONENTS_PATH) / parts[2]
-                if component_dir.is_dir():
-                    affected.add(parts[2])
-        elif file.startswith(ESPHOME_COMPONENTS_PATH):
-            parts = file.split("/")
-            if len(parts) >= 4:
-                component = parts[2]
-                affected.update(find_children_of_component(components_graph, component))
-                affected.add(component)
-    return sorted(affected)
+        parts = file.split("/")
+        if len(parts) < 4:
+            continue
+        component = parts[2]
+        affected.add(component)
+        if file.startswith(ESPHOME_COMPONENTS_PATH):
+            affected.update(find_children_of_component(components_graph, component))
+    return sorted(c for c in affected if has_cpp_unit_tests(c, tests_dir))
+
+
+def lpt_partition(
+    items: list[str], weights: dict[str, float], count: int
+) -> list[list[str]]:
+    """Partition items into `count` weight-balanced groups (LPT greedy).
+
+    Heaviest item first into the lightest group. Ties keep input order, so
+    pass pre-sorted items for deterministic output. script/clang-tidy's
+    split_list is the unweighted contiguous sibling.
+    """
+    groups: list[list[str]] = [[] for _ in range(count)]
+    group_weights = [0.0] * count
+    for item in sorted(items, key=lambda i: -weights[i]):
+        lightest = min(range(count), key=group_weights.__getitem__)
+        groups[lightest].append(item)
+        group_weights[lightest] += weights[item]
+    return groups
diff --git a/script/list-components.py b/script/list-components.py
index 31a1609f88..45efccb133 100755
--- a/script/list-components.py
+++ b/script/list-components.py
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ import argparse
 
 from helpers import (
     changed_files,
-    filter_component_and_test_cpp_files,
     filter_component_and_test_files,
     get_all_component_files,
     get_components_with_dependencies,
@@ -38,7 +37,7 @@ def main():
     parser.add_argument(
         "--cpp-changed",
         action="store_true",
-        help="List components with changed C++ files",
+        help="List components whose C++ unit tests are affected by changed files",
     )
     args = parser.parse_args()
 
@@ -78,9 +77,9 @@ def main():
         #   Returns: Components with code changes + their dependencies (not infrastructure)
         #   Reason: CI needs to test changed components and their dependents
         #
-        # - --cpp-changed: Used by CI to determine if any C++ files changed (script/determine-jobs.py)
-        #   Returns: Only components with changed C++ files
-        #   Reason: Only components with C++ changes need C++ testing
+        # - --cpp-changed: Mirrors the C++ unit test selection in script/determine-jobs.py
+        #   Returns: Components with changed C++ or Python files (plus dependents)
+        #   Reason: Python decides which sources and defines go into the host test build
 
         base_test_changed = any(
             "tests/test_build_components" in file for file in changed
@@ -115,9 +114,7 @@ def main():
         for c in get_components_with_dependencies(files, False):
             print(c)
     elif args.cpp_changed:
-        # Only look at changed cpp files
-        files = list(filter(filter_component_and_test_cpp_files, changed))
-        for c in get_cpp_changed_components(files):
+        for c in get_cpp_changed_components(changed):
             print(c)
     else:
         # Return all changed components (with dependencies) - default behavior
diff --git a/script/platformio_install_deps.py b/script/platformio_install_deps.py
index 8f7261efc3..1c4fb28b30 100755
--- a/script/platformio_install_deps.py
+++ b/script/platformio_install_deps.py
@@ -3,58 +3,375 @@
 # all platformio libraries in the global storage
 
 import argparse
+from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
 import configparser
+from contextlib import suppress
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+import queue
 import subprocess
+import threading
+import traceback
 
-config = configparser.ConfigParser(inline_comment_prefixes=(";",))
+# esphome is not installed at this docker layer; pio's fs.rmtree is the
+# same chmod-on-readonly shape its own installer uses
+try:
+    from platformio import fs
+    from platformio.cache import ContentCache
+    from platformio.package.manager.base import BasePackageManager
+    from platformio.package.manager.library import LibraryPackageManager
+    from platformio.package.manager.tool import ToolPackageManager
+    from platformio.package.meta import PackageCompatibility
 
-parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="")
-parser.add_argument("file", help="Path to platformio.ini", nargs=1)
-parser.add_argument("-l", "--libraries", help="Install libraries", action="store_true")
-parser.add_argument("-p", "--platforms", help="Install platforms", action="store_true")
-parser.add_argument("-t", "--tools", help="Install tools", action="store_true")
+    PARALLEL_AVAILABLE = True
+except ImportError as err:  # pragma: no cover
+    # A moved pio module must degrade to the serial pass, not kill the
+    # image build; the tripwire test makes the drift loud in CI
+    PARALLEL_AVAILABLE = False
+    IMPORT_ERROR = repr(err)
 
-args = parser.parse_args()
-
-config.read(args.file)
+# Network-bound downloads release the GIL, so the pool oversubscribes
+# the cores. This bypasses pio's 500ms registry throttle and races its
+# self-unlinking cache LockFiles; both are cache-only and self-healing.
+MAX_WORKERS = 16
 
 
-libs = []
-tools = []
-platforms = []
-# Extract from every lib_deps key in all sections
-for section in config.sections():
-    conf = config[section]
-    if "lib_deps" in conf and args.libraries:
-        for lib_dep in conf["lib_deps"].splitlines():
-            if not lib_dep:
-                # Empty line or comment
-                continue
-            if lib_dep.startswith("${"):
-                # Extending from another section
-                continue
-            if "@" not in lib_dep:
-                # No version pinned, this is an internal lib
-                continue
-            libs.append("-l")
-            libs.append(lib_dep)
-    if "platform" in conf and args.platforms:
-        platforms.append("-p")
-        platforms.append(conf["platform"])
-    if "platform_packages" in conf and args.tools:
-        for tool in conf["platform_packages"].splitlines():
-            if not tool:
-                # Empty line or comment
-                continue
-            if tool.startswith("${"):
-                # Extending from another section
-                continue
-            if tool.find("https://github.com") != -1:
-                split = tool.find("@")
-                tool = tool[split + 1 :]
-            tools.append("-t")
-            tools.append(tool)
+class CleanupError(RuntimeError):
+    """A torn destination could not be removed; the serial pass would
+    trust it, so the build must fail rather than bake a corrupt image."""
 
-subprocess.check_call(
-    ["platformio", "pkg", "install", "-g", *libs, *platforms, *tools], close_fds=False
-)
+
+class LockReleaseError(RuntimeError):
+    """The manager lock could not be released; the serial pass would
+    block on it, so the build must fail with the cause named."""
+
+
+def parse_specs(path: str, args: argparse.Namespace) -> tuple[list, list, list]:
+    """Extract lib/platform/tool specs from every section of a platformio.ini."""
+    config = configparser.ConfigParser(inline_comment_prefixes=(";",))
+    if not config.read(path):
+        # ConfigParser silently ignores unreadable files; an empty spec
+        # list would build an image with no dependencies at all
+        raise SystemExit(f"Could not read {path}")
+    libs = []
+    tools = []
+    platforms = []
+    for section in config.sections():
+        conf = config[section]
+        if "lib_deps" in conf and args.libraries:
+            for lib_dep in conf["lib_deps"].splitlines():
+                if not lib_dep:
+                    # Empty line or comment
+                    continue
+                if lib_dep.startswith("${"):
+                    # Extending from another section
+                    continue
+                if "@" not in lib_dep:
+                    # No version pinned, this is an internal lib
+                    continue
+                libs.append(lib_dep)
+        if "platform" in conf and args.platforms:
+            platforms.append(conf["platform"])
+        if "platform_packages" in conf and args.tools:
+            for tool in conf["platform_packages"].splitlines():
+                if not tool:
+                    # Empty line or comment
+                    continue
+                if tool.startswith("${"):
+                    # Extending from another section
+                    continue
+                if tool.find("https://github.com") != -1:
+                    split = tool.find("@")
+                    tool = tool[split + 1 :]
+                tools.append(tool)
+    # Exact-string dedupe only: name-level dedupe would change which
+    # version conflicts the pkg install pass reconciles
+    return (
+        list(dict.fromkeys(libs)),
+        list(dict.fromkeys(platforms)),
+        list(dict.fromkeys(tools)),
+    )
+
+
+def piopm_matches(package_dir: str, spec) -> list[Path]:
+    """Dirs whose .piopm metadata names this spec; a positive match beats
+    guessing the manifest-derived dirname from the registry name."""
+    want = (BasePackageManager.ensure_spec(spec).name or "").lower()
+    matches: list[Path] = []
+    if not want:
+        return matches
+    try:
+        entries = list(Path(package_dir).iterdir())
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        return matches
+    for d in entries:
+        if not d.is_dir():
+            continue  # pio's get_installed skips files and *.pio-link too
+        try:
+            meta = fs.load_json(str(d / ".piopm"))
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            continue  # no metadata means pio does not trust it either
+        except (OSError, ValueError):
+            if d.name.lower() == want:
+                # A corrupt .piopm under this spec's own name would crash
+                # pio's whole storage scan; remove it
+                matches.append(d)
+            continue
+        mspec = meta.get("spec") or {}
+        if (mspec.get("name") or meta.get("name") or "").lower() == want:
+            matches.append(d)
+    return matches
+
+
+def remove_dir(spec, dest: Path) -> None:
+    # fs.rmtree never raises (errors go to a printing onexc handler);
+    # only the destination's absence proves the cleanup worked
+    fs.rmtree(str(dest))
+    if dest.exists():
+        # Failing the build beats baking a corrupt image
+        raise CleanupError(
+            f"could not remove the failed pre-install of {spec} at {dest}"
+        )
+    print(f"Removed torn destination {dest}", flush=True)
+
+
+def cleanup_or_die(mgr, spec) -> None:
+    """Cleanup that did not demonstrably succeed must fail the build."""
+    try:
+        clean_torn(mgr, spec)
+    except CleanupError:
+        raise
+    except Exception as err:  # noqa: BLE001
+        raise CleanupError(f"cleanup failed for {spec}: {err!r}") from err
+
+
+def clean_torn(mgr, spec) -> None:
+    """Remove a torn destination so the serial pass cannot trust it."""
+    pkg = None
+    with suppress(Exception):
+        # get_package memoizes a pre-install snapshot; reset to see the
+        # torn dir. It also recognizes manifest-only legacy dirs pio's
+        # storage scan would trust, which the .piopm fallback cannot see.
+        mgr.memcache_reset()
+        pkg = mgr.get_package(spec)
+    if pkg is not None:
+        remove_dir(spec, Path(pkg.path))
+    elif dests := piopm_matches(mgr.package_dir, spec):
+        # A .piopm naming this spec is the exact shape the serial pass
+        # trusts; a dir without one is overwritten by pio's own install
+        for dest in dests:
+            remove_dir(spec, dest)
+    else:
+        print(f"No resolvable destination to clean for {spec}", flush=True)
+
+
+def spec_key(spec) -> str | None:
+    """The destination identity of a spec: PlatformIO installs by package
+    name, so two specs sharing a name share a directory. ``None`` means
+    the name could not be derived; such a spec must stay out of the wave
+    (a raw-string key would break the one-per-destination guarantee)."""
+    name = BasePackageManager.ensure_spec(spec).name
+    return name.lower() if name else None
+
+
+def dependency_specs(manager, specs: list) -> list:
+    """``(spec, compatibility)`` registry dependencies of installed
+    packages, from local manifest reads. Name-only dependencies
+    (platform-bundled libs like SPI) stay with the ``pkg install`` pass;
+    the compatibility qualifiers mirror pio's install_dependency, so a
+    qualified dep resolves to the same package the serial pass picks."""
+    return [
+        (manager.dependency_to_spec(dep), PackageCompatibility.from_dependency(dep))
+        for spec in specs
+        if (pkg := manager.get_package(spec)) is not None
+        for dep in manager.get_pkg_dependencies(pkg) or []
+        if dep.get("owner") or dep.get("version")
+    ]
+
+
+def parallel_install(manager_cls, specs: list, prior_names: set | None = None) -> None:
+    """Best-effort parallel top-level install.
+
+    PlatformIO's own installer downloads and unpacks one package at a time
+    on one core. Dependencies are skipped (two packages sharing one must
+    not extract into the same directory from two threads) and failures are
+    only reported: the stock ``pkg install`` pass afterwards installs
+    whatever is missing and is the authority on the final state.
+    """
+    if not specs:
+        return
+    manager = manager_cls(None)
+    # One spec per destination: two threads must not extract into the
+    # same directory. Second versions of a name and URL specs (their dir
+    # comes from the archive manifest) stay with the pkg install pass.
+    seen_names: set = prior_names if prior_names is not None else set()
+    # Wave-1 items are strings; dependency waves carry (spec, compatibility)
+    pairs = [item if isinstance(item, tuple) else (item, None) for item in specs]
+    unique = {}
+    for spec, compat in pairs:
+        # Normalize once: a dependency's URL version surfaces as spec.uri
+        parsed = BasePackageManager.ensure_spec(spec)
+        if parsed.uri:
+            continue
+        if (key := spec_key(parsed)) is None:
+            # No name, no destination identity; leave it to the serial pass
+            print(f"Skipping unresolvable spec {spec!r} in the wave", flush=True)
+            continue
+        unique.setdefault(key, (spec, compat))  # first-wins, like pio's walk
+    pending = [
+        (spec, compat)
+        for spec, compat in unique.values()
+        if not manager.get_package(spec)
+    ]
+    if not pending:
+        # Nothing to install, but a warm store's dependencies must still
+        # feed the next wave (a transitive dep may be missing)
+        _next_wave(manager_cls, manager, unique, seen_names)
+        return
+    workers = min(len(pending), MAX_WORKERS)
+    # One manager per worker (_install mutates instance state); built
+    # serially because construction rewires the shared manager logger
+    managers: queue.SimpleQueue = queue.SimpleQueue()
+    for _ in range(workers):
+        managers.put(manager_cls(None))
+    local = threading.local()
+
+    def install_one(item) -> bool:
+        spec, compat = item
+        if (mgr := getattr(local, "mgr", None)) is None:
+            mgr = local.mgr = managers.get_nowait()
+        try:
+            mgr._install(  # noqa: SLF001
+                spec, skip_dependencies=True, compatibility=compat
+            )
+            return True
+        except Exception as err:  # noqa: BLE001
+            print(f"Pre-install of {spec} failed ({err!r})", flush=True)
+            cleanup_or_die(mgr, spec)
+            return False
+        except BaseException:
+            # A worker SystemExit (main() guards against it) must not skip
+            # the cleanup and leave a torn dir the serial pass trusts
+            cleanup_or_die(mgr, spec)
+            raise
+
+    print(f"Preinstalling {len(pending)} package(s) with {workers} workers", flush=True)
+    # The serial getter calls create pio's lazy dirs (made without
+    # exist_ok) before cold-cache workers can race the creation
+    manager.get_download_dir()
+    manager.get_tmp_dir()
+    ContentCache("http")
+    cwd = Path.cwd()
+    manager.lock()
+    try:
+        with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=workers) as ex:
+            futures = [ex.submit(install_one, item) for item in pending]
+        # The with-block joined every future; drain them all so a
+        # concurrent CleanupError is never dropped
+        errors = [err for f in futures if (err := f.exception()) is not None]
+        for err in errors:
+            # Every failure is on the record; the raised one is a summary
+            print(f"Wave failure: {err!r}", flush=True)
+        if errors:
+            raise next((e for e in errors if isinstance(e, CleanupError)), errors[0])
+        results = [f.result() for f in futures]
+    finally:
+        try:
+            manager.unlock()
+        except Exception as unlock_err:  # noqa: BLE001
+            # A held flock would hang the serial pass in another process;
+            # failing loudly beats an unexplained stuck docker build. Any
+            # in-flight error stays attached as the context.
+            raise LockReleaseError(
+                f"could not release the manager lock: {unlock_err!r}"
+            ) from unlock_err
+        # Worker postinstall scripts chdir process-wide (pio's fs.cd);
+        # restore between waves. The serial pass pins its own cwd.
+        with suppress(OSError):
+            os.chdir(cwd)
+    if failures := len(results) - sum(results):
+        # The stock pass retries CLI specs and re-walks installed
+        # packages' dependencies, so failed deps retry too
+        print(
+            f"Pre-install failed for {failures} of {len(results)} package(s); "
+            "pkg install retries them serially",
+            flush=True,
+        )
+
+    # Waves skip dependencies (a shared one must not extract from two
+    # threads); the installed manifests feed the next wave
+    _next_wave(manager_cls, manager, unique, seen_names)
+
+
+def _next_wave(manager_cls, manager, unique: dict, seen_names: set) -> None:
+    """Queue the dependency wave for every requested spec, installed or
+    freshly waved; a warm store can still be missing a transitive dep.
+    Terminates without a cap: each wave admits only never-seen names."""
+    seen_names.update(unique)
+    # The pre-wave get_package calls memoized an empty storage snapshot
+    manager.memcache_reset()
+    next_specs = [
+        item
+        for item in dependency_specs(manager, [spec for spec, _ in unique.values()])
+        if spec_key(item[0]) not in seen_names
+    ]
+    if next_specs:
+        parallel_install(manager_cls, next_specs, seen_names)
+
+
+def build_cli_args(libs: list, platforms: list, tools: list) -> list:
+    return [
+        arg
+        for flag, specs in (("-l", libs), ("-p", platforms), ("-t", tools))
+        for spec in specs
+        for arg in (flag, spec)
+    ]
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="")
+    parser.add_argument("file", help="Path to platformio.ini", nargs=1)
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-l", "--libraries", help="Install libraries", action="store_true"
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-p", "--platforms", help="Install platforms", action="store_true"
+    )
+    parser.add_argument("-t", "--tools", help="Install tools", action="store_true")
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+    start_cwd = Path.cwd()
+    libs, platforms, tools = parse_specs(args.file[0], args)
+
+    # Platforms stay serial: PlatformPackageManager.install runs an
+    # on_installed hook the private _install path would skip
+    if PARALLEL_AVAILABLE:
+        wave_groups = [(ToolPackageManager, tools), (LibraryPackageManager, libs)]
+    else:  # pragma: no cover
+        wave_groups = []
+        print(
+            f"PlatformIO layout changed ({IMPORT_ERROR}); serial install only",
+            flush=True,
+        )
+    for manager_cls, specs in wave_groups:
+        try:
+            parallel_install(manager_cls, specs)
+        except (CleanupError, LockReleaseError, KeyboardInterrupt):
+            # A torn package or a held lock must fail the build
+            raise
+        except BaseException:  # noqa: BLE001
+            # BaseException: a worker postinstall's SystemExit must not
+            # skip the authoritative serial pass (partial deps, exit 0)
+            print("Parallel preinstall failed, falling back to serial", flush=True)
+            traceback.print_exc()
+
+    # Postinstall scripts chdir process-wide (pio's fs.cd captures its
+    # restore path at construction); pin the authoritative pass's cwd
+    subprocess.check_call(
+        ["platformio", "pkg", "install", "-g", *build_cli_args(libs, platforms, tools)],
+        close_fds=False,
+        cwd=start_cwd,
+    )
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/script/setup b/script/setup
index 5dfc0efe5d..b96af6e8f3 100755
--- a/script/setup
+++ b/script/setup
@@ -7,13 +7,19 @@ cd "$(dirname "$0")/.."
 if [ -n "$VIRTUAL_ENV" ]; then
   # A virtual environment is already active (e.g. the devcontainer's pre-provisioned
   # esphome-venv). Install into it rather than creating a ./venv in the workspace.
-  created_venv=false
+  venv_state=active
+elif [ -x venv/bin/python ]; then
+  # Reuse the environment from an earlier run, so this script can be run again
+  # at any time to pick up dependency changes.
+  venv_state=reused
+  source venv/bin/activate
 else
-  created_venv=true
+  venv_state=created
+  # --clear replaces a partial environment left behind by an interrupted run.
   if [ -x "$(command -v uv)" ]; then
-    uv venv --seed venv
+    uv venv --clear --seed venv
   else
-    python3 -m venv venv
+    python3 -m venv --clear venv
   fi
   source venv/bin/activate
 fi
@@ -25,20 +31,41 @@ fi
 uv pip install setuptools wheel
 uv pip install -e ".[dev,test]" --config-settings editable_mode=compat
 
-# --overwrite replaces any hook already in place. Without it, prek finds a
-# previously installed pre-commit hook, moves it aside to
-# .git/hooks/pre-commit.legacy and keeps calling it, so every commit would
-# run both tools.
-prek install --overwrite
+# A worktree shares one git hooks directory with the main checkout it was
+# created from, so hooks are installed from the main checkout only. Installing
+# from a worktree would point the shared hook at that worktree's virtual
+# environment, breaking it for everyone once the worktree is removed.
+git_dir="$(git rev-parse --absolute-git-dir 2>/dev/null || true)"
+common_dir="$(git rev-parse --path-format=absolute --git-common-dir 2>/dev/null || true)"
+if [ -n "$common_dir" ] && [ "$git_dir" = "$common_dir" ]; then
+  # --overwrite replaces any hook already in place. Without it, prek finds a
+  # previously installed pre-commit hook, moves it aside to
+  # .git/hooks/pre-commit.legacy and keeps calling it, so every commit would
+  # run both tools.
+  prek install --overwrite
+
+  # Prepares the virtual environment for new checkouts and worktrees. Installed
+  # once here, it covers every worktree created from this checkout.
+  if [ -d "$common_dir/hooks" ]; then
+    cp script/git-hooks/post-checkout "$common_dir/hooks/post-checkout"
+    chmod +x "$common_dir/hooks/post-checkout"
+  fi
+fi
 
 mkdir -p .temp
 
 echo
 echo
-if [ "$created_venv" = true ]; then
-  echo "Virtual environment created at ./venv. Run 'source venv/bin/activate' to use it."
-else
-  echo "Dependencies installed into the active virtual environment:"
-  echo "  $VIRTUAL_ENV"
-  echo "It is already active in this shell, so no 'source venv/bin/activate' is needed."
-fi
+case "$venv_state" in
+  created)
+    echo "Virtual environment created at ./venv. Run 'source venv/bin/activate' to use it."
+    ;;
+  reused)
+    echo "Dependencies updated in the existing ./venv. Run 'source venv/bin/activate' to use it."
+    ;;
+  active)
+    echo "Dependencies installed into the active virtual environment:"
+    echo "  $VIRTUAL_ENV"
+    echo "It is already active in this shell, so no 'source venv/bin/activate' is needed."
+    ;;
+esac
diff --git a/script/update_integration_test_durations.py b/script/update_integration_test_durations.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..bbb959c0b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/update_integration_test_durations.py
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""Merge CI junit output into tests/integration/integration_test_durations.json.
+
+The integration-tests CI job uploads one junit XML artifact per bucket on
+full matrix dev runs. Download a run's artifacts and merge the per file
+durations into the recording used by script/determine-jobs.py:
+
+    gh run download <run-id> --repo esphome/esphome -p "junit-integration-*" -D /tmp/junit
+    script/update_integration_test_durations.py /tmp/junit
+
+Missing files keep their previous recording and deleted files drop out; a
+run covering under 90% of the test files aborts unless --allow-partial.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
+from collections import defaultdict
+import json
+from pathlib import Path
+import sys
+import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
+
+from helpers import (
+    INTEGRATION_TEST_DURATIONS_FILE,
+    INTEGRATION_TESTS_PATH,
+    all_integration_test_files,
+    load_integration_durations,
+    root_path,
+)
+
+DURATIONS_FILE = Path(root_path) / INTEGRATION_TEST_DURATIONS_FILE
+MIN_COVERAGE = 0.9
+# Exit code for the expected "run covers too few files" refusal, so the
+# refresh workflow can move on to the next candidate run
+EXIT_LOW_COVERAGE = 3
+
+
+def collect_durations(junit_dir: Path, known_files: set[str]) -> dict[str, float]:
+    """Sum junit testcase times per integration test file, in seconds."""
+    durations: defaultdict[str, float] = defaultdict(float)
+    unmatched = 0
+    xml_files = sorted(junit_dir.rglob("*.xml"))
+    if not xml_files:
+        raise SystemExit(f"no junit XML files found under {junit_dir}")
+    for xml_file in xml_files:
+        for testcase in ET.parse(xml_file).getroot().iter("testcase"):
+            # Skipped/errored testcases carry time="0"; recording them would
+            # overwrite a good previous duration
+            if any(
+                testcase.find(tag) is not None
+                for tag in ("skipped", "error", "failure")
+            ):
+                continue
+            # classname is the dotted module plus any test class, e.g.
+            # tests.integration.test_x or tests.integration.test_x.TestFoo
+            parts = testcase.get("classname", "").split(".")
+            if parts[:2] != ["tests", "integration"] or len(parts) < 3:
+                unmatched += 1
+                continue
+            path = f"{INTEGRATION_TESTS_PATH}{parts[2]}.py"
+            if path not in known_files:
+                print(f"skipping unknown test module {path}", file=sys.stderr)
+                continue
+            durations[path] += float(testcase.get("time", "0"))
+    if unmatched:
+        # A junit naming change would otherwise shrink the recording silently
+        raise SystemExit(
+            f"{unmatched} testcases with unexpected classnames; the junit layout changed"
+        )
+    # An all-skipped file totals 0.0; let the merge keep its previous entry
+    return {k: v for k, v in durations.items() if v > 0}
+
+
+def main() -> int:
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__)
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "junit_dir", type=Path, help="directory containing downloaded junit XML files"
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--allow-partial",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="merge a run covering under 90%% of the test files",
+    )
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    on_disk = set(all_integration_test_files())
+    if not on_disk:
+        raise SystemExit("no integration test files found; wrong checkout root?")
+    collected = collect_durations(args.junit_dir, on_disk)
+    coverage = len(collected.keys() & on_disk) / len(on_disk)
+    if coverage < MIN_COVERAGE and not args.allow_partial:
+        print(
+            f"artifacts cover only {coverage:.0%} of {len(on_disk)} test files; "
+            "use a full matrix run or pass --allow-partial to merge anyway",
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
+        return EXIT_LOW_COVERAGE
+
+    # Validated load: a bad previous entry cannot survive the round trip, and
+    # an unreadable file aborts rather than being overwritten
+    previous = load_integration_durations()
+    if DURATIONS_FILE.is_file() and not previous:
+        raise SystemExit(f"{DURATIONS_FILE} is unreadable; refusing to overwrite it")
+    # New recordings win, absent files keep theirs, deleted files drop out
+    merged = {
+        path: collected.get(path, previous.get(path))
+        for path in sorted(on_disk)
+        if path in collected or path in previous
+    }
+    DURATIONS_FILE.write_text(
+        json.dumps({k: round(v, 2) for k, v in merged.items()}, indent=2) + "\n"
+    )
+    print(f"wrote {len(merged)} entries to {DURATIONS_FILE} ({coverage:.0%} fresh)")
+    return 0
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sys.exit(main())
diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/components/api/__init__.py b/tests/benchmarks/components/api/__init__.py
index 0d02e0b054..12c078911c 100644
--- a/tests/benchmarks/components/api/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/benchmarks/components/api/__init__.py
@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@ from tests.testing_helpers import ComponentManifestOverride
 
 
 def override_manifest(manifest: ComponentManifestOverride) -> None:
-    # api must run its to_code to define USE_API, USE_API_PLAINTEXT,
-    # and add the noise-c library dependency.
+    # api must run its to_code to define USE_API and USE_API_NOISE. The
+    # AUTO_LOADed noise component runs its own to_code via the override in
+    # tests/benchmarks/components/noise/__init__.py.
     manifest.enable_codegen()
 
     original_to_code = manifest.to_code
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@ def override_manifest(manifest: ComponentManifestOverride) -> None:
         # components have hardware dependencies (BLE/UART/RMT); lightweight
         # stub headers in tests/benchmarks/stubs/ satisfy the includes.
         cg.add_define("USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY")
+        cg.add_define("USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS")
         cg.add_define("BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS", 3)
         cg.add_define("BLUETOOTH_PROXY_ADVERTISEMENT_BATCH_SIZE", 16)
         cg.add_define("USE_ZWAVE_PROXY")
diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_list_entities.cpp b/tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_list_entities.cpp
index 02cef50d70..4c445c2bb6 100644
--- a/tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_list_entities.cpp
+++ b/tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_list_entities.cpp
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ static void Encode_ListEntitiesSensorResponse(benchmark::State &state) {
   auto msg = make_sensor_response();
   APIBuffer buffer;
   uint32_t size = msg.calculate_size();
-  buffer.resize(size);
+  (void) buffer.resize(size);
 
   for (auto _ : state) {
     for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ static void CalcAndEncode_ListEntitiesSensorResponse(benchmark::State &state) {
   for (auto _ : state) {
     for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
       uint32_t size = msg.calculate_size();
-      buffer.resize(size);
+      (void) buffer.resize(size);
       ProtoWriteBuffer writer(&buffer, 0);
       msg.encode(writer);
     }
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ static void Encode_ListEntitiesBinarySensorResponse(benchmark::State &state) {
   auto msg = make_binary_sensor_response();
   APIBuffer buffer;
   uint32_t size = msg.calculate_size();
-  buffer.resize(size);
+  (void) buffer.resize(size);
 
   for (auto _ : state) {
     for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ static void CalcAndEncode_ListEntitiesBinarySensorResponse(benchmark::State &sta
   for (auto _ : state) {
     for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
       uint32_t size = msg.calculate_size();
-      buffer.resize(size);
+      (void) buffer.resize(size);
       ProtoWriteBuffer writer(&buffer, 0);
       msg.encode(writer);
     }
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ static void Encode_ListEntitiesLightResponse(benchmark::State &state) {
   auto msg = make_light_response();
   APIBuffer buffer;
   uint32_t size = msg.calculate_size();
-  buffer.resize(size);
+  (void) buffer.resize(size);
 
   for (auto _ : state) {
     for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ static void CalcAndEncode_ListEntitiesLightResponse(benchmark::State &state) {
   for (auto _ : state) {
     for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
       uint32_t size = msg.calculate_size();
-      buffer.resize(size);
+      (void) buffer.resize(size);
       ProtoWriteBuffer writer(&buffer, 0);
       msg.encode(writer);
     }
diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_log_response.cpp b/tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_log_response.cpp
index 4ef57987be..f9060af65c 100644
--- a/tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_log_response.cpp
+++ b/tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_log_response.cpp
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ static void Encode_LogResponse_Typical(benchmark::State &state) {
   msg.level = enums::LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG;
   msg.set_message(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(kTypicalLogLine), strlen(kTypicalLogLine));
   uint32_t size = msg.calculate_size();
-  buffer.resize(size);
+  (void) buffer.resize(size);
 
   for (auto _ : state) {
     for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ static void Encode_LogResponse_Short(benchmark::State &state) {
   msg.level = enums::LOG_LEVEL_INFO;
   msg.set_message(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(kShortLogLine), strlen(kShortLogLine));
   uint32_t size = msg.calculate_size();
-  buffer.resize(size);
+  (void) buffer.resize(size);
 
   for (auto _ : state) {
     for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ static void CalcAndEncode_LogResponse_Typical(benchmark::State &state) {
   for (auto _ : state) {
     for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
       uint32_t size = msg.calculate_size();
-      buffer.resize(size);
+      (void) buffer.resize(size);
       ProtoWriteBuffer writer(&buffer, 0);
       msg.encode(writer);
     }
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ static void CalcAndEncode_LogResponse_Typical_Fresh(benchmark::State &state) {
     for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
       APIBuffer buffer;
       uint32_t size = msg.calculate_size();
-      buffer.resize(size);
+      (void) buffer.resize(size);
       ProtoWriteBuffer writer(&buffer, 0);
       msg.encode(writer);
       benchmark::DoNotOptimize(buffer.data());
diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_plaintext_frame.cpp b/tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_plaintext_frame.cpp
index 74c640a093..07b479290c 100644
--- a/tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_plaintext_frame.cpp
+++ b/tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_plaintext_frame.cpp
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ static void PlaintextFrame_WriteSensorState(benchmark::State &state) {
   // Pre-init buffer to typical TCP MSS size to avoid benchmarking
   // heap allocation — in real use the buffer is reused across writes.
   APIBuffer buffer;
-  buffer.reserve(1460);
+  (void) buffer.reserve(1460);
 
   for (auto _ : state) {
     for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ static void PlaintextFrame_WriteSensorState(benchmark::State &state) {
       msg.missing_state = false;
 
       uint32_t size = msg.calculate_size();
-      buffer.resize(padding + size);
+      (void) buffer.resize(padding + size);
       ProtoWriteBuffer writer(&buffer, padding);
       msg.encode(writer);
 
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ static void PlaintextFrame_WriteBatch5(benchmark::State &state) {
   // Pre-init buffer to typical TCP MSS size to avoid benchmarking
   // heap allocation — in real use the buffer is reused across writes.
   APIBuffer buffer;
-  buffer.reserve(1460);
+  (void) buffer.reserve(1460);
 
   for (auto _ : state) {
     for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ static void PlaintextFrame_WriteBatch5(benchmark::State &state) {
         msg.missing_state = false;
 
         uint32_t size = msg.calculate_size();
-        buffer.resize(offset + padding + size + footer);
+        (void) buffer.resize(offset + padding + size + footer);
         ProtoWriteBuffer writer(&buffer, offset + padding);
         msg.encode(writer);
 
diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_proto_decode.cpp b/tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_proto_decode.cpp
index 961c629f2a..0268e98035 100644
--- a/tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_proto_decode.cpp
+++ b/tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_proto_decode.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ static constexpr int kInnerIterations = 2000;
 template<typename T> static APIBuffer encode_message(const T &msg) {
   APIBuffer buffer;
   uint32_t size = msg.calculate_size();
-  buffer.resize(size);
+  (void) buffer.resize(size);
   ProtoWriteBuffer writer(&buffer, 0);
   msg.encode(writer);
   return buffer;
diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_proto_encode.cpp b/tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_proto_encode.cpp
index 1e2efcd281..e1383e8990 100644
--- a/tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_proto_encode.cpp
+++ b/tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_proto_encode.cpp
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ static void Encode_SensorStateResponse(benchmark::State &state) {
   msg.state = 23.5f;
   msg.missing_state = false;
   uint32_t size = msg.calculate_size();
-  buffer.resize(size);
+  (void) buffer.resize(size);
 
   for (auto _ : state) {
     for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ static void CalcAndEncode_SensorStateResponse(benchmark::State &state) {
   for (auto _ : state) {
     for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
       uint32_t size = msg.calculate_size();
-      buffer.resize(size);
+      (void) buffer.resize(size);
       ProtoWriteBuffer writer(&buffer, 0);
       msg.encode(writer);
     }
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ static void CalcAndEncode_SensorStateResponse_Fresh(benchmark::State &state) {
     for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
       APIBuffer buffer;
       uint32_t size = msg.calculate_size();
-      buffer.resize(size);
+      (void) buffer.resize(size);
       ProtoWriteBuffer writer(&buffer, 0);
       msg.encode(writer);
       benchmark::DoNotOptimize(buffer.data());
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ static void Encode_BinarySensorStateResponse(benchmark::State &state) {
   msg.state = true;
   msg.missing_state = false;
   uint32_t size = msg.calculate_size();
-  buffer.resize(size);
+  (void) buffer.resize(size);
 
   for (auto _ : state) {
     for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ static void Encode_HelloResponse(benchmark::State &state) {
   msg.server_info = StringRef::from_lit("esphome v2026.3.0");
   msg.name = StringRef::from_lit("living-room-sensor");
   uint32_t size = msg.calculate_size();
-  buffer.resize(size);
+  (void) buffer.resize(size);
 
   for (auto _ : state) {
     for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ static void Encode_LightStateResponse(benchmark::State &state) {
   msg.warm_white = 0.0f;
   msg.effect = StringRef::from_lit("rainbow");
   uint32_t size = msg.calculate_size();
-  buffer.resize(size);
+  (void) buffer.resize(size);
 
   for (auto _ : state) {
     for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ static void Encode_DeviceInfoResponse(benchmark::State &state) {
   auto msg = make_device_info_response();
   APIBuffer buffer;
   uint32_t total_size = msg.calculate_size();
-  buffer.resize(total_size);
+  (void) buffer.resize(total_size);
 
   for (auto _ : state) {
     for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ static void CalcAndEncode_DeviceInfoResponse(benchmark::State &state) {
   for (auto _ : state) {
     for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
       uint32_t size = msg.calculate_size();
-      buffer.resize(size);
+      (void) buffer.resize(size);
       ProtoWriteBuffer writer(&buffer, 0);
       msg.encode(writer);
     }
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ static void CalcAndEncode_DeviceInfoResponse_Fresh(benchmark::State &state) {
     for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
       APIBuffer buffer;
       uint32_t size = msg.calculate_size();
-      buffer.resize(size);
+      (void) buffer.resize(size);
       ProtoWriteBuffer writer(&buffer, 0);
       msg.encode(writer);
       benchmark::DoNotOptimize(buffer.data());
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ static void Encode_BLERawAdvs12(benchmark::State &state) {
   auto msg = make_ble_raw_advs_12();
   APIBuffer buffer;
   uint32_t total_size = msg.calculate_size();
-  buffer.resize(total_size);
+  (void) buffer.resize(total_size);
 
   for (auto _ : state) {
     for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ static void CalcAndEncode_BLERawAdvs12(benchmark::State &state) {
   for (auto _ : state) {
     for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
       uint32_t size = msg.calculate_size();
-      buffer.resize(size);
+      (void) buffer.resize(size);
       ProtoWriteBuffer writer(&buffer, 0);
       msg.encode(writer);
     }
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ static void CalcAndEncode_BLERawAdvs12_Fresh(benchmark::State &state) {
     for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
       APIBuffer buffer;
       uint32_t size = msg.calculate_size();
-      buffer.resize(size);
+      (void) buffer.resize(size);
       ProtoWriteBuffer writer(&buffer, 0);
       msg.encode(writer);
       benchmark::DoNotOptimize(buffer.data());
diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_proto_proxy.cpp b/tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_proto_proxy.cpp
index fa3191a969..05bbcc73dd 100644
--- a/tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_proto_proxy.cpp
+++ b/tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_proto_proxy.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ static constexpr int kInnerIterations = 2000;
 // Encodes `src` into `out`. Caller owns `out` and must keep it alive across
 // the decode loop (decoded messages may store pointers back into its bytes).
 template<typename T> static void encode_into(APIBuffer &out, const T &src) {
-  out.resize(src.calculate_size());
+  (void) out.resize(src.calculate_size());
   ProtoWriteBuffer writer(&out, 0);
   src.encode(writer);
 }
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ static void Encode_ZWaveProxyFrame(benchmark::State &state) {
   msg.data = kZWaveFrameData;
   msg.data_len = sizeof(kZWaveFrameData);
   APIBuffer buffer;
-  buffer.resize(msg.calculate_size());
+  (void) buffer.resize(msg.calculate_size());
 
   for (auto _ : state) {
     for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ static void Encode_SerialProxyDataReceived(benchmark::State &state) {
   msg.instance = 0;
   msg.set_data(kSerialPayload, kSerialPayloadSize);
   APIBuffer buffer;
-  buffer.resize(msg.calculate_size());
+  (void) buffer.resize(msg.calculate_size());
 
   for (auto _ : state) {
     for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ static void Encode_InfraredRFReceiveEvent(benchmark::State &state) {
   msg.key = 0xDEADBEEF;
   msg.timings = &get_ir_timings_100();
   APIBuffer buffer;
-  buffer.resize(msg.calculate_size());
+  (void) buffer.resize(msg.calculate_size());
 
   for (auto _ : state) {
     for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ static APIBuffer build_infrared_rf_transmit_wire() {
   put_varint(1);
 
   APIBuffer buf;
-  buf.resize(len);
+  (void) buf.resize(len);
   std::memcpy(buf.data(), bytes, len);
   return buf;
 }
diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_proto_varint.cpp b/tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_proto_varint.cpp
index 0b5ccc2b7d..ea7fd99aa5 100644
--- a/tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_proto_varint.cpp
+++ b/tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_proto_varint.cpp
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ BENCHMARK(ProtoVarInt_Parse_FiveByte);
 
 static void Encode_Varint_Small(benchmark::State &state) {
   APIBuffer buffer;
-  buffer.resize(16);
+  (void) buffer.resize(16);
 
   for (auto _ : state) {
     for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ BENCHMARK(Encode_Varint_Small);
 
 static void Encode_Varint_Large(benchmark::State &state) {
   APIBuffer buffer;
-  buffer.resize(16);
+  (void) buffer.resize(16);
 
   for (auto _ : state) {
     for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ BENCHMARK(Encode_Varint_Large);
 
 static void Encode_Varint_MaxUint32(benchmark::State &state) {
   APIBuffer buffer;
-  buffer.resize(16);
+  (void) buffer.resize(16);
 
   for (auto _ : state) {
     for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/components/noise/__init__.py b/tests/benchmarks/components/noise/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f430e9dd36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/benchmarks/components/noise/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+from tests.testing_helpers import ComponentManifestOverride
+
+
+def override_manifest(manifest: ComponentManifestOverride) -> None:
+    # to_code must run: it defines USE_NOISE and adds the noise-c library
+    # the api benchmark sources need.
+    manifest.enable_codegen()
diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/components/time/__init__.py b/tests/benchmarks/components/time/__init__.py
index 7f68003e29..8b4fd955f2 100644
--- a/tests/benchmarks/components/time/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/benchmarks/components/time/__init__.py
@@ -4,6 +4,6 @@ from tests.testing_helpers import ComponentManifestOverride
 
 def override_manifest(manifest: ComponentManifestOverride) -> None:
     async def to_code(config):
-        cg.add_build_flag("-DUSE_TIME_TIMEZONE")
+        cg.add_define("USE_TIME_TIMEZONE")
 
     manifest.to_code = to_code
diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/core/bench_helpers.cpp b/tests/benchmarks/core/bench_helpers.cpp
index 1ce9101ff6..4a1f3c5bcc 100644
--- a/tests/benchmarks/core/bench_helpers.cpp
+++ b/tests/benchmarks/core/bench_helpers.cpp
@@ -363,4 +363,47 @@ static void Snprintf_Uint32_Large(benchmark::State &state) {
 }
 BENCHMARK(Snprintf_Uint32_Large);
 
+// --- step_to_accuracy_decimals() ---
+// Called from climate traits and web_server for every number/climate step.
+
+static void StepToAccuracyDecimals_Tenth(benchmark::State &state) {
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    int result = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      result += step_to_accuracy_decimals(0.1f);
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(result);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(StepToAccuracyDecimals_Tenth);
+
+static void StepToAccuracyDecimals_Whole(benchmark::State &state) {
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    int result = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      result += step_to_accuracy_decimals(1.0f);
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(result);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(StepToAccuracyDecimals_Whole);
+
+static void StepToAccuracyDecimals_Mixed(benchmark::State &state) {
+  static constexpr float steps[] = {
+      0.001f, 0.01f, 0.05f, 0.1f, 0.25f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 2.5f, 5.0f, 10.0f,
+  };
+  static constexpr int num_steps = sizeof(steps) / sizeof(steps[0]);
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    int result = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      result += step_to_accuracy_decimals(steps[i % num_steps]);
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(result);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(StepToAccuracyDecimals_Mixed);
+
 }  // namespace esphome::benchmarks
diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/python/test_compiled_config_bench.py b/tests/benchmarks/python/test_compiled_config_bench.py
index 5c8892f8d0..4d7821f704 100644
--- a/tests/benchmarks/python/test_compiled_config_bench.py
+++ b/tests/benchmarks/python/test_compiled_config_bench.py
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ def _prime_cache(yaml_path: Path) -> None:
 
     Mirrors ``esphome compile``: ``read_config`` populates ``CORE.config``,
     then ``update_storage_json`` writes both the StorageJSON sidecar and
-    the ``.validated.yaml`` compiled-config cache.
+    the ``.validated.json`` compiled-config cache.
     """
     CORE.config_path = yaml_path
     config = read_config({}, skip_external_update=True)
diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/stubs/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.h b/tests/benchmarks/stubs/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.h
index d8b068fb36..6fc20f3350 100644
--- a/tests/benchmarks/stubs/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.h
+++ b/tests/benchmarks/stubs/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.h
@@ -13,17 +13,18 @@ namespace api {
 class APIConnection;
 }  // namespace api
 
-namespace uart {
-enum class UARTFlushResult : uint8_t {
-  UART_FLUSH_RESULT_SUCCESS,
-  UART_FLUSH_RESULT_ASSUMED_SUCCESS,
-  UART_FLUSH_RESULT_TIMEOUT,
-  UART_FLUSH_RESULT_FAILED,
-};
-}  // namespace uart
-
 namespace serial_proxy {
 
+enum class SerialProxyResult : uint8_t {
+  SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_OK,
+  SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_ASSUMED_SUCCESS,
+  SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_PORT_IN_USE,
+  SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+  SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_ERROR,
+  SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_TIMEOUT,
+  SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_NOT_SUPPORTED,
+};
+
 class SerialProxy {
  public:
   void set_instance_index(uint32_t index) { this->instance_index_ = index; }
@@ -31,13 +32,20 @@ class SerialProxy {
   const char *get_name() const { return ""; }
   api::enums::SerialProxyPortType get_port_type() const { return {}; }
   api::APIConnection *get_api_connection() { return nullptr; }
-  void serial_proxy_request(api::APIConnection *conn, api::enums::SerialProxyRequestType type) {}
-  void configure(api::APIConnection *api_connection, uint32_t baudrate, bool flow_control, uint8_t parity,
-                 uint32_t stop_bits, uint32_t data_size) {}
+  SerialProxyResult serial_proxy_request(api::APIConnection *conn, api::enums::SerialProxyRequestType type) {
+    return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_OK;
+  }
+  SerialProxyResult configure(api::APIConnection *api_connection, uint32_t baudrate, bool flow_control, uint8_t parity,
+                              uint8_t stop_bits, uint8_t data_size) {
+    return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_OK;
+  }
   void write_from_client(api::APIConnection *api_connection, const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {}
-  void set_modem_pins(api::APIConnection *api_connection, uint32_t line_states) {}
+  SerialProxyResult set_modem_pins(api::APIConnection *api_connection, uint32_t line_states) {
+    return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_OK;
+  }
   uint32_t get_modem_pins() const { return 0; }
-  uart::UARTFlushResult flush_port() { return uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_SUCCESS; }
+  uint32_t get_configured_modem_pins() const { return 0; }
+  SerialProxyResult flush_port(api::APIConnection *api_connection) { return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_OK; }
 
  protected:
   uint32_t instance_index_{0};
diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/stubs/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.h b/tests/benchmarks/stubs/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.h
index b4ccd8fd00..3abbf7d257 100644
--- a/tests/benchmarks/stubs/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.h
+++ b/tests/benchmarks/stubs/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.h
@@ -15,7 +15,9 @@ namespace zwave_proxy {
 class ZWaveProxy {
  public:
   api::APIConnection *get_api_connection() { return nullptr; }
-  void zwave_proxy_request(api::APIConnection *conn, api::enums::ZWaveProxyRequestType type) {}
+  api::enums::ZWaveProxyStatus zwave_proxy_request(api::APIConnection *conn, api::enums::ZWaveProxyRequestType type) {
+    return api::enums::ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_OK;
+  }
   void send_frame(api::APIConnection *api_connection, const uint8_t *data, size_t length) {}
   void api_connection_authenticated(api::APIConnection *conn) {}
   uint32_t get_feature_flags() const { return 0; }
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/adc/test_adc_sensor.py b/tests/component_tests/adc/test_adc_sensor.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a6d86f0305
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/adc/test_adc_sensor.py
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+"""Tests for the ADC sensor component."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+
+def test_adc_temperature_pin_is_deprecated(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """`pin: TEMPERATURE` still works, but warns and points at internal_temperature."""
+    main_cpp = generate_main("tests/component_tests/adc/test_adc_sensor.yaml")
+
+    assert "adc_temperature->set_is_temperature();" in main_cpp
+    assert "`pin: TEMPERATURE` is deprecated" in caplog.text
+    assert "internal_temperature" in caplog.text
+    assert "2027.2.0" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_adc_regular_pin_is_not_deprecated(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A normal ADC pin does not emit the temperature deprecation warning."""
+    main_cpp = generate_main("tests/component_tests/adc/test_adc_sensor.yaml")
+
+    assert "adc_voltage->set_is_temperature();" not in main_cpp
+    assert caplog.text.count("`pin: TEMPERATURE` is deprecated") == 1
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/adc/test_adc_sensor.yaml b/tests/component_tests/adc/test_adc_sensor.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9455fef21b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/adc/test_adc_sensor.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+rp2:
+  board: rpipicow
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: adc
+    pin: TEMPERATURE
+    name: Deprecated ADC Temperature
+    id: adc_temperature
+
+  - platform: adc
+    pin: 26
+    name: ADC Voltage
+    id: adc_voltage
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/api/test_action_metadata.py b/tests/component_tests/api/test_action_metadata.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..adbfdf306e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/api/test_action_metadata.py
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+"""Tests for user-defined action field metadata (description / example)."""
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.components.api import (
+    _action_strings,
+    _action_strings_size,
+    _has_action_metadata,
+    _validate_esp8266_action_strings,
+    validate_variable,
+)
+from esphome.config_validation import Invalid
+from esphome.const import PlatformFramework
+from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.cpp_generator import safe_exp
+from esphome.helpers import fnv1_hash
+from tests.component_tests.helpers import get_define_value
+from tests.component_tests.types import SetCoreConfigCallable
+
+CONFIG = "tests/component_tests/api/test_action_metadata.yaml"
+CONFIG_ESP8266 = "tests/component_tests/api/test_action_metadata_esp8266.yaml"
+CONFIG_SHORTHAND = "tests/component_tests/api/test_action_metadata_shorthand.yaml"
+
+
+def test_metadata_is_emitted_as_progmem_table(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+) -> None:
+    """Every action string is a PROGMEM array referenced from one PROGMEM table."""
+    main_cpp = generate_main(CONFIG)
+
+    assert (
+        'static constexpr char api_action_str0[] PROGMEM = "play_buzzer";' in main_cpp
+    )
+    assert (
+        'static constexpr char api_action_str1[] PROGMEM = "Play an RTTTL melody on the buzzer";'
+        in main_cpp
+    )
+    assert (
+        'static constexpr char api_action_str4[] PROGMEM = "two_short:d=4,o=5,b=100:16e6,16e6";'
+        in main_cpp
+    )
+    assert (
+        "static constexpr const char * api_action0_strings[] PROGMEM = {"
+        "api_action_str0, api_action_str1, api_action_str2, api_action_str3, "
+        "api_action_str4, api_action_str5, nullptr, nullptr};" in main_cpp
+    )
+    # An action without metadata still carries the metadata slots (as nullptr)
+    assert (
+        "static constexpr const char * api_action1_strings[] PROGMEM = {"
+        "api_action_str6, nullptr, api_action_str7, nullptr, nullptr};" in main_cpp
+    )
+    assert f"(api_action0_strings, {safe_exp(fnv1_hash('play_buzzer'))});" in main_cpp
+    assert "USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA" in {d.name for d in CORE.defines}
+    assert get_define_value("API_USER_ACTION_STRINGS_SCRATCH_SIZE") is None
+
+
+def test_esp8266_sizes_scratch_buffer_for_largest_action(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+) -> None:
+    """ESP8266 gets a scratch buffer define equal to the byte total of the largest action."""
+    generate_main(CONFIG_ESP8266)
+
+    # play_buzzer: name, description, two variable names, one description, one example,
+    # each with a terminator
+    assert get_define_value("API_USER_ACTION_STRINGS_SCRATCH_SIZE") == "117"
+
+
+def test_shorthand_variables_emit_no_metadata(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+) -> None:
+    """The name: type shorthand emits a name-only table and no define."""
+    main_cpp = generate_main(CONFIG_SHORTHAND)
+
+    assert (
+        "static constexpr const char * api_action0_strings[] PROGMEM = "
+        "{api_action_str0, api_action_str1};" in main_cpp
+    )
+    assert "USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA" not in {d.name for d in CORE.defines}
+
+
+def test_variable_shorthand_normalizes_to_mapping() -> None:
+    """A bare type string validates to the mapping form."""
+    assert validate_variable("string") == {"type": "string"}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "value",
+    [
+        {"description": "no type given"},
+        {"type": "string", "selector": "text"},
+        "stringy",
+        {"type": "stringy"},
+    ],
+)
+def test_variable_rejects_invalid(value: object) -> None:
+    """Missing or unknown type and unknown keys raise in both forms."""
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid):
+        validate_variable(value)
+
+
+def _oversized_action_config() -> dict:
+    return {
+        "actions": [
+            {
+                "action": "big",
+                "description": "x" * 300,
+                "variables": {"a": {"type": "string", "example": "y" * 300}},
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+
+
+def test_esp8266_rejects_actions_over_string_budget(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP8266_ARDUINO)
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="ESP8266 allows at most 384 bytes"):
+        _validate_esp8266_action_strings(_oversized_action_config())
+
+
+def test_other_platforms_have_no_string_budget(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF)
+    config = _oversized_action_config()
+    assert _validate_esp8266_action_strings(config) is config
+
+
+def test_empty_metadata_is_unset_and_not_counted() -> None:
+    """An empty description or example emits nullptr and takes no scratch space."""
+    conf = {
+        "action": "a",
+        "description": "",
+        "variables": {"b": {"type": "int", "description": "", "example": "ex"}},
+    }
+    strings = _action_strings(conf, has_metadata=True)
+    assert strings == ["a", None, "b", None, "ex"]
+    # Every emitted string counts its terminator: "a" + "b" + "ex"
+    assert _action_strings_size(strings) == 2 + 2 + 3
+
+
+def test_empty_metadata_does_not_enable_the_define() -> None:
+    actions = [
+        {
+            "action": "a",
+            "description": "",
+            "variables": {"b": {"type": "int", "example": ""}},
+        }
+    ]
+    assert not _has_action_metadata(actions)
+    actions[0]["variables"]["b"]["example"] = "1"
+    assert _has_action_metadata(actions)
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/api/test_action_metadata.yaml b/tests/component_tests/api/test_action_metadata.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c998713874
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/api/test_action_metadata.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+logger:
+
+packages:
+  api: !include test_action_metadata_common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/api/test_action_metadata_common.yaml b/tests/component_tests/api/test_action_metadata_common.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bd161efe63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/api/test_action_metadata_common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+api:
+  actions:
+    - action: play_buzzer
+      description: Play an RTTTL melody on the buzzer
+      variables:
+        song_str:
+          type: string
+          description: RTTTL melody string
+          example: "two_short:d=4,o=5,b=100:16e6,16e6"
+        volume:
+          type: int
+      then:
+        - logger.log: Action Called
+    - action: plain_action
+      variables:
+        value: int
+      then:
+        - logger.log: Action Called
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/api/test_action_metadata_esp8266.yaml b/tests/component_tests/api/test_action_metadata_esp8266.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..94a5839b28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/api/test_action_metadata_esp8266.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp8266:
+  board: d1_mini
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+logger:
+
+packages:
+  api: !include test_action_metadata_common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/api/test_action_metadata_shorthand.yaml b/tests/component_tests/api/test_action_metadata_shorthand.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aa2e1ab424
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/api/test_action_metadata_shorthand.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+logger:
+
+api:
+  actions:
+    - action: plain_action
+      variables:
+        value: int
+      then:
+        - logger.log: Action Called
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/api/test_homeassistant_action.py b/tests/component_tests/api/test_homeassistant_action.py
index 611353e7c5..6ee5ac3412 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/api/test_homeassistant_action.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/api/test_homeassistant_action.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ def test_synchronous_chain_keeps_zero_copy_args(generate_main):
 
     assert (
         "api::UserServiceTrigger<api::enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_NONE, StringRef>"
-        '("zero_copy_args", {"message"})' in main_cpp
+        "(api_action0_strings," in main_cpp
     )
 
 
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ def test_response_callback_args_are_owning(generate_main):
 
     assert (
         "api::UserServiceTrigger<api::enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_NONE, std::string>"
-        '("response_args", {"message"})' in main_cpp
+        "(api_action1_strings," in main_cpp
     )
     assert "api::HomeAssistantServiceCallAction<std::string>" in main_cpp
     assert "api::HomeAssistantServiceCallAction<StringRef>" not in main_cpp
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/api/test_homeassistant_variables.py b/tests/component_tests/api/test_homeassistant_variables.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..48e53d8f4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/api/test_homeassistant_variables.py
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+"""Tests for variables handling in homeassistant.event and homeassistant.action."""
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+import logging
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+CONFIG = "tests/component_tests/api/test_homeassistant_variables.yaml"
+
+
+def test_plain_string_with_return_is_compiled_as_lambda_with_warning(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A plain string with a return statement compiles as a lambda and warns."""
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        main_cpp = generate_main(CONFIG)
+
+    assert main_cpp.count('add_variable(ESPHOME_F("lambda_var"), []() {') == 2
+    assert "return millis();" in main_cpp
+    # The source text must not be sent as a static string value.
+    assert '"return millis();"' not in main_cpp
+    assert "missing the !lambda tag" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_static_string_is_kept_as_static_value(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A static string stays static, PROGMEM wrapped, with no warning."""
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        main_cpp = generate_main(CONFIG)
+
+    assert (
+        main_cpp.count(
+            'add_variable(ESPHOME_F("static_var"), ESPHOME_F("static value"));'
+        )
+        == 2
+    )
+    assert "static value" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_static_id_value_stays_literal_with_hint(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """Lambda source without a return stays literal text but warns."""
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        main_cpp = generate_main(CONFIG)
+
+    assert 'ESPHOME_F("id(test_sensor).state")' in main_cpp
+    assert "sent as literal text" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_explicit_lambda_tag_is_compiled_as_lambda(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+) -> None:
+    """A !lambda value keeps working unchanged."""
+    main_cpp = generate_main(CONFIG)
+
+    assert 'add_variable(ESPHOME_F("tagged_var"), []() {' in main_cpp
+    assert "return App.get_name();" in main_cpp
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/api/test_homeassistant_variables.yaml b/tests/component_tests/api/test_homeassistant_variables.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e1ec07cc74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/api/test_homeassistant_variables.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+  on_boot:
+    then:
+      # Plain strings with a return statement compile as lambdas
+      - homeassistant.event:
+          event: esphome.test_event
+          data_template:
+            message: "{{ lambda_var }} {{ static_var }} {{ tagged_var }}"
+          variables:
+            lambda_var: |-
+              return millis();
+            static_var: static value
+            tagged_var: !lambda return App.get_name();
+            hint_var: id(test_sensor).state
+      - homeassistant.action:
+          action: notify.notify
+          data_template:
+            message: "{{ lambda_var }} {{ static_var }}"
+          variables:
+            lambda_var: |-
+              return millis();
+            static_var: static value
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: SomeNetwork
+  password: SomePassword
+
+api:
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble/config/test_bk7231n.yaml b/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble/config/test_bk7231n.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..772ab93c79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble/config/test_bk7231n.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+esphome:
+  name: bk-family-gate-n
+
+bk72xx:
+  board: cb2s
+
+bk72xx_ble:
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble/config/test_bk7231q.yaml b/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble/config/test_bk7231q.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17fd15b1b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble/config/test_bk7231q.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+esphome:
+  name: bk-family-gate-q
+
+bk72xx:
+  board: wa2
+
+bk72xx_ble:
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble/config/test_bk7231t.yaml b/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble/config/test_bk7231t.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fec21a6aae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble/config/test_bk7231t.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+esphome:
+  name: bk-family-gate-t
+
+bk72xx:
+  board: generic-bk7231t-qfn32-tuya
+
+bk72xx_ble:
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble/config/test_bk7238.yaml b/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble/config/test_bk7238.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0880cf69f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble/config/test_bk7238.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+esphome:
+  name: bk-family-gate-7238
+
+bk72xx:
+  board: generic-bk7238
+
+bk72xx_ble:
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble/config/test_bk7252.yaml b/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble/config/test_bk7252.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a3290ab50a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble/config/test_bk7252.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+esphome:
+  name: bk-family-gate-7252
+
+bk72xx:
+  board: generic-bk7252
+
+bk72xx_ble:
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble/test_family_gate.py b/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble/test_family_gate.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..86f3ef0039
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble/test_family_gate.py
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+"""The non-5.x family rejection lives in to_code (config validation must stay
+family-agnostic for the validate-only CI fixtures), so codegen is the only
+place it can be pinned."""
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("config_file", "match"),
+    [
+        ("test_bk7231t.yaml", "BK7231T.*BLE 4.2"),
+        ("test_bk7252.yaml", "BK7251.*BLE 4.2"),
+        ("test_bk7231q.yaml", "BK7231Q.*no BLE"),
+        ("test_bk7238.yaml", "BK7238.*bootloader"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_unsupported_family_rejected(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+    config_file: str,
+    match: str,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match=match):
+        generate_main(component_config_path(config_file))
+    # Validation itself must not fail (CI validate fixtures run on a BLE 4.2
+    # board), but it warns before codegen raises.
+    assert "cannot compile" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_ble5_family_generates(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    main_cpp = generate_main(component_config_path("test_bk7231n.yaml"))
+    assert "bk72xx_ble::BK72xxBLE" in main_cpp
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble_tracker/config/test_automations.yaml b/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble_tracker/config/test_automations.yaml
index 994855b782..123d4296db 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble_tracker/config/test_automations.yaml
+++ b/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble_tracker/config/test_automations.yaml
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ bk72xx:
 bk72xx_ble_tracker:
   scan_parameters:
     continuous: false
+    active: false
   on_ble_advertise:
     - mac_address:
         - AC:37:43:77:5F:4C
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble_tracker/test_automations_codegen.py b/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble_tracker/test_automations_codegen.py
index 3a03f98adf..777ae76b4f 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble_tracker/test_automations_codegen.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble_tracker/test_automations_codegen.py
@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ def test_trigger_codegen(
     # scan_parameters continuous: false reaches the YAML-mode setter, not the
     # runtime override.
     assert "->set_configured_continuous(false)" in main_cpp
+    # active: false (non-default) flows through to the setter.
+    assert "->set_scan_active(false)" in main_cpp
     # Constructor call, not just the declaration: the parent argument is what
     # registers the trigger as a listener.
     assert re.search(
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/config/bk72xx_controller_only.yaml b/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/config/bk72xx_controller_only.yaml
index 4d4dab0198..7912fceed6 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/config/bk72xx_controller_only.yaml
+++ b/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/config/bk72xx_controller_only.yaml
@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ esphome:
   name: slotcount-controller
 
 bk72xx:
-  board: generic-bk7252
+  board: cb2s
 
 bk72xx_ble:
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/config/bk72xx_tracker.yaml b/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/config/bk72xx_tracker.yaml
index 79e9644006..b813e2702e 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/config/bk72xx_tracker.yaml
+++ b/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/config/bk72xx_tracker.yaml
@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ esphome:
   name: slotcount-tracker
 
 bk72xx:
-  board: generic-bk7252
+  board: cb2s
 
 bk72xx_ble_tracker:
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/config/ln882h_tracker.yaml b/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/config/ln882h_tracker.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..891d65ecf6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/config/ln882h_tracker.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+esphome:
+  name: slotcount-ln882h-tracker
+
+ln882x:
+  board: generic-ln882h
+
+ln882h_ble_tracker:
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/test_hub_binding.py b/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/test_hub_binding.py
index 3dc71daf58..59aecc461b 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/test_hub_binding.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/test_hub_binding.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 """Tests for the BLE hub provider registry and the missing-hub diagnostics."""
 
-from collections.abc import Generator
+from collections.abc import Callable, Generator
 from importlib import import_module
 from pathlib import Path
 
@@ -202,3 +202,30 @@ def test_add_service_uuid_dispatches_by_width(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -
     assert "0x00,0xff,0xee,0xdd" in emitted[2]
     with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Unsupported UUID format"):
         ble_device_base.add_service_uuid(var, "123")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("config_name", "define"),
+    [
+        ("esp32_tracker_only.yaml", "USE_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER"),
+        ("rp2_tracker.yaml", "USE_RP2_BLE_TRACKER"),
+        ("bk72xx_tracker.yaml", "USE_BK72XX_BLE_TRACKER"),
+        ("ln882h_tracker.yaml", "USE_LN882H_BLE_TRACKER"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_every_tracker_emits_its_alias_define(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+    config_name: str,
+    define: str,
+) -> None:
+    """Each tracker's codegen must emit its USE_*_BLE_TRACKER define - the
+    ble_hub_impl.h alias ladder selects on it. Checked through real codegen
+    (the other two legs of the invariant, the ladder arm and the defines.h
+    mirror, are compile-enforced: a missing arm fails any build containing a
+    BLEHub consumer - today bluetooth_proxy, which CI compiles or tidy-parses
+    on every tracker platform - and clang-tidy compiles each arm's
+    static_assert)."""
+    generate_main(component_config_path(config_name))
+
+    assert define in {d.name for d in CORE.defines}, f"{define} not emitted by codegen"
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/test_scan_parameter_validation.py b/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/test_scan_parameter_validation.py
index bd41a9476a..3774d990d3 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/test_scan_parameter_validation.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/test_scan_parameter_validation.py
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ from esphome.components.ln882h_ble_tracker import (
 from esphome.components.rp2_ble_tracker import SCAN_PARAMETERS_SCHEMA as RP2_SCHEMA
 
 
-def _validate(**kwargs: str) -> dict:
-    """Run a scan_parameters config through a passive tracker's real schema."""
+def _validate(**kwargs: str | bool) -> dict:
+    """Run a scan_parameters config through the bk72xx tracker's real schema."""
     return BK72XX_SCHEMA(kwargs)
 
 
@@ -48,15 +48,21 @@ def test_to_ble_units_truncates() -> None:
 
 
 def test_bk72xx_defaults_are_valid() -> None:
-    """bk72xx pins the BK reference rate: 100 ms interval, shared 30 ms window."""
+    """bk72xx pins the BK reference rate — 100 ms interval, shared 30 ms window —
+    and exposes active (default on, like every active-capable tracker)."""
     config = _validate()
     assert to_ble_units(config["interval"]) == 160
     assert to_ble_units(config["window"]) == 48
-    assert "active" not in config
+    assert config["active"] is True
 
 
 def test_esp32_defaults_are_valid() -> None:
-    """esp32 pins the ESP-IDF reference rate and exposes active (default on)."""
+    """esp32 pins the ESP-IDF reference rate and exposes active (default on).
+
+    Without wifi loaded, the conditional window default falls back to the
+    historical 30 ms; the wifi-aware resolution is covered by the
+    esp32_ble_tracker component tests.
+    """
     config = ESP32_SCHEMA({})
     assert to_ble_units(config["interval"]) == 512
     assert to_ble_units(config["window"]) == 48
@@ -86,10 +92,9 @@ def test_esp32_active_can_disable() -> None:
     assert config["active"] is False
 
 
-def test_passive_schema_rejects_active_key() -> None:
-    """Trackers without active scan support must not silently accept the option."""
-    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid):
-        _validate(active="true")
+def test_bk72xx_active_can_disable() -> None:
+    config = _validate(active=False)
+    assert config["active"] is False
 
 
 # --- accepted configurations ---
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/test_slot_counter.py b/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/test_slot_counter.py
index 0fa5577a0b..86ee53fe8a 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/test_slot_counter.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/test_slot_counter.py
@@ -94,28 +94,23 @@ def test_esp32_tracker_handler_counts(
     assert get_define_value("ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_GATTC_EVENT_HANDLER_COUNT") == "1"
     assert get_define_value("ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_BLE_STATUS_EVENT_HANDLER_COUNT") == "1"
     assert get_define_value("ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_GATTS_EVENT_HANDLER_COUNT") is None
-    # No consumer subscribed to scanner state, so the storage compiles out.
-    assert (
-        get_define_value("ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_SCANNER_STATE_LISTENER_COUNT")
-        is None
-    )
+    # No advertisement listener or client is registered, so both storages compile out.
     assert get_define_value("ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_LISTENER_COUNT") is None
     assert get_define_value("ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_CLIENT_COUNT") is None
 
 
-def test_esp32_bluetooth_proxy_requests_scanner_state_slot(
+def test_esp32_bluetooth_proxy_requests_client_slots_only(
     generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
     component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
 ) -> None:
-    """The proxy requests one scanner state slot, one raw listener slot and a
-    client slot per connection (three by default with active: true)."""
+    """The proxy requests a client slot per connection (three by default with
+    active: true); advertisements and scanner state arrive through the hub
+    callbacks, so no listener slot exists."""
     generate_main(component_config_path("esp32_bluetooth_proxy.yaml"))
-    assert (
-        get_define_value("ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_SCANNER_STATE_LISTENER_COUNT")
-        == "1"
-    )
-    assert get_define_value("ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_LISTENER_COUNT") == "1"
+    assert get_define_value("ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_LISTENER_COUNT") is None
     assert get_define_value("ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_CLIENT_COUNT") == "3"
+    # One neutral GATT backend slot per connection (the hub-model flip).
+    assert get_define_value("ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT") == "3"
 
 
 def test_counts_reset_between_compiles(
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/bluetooth_proxy/test_idf_max_connections_mirror.py b/tests/component_tests/bluetooth_proxy/test_idf_max_connections_mirror.py
index 3042c91f84..58e463b32a 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/bluetooth_proxy/test_idf_max_connections_mirror.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/bluetooth_proxy/test_idf_max_connections_mirror.py
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 """bluetooth_proxy mirrors esp32_ble.IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS; pin them together.
 
-The mirror exists so the statically walkable CONFIG_SCHEMA can express the
-connection_slots range without importing the esp32 BLE stack (that import
-registers esp32-only automations on every platform). The runtime check in
-_esp32_config_schema() only fires while validating an esp32 config, so this
-test is what actually catches drift when the upstream constant changes.
+The mirror doubles as the outer CONFIG_SCHEMA's connection_slots bound, and
+the esp32 schema builder lazily imports esp32_ble and asserts the two values
+agree, but that assert only fires while building the esp32 schema. This test
+catches drift when the upstream constant changes without any esp32 config
+being validated.
 """
 
 from esphome.components import esp32_ble
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/bluetooth_proxy/test_outer_schema_mirror.py b/tests/component_tests/bluetooth_proxy/test_outer_schema_mirror.py
index 17a05a67b9..765b2e48d4 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/bluetooth_proxy/test_outer_schema_mirror.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/bluetooth_proxy/test_outer_schema_mirror.py
@@ -4,8 +4,10 @@ them without importing the esp32 BLE stack; pin the two declarations together.
 The outer schema carries no defaults (the per-platform schema applies them), so
 drift cannot surface in validation output — a key renamed or removed in
 _esp32_config_schema() but not here would silently vanish from the dashboard's
-field extractor. This test is what catches that; validator bounds are pinned
-separately only for connection_slots (test_idf_max_connections_mirror).
+field extractor. This test is what catches that. The outer schema bounds
+connection_slots with the loosest platform cap (_IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS) so range
+walkers see a real Range; per-platform schemas tighten it, and the cap itself
+is pinned by test_idf_max_connections_mirror.
 """
 
 import voluptuous as vol
@@ -13,6 +15,13 @@ import voluptuous as vol
 from esphome import config_validation as cv
 from esphome.components.bluetooth_proxy import CONFIG_SCHEMA, _esp32_config_schema
 
+
+def _esp32_schema_keys() -> dict[str, object]:
+    # The builder names its platform explicitly, so no CORE state is needed
+    # (this also mirrors how the language-schema dumper calls it).
+    return _keys(_schema_of(_esp32_config_schema()))
+
+
 # esp32-schema keys with no place in the outer schema: COMPONENT_SCHEMA
 # plumbing (derived, so a future core key does not fail this component's test),
 # generated IDs (not user-walkable options), and connections (must validate
@@ -36,7 +45,7 @@ def _keys(schema: vol.Schema) -> dict[str, object]:
 
 def test_outer_scalar_keys_exist_in_esp32_schema() -> None:
     outer = _keys(_schema_of(CONFIG_SCHEMA))
-    esp32 = _keys(_schema_of(_esp32_config_schema()))
+    esp32 = _esp32_schema_keys()
     missing = set(outer) - set(esp32)
     assert not missing, (
         f"outer CONFIG_SCHEMA declares {sorted(missing)} which the esp32 schema "
@@ -49,7 +58,7 @@ def test_esp32_scalars_all_walkable() -> None:
     """Every non-generated esp32 scalar option must appear in the outer schema
     (connections is deliberately excluded — it must validate exactly once)."""
     outer = _keys(_schema_of(CONFIG_SCHEMA))
-    esp32 = _keys(_schema_of(_esp32_config_schema()))
+    esp32 = _esp32_schema_keys()
     scalar = {
         name
         for name, key in esp32.items()
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/bluetooth_proxy/test_platform_gates.py b/tests/component_tests/bluetooth_proxy/test_platform_gates.py
index 4d7997fbce..8fc7ffd23b 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/bluetooth_proxy/test_platform_gates.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/bluetooth_proxy/test_platform_gates.py
@@ -2,47 +2,262 @@
 real reason, hub platforms reject GATT-only options by name, and the
 advertisement-only arm applies its own defaults."""
 
+from pathlib import Path
+import re
+
 import pytest
 
 from esphome import config_validation as cv
-from esphome.components import bluetooth_proxy
-from esphome.const import CONF_ACTIVE, KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM
-from esphome.core import CORE, KEY_CORE
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, bluetooth_connection, bluetooth_proxy
+from esphome.config_helpers import frameworks_for_platforms
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ACTIVE,
+    KEY_CORE,
+    KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK,
+    KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM,
+    PLATFORM_BK72XX,
+    PLATFORM_ESP32,
+    PLATFORM_LN882X,
+    PLATFORM_RP2,
+    PlatformFramework,
+)
+from esphome.core import CORE
+
+from ..types import SetCoreConfigCallable
+
+# Advertisement-only hub platforms; rp2 runs the full proxy and has its own
+# tests below.
+HUB_PLATFORM_FRAMEWORKS = [
+    PlatformFramework.BK72XX_ARDUINO,
+    PlatformFramework.LN882X_ARDUINO,
+]
+
+HUB_TRACKERS = {
+    PLATFORM_BK72XX: "bk72xx_ble_tracker",
+    PLATFORM_LN882X: "ln882h_ble_tracker",
+    PLATFORM_RP2: "rp2_ble_tracker",
+}
 
 
-def _set_platform(platform: str) -> None:
+def test_hub_platform_list_covers_every_hub_platform() -> None:
+    # A platform added to _HUB_PLATFORMS would otherwise get no gate coverage
+    # at all; GATT platforms have their own tests.
+    advertisement_only = set(bluetooth_proxy._HUB_PLATFORMS) - set(
+        bluetooth_connection.HUB_MAX_CONNECTIONS
+    )
+    assert {pf.value[0] for pf in HUB_PLATFORM_FRAMEWORKS} == advertisement_only
+    assert set(HUB_TRACKERS) == set(bluetooth_proxy._HUB_PLATFORMS)
+
+
+def _set_platform(platform: str | None) -> None:
+    # For arms set_core_config cannot express (bare platform, no framework).
     CORE.data.setdefault(KEY_CORE, {})[KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM] = platform
 
 
-def test_ble_less_platform_gets_the_real_reason() -> None:
-    _set_platform("esp8266")
+def _register_tracker(platform: str) -> None:
+    # The ble_hub_id guard needs a loaded tracker, normally registered as an
+    # import side effect of the tracker module.
+    tracker = HUB_TRACKERS[platform]
+    ble_device_base.register_hub_provider(tracker)
+    CORE.loaded_integrations.add(tracker)
+
+
+def test_ble_less_platform_gets_the_real_reason(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP8266_ARDUINO)
     with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="not supported on esp8266"):
         bluetooth_proxy.CONFIG_SCHEMA({})
 
 
-def test_ble_less_platform_connection_keys_fall_through() -> None:
+def test_ble_less_platform_connection_keys_fall_through(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
     # The key-level rejection must not fire here — it would imply an
     # advertisement-only proxy exists on this platform.
-    _set_platform("esp8266")
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP8266_ARDUINO)
     with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="not supported on esp8266"):
         bluetooth_proxy.CONFIG_SCHEMA({"connection_slots": 2})
 
 
-def test_hub_platform_rejects_active() -> None:
-    _set_platform("ln882x")
+def test_no_target_platform_keeps_the_key_gate_out_of_the_way() -> None:
+    # set_core_config cannot express "no platform"; script/build_codeowners.py
+    # sets exactly this shape, and the key gate returns early on it so the
+    # platform gate is what reports.
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK: None, KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: None}
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="not supported on None"):
+        bluetooth_proxy.CONFIG_SCHEMA({"connection_slots": 2})
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("platform_framework", HUB_PLATFORM_FRAMEWORKS)
+def test_hub_platform_rejects_active(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+    platform_framework: PlatformFramework,
+) -> None:
+    set_core_config(platform_framework)
+    _register_tracker(platform_framework.value[0])
     with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="Active connections are not supported"):
         bluetooth_proxy.CONFIG_SCHEMA({"active": True})
 
 
-def test_hub_platform_rejects_connection_keys_by_name() -> None:
-    _set_platform("ln882x")
-    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="'connection_slots' requires active"):
-        bluetooth_proxy.CONFIG_SCHEMA({"connection_slots": 2})
-    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="'cache_services' requires active"):
-        bluetooth_proxy.CONFIG_SCHEMA({"cache_services": True})
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("platform_framework", HUB_PLATFORM_FRAMEWORKS)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("key", "value"),
+    [
+        ("connection_slots", 2),
+        ("cache_services", True),
+        # Absent from the outer CONFIG_SCHEMA, so this gate is the only test
+        # that touches it.
+        ("connections", [{}]),
+    ],
+)
+def test_hub_platform_rejects_connection_keys_by_name(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+    platform_framework: PlatformFramework,
+    key: str,
+    value: object,
+) -> None:
+    set_core_config(platform_framework)
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match=f"'{key}' requires active"):
+        bluetooth_proxy.CONFIG_SCHEMA({key: value})
 
 
-def test_hub_platform_accepts_the_advertisement_only_shape() -> None:
-    _set_platform("ln882x")
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("platform_framework", HUB_PLATFORM_FRAMEWORKS)
+def test_hub_platform_accepts_the_advertisement_only_shape(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+    platform_framework: PlatformFramework,
+) -> None:
+    set_core_config(platform_framework)
+    _register_tracker(platform_framework.value[0])
     validated = bluetooth_proxy.CONFIG_SCHEMA({})
     assert validated[CONF_ACTIVE] is False
+
+
+def test_rp2_defaults_to_the_full_proxy(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    # esp32 parity: active defaults to true, with the platform's slot limit,
+    # and one populated connection entry for the codegen to index.
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.RP2_ARDUINO)
+    _register_tracker(PLATFORM_RP2)
+    validated = bluetooth_proxy.CONFIG_SCHEMA({})
+    assert validated[CONF_ACTIVE] is True
+    assert validated[bluetooth_proxy.CONF_CONNECTION_SLOTS] == 3
+    assert len(validated[bluetooth_proxy.CONF_CONNECTIONS]) == 3
+
+
+def test_rp2_accepts_explicit_passive(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.RP2_ARDUINO)
+    _register_tracker(PLATFORM_RP2)
+    validated = bluetooth_proxy.CONFIG_SCHEMA({CONF_ACTIVE: False})
+    assert validated[CONF_ACTIVE] is False
+    assert bluetooth_proxy.CONF_CONNECTIONS not in validated
+
+
+def test_rp2_rejects_slots_beyond_the_btstack_limit(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    # The BTstack pool overrides are sized for RP2_MAX_CONNECTIONS slots.
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.RP2_ARDUINO)
+    _register_tracker(PLATFORM_RP2)
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="at most 3 connection slot"):
+        bluetooth_proxy.CONFIG_SCHEMA({"connection_slots": 4})
+    # Fewer slots than the cap stay accepted (the prebuilt single-client pool
+    # path for 1, the wrap path for 2).
+    validated = bluetooth_proxy.CONFIG_SCHEMA({"connection_slots": 1})
+    assert len(validated[bluetooth_proxy.CONF_CONNECTIONS]) == 1
+    # Values past even the loosest platform cap stop at the outer walkable
+    # schema, which stays bounded for range walkers (device-builder sync);
+    # in-range values get the platform message above.
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="at most 9"):
+        bluetooth_proxy.CONFIG_SCHEMA({"connection_slots": 12})
+
+
+def test_rp2_rejects_esp32_only_keys_by_name(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.RP2_ARDUINO)
+    _register_tracker(PLATFORM_RP2)
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="'cache_services' is esp32-only"):
+        bluetooth_proxy.CONFIG_SCHEMA({"cache_services": True})
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="'connections' has no per-connection options"):
+        bluetooth_proxy.CONFIG_SCHEMA({"connections": [{}]})
+
+
+def test_hub_source_filter_covers_every_hub_platform() -> None:
+    # bluetooth_connection cannot import this module to derive the hub.cpp
+    # framework set, so pin it here: a platform admitted to the proxy but
+    # missing from the filter would validate, then fail at link.
+    expected = frameworks_for_platforms(
+        [*bluetooth_proxy._HUB_PLATFORMS, PLATFORM_ESP32]
+    )
+    hub_frameworks = bluetooth_connection.SOURCE_FILE_FRAMEWORKS[
+        "bluetooth_connection_hub.cpp"
+    ]
+    assert expected == hub_frameworks
+
+
+def test_bluetooth_connection_auto_load_covers_its_includes() -> None:
+    # The backend registers with its platform BLE stack (and the Bluedroid
+    # header includes the tracker's), so that closure lives here and
+    # consumers stay platform-blind; the platform-less arm is the union for
+    # manifest-resolving tooling.
+    _set_platform("esp32")
+    assert bluetooth_connection.AUTO_LOAD() == ["ble_device_base", "esp32_ble_tracker"]
+    _set_platform("rp2")
+    assert bluetooth_connection.AUTO_LOAD() == ["ble_device_base", "rp2040_ble"]
+    _set_platform("ln882x")
+    assert bluetooth_connection.AUTO_LOAD() == ["ble_device_base"]
+    _set_platform(None)
+    assert bluetooth_connection.AUTO_LOAD() == [
+        "ble_device_base",
+        "esp32_ble_tracker",
+        "rp2040_ble",
+    ]
+
+
+def test_every_registered_hub_platform_has_a_schema_arm() -> None:
+    # A platform added to HUB_MAX_CONNECTIONS without a schema builder or
+    # _HUB_PLATFORMS entry would only fail when a config for it is validated
+    # (or not even then); pin both couplings here. Connection codegen is
+    # shared (bluetooth_connection.new_gatt_backend), so it needs no arm.
+    registered = set(bluetooth_connection.HUB_MAX_CONNECTIONS)
+    assert registered <= set(bluetooth_proxy._GATT_HUB_SCHEMAS)
+    assert registered <= set(bluetooth_proxy._HUB_PLATFORMS)
+    # Hub platforms must also be in the backend registry the shared codegen
+    # helpers dispatch on.
+    assert registered <= set(bluetooth_connection._PLATFORM_BACKENDS)
+    # The outer walkable schema's bound must stay the loosest platform cap.
+    assert (
+        max(bluetooth_connection.HUB_MAX_CONNECTIONS.values())
+        <= bluetooth_proxy._IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS
+    )
+
+
+def test_defines_h_mirrors_the_rp2_slot_cap() -> None:
+    # esphome/core/defines.h carries a literal BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS
+    # for static analysis; pin it to the real rp2 cap.
+    defines = (Path(__file__).parents[3] / "esphome" / "core" / "defines.h").read_text()
+    cap = bluetooth_connection.RP2_MAX_CONNECTIONS
+    # The rp2 arm's define, tolerating blank/comment lines in between.
+    match = re.search(
+        r"#elif defined\(USE_RP2\)\s*(?:(?://[^\n]*)?\n)+#define BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS (\d+)",
+        defines,
+    )
+    assert match is not None, "no USE_RP2 arm defines BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS"
+    assert int(match.group(1)) == cap, (
+        f"defines.h rp2 arm carries {match.group(1)}, expected {cap}"
+    )
+    # The static-analysis client count scales with the same cap. Scoped to
+    # the USE_RP2 block: the esp32 arm carries its own count.
+    rp2_block = re.search(r"#ifdef USE_RP2\n((?:#define [^\n]*\n)+)", defines)
+    assert rp2_block is not None, "no USE_RP2 platform block in defines.h"
+    match = re.search(
+        r"#define ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT (\d+)", rp2_block.group(1)
+    )
+    assert match is not None, "ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT missing from rp2 block"
+    assert int(match.group(1)) == cap, (
+        f"rp2 ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT is {match.group(1)}, expected {cap}"
+    )
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/conftest.py b/tests/component_tests/conftest.py
index 3730978ec3..4f0b786cc2 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/conftest.py
@@ -57,6 +57,14 @@ def reset_core() -> Generator[None]:
     CORE.reset()
 
 
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def reset_full_config() -> Generator[None]:
+    """Give each test a clean final-validate config and restore it after."""
+    token = final_validate.full_config.set({})
+    yield
+    final_validate.full_config.reset(token)
+
+
 @pytest.fixture
 def set_core_config() -> Generator[SetCoreConfigCallable]:
     """Fixture to set up the core configuration for tests."""
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/deep_sleep/test_deep_sleep.py b/tests/component_tests/deep_sleep/test_deep_sleep.py
index f105ed5888..e68b1d17cc 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/deep_sleep/test_deep_sleep.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/deep_sleep/test_deep_sleep.py
@@ -1,5 +1,13 @@
 """Tests for the deep sleep component."""
 
+import pytest
+
+from esphome import config_validation as cv
+from esphome.components import deep_sleep
+from esphome.const import CONF_WAKEUP_PIN, PlatformFramework
+
+from ..types import SetCoreConfigCallable
+
 
 def test_deep_sleep_setup(generate_main):
     """
@@ -83,3 +91,35 @@ def test_deep_sleep_run_duration_dictionary(generate_main):
         "    .gpio_cause = 30000,\n"
         "});"
     ) in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_deep_sleep_bk72xx_wakeup_pin_mode_at_both_levels_rejected(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """On BK72xx, wakeup_pin_mode at the top level and under the pin entry is an error."""
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.BK72XX_ARDUINO)
+    config = {
+        CONF_WAKEUP_PIN: [
+            {"pin": "GPIO12", deep_sleep.CONF_WAKEUP_PIN_MODE: "KEEP_AWAKE"}
+        ],
+        deep_sleep.CONF_WAKEUP_PIN_MODE: "INVERT_WAKEUP",
+    }
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="not both"):
+        deep_sleep.validate_config(config)
+
+
+def test_deep_sleep_bk72xx_top_level_wakeup_pin_mode_moved_onto_single_pin(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """On BK72xx, a top-level wakeup_pin_mode is moved onto the only pin entry."""
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.BK72XX_ARDUINO)
+    config = {
+        CONF_WAKEUP_PIN: [{"pin": "GPIO12"}],
+        deep_sleep.CONF_WAKEUP_PIN_MODE: "INVERT_WAKEUP",
+    }
+    result = deep_sleep.validate_config(config)
+
+    assert deep_sleep.CONF_WAKEUP_PIN_MODE not in result
+    assert (
+        result[CONF_WAKEUP_PIN][0][deep_sleep.CONF_WAKEUP_PIN_MODE] == "INVERT_WAKEUP"
+    )
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/emontx/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/emontx/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/emontx/test_sensor_defaults.py b/tests/component_tests/emontx/test_sensor_defaults.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5c6a8e4108
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/emontx/test_sensor_defaults.py
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+"""Tests for emontx sensor tag defaults."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.components import sensor
+from esphome.components.emontx.sensor import CONFIG_SCHEMA, apply_tag_defaults
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ACCURACY_DECIMALS,
+    CONF_DEVICE_CLASS,
+    CONF_STATE_CLASS,
+    CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_APPARENT_POWER,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_CURRENT,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_ENERGY,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_FREQUENCY,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_POWER,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_POWER_FACTOR,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_TEMPERATURE,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_VOLTAGE,
+    STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+    STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING,
+    UNIT_AMPERE,
+    UNIT_CELSIUS,
+    UNIT_EMPTY,
+    UNIT_HERTZ,
+    UNIT_PULSES,
+    UNIT_VOLT,
+    UNIT_VOLT_AMPS,
+    UNIT_WATT,
+    UNIT_WATT_HOURS,
+)
+
+
+def _resolve_via_config_schema(tag: str) -> dict:
+    """Run a minimal config through the real CONFIG_SCHEMA pipeline, the
+    same path a user's YAML goes through."""
+    return CONFIG_SCHEMA(
+        {"tag_name": tag, "emontx_id": "my_emontx", "name": f"{tag} sensor"}
+    )
+
+
+def test_config_schema_applies_tag_default_state_class():
+    """If sensor_schema(state_class=...) is reintroduced, the schema-level
+    default wins over apply_tag_defaults' per-prefix value, and E1 would
+    resolve to measurement instead of total_increasing. Driving the real
+    CONFIG_SCHEMA (not just apply_tag_defaults) catches that, since
+    sensor_schema() runs before apply_tag_defaults in the cv.All() chain.
+    """
+    result = _resolve_via_config_schema("E1")
+    assert result[CONF_STATE_CLASS] == sensor.validate_state_class(
+        STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING
+    )
+
+
+def test_config_schema_applies_tag_default_accuracy_decimals():
+    """Same root cause as the state_class regression: reintroducing
+    sensor_schema(accuracy_decimals=...) would make V1 resolve to the
+    schema-level default instead of the prefix-specific value of 2.
+    """
+    result = _resolve_via_config_schema("V1")
+    assert result[CONF_ACCURACY_DECIMALS] == 2
+
+
+def _make_config(tag: str) -> dict:
+    """Minimal config dict with only tag_name set — no overrides."""
+    return {"tag_name": tag}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("tag", "expected_state_class", "expected_decimals"),
+    [
+        # Known numeric-index prefixes
+        ("E1", STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING, 0),
+        ("E12", STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING, 0),
+        ("P1", STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT, 0),
+        ("V1", STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT, 2),
+        ("I1", STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT, 2),
+        ("T1", STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT, 2),
+        # Known patterns
+        ("PULSE1", STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING, 0),
+        ("PULSE12", STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING, 0),
+        ("PF1", STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT, 2),
+        ("AP1", STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT, 2),
+        ("AP12", STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT, 2),
+        # Frequency: reported as a single, un-numbered tag
+        ("F", STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT, 2),
+        # Unknown / free-form tags fall back to generic defaults
+        ("CUSTOM1", STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT, 0),
+        ("X", STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT, 0),
+        # "F1" is not the exact "F" tag, so it falls back to generic defaults
+        ("F1", STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT, 0),
+        # "PULSE" (no index) is how some real emonTx firmware reports a
+        # single pulse counter, so it still resolves to the PULSE defaults
+        ("PULSE", STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING, 0),
+        # Real firmware sends this lowercase; tag_upper's case-folding must
+        # still match it against the PULSE pattern
+        ("pulse", STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING, 0),
+        # PF/AP require a numeric index; the bare prefix alone (no index)
+        # falls back to generic defaults
+        ("PF", STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT, 0),
+        ("AP", STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT, 0),
+    ],
+)
+def test_apply_tag_defaults(tag, expected_state_class, expected_decimals):
+    """apply_tag_defaults must inject the correct state_class and accuracy_decimals
+    for each tag type when no user overrides are present."""
+    config = _make_config(tag)
+    result = apply_tag_defaults(config)
+
+    assert result[CONF_STATE_CLASS] == sensor.validate_state_class(expected_state_class)
+    assert result[CONF_ACCURACY_DECIMALS] == expected_decimals
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("tag", "expected_unit", "expected_device_class"),
+    [
+        # Known numeric-index prefixes
+        ("E1", UNIT_WATT_HOURS, DEVICE_CLASS_ENERGY),
+        ("E12", UNIT_WATT_HOURS, DEVICE_CLASS_ENERGY),
+        ("P1", UNIT_WATT, DEVICE_CLASS_POWER),
+        ("V1", UNIT_VOLT, DEVICE_CLASS_VOLTAGE),
+        ("I1", UNIT_AMPERE, DEVICE_CLASS_CURRENT),
+        ("T1", UNIT_CELSIUS, DEVICE_CLASS_TEMPERATURE),
+        # Known patterns
+        ("PULSE1", UNIT_PULSES, DEVICE_CLASS_ENERGY),
+        ("PULSE12", UNIT_PULSES, DEVICE_CLASS_ENERGY),
+        # Bare "PULSE" (no index), as reported by some real emonTx firmware
+        ("PULSE", UNIT_PULSES, DEVICE_CLASS_ENERGY),
+        # Real firmware sends this lowercase; tag_upper's case-folding must
+        # still match it against the PULSE pattern
+        ("pulse", UNIT_PULSES, DEVICE_CLASS_ENERGY),
+        ("PF1", UNIT_EMPTY, DEVICE_CLASS_POWER_FACTOR),
+        ("AP1", UNIT_VOLT_AMPS, DEVICE_CLASS_APPARENT_POWER),
+        ("AP12", UNIT_VOLT_AMPS, DEVICE_CLASS_APPARENT_POWER),
+        # Frequency: reported as a single, un-numbered tag
+        ("F", UNIT_HERTZ, DEVICE_CLASS_FREQUENCY),
+    ],
+)
+def test_apply_tag_defaults_unit_and_device_class(
+    tag, expected_unit, expected_device_class
+):
+    """apply_tag_defaults must inject the correct, validated unit_of_measurement
+    and device_class for each tag type when no user overrides are present."""
+    config = _make_config(tag)
+    result = apply_tag_defaults(config)
+
+    assert result[CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT] == sensor.validate_unit_of_measurement(
+        expected_unit
+    )
+    assert result[CONF_DEVICE_CLASS] == sensor.validate_device_class(
+        expected_device_class
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "tag",
+    [
+        "CUSTOM1",
+        "X",
+        # Non-numeric suffixes must not collide with a PATTERN_CONFIGS prefix
+        # (e.g. "APPLE" starting with "AP", "PFX" starting with "PF").
+        "APPLE",
+        "PFX",
+        "PULSE_A",
+        # "F1" is not the exact "F" tag
+        "F1",
+        # Bare "PF"/"AP" (no numeric index) don't match; unlike "PULSE",
+        # real firmware never reports these without an index
+        "PF",
+        "AP",
+    ],
+)
+def test_apply_tag_defaults_unknown_tag_has_no_unit_or_device_class(tag):
+    """Unknown / free-form tags only get generic state_class and
+    accuracy_decimals defaults; unit_of_measurement and device_class are left
+    for the user to set explicitly."""
+    config = _make_config(tag)
+    result = apply_tag_defaults(config)
+
+    assert CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT not in result
+    assert CONF_DEVICE_CLASS not in result
+    assert result[CONF_STATE_CLASS] == sensor.validate_state_class(
+        STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT
+    )
+    assert result[CONF_ACCURACY_DECIMALS] == 0
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("tag", "user_state_class", "user_decimals"),
+    [
+        # User overrides must not be clobbered by defaults
+        ("E1", STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT, 3),
+        ("PULSE1", STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT, 1),
+        ("V1", STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING, 0),
+        ("CUSTOM1", STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING, 4),
+    ],
+)
+def test_apply_tag_defaults_respects_user_overrides(
+    tag, user_state_class, user_decimals
+):
+    """apply_tag_defaults must not overwrite values already set by the user."""
+    config = _make_config(tag)
+    config[CONF_STATE_CLASS] = sensor.validate_state_class(user_state_class)
+    config[CONF_ACCURACY_DECIMALS] = user_decimals
+
+    result = apply_tag_defaults(config)
+
+    assert result[CONF_STATE_CLASS] == sensor.validate_state_class(user_state_class)
+    assert result[CONF_ACCURACY_DECIMALS] == user_decimals
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/epaper_spi/config/uc8179_e1001_test.yaml b/tests/component_tests/epaper_spi/config/uc8179_e1001_test.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..73f956c8ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/epaper_spi/config/uc8179_e1001_test.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32-s3-devkitc-1
+  variant: esp32s3
+
+spi:
+  clk_pin: GPIO7
+  mosi_pin: GPIO9
+
+display:
+  - platform: epaper_spi
+    id: epaper_display
+    model: seeed-reterminal-e1001
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/epaper_spi/test_init.py b/tests/component_tests/epaper_spi/test_init.py
index 7a0507542e..5e2e7d6013 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/epaper_spi/test_init.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/epaper_spi/test_init.py
@@ -439,6 +439,23 @@ def test_enable_pin_multiple(
     assert all(pin["mode"]["output"] is True for pin in enable_pins)
 
 
+def test_uc8179_e1001_code_generation(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    """Test that the reTerminal E1001 model generates the UC8179 driver and init sequence."""
+    main_cpp = generate_main(component_config_path("uc8179_e1001_test.yaml"))
+
+    # The model must instantiate the UC8179 driver class with the panel dimensions
+    assert "epaper_spi::EPaperUC8179" in main_cpp
+    assert re.search(r'"SEEED-RETERMINAL-E1001",\s*800,\s*480', main_cpp)
+
+    # The generated init sequence must contain the UC8179 resolution setting
+    # for 800x480: command 0x61, 4 data bytes 0x03 0x20 0x01 0xE0
+    # (rendered as decimal in the generated array)
+    assert "97, 4, 3, 32, 1, 224" in main_cpp
+
+
 def test_enable_pin_code_generation(
     generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
     component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/certificate_bundle_arduino_tls.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/certificate_bundle_arduino_tls.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..68f9cf1d0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/certificate_bundle_arduino_tls.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+  libraries:
+    - NetworkClientSecure
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: arduino
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/certificate_bundle_full.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/certificate_bundle_full.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..179fc12f51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/certificate_bundle_full.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+    advanced:
+      use_full_certificate_bundle: true
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/certificate_bundle_http_request.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/certificate_bundle_http_request.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b29e5de2bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/certificate_bundle_http_request.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: "test_ssid"
+  password: "test_password"
+
+http_request:
+  verify_ssl: true
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/certificate_bundle_sdkconfig.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/certificate_bundle_sdkconfig.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..af44693806
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/certificate_bundle_sdkconfig.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+    sdkconfig_options:
+      CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE: y
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ba5bf17688
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+i2c:
+  sda: 21
+  scl: 22
+
+output:
+  - platform: ledc
+    id: ledc_out
+    pin: 25
+  - platform: ac_dimmer
+    id: dimmer_out
+    gate_pin: 26
+    zero_cross_pin: 27
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes_camera_web_server.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes_camera_web_server.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1bc5c936e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes_camera_web_server.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: "test_ssid"
+  password: "test_password"
+
+esp32_camera_web_server:
+  port: 8080
+  mode: stream
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes_espnow.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes_espnow.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2ede6c42df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes_espnow.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+espnow:
+  channel: 1
+  auto_add_peer: true
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes_http_request.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes_http_request.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5adfd66b00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes_http_request.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: "test_ssid"
+  password: "test_password"
+
+http_request:
+  verify_ssl: false
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes_internal_temperature.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes_internal_temperature.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d5a0aaf157
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes_internal_temperature.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: internal_temperature
+    name: Internal Temperature
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes_mqtt.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes_mqtt.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c509942635
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes_mqtt.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: "test_ssid"
+  password: "test_password"
+
+mqtt:
+  broker: "10.0.0.1"
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes_nextion.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes_nextion.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3c6e527b09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes_nextion.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: "test_ssid"
+  password: "test_password"
+
+uart:
+  tx_pin: 17
+  rx_pin: 16
+  baud_rate: 115200
+
+display:
+  - platform: nextion
+    tft_url: "http://10.0.0.1/display.tft"
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes_nvs_sdkconfig.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes_nvs_sdkconfig.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a82d4aaba8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes_nvs_sdkconfig.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+    sdkconfig_options:
+      CONFIG_NVS_ENCRYPTION: y
+      CONFIG_NVS_SEC_KEY_PROTECT_USING_HMAC: y
+      CONFIG_NVS_SEC_HMAC_EFUSE_KEY_ID: "0"
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes_web_server.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes_web_server.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6041bffee6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes_web_server.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: "test_ssid"
+  password: "test_password"
+
+web_server:
+  version: 3
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes_wifi_ble.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes_wifi_ble.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..883abdb5fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes_wifi_ble.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+esp32_ble_tracker:
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_stays_internal_temperature_s3.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_stays_internal_temperature_s3.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6d4dbf90b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_stays_internal_temperature_s3.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32-s3-devkitc-1
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: internal_temperature
+    name: Internal Temperature
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_stays_nvs_sdkconfig_off.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_stays_nvs_sdkconfig_off.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2580e77736
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_stays_nvs_sdkconfig_off.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+    sdkconfig_options:
+      CONFIG_NVS_ENCRYPTION: n
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/execute_from_psram_s31.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/execute_from_psram_s31.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..493c9f989e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/execute_from_psram_s31.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  variant: esp32s31
+  board: esp32-s31-devkitc
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+    advanced:
+      execute_from_psram: true
+
+psram:
+  mode: octal
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/network_ethernet_only.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/network_ethernet_only.yaml
index 73d11e0a13..4f357e40e6 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/network_ethernet_only.yaml
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/network_ethernet_only.yaml
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ esp32:
   framework:
     type: esp-idf
 
+mdns:
+
 ethernet:
   type: W5500
   clk_pin: 19
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/network_wifi_only.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/network_wifi_only.yaml
index 61dfde3e03..3abc17e324 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/network_wifi_only.yaml
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/network_wifi_only.yaml
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ esp32:
   framework:
     type: esp-idf
 
+mdns:
+
 wifi:
   ssid: "test_ssid"
   password: "test_password"
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32/test_esp32.py b/tests/component_tests/esp32/test_esp32.py
index 5620a220f8..759020c732 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/esp32/test_esp32.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32/test_esp32.py
@@ -10,14 +10,21 @@ from typing import Any
 import pytest
 
 from esphome.components.esp32 import (
+    KEY_FATFS_REQUIRED,
+    KEY_VFS_DIR_REQUIRED,
+    KEY_VFS_SELECT_REQUIRED,
+    KEY_VFS_TERMIOS_REQUIRED,
     VARIANT_ESP32,
     VARIANTS,
     NetworkSdkconfigData,
+    RawSdkconfigValue,
     _ota_downgrade_protection_errors,
     _reconcile_network_sdkconfig,
+    _reconcile_vfs_fatfs_sdkconfig,
 )
 from esphome.components.esp32.const import (
     KEY_ESP32,
+    KEY_EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS,
     KEY_NETWORK_SDKCONFIG,
     KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS,
     KEY_VARIANT,
@@ -126,6 +133,20 @@ def test_esp32_rejects_unsupported_toolchains(
         CONFIG_SCHEMA({"variant": VARIANT_ESP32, "toolchain": config_toolchain})
 
 
+def test_esp32_rejects_unsupported_cli_toolchain(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """A --toolchain the platform cannot serve fails instead of silently
+    building with PlatformIO (the CLI path bypasses the YAML validator)."""
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF)
+
+    from esphome.components.esp32 import CONFIG_SCHEMA
+
+    CORE.toolchain = Toolchain.ARDUINO
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="Unsupported toolchain 'arduino'"):
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA({"variant": VARIANT_ESP32})
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     ("config", "error_match"),
     [
@@ -182,6 +203,18 @@ def test_esp32_rejects_unsupported_toolchains(
             r"'execute_from_psram' requires PSRAM to be configured @ data\['framework'\]\['advanced'\]\['execute_from_psram'\]",
             id="execute_from_psram_requires_psram_p4_config",
         ),
+        pytest.param(
+            {
+                "variant": "esp32s31",
+                "board": "esp32-s31-devkitc",
+                "framework": {
+                    "type": "esp-idf",
+                    "advanced": {"execute_from_psram": True},
+                },
+            },
+            r"'execute_from_psram' requires PSRAM to be configured @ data\['framework'\]\['advanced'\]\['execute_from_psram'\]",
+            id="execute_from_psram_requires_psram_s31_config",
+        ),
         pytest.param(
             {
                 "variant": "esp32s3",
@@ -231,16 +264,182 @@ def test_esp32_configuration_errors(
         FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA(CONFIG_SCHEMA(config))
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("config_file", "reincluded"),
+    [
+        pytest.param(
+            "exclusion_reincludes.yaml",
+            ("esp_driver_i2c", "esp_driver_ledc", "esp_driver_gptimer"),
+            id="i2c_ledc_ac_dimmer",
+        ),
+        # esp-tls has three owners; a per-owner config makes a dropped
+        # re-include from any single one fail the test.
+        pytest.param(
+            "exclusion_reincludes_http_request.yaml",
+            ("esp-tls", "esp_http_client"),
+            id="http_request",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            # "mqtt" itself is deliberately not asserted: on IDF >= 6.0 it
+            # is a managed component and never leaves the exclusion set.
+            "exclusion_reincludes_mqtt.yaml",
+            ("esp-tls",),
+            id="mqtt",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            "exclusion_reincludes_web_server.yaml",
+            ("esp-tls", "esp_http_server"),
+            id="web_server_idf",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            "nvs_encryption_s3.yaml",
+            ("nvs_sec_provider",),
+            id="nvs_encryption",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            "exclusion_reincludes_nvs_sdkconfig.yaml",
+            ("nvs_sec_provider",),
+            id="nvs_encryption_raw_sdkconfig",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            "exclusion_reincludes_camera_web_server.yaml",
+            ("esp_http_server",),
+            id="esp32_camera_web_server",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            "exclusion_reincludes_nextion.yaml",
+            ("esp-tls", "esp_http_client"),
+            id="nextion",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            # esp_wifi/wpa_supplicant from request_wifi(), bt from
+            # request_bluetooth(), esp_coex from esp32_ble_tracker's software
+            # coexistence (defaults on with wifi). esp_phy stays excluded;
+            # IDF requirement expansion pulls it back via esp_wifi.
+            "exclusion_reincludes_wifi_ble.yaml",
+            ("esp_wifi", "wpa_supplicant", "bt", "esp_coex"),
+            id="wifi_ble",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            "exclusion_reincludes_espnow.yaml",
+            ("esp_wifi",),
+            id="espnow",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            # temprature_sens_read() on the original ESP32 lives in the esp_phy blob.
+            "exclusion_reincludes_internal_temperature.yaml",
+            ("esp_phy",),
+            id="internal_temperature",
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_default_exclusions_reincluded_by_owning_components(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+    config_file: str,
+    reincluded: tuple[str, ...],
+) -> None:
+    """Components whose IDF driver is excluded by default must re-include it
+    during codegen; a dropped include_builtin_idf_component() call would only
+    surface as a missing-header failure in a full compile job."""
+    generate_main(component_config_path(config_file))
+    excluded = CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS]
+
+    for name in reincluded:
+        assert name not in excluded, f"{name} should have been re-included"
+
+    # Components no part of this config touches stay excluded.
+    assert "unity" in excluded
+    assert "fatfs" in excluded
+    # The HTTP server only comes back for configs that run one.
+    assert ("esp_http_server" in excluded) == ("esp_http_server" not in reincluded)
+
+
+def test_esp_phy_stays_excluded_for_internal_temperature_on_newer_variants(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    """Only the original ESP32 reads the PHY blob; other variants use esp_driver_tsens."""
+    generate_main(component_config_path("exclusion_stays_internal_temperature_s3.yaml"))
+    assert "esp_phy" in CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS]
+
+
+def test_nvs_sec_provider_stays_excluded_when_encryption_is_off(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    """An explicit CONFIG_NVS_ENCRYPTION=n keeps nvs_sec_provider excluded."""
+    generate_main(component_config_path("exclusion_stays_nvs_sdkconfig_off.yaml"))
+    assert "nvs_sec_provider" in CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS]
+
+
+_BUNDLE_OPTIONS = (
+    "CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE",
+    "CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE_DEFAULT_CMN",
+    "CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE_DEFAULT_FULL",
+)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("config_file", "expected"),
+    [
+        pytest.param("exclusion_reincludes.yaml", (False, None, None), id="no_tls"),
+        pytest.param(
+            "certificate_bundle_http_request.yaml",
+            (True, True, False),
+            id="http_request",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            "exclusion_reincludes_http_request.yaml",
+            (False, None, None),
+            id="http_request_no_verify",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            "certificate_bundle_full.yaml", (True, None, True), id="full_option"
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            "certificate_bundle_arduino_tls.yaml",
+            (True, True, False),
+            id="arduino_network_client_secure",
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_certificate_bundle_sdkconfig(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+    config_file: str,
+    expected: tuple[bool | None, ...],
+) -> None:
+    """The bundle and its CMN/FULL variant are written only when requested."""
+    generate_main(component_config_path(config_file))
+    sdkconfig = CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS]
+    assert tuple(sdkconfig.get(name) for name in _BUNDLE_OPTIONS) == expected
+
+
+def test_user_sdkconfig_certificate_bundle_wins(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    """A raw sdkconfig_options bundle setting is kept and still pins CMN."""
+    generate_main(component_config_path("certificate_bundle_sdkconfig.yaml"))
+    sdkconfig = CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS]
+    value = sdkconfig["CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE"]
+    assert isinstance(value, RawSdkconfigValue)
+    assert value.value == "y"
+    assert sdkconfig.get("CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE_DEFAULT_CMN") is True
+    assert sdkconfig.get("CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE_DEFAULT_FULL") is False
+
+
 def test_execute_from_psram_s3_sdkconfig(
     generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
     component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
 ) -> None:
-    """Test that execute_from_psram on ESP32-S3 sets the correct sdkconfig options."""
+    """Test that execute_from_psram on ESP32-S3 sets the correct sdkconfig option."""
     generate_main(component_config_path("execute_from_psram_s3.yaml"))
     sdkconfig = CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS]
-    assert sdkconfig.get("CONFIG_SPIRAM_FETCH_INSTRUCTIONS") is True
-    assert sdkconfig.get("CONFIG_SPIRAM_RODATA") is True
-    assert "CONFIG_SPIRAM_XIP_FROM_PSRAM" not in sdkconfig
+    assert sdkconfig.get("CONFIG_SPIRAM_XIP_FROM_PSRAM") is True
+    assert "CONFIG_SPIRAM_FETCH_INSTRUCTIONS" not in sdkconfig
+    assert "CONFIG_SPIRAM_RODATA" not in sdkconfig
 
 
 def test_execute_from_psram_p4_sdkconfig(
@@ -255,6 +454,18 @@ def test_execute_from_psram_p4_sdkconfig(
     assert "CONFIG_SPIRAM_RODATA" not in sdkconfig
 
 
+def test_execute_from_psram_s31_sdkconfig(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    """Test that execute_from_psram on ESP32-S31 sets the correct sdkconfig option."""
+    generate_main(component_config_path("execute_from_psram_s31.yaml"))
+    sdkconfig = CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS]
+    assert sdkconfig.get("CONFIG_SPIRAM_XIP_FROM_PSRAM") is True
+    assert "CONFIG_SPIRAM_FETCH_INSTRUCTIONS" not in sdkconfig
+    assert "CONFIG_SPIRAM_RODATA" not in sdkconfig
+
+
 def test_nvs_encryption_sdkconfig(
     generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
     component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
@@ -614,6 +825,160 @@ def test_reconcile_network_sdkconfig(
     assert CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS] == expected
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("requires", "fatfs_required", "disables", "preset", "expected"),
+    [
+        # Nothing required and every disable_* flag off (NOT the shipped defaults, which
+        # disable everything): VFS enabled, FATFS left untouched entirely.
+        pytest.param(
+            {},
+            False,
+            (False, False, False, False),
+            {},
+            {
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_TERMIOS": True,
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT": True,
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR": True,
+            },
+            id="nothing_disabled_nothing_required",
+        ),
+        # The shipped out-of-the-box path: every disable_* flag defaults to True and nothing
+        # is required -- VFS off, FATFS at the smallest footprint (8.3 names, one volume).
+        pytest.param(
+            {},
+            False,
+            (True, True, True, True),
+            {},
+            {
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_TERMIOS": False,
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT": False,
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR": False,
+                "CONFIG_FATFS_LFN_NONE": True,
+                "CONFIG_FATFS_VOLUME_COUNT": 1,
+            },
+            id="all_disabled_fatfs_fallback",
+        ),
+        # A component's require_* beats the user's disable_* flag for every VFS feature.
+        pytest.param(
+            {
+                KEY_VFS_TERMIOS_REQUIRED: True,
+                KEY_VFS_SELECT_REQUIRED: True,
+                KEY_VFS_DIR_REQUIRED: True,
+            },
+            False,
+            (True, True, True, False),
+            {},
+            {
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_TERMIOS": True,
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT": True,
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR": True,
+            },
+            id="require_beats_disable",
+        ),
+        # A user sdkconfig_options preset wins over a require (the set_opt guard).
+        pytest.param(
+            {KEY_VFS_SELECT_REQUIRED: True},
+            False,
+            (False, False, False, False),
+            {"CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT": False},
+            {
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_TERMIOS": True,
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT": False,
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR": True,
+            },
+            id="user_preset_wins_over_require",
+        ),
+        # require_fatfs() with no user preset: long filenames on the heap, 255 chars,
+        # four volumes.
+        pytest.param(
+            {},
+            True,
+            (False, False, False, False),
+            {},
+            {
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_TERMIOS": True,
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT": True,
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR": True,
+                "CONFIG_FATFS_LFN_NONE": False,
+                "CONFIG_FATFS_LFN_HEAP": True,
+                "CONFIG_FATFS_MAX_LFN": 255,
+                "CONFIG_FATFS_VOLUME_COUNT": 4,
+            },
+            id="fatfs_required_defaults",
+        ),
+        # CONFIG_FATFS_LONG_FILENAMES is a Kconfig choice: a user picking any member
+        # (here LFN_STACK) leaves the whole group untouched -- no second =y in the choice.
+        pytest.param(
+            {},
+            True,
+            (False, False, False, False),
+            {"CONFIG_FATFS_LFN_STACK": "y"},
+            {
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_TERMIOS": True,
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT": True,
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR": True,
+                "CONFIG_FATFS_LFN_STACK": "y",
+                "CONFIG_FATFS_VOLUME_COUNT": 4,
+            },
+            id="fatfs_user_lfn_stack_untouched",
+        ),
+        # disable_fatfs (the shipped default) with a user LFN pick: the choice group is the
+        # user's -- no LFN_NONE=y written next to their member, only the volume fallback.
+        pytest.param(
+            {},
+            False,
+            (False, False, False, True),
+            {"CONFIG_FATFS_LFN_HEAP": "y"},
+            {
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_TERMIOS": True,
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT": True,
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR": True,
+                "CONFIG_FATFS_LFN_HEAP": "y",
+                "CONFIG_FATFS_VOLUME_COUNT": 1,
+            },
+            id="disable_fatfs_user_lfn_untouched",
+        ),
+        # Same for an explicit LFN_NONE preset: the group is the user's, only the volume
+        # count default is added.
+        pytest.param(
+            {},
+            True,
+            (False, False, False, False),
+            {"CONFIG_FATFS_LFN_NONE": "y"},
+            {
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_TERMIOS": True,
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT": True,
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR": True,
+                "CONFIG_FATFS_LFN_NONE": "y",
+                "CONFIG_FATFS_VOLUME_COUNT": 4,
+            },
+            id="fatfs_user_lfn_none_untouched",
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_reconcile_vfs_fatfs_sdkconfig(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+    requires: dict[str, bool],
+    fatfs_required: bool,
+    disables: tuple[bool, bool, bool, bool],
+    preset: dict[str, Any],
+    expected: dict[str, Any],
+) -> None:
+    """The FINAL-priority reconciler resolves the VFS feature flags and the FATFS
+    defaults from the recorded require_* calls, with user sdkconfig_options winning
+    and the LFN Kconfig choice treated as one group."""
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF)
+    CORE.data[KEY_ESP32] = {KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS: dict(preset)}
+    if fatfs_required:
+        CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_FATFS_REQUIRED] = True
+    for key, value in requires.items():
+        CORE.data[key] = value
+
+    asyncio.run(_reconcile_vfs_fatfs_sdkconfig(*disables))
+
+    assert CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS] == expected
+
+
 def test_network_wifi_only_reconciles_end_to_end(
     generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
     component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
@@ -624,6 +989,14 @@ def test_network_wifi_only_reconciles_end_to_end(
     sdkconfig = CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS]
     assert sdkconfig.get("CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_SOFTAP_SUPPORT") is False
     assert sdkconfig.get("CONFIG_LWIP_DHCPS") is False
+    # request_wifi() also puts the WiFi components back in the build set;
+    # esp_phy stays excluded, IDF requirement expansion pulls it back.
+    excluded = CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS]
+    assert "esp_wifi" not in excluded
+    assert "wpa_supplicant" not in excluded
+    assert "esp_phy" in excluded
+    # With wifi present mdns keeps its predefined interfaces.
+    assert "CONFIG_MDNS_PREDEF_NETIF_STA" not in sdkconfig
     # WiFi stack stays enabled (no ethernet) and no Bluetooth requested.
     assert "CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_ENABLED" not in sdkconfig
     assert "CONFIG_BT_ENABLED" not in sdkconfig
@@ -639,6 +1012,12 @@ def test_network_ethernet_only_reconciles_end_to_end(
     sdkconfig = CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS]
     assert sdkconfig.get("CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_ENABLED") is False
     assert sdkconfig.get("CONFIG_SW_COEXIST_ENABLE") is False
+    # The whole radio stack stays out of the build set as well.
+    excluded = CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS]
+    assert {"esp_wifi", "wpa_supplicant", "esp_phy", "esp_coex", "bt"} <= excluded
+    # Without wifi, mdns drops its predefined STA/AP interfaces.
+    assert sdkconfig.get("CONFIG_MDNS_PREDEF_NETIF_STA") is False
+    assert sdkconfig.get("CONFIG_MDNS_PREDEF_NETIF_AP") is False
 
 
 def test_network_wifi_ble_coexistence_reconciles_end_to_end(
@@ -913,3 +1292,50 @@ def test_parse_pio_platform_version(value: str, expected: str) -> None:
     from esphome.components.esp32 import _parse_pio_platform_version
 
     assert _parse_pio_platform_version(value) == expected
+
+
+def test_esp32_s31_gpio_validation(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """S31: GPIO26-28/30-32 are reserved for the SPI flash interface, GPIO29
+    and GPIO41 do not exist, GPIO33 is a normal pin, and GPIO36 is a
+    strapping pin."""
+    from esphome.components.esp32.const import VARIANT_ESP32S31
+    from esphome.components.esp32.gpio import validate_supports
+    from esphome.const import CONF_INPUT, CONF_MODE, CONF_OPEN_DRAIN, CONF_OUTPUT
+
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF, platform_data={KEY_VARIANT: VARIANT_ESP32S31}
+    )
+
+    input_mode = {CONF_INPUT: True, CONF_OUTPUT: False, CONF_OPEN_DRAIN: False}
+
+    # Not reserved; a normal GPIO
+    pin = {CONF_NUMBER: 33, CONF_IGNORE_PIN_VALIDATION_ERROR: False}
+    assert validate_gpio_pin(pin)[CONF_NUMBER] == 33
+
+    # Reserved for the SPI flash interface, but can be bypassed with
+    # ignore_pin_validation_error
+    for num in (26, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32):
+        with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match=f"GPIO{num} is reserved"):
+            validate_gpio_pin(
+                {CONF_NUMBER: num, CONF_IGNORE_PIN_VALIDATION_ERROR: False}
+            )
+        pin = {CONF_NUMBER: num, CONF_IGNORE_PIN_VALIDATION_ERROR: True}
+        assert validate_gpio_pin(pin)[CONF_NUMBER] == num
+
+    for num in (29, 41):
+        with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match=f"GPIO{num} does not exist"):
+            validate_gpio_pin(
+                {CONF_NUMBER: num, CONF_IGNORE_PIN_VALIDATION_ERROR: False}
+            )
+        # Also rejected in validate_supports so ignore_pin_validation_error
+        # cannot bypass it
+        with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match=f"GPIO{num} does not exist"):
+            validate_supports({CONF_NUMBER: num, CONF_MODE: input_mode})
+
+    pin = {CONF_NUMBER: 36, CONF_MODE: input_mode}
+    with caplog.at_level("WARNING"):
+        validate_supports(pin)
+    assert "GPIO36 is a strapping PIN" in caplog.text
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32_ble_tracker/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/esp32_ble_tracker/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32_ble_tracker/config/scan_window_explicit.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32_ble_tracker/config/scan_window_explicit.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..70760fdea6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32_ble_tracker/config/scan_window_explicit.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+esphome:
+  name: scan-window-explicit
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+
+esp32_ble_tracker:
+  scan_parameters:
+    window: 30ms
+
+bluetooth_proxy:
+  active: true
+
+api:
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32_ble_tracker/config/scan_window_raised.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32_ble_tracker/config/scan_window_raised.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4febbfcf3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32_ble_tracker/config/scan_window_raised.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+esphome:
+  name: scan-window-raised
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+
+esp32_ble_tracker:
+
+bluetooth_proxy:
+  active: true
+
+api:
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32_ble_tracker/config/scan_window_scan_only.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32_ble_tracker/config/scan_window_scan_only.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5da5601388
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32_ble_tracker/config/scan_window_scan_only.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+esphome:
+  name: scan-window-scan-only
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+
+esp32_ble_tracker:
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32_ble_tracker/config/scan_window_user_set_scan_only.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32_ble_tracker/config/scan_window_user_set_scan_only.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b9093164f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32_ble_tracker/config/scan_window_user_set_scan_only.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+esphome:
+  name: scan-window-user-scan-only
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+
+esp32_ble_tracker:
+  scan_parameters:
+    connection_scan_window: 20ms
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32_ble_tracker/test_scan_window_default.py b/tests/component_tests/esp32_ble_tracker/test_scan_window_default.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1381aaf4c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32_ble_tracker/test_scan_window_default.py
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+"""Tests for the esp32_ble_tracker conditional scan window default.
+
+The scan window default depends on wifi coexistence and the IDF version:
+IDF 5.5.5 fixed a coexistence bug where BLE scans ran far longer than the
+configured window (espressif/esp-idf#18931), so on fixed versions the
+historical 30 ms default would only listen 9.4 % of the time and miss most
+advertisements. With the coexistence arbiter compiled in on a fixed IDF, the
+window instead defaults to the interval, as Espressif recommends; without the
+arbiter a full-duty scan would starve wifi, so the 30 ms default is kept.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+import logging
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome import config_validation as cv
+from esphome.components.ble_device_base import CONF_CONNECTION_SCAN_WINDOW, to_ble_units
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_SCAN_PARAMETERS, CONF_WINDOW
+from esphome.components.esp32 import KEY_IDF_VERSION
+from esphome.components.esp32_ble_tracker import (
+    CONF_SOFTWARE_COEXISTENCE,
+    CONFIG_SCHEMA,
+)
+from esphome.const import CONF_INTERVAL, PlatformFramework
+from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+from ..types import SetCoreConfigCallable
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def stage_esp32(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> Callable[..., None]:
+    """Stage an esp32 build with a given IDF version and wifi presence."""
+
+    def stage(idf: str, *, wifi: bool) -> None:
+        set_core_config(
+            PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+            platform_data={KEY_IDF_VERSION: cv.Version.parse(idf)},
+        )
+        if wifi:
+            # Makes cv.OnlyWith default software_coexistence to True, exactly
+            # as a real config with wifi: does.
+            CORE.loaded_integrations.add("wifi")
+
+    return stage
+
+
+def _scan_params(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    return CONFIG_SCHEMA(config)[CONF_SCAN_PARAMETERS]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("idf", "config", "expected_units"),
+    [
+        ("5.5.5", {}, 512),  # first fixed version, default 320 ms interval
+        ("6.0.1", {}, 512),  # any newer version behaves the same
+        # Follows a user-set interval.
+        ("5.5.5", {"scan_parameters": {"interval": "1s"}}, 1600),
+    ],
+)
+def test_wifi_on_fixed_idf_defaults_window_to_interval(
+    stage_esp32: Callable[..., None],
+    idf: str,
+    config: ConfigType,
+    expected_units: int,
+) -> None:
+    """With wifi coexistence on a fixed IDF, the window defaults to the interval."""
+    stage_esp32(idf, wifi=True)
+    params = _scan_params(config)
+    assert params[CONF_WINDOW] == params[CONF_INTERVAL]
+    assert to_ble_units(params[CONF_WINDOW]) == expected_units
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("idf", "wifi", "config"),
+    [
+        # Buggy IDF over-scans anyway; keep the 30 ms default.
+        ("5.5.4", True, {}),
+        # No wifi (e.g. ethernet) means no radio contention.
+        ("5.5.5", False, {}),
+        # Coexistence disabled: no arbiter, so a full-duty scan would starve
+        # wifi outright.
+        ("5.5.5", True, {CONF_SOFTWARE_COEXISTENCE: False}),
+    ],
+)
+def test_30ms_default_kept(
+    stage_esp32: Callable[..., None],
+    idf: str,
+    wifi: bool,
+    config: ConfigType,
+) -> None:
+    stage_esp32(idf, wifi=wifi)
+    assert to_ble_units(_scan_params(config)[CONF_WINDOW]) == 48
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("window", ["60ms", "30ms"])
+def test_explicit_window_is_never_touched(
+    stage_esp32: Callable[..., None], window: str
+) -> None:
+    """A user-set window wins over the conditional default.
+
+    The explicit 30 ms case matters: it is indistinguishable from the
+    defaulted value by inspection, so the defaulted flag must separate them.
+    """
+    stage_esp32("5.5.5", wifi=True)
+    params = _scan_params({"scan_parameters": {"window": window}})
+    assert to_ble_units(params[CONF_WINDOW]) == to_ble_units(
+        cv.positive_time_period(window)
+    )
+
+
+def test_short_interval_without_window_still_rejected(
+    stage_esp32: Callable[..., None],
+) -> None:
+    """The provisional 30 ms default validates against the interval as before."""
+    stage_esp32("5.5.5", wifi=True)
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="needs to be smaller than scan interval"):
+        _scan_params({"scan_parameters": {"interval": "20ms"}})
+
+
+# The connection-time fallback window: while a GATT connection is active the
+# scanner drops from a raised full-duty window back to this value so the
+# connection gets guaranteed airtime.
+
+
+def test_raise_arms_connection_scan_window_default(
+    stage_esp32: Callable[..., None],
+) -> None:
+    stage_esp32("5.5.5", wifi=True)
+    params = _scan_params({})
+    assert params[CONF_WINDOW] == params[CONF_INTERVAL]
+    assert to_ble_units(params[CONF_CONNECTION_SCAN_WINDOW]) == 48
+
+
+def test_user_connection_scan_window_survives_raise(
+    stage_esp32: Callable[..., None],
+) -> None:
+    stage_esp32("5.5.5", wifi=True)
+    params = _scan_params({"scan_parameters": {"connection_scan_window": "60ms"}})
+    assert params[CONF_WINDOW] == params[CONF_INTERVAL]
+    assert to_ble_units(params[CONF_CONNECTION_SCAN_WINDOW]) == 96
+
+
+def test_unraised_window_gets_no_connection_scan_window_default(
+    stage_esp32: Callable[..., None],
+) -> None:
+    stage_esp32("5.5.4", wifi=True)
+    assert CONF_CONNECTION_SCAN_WINDOW not in _scan_params({})
+
+
+def test_connection_scan_window_above_interval_rejected(
+    stage_esp32: Callable[..., None],
+) -> None:
+    stage_esp32("5.5.5", wifi=True)
+    with pytest.raises(
+        cv.Invalid, match="connection_scan_window .* needs to be smaller"
+    ):
+        _scan_params({"scan_parameters": {"connection_scan_window": "400ms"}})
+
+
+def test_connection_scan_window_above_window_rejected(
+    stage_esp32: Callable[..., None],
+) -> None:
+    """A connection window above the (post-raise) window would widen the scan
+    during connections; the reject runs after the raise so a fallback below a
+    raised window still validates (covered by the survives-raise test)."""
+    stage_esp32("5.5.5", wifi=True)
+    with pytest.raises(
+        cv.Invalid, match="connection_scan_window .* needs to be smaller"
+    ):
+        _scan_params(
+            {"scan_parameters": {"window": "30ms", "connection_scan_window": "300ms"}}
+        )
+
+
+def test_connection_scan_window_truncation_collapse_rejected(
+    stage_esp32: Callable[..., None],
+) -> None:
+    """A connection window that truncates into the interval's 0.625 ms unit
+    would silently program a full-duty scan during connections."""
+    stage_esp32("5.5.5", wifi=True)
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="connection_scan_window .* both truncate"):
+        _scan_params(
+            {
+                "scan_parameters": {
+                    "interval": "320.5ms",
+                    "connection_scan_window": "320.2ms",
+                }
+            }
+        )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("config_file", "window_call", "connection_call", "warns"),
+    [
+        # Raised window with GATT clients: the injected fallback is emitted.
+        ("scan_window_raised.yaml", "set_scan_window(512)", True, False),
+        # Explicit window: nothing injected.
+        ("scan_window_explicit.yaml", "set_scan_window(48)", False, False),
+        # Scan-only build compiles the path out: the injected default is
+        # dropped silently, a user-set value warns.
+        ("scan_window_scan_only.yaml", "set_scan_window(512)", False, False),
+        ("scan_window_user_set_scan_only.yaml", "set_scan_window(512)", False, True),
+    ],
+)
+def test_connection_scan_window_codegen(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+    config_file: str,
+    window_call: str,
+    connection_call: bool,
+    warns: bool,
+) -> None:
+    main_cpp = generate_main(component_config_path(config_file))
+    assert window_call in main_cpp
+    assert ("set_connection_scan_window(48)" in main_cpp) == connection_call
+    assert ("'connection_scan_window' has no effect" in caplog.text) == warns
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("wifi", "params", "expect_warning"),
+    [
+        (True, {"interval": "1100ms", "window": "1100ms"}, True),
+        (True, {"interval": "1100ms", "window": "601ms"}, True),
+        (True, {"interval": "1100ms", "window": "600ms"}, False),
+        (False, {"interval": "1100ms", "window": "1100ms"}, False),
+    ],
+)
+def test_long_window_with_wifi_warns(
+    stage_esp32: Callable[..., None],
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+    wifi: bool,
+    params: ConfigType,
+    expect_warning: bool,
+) -> None:
+    """A scan window above 600 ms warns only when wifi shares the radio."""
+    stage_esp32("5.5.5", wifi=wifi)
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        _scan_params({"scan_parameters": params})
+    assert ("starves wifi" in caplog.text) is expect_warning
+
+
+def test_long_window_warns_with_coexistence_disabled(
+    stage_esp32: Callable[..., None],
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """Disabling the arbiter is the worst case for a long window, so it still warns."""
+    stage_esp32("5.5.5", wifi=True)
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        _scan_params(
+            {
+                CONF_SOFTWARE_COEXISTENCE: False,
+                "scan_parameters": {"interval": "1100ms", "window": "1100ms"},
+            }
+        )
+    assert "BLE scan window of 1100ms" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_raised_window_warning_points_at_interval(
+    stage_esp32: Callable[..., None],
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """When the window was raised to a long interval, the warning names the interval."""
+    stage_esp32("5.5.5", wifi=True)
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        _scan_params({"scan_parameters": {"interval": "1s"}})
+    assert "BLE scan interval of 1s" in caplog.text
+    assert "BLE scan window of" not in caplog.text
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32_hosted/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/esp32_hosted/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32_hosted/test_init.py b/tests/component_tests/esp32_hosted/test_init.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5cc3f928cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32_hosted/test_init.py
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+"""Tests for the esp32_hosted ESP-IDF version gate."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome import config_validation as cv
+from esphome.components.esp32 import KEY_IDF_VERSION
+from esphome.components.esp32_hosted import _final_validate
+from esphome.const import PlatformFramework
+
+from ..types import SetCoreConfigCallable
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("idf", ["5.3.0", "5.4.2", "5.5.5"])
+def test_final_validate_accepts_supported_idf(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable, idf: str
+) -> None:
+    """ESP-IDF 5.3 and newer passes validation unchanged."""
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        platform_data={KEY_IDF_VERSION: cv.Version.parse(idf)},
+    )
+    _final_validate({})
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("idf", ["5.0.0", "5.2.2"])
+def test_final_validate_rejects_old_idf(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable, idf: str
+) -> None:
+    """ESP-IDF older than 5.3 is rejected with a clear error."""
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        platform_data={KEY_IDF_VERSION: cv.Version.parse(idf)},
+    )
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="requires ESP-IDF 5.3 or newer"):
+        _final_validate({})
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/ethernet/config/spi_id_shared_bus.yaml b/tests/component_tests/ethernet/config/spi_id_shared_bus.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ffcd6a59f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/ethernet/config/spi_id_shared_bus.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+
+spi:
+  - id: spi_bus
+    interface: spi2
+    clk_pin: GPIO18
+    mosi_pin: GPIO23
+    miso_pin: GPIO19
+
+ethernet:
+  id: eth_component
+  type: W5500
+  spi_id: spi_bus
+  cs_pin: GPIO5
+  interrupt_pin: GPIO36
+  reset_pin: GPIO22
+  clock_speed: 20MHz
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/ethernet/config/spi_own_bus.yaml b/tests/component_tests/ethernet/config/spi_own_bus.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3169e6a39a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/ethernet/config/spi_own_bus.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+
+ethernet:
+  id: eth_component
+  type: W5500
+  clk_pin: GPIO18
+  mosi_pin: GPIO23
+  miso_pin: GPIO19
+  cs_pin: GPIO5
+  interrupt_pin: GPIO36
+  reset_pin: GPIO22
+  clock_speed: 20MHz
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/ethernet/test_ethernet.py b/tests/component_tests/ethernet/test_ethernet.py
index b3d37561c7..522357f972 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/ethernet/test_ethernet.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/ethernet/test_ethernet.py
@@ -1,20 +1,30 @@
-"""Tests for the ethernet final-validation coexistence gate."""
+"""Tests for the ethernet final-validation coexistence gate and schema bounds."""
 
 import pytest
 from voluptuous import Invalid
 
-from esphome.components.ethernet import _final_validate
+from esphome import config_validation as cv
+from esphome.components.esp32 import (
+    KEY_BOARD,
+    KEY_IDF_VERSION,
+    KEY_VARIANT,
+    VARIANT_ESP32S3,
+)
+from esphome.components.ethernet import CONF_CLOCK_SPEED, CONFIG_SCHEMA, _final_validate
 from esphome.components.network import _validate_priority_list
-from esphome.const import CONF_PRIORITY
+from esphome.const import CONF_PRIORITY, PlatformFramework
+from esphome.core import CORE
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
 
+from ..types import SetCoreConfigCallable
 
-@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
-def _reset_full_config():
-    """Reset fv.full_config so each test starts with a clean slate."""
-    token = fv.full_config.set({})
-    yield
-    fv.full_config.reset(token)
+_CH390_CONFIG = {
+    "type": "CH390",
+    "clk_pin": 47,
+    "mosi_pin": 48,
+    "miso_pin": 14,
+    "cs_pin": 21,
+}
 
 
 def test_rejects_wifi_and_ethernet_without_priority() -> None:
@@ -35,3 +45,40 @@ def test_rejects_wifi_and_ethernet_with_incomplete_priority() -> None:
     )
     with pytest.raises(Invalid, match=r"must.*list both interfaces; missing: wifi"):
         _final_validate({})
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("clock_speed", ["26.67MHz", "72MHz"])
+def test_ch390_accepts_clock_speed_up_to_the_datasheet_maximum(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable, clock_speed: str
+) -> None:
+    """CH390 SCK is rated to 72MHz, so the schema must accept the whole range."""
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        platform_data={
+            KEY_BOARD: "esp32-s3-devkitc-1",
+            KEY_VARIANT: VARIANT_ESP32S3,
+            KEY_IDF_VERSION: cv.Version(5, 3, 2),
+        },
+    )
+    # _validate derives use_address from the node name, which has no default here.
+    CORE.name = "ch390-test"
+    config = CONFIG_SCHEMA({**_CH390_CONFIG, CONF_CLOCK_SPEED: clock_speed})
+    assert config[CONF_CLOCK_SPEED] == cv.frequency(clock_speed)
+
+
+def test_ch390_rejects_clock_speed_above_the_datasheet_maximum(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """The shared 80MHz ceiling is out of spec for this part."""
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        platform_data={
+            KEY_BOARD: "esp32-s3-devkitc-1",
+            KEY_VARIANT: VARIANT_ESP32S3,
+            KEY_IDF_VERSION: cv.Version(5, 3, 2),
+        },
+    )
+    # _validate derives use_address from the node name, which has no default here.
+    CORE.name = "ch390-test"
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="value must be at most 72000000"):
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA({**_CH390_CONFIG, CONF_CLOCK_SPEED: "80MHz"})
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/ethernet/test_spi_id.py b/tests/component_tests/ethernet/test_spi_id.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e6dc9249e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/ethernet/test_spi_id.py
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+"""Tests for the ethernet `spi_id:` option (attach to a shared spi bus)."""
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+from voluptuous import Invalid
+
+from esphome import config_validation as cv
+from esphome.components.esp32 import (
+    KEY_BOARD,
+    KEY_IDF_VERSION,
+    KEY_VARIANT,
+    VARIANT_ESP32S3,
+)
+from esphome.components.ethernet import CONF_INTERFACE, CONFIG_SCHEMA, _final_validate
+from esphome.components.rp2.const import KEY_BOARD as RP2_KEY_BOARD
+
+# Registers the rp2 pin schema so RP2 configs can validate pins.
+import esphome.components.rp2.gpio  # noqa: F401
+from esphome.components.spi import CONF_INTERFACE_INDEX
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_CLK_PIN,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_MISO_PIN,
+    CONF_MOSI_PIN,
+    CONF_SPI,
+    CONF_SPI_ID,
+    CONF_TYPE,
+    PlatformFramework,
+)
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID
+import esphome.final_validate as fv
+
+from ..types import SetCoreConfigCallable
+
+_W5500_PIN_CONFIG = {
+    "type": "W5500",
+    "clk_pin": 47,
+    "mosi_pin": 48,
+    "miso_pin": 14,
+    "cs_pin": 21,
+}
+
+_W5500_SPI_ID_CONFIG = {
+    "type": "W5500",
+    "spi_id": "spi_bus",
+    "cs_pin": 21,
+}
+
+
+def _set_esp32_s3(set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable) -> None:
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        platform_data={
+            KEY_BOARD: "esp32-s3-devkitc-1",
+            KEY_VARIANT: VARIANT_ESP32S3,
+            KEY_IDF_VERSION: cv.Version(5, 3, 2),
+        },
+    )
+    # _validate derives use_address from the node name, which has no default here.
+    CORE.name = "spi-id-test"
+
+
+def test_spi_id_accepted_without_pins_or_interface(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """With spi_id set, the pin options are not required and no interface is defaulted."""
+    _set_esp32_s3(set_core_config)
+    config = CONFIG_SCHEMA(dict(_W5500_SPI_ID_CONFIG))
+    assert config[CONF_SPI_ID] == ID("spi_bus")
+    # The interface comes from the referenced bus; no default may be injected.
+    assert CONF_INTERFACE not in config
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("key", "value"),
+    [
+        (CONF_CLK_PIN, 47),
+        (CONF_MOSI_PIN, 48),
+        (CONF_MISO_PIN, 14),
+        (CONF_INTERFACE, "spi2"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_spi_id_rejects_bus_options(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable, key: str, value: int | str
+) -> None:
+    """Options provided by the referenced bus must be rejected alongside spi_id."""
+    _set_esp32_s3(set_core_config)
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match=f"'{key}' cannot be used together with 'spi_id'"):
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA({**_W5500_SPI_ID_CONFIG, key: value})
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("key", [CONF_CLK_PIN, CONF_MOSI_PIN, CONF_MISO_PIN])
+def test_bus_pins_still_required_without_spi_id(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable, key: str
+) -> None:
+    """Without spi_id, the bus pin options stay required."""
+    _set_esp32_s3(set_core_config)
+    config = {k: v for k, v in _W5500_PIN_CONFIG.items() if k != key}
+    with pytest.raises(
+        Invalid, match=f"'{key}' is a required option when 'spi_id' is not set"
+    ):
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA(config)
+
+
+def test_spi_id_rejected_on_rp2(set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable) -> None:
+    """spi_id is ESP32-only; the RP2 path is unchanged."""
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.RP2_ARDUINO, platform_data={RP2_KEY_BOARD: "rpipicow"}
+    )
+    CORE.name = "spi-id-test"
+    config = {
+        "type": "W5500",
+        "spi_id": "spi_bus",
+        "clk_pin": 18,
+        "mosi_pin": 19,
+        "miso_pin": 16,
+        "cs_pin": 17,
+    }
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="only available on"):
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA(config)
+
+
+def _eth_spi_id_final_config() -> dict:
+    return {CONF_TYPE: "W5500", CONF_SPI_ID: ID("spi_bus")}
+
+
+class _FakeFinalConfig(dict):
+    """Dict-backed FinalValidateConfig with just enough ID resolution for
+    fv.id_declaration_match_schema to find an spi bus fragment."""
+
+    def get_path_for_id(self, id: ID) -> list:
+        for index, conf in enumerate(self[CONF_SPI]):
+            if conf[CONF_ID] == id:
+                return [CONF_SPI, index, CONF_ID]
+        raise KeyError(id)
+
+    def get_config_for_path(self, path: list) -> dict:
+        return self[path[0]][path[1]]
+
+
+def _set_spi_buses(*buses: dict) -> None:
+    fv.full_config.set(_FakeFinalConfig({CONF_SPI: list(buses)}))
+
+
+_SHAREABLE_BUS = {
+    CONF_ID: ID("spi_bus"),
+    CONF_INTERFACE_INDEX: 0,
+    CONF_MISO_PIN: {},
+    CONF_MOSI_PIN: {},
+}
+
+
+def test_final_validate_accepts_hardware_bus_with_data_pins(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """A hardware spi bus that declares miso_pin and mosi_pin may be shared."""
+    _set_esp32_s3(set_core_config)
+    # An unrelated bus first: the ID lookup must skip past it.
+    _set_spi_buses({CONF_ID: ID("other_bus"), CONF_INTERFACE_INDEX: 1}, _SHAREABLE_BUS)
+    _final_validate(_eth_spi_id_final_config())
+
+
+def test_final_validate_rejects_software_bus(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """A software spi bus (no hardware interface index) cannot be shared."""
+    _set_esp32_s3(set_core_config)
+    bus = {k: v for k, v in _SHAREABLE_BUS.items() if k != CONF_INTERFACE_INDEX}
+    _set_spi_buses(bus)
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="requires this spi bus to use a hardware"):
+        _final_validate(_eth_spi_id_final_config())
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("pin_key", [CONF_MISO_PIN, CONF_MOSI_PIN])
+def test_final_validate_rejects_bus_without_data_pin(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable, pin_key: str
+) -> None:
+    """The shared bus must declare both data pins to drive the ethernet chip."""
+    _set_esp32_s3(set_core_config)
+    bus = {k: v for k, v in _SHAREABLE_BUS.items() if k != pin_key}
+    _set_spi_buses(bus)
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match=f"requires this spi bus to declare a {pin_key}"):
+        _final_validate(_eth_spi_id_final_config())
+
+
+def test_final_validate_rejects_colliding_host_without_spi_id(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """Without spi_id, claiming the same host as an spi bus stays an error."""
+    _set_esp32_s3(set_core_config)
+    fv.full_config.set({CONF_SPI: [{CONF_ID: ID("spi_bus"), CONF_INTERFACE_INDEX: 0}]})
+    config = {CONF_TYPE: "W5500", CONF_INTERFACE: "spi2"}
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="both using interface 'SPI2_HOST'"):
+        _final_validate(config)
+
+
+def test_final_validate_accepts_distinct_host_without_spi_id(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """Without spi_id, a different host than the spi bus is accepted."""
+    _set_esp32_s3(set_core_config)
+    fv.full_config.set({CONF_SPI: [{CONF_ID: ID("spi_bus"), CONF_INTERFACE_INDEX: 0}]})
+    _final_validate({CONF_TYPE: "W5500", CONF_INTERFACE: "spi3"})
+
+
+def test_generated_code_uses_spi_parent(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    """With spi_id, codegen wires the spi parent and skips the bus options."""
+    main_cpp = generate_main(component_config_path("spi_id_shared_bus.yaml"))
+
+    assert "eth_component->set_spi_parent(spi_bus);" in main_cpp
+    assert "eth_component->set_cs_pin(5);" in main_cpp
+    assert "eth_component->set_clk_pin(" not in main_cpp
+    assert "eth_component->set_miso_pin(" not in main_cpp
+    assert "eth_component->set_mosi_pin(" not in main_cpp
+    assert "eth_component->set_interface(" not in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_generated_code_without_spi_id_initializes_own_bus(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    """Without spi_id, codegen still emits the pin and interface setters."""
+    main_cpp = generate_main(component_config_path("spi_own_bus.yaml"))
+
+    assert "eth_component->set_spi_parent(" not in main_cpp
+    assert "eth_component->set_clk_pin(18);" in main_cpp
+    assert "eth_component->set_miso_pin(19);" in main_cpp
+    assert "eth_component->set_mosi_pin(23);" in main_cpp
+    assert "eth_component->set_cs_pin(5);" in main_cpp
+    assert "eth_component->set_interface(::SPI3_HOST);" in main_cpp
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/external_components/test_init.py b/tests/component_tests/external_components/test_init.py
index d3813ecc75..78cb32af54 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/external_components/test_init.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/external_components/test_init.py
@@ -1,16 +1,21 @@
-"""Tests for the external_components skip-update behavior driven by CORE.skip_external_update."""
+"""Tests for the external_components config pass."""
 
+import logging
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any
 from unittest.mock import MagicMock
 
+import pytest
+
 from esphome.components.external_components import do_external_components_pass
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_EXTERNAL_COMPONENTS,
+    CONF_PATH,
     CONF_REFRESH,
     CONF_SOURCE,
     CONF_URL,
     TYPE_GIT,
+    TYPE_LOCAL,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, TimePeriodSeconds
 
@@ -69,3 +74,112 @@ def test_external_components_normal_refresh(
     mock_clone_or_update.assert_called_once()
     call_args = mock_clone_or_update.call_args
     assert call_args.kwargs["refresh"] == TimePeriodSeconds(days=1)
+
+
+def test_external_components_logs_built_in_override(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    mock_clone_or_update: MagicMock,
+    mock_install_meta_finder: MagicMock,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A source that provides a component with the same name as a built-in one logs an info message."""
+    mock_clone_or_update.return_value = (tmp_path, None)
+    config = _make_config(tmp_path)
+
+    for name in ("gpio", "some_custom_component"):
+        component_dir = tmp_path / "components" / name
+        component_dir.mkdir()
+        (component_dir / "__init__.py").write_text("# Test component")
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.INFO):
+        do_external_components_pass(config)
+
+    assert (
+        "External components are overriding built-in components:\n"
+        "  source: https://github.com/test/components\n"
+        "  components: gpio" in caplog.text
+    )
+    assert "some_custom_component" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_external_components_override_log_includes_ref(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    mock_clone_or_update: MagicMock,
+    mock_install_meta_finder: MagicMock,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A git source with a ref logs the ref appended to the url."""
+    mock_clone_or_update.return_value = (tmp_path, None)
+    config = _make_config(tmp_path)
+    config[CONF_EXTERNAL_COMPONENTS][0][CONF_SOURCE] = "github://test/components@main"
+
+    component_dir = tmp_path / "components" / "gpio"
+    component_dir.mkdir()
+    (component_dir / "__init__.py").write_text("# Test component")
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.INFO):
+        do_external_components_pass(config)
+
+    assert "  source: https://github.com/test/components.git@main\n" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_external_components_override_log_includes_git_path(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    mock_clone_or_update: MagicMock,
+    mock_install_meta_finder: MagicMock,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A git source with a subdirectory path logs the path after the url."""
+    mock_clone_or_update.return_value = (tmp_path, None)
+    config = _make_config(tmp_path)
+    config[CONF_EXTERNAL_COMPONENTS][0][CONF_SOURCE][CONF_PATH] = "components"
+
+    component_dir = tmp_path / "components" / "gpio"
+    component_dir.mkdir()
+    (component_dir / "__init__.py").write_text("# Test component")
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.INFO):
+        do_external_components_pass(config)
+
+    assert "  source: https://github.com/test/components (components)\n" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_external_components_override_log_local_source(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    mock_install_meta_finder: MagicMock,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A local source logs its resolved path."""
+    components_dir = tmp_path / "my_components"
+    gpio_dir = components_dir / "gpio"
+    gpio_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
+    (gpio_dir / "__init__.py").write_text("# Test component")
+
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "dummy.yaml"
+    config = {
+        CONF_EXTERNAL_COMPONENTS: [
+            {CONF_SOURCE: {"type": TYPE_LOCAL, CONF_PATH: "my_components"}}
+        ]
+    }
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.INFO):
+        do_external_components_pass(config)
+
+    assert f"  source: {components_dir}\n" in caplog.text
+    assert "  components: gpio" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_external_components_no_override_no_log(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    mock_clone_or_update: MagicMock,
+    mock_install_meta_finder: MagicMock,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A source that only provides components not shipped with ESPHome logs nothing."""
+    mock_clone_or_update.return_value = (tmp_path, None)
+    config = _make_config(tmp_path)
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.INFO):
+        do_external_components_pass(config)
+
+    assert "are overriding built-in components" not in caplog.text
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/gpio/test_gpio_binary_sensor.py b/tests/component_tests/gpio/test_gpio_binary_sensor.py
index f336a9105e..60494d9cba 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/gpio/test_gpio_binary_sensor.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/gpio/test_gpio_binary_sensor.py
@@ -3,10 +3,15 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from collections.abc import Callable
+import logging
 from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
+from esphome.core import CORE
+
+INTERRUPT_DEFINE = "USE_GPIO_BINARY_SENSOR_INTERRUPT"
+
 
 def test_gpio_binary_sensor_basic_setup(
     generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
@@ -69,3 +74,62 @@ def test_gpio_binary_sensor_explicit_polling_mode(
     )
 
     assert "bs_polling->set_use_interrupt(false);" in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_gpio_binary_sensor_interrupt_emits_define(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+) -> None:
+    """
+    An interrupt-mode sensor must emit the define that compiles the ISR code,
+    since the platform ISR pin implementation is only built when needed
+    """
+    generate_main("tests/component_tests/gpio/test_gpio_binary_sensor.yaml")
+
+    assert INTERRUPT_DEFINE in {d.name for d in CORE.defines}
+
+
+def test_gpio_binary_sensor_polling_omits_define(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+) -> None:
+    """
+    A polling-only config must not emit the interrupt define, so the ISR code
+    (and its reference to ISRInternalGPIOPin) is compiled out
+    """
+    generate_main("tests/component_tests/gpio/test_gpio_binary_sensor_polling.yaml")
+
+    assert INTERRUPT_DEFINE not in {d.name for d in CORE.defines}
+
+
+def test_gpio_binary_sensor_mixed_modes_emit_define(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+) -> None:
+    """
+    With one interrupt and one polling sensor, the define is emitted and the
+    polling instance still opts out via its setter
+    """
+    main_cpp = generate_main(
+        "tests/component_tests/gpio/test_gpio_binary_sensor_mixed.yaml"
+    )
+
+    assert INTERRUPT_DEFINE in {d.name for d in CORE.defines}
+    assert "bs_polling->set_use_interrupt(false);" in main_cpp
+    assert "bs_interrupt->set_use_interrupt" not in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_gpio_binary_sensor_expander_pin_omits_define(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """
+    An expander pin can't use interrupts: final validation falls back to
+    polling and the interrupt define must not be emitted. This is the config
+    that fails to link if the ISR code is compiled without an internal pin
+    """
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.INFO):
+        main_cpp = generate_main(
+            "tests/component_tests/gpio/test_gpio_binary_sensor_expander.yaml"
+        )
+
+    assert "bs_expander->set_use_interrupt(false);" in main_cpp
+    assert INTERRUPT_DEFINE not in {d.name for d in CORE.defines}
+    assert "falling back to polling mode" in caplog.text
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/gpio/test_gpio_binary_sensor_expander.yaml b/tests/component_tests/gpio/test_gpio_binary_sensor_expander.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f153ccebfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/gpio/test_gpio_binary_sensor_expander.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+
+i2c:
+  scl: 16
+  sda: 17
+
+ch422g:
+  - id: ch422g_hub
+
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: gpio
+    name: "Expander Sensor"
+    id: bs_expander
+    pin:
+      ch422g: ch422g_hub
+      number: 1
+      mode: INPUT
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/gpio/test_gpio_binary_sensor_mixed.yaml b/tests/component_tests/gpio/test_gpio_binary_sensor_mixed.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0e8c7ec3fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/gpio/test_gpio_binary_sensor_mixed.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: gpio
+    pin: 5
+    name: "Interrupt Sensor"
+    id: bs_interrupt
+
+  - platform: gpio
+    pin: 4
+    name: "Polling Sensor"
+    id: bs_polling
+    use_interrupt: false
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/gpio_expander/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/gpio_expander/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/gpio_expander/test_init.py b/tests/component_tests/gpio_expander/test_init.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..806b1775d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/gpio_expander/test_init.py
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+"""Tests for the shared io expander interrupt_pin validator."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import importlib
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome import config_validation as cv
+from esphome.components.esp32 import KEY_BOARD, KEY_VARIANT, VARIANT_ESP32
+from esphome.components.gpio_expander import validate_interrupt_pin
+from esphome.const import PlatformFramework
+from tests.component_tests.types import SetCoreConfigCallable
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def stage_esp32(set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable) -> None:
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        platform_data={KEY_BOARD: "esp32dev", KEY_VARIANT: VARIANT_ESP32},
+    )
+
+
+def test_plain_pin_accepted(stage_esp32: None) -> None:
+    value = validate_interrupt_pin(
+        {"number": 16, "mode": {"input": True, "pullup": True}}
+    )
+    assert value["number"] == 16
+
+
+def test_inverted_rejected(stage_esp32: None) -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="'inverted: true' is not supported"):
+        validate_interrupt_pin({"number": 16, "inverted": True})
+
+
+def test_allow_other_uses_rejected(stage_esp32: None) -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="'allow_other_uses: true' is not supported"):
+        validate_interrupt_pin({"number": 16, "allow_other_uses": True})
+
+
+# mcp23017 covers the shared mcp23xxx_base schema
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "component",
+    [
+        "pcf8574",
+        "pca9554",
+        "tca9555",
+        "pca6416a",
+        "pi4ioe5v6408",
+        "mcp23016",
+        "mcp23017",
+    ],
+)
+def test_component_schemas_route_through_validator(
+    stage_esp32: None, component: str
+) -> None:
+    module = importlib.import_module(f"esphome.components.{component}")
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="'inverted: true' is not supported"):
+        module.CONFIG_SCHEMA(
+            {"id": "expander_hub", "interrupt_pin": {"number": 16, "inverted": True}}
+        )
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/gsl3670/test_init.py b/tests/component_tests/gsl3670/test_init.py
index 8528cf23ca..950fa389be 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/gsl3670/test_init.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/gsl3670/test_init.py
@@ -87,13 +87,11 @@ def test_cache_path_is_deterministic_per_url(
     monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path
 ) -> None:
     """The cache path is derived from (and stable for) the URL."""
-    monkeypatch.setattr(
-        gsl.external_files, "compute_local_file_dir", lambda _: tmp_path
-    )
+    monkeypatch.setenv("ESPHOME_DATA_DIR", str(tmp_path))
     first = gsl._cache_path(VALID_URL)
     assert first == gsl._cache_path(VALID_URL)
     assert first != gsl._cache_path("https://example.com/other.bin")
-    assert first.parent == tmp_path
+    assert first.parent == tmp_path / "gsl3670"
 
 
 def test_firmware_path_prefers_local_file(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -106,9 +104,7 @@ def test_firmware_path_uses_cache_for_url(
     monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path
 ) -> None:
     """A ``url`` source resolves to the cache path for that URL."""
-    monkeypatch.setattr(
-        gsl.external_files, "compute_local_file_dir", lambda _: tmp_path
-    )
+    monkeypatch.setenv("ESPHOME_DATA_DIR", str(tmp_path))
     assert gsl.firmware_path({"url": VALID_URL}) == gsl._cache_path(VALID_URL)
 
 
@@ -145,9 +141,7 @@ def test_firmware_url_downloads_and_validates(
 ) -> None:
     """A url source downloads the content and validates its structure."""
     data = _make_firmware()
-    monkeypatch.setattr(
-        gsl.external_files, "compute_local_file_dir", lambda _: tmp_path
-    )
+    monkeypatch.setenv("ESPHOME_DATA_DIR", str(tmp_path))
     monkeypatch.setattr(gsl.external_files, "download_content", lambda url, path: data)
     assert gsl._validate_firmware({"url": VALID_URL}) == {"url": VALID_URL}
 
@@ -157,9 +151,7 @@ def test_firmware_url_sha256_mismatch_rejected(
 ) -> None:
     """A configured SHA-256 that does not match the download is rejected."""
     data = _make_firmware()
-    monkeypatch.setattr(
-        gsl.external_files, "compute_local_file_dir", lambda _: tmp_path
-    )
+    monkeypatch.setenv("ESPHOME_DATA_DIR", str(tmp_path))
     monkeypatch.setattr(gsl.external_files, "download_content", lambda url, path: data)
     with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="SHA-256 mismatch"):
         gsl._validate_firmware({"url": VALID_URL, "sha256": "00" * 32})
@@ -169,9 +161,7 @@ def test_firmware_url_invalid_structure_rejected(
     monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path
 ) -> None:
     """Downloaded content that is not a valid blob is rejected."""
-    monkeypatch.setattr(
-        gsl.external_files, "compute_local_file_dir", lambda _: tmp_path
-    )
+    monkeypatch.setenv("ESPHOME_DATA_DIR", str(tmp_path))
     monkeypatch.setattr(
         gsl.external_files, "download_content", lambda url, path: b"\x00\x01\x02"
     )
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/http_request/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/http_request/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/http_request/config/test_esp32_default.yaml b/tests/component_tests/http_request/config/test_esp32_default.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..86744dcb11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/http_request/config/test_esp32_default.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: nodemcu-32s
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: test
+  password: testtest
+
+http_request:
+  timeout: 10s
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/http_request/config/test_esp32_explicit.yaml b/tests/component_tests/http_request/config/test_esp32_explicit.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e0d0074caa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/http_request/config/test_esp32_explicit.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: nodemcu-32s
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: test
+  password: testtest
+
+http_request:
+  timeout: 10s
+  watchdog_timeout: 20s
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/http_request/config/test_esp32_platform_wider.yaml b/tests/component_tests/http_request/config/test_esp32_platform_wider.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..77a85da2ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/http_request/config/test_esp32_platform_wider.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: nodemcu-32s
+  watchdog_timeout: 60s
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: test
+  password: testtest
+
+http_request:
+  timeout: 10s
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/http_request/config/test_esp32_stock.yaml b/tests/component_tests/http_request/config/test_esp32_stock.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..70d2701466
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/http_request/config/test_esp32_stock.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: nodemcu-32s
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: test
+  password: testtest
+
+http_request:
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/http_request/config/test_esp8266.yaml b/tests/component_tests/http_request/config/test_esp8266.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d0698dc57e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/http_request/config/test_esp8266.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp8266:
+  board: d1_mini
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: test
+  password: testtest
+
+http_request:
+  timeout: 10s
+  verify_ssl: false
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/http_request/config/test_rp2040.yaml b/tests/component_tests/http_request/config/test_rp2040.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..030736c30d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/http_request/config/test_rp2040.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+rp2:
+  board: rpipicow
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: test
+  password: testtest
+
+http_request:
+  timeout: 10s
+  verify_ssl: false
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/http_request/test_init.py b/tests/component_tests/http_request/test_init.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..446c4acbd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/http_request/test_init.py
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+"""Tests for the http_request watchdog timeout default."""
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.config import read_config
+from esphome.const import CONF_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT
+from esphome.core import CORE, TimePeriodMilliseconds
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("yaml_file", "expected_ms"),
+    [
+        # stock 4.5s timeout: 3 x 4.5s plus 1s margin
+        ("test_esp32_stock.yaml", 14500),
+        # 3 x 10s plus 1s margin
+        ("test_esp32_default.yaml", 31000),
+        # esp32.watchdog_timeout: 60s is wider than the derived value and wins
+        ("test_esp32_platform_wider.yaml", 60000),
+        # explicit value is kept as is
+        ("test_esp32_explicit.yaml", 20000),
+    ],
+)
+def test_esp32_watchdog_timeout(
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path], yaml_file: str, expected_ms: int
+) -> None:
+    CORE.config_path = component_config_path(yaml_file)
+    config = read_config({})
+    assert config["http_request"][CONF_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT] == TimePeriodMilliseconds(
+        milliseconds=expected_ms
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("yaml_file", ["test_esp8266.yaml", "test_rp2040.yaml"])
+def test_other_platforms_leave_watchdog_unset(
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path], yaml_file: str
+) -> None:
+    CORE.config_path = component_config_path(yaml_file)
+    config = read_config({})
+    assert CONF_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT not in config["http_request"]
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/image/test_init.py b/tests/component_tests/image/test_init.py
index 78462463b1..fad8b7df09 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/image/test_init.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/image/test_init.py
@@ -21,16 +21,20 @@ from esphome.components.image import (
     CONF_OPAQUE,
     CONF_TRANSPARENCY,
     PLATFORM_FILE,
+    _expand_platform_entry,
     _flatten_legacy_image_config,
     _is_legacy_image_format,
     _is_new_image_format,
     _migrate_legacy_image_config,
+    expand_platform_config,
     get_all_image_metadata,
     get_image_metadata,
 )
 from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_DEFAULTS,
     CONF_DITHER,
     CONF_FILE,
+    CONF_FILES,
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_PLATFORM,
     CONF_RAW_DATA_ID,
@@ -259,6 +263,15 @@ def test_flatten_keeps_byte_order_for_endian_type() -> None:
     assert out[0][CONF_BYTE_ORDER] == "little_endian"
 
 
+def test_flatten_drops_byte_order_written_directly_on_legacy_entry() -> None:
+    """The legacy flattener drops an incompatible byte_order even when written directly on the entry."""
+    out = _flatten_legacy_image_config(
+        {"binary": [{"id": "a", "file": "x.png", "byte_order": "little_endian"}]}
+    )
+    assert out == [{"id": "a", "file": "x.png", "type": "binary"}]
+    assert CONF_BYTE_ORDER not in out[0]
+
+
 def test_flatten_skips_meta_and_unknown_keys() -> None:
     out = _flatten_legacy_image_config(
         {
@@ -342,6 +355,42 @@ def test_migrate_legacy_warns_and_prepends_platform(
         ),
         pytest.param({"foo": 1}, False, id="dict_unknown_keys"),
         pytest.param("a string", False, id="scalar"),
+        # A `platform:`-tagged dict is the new format written without list brackets.
+        pytest.param(
+            {CONF_PLATFORM: "file", "id": "a", "file": "x.png"},
+            False,
+            id="platform_tagged_flat_dict",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            {
+                CONF_PLATFORM: "file",
+                "defaults": {"type": "rgb565"},
+                "files": [{"id": "a", "file": "x.png"}],
+            },
+            False,
+            id="platform_tagged_defaults_files_dict",
+        ),
+        # `files:` without `platform:` is not legacy either -- the flattener has no branch for it.
+        pytest.param(
+            {
+                "defaults": {"type": "rgb565"},
+                "files": [{"id": "a", "file": "x.png"}],
+            },
+            False,
+            id="defaults_files_dict_without_platform",
+        ),
+        # Same as above in a list -- without this exclusion it would be silently
+        # migrated to a hard-coded `platform: file` instead of raising the error.
+        pytest.param(
+            [
+                {
+                    "defaults": {"type": "rgb565"},
+                    "files": [{"id": "a", "file": "x.png"}],
+                }
+            ],
+            False,
+            id="defaults_files_list_entry_without_platform",
+        ),
     ],
 )
 def test_is_legacy_image_format(config: object, expected: bool) -> None:
@@ -359,39 +408,313 @@ def test_is_legacy_image_format(config: object, expected: bool) -> None:
 def test_migrate_returns_none_for_invalid_legacy_shapes(
     config: object, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
 ) -> None:
-    """Unrecognised shapes are not migrated (and emit no warning) so normal
-    platform validation surfaces a proper error instead of silently dropping
-    the offending input."""
+    """Unrecognised shapes are not migrated (and emit no warning), so normal platform validation reports them."""
     with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
         assert _migrate_legacy_image_config(config) is None
     assert "deprecated" not in caplog.text
 
 
+def test_migrate_returns_none_for_mapping_form_defaults_files() -> None:
+    """A `platform:`-tagged `defaults:`/`files:` mapping must not be swallowed by the legacy migrator."""
+    config = {
+        CONF_PLATFORM: "file",
+        "defaults": {"type": "rgb565"},
+        "files": [{"id": "a", "file": "a.png"}],
+    }
+    assert _migrate_legacy_image_config(config) is None
+
+
+def test_migrate_returns_none_for_defaults_files_dict_without_platform() -> None:
+    """`defaults:`/`files:` without `platform:` must not be swallowed either -- the flattener has
+    no `files:` branch and would silently return `[]`."""
+    config = {
+        "defaults": {"type": "rgb565"},
+        "files": [{"id": "a", "file": "a.png"}],
+    }
+    assert _migrate_legacy_image_config(config) is None
+
+
+def test_migrate_returns_none_for_defaults_files_list_entry_without_platform() -> None:
+    """Same, in a list -- previously the list branch migrated it to a hard-coded
+    `platform: file` instead of raising a missing-platform error."""
+    config = [
+        {
+            "defaults": {"type": "rgb565"},
+            "files": [{"id": "a", "file": "a.png"}],
+        }
+    ]
+    assert _migrate_legacy_image_config(config) is None
+
+
 # --------------------------- end legacy migration --------------------------
 
 
+def test_expand_platform_entry_passes_through_plain_entry() -> None:
+    entry = {CONF_PLATFORM: "file", "id": "a", "file": "x.png"}
+    assert _expand_platform_entry(0, entry) == [entry]
+
+
+def test_expand_platform_entry_expands_files_with_defaults() -> None:
+    entry = {
+        CONF_PLATFORM: "file",
+        CONF_DEFAULTS: {"type": "RGB565", "transparency": "opaque"},
+        CONF_FILES: [
+            {"id": "img1", "file": "foo.png"},
+            {"id": "img2", "file": "bar.png", "type": "GRAYSCALE"},
+        ],
+    }
+    assert _expand_platform_entry(0, entry) == [
+        {
+            CONF_PLATFORM: "file",
+            "id": "img1",
+            "file": "foo.png",
+            "type": "RGB565",
+            "transparency": "opaque",
+        },
+        {
+            CONF_PLATFORM: "file",
+            "id": "img2",
+            "file": "bar.png",
+            "type": "GRAYSCALE",
+            "transparency": "opaque",
+        },
+    ]
+
+
+def test_expand_platform_entry_files_without_defaults() -> None:
+    entry = {
+        CONF_PLATFORM: "file",
+        CONF_FILES: [{"id": "img1", "file": "foo.png"}],
+    }
+    assert _expand_platform_entry(0, entry) == [
+        {CONF_PLATFORM: "file", "id": "img1", "file": "foo.png"}
+    ]
+
+
+def test_expand_platform_entry_preserves_source_range() -> None:
+    """A merged entry keeps the source range of its `files:` item so whole-entry errors anchor there."""
+    from esphome import yaml_util
+
+    file_entry = yaml_util.make_data_base({"id": "img1", "file": "foo.png"})
+    file_entry._esp_range = "sentinel-range"
+    entry = {
+        CONF_PLATFORM: "file",
+        CONF_DEFAULTS: {"type": "RGB565"},
+        CONF_FILES: [file_entry],
+    }
+    [out] = _expand_platform_entry(0, entry)
+    assert isinstance(out, yaml_util.ESPHomeDataBase)
+    assert out.esp_range == "sentinel-range"
+
+
+def test_expand_platform_entry_plain_dict_file_entry_has_no_source_range() -> None:
+    """Plain-dict `files:` items must not crash -- `from_database` reads `.esp_range` unconditionally."""
+    entry = {
+        CONF_PLATFORM: "file",
+        CONF_FILES: [{"id": "img1", "file": "foo.png"}],
+    }
+    [out] = _expand_platform_entry(0, entry)
+    assert out == {CONF_PLATFORM: "file", "id": "img1", "file": "foo.png"}
+
+
+def test_expand_platform_entry_per_file_overrides_win() -> None:
+    entry = {
+        CONF_PLATFORM: "file",
+        CONF_DEFAULTS: {"type": "RGB565"},
+        CONF_FILES: [{"id": "img1", "file": "foo.png", "type": "BINARY"}],
+    }
+    [out] = _expand_platform_entry(0, entry)
+    assert out["type"] == "BINARY"
+
+
+def test_expand_platform_entry_drops_byte_order_for_non_endian_override() -> None:
+    """A `byte_order` default merged into a non-endian override is dropped, as the legacy flattener did."""
+    entry = {
+        CONF_PLATFORM: "file",
+        CONF_DEFAULTS: {"type": "rgb565", "byte_order": "little_endian"},
+        CONF_FILES: [
+            {"id": "a", "file": "x.png"},
+            {"id": "b", "file": "y.png", "type": "binary"},
+        ],
+    }
+    out = _expand_platform_entry(0, entry)
+    assert out[0]["byte_order"] == "little_endian"
+    assert "byte_order" not in out[1]
+
+
+def test_expand_platform_entry_invalid_byte_order_in_defaults_raises() -> None:
+    """A dropped `byte_order` inherited from `defaults:` is still validated, so a typo raises."""
+    entry = {
+        CONF_PLATFORM: "file",
+        CONF_DEFAULTS: {"type": "rgb565", "byte_order": "little_andian"},
+        CONF_FILES: [{"id": "a", "file": "x.png", "type": "binary"}],
+    }
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="did you mean") as excinfo:
+        _expand_platform_entry(0, entry)
+    assert excinfo.value.path == [0]
+
+
+def test_expand_platform_entry_keeps_byte_order_for_endian_override() -> None:
+    entry = {
+        CONF_PLATFORM: "file",
+        CONF_DEFAULTS: {"type": "rgb565", "byte_order": "big_endian"},
+        CONF_FILES: [{"id": "a", "file": "x.png", "type": "rgb565"}],
+    }
+    [out] = _expand_platform_entry(0, entry)
+    assert out["byte_order"] == "big_endian"
+
+
+def test_expand_platform_entry_keeps_explicit_byte_order_conflict() -> None:
+    """A `byte_order` written directly on the entry is kept so validate_settings raises the normal error."""
+    entry = {
+        CONF_PLATFORM: "file",
+        CONF_DEFAULTS: {"type": "rgb565"},
+        CONF_FILES: [
+            {
+                "id": "a",
+                "file": "x.png",
+                "type": "binary",
+                "byte_order": "little_endian",
+            }
+        ],
+    }
+    [out] = _expand_platform_entry(0, entry)
+    assert out["byte_order"] == "little_endian"
+
+
+def test_expand_platform_entry_defaults_without_files_raises() -> None:
+    entry = {CONF_PLATFORM: "file", CONF_DEFAULTS: {"type": "RGB565"}}
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="may only be used together with") as excinfo:
+        _expand_platform_entry(0, entry)
+    assert excinfo.value.path == [0]
+
+
+def test_expand_platform_entry_null_files_raises_not_empty() -> None:
+    """A `files:` key with no value parses to `None` and must be reported clearly."""
+    entry = {CONF_PLATFORM: "file", CONF_DEFAULTS: {"type": "RGB565"}, CONF_FILES: None}
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="must not be empty"):
+        _expand_platform_entry(0, entry)
+
+
+def test_expand_platform_entry_empty_files_list_raises_not_empty() -> None:
+    """An explicit `files: []` must not silently drop the whole platform entry."""
+    entry = {CONF_PLATFORM: "file", CONF_FILES: []}
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="must not be empty"):
+        _expand_platform_entry(0, entry)
+
+
+def test_expand_platform_entry_files_with_stray_key_raises() -> None:
+    entry = {
+        CONF_PLATFORM: "file",
+        CONF_FILES: [{"id": "a", "file": "x.png"}],
+        "extra": 1,
+    }
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="cannot be combined with"):
+        _expand_platform_entry(0, entry)
+
+
+def test_expand_platform_entry_id_in_defaults_raises() -> None:
+    entry = {
+        CONF_PLATFORM: "file",
+        CONF_DEFAULTS: {CONF_ID: "a"},
+        CONF_FILES: [{"file": "x.png"}],
+    }
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="not allowed inside"):
+        _expand_platform_entry(0, entry)
+
+
+def test_expand_platform_entry_platform_in_defaults_raises() -> None:
+    """`platform:` inside `defaults:` would silently reassign every file's platform."""
+    entry = {
+        CONF_PLATFORM: "file",
+        CONF_DEFAULTS: {CONF_PLATFORM: "animation"},
+        CONF_FILES: [{"id": "a", "file": "x.png"}],
+    }
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="not allowed inside"):
+        _expand_platform_entry(0, entry)
+
+
+def test_expand_platform_entry_platform_in_file_entry_raises() -> None:
+    """`platform:` on a `files:` item must not silently override the entry's platform."""
+    entry = {
+        CONF_PLATFORM: "file",
+        CONF_FILES: [{"id": "a", "file": "x.png", CONF_PLATFORM: "animation"}],
+    }
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="not allowed inside"):
+        _expand_platform_entry(0, entry)
+
+
+def test_expand_platform_entry_files_not_list_raises() -> None:
+    entry = {CONF_PLATFORM: "file", CONF_FILES: "not-a-list"}
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="must be a list"):
+        _expand_platform_entry(0, entry)
+
+
+def test_expand_platform_entry_defaults_not_mapping_raises() -> None:
+    entry = {
+        CONF_PLATFORM: "file",
+        CONF_DEFAULTS: "not-a-mapping",
+        CONF_FILES: [{"id": "a", "file": "x.png"}],
+    }
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="must be a mapping"):
+        _expand_platform_entry(0, entry)
+
+
+def test_expand_platform_entry_file_item_not_mapping_raises() -> None:
+    entry = {CONF_PLATFORM: "file", CONF_FILES: [1, 2]}
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="must be a mapping"):
+        _expand_platform_entry(0, entry)
+
+
+def test_expand_platform_config_mixes_plain_and_expanded_entries() -> None:
+    config = [
+        {
+            CONF_PLATFORM: "file",
+            CONF_DEFAULTS: {"type": "RGB565"},
+            CONF_FILES: [
+                {"id": "img1", "file": "foo.png"},
+                {"id": "img2", "file": "bar.png"},
+            ],
+        },
+        {CONF_PLATFORM: "file", "id": "plain", "file": "baz.png", "type": "BINARY"},
+    ]
+    out = expand_platform_config(config)
+    assert [entry["id"] for entry in out] == ["img1", "img2", "plain"]
+
+
+def test_expand_platform_config_ignores_non_platform_entries() -> None:
+    # Not expanded here -- legacy_config_migrate runs before this hook and is
+    # responsible for tagging/flattening pre-platform shapes.
+    config = ["not-a-platform-entry"]
+    assert expand_platform_config(config) == config
+
+
+# --------------------- end defaults/files expansion -------------------------
+
+
 def test_validate_image_final_defaults_to_little_endian() -> None:
-    out = validate_image_final({CONF_FILE: "x.png"})
-    assert out[CONF_BYTE_ORDER] == "LITTLE_ENDIAN"
+    config = {CONF_FILE: "x.png"}
+    validate_image_final(config)
+    assert config[CONF_BYTE_ORDER] == "LITTLE_ENDIAN"
 
 
 def test_validate_image_final_keeps_little_endian(
     caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
 ) -> None:
+    config = {CONF_FILE: "x.png", CONF_BYTE_ORDER: "LITTLE_ENDIAN"}
     with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
-        out = validate_image_final(
-            {CONF_FILE: "x.png", CONF_BYTE_ORDER: "LITTLE_ENDIAN"}
-        )
-    assert out[CONF_BYTE_ORDER] == "LITTLE_ENDIAN"
+        validate_image_final(config)
+    assert config[CONF_BYTE_ORDER] == "LITTLE_ENDIAN"
     assert "big-endian" not in caplog.text
 
 
 def test_validate_image_final_warns_on_big_endian(
     caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
 ) -> None:
+    config = {CONF_FILE: "x.png", CONF_BYTE_ORDER: "BIG_ENDIAN"}
     with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
-        out = validate_image_final({CONF_FILE: "x.png", CONF_BYTE_ORDER: "BIG_ENDIAN"})
-    assert out[CONF_BYTE_ORDER] == "BIG_ENDIAN"
+        validate_image_final(config)
+    assert config[CONF_BYTE_ORDER] == "BIG_ENDIAN"
     assert "big-endian" in caplog.text
 
 
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/ld6002b/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/ld6002b/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/ld6002b/test_final_validate.py b/tests/component_tests/ld6002b/test_final_validate.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0bb091533b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/ld6002b/test_final_validate.py
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+"""Tests for the ld6002b validators that reach across platforms.
+
+wake needs a pin on its own hub, apply_area needs a select on its own hub, and
+area_config needs both a button and a select on its own hub.  Every one of them
+is a same-instance check, which is the half that breaks quietly.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.components.ld6002b.button import (
+    CONFIG_SCHEMA as BUTTON_CONFIG_SCHEMA,
+    FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA as BUTTON_FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA,
+)
+from esphome.components.ld6002b.const import CONF_AREA_CONFIG, CONF_Z_MIN
+from esphome.components.ld6002b.number import (
+    CONFIG_SCHEMA as NUMBER_CONFIG_SCHEMA,
+    FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA as NUMBER_FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA,
+)
+from esphome.config import Config
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_AREA_ID,
+    CONF_BUTTON,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_WAKEUP_PIN,
+    PlatformFramework,
+)
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+from tests.component_tests.types import SetCoreConfigCallable
+
+HUB_ID = "ld6002b_hub"
+OTHER_HUB_ID = "ld6002b_other"
+
+
+def _full_config(
+    hub: ConfigType,
+    *,
+    selects: list[ConfigType] | None = None,
+    buttons: list[ConfigType] | None = None,
+) -> Config:
+    """A full config carrying one ld6002b hub, as the ID pass leaves it.
+
+    final_validate resolves the hub through get_path_for_id, so the declaring
+    path has to be registered the way validate_config registers it: the path of
+    the id value itself, whose parent is the hub's own config.
+
+    The platform lists are what the cross-platform validators scan, so a test can
+    say which of them exist and which hub each one names.
+    """
+    full = Config()
+    full["ld6002b"] = [hub]
+    full.declare_ids.append((hub[CONF_ID], ["ld6002b", 0, CONF_ID]))
+    if selects is not None:
+        full["select"] = selects
+    if buttons is not None:
+        full[CONF_BUTTON] = buttons
+    return full
+
+
+def _hub(*, wakeup_pin: bool) -> ConfigType:
+    hub: ConfigType = {CONF_ID: ID(HUB_ID, is_declaration=True, type="ld6002b")}
+    if wakeup_pin:
+        hub[CONF_WAKEUP_PIN] = {"number": 4}
+    return hub
+
+
+def _buttons(**buttons: str) -> ConfigType:
+    """A button platform config naming the given buttons on the shared hub."""
+    config: ConfigType = {
+        "ld6002b_id": ID(HUB_ID, is_declaration=False, type="ld6002b")
+    }
+    config.update({key: {"name": name} for key, name in buttons.items()})
+    return config
+
+
+def _select(*, hub_id: str = HUB_ID) -> ConfigType:
+    """A select platform config naming area_id on the given hub."""
+    return {
+        "ld6002b_id": ID(hub_id, is_declaration=False, type="ld6002b"),
+        CONF_AREA_ID: {"name": "Area ID"},
+    }
+
+
+def _area_numbers(*, hub_id: str = HUB_ID) -> ConfigType:
+    """A number platform config carrying one area_config bound."""
+    return {
+        "ld6002b_id": ID(hub_id, is_declaration=False, type="ld6002b"),
+        CONF_AREA_CONFIG: {CONF_Z_MIN: {"name": "Area Z Min"}},
+    }
+
+
+def _validated(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """Run the button schema, then the final validation the hub is checked in."""
+    config = BUTTON_CONFIG_SCHEMA(config)
+    BUTTON_FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA(config)
+    return config
+
+
+def _validated_numbers(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """The same two passes for the number platform."""
+    config = NUMBER_CONFIG_SCHEMA(config)
+    NUMBER_FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA(config)
+    return config
+
+
+def test_wake_without_wakeup_pin_is_rejected(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """The wake button drives the pin directly, so a hub without one cannot serve it."""
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF, full_config=_full_config(_hub(wakeup_pin=False))
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="wake requires wakeup_pin"):
+        _validated(_buttons(wake="Wake"))
+
+
+def test_wake_with_wakeup_pin_passes(set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable) -> None:
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF, full_config=_full_config(_hub(wakeup_pin=True))
+    )
+
+    _validated(_buttons(wake="Wake"))
+
+
+def test_other_buttons_do_not_need_the_pin(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """Only wake drives the pin; the query buttons stay usable without one."""
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF, full_config=_full_config(_hub(wakeup_pin=False))
+    )
+
+    _validated(_buttons(get_delay="Get Delay"))
+
+
+def test_apply_area_without_select_is_rejected(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """apply_area sends the staged bounds to whichever area the select names."""
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF, full_config=_full_config(_hub(wakeup_pin=False))
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(
+        cv.Invalid,
+        match=(
+            r"^apply_area requires select\.area_id for the same ld6002b instance"
+            r" @ data\['apply_area'\]$"
+        ),
+    ):
+        _validated(_buttons(apply_area="Apply Area"))
+
+
+def test_apply_area_select_on_another_hub_is_rejected(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """A select exists, but on a second ld6002b -- which cannot serve this one."""
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        full_config=_full_config(
+            _hub(wakeup_pin=False), selects=[_select(hub_id=OTHER_HUB_ID)]
+        ),
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(
+        cv.Invalid,
+        match=(
+            r"^apply_area requires select\.area_id for the same ld6002b instance"
+            r" @ data\['apply_area'\]$"
+        ),
+    ):
+        _validated(_buttons(apply_area="Apply Area"))
+
+
+def test_area_config_without_apply_area_is_rejected(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """The six numbers only stage a write; apply_area is what sends it."""
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        full_config=_full_config(_hub(wakeup_pin=False), selects=[_select()]),
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(
+        cv.Invalid,
+        match=(
+            r"^area_config requires button\.apply_area for the same ld6002b instance"
+            r" @ data\['area_config'\]$"
+        ),
+    ):
+        _validated_numbers(_area_numbers())
+
+
+def test_area_config_without_select_is_rejected(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """The validator's other half: the staged bounds also need an area to land in."""
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        full_config=_full_config(
+            _hub(wakeup_pin=False), buttons=[_buttons(apply_area="Apply Area")]
+        ),
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(
+        cv.Invalid,
+        match=(
+            r"^area_config requires select\.area_id for the same ld6002b instance"
+            r" @ data\['area_config'\]$"
+        ),
+    ):
+        _validated_numbers(_area_numbers())
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/lvgl/config/dropdown_update_fires_event_test.yaml b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/config/dropdown_update_fires_event_test.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2fe59b2f1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/config/dropdown_update_fires_event_test.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test-dropdown-update-event
+  on_boot:
+    - lvgl.dropdown.update:
+        id: test_dropdown
+        selected_index: 2
+
+esp32:
+  board: lolin_c3_mini
+
+spi:
+  mosi_pin:
+    number: GPIO2
+    ignore_strapping_warning: true
+  clk_pin: GPIO1
+
+display:
+  - platform: mipi_spi
+    data_rate: 20MHz
+    model: st7735
+    cs_pin:
+      number: GPIO8
+      ignore_strapping_warning: true
+    dc_pin: GPIO3
+
+lvgl:
+  widgets:
+    - dropdown:
+        id: test_dropdown
+        options:
+          - First
+          - Second
+          - Third
+        on_update:
+          - lambda: |-
+              ESP_LOGD("test", "dropdown updated");
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/lvgl/config/list_on_add_lvgl_action_test.yaml b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/config/list_on_add_lvgl_action_test.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..875974a227
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/config/list_on_add_lvgl_action_test.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test-list-on-add-lvgl-action
+
+esp32:
+  board: lolin_c3_mini
+
+spi:
+  mosi_pin:
+    number: GPIO2
+    ignore_strapping_warning: true
+  clk_pin: GPIO1
+
+display:
+  - platform: mipi_spi
+    data_rate: 20MHz
+    model: st7735
+    cs_pin:
+      number: GPIO8
+      ignore_strapping_warning: true
+    dc_pin: GPIO3
+
+lvgl:
+  widgets:
+    - label:
+        id: later_label
+        text: orig
+    - list:
+        id: test_list
+        on_add:
+          - lvgl.label.update:
+              id: later_label
+              text: "changed"
+        on_remove:
+          - lvgl.label.update:
+              id: later_label
+              text: "removed"
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/lvgl/config/list_outside_block_test.yaml b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/config/list_outside_block_test.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4440734899
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/config/list_outside_block_test.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test-list-outside-block
+  on_boot:
+    priority: -100
+    then:
+      - lvgl.list.add:
+          id: test_list
+          switch:
+            transform_rotation: 100
+            drop_shadow_color: 0x000000
+            bg_image_src: my_image
+
+esp32:
+  board: lolin_c3_mini
+
+spi:
+  mosi_pin:
+    number: GPIO2
+    ignore_strapping_warning: true
+  clk_pin: GPIO1
+
+display:
+  - platform: mipi_spi
+    data_rate: 20MHz
+    model: st7735
+    cs_pin:
+      number: GPIO8
+      ignore_strapping_warning: true
+    dc_pin: GPIO3
+
+image:
+  - platform: file
+    file: mdi:battery
+    id: my_image
+    resize: 8x8
+    type: binary
+
+lvgl:
+  widgets:
+    - list:
+        id: test_list
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/lvgl/config/list_test.yaml b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/config/list_test.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b5b73478d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/config/list_test.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test-list
+
+esp32:
+  board: lolin_c3_mini
+
+spi:
+  mosi_pin:
+    number: GPIO2
+    ignore_strapping_warning: true
+  clk_pin: GPIO1
+
+display:
+  - platform: mipi_spi
+    data_rate: 20MHz
+    model: st7735
+    cs_pin:
+      number: GPIO8
+      ignore_strapping_warning: true
+    dc_pin: GPIO3
+
+lvgl:
+  theme:
+    label:
+      bg_color: 0xFF0000
+  widgets:
+    - list:
+        id: test_list
+        pad_row: 4
+        on_add:
+          - delay: 10ms
+          - delay: 20ms
+        on_remove:
+          - delay: 10ms
+    - button:
+        id: trigger_button
+        text: "Trigger"
+        on_click:
+          - lvgl.list.add_text:
+              id: test_list
+              text: "Header"
+          - lvgl.list.add_text:
+              id: test_list
+              text: "Pinned"
+              index: 0
+          - lvgl.list.add:
+              id: test_list
+              button:
+                text: "Entry"
+                checkable: true
+          - lvgl.list.add:
+              id: test_list
+              index: 1
+              obj:
+                widgets:
+                  - label:
+                      text: "Nested"
+                  - dropdown:
+                      options:
+                        - "One"
+                        - "Two"
+          - lvgl.list.add:
+              id: test_list
+              obj:
+                widgets:
+                  - obj:
+                      widgets:
+                        - label:
+                            text: "Grandchild"
+          - lvgl.list.remove:
+              id: test_list
+              index: 0
+          - lvgl.list.clear:
+              id: test_list
+          - lvgl.list.update:
+              id: test_list
+              pad_row: 8
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/lvgl/test_dropdown_update_fires_event.py b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/test_dropdown_update_fires_event.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1e034ad6eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/test_dropdown_update_fires_event.py
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+"""Regression test: lvgl.dropdown.update with selected_index must fire on_value/on_update.
+
+LvSelect (backing both dropdown and roller) did not set `value_property`, so the generic
+update-action machinery in automation.py never sent the synthetic update event for a
+`selected_index:` change made via `lvgl.dropdown.update`/`lvgl.roller.update`, unlike `value:`
+on number widgets or `text:` on text widgets. Fixed by setting `LvSelect.value_property` to
+`CONF_SELECTED_INDEX`.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.__main__ import generate_cpp_contents
+from esphome.config import read_config
+from esphome.core import CORE
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
+def main_cpp(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> str:
+    config_path = (
+        Path(request.fspath).parent / "config" / "dropdown_update_fires_event_test.yaml"
+    )
+    original_path = CORE.config_path
+    try:
+        CORE.config_path = config_path
+        CORE.config = read_config({})
+        generate_cpp_contents(CORE.config)
+        return CORE.cpp_main_section
+    finally:
+        CORE.config_path = original_path
+        CORE.reset()
+
+
+def test_dropdown_update_sends_update_event(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    assert (
+        "lv_obj_send_event(test_dropdown->obj, lvgl::lv_update_event, nullptr)"
+        in main_cpp
+    )
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/lvgl/test_list.py b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/test_list.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..93ee162f1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/test_list.py
@@ -0,0 +1,403 @@
+"""Tests for the LVGL ``list`` widget: schema validation for its actions
+(``lvgl.list.add_text``/``add``/``remove``/``clear``) and the code they generate.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.__main__ import generate_cpp_contents
+from esphome.components.lvgl.widgets.lv_list import (
+    LIST_CREATE_SCHEMA,
+    LIST_REMOVE_SCHEMA,
+    LIST_SCHEMA,
+    list_add_schema,
+)
+from esphome.config import read_config
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.core import CORE
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# lvgl.list.add schema: id + optional index + exactly one widget-type key
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestListAddSchema:
+    def test_valid_single_widget(self) -> None:
+        result = list_add_schema({"id": "my_list", "label": {"text": "hi"}})
+        assert result["id"].id == "my_list"
+        assert "widget" in result
+
+    def test_index_optional_and_templatable(self) -> None:
+        result = list_add_schema({"id": "my_list", "index": 2, "label": {"text": "hi"}})
+        assert result["index"] == 2
+
+    def test_index_omitted_when_not_given(self) -> None:
+        result = list_add_schema({"id": "my_list", "label": {"text": "hi"}})
+        assert "index" not in result
+
+    def test_missing_id_rejected(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="required key 'id' not provided"):
+            list_add_schema({"label": {"text": "hi"}})
+
+    def test_no_widget_key_rejected(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="exactly one widget definition"):
+            list_add_schema({"id": "my_list"})
+
+    def test_two_widget_keys_rejected(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="exactly one widget definition"):
+            list_add_schema(
+                {
+                    "id": "my_list",
+                    "label": {"text": "a"},
+                    "button": {"text": "b"},
+                }
+            )
+
+    def test_non_mapping_rejected(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="Expected a mapping"):
+            list_add_schema("not_a_mapping")
+
+    def test_any_registered_widget_type_accepted(self) -> None:
+        for widget_key, widget_conf in (
+            ("checkbox", {"text": "Option"}),
+            ("switch", {}),
+            ("spinner", {}),
+            ("obj", {}),
+            ("dropdown", {"options": ["a", "b"]}),
+        ):
+            result = list_add_schema({"id": "my_list", widget_key: widget_conf})
+            assert widget_key in result["widget"][0]
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        ("widget_key", "widget_conf"),
+        [
+            ("buttonmatrix", {"rows": [{"buttons": [{"text": "A"}]}]}),
+            ("tabview", {"tabs": [{"name": "Tab1"}]}),
+            ("tileview", {"tiles": [{"row": 0, "column": 0}]}),
+            ("meter", {"scales": [{"range_from": 0, "range_to": 100}]}),
+            ("canvas", {"width": 20, "height": 20}),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_dynamic_widget_unsupported_rejected(
+        self, widget_key: str, widget_conf: dict
+    ) -> None:
+        """buttonmatrix/tabview/tileview all register their own child widgets into
+        the global widget map from inside their to_code - fine for a widget built
+        once at boot, but broken if lvgl.list.add re-enters that on every call.
+        meter/canvas are rejected for a related but distinct reason: they declare a
+        Pvariable (meter's scale/indicator objects; canvas's draw buffer) with
+        cg.Pvariable()/cg.new_Pvariable(), which emits its assignment wherever code
+        is currently being generated -- fine at the top level of a boot-time
+        to_code, but lvgl.list.add's do_add runs inside a lambda. meter's assignment
+        would then end up outside the very lambda that declares the local object it
+        refers to (doesn't compile); canvas's Pvariable is declared once per config
+        site rather than per call, so every call overwrites its one draw buffer
+        (compiles, but leaks the old buffer and shares one buffer across every row).
+        """
+        with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="cannot be used with lvgl.list.add"):
+            list_add_schema({"id": "my_list", widget_key: widget_conf})
+
+    def test_dynamic_widget_unsupported_rejected_when_nested(self) -> None:
+        """The check must recurse into `widgets:` so a tabview hidden a few levels
+        deep inside another widget is caught too, not just at the top level.
+        """
+        with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="cannot be used with lvgl.list.add"):
+            list_add_schema(
+                {
+                    "id": "my_list",
+                    "obj": {"widgets": [{"tabview": {"tabs": [{"name": "Tab1"}]}}]},
+                }
+            )
+
+    def test_explicit_id_rejected(self) -> None:
+        """A dynamically-added widget is LocalVariable-scoped and rebuilt fresh
+        on every call, never registered anywhere an id could be looked up by --
+        an explicit id: would otherwise validate fine and then fail confusingly
+        (an uncaught traceback, not a clean config error) the moment anything
+        tries to reference it.
+        """
+        with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="'id' is not allowed"):
+            list_add_schema(
+                {"id": "my_list", "label": {"id": "dyn_label", "text": "hi"}}
+            )
+
+    def test_explicit_id_rejected_when_nested(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="'id' is not allowed"):
+            list_add_schema(
+                {
+                    "id": "my_list",
+                    "obj": {"widgets": [{"label": {"id": "dyn_label", "text": "hi"}}]},
+                }
+            )
+
+    def test_no_explicit_id_still_valid(self) -> None:
+        """An id is auto-generated (and simply unused) when none is given --
+        only an explicit one is rejected."""
+        result = list_add_schema({"id": "my_list", "label": {"text": "hi"}})
+        assert "id" in result["widget"][0]["label"]
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        ("key", "conf"),
+        [
+            ("on_swipe_left", [{"logger.log": "swiped"}]),
+            ("on_swipe_right", [{"logger.log": "swiped"}]),
+            ("on_swipe_up", [{"logger.log": "swiped"}]),
+            ("on_swipe_down", [{"logger.log": "swiped"}]),
+            ("on_boot", [{"logger.log": "booted"}]),
+            ("align_to", {"id": "some_other_widget", "align": "OUT_LEFT_TOP"}),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_unsupported_trigger_rejected(self, key: str, conf: list) -> None:
+        """_wire_dynamic_triggers only wires LV_EVENT_TRIGGERS/on_value/on_update --
+        on_swipe_*/on_boot would otherwise validate fine and then silently generate
+        nothing at all for a widget added via lvgl.list.add. align_to is in the same
+        bucket: it's only ever consumed by generate_triggers() reading
+        get_widget_map(), which a widget built via lvgl.list.add never enters.
+        """
+        with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="is not supported"):
+            list_add_schema({"id": "my_list", "obj": {key: conf}})
+
+    def test_unsupported_trigger_rejected_when_nested(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="is not supported"):
+            list_add_schema(
+                {
+                    "id": "my_list",
+                    "obj": {
+                        "widgets": [
+                            {
+                                "label": {
+                                    "text": "hi",
+                                    "on_swipe_left": [{"logger.log": "swiped"}],
+                                }
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    },
+                }
+            )
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# lvgl.list.remove: index must be non-negative -- LVGL treats a negative index as
+# counting back from the end, which would silently delete the wrong row while
+# reporting a list_index that matches nothing real to on_remove.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestListRemoveSchema:
+    def test_negative_index_rejected(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="at least 0"):
+            LIST_REMOVE_SCHEMA({"id": "my_list", "index": -1})
+
+    def test_zero_index_accepted(self) -> None:
+        result = LIST_REMOVE_SCHEMA({"id": "my_list", "index": 0})
+        assert result["index"] == 0
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# The list widget's own schema: pad_row is shared between create/update, but
+# on_add/on_remove only make sense at creation time.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestListCreateVsModifySchema:
+    def test_create_schema_has_pad_row_and_triggers(self) -> None:
+        keys = {str(k) for k in LIST_CREATE_SCHEMA.schema}
+        assert "pad_row" in keys
+        assert "on_add" in keys
+        assert "on_remove" in keys
+
+    def test_modify_schema_has_pad_row_but_not_triggers(self) -> None:
+        """``lvgl.list.update`` can change pad_row but can't (re-)declare triggers."""
+        keys = {str(k) for k in LIST_SCHEMA.schema}
+        assert "pad_row" in keys
+        assert "on_add" not in keys
+        assert "on_remove" not in keys
+
+    def test_on_add_single_automation_with_multiple_actions(self) -> None:
+        """A bare action list under on_add: is one automation with a multi-step
+        `then:`, not multiple independent automations.
+        """
+        config = LIST_CREATE_SCHEMA({"on_add": [{"delay": "10ms"}, {"delay": "20ms"}]})
+        assert len(config["on_add"]) == 1
+        assert len(config["on_add"][0]["then"]) == 2
+
+    def test_on_add_accepts_multiple_independent_automations(self) -> None:
+        """Each explicit `then:` entry gets its own Trigger, so on_add can fire
+        more than one independent automation.
+        """
+        config = LIST_CREATE_SCHEMA(
+            {
+                "on_add": [
+                    {"then": [{"delay": "10ms"}]},
+                    {"then": [{"delay": "20ms"}]},
+                ]
+            }
+        )
+        assert len(config["on_add"]) == 2
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Code generation
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
+def main_cpp(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> str:
+    """Generate the C++ output for the shared list-widget YAML config once per
+    module -- see test_widget_state.py for why this is module-scoped and
+    inlines the generate_main fixture logic rather than depending on it.
+    """
+    config_path = Path(request.fspath).parent / "config" / "list_test.yaml"
+    original_path = CORE.config_path
+    try:
+        CORE.config_path = config_path
+        CORE.config = read_config({})
+        generate_cpp_contents(CORE.config)
+        return CORE.cpp_global_section + CORE.cpp_main_section
+    finally:
+        CORE.config_path = original_path
+        CORE.reset()
+
+
+def test_pad_row_set_at_creation(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    assert "lv_obj_set_style_pad_row(test_list, 4, LV_PART_MAIN);" in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_pad_row_updated_via_update_action(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    assert "lv_obj_set_style_pad_row(test_list, 8, LV_PART_MAIN);" in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_add_text_appends(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    assert 'lv_list_add_text(test_list, "Header");' in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_add_text_with_index_moves_before_firing_on_add(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    """The index move must happen before on_add fires, so the reported
+    list_index reflects the entry's final position, not where it was appended.
+    """
+    assert (
+        'lv_obj_t *list_entry_VAR_ = lv_list_add_text(test_list, "Pinned");\n'
+        "        lv_obj_move_to_index(list_entry_VAR_, 0);\n"
+        "        triggerint_id->trigger(lvgl::lv_list_get_row_index(test_list, list_entry_VAR_));"
+    ) in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_add_button_with_checkable_flag(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    assert "lv_obj_t *dyn_button_VAR_ = lv_btn_create(test_list);" in main_cpp
+    assert (
+        "lv_obj_add_flag(dyn_button_VAR_, (lv_obj_flag_t)(LV_OBJ_FLAG_CHECKABLE));"
+        in main_cpp
+    )
+    assert (
+        'lv_label_set_text(lv_obj_get_child(dyn_button_VAR_, 0), "Entry");' in main_cpp
+    )
+
+
+def test_add_nested_hierarchy_with_compound_child(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    """`obj: {widgets: [label, dropdown]}` builds a plain label child and a
+    heap-allocated (compound) dropdown child, both parented to the new row.
+
+    The child variable names carry a `_1` (depth) suffix, distinguishing them
+    from the row's own top-level variable -- necessary so that a child of the
+    *same* widget type as its parent (e.g. `obj: {widgets: [{obj: {...}}]}`)
+    doesn't declare a C++ variable that shadows its own not-yet-initialized
+    self, silently parenting the child to garbage.
+    """
+    assert "lv_obj_t *dyn_obj_VAR_ = lv_obj_create(test_list);" in main_cpp
+    assert (
+        "lv_obj_t *dyn_label_1_VAR_ = lv_label_create(dyn_obj_VAR_);\n"
+        "            lv_obj_add_style(dyn_label_1_VAR_, _lv_theme_style_label_main_default, "
+        "(lv_state_t)(LV_PART_MAIN));\n"
+        '            lv_label_set_text(dyn_label_1_VAR_, "Nested");'
+    ) in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_add_applies_theme_styles_to_dynamic_widget(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    """A widget added via lvgl.list.add must pick up the same `theme:` styling a
+    statically-declared widget of the same type gets, not render unthemed.
+    """
+    assert (
+        "lv_obj_add_style(dyn_label_1_VAR_, _lv_theme_style_label_main_default, "
+        "(lv_state_t)(LV_PART_MAIN));"
+    ) in main_cpp
+    assert "LvDropdownType *dyn_dropdown_1_VAR_ = new LvDropdownType();" in main_cpp
+    assert "lv_dropdown_create(dyn_obj_VAR_)" in main_cpp
+    assert (
+        "lvgl::delete_lv_compound_on_delete<LvDropdownType>, LV_EVENT_DELETE, "
+        "dyn_dropdown_1_VAR_);"
+    ) in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_add_nested_same_type_child_does_not_shadow_parent(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    """A child of the same widget type as its parent (`obj: {widgets: [{obj:
+    ...}]}`) must get a distinct C++ variable name (or the child's declaration
+    would shadow its own not-yet-initialized self, parenting it to garbage --
+    compiling clean but for a -Wuninitialized warning). A grandchild of a third
+    type proves depth, not just type, drives the disambiguating suffix.
+    """
+    assert "lv_obj_t *dyn_obj_VAR_ = lv_obj_create(test_list);" in main_cpp
+    assert "lv_obj_t *dyn_obj_1_VAR_ = lv_obj_create(dyn_obj_VAR_);" in main_cpp
+    assert (
+        "lv_obj_t *dyn_label_2_VAR_ = lv_label_create(dyn_obj_1_VAR_);\n"
+        "                lv_obj_add_style(dyn_label_2_VAR_, _lv_theme_style_label_main_default, "
+        "(lv_state_t)(LV_PART_MAIN));\n"
+        '                lv_label_set_text(dyn_label_2_VAR_, "Grandchild");'
+    ) in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_add_moves_row_to_given_index_before_firing_on_add(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    assert (
+        "lv_obj_move_to_index(dyn_obj_VAR_, 1);\n"
+        "        triggerint_id->trigger(lvgl::lv_list_get_row_index(test_list, dyn_obj_VAR_));"
+    ) in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_on_add_fires_once_per_entry_via_shared_trigger(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    """A single on_add: automation means a single Trigger instance, reused by
+    every lvgl.list.add_text/add call site.
+    """
+    assert main_cpp.count("triggerint_id->trigger(lvgl::lv_list_get_row_index(") == 5
+
+
+def test_remove_guards_against_missing_child_and_fires_before_delete(
+    main_cpp: str,
+) -> None:
+    """The index is materialised into a local once (list_index_VAR_) and reused for
+    both the child lookup and the on_remove trigger, so a templatable index isn't
+    evaluated twice.
+    """
+    assert (
+        "int list_index_VAR_ = 0;\n"
+        "        {\n"
+        "            lv_obj_t *list_child_VAR_ = lvgl::lv_list_get_row_for_remove(test_list, list_index_VAR_);\n"
+        "            if (list_child_VAR_) {\n"
+        "                triggerint_id_2->trigger(list_index_VAR_);\n"
+        "                lv_obj_del(list_child_VAR_);"
+    ) in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_remove_out_of_range_lookup_uses_shared_cpp_helper(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    """The out-of-range lookup (and its log line) live in a single C++ helper --
+    lvgl::lv_list_get_row_for_remove() in lvgl_esphome.cpp -- rather than being
+    generated inline at every lvgl.list.remove call site, since a config can
+    have many of them and duplicating that logic (and its log string) at each
+    one would waste flash for no benefit.
+    """
+    assert (
+        "lv_obj_t *list_child_VAR_ = lvgl::lv_list_get_row_for_remove(test_list, list_index_VAR_);"
+        in main_cpp
+    )
+    assert "ESP_LOGV" not in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_clear_fires_on_remove_for_every_entry_then_cleans(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    assert (
+        "for (int list_index = (int) (lv_obj_get_child_count(test_list)) - 1; "
+        "list_index >= 0; list_index--) {\n"
+        "        triggerint_id_2->trigger(list_index);\n"
+        "    }\n"
+        "    lv_obj_clean(test_list);"
+    ) in main_cpp
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/lvgl/test_list_on_add_lvgl_action.py b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/test_list_on_add_lvgl_action.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2383adc251
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/test_list_on_add_lvgl_action.py
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+"""Regression test: on_add:/on_remove: containing an lvgl action must not deadlock.
+
+ListType.to_code() used to build the on_add/on_remove automations directly, during
+widget creation. Every lvgl action's to_code awaits wait_for_widgets(), which only
+resolves once *all* widgets - including the list itself - have finished being
+created. Building an automation containing an lvgl action from inside that same
+widget-creation walk therefore could never complete: codegen deadlocked with
+"Circular dependency detected!". Fixed by deferring the actual build_automation()
+call to finish_list_triggers(), run after set_widgets_completed(True) - and,
+critically, before generate_triggers(), which is what processes other widgets'
+on_click etc. automations that might reference this list (e.g. via lvgl.list.add),
+and which therefore need the list's own on_add/on_remove triggers to already exist.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.__main__ import generate_cpp_contents
+from esphome.config import read_config
+from esphome.core import CORE
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
+def main_cpp(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> str:
+    config_path = (
+        Path(request.fspath).parent / "config" / "list_on_add_lvgl_action_test.yaml"
+    )
+    original_path = CORE.config_path
+    try:
+        CORE.config_path = config_path
+        CORE.config = read_config({})
+        generate_cpp_contents(CORE.config)
+        return CORE.cpp_main_section
+    finally:
+        CORE.config_path = original_path
+        CORE.reset()
+
+
+def test_on_add_with_lvgl_action_does_not_deadlock(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    assert 'lv_label_set_text(later_label, "changed");' in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_on_remove_with_lvgl_action_does_not_deadlock(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    assert 'lv_label_set_text(later_label, "removed");' in main_cpp
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/lvgl/test_list_outside_block.py b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/test_list_outside_block.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..34c93a18e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/test_list_outside_block.py
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+"""Regression test for lvgl.list.add called from outside the lvgl: block.
+
+lv_list.py's list_add_to_code() must call _register_lv_uses() and
+_register_dynamic_widget_style_uses() before its first await (get_widgets(),
+which can block until the target list is defined) -- for an action referenced
+outside the lvgl: block, that wait can outlast lvgl's own to_code, which reads
+get_lv_uses()/get_styles_used() and flushes everything they drive (USE_LVGL_*
+defines, plus add_lv_use(image)/screen-transparency/A8-draw-support triggered
+by style properties) just once, near the end of its run. Every existing
+list_test.yaml call site lives inside lvgl: widgets:, so neither ordering
+requirement had any coverage.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.__main__ import generate_cpp_contents
+from esphome.config import read_config
+from esphome.core import CORE
+
+
+@dataclass
+class GeneratedOutput:
+    main_cpp: str
+    define_names: set[str]
+    lv_define_names: set[str]
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
+def generated(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> GeneratedOutput:
+    config_path = (
+        Path(request.fspath).parent / "config" / "list_outside_block_test.yaml"
+    )
+    original_path = CORE.config_path
+    try:
+        CORE.config_path = config_path
+        CORE.config = read_config({})
+        generate_cpp_contents(CORE.config)
+        # Copy out before CORE.reset() below clears these out from under us.
+        from esphome.components.lvgl import defines as df
+
+        return GeneratedOutput(
+            main_cpp=CORE.cpp_global_section + CORE.cpp_main_section,
+            define_names={d.name for d in CORE.defines},
+            lv_define_names=set(df.get_defines()),
+        )
+    finally:
+        CORE.config_path = original_path
+        CORE.reset()
+
+
+def test_dynamic_widget_creates_correctly(generated: GeneratedOutput) -> None:
+    assert (
+        "lv_obj_t *dyn_switch_VAR_ = lv_switch_create(test_list);" in generated.main_cpp
+    )
+
+
+def test_dynamic_widget_type_use_define_is_registered(
+    generated: GeneratedOutput,
+) -> None:
+    """The switch type is only ever referenced via the on_boot lvgl.list.add call
+    (never declared as a static widget), so USE_LVGL_SWITCH can only be present
+    if _register_lv_uses() ran in time for lvgl's own to_code to flush it.
+    """
+    assert "USE_LVGL_SWITCH" in generated.define_names
+    assert "USE_LVGL_LIST" in generated.define_names
+
+
+def test_dynamic_widget_style_use_defines_are_registered(
+    generated: GeneratedOutput,
+) -> None:
+    """bg_image_src/transform_rotation/drop_shadow_color are only ever set on
+    the dynamically-added switch (never on a static widget), so
+    USE_LVGL_IMAGE/LV_COLOR_SCREEN_TRANSP/LV_DRAW_SW_SUPPORT_A8 can only be
+    present if _register_dynamic_widget_style_uses() ran in time for lvgl's own
+    to_code to flush them.
+    """
+    assert "USE_LVGL_IMAGE" in generated.define_names
+    assert "LV_COLOR_SCREEN_TRANSP" in generated.lv_define_names
+    assert "LV_DRAW_SW_SUPPORT_A8" in generated.lv_define_names
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/mipi_rgb/test_mipi_rgb_config.py b/tests/component_tests/mipi_rgb/test_mipi_rgb_config.py
index e85327c0ab..ac8e111ddb 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/mipi_rgb/test_mipi_rgb_config.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/mipi_rgb/test_mipi_rgb_config.py
@@ -10,7 +10,13 @@ from esphome import config_validation as cv
 # via ch422g) can be validated by the mipi_rgb CONFIG_SCHEMA in this test.
 import esphome.components.ch422g  # noqa: F401
 from esphome.components.display import get_display_metadata
-from esphome.components.esp32 import KEY_BOARD, VARIANT_ESP32S3
+from esphome.components.esp32 import (
+    KEY_BOARD,
+    VARIANT_ESP32C3,
+    VARIANT_ESP32P4,
+    VARIANT_ESP32S3,
+    VARIANT_ESP32S31,
+)
 import esphome.components.pca9554  # noqa: F401
 import esphome.components.xl9535  # noqa: F401
 from esphome.const import (
@@ -135,3 +141,63 @@ def test_metadata_records_rotation(
 
     config = CONFIG_SCHEMA({**base, "id": "unrotated"})
     assert get_display_metadata(config["id"]).rotation == 0
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("variant", "board", "model"),
+    [
+        # ESP32-8048S070 is a real Sunton board wired for ESP32-S3 (e.g. its
+        # default de_pin is GPIO41, which doesn't exist on S31), so it is
+        # only meaningful as a config on that variant.
+        (VARIANT_ESP32S3, "esp32-s3-devkitc-1", "ESP32-8048S070"),
+        # P4 and S31 use the pin-agnostic CUSTOM model so this only checks
+        # that the chip itself is accepted, independent of board wiring.
+        (VARIANT_ESP32P4, "esp32-p4-evboard", "CUSTOM"),
+        # No dedicated board is registered for ESP32-S31 yet; an unknown board
+        # name simply skips per-board pin validation.
+        (VARIANT_ESP32S31, "esp32-s31-devkitc", "CUSTOM"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_configuration_succeeds_on_supported_variants(
+    variant: str, board: str, model: str, set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable
+) -> None:
+    """mipi_rgb requires a chip with an RGB LCD peripheral: S3, P4 or S31."""
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        platform_data={KEY_BOARD: board, KEY_VARIANT: variant},
+    )
+
+    from esphome.components.mipi_rgb.display import CONFIG_SCHEMA
+
+    config = {"model": model, "data_pins": DATA_PINS, "pclk_pin": 21}
+    if model == "CUSTOM":
+        config[CONF_INIT_SEQUENCE] = [[0xA0, 0x01]]
+        config[CONF_DIMENSIONS] = {CONF_WIDTH: 480, CONF_HEIGHT: 480}
+    CONFIG_SCHEMA(config)
+
+
+def test_only_on_variant_rejects_unsupported_variant(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """A variant without the RGB LCD peripheral (e.g. ESP32-C3) is rejected.
+
+    Exercises the exact ``only_on_variant`` call used by ``mipi_rgb.display``
+    directly, since building a full model config with GPIO numbers that are
+    also valid on an unsupported variant like ESP32-C3 is unrelated to what
+    this checks.
+    """
+    from esphome.components.esp32 import only_on_variant
+
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        platform_data={KEY_VARIANT: VARIANT_ESP32C3},
+    )
+
+    validator = only_on_variant(
+        supported=[VARIANT_ESP32S3, VARIANT_ESP32P4, VARIANT_ESP32S31]
+    )
+    with pytest.raises(
+        cv.Invalid,
+        match=r"This feature is only available on ESP32S3, ESP32P4, ESP32S31",
+    ):
+        validator({})
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/mitsubishi_cn105/fixtures/top_level_hub_with_legacy_climate_keys.yaml b/tests/component_tests/mitsubishi_cn105/fixtures/top_level_hub_with_legacy_climate_keys.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0226d680a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/mitsubishi_cn105/fixtures/top_level_hub_with_legacy_climate_keys.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+mitsubishi_cn105:
+  id: ac_hub
+
+climate:
+  - platform: mitsubishi_cn105
+    mitsubishi_cn105_id: ac_hub
+    name: AC
+    current_temperature_min_interval: 30s
+    uart_id: uart_bus
+    update_interval: 10s
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/mitsubishi_cn105/test_climate.py b/tests/component_tests/mitsubishi_cn105/test_climate.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e4e3da9c7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/mitsubishi_cn105/test_climate.py
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+"""Tests for Mitsubishi CN105 climate configuration migration diagnostics."""
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.components.mitsubishi_cn105 import climate
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.yaml_util import load_yaml
+
+
+def test_top_level_hub_rejects_leftover_legacy_climate_keys(
+    component_fixture_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    config = load_yaml(
+        component_fixture_path("top_level_hub_with_legacy_climate_keys.yaml")
+    )
+    CORE.raw_config = config
+
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid) as exc_info:
+        climate.CONFIG_SCHEMA(config["climate"][0])
+
+    message = str(exc_info.value)
+    assert "'current_temperature_min_interval'" in message
+    assert "'uart_id'" in message
+    assert "'update_interval'" in message
+    assert "top-level 'mitsubishi_cn105:' block" in message
+    assert "'telemetry_request_min_interval'" in message
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/modbus/test_modbus.py b/tests/component_tests/modbus/test_modbus.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0e53c55b50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/modbus/test_modbus.py
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+"""Tests for modbus configuration validation."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome import config_validation as cv
+from esphome.components import modbus
+from esphome.components.modbus import CONF_MODBUS_ID, _validate_server_address
+from esphome.const import CONF_ADDRESS
+
+
+def test_server_address_accepts_valid_unit_address() -> None:
+    # A normal unit address (1-247) is accepted and returned as an int.
+    assert _validate_server_address(1) == 1
+    assert _validate_server_address(247) == 247
+
+
+def test_server_address_accepts_hex_string() -> None:
+    # hex_uint8_t parses hex strings, and the validator returns the parsed int.
+    assert _validate_server_address("0x10") == 0x10
+
+
+def test_server_address_zero_rejected() -> None:
+    # Address 0 is the Modbus broadcast address and cannot identify a server device.
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="broadcast address"):
+        _validate_server_address(0)
+
+
+def test_server_schema_rejects_address_zero() -> None:
+    # The server-role schema wires in _validate_server_address, so address 0 is rejected there too.
+    schema = modbus.modbus_device_schema(0x01, role="server")
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="broadcast address"):
+        schema({CONF_MODBUS_ID: "hub", CONF_ADDRESS: 0})
+
+
+def test_client_schema_still_accepts_address_zero() -> None:
+    # Not rejected for clients today, but not supported either: a client broadcast gets no reply and
+    # stalls the hub for the full send-wait.
+    schema = modbus.modbus_device_schema(0x01)
+    assert schema({CONF_MODBUS_ID: "hub", CONF_ADDRESS: 0})[CONF_ADDRESS] == 0
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/modbus_client/test_modbus_client.py b/tests/component_tests/modbus_client/test_modbus_client.py
index 10f9bc588e..cab944d825 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/modbus_client/test_modbus_client.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/modbus_client/test_modbus_client.py
@@ -7,14 +7,22 @@ guard is a safety property: these tests pin it to every handler slot.
 import pytest
 
 from esphome import config_validation as cv
+from esphome.components import modbus_client
 from esphome.components.modbus_client import (
     CONF_ON_NO_RESPONSE,
     CONF_ON_NOT_SENT,
     CONF_ON_SENT,
     CONF_PDU,
+    CONFIG_SCHEMA,
     MODBUS_CLIENT_SEND_SCHEMA,
 )
-from esphome.const import CONF_ADDRESS, CONF_ON_ERROR, CONF_ON_RESPONSE
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ADDRESS,
+    CONF_CONTINUOUS,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_ON_ERROR,
+    CONF_ON_RESPONSE,
+)
 from esphome.core import Lambda
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
@@ -114,3 +122,66 @@ def test_on_no_response_retry_lambda_accepted() -> None:
             },
         }
     )
+
+
+def test_continuous_on_write_pdu_rejected() -> None:
+    """A literal write-code PDU with continuous: true is rejected at config time (reads only)."""
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="does not apply to a write PDU"):
+        MODBUS_CLIENT_SEND_SCHEMA(
+            {
+                CONF_ADDRESS: 0x01,
+                CONF_PDU: [0x06, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x0A],
+                CONF_CONTINUOUS: True,
+            }
+        )
+
+
+def test_continuous_on_read_pdu_accepted() -> None:
+    """A literal read-code PDU with continuous: true is fine - continuous polling applies to reads."""
+    MODBUS_CLIENT_SEND_SCHEMA(
+        {
+            CONF_ADDRESS: 0x01,
+            CONF_PDU: [0x03, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01],
+            CONF_CONTINUOUS: True,
+        }
+    )
+
+
+# The standalone component block. The compile fixtures cover the accepted shapes end to end; these pin
+# the parts a fixture cannot express - a rejection, and a module flag whose absence breaks other
+# components rather than this one.
+
+
+def test_component_requires_an_address() -> None:
+    """The address identifies the device on the bus, so there is no sensible default."""
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match=CONF_ADDRESS):
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA({CONF_ID: "bare_client"})
+
+
+def test_component_requires_an_id() -> None:
+    """The device is reachable only through id() in a lambda, so a generated id would be dead config."""
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match=CONF_ID):
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA({CONF_ADDRESS: 0x01})
+
+
+def test_component_accepts_an_id_and_address() -> None:
+    """modbus_id stays optional: it resolves to the single hub when only one is declared."""
+    config = CONFIG_SCHEMA({CONF_ID: "bare_client", CONF_ADDRESS: 0x01})
+    assert config[CONF_ADDRESS] == 0x01
+
+
+def test_component_rejects_an_out_of_range_address() -> None:
+    """A Modbus device address is one byte."""
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid):
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA({CONF_ID: "bare_client", CONF_ADDRESS: 0x100})
+
+
+def test_multi_conf_no_default_is_set() -> None:
+    """Load-bearing: the modbus hub auto-loads this component to register its actions.
+
+    Without MULTI_CONF_NO_DEFAULT that auto-load builds a default entry, which then fails the required
+    address above - breaking every configuration that uses modbus but never declares a modbus_client
+    block. validate-autoload.esp32-idf.yaml covers the same path end to end; this names the reason.
+    """
+    assert modbus_client.MULTI_CONF is True
+    assert modbus_client.MULTI_CONF_NO_DEFAULT is True
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/modbus_controller/test_custom_pdu.py b/tests/component_tests/modbus_controller/test_custom_pdu.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a3a18da07f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/modbus_controller/test_custom_pdu.py
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+"""Config validation for custom_pdu and the deprecated custom_command alias.
+
+custom_command took a raw frame with a leading device address byte; custom_pdu takes the PDU only.
+Most of these tests cover what the schema itself enforces (the two keys are mutually exclusive, and
+custom_pdu takes byte-sized values). The last two reach the final-validate step that a bare-schema
+test cannot: a write-coded custom_pdu polled continuously is rejected there.
+"""
+
+import pytest
+from voluptuous import Invalid, MultipleInvalid
+
+from esphome.components.modbus_controller import (
+    ModbusItemBaseSchema,
+    validate_custom_pdu_item,
+)
+from esphome.components.modbus_controller.const import (
+    CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND,
+    CONF_CUSTOM_PDU,
+    CONF_MODBUS_CONTROLLER_ID,
+)
+from esphome.config import Config
+from esphome.const import CONF_ADDRESS, CONF_CONTINUOUS, CONF_ID
+from esphome.core import ID
+import esphome.final_validate as fv
+
+
+def test_custom_command_accepted_at_schema_level() -> None:
+    """custom_command validates at the schema level; migration/rejection happens in final validate."""
+    config = ModbusItemBaseSchema(
+        {CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND: [0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x00, 0x01]}
+    )
+    assert config[CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND] == [0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x00, 0x01]
+
+
+def test_custom_pdu_and_custom_command_mutually_exclusive() -> None:
+    """Only one custom source may be given; supplying both is a schema error."""
+    with pytest.raises((Invalid, MultipleInvalid)):
+        ModbusItemBaseSchema(
+            {
+                CONF_CUSTOM_PDU: [0x03, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x00, 0x01],
+                CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND: [0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x00, 0x01],
+            }
+        )
+
+
+def test_custom_pdu_accepted() -> None:
+    """The new key takes PDU bytes (function code + data, no address byte)."""
+    config = ModbusItemBaseSchema({CONF_CUSTOM_PDU: [0x03, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x00, 0x01]})
+    assert config[CONF_CUSTOM_PDU] == [0x03, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x00, 0x01]
+
+
+def test_custom_pdu_rejects_non_byte_values() -> None:
+    """PDU entries are bytes; a word-sized value is a sign the old raw format is being used."""
+    with pytest.raises((Invalid, MultipleInvalid)):
+        ModbusItemBaseSchema({CONF_CUSTOM_PDU: [0x0103, 0x002A]})
+
+
+def _controller_full_config(*, continuous: bool) -> Config:
+    """A minimal full-config graph with one modbus_controller declaring id 'ctl', enough for the
+    final-validate to resolve the controller (and its continuous flag) from an item's
+    modbus_controller_id."""
+    ctl_id = ID("ctl", is_declaration=True)
+    config = Config()
+    config["modbus_controller"] = [
+        {CONF_ID: ctl_id, CONF_ADDRESS: 1, CONF_CONTINUOUS: continuous}
+    ]
+    config.declare_ids.append((ctl_id, ["modbus_controller", 0, CONF_ID]))
+    return config
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def reset_full_config():
+    token = fv.full_config.set(Config())
+    yield
+    fv.full_config.reset(token)
+
+
+def test_continuous_write_custom_pdu_rejected(reset_full_config) -> None:
+    """A write-coded custom_pdu (0x17 = read/write-multiple) under a continuous controller is
+    rejected at final validate: the hub would strip continuous from the mutating code and warn on
+    every update."""
+    fv.full_config.set(_controller_full_config(continuous=True))
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="can't be polled continuously"):
+        validate_custom_pdu_item(
+            {
+                CONF_MODBUS_CONTROLLER_ID: ID("ctl"),
+                CONF_CUSTOM_PDU: [0x17, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x01],
+            }
+        )
+
+
+def test_continuous_read_custom_pdu_allowed(reset_full_config) -> None:
+    """A read-coded custom_pdu (0x03) under a continuous controller is fine - only writes stream."""
+    fv.full_config.set(_controller_full_config(continuous=True))
+    validate_custom_pdu_item(
+        {
+            CONF_MODBUS_CONTROLLER_ID: ID("ctl"),
+            CONF_CUSTOM_PDU: [0x03, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x00, 0x01],
+        }
+    )
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/modbus_controller/test_write_offset.py b/tests/component_tests/modbus_controller/test_write_offset.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..72bd3a933e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/modbus_controller/test_write_offset.py
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+"""Config validation for the byte offset on holding-register write entities.
+
+A 16-bit register write cannot target half a register, so an odd offset (or byte_offset) is
+rejected for holding-register switches and outputs; even offsets and coil offsets pass.
+"""
+
+import pytest
+from voluptuous import Invalid, MultipleInvalid
+
+from esphome.components.modbus_controller.output import (
+    CONFIG_SCHEMA as OUTPUT_CONFIG_SCHEMA,
+)
+from esphome.components.modbus_controller.switch import (
+    CONFIG_SCHEMA as SWITCH_CONFIG_SCHEMA,
+)
+from esphome.const import CONF_ADDRESS, CONF_ID, CONF_NAME, CONF_OFFSET
+
+
+def _switch_config(register_type: str, offset: int) -> dict:
+    return {
+        CONF_NAME: "test switch",
+        CONF_ADDRESS: 0x10,
+        "register_type": register_type,
+        CONF_OFFSET: offset,
+    }
+
+
+def _output_config(register_type: str, offset: int) -> dict:
+    return {
+        CONF_ID: "test_output",
+        CONF_ADDRESS: 0x10,
+        "register_type": register_type,
+        CONF_OFFSET: offset,
+    }
+
+
+def test_odd_offset_on_holding_switch_rejected() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises((Invalid, MultipleInvalid), match="odd"):
+        SWITCH_CONFIG_SCHEMA(_switch_config("holding", 3))
+
+
+def test_even_offset_on_holding_switch_accepted() -> None:
+    config = SWITCH_CONFIG_SCHEMA(_switch_config("holding", 2))
+    assert config[CONF_OFFSET] == 2
+
+
+def test_odd_offset_on_coil_switch_accepted() -> None:
+    """A coil offset is a coil count, so odd values are fine."""
+    config = SWITCH_CONFIG_SCHEMA(_switch_config("coil", 3))
+    assert config[CONF_OFFSET] == 3
+
+
+def test_odd_byte_offset_on_holding_switch_rejected() -> None:
+    """byte_offset is the alias the validator must also catch."""
+    config = _switch_config("holding", 0)
+    del config[CONF_OFFSET]
+    config["byte_offset"] = 3
+    with pytest.raises((Invalid, MultipleInvalid), match="byte_offset"):
+        SWITCH_CONFIG_SCHEMA(config)
+
+
+def test_odd_offset_on_holding_output_rejected() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises((Invalid, MultipleInvalid), match="odd"):
+        OUTPUT_CONFIG_SCHEMA(_output_config("holding", 3))
+
+
+def test_even_offset_on_holding_output_accepted() -> None:
+    config = OUTPUT_CONFIG_SCHEMA(_output_config("holding", 2))
+    assert config[CONF_OFFSET] == 2
+
+
+def test_odd_offset_on_coil_output_accepted() -> None:
+    config = OUTPUT_CONFIG_SCHEMA(_output_config("coil", 3))
+    assert config[CONF_OFFSET] == 3
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/modbus_server/test_modbus_server.py b/tests/component_tests/modbus_server/test_modbus_server.py
index 3e041c6d4a..ce1098fbca 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/modbus_server/test_modbus_server.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/modbus_server/test_modbus_server.py
@@ -7,8 +7,13 @@ from esphome.components.modbus_server import (
     SERVER_SENSOR_VALUE_TYPE,
     _validate_no_overlapping_registers,
     _validate_register_ranges,
+    _validate_unique_bit_addresses,
+)
+from esphome.components.modbus_server.const import (
+    CONF_BITS,
+    CONF_REGISTERS,
+    CONF_VALUE_TYPE,
 )
-from esphome.components.modbus_server.const import CONF_REGISTERS, CONF_VALUE_TYPE
 from esphome.const import CONF_ADDRESS
 
 
@@ -21,6 +26,10 @@ def _config(registers: list[tuple[int, str]]) -> dict:
     }
 
 
+def _bits_config(addresses: list[int]) -> dict:
+    return {CONF_BITS: [{CONF_ADDRESS: address} for address in addresses]}
+
+
 def test_non_overlapping_registers_pass() -> None:
     # Values that tile the address space without gaps or overlaps are accepted.
     config = _config([(0x00, "U_WORD"), (0x01, "U_DWORD"), (0x03, "U_WORD")])
@@ -42,6 +51,18 @@ def test_duplicate_address_rejected() -> None:
         _validate_no_overlapping_registers(config)
 
 
+def test_unique_bit_addresses_pass() -> None:
+    config = _bits_config([0x00, 0x01, 0x02])
+    assert _validate_unique_bit_addresses(config) is config
+
+
+def test_duplicate_bit_address_rejected() -> None:
+    # Coils and discrete inputs share one bit address space, so a repeated address is rejected.
+    config = _bits_config([0x05, 0x05])
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="more than once"):
+        _validate_unique_bit_addresses(config)
+
+
 def test_multi_register_value_overlapping_neighbour_rejected() -> None:
     # U_DWORD at 0x10 occupies 0x10 and 0x11; a U_WORD at 0x11 collides with its low word.
     config = _config([(0x10, "U_DWORD"), (0x11, "U_WORD")])
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/network/config/priority_arduino.yaml b/tests/component_tests/network/config/priority_arduino.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b66f676601
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/network/config/priority_arduino.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: arduino
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: "test_ssid"
+  password: "test_password"
+
+ethernet:
+  type: W5500
+  clk_pin: 19
+  mosi_pin: 21
+  miso_pin: 23
+  cs_pin: 18
+  interrupt_pin: 36
+  reset_pin: 22
+  clock_speed: 10Mhz
+
+network:
+  priority:
+    - ethernet
+    - wifi
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/network/config/priority_rp2040.yaml b/tests/component_tests/network/config/priority_rp2040.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..984f2dcbb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/network/config/priority_rp2040.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+rp2:
+  board: rpipicow
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: "test_ssid"
+  password: "test_password"
+
+ethernet:
+  type: W5500
+  clk_pin: 18
+  mosi_pin: 19
+  miso_pin: 16
+  cs_pin: 17
+  interrupt_pin: 21
+  reset_pin: 20
+  mac_address: "02:AA:BB:CC:DD:01"
+
+network:
+  priority:
+    - ethernet
+    - wifi
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/network/config/priority_single.yaml b/tests/component_tests/network/config/priority_single.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bd23697808
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/network/config/priority_single.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: "test_ssid"
+  password: "test_password"
+
+network:
+  priority:
+    - wifi
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/network/config/tcp_send_buffer.yaml b/tests/component_tests/network/config/tcp_send_buffer.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..59c3a29fd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/network/config/tcp_send_buffer.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: "test_ssid"
+  password: "test_password"
+
+network:
+  tcp_send_buffer: 32kB
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/network/config/tcp_send_buffer_high_perf.yaml b/tests/component_tests/network/config/tcp_send_buffer_high_perf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..18dd1fe5fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/network/config/tcp_send_buffer_high_perf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: "test_ssid"
+  password: "test_password"
+
+network:
+  enable_high_performance: true
+  tcp_send_buffer: 16384
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/network/test_priority.py b/tests/component_tests/network/test_priority.py
index da1c0a061d..041b358dda 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/network/test_priority.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/network/test_priority.py
@@ -16,18 +16,17 @@ from esphome.components.network import (
     _validate_priority_list,
     get_network_priority,
 )
-from esphome.const import CONF_PRIORITY
+from esphome.const import CONF_PRIORITY, PlatformFramework
 from esphome.core import CORE
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from tests.component_tests.types import SetCoreConfigCallable
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
 def _clear_core_data():
-    """Wipe CORE.data and reset fv.full_config so each test starts clean."""
+    """Wipe CORE.data so each test starts clean."""
     CORE.data.clear()
-    token = fv.full_config.set({})
     yield
-    fv.full_config.reset(token)
     CORE.data.clear()
 
 
@@ -138,6 +137,22 @@ def test_final_validate_noop_without_priority_list() -> None:
     _final_validate({})  # must not raise
 
 
+def test_final_validate_rejects_unsupported_arbitration_interface(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """The ethernet/wifi-only arbitration tripwire fails as a clean config error.
+
+    Unreachable through the public schema today (VALID_NETWORK_TYPES gates the
+    list), so the config is hand-built to simulate a future interface type that
+    was added to the schema without extending NetworkComponent::loop().
+    """
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF)
+    fv.full_config.set({"openthread": {}, "wifi": {}})
+    config = {CONF_PRIORITY: [{"interface": "openthread"}, {"interface": "wifi"}]}
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="arbitration does not support: openthread"):
+        _final_validate(config)
+
+
 def _cpp_setup_priority(name: str) -> float:
     """Read a setup_priority constant straight from esphome/core/component.h."""
     header = Path(__file__).parents[3] / "esphome" / "core" / "component.h"
@@ -199,3 +214,55 @@ def test_no_primary_interface_define_without_priority(
     assert not any(
         d.name.startswith("USE_NETWORK_PRIMARY_INTERFACE_") for d in CORE.defines
     )
+
+
+def _dns_per_default_netif_option() -> bool | None:
+    from esphome.components.esp32.const import KEY_ESP32, KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS
+
+    if KEY_ESP32 not in CORE.data:  # non-ESP32 configs have no sdkconfig at all
+        return None
+    return CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS].get(
+        "CONFIG_ESP_NETIF_SET_DNS_PER_DEFAULT_NETIF"
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "config_file",
+    [
+        "priority_wifi_first.yaml",
+        "priority_ethernet_first.yaml",
+        "priority_arduino.yaml",
+    ],
+)
+def test_multi_interface_priority_enables_default_route_arbitration(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+    config_file: str,
+) -> None:
+    """More than one interface in 'priority' enables default-route arbitration."""
+    generate_main(component_config_path(config_file))
+    assert "USE_NETWORK_DEFAULT_ROUTE" in {d.name for d in CORE.defines}
+    assert _dns_per_default_netif_option() is True
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "config_file",
+    [
+        # Single-entry priority list / no list at all.
+        "priority_single.yaml",
+        "wifi_only.yaml",
+        # Dual-interface on rp2040: validates, but the arbitration is ESP32-only
+        # (NetworkComponent::loop() is compiled under USE_ESP32) — emitting the
+        # define here would be a hard build break.
+        "priority_rp2040.yaml",
+    ],
+)
+def test_single_interface_has_no_default_route_arbitration(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+    config_file: str,
+) -> None:
+    """Single-interface and non-ESP32 configs must not compile in the arbitration."""
+    generate_main(component_config_path(config_file))
+    assert "USE_NETWORK_DEFAULT_ROUTE" not in {d.name for d in CORE.defines}
+    assert _dns_per_default_netif_option() is None
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/network/test_tcp_send_buffer.py b/tests/component_tests/network/test_tcp_send_buffer.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6498921243
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/network/test_tcp_send_buffer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+"""Tests for the ``network: tcp_send_buffer:`` option.
+
+The option sets lwIP's per-socket TCP send buffer
+(CONFIG_LWIP_TCP_SND_BUF_DEFAULT) on ESP-IDF. The stock default (5744 bytes)
+stalls bursty senders such as a Bluetooth proxy streaming GATT notifications;
+until now the only way to raise it was the all-or-nothing
+``enable_high_performance`` bundle.
+"""
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+from voluptuous import Invalid
+
+from esphome import config_validation as cv
+from esphome.components.esp32.const import (
+    KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS,
+    KEY_VARIANT,
+    VARIANT_ESP32,
+)
+from esphome.components.network import (
+    CONF_TCP_SEND_BUFFER,
+    CONFIG_SCHEMA,
+    TCP_SEND_BUFFER_MAX,
+    TCP_SEND_BUFFER_MIN,
+)
+from esphome.const import KEY_ESP32, KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION, PlatformFramework
+from esphome.core import CORE
+from tests.component_tests.types import SetCoreConfigCallable
+
+
+def _sdkconfig_option(name: str) -> int | None:
+    return CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS].get(name)
+
+
+def test_tcp_send_buffer_sets_sdkconfig(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    generate_main(component_config_path("tcp_send_buffer.yaml"))
+    assert _sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_LWIP_TCP_SND_BUF_DEFAULT") == 32000
+
+
+def test_tcp_send_buffer_overrides_high_performance(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    """An explicit size wins over the high performance bundle's 65534."""
+    generate_main(component_config_path("tcp_send_buffer_high_perf.yaml"))
+    assert _sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_LWIP_TCP_SND_BUF_DEFAULT") == 16384
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("value", [TCP_SEND_BUFFER_MIN, TCP_SEND_BUFFER_MAX])
+def test_boundary_values_accepted(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable, value: int
+) -> None:
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        core_data={KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION: cv.Version(5, 5, 5)},
+        platform_data={KEY_VARIANT: VARIANT_ESP32},
+    )
+    assert CONFIG_SCHEMA({"tcp_send_buffer": value})[CONF_TCP_SEND_BUFFER] == value
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("value", ["1kB", "128kB"])
+def test_out_of_range_rejected(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable, value: str
+) -> None:
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        core_data={KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION: cv.Version(5, 5, 5)},
+        platform_data={KEY_VARIANT: VARIANT_ESP32},
+    )
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid):
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA({"tcp_send_buffer": value})
+
+
+def test_rejected_on_esp8266(set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable) -> None:
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP8266_ARDUINO,
+        core_data={KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION: cv.Version(3, 1, 2)},
+    )
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="esp32"):
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA({"tcp_send_buffer": "32kB"})
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/noise/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/noise/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/noise/test_encryption_key.py b/tests/component_tests/noise/test_encryption_key.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..10f1eb3d4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/noise/test_encryption_key.py
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+"""Tests for the shared noise encryption key helpers."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome import config_validation as cv
+from esphome.components.noise import (
+    decode_encryption_key,
+    is_reserved_key,
+    validate_encryption_key,
+)
+
+KEY = "AAECAwQFBgcICQoLDA0ODxAREhMUFRYXGBkaGxwdHh8="
+
+
+def test_validate_encryption_key_roundtrips() -> None:
+    assert validate_encryption_key(KEY) == KEY
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("value", ["not-base64!!!", "AAECAw=="])
+def test_validate_encryption_key_rejects_bad_input(value: str) -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid):
+        validate_encryption_key(value)
+
+
+def test_decode_encryption_key_returns_32_bytes() -> None:
+    assert decode_encryption_key(KEY) == bytes(range(32))
+
+
+def test_decode_encryption_key_rejects_invalid_base64() -> None:
+    """The shared helper raises cv.Invalid, not binascii.Error."""
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="base64"):
+        decode_encryption_key("A")
+
+
+def test_decode_encryption_key_rejects_short_decode() -> None:
+    """a2b_base64 stops at embedded padding; a short decode must not become
+    a zero padded PSK on the device."""
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="32 bytes"):
+        decode_encryption_key("AAECAw==")
+
+
+def test_is_reserved_key() -> None:
+    assert is_reserved_key("AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA=")
+    assert not is_reserved_key(KEY)
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/ota/test_esphome_ota.py b/tests/component_tests/ota/test_esphome_ota.py
index cdac430ff7..873f162555 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/ota/test_esphome_ota.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/ota/test_esphome_ota.py
@@ -8,17 +8,25 @@ from typing import Any
 import pytest
 
 from esphome import config_validation as cv
-from esphome.components.esphome.ota import ota_esphome_final_validate
+from esphome.components.esphome.ota import (
+    AUTO_LOAD,
+    FILTER_SOURCE_FILES,
+    _validate_no_password_with_encryption,
+    ota_esphome_final_validate,
+)
 from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_API,
+    CONF_ENCRYPTION,
     CONF_ESPHOME,
     CONF_ID,
+    CONF_KEY,
     CONF_OTA,
     CONF_PASSWORD,
     CONF_PLATFORM,
     CONF_PORT,
     CONF_VERSION,
 )
-from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
 
 
@@ -103,3 +111,305 @@ def test_non_esphome_ota_unaffected() -> None:
         assert len(updated[CONF_OTA]) == 3
     finally:
         fv.full_config.reset(token)
+
+
+API_KEY = "AAECAwQFBgcICQoLDA0ODxAREhMUFRYXGBkaGxwdHh8="
+OTHER_KEY = "AQIDBAUGBwgJCgsMDQ4PEBESExQVFhcYGRobHB0eHyA="
+ZEROS_KEY = "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="
+
+
+def test_encryption_key_inherited_from_api() -> None:
+    """A bare encryption block resolves to the api encryption key."""
+    full_conf = {
+        CONF_API: {CONF_ENCRYPTION: {CONF_KEY: API_KEY}},
+        CONF_OTA: [_make_ota_config(port=3232, **{CONF_ENCRYPTION: {}})],
+    }
+    token = fv.full_config.set(full_conf)
+    try:
+        ota_esphome_final_validate({})
+        updated = fv.full_config.get()
+        assert updated[CONF_OTA][0][CONF_ENCRYPTION][CONF_KEY] == API_KEY
+    finally:
+        fv.full_config.reset(token)
+
+
+def test_encryption_explicit_key_matching_api_accepted() -> None:
+    """An explicit ota key equal to the api key validates."""
+    full_conf = {
+        CONF_API: {CONF_ENCRYPTION: {CONF_KEY: API_KEY}},
+        CONF_OTA: [
+            _make_ota_config(port=3232, **{CONF_ENCRYPTION: {CONF_KEY: API_KEY}})
+        ],
+    }
+    token = fv.full_config.set(full_conf)
+    try:
+        ota_esphome_final_validate({})
+        updated = fv.full_config.get()
+        assert updated[CONF_OTA][0][CONF_ENCRYPTION][CONF_KEY] == API_KEY
+    finally:
+        fv.full_config.reset(token)
+
+
+def test_encryption_key_differing_from_api_rejected() -> None:
+    """There is one key per device; an ota key differing from the api key raises."""
+    full_conf = {
+        CONF_API: {CONF_ENCRYPTION: {CONF_KEY: API_KEY}},
+        CONF_OTA: [
+            _make_ota_config(port=3232, **{CONF_ENCRYPTION: {CONF_KEY: OTHER_KEY}})
+        ],
+    }
+    token = fv.full_config.set(full_conf)
+    try:
+        with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="must match the 'api' encryption key"):
+            ota_esphome_final_validate({})
+    finally:
+        fv.full_config.reset(token)
+
+
+def test_encryption_explicit_key_without_api_encryption_accepted() -> None:
+    """An explicit ota key with a plaintext api has nothing to match; it stands."""
+    full_conf = {
+        CONF_API: {},
+        CONF_OTA: [
+            _make_ota_config(port=3232, **{CONF_ENCRYPTION: {CONF_KEY: OTHER_KEY}})
+        ],
+    }
+    token = fv.full_config.set(full_conf)
+    try:
+        ota_esphome_final_validate({})
+        updated = fv.full_config.get()
+        assert updated[CONF_OTA][0][CONF_ENCRYPTION][CONF_KEY] == OTHER_KEY
+    finally:
+        fv.full_config.reset(token)
+
+
+def test_encryption_without_any_key_rejected() -> None:
+    """A bare encryption block with no api key to inherit raises."""
+    full_conf = {
+        CONF_API: {},
+        CONF_OTA: [_make_ota_config(port=3232, **{CONF_ENCRYPTION: {}})],
+    }
+    token = fv.full_config.set(full_conf)
+    try:
+        with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="no 'api' encryption key to inherit"):
+            ota_esphome_final_validate({})
+    finally:
+        fv.full_config.reset(token)
+
+
+def test_encryption_explicit_all_zeros_key_rejected() -> None:
+    """The all-zeros key is the provisioning sentinel; the device would treat
+    it as no PSK and accept plaintext, so it must fail validation."""
+    full_conf = {
+        CONF_OTA: [
+            _make_ota_config(port=3232, **{CONF_ENCRYPTION: {CONF_KEY: ZEROS_KEY}})
+        ],
+    }
+    token = fv.full_config.set(full_conf)
+    try:
+        with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="all-zeros key is reserved"):
+            ota_esphome_final_validate({})
+    finally:
+        fv.full_config.reset(token)
+
+
+def test_encryption_inherited_all_zeros_key_rejected() -> None:
+    """An all-zeros api key must not silently disable ota encryption either."""
+    full_conf = {
+        CONF_API: {CONF_ENCRYPTION: {CONF_KEY: ZEROS_KEY}},
+        CONF_OTA: [_make_ota_config(port=3232, **{CONF_ENCRYPTION: {}})],
+    }
+    token = fv.full_config.set(full_conf)
+    try:
+        with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="all-zeros key is reserved"):
+            ota_esphome_final_validate({})
+    finally:
+        fv.full_config.reset(token)
+
+
+def test_encryption_key_mismatch_between_merged_configs_rejected() -> None:
+    """Same-port configs with different encryption keys raise."""
+    full_conf = {
+        CONF_OTA: [
+            _make_ota_config(port=3232, **{CONF_ENCRYPTION: {CONF_KEY: API_KEY}}),
+            _make_ota_config(port=3232, **{CONF_ENCRYPTION: {CONF_KEY: OTHER_KEY}}),
+        ]
+    }
+    token = fv.full_config.set(full_conf)
+    try:
+        with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="encryption is inconsistent"):
+            ota_esphome_final_validate({})
+    finally:
+        fv.full_config.reset(token)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("keyed_first", [True, False])
+def test_encryption_bare_and_keyed_blocks_merge(keyed_first: bool) -> None:
+    """A bare encryption block (package/device split) is compatible with a
+    keyed one on the same port; the merge resolves to the keyed result."""
+    keyed = _make_ota_config(port=3232, **{CONF_ENCRYPTION: {CONF_KEY: OTHER_KEY}})
+    bare = _make_ota_config(port=3232, **{CONF_ENCRYPTION: {}})
+    full_conf = {
+        CONF_OTA: [keyed, bare] if keyed_first else [bare, keyed],
+    }
+    token = fv.full_config.set(full_conf)
+    try:
+        ota_esphome_final_validate({})
+        updated = fv.full_config.get()
+        assert len(updated[CONF_OTA]) == 1
+        assert updated[CONF_OTA][0][CONF_ENCRYPTION][CONF_KEY] == OTHER_KEY
+    finally:
+        fv.full_config.reset(token)
+
+
+def test_encryption_runtime_provisioned_api_key_not_inheritable() -> None:
+    """A keyless api encryption block provisions its key at runtime; a bare
+    ota encryption block cannot inherit it and the message says so."""
+    full_conf = {
+        CONF_API: {CONF_ENCRYPTION: {}},
+        CONF_OTA: [_make_ota_config(port=3232, **{CONF_ENCRYPTION: {}})],
+    }
+    token = fv.full_config.set(full_conf)
+    try:
+        with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="provisioned at runtime"):
+            ota_esphome_final_validate({})
+    finally:
+        fv.full_config.reset(token)
+
+
+def test_encryption_explicit_key_with_runtime_provisioned_api_accepted() -> None:
+    """The documented remedy for a runtime-provisioned api key: set an
+    explicit ota key."""
+    full_conf = {
+        CONF_API: {CONF_ENCRYPTION: {}},
+        CONF_OTA: [
+            _make_ota_config(port=3232, **{CONF_ENCRYPTION: {CONF_KEY: OTHER_KEY}})
+        ],
+    }
+    token = fv.full_config.set(full_conf)
+    try:
+        ota_esphome_final_validate({})
+        updated = fv.full_config.get()
+        assert updated[CONF_OTA][0][CONF_ENCRYPTION][CONF_KEY] == OTHER_KEY
+    finally:
+        fv.full_config.reset(token)
+
+
+def test_encryption_with_web_server_ota_warns(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """With the web_server component the plaintext /update endpoint is always
+    on; the combination validates with a warning."""
+    full_conf = {
+        "web_server": {},
+        CONF_OTA: [
+            _make_ota_config(port=3232, **{CONF_ENCRYPTION: {CONF_KEY: OTHER_KEY}}),
+            {CONF_PLATFORM: "web_server", CONF_ID: ID("ota_ws", is_manual=False)},
+        ],
+    }
+    token = fv.full_config.set(full_conf)
+    try:
+        with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+            ota_esphome_final_validate({})
+        assert any("plaintext /update" in record.message for record in caplog.records)
+    finally:
+        fv.full_config.reset(token)
+
+
+def test_encryption_with_captive_portal_web_server_ota_warns(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """captive_portal auto-loads the web_server ota platform without the
+    web_server component; encryption stays usable and only warns, so the
+    fallback AP recovery path is not lost."""
+    full_conf = {
+        "captive_portal": {},
+        CONF_OTA: [
+            _make_ota_config(port=3232, **{CONF_ENCRYPTION: {CONF_KEY: OTHER_KEY}}),
+            {CONF_PLATFORM: "web_server", CONF_ID: ID("ota_ws", is_manual=False)},
+        ],
+    }
+    token = fv.full_config.set(full_conf)
+    try:
+        with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+            ota_esphome_final_validate({})
+        assert any("captive_portal" in record.message for record in caplog.records)
+        esphome_conf = next(
+            conf
+            for conf in fv.full_config.get()[CONF_OTA]
+            if conf.get(CONF_PLATFORM) == CONF_ESPHOME
+        )
+        assert esphome_conf[CONF_ENCRYPTION][CONF_KEY] == OTHER_KEY
+    finally:
+        fv.full_config.reset(token)
+
+
+def test_web_server_ota_without_encryption_unaffected() -> None:
+    """web_server ota stays valid alongside an unencrypted esphome entry."""
+    full_conf = {
+        CONF_OTA: [
+            _make_ota_config(port=3232),
+            {CONF_PLATFORM: "web_server", CONF_ID: ID("ota_ws", is_manual=False)},
+        ],
+    }
+    token = fv.full_config.set(full_conf)
+    try:
+        ota_esphome_final_validate({})
+        assert len(fv.full_config.get()[CONF_OTA]) == 2
+    finally:
+        fv.full_config.reset(token)
+
+
+def test_auto_load_pulls_noise_only_for_encryption() -> None:
+    """A plain ota entry must never pull noise-c into the build."""
+    assert AUTO_LOAD({CONF_PORT: 3232}) == ["sha256", "socket"]
+    assert "noise" in AUTO_LOAD({CONF_ENCRYPTION: {}})
+    # Tooling probes must get the maximal set: None from dependency
+    # resolution, {} from the components-graph platform probe
+    assert "noise" in AUTO_LOAD(None)
+    assert "noise" in AUTO_LOAD({})
+
+
+def test_filter_source_files_excludes_noise_without_encryption() -> None:
+    """The noise transport source compiles only for encrypted builds."""
+    old_config = CORE.config
+    try:
+        CORE.config = {CONF_OTA: [_make_ota_config(port=3232)]}
+        assert FILTER_SOURCE_FILES() == ["ota_esphome_noise.cpp"]
+        CORE.config = {
+            CONF_OTA: [
+                _make_ota_config(port=3232, **{CONF_ENCRYPTION: {CONF_KEY: API_KEY}})
+            ]
+        }
+        assert FILTER_SOURCE_FILES() == []
+    finally:
+        CORE.config = old_config
+
+
+def test_password_with_encryption_rejected() -> None:
+    """The password and encryption options are mutually exclusive."""
+    config = {CONF_PASSWORD: "pw", CONF_ENCRYPTION: {CONF_KEY: API_KEY}}
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="cannot be combined"):
+        _validate_no_password_with_encryption(config)
+
+
+def test_password_alone_accepted() -> None:
+    """A password without encryption still validates."""
+    config = {CONF_PASSWORD: "pw"}
+    assert _validate_no_password_with_encryption(config) is config
+
+
+def test_merged_password_and_encryption_rejected() -> None:
+    """A password block and an encryption block merged on one port raise."""
+    full_conf = {
+        CONF_OTA: [
+            _make_ota_config(port=3232, **{CONF_PASSWORD: "pw"}),
+            _make_ota_config(port=3232, **{CONF_ENCRYPTION: {CONF_KEY: API_KEY}}),
+        ]
+    }
+    token = fv.full_config.set(full_conf)
+    try:
+        with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="cannot be combined"):
+            ota_esphome_final_validate({})
+    finally:
+        fv.full_config.reset(token)
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/preferences/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/preferences/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/preferences/config/bk72xx.yaml b/tests/component_tests/preferences/config/bk72xx.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9ea4154bca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/preferences/config/bk72xx.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+esphome:
+  name: preftest
+
+bk72xx:
+  board: generic-bk7252
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/preferences/config/esp32.yaml b/tests/component_tests/preferences/config/esp32.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..586979d7b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/preferences/config/esp32.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+esphome:
+  name: preftest
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/preferences/config/esp8266.yaml b/tests/component_tests/preferences/config/esp8266.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b8a1035159
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/preferences/config/esp8266.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+esphome:
+  name: preftest
+
+esp8266:
+  board: esp01_1m
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/preferences/config/host.yaml b/tests/component_tests/preferences/config/host.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..047f8693a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/preferences/config/host.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+esphome:
+  name: preftest
+
+host:
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/preferences/config/nrf52.yaml b/tests/component_tests/preferences/config/nrf52.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..00892addb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/preferences/config/nrf52.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+esphome:
+  name: preftest
+
+nrf52:
+  board: adafruit_itsybitsy_nrf52840
+  bootloader: adafruit_nrf52_sd140_v6
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/preferences/config/rp2.yaml b/tests/component_tests/preferences/config/rp2.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d57b96a54e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/preferences/config/rp2.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+esphome:
+  name: preftest
+
+rp2:
+  board: rpipicow
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/preferences/test_key_lookup_gate.py b/tests/component_tests/preferences/test_key_lookup_gate.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7726113aab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/preferences/test_key_lookup_gate.py
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+"""Every preferences platform either emits USE_PREFERENCE_KEY_LOOKUP from
+codegen (key-lookup backends) or must not (slot-based backends, whose managers
+have no load_from_key()). Run each platform's real codegen and assert the
+emission, mirroring the split the deny-list in esphome/core/defines.h assumes
+for static analysis.
+
+The fixtures cover every distinct preferences backend today: ln882x and
+rtl87xx route through libretiny (bk72xx stands in for the family), rp2040 is
+an alias of rp2, and nrf52 exercises zephyr. A seventh backend needs a new
+fixture here."""
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.core import CORE
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("fixture", "emits"),
+    [
+        ("esp32.yaml", True),
+        ("bk72xx.yaml", True),  # libretiny
+        ("host.yaml", True),
+        ("nrf52.yaml", True),  # zephyr
+        ("esp8266.yaml", False),
+        ("rp2.yaml", False),
+    ],
+)
+def test_key_lookup_define_matches_the_platform_backend(
+    fixture: str,
+    emits: bool,
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    generate_main(component_config_path(fixture))
+    defines = {define.name for define in CORE.defines}
+    assert ("USE_PREFERENCE_KEY_LOOKUP" in defines) is emits
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/provisioning/test_provisioning.py b/tests/component_tests/provisioning/test_provisioning.py
index 07f5065241..83c31aeca6 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/provisioning/test_provisioning.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/provisioning/test_provisioning.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.components.provisioning import (
     CONFIG_SCHEMA,
     FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA,
     register_source,
+    report_ap_without_sta,
     report_hardcoded_credentials,
 )
 from esphome.const import CONF_TIMEOUT, PlatformFramework
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ def test_provisioning_accepts_a_registered_source(
     set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF)
     register_source("network")
     # Should not raise.
-    assert FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA({}) == {}
+    FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA({})
 
 
 def test_provisioning_warns_on_hardcoded_credentials(
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ def test_provisioning_warns_on_hardcoded_credentials(
     register_source("network")
     report_hardcoded_credentials("wifi")
     with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
-        assert FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA({}) == {}
+        FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA({})
     assert "wifi" in caplog.text
     assert "credentials" in caplog.text
 
@@ -62,10 +63,36 @@ def test_provisioning_no_warning_without_hardcoded_credentials(
     set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF)
     register_source("network")
     with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
-        assert FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA({}) == {}
+        FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA({})
     assert "credentials" not in caplog.text
 
 
+def test_provisioning_warns_on_ap_without_sta(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """An access point with no station credentials triggers a reachability warning."""
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF)
+    register_source("network")
+    report_ap_without_sta()
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA({})
+    assert "access point" in caplog.text
+    assert "unreachable" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_provisioning_no_warning_without_ap(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """No reachability warning when no AP-without-station setup is reported."""
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF)
+    register_source("network")
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA({})
+    assert "access point" not in caplog.text
+
+
 def test_provisioning_rejects_zero_timeout(
     set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
 ) -> None:
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/remote_transmitter/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/remote_transmitter/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/remote_transmitter/test_non_blocking_gate.py b/tests/component_tests/remote_transmitter/test_non_blocking_gate.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ee2769e177
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/remote_transmitter/test_non_blocking_gate.py
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+"""non_blocking is family-gated at config validation; the CI build boards never compile
+the ISR paths, so this gate is the only CI-reachable coverage for the platform matrix."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.components.libretiny.const import (
+    FAMILY_BK7231N,
+    FAMILY_BK7231T,
+    FAMILY_BK7238,
+    FAMILY_RTL8710B,
+    FAMILY_RTL8720C,
+    KEY_FAMILY,
+    KEY_LIBRETINY,
+)
+from esphome.components.remote_transmitter import _validate_non_blocking_platform
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import PlatformFramework
+from esphome.core import CORE
+
+from ..types import SetCoreConfigCallable
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("platform_framework", "family", "accepted"),
+    [
+        (PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF, None, True),
+        (PlatformFramework.RTL87XX_ARDUINO, FAMILY_RTL8720C, True),
+        (PlatformFramework.RTL87XX_ARDUINO, FAMILY_RTL8710B, False),
+        (PlatformFramework.BK72XX_ARDUINO, FAMILY_BK7231N, True),
+        (PlatformFramework.BK72XX_ARDUINO, FAMILY_BK7238, True),
+        (PlatformFramework.BK72XX_ARDUINO, FAMILY_BK7231T, False),
+        (PlatformFramework.ESP8266_ARDUINO, None, False),
+    ],
+)
+def test_non_blocking_platform_gate(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+    platform_framework: PlatformFramework,
+    family: str | None,
+    accepted: bool,
+) -> None:
+    set_core_config(platform_framework)
+    if family is not None:
+        CORE.data[KEY_LIBRETINY] = {KEY_FAMILY: family}
+    if accepted:
+        assert _validate_non_blocking_platform(True) is True
+    else:
+        with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="non_blocking is only supported on"):
+            _validate_non_blocking_platform(True)
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/rp2040_ble/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/rp2040_ble/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/rp2040_ble/config/rp2_proxy_default.yaml b/tests/component_tests/rp2040_ble/config/rp2_proxy_default.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..93c769283f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/rp2040_ble/config/rp2_proxy_default.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+esphome:
+  name: poolwrap-rp2-default
+
+rp2:
+  board: rpipicow
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+api:
+
+rp2_ble_tracker:
+
+bluetooth_proxy:
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/rp2040_ble/config/rp2_proxy_single_slot.yaml b/tests/component_tests/rp2040_ble/config/rp2_proxy_single_slot.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4e9c94df59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/rp2040_ble/config/rp2_proxy_single_slot.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+esphome:
+  name: poolwrap-rp2-single
+
+rp2:
+  board: rpipicow
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+api:
+
+rp2_ble_tracker:
+
+bluetooth_proxy:
+  connection_slots: 1
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/rp2040_ble/config/rp2_proxy_two_slots.yaml b/tests/component_tests/rp2040_ble/config/rp2_proxy_two_slots.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c631562743
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/rp2040_ble/config/rp2_proxy_two_slots.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+esphome:
+  name: poolwrap-rp2-two
+
+rp2:
+  board: rpipicow
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+api:
+
+rp2_ble_tracker:
+
+bluetooth_proxy:
+  connection_slots: 2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/rp2040_ble/test_connection_slots.py b/tests/component_tests/rp2040_ble/test_connection_slots.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f33180e2d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/rp2040_ble/test_connection_slots.py
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+"""Connection-slot accounting: consumers claim against MAX_CONNECTIONS and
+final validation rejects over-subscription with the consumer list."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome import config_validation as cv
+from esphome.components import rp2040_ble
+from esphome.core import CORE
+
+
+def test_proxy_claims_its_slots_through_the_shared_accounting(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    # A default (3-slot) proxy build records one claim per slot, attributed
+    # to the consumer, and passes final validation.
+    generate_main(component_config_path("rp2_proxy_default.yaml"))
+    used = CORE.data[rp2040_ble.KEY_RP2040_BLE][rp2040_ble.KEY_USED_CONNECTION_SLOTS]
+    assert used == ["bluetooth_proxy"] * 3
+
+
+def test_oversubscription_is_rejected_with_the_consumer_list() -> None:
+    # No YAML shape reaches this today (the proxy schema caps at the same
+    # limit); the guard exists for a second consumer such as ble_client.
+    rp2040_ble.consume_connection_slots(3, "bluetooth_proxy")({})
+    rp2040_ble.consume_connection_slots(1, "ble_client")({})
+    with pytest.raises(
+        cv.Invalid,
+        match=r"4 connection slots.*maximum is 3.*bluetooth_proxy.*ble_client",
+    ):
+        rp2040_ble.validate_connection_slots()
+
+
+def test_at_cap_passes() -> None:
+    rp2040_ble.consume_connection_slots(3, "bluetooth_proxy")({})
+    rp2040_ble.validate_connection_slots()
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/rp2040_ble/test_pool_wrap.py b/tests/component_tests/rp2040_ble/test_pool_wrap.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..291ca5eb58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/rp2040_ble/test_pool_wrap.py
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+"""The rp2 BTstack pool overrides: multi-slot builds emit the --wrap flags
+that swap the prebuilt single-client pools for the codegen-sized ones;
+single-slot builds emit none and stay byte-identical to previous releases."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from esphome.core import CORE
+
+from ..helpers import get_define_value
+
+# Spelled out rather than derived from rp2040_ble's symbol tuple, so a typo
+# in the component's list fails here instead of mirroring into the test.
+WRAP_FLAGS = (
+    "-Wl,--wrap=btstack_memory_gatt_client_get",
+    "-Wl,--wrap=btstack_memory_gatt_client_free",
+    "-Wl,--wrap=btstack_memory_hci_connection_get",
+    "-Wl,--wrap=btstack_memory_hci_connection_free",
+)
+
+
+def test_default_slots_emit_the_pool_wrap(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    generate_main(component_config_path("rp2_proxy_default.yaml"))
+    assert all(flag in CORE.build_flags for flag in WRAP_FLAGS)
+    assert get_define_value("ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT") == "3"
+    assert get_define_value("BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS") == "3"
+
+
+def test_two_slots_emit_the_pool_wrap(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    # Two slots: the wrap pools are smaller than the cap, sized from the count.
+    generate_main(component_config_path("rp2_proxy_two_slots.yaml"))
+    assert all(flag in CORE.build_flags for flag in WRAP_FLAGS)
+    assert get_define_value("ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT") == "2"
+    assert get_define_value("BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS") == "2"
+
+
+def test_single_slot_keeps_the_prebuilt_pools(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    generate_main(component_config_path("rp2_proxy_single_slot.yaml"))
+    assert not any(flag in CORE.build_flags for flag in WRAP_FLAGS)
+    assert get_define_value("ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT") == "1"
+    assert get_define_value("BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS") == "1"
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/rp2_ble_tracker/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/rp2_ble_tracker/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/rp2_ble_tracker/config/test_automations.yaml b/tests/component_tests/rp2_ble_tracker/config/test_automations.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cf0d4f1567
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/rp2_ble_tracker/config/test_automations.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+esphome:
+  name: rp2-trigger-codegen
+  on_boot:
+    then:
+      - rp2_ble_tracker.start_scan:
+          continuous: true
+      # Bare form: restores the configured scan_parameters mode — no
+      # set_continuous emitted (asserted in the codegen test).
+      - rp2_ble_tracker.start_scan:
+      - rp2_ble_tracker.stop_scan
+
+rp2:
+  board: rpipicow
+
+rp2_ble_tracker:
+  scan_parameters:
+    continuous: false
+    active: false
+  on_ble_advertise:
+    - mac_address:
+        - AC:37:43:77:5F:4C
+        - 11:22:33:44:55:66
+      then:
+        - lambda: 'char addr[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE]; ESP_LOGD("t", "%s", x.address_str_to(addr));'
+  on_ble_service_data_advertise:
+    - service_uuid: ABCDABCD-ABCD-ABCD-ABCD-ABCDABCDABCD
+      mac_address: AC:37:43:77:5F:4C
+      then:
+        - lambda: 'ESP_LOGD("t", "%zu", x.size());'
+    - service_uuid: ABCDABCD
+      then:
+        - lambda: 'ESP_LOGD("t", "%zu", x.size());'
+  on_ble_manufacturer_data_advertise:
+    - manufacturer_id: ABCD
+      then:
+        - lambda: 'ESP_LOGD("t", "%zu", x.size());'
+    - manufacturer_id: ABCDABCD
+      then:
+        - lambda: 'ESP_LOGD("t", "%zu", x.size());'
+    - manufacturer_id: ABCDABCD-ABCD-ABCD-ABCD-ABCDABCDABCD
+      then:
+        - lambda: 'ESP_LOGD("t", "%zu", x.size());'
+  on_scan_end:
+    - then:
+        - lambda: 'ESP_LOGD("t", "end");'
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/rp2_ble_tracker/test_automations_codegen.py b/tests/component_tests/rp2_ble_tracker/test_automations_codegen.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fdcf2bcf75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/rp2_ble_tracker/test_automations_codegen.py
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+"""Codegen tests for the tracker automations.
+
+The shared trigger classes (ble_device_base/automation.h) are compiled by the
+rp2040 compile fixtures, but the codegen accounting — the getattr-built setter
+spellings, the single set_continuous pin and the listener-count define — is
+only checkable from the generated main, mirroring the bk72xx/ln882h tests."""
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
+import re
+
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base
+from tests.component_tests.helpers import get_define_value
+
+
+def test_trigger_codegen(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    main_cpp = generate_main(component_config_path("test_automations.yaml"))
+
+    # on_ble_advertise: multi-mac filter (two addresses in one initializer list)
+    assert "set_addresses({0xAC3743775F4CULL, 0x112233445566ULL})" in main_cpp
+    # 128-bit service uuid goes out reversed (BLE wire order); single-mac filter
+    assert (
+        "set_service_uuid128((uint8_t*)(const uint8_t[16]){0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB,"
+        "0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB})" in main_cpp
+    )
+    assert "set_address(0xAC3743775F4CULL)" in main_cpp
+    # 32-bit middle branch of the width dispatch
+    assert "set_service_uuid32(0xABCDABCDULL)" in main_cpp
+    # All three manufacturer widths: getattr() builds these names as strings,
+    # so a misspelling only ever fails here.
+    assert "set_manufacturer_uuid16(0xABCDULL)" in main_cpp
+    assert "set_manufacturer_uuid32(0xABCDABCDULL)" in main_cpp
+    assert (
+        "set_manufacturer_uuid128((uint8_t*)(const uint8_t[16]){0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB,"
+        "0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB})" in main_cpp
+    )
+    # scan-control actions: templatable continuous lambda + parented actions.
+    # Exactly one set_continuous: the bare start_scan emits none, pinning the
+    # restore-configured-mode divergence from esp32 against a future default=.
+    assert main_cpp.count("->set_continuous(") == 1
+    assert "startscanaction_id->set_continuous(" in main_cpp
+    assert "stopscanaction_id->set_parent(" in main_cpp
+    # scan_parameters continuous: false reaches the YAML-mode setter, not the
+    # runtime override.
+    assert "->set_configured_continuous(false)" in main_cpp
+    # active: false (non-default) flows through to the setter.
+    assert "->set_scan_active(false)" in main_cpp
+    # Constructor call, not just the declaration: the parent argument is what
+    # registers the trigger as a listener.
+    assert re.search(
+        r"new\(\w+\) ble_device_base::BLEEndOfScanTrigger\(\w+\)", main_cpp
+    )
+
+    # Seven triggers register as listeners; an undercount silently drops the
+    # last trigger at runtime (StaticVector::push_back past capacity), so the
+    # define is the assertion that matters most.
+    assert get_define_value(ble_device_base.LISTENER_COUNT_DEFINE) == "7"
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/sendspin/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/sendspin/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/sendspin/test_image.py b/tests/component_tests/sendspin/test_image.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..be3b7d6684
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/sendspin/test_image.py
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+"""Validation tests for the sendspin image platform.
+
+These cover the rejection branches, which a compile test cannot reach: a
+`test*.yaml` can only assert that a configuration is accepted.
+"""
+
+from typing import Any
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome import config_validation as cv
+from esphome.components.sendspin import IMAGE_FORMAT_JPEG, MAX_ARTWORK_SLOTS, _get_data
+from esphome.components.sendspin.image import CONFIG_SCHEMA, MAX_IMAGE_DIMENSION
+from esphome.const import PlatformFramework
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+from tests.component_tests.types import SetCoreConfigCallable
+
+
+def _slot_config(**overrides: Any) -> ConfigType:
+    """Build a minimal valid artwork slot config, allowing field overrides."""
+    config: ConfigType = {
+        "id": "album_slot",
+        "format": "JPEG",
+        "type": "RGB565",
+        "resize": "240x240",
+        "current_image": {"id": "album_art"},
+    }
+    config.update(overrides)
+    return config
+
+
+def test_minimal_config_is_accepted(set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable) -> None:
+    """The baseline the rejection tests vary is itself valid."""
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF)
+
+    config = CONFIG_SCHEMA(_slot_config())
+
+    assert config["slot"] == 0
+    assert config["source"] == "ALBUM"
+    assert config["display_offset"].total_milliseconds == 0
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("image_format", ["JPEG", "JPG"])
+def test_jpeg_alias_maps_to_one_enum(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable, image_format: str
+) -> None:
+    """runtime_image takes JPG as an alias for JPEG, so both spellings must reach the
+    library's single JPEG enum."""
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF)
+
+    CONFIG_SCHEMA(_slot_config(format=image_format))
+
+    assert _get_data().artwork_preferences[0]["format"] == IMAGE_FORMAT_JPEG
+
+
+def test_too_many_slots_rejected(set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable) -> None:
+    """Slot numbers run out after MAX_ARTWORK_SLOTS entries."""
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF)
+
+    for slot in range(MAX_ARTWORK_SLOTS):
+        assert CONFIG_SCHEMA(_slot_config(id=f"slot_{slot}"))["slot"] == slot
+
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="Too many Sendspin image slots"):
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA(_slot_config(id="one_too_many"))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "resize",
+    [f"{MAX_IMAGE_DIMENSION + 1}x240", f"240x{MAX_IMAGE_DIMENSION + 1}"],
+)
+def test_oversized_resize_rejected(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable, resize: str
+) -> None:
+    """Either dimension past the decoder's limit is refused."""
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF)
+
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match=f"must be {MAX_IMAGE_DIMENSION} or less"):
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA(_slot_config(resize=resize))
+
+
+def test_sub_millisecond_display_offset_rejected(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """The library field is whole milliseconds, so finer values are refused
+    rather than silently rounded down to zero."""
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF)
+
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="Maximum precision is milliseconds"):
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA(_slot_config(display_offset="500us"))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("display_offset", ["61s", "-61s"])
+def test_out_of_range_display_offset_rejected(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable, display_offset: str
+) -> None:
+    """Offsets more than a minute either side of the boundary are refused."""
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF)
+
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="value must be at (most|least)"):
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA(_slot_config(display_offset=display_offset))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("display_offset", "expected_ms"), [("250ms", 250), ("-2s", -2000)]
+)
+def test_display_offset_accepted(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable, display_offset: str, expected_ms: int
+) -> None:
+    """Whole-millisecond offsets pass through in both directions."""
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF)
+
+    config = CONFIG_SCHEMA(_slot_config(display_offset=display_offset))
+
+    assert config["display_offset"].total_milliseconds == expected_ms
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/spi/test_psram_dma.py b/tests/component_tests/spi/test_psram_dma.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f721e0761b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/spi/test_psram_dma.py
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+"""Tests for SPI PSRAM DMA configuration validation."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome import config_validation as cv
+from esphome.components.esp32 import (
+    KEY_BOARD,
+    KEY_VARIANT,
+    VARIANT_ESP32,
+    VARIANT_ESP32S3,
+    VARIANT_ESP32S31,
+)
+from esphome.components.spi import (
+    CONF_INTERFACE_INDEX,
+    CONF_PSRAM_DMA,
+    _final_validate,
+    spi_device_schema,
+)
+from esphome.config import Config
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_SPI_ID, KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION, PlatformFramework
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID
+from tests.component_tests.types import SetCoreConfigCallable
+
+
+def _schema() -> cv.Schema:
+    return spi_device_schema(
+        cs_pin_required=False,
+        default_data_rate="1MHz",
+        default_mode="MODE0",
+    )
+
+
+def _stage(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+    platform_framework: PlatformFramework,
+    variant: str,
+    version: cv.Version,
+) -> None:
+    set_core_config(
+        platform_framework,
+        core_data={KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION: version},
+        platform_data={KEY_BOARD: "test-board", KEY_VARIANT: variant},
+    )
+    CORE.loaded_integrations.add("psram")
+
+
+def test_psram_dma_accepts_supported_idf_target(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    _stage(
+        set_core_config,
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        VARIANT_ESP32S3,
+        cv.Version(5, 5, 3),
+    )
+
+    config = _schema()({CONF_PSRAM_DMA: True})
+
+    assert config[CONF_PSRAM_DMA] is True
+
+
+def test_psram_dma_accepts_esp32s31(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    _stage(
+        set_core_config,
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        VARIANT_ESP32S31,
+        cv.Version(6, 0, 0),
+    )
+
+    config = _schema()({CONF_PSRAM_DMA: True})
+
+    assert config[CONF_PSRAM_DMA] is True
+
+
+def test_psram_dma_rejects_arduino(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    _stage(
+        set_core_config,
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_ARDUINO,
+        VARIANT_ESP32S3,
+        cv.Version(5, 5, 3),
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="only available with framework"):
+        _schema()({CONF_PSRAM_DMA: True})
+
+
+def test_psram_dma_rejects_target_without_capability(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    _stage(
+        set_core_config,
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        VARIANT_ESP32,
+        cv.Version(5, 5, 3),
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="PSRAM DMA is only available"):
+        _schema()({CONF_PSRAM_DMA: True})
+
+
+def test_psram_dma_false_is_portable(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    _stage(
+        set_core_config,
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_ARDUINO,
+        VARIANT_ESP32,
+        cv.Version(5, 5, 2),
+    )
+
+    config = _schema()({CONF_PSRAM_DMA: False})
+
+    assert config[CONF_PSRAM_DMA] is False
+
+
+def test_psram_dma_rejects_older_idf(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    _stage(
+        set_core_config,
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        VARIANT_ESP32S3,
+        cv.Version(5, 5, 2),
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="requires at least framework version 5.5.3"):
+        _schema()({CONF_PSRAM_DMA: True})
+
+
+def test_psram_dma_requires_psram_component(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    _stage(
+        set_core_config,
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        VARIANT_ESP32S3,
+        cv.Version(5, 5, 3),
+    )
+    CORE.loaded_integrations.remove("psram")
+
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="requires component psram"):
+        _schema()({CONF_PSRAM_DMA: True})
+
+
+def _full_spi_config(*, hardware: bool, with_device: bool = True) -> tuple[Config, ID]:
+    bus_id = ID("spi_bus", is_declaration=True, type="SPIComponent")
+    bus = {CONF_ID: bus_id}
+    if hardware:
+        bus[CONF_INTERFACE_INDEX] = 0
+    full = Config()
+    full["spi"] = [bus]
+    if with_device:
+        full["spi_device_test"] = {
+            CONF_SPI_ID: ID("spi_bus"),
+            CONF_PSRAM_DMA: True,
+        }
+    full.declare_ids.append((bus_id, ["spi", 0, CONF_ID]))
+    return full, ID("spi_bus", is_declaration=False, type="SPIComponent")
+
+
+def test_psram_dma_accepts_hardware_spi(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    full_config, _ = _full_spi_config(hardware=True)
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF, full_config=full_config)
+
+    _final_validate(full_config["spi"])
+
+
+def test_psram_dma_rejects_software_spi(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    full_config, _ = _full_spi_config(hardware=False)
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF, full_config=full_config)
+
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="psram_dma requires a hardware SPI") as error:
+        _final_validate(full_config["spi"])
+
+    assert error.value.path[-2:] == ["spi_device_test", CONF_PSRAM_DMA]
+
+
+def test_spi_bus_rejects_psram_dma_device_without_component_final_validation(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    full_config, bus_id = _full_spi_config(hardware=False, with_device=False)
+    full_config["device_without_final_validation"] = {
+        CONF_SPI_ID: bus_id,
+        CONF_PSRAM_DMA: True,
+    }
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF, full_config=full_config)
+
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="psram_dma requires a hardware SPI") as error:
+        _final_validate(full_config["spi"])
+
+    assert error.value.path[-2:] == [
+        "device_without_final_validation",
+        CONF_PSRAM_DMA,
+    ]
+
+
+def test_psram_dma_accepts_hardware_device_with_mixed_buses(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    software_bus_id = ID("software_bus", is_declaration=True, type="SPIComponent")
+    hardware_bus_id = ID("hardware_bus", is_declaration=True, type="SPIComponent")
+    full_config = Config()
+    full_config["spi"] = [
+        {CONF_ID: software_bus_id},
+        {CONF_ID: hardware_bus_id, CONF_INTERFACE_INDEX: 0},
+    ]
+    full_config["spi_device_test"] = {
+        CONF_SPI_ID: ID("hardware_bus"),
+        CONF_PSRAM_DMA: True,
+    }
+    full_config.declare_ids.extend(
+        (
+            (software_bus_id, ["spi", 0, CONF_ID]),
+            (hardware_bus_id, ["spi", 1, CONF_ID]),
+        )
+    )
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF, full_config=full_config)
+
+    _final_validate(full_config["spi"])
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/time/config/no_triggers.yaml b/tests/component_tests/time/config/no_triggers.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2df919df7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/time/config/no_triggers.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: "test_ssid"
+  password: "test_password"
+
+time:
+  - platform: sntp
+    id: sntp_time
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/time/config/on_time.yaml b/tests/component_tests/time/config/on_time.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..919a94f52d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/time/config/on_time.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: "test_ssid"
+  password: "test_password"
+
+logger:
+
+time:
+  - platform: sntp
+    id: sntp_time
+    on_time:
+      - seconds: 0
+        then:
+          - logger.log: tick
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/time/config/on_time_sync.yaml b/tests/component_tests/time/config/on_time_sync.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b5ddedce14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/time/config/on_time_sync.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: "test_ssid"
+  password: "test_password"
+
+logger:
+
+time:
+  - platform: sntp
+    id: sntp_time
+    on_time_sync:
+      then:
+        - logger.log: synced
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/time/test_triggers.py b/tests/component_tests/time/test_triggers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..34fd5a3157
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/time/test_triggers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+"""automation.cpp (CronTrigger and SyncTrigger) is only compiled when an
+on_time or on_time_sync automation exists, so the define must follow them."""
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.core import CORE
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("fixture", "emits"),
+    [
+        ("no_triggers.yaml", False),
+        ("on_time.yaml", True),
+        ("on_time_sync.yaml", True),
+    ],
+)
+def test_triggers_define_follows_automations(
+    fixture: str,
+    emits: bool,
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    generate_main(component_config_path(fixture))
+    defines = {define.name for define in CORE.defines}
+    assert ("USE_TIME_TRIGGERS" in defines) is emits
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/uptime/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/uptime/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/uptime/config/seconds.yaml b/tests/component_tests/uptime/config/seconds.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4d81a28011
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/uptime/config/seconds.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: "test_ssid"
+  password: "test_password"
+
+time:
+  - platform: sntp
+    id: sntp_time
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: uptime
+    name: Uptime Seconds
+    type: seconds
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/uptime/config/timestamp.yaml b/tests/component_tests/uptime/config/timestamp.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e2eea374bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/uptime/config/timestamp.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: "test_ssid"
+  password: "test_password"
+
+time:
+  - platform: sntp
+    id: sntp_time
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: uptime
+    name: Uptime Timestamp
+    type: timestamp
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/uptime/test_uptime.py b/tests/component_tests/uptime/test_uptime.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d77f510659
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/uptime/test_uptime.py
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+"""The timestamp uptime sensor source is only compiled when that type is used,
+so the define must follow the configured sensor type rather than time: alone."""
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.core import CORE
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("fixture", "emits"),
+    [
+        ("seconds.yaml", False),
+        ("timestamp.yaml", True),
+    ],
+)
+def test_timestamp_define_follows_sensor_type(
+    fixture: str,
+    emits: bool,
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    generate_main(component_config_path(fixture))
+    defines = {define.name for define in CORE.defines}
+    assert ("USE_UPTIME_TIMESTAMP" in defines) is emits
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/web_server/test_web_server_auth.py b/tests/component_tests/web_server/test_web_server_auth.py
index 82635b26da..183c586a36 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/web_server/test_web_server_auth.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/web_server/test_web_server_auth.py
@@ -33,14 +33,49 @@ def test_web_server_auth_explicit_basic_no_warning(
     generate_main: Callable[[str], str],
     caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
 ) -> None:
-    """Auth type basic builds Basic and does not warn."""
-    generate_main("tests/component_tests/web_server/web_server_auth_basic.yaml")
+    """Auth type basic on ESP32 uses plaintext credentials and does not warn."""
+    main_cpp = generate_main(
+        "tests/component_tests/web_server/web_server_auth_basic.yaml"
+    )
 
+    assert '->set_auth_username("admin");' in main_cpp
+    assert '->set_auth_password("password");' in main_cpp
+    assert "set_auth_basic_hash" not in main_cpp
     assert _has_define("USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH")
     assert not _has_define("USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH_DIGEST")
     assert _DEFAULT_CHANGE_WARNING not in caplog.text
 
 
+def test_web_server_auth_basic_esp8266_uses_precomputed_hash(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str], str],
+) -> None:
+    """Auth type basic on ESP8266 emits the precomputed base64 hash, not the credentials."""
+    main_cpp = generate_main(
+        "tests/component_tests/web_server/web_server_auth_basic_esp8266.yaml"
+    )
+
+    assert '->set_auth_basic_hash("YWRtaW46cGFzc3dvcmQ=");' in main_cpp
+    assert "set_auth_username" not in main_cpp
+    assert "set_auth_password" not in main_cpp
+    assert _has_define("USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH")
+    assert not _has_define("USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH_DIGEST")
+
+
+def test_web_server_auth_digest_esp8266_uses_plaintext_credentials(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str], str],
+) -> None:
+    """Auth type digest on ESP8266 uses plaintext credentials, not the basic hash."""
+    main_cpp = generate_main(
+        "tests/component_tests/web_server/web_server_auth_digest_esp8266.yaml"
+    )
+
+    assert '->set_auth_username("admin");' in main_cpp
+    assert '->set_auth_password("password");' in main_cpp
+    assert "set_auth_basic_hash" not in main_cpp
+    assert _has_define("USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH")
+    assert _has_define("USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH_DIGEST")
+
+
 def test_web_server_auth_explicit_digest(
     generate_main: Callable[[str], str],
     caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/web_server/web_server_auth_basic_esp8266.yaml b/tests/component_tests/web_server/web_server_auth_basic_esp8266.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..79e0c0ccf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/web_server/web_server_auth_basic_esp8266.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+---
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp8266:
+  board: esp01_1m
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+web_server:
+  auth:
+    username: admin
+    password: password
+    type: basic
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/web_server/web_server_auth_digest_esp8266.yaml b/tests/component_tests/web_server/web_server_auth_digest_esp8266.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..59565f8733
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/web_server/web_server_auth_digest_esp8266.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+---
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp8266:
+  board: esp01_1m
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+web_server:
+  auth:
+    username: admin
+    password: password
+    type: digest
diff --git a/tests/components/adc/validate.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/adc/validate.rp2040-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cbe15f2746
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/adc/validate.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Deprecated `pin: TEMPERATURE`, superseded by the `internal_temperature` platform.
+# Remove before 2027.2.0
+sensor:
+  - id: adc_temperature_sensor
+    platform: adc
+    pin: TEMPERATURE
+    name: ADC Test temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/addressable_light/common-ard-esp32_rmt_led_strip.yaml b/tests/components/addressable_light/common-ard-esp32_rmt_led_strip.yaml
index a071f9df91..d21c4b61b9 100644
--- a/tests/components/addressable_light/common-ard-esp32_rmt_led_strip.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/addressable_light/common-ard-esp32_rmt_led_strip.yaml
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ light:
     id: led_matrix_32x8
     default_transition_length: 500ms
     chipset: ws2812
-    rgb_order: GRB
+    channel_colors: GRB
     num_leds: 256
     pin: ${pin}
 
diff --git a/tests/components/addressable_light/common-idf-esp32_rmt_led_strip.yaml b/tests/components/addressable_light/common-idf-esp32_rmt_led_strip.yaml
index a071f9df91..d21c4b61b9 100644
--- a/tests/components/addressable_light/common-idf-esp32_rmt_led_strip.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/addressable_light/common-idf-esp32_rmt_led_strip.yaml
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ light:
     id: led_matrix_32x8
     default_transition_length: 500ms
     chipset: ws2812
-    rgb_order: GRB
+    channel_colors: GRB
     num_leds: 256
     pin: ${pin}
 
diff --git a/tests/components/airthings_ble/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/airthings_ble/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..292192f052
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/airthings_ble/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+airthings_ble:
diff --git a/tests/components/airthings_ble/common.yaml b/tests/components/airthings_ble/common.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..347f6640ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/airthings_ble/common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+# Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+airthings_ble:
+  ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
diff --git a/tests/components/airthings_ble/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/airthings_ble/test.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5883578909
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/airthings_ble/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ble: !include ../../test_build_components/common/ble/esp32-idf.yaml
+  airthings_ble: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/airthings_ble/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/airthings_ble/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aa0ec6f7ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/airthings_ble/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  airthings_ble: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/airthings_ble/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/airthings_ble/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..efcde0990e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/airthings_ble/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+airthings_ble:
+  ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
diff --git a/tests/components/animation/validate-platform-defaults.host.yaml b/tests/components/animation/validate-platform-defaults.host.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..034497c548
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/animation/validate-platform-defaults.host.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# `platform: animation` entry exercising the shared `defaults:`/`files:` expansion.
+display:
+  - platform: sdl
+    id: animation_display
+    auto_clear_enabled: false
+    dimensions:
+      width: 480
+      height: 480
+
+image:
+  - platform: animation
+    defaults:
+      type: rgb565
+      transparency: opaque
+      resize: 50x50
+    files:
+      - id: platform_defaults_animation
+        file: $component_dir/anim.gif
+      - id: platform_defaults_animation_rgb
+        file: $component_dir/anim.apng
+        type: rgb
diff --git a/tests/components/api/common-base.yaml b/tests/components/api/common-base.yaml
index d7470ee4b3..5e3139da48 100644
--- a/tests/components/api/common-base.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/api/common-base.yaml
@@ -9,6 +9,14 @@ esphome:
           event: esphome.button_pressed
           data:
             message: Button was pressed
+      - homeassistant.event:
+          event: esphome.button_pressed_with_variables
+          data_template:
+            message: Button {{ button_name }} ({{ button_index }}) was pressed from {{ button_source }}
+          variables:
+            button_name: !lambda 'return std::string("test_button");'
+            button_index: !lambda 'return 1;'
+            button_source: static_value
       - homeassistant.action:
           action: notify.html5
           data:
@@ -53,8 +61,12 @@ api:
   reboot_timeout: 0min
   actions:
     - action: hello_world
+      description: Log a greeting
       variables:
-        name: string
+        name:
+          type: string
+          description: Name to greet
+          example: World
       then:
         - logger.log:
             format: Hello World %s!
diff --git a/tests/components/api/common.yaml b/tests/components/api/common.yaml
index 6115838b6d..42eb32a92a 100644
--- a/tests/components/api/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/api/common.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-<<: !include common-base.yaml
+packages:
+  base: !include common-base.yaml
 
 api:
   encryption:
diff --git a/tests/components/api/test_proto_mac_varint.cpp b/tests/components/api/test_proto_mac_varint.cpp
index f2a63e96f6..9ea6ce1cd9 100644
--- a/tests/components/api/test_proto_mac_varint.cpp
+++ b/tests/components/api/test_proto_mac_varint.cpp
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ static void verify_mac(uint64_t mac, size_t expected_bytes) {
   size_t ref_len = reference_encode(mac, ref_buf);
 
   APIBuffer api_buf;
-  api_buf.resize(16);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(api_buf.resize(16));
   uint8_t *pos = api_buf.data();
 #ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_API
   uint8_t *proto_debug_end_ = api_buf.data() + api_buf.size();
diff --git a/tests/components/atc_mithermometer/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/atc_mithermometer/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..78787099dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/atc_mithermometer/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: atc_mithermometer
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:4E:16:78
+    temperature:
+      name: ATC Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: ATC Humidity
diff --git a/tests/components/atc_mithermometer/common.yaml b/tests/components/atc_mithermometer/common.yaml
index 0248090c23..c6da2fa173 100644
--- a/tests/components/atc_mithermometer/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/atc_mithermometer/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: atc_mithermometer
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: A4:C1:38:4E:16:78
     temperature:
       name: ATC Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/atc_mithermometer/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/atc_mithermometer/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..144ba0e3f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/atc_mithermometer/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  atc_mithermometer: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/atc_mithermometer/validate-legacy-key.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/atc_mithermometer/validate-legacy-key.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..44bc401caa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/atc_mithermometer/validate-legacy-key.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# The esp32_ble_id -> ble_hub_id alias (removal 2027.2.0) still validates.
+esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: atc_mithermometer
+    esp32_ble_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:4E:16:78
+    temperature:
+      name: ATC Legacy Key Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/atc_mithermometer/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/atc_mithermometer/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7528dbf8dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/atc_mithermometer/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_hub
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: atc_mithermometer
+    ble_hub_id: ble_hub
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:4E:16:78
+    temperature:
+      name: BK ATC Temperature
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: atc_mithermometer
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:4E:16:79
+    temperature:
+      name: BK ATC Implicit Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/audio_http/common.yaml b/tests/components/audio_http/common.yaml
index b7457165a5..7bee370c90 100644
--- a/tests/components/audio_http/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/audio_http/common.yaml
@@ -4,4 +4,5 @@ media_source:
   - platform: audio_http
     id: audio_http_source
     buffer_size: 100000
+    persistent_ring_buffer: true
     task_stack_in_psram: true
diff --git a/tests/components/b_parasite/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/b_parasite/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..797b94c76f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/b_parasite/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: b_parasite
+    mac_address: F0:CA:F0:CA:01:01
+    humidity:
+      name: b-parasite Air Humidity
+    temperature:
+      name: b-parasite Air Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/b_parasite/common.yaml b/tests/components/b_parasite/common.yaml
index 262e891bb2..e603d058b7 100644
--- a/tests/components/b_parasite/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/b_parasite/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: b_parasite
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: F0:CA:F0:CA:01:01
     humidity:
       name: b-parasite Air Humidity
diff --git a/tests/components/b_parasite/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/b_parasite/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f711f63aa7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/b_parasite/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  b_parasite: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/b_parasite/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/b_parasite/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fab4895d7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/b_parasite/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: b_parasite
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: F0:CA:F0:CA:01:01
+    humidity:
+      name: b-parasite Air Humidity
+    temperature:
+      name: b-parasite Air Temperature
+    moisture:
+      name: b-parasite Soil Moisture
+    battery_voltage:
+      name: b-parasite Battery Voltage
+    illuminance:
+      name: b-parasite Illuminance
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: b_parasite
+    mac_address: F0:CA:F0:CA:01:02
+    temperature:
+      name: BK b-parasite Implicit Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/beken_spi_led_strip/test.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/beken_spi_led_strip/test.bk72xx-ard.yaml
index 15409caeaf..2bb831848c 100644
--- a/tests/components/beken_spi_led_strip/test.bk72xx-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/beken_spi_led_strip/test.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 light:
   - platform: beken_spi_led_strip
-    rgb_order: GRB
+    channel_colors: GRB
     pin: P16
     num_leds: 30
     chipset: ws2812
diff --git a/tests/components/beken_spi_led_strip/validate-legacy.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/beken_spi_led_strip/validate-legacy.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3ca78398c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/beken_spi_led_strip/validate-legacy.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# The deprecated rgb_order / is_rgbw / is_wrgb keys, kept working until 2027.3.0.
+# Config-only, and only one strip because P16 is the sole supported pin.
+light:
+  - platform: beken_spi_led_strip
+    name: Legacy RGBW
+    pin: P16
+    num_leds: 30
+    chipset: sk6812
+    rgb_order: GRB
+    is_rgbw: true # -> GRBW
diff --git a/tests/components/binary_sensor/common.yaml b/tests/components/binary_sensor/common.yaml
index 4f4cf6ea59..d0a16cc99c 100644
--- a/tests/components/binary_sensor/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/binary_sensor/common.yaml
@@ -136,3 +136,19 @@ binary_sensor:
         invalid_cooldown: 2s
         then:
           - logger.log: "Click with custom cooldown"
+
+  # Test on_click and on_double_click (compiles match_interval via
+  # USE_BINARY_SENSOR_CLICK_TRIGGER)
+  - platform: template
+    id: click_triggers
+    name: "Click Triggers"
+    on_click:
+      min_length: 50ms
+      max_length: 350ms
+      then:
+        - logger.log: "Clicked"
+    on_double_click:
+      min_length: 50ms
+      max_length: 350ms
+      then:
+        - logger.log: "Double clicked"
diff --git a/tests/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/validate-passive.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/validate-passive.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ad25fd6b64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/validate-passive.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Passive scanning variant: the package merge keeps the shared parameters from
+# common.yaml and overrides only the mode.
+packages:
+  bk72xx_ble_tracker: !include common.yaml
+
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  scan_parameters:
+    active: false
diff --git a/tests/components/ble_device_base/__init__.py b/tests/components/ble_device_base/__init__.py
index 1b041df8df..4dbd0becd8 100644
--- a/tests/components/ble_device_base/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/components/ble_device_base/__init__.py
@@ -6,7 +6,11 @@ def override_manifest(manifest: ComponentManifestOverride) -> None:
     # resolve_irk() is compiled only when a sensor configures irk:
     # (request_irk_support() emits USE_BLE_DEVICE_IRK). The unit-test build has
     # no sensors, so emit the define here to put the real IRK path under test.
+    # Likewise the scan-response merger (emitted by the split-report trackers)
+    # and the listener vector it dispatches into (codegen-sized by consumers).
     async def to_code_testing(config):
         cg.add_define("USE_BLE_DEVICE_IRK")
+        cg.add_define("USE_BLE_SCAN_RESPONSE_MERGER")
+        cg.add_define("ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT", 4)
 
     manifest.to_code = to_code_testing
diff --git a/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_aes_ccm.cpp b/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_aes_ccm.cpp
index 39b2f81dcf..c844a30b2c 100644
--- a/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_aes_ccm.cpp
+++ b/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_aes_ccm.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,33 @@ const uint8_t TAG[4] = {0x48, 0x4d, 0xaa, 0x56};
 const uint8_t PLAINTEXT[7] = {0x02, 0x01, 0x64, 0x03, 0x10, 0x8a, 0x01};
 }  // namespace
 
+// Xiaomi's parameters differ from BTHome's: a 12-byte nonce and a 1-byte AAD
+// (0x11). Both the AAD block and the l = 3 length encoding are only reachable
+// through this shape, so they need their own vector. Generated the same way.
+namespace {
+const uint8_t NONCE_XIAOMI[12] = {0x30, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37, 0x38, 0x39, 0x3a, 0x3b};
+const uint8_t AAD_XIAOMI[1] = {0x11};
+const uint8_t CIPHERTEXT_XIAOMI[5] = {0xc3, 0x7e, 0x0a, 0x1d, 0x23};
+const uint8_t TAG_XIAOMI[4] = {0x98, 0x79, 0x87, 0xc6};
+const uint8_t PLAINTEXT_XIAOMI[5] = {0x04, 0x10, 0x02, 0xd4, 0x00};
+}  // namespace
+
+TEST(BleAesCcm, DecryptsXiaomiShapedVector) {
+  uint8_t out[sizeof(PLAINTEXT_XIAOMI)] = {};
+  EXPECT_TRUE(aes_ccm_auth_decrypt(KEY, NONCE_XIAOMI, sizeof(NONCE_XIAOMI), AAD_XIAOMI, sizeof(AAD_XIAOMI),
+                                   CIPHERTEXT_XIAOMI, sizeof(CIPHERTEXT_XIAOMI), out, TAG_XIAOMI, sizeof(TAG_XIAOMI)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, memcmp(out, PLAINTEXT_XIAOMI, sizeof(PLAINTEXT_XIAOMI)));
+}
+
+TEST(BleAesCcm, RejectsWrongAssociatedData) {
+  uint8_t bad_aad[sizeof(AAD_XIAOMI)];
+  memcpy(bad_aad, AAD_XIAOMI, sizeof(AAD_XIAOMI));
+  bad_aad[0] ^= 0x01;
+  uint8_t out[sizeof(PLAINTEXT_XIAOMI)] = {};
+  EXPECT_FALSE(aes_ccm_auth_decrypt(KEY, NONCE_XIAOMI, sizeof(NONCE_XIAOMI), bad_aad, sizeof(bad_aad),
+                                    CIPHERTEXT_XIAOMI, sizeof(CIPHERTEXT_XIAOMI), out, TAG_XIAOMI, sizeof(TAG_XIAOMI)));
+}
+
 TEST(BleAesCcm, DecryptsAndAuthenticatesKnownVector) {
   uint8_t out[sizeof(PLAINTEXT)] = {};
   EXPECT_TRUE(aes_ccm_auth_decrypt(KEY, NONCE, sizeof(NONCE), nullptr, 0, CIPHERTEXT, sizeof(CIPHERTEXT), out, TAG,
diff --git a/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_gatt_client_contract.cpp b/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_gatt_client_contract.cpp
index fb743b2699..89eb56642e 100644
--- a/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_gatt_client_contract.cpp
+++ b/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_gatt_client_contract.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 // The GATT client contract compiles in no real build until a hub backend is
 // configured; this TU pins it on the host so the header cannot rot unseen.
+// The contract is a concept (BLEGattConnection is a per-platform alias), so
+// the minimal backend here proves the concept stays satisfiable and routes
+// events through the GattClientListener interface the way a real backend does.
 #define USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
 
 #include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_gatt_client.h"
@@ -8,44 +11,55 @@
 
 namespace esphome::ble_device_base::testing {
 
-class RecordingListener : public GattClientEventListener {
+// Overrides only what it records; the interface's defaults cover the rest.
+class RecordingListener : public GattClientListener {
  public:
   void on_connection_state(bool connected, uint16_t mtu, int error) override { this->connected_ = connected; }
   void on_service_discovery_done(int error) override { this->discovery_error_ = error; }
-  void on_read_result(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len, int error) override {}
-  void on_write_result(uint16_t handle, int error) override {}
-  void on_notify_state(uint16_t handle, bool enabled, int error) override {}
-  void on_notify_data(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) override {}
+  void on_write_result(uint16_t handle, int error) override { this->write_handle_ = handle; }
+
   bool connected_{false};
   int discovery_error_{0};
+  uint16_t write_handle_{0};
 };
 
-class MinimalConnection : public BLEGattConnection {
+class MinimalConnection {
  public:
-  int connect(uint64_t address, uint8_t addr_type) override {
-    if (this->listener_ != nullptr)
-      this->listener_->on_connection_state(true, 517, 0);
+  void set_listener(GattClientListener *listener) { this->listener_ = listener; }
+
+  int connect(uint64_t address, uint8_t addr_type) {
+    this->listener_->on_connection_state(true, 517, 0);
     return 0;
   }
-  int disconnect() override { return 0; }
-  int discover_services() override {
-    if (this->listener_ != nullptr)
-      this->listener_->on_service_discovery_done(0);
+  bool cancel_gatt_disconnect() { return false; }
+  int gatt_disconnect() { return 0; }
+  int discover_services() {
+    this->listener_->on_service_discovery_done(0);
     return 0;
   }
-  int read_characteristic(uint16_t handle) override { return GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED; }
-  int write_characteristic(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len, bool response) override { return 0; }
-  int read_descriptor(uint16_t handle) override { return 0; }
-  int write_descriptor(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) override { return 0; }
-  int notify_characteristic(uint16_t handle, bool enable) override { return 0; }
-  int update_connection_params(uint16_t min_interval, uint16_t max_interval, uint16_t latency,
-                               uint16_t timeout) override {
+  int read_characteristic(uint16_t handle) { return GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED; }
+  int write_characteristic(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len, bool response) {
+    this->listener_->on_write_result(handle, 0);
     return 0;
   }
-  GattServiceTable get_service_table() override { return {}; }
-  void release_services() override {}
+  int read_descriptor(uint16_t handle) { return 0; }
+  int write_descriptor(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) { return 0; }
+  int notify_characteristic(uint16_t handle, bool enable) { return 0; }
+  int pair() { return GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED; }
+  int update_connection_params(uint16_t min_interval, uint16_t max_interval, uint16_t latency, uint16_t timeout) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  GattServiceTable get_service_table() { return {}; }
+  void release_services() {}
+  void set_connection_type(ConnectionType ct) {}
+
+ protected:
+  GattClientListener *listener_{nullptr};
 };
 
+static_assert(BLEGattConnectionContract<MinimalConnection>,
+              "a minimal backend must satisfy the contract the alias asserts");
+
 TEST(BleGattClientContract, MinimalImplementerCompilesAndRoutesEvents) {
   MinimalConnection connection;
   RecordingListener listener;
@@ -55,6 +69,8 @@ TEST(BleGattClientContract, MinimalImplementerCompilesAndRoutesEvents) {
   EXPECT_EQ(connection.discover_services(), 0);
   EXPECT_EQ(listener.discovery_error_, 0);
   EXPECT_EQ(connection.read_characteristic(1), GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED);
+  EXPECT_EQ(connection.write_characteristic(7, nullptr, 0, true), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(listener.write_handle_, 7);
 
   // A default table is empty and safe to walk.
   GattServiceTable table = connection.get_service_table();
diff --git a/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_raw_callback.cpp b/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_raw_callback.cpp
index cd18c3db59..62a9aebb81 100644
--- a/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_raw_callback.cpp
+++ b/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_raw_callback.cpp
@@ -13,17 +13,12 @@ namespace esphome::ble_device_base::testing {
 //
 // The in-tree emit site (BK72xxBLETracker::on_scan_report) compiles against
 // the Beken SDK and cannot run host-side, so the guard-and-fire semantics are
-// pinned here through a minimal host BLEHub implementation instead.
+// pinned here through a minimal host hub carrying only the slot under test.
 namespace {
 
-class FakeHub : public BLEHub {
+class FakeHub {
  public:
-  void register_listener(ESPBTDeviceListener *listener) override {}
-  void set_raw_advertisement_callback(RawAdvertisementCallback callback) override { this->callback_ = callback; }
-  HubCapabilities get_capabilities() const override { return {false, false, false}; }
-  void get_adapter_mac(uint8_t out[6]) override {}
-  bool scan_running() override { return false; }
-  bool scan_active() override { return false; }
+  void set_raw_advertisement_callback(RawAdvertisementCallback callback) { this->callback_ = callback; }
 
   /// The emit path every tracker implements: fire only when a subscriber is set.
   void emit(const RawAdvertisement &adv) {
@@ -46,13 +41,13 @@ struct CapturingSubscriber {
   }
 };
 
-// Device AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF — controller order delivers FF first.
-const uint8_t MAC_LSB_FIRST[6] = {0xff, 0xee, 0xdd, 0xcc, 0xbb, 0xaa};
+// Device AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF, packed the way the API speaks it.
+constexpr uint64_t TEST_ADDRESS = 0xAABBCCDDEEFFULL;
 const uint8_t ADV_DATA[4] = {0x02, 0x01, 0x06, 0x00};
 
 RawAdvertisement make_test_adv() {
   return RawAdvertisement{
-      .mac = MAC_LSB_FIRST, .data = ADV_DATA, .data_len = sizeof(ADV_DATA), .rssi = -63, .addr_type = 1};
+      .address = TEST_ADDRESS, .data = ADV_DATA, .data_len = sizeof(ADV_DATA), .rssi = -63, .addr_type = 1};
 }
 
 }  // namespace
@@ -70,7 +65,7 @@ TEST(RawAdvertisementCallback, SubscriberSeesFieldsUnchanged) {
   hub.emit(make_test_adv());
 
   ASSERT_EQ(subscriber.calls, 1);
-  EXPECT_EQ(subscriber.last.mac, MAC_LSB_FIRST);
+  EXPECT_EQ(subscriber.last.address, TEST_ADDRESS);
   EXPECT_EQ(subscriber.last.data, ADV_DATA);
   EXPECT_EQ(subscriber.last.data_len, sizeof(ADV_DATA));
   EXPECT_EQ(subscriber.last.rssi, -63);
diff --git a/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_scan_mode_request.cpp b/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_scan_mode_request.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 9125eb6f2f..0000000000
--- a/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_scan_mode_request.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
-
-#include <cstdint>
-
-#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_hub.h"
-
-namespace esphome::ble_device_base::testing {
-
-// Pins the request_scan_mode() contract: the base default refuses (so hubs
-// without a mode switch — and out-of-tree trackers — keep building and
-// callers report the real state), while an overriding hub both honors the
-// request and applies it.
-namespace {
-
-class DefaultHub : public BLEHub {
- public:
-  void register_listener(ESPBTDeviceListener *listener) override {}
-  void set_raw_advertisement_callback(RawAdvertisementCallback callback) override {}
-  HubCapabilities get_capabilities() const override { return {false, false, false}; }
-  void get_adapter_mac(uint8_t out[6]) override {}
-  bool scan_running() override { return false; }
-  // Backed by real state so "changes nothing" is observable: a base default
-  // that silently mutated the hub would flip this and fail the assertion.
-  bool scan_active() override { return this->active_; }
-
- protected:
-  bool active_{true};
-};
-
-class SwitchingHub : public DefaultHub {
- public:
-  HubCapabilities get_capabilities() const override { return {true, false, false, /* scan_mode_switch = */ true}; }
-  bool request_scan_mode(bool active) override {
-    this->active_ = active;
-    return true;
-  }
-};
-
-// The esp32 shape: the controller supports active scanning but the hub keeps
-// the refusing default (mode is driven through its own tracker API).
-class CapableRefusingHub : public DefaultHub {
- public:
-  HubCapabilities get_capabilities() const override { return {true, false, false}; }
-};
-
-}  // namespace
-
-TEST(BLEHubScanModeRequest, DefaultRefusesAndChangesNothing) {
-  DefaultHub hub;
-  EXPECT_TRUE(hub.scan_active());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.request_scan_mode(false));
-  // Refused, not applied-and-reported-false: the state is untouched.
-  EXPECT_TRUE(hub.scan_active());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.request_scan_mode(true));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(hub.scan_active());
-}
-
-TEST(BLEHubScanModeRequest, OverrideHonorsAndApplies) {
-  SwitchingHub hub;
-  EXPECT_TRUE(hub.get_capabilities().scan_mode_switch);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(hub.request_scan_mode(true));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(hub.scan_active());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(hub.request_scan_mode(false));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.scan_active());
-}
-
-TEST(BLEHubScanModeRequest, CapabilityAndSwitchAreIndependent) {
-  CapableRefusingHub hub;
-  EXPECT_TRUE(hub.get_capabilities().active_scan);
-  // The esp32 shape advertises no runtime switch, and the request refuses.
-  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.get_capabilities().scan_mode_switch);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.request_scan_mode(false));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(hub.scan_active());
-}
-
-}  // namespace esphome::ble_device_base::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_scan_response_merger.cpp b/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_scan_response_merger.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ec157715fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_scan_response_merger.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+// The host test build gets this from the manifest override; clang-tidy does not.
+#ifndef USE_BLE_SCAN_RESPONSE_MERGER
+#define USE_BLE_SCAN_RESPONSE_MERGER
+#endif
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/scan_response_merger.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ble_device_base::testing {
+namespace {
+
+// Pins the merge policy three trackers share (ln882h, rp2, bk72xx): slot
+// bookkeeping, the same-device reuse path, the table-full fallback, the
+// 62-byte truncation, the advertisement-RSSI choice and the raw_only gate.
+// Delivery is observed through a real AdvDispatcher: the raw callback sees
+// every frame (including raw_only), a listener only the parsed ones.
+
+struct DeliveredFrame {
+  uint64_t address;
+  std::vector<uint8_t> data;
+  int8_t rssi;
+};
+
+struct RawCapture {
+  std::vector<DeliveredFrame> frames;
+
+  static void trampoline(void *self, const RawAdvertisement &adv) {
+    auto *capture = static_cast<RawCapture *>(self);
+    capture->frames.push_back({adv.address, std::vector<uint8_t>(adv.data, adv.data + adv.data_len), adv.rssi});
+  }
+};
+
+class CountingListener : public ESPBTDeviceListener {
+ public:
+  bool parse_device(const ESPBTDevice &device) override {
+    this->parsed++;
+    return true;  // claimed: keeps the discovered log quiet
+  }
+  int parsed{0};
+};
+
+class ScanResponseMergerTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  void SetUp() override {
+    this->dispatcher_.set_raw_advertisement_callback({&this->raw_, &RawCapture::trampoline});
+    this->dispatcher_.register_listener(&this->listener_);
+    this->merger_.bind(&this->dispatcher_, &this->scan_continuous_, "test");
+  }
+
+  void stash_(const uint8_t (&mac)[6], int8_t rssi, uint8_t data_len, uint8_t fill, uint32_t now = 0) {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> data(data_len, fill);
+    this->merger_.stash_adv(mac, rssi, 0, data.data(), data_len, now);
+  }
+
+  void scan_rsp_(const uint8_t (&mac)[6], int8_t rssi, uint8_t data_len, uint8_t fill) {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> data(data_len, fill);
+    this->merger_.submit_scan_rsp(mac, rssi, 0, data.data(), data_len);
+  }
+
+  ScanResponseMerger merger_;
+  AdvDispatcher dispatcher_;
+  RawCapture raw_;
+  CountingListener listener_;
+  bool scan_continuous_{true};
+};
+
+constexpr uint8_t MAC_A[6] = {0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06};
+constexpr uint8_t MAC_B[6] = {0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16};
+
+TEST_F(ScanResponseMergerTest, MatchedPairDeliversOneMergedFrameWithAdvRssi) {
+  this->stash_(MAC_A, -40, 20, 0xAA);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(this->raw_.frames.empty());  // held, not delivered
+
+  this->scan_rsp_(MAC_A, -70, 10, 0xBB);
+  ASSERT_EQ(this->raw_.frames.size(), 1u);
+  const auto &frame = this->raw_.frames[0];
+  ASSERT_EQ(frame.data.size(), 30u);  // adv + response as ONE frame
+  EXPECT_EQ(frame.data[0], 0xAA);
+  EXPECT_EQ(frame.data[19], 0xAA);
+  EXPECT_EQ(frame.data[20], 0xBB);
+  // The advertisement's RSSI, never the scan response's.
+  EXPECT_EQ(frame.rssi, -40);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->listener_.parsed, 1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(this->merger_.empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ScanResponseMergerTest, ReAdvertisementDeliversHeldFrameAndReusesSlot) {
+  this->stash_(MAC_A, -40, 20, 0xAA);
+  this->stash_(MAC_A, -45, 22, 0xCC);  // same device again: first frame is delivered
+  ASSERT_EQ(this->raw_.frames.size(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->raw_.frames[0].data.size(), 20u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->raw_.frames[0].rssi, -40);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(this->merger_.empty());  // the second advertisement now holds the slot
+
+  this->scan_rsp_(MAC_A, -70, 5, 0xBB);
+  ASSERT_EQ(this->raw_.frames.size(), 2u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->raw_.frames[1].data.size(), 27u);  // 22 + 5, merged from the reused slot
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->raw_.frames[1].rssi, -45);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ScanResponseMergerTest, FullTableDegradesToUnmergedDelivery) {
+  uint8_t mac[6] = {0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+    mac[5] = i;
+    this->stash_(mac, -50, 10, i);
+  }
+  EXPECT_TRUE(this->raw_.frames.empty());  // 8 slots, all held
+
+  mac[5] = 8;
+  this->stash_(mac, -50, 10, 8);            // 9th device: no slot left
+  ASSERT_EQ(this->raw_.frames.size(), 1u);  // delivered immediately, unmerged
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->raw_.frames[0].data.size(), 10u);
+
+  this->merger_.flush();  // the 8 held frames are all still intact
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->raw_.frames.size(), 9u);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(this->merger_.empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ScanResponseMergerTest, MergeTruncatesAtBufferCapacity) {
+  this->stash_(MAC_A, -40, 31, 0xAA);
+  this->scan_rsp_(MAC_A, -70, 40, 0xBB);  // only 31 bytes of room remain
+  ASSERT_EQ(this->raw_.frames.size(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->raw_.frames[0].data.size(), 62u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->raw_.frames[0].data[31], 0xBB);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->raw_.frames[0].data[61], 0xBB);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ScanResponseMergerTest, UnmatchedScanResponseIsRawOnly) {
+  this->scan_rsp_(MAC_B, -60, 12, 0xDD);
+  ASSERT_EQ(this->raw_.frames.size(), 1u);  // still forwarded on the raw path
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->raw_.frames[0].rssi, -60);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->listener_.parsed, 0);  // but never parsed for listeners
+}
+
+TEST_F(ScanResponseMergerTest, AddrTypeIsPartOfTheMatchKey) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> adv(20, 0xAA);
+  this->merger_.stash_adv(MAC_A, -40, /*addr_type=*/0, adv.data(), adv.size(), 0);
+  std::vector<uint8_t> rsp(10, 0xBB);
+  this->merger_.submit_scan_rsp(MAC_A, -70, /*addr_type=*/1, rsp.data(), rsp.size());
+  // Same MAC, different addr_type: no merge — the response goes out raw_only.
+  ASSERT_EQ(this->raw_.frames.size(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->raw_.frames[0].data.size(), 10u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->listener_.parsed, 0);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(this->merger_.empty());  // the advertisement is still held
+}
+
+TEST_F(ScanResponseMergerTest, SweepDeliversOnlyPastTheTimeout) {
+  this->stash_(MAC_A, -40, 20, 0xAA, /*now=*/1000);
+  this->merger_.sweep(1300);  // exactly 300 ms: not yet past the timeout
+  EXPECT_TRUE(this->raw_.frames.empty());
+  this->merger_.sweep(1301);
+  ASSERT_EQ(this->raw_.frames.size(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->raw_.frames[0].rssi, -40);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->listener_.parsed, 1);  // timeout delivery is a full parse, not raw_only
+  EXPECT_TRUE(this->merger_.empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ScanResponseMergerTest, FlushDeliversEverythingImmediately) {
+  this->stash_(MAC_A, -40, 20, 0xAA, /*now=*/1000);
+  this->stash_(MAC_B, -50, 15, 0xBB, /*now=*/1000);
+  this->merger_.flush();
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->raw_.frames.size(), 2u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->listener_.parsed, 2);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(this->merger_.empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ScanResponseMergerTest, UnboundMergerDropsInsteadOfCrashing) {
+  ScanResponseMerger unbound;
+  std::vector<uint8_t> data(20, 0xAA);
+  unbound.stash_adv(MAC_A, -40, 0, data.data(), data.size(), 0);
+  unbound.submit_scan_rsp(MAC_A, -70, 0, data.data(), data.size());
+  unbound.sweep(1000);
+  unbound.flush();  // no null jump anywhere
+  EXPECT_TRUE(unbound.empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ScanResponseMergerTest, PartialBindIsTreatedAsUnbound) {
+  ScanResponseMerger partial;
+  partial.bind(&this->dispatcher_, nullptr, "test");
+  std::vector<uint8_t> data(20, 0xAA);
+  partial.submit_scan_rsp(MAC_A, -70, 0, data.data(), data.size());
+  partial.stash_adv(MAC_A, -40, 0, data.data(), data.size(), 0);
+  partial.flush();  // dropped, not dispatched through half a binding
+  EXPECT_TRUE(this->raw_.frames.empty());
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace esphome::ble_device_base::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_scanner_state_callback.cpp b/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_scanner_state_callback.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7515b2f38e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_scanner_state_callback.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_hub.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ble_device_base::testing {
+
+// Pins the ScannerStateCallback slot semantics, mirroring test_raw_callback:
+// a default-constructed slot is "no subscriber", a set slot delivers the
+// state, and a new registration replaces the old.
+namespace {
+
+struct CapturingSubscriber {
+  ScannerState last{ScannerState::IDLE};
+  int calls{0};
+
+  static void trampoline(void *self, ScannerState state) {
+    auto *sub = static_cast<CapturingSubscriber *>(self);
+    sub->last = state;
+    sub->calls++;
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+TEST(ScannerStateCallback, DefaultConstructedSlotIsNotSet) {
+  const ScannerStateCallback callback{};
+  EXPECT_FALSE(callback.is_set());
+}
+
+TEST(ScannerStateCallback, SubscriberSeesState) {
+  CapturingSubscriber subscriber;
+  ScannerStateCallback callback{&subscriber, CapturingSubscriber::trampoline};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(callback.is_set());
+  callback.invoke(ScannerState::RUNNING);
+  EXPECT_EQ(subscriber.calls, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(subscriber.last, ScannerState::RUNNING);
+}
+
+TEST(ScannerStateCallback, NewSubscriberReplacesOld) {
+  CapturingSubscriber first;
+  CapturingSubscriber second;
+  ScannerStateCallback callback{&first, CapturingSubscriber::trampoline};
+  callback = {&second, CapturingSubscriber::trampoline};
+  callback.invoke(ScannerState::STOPPED);
+  EXPECT_EQ(first.calls, 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(second.calls, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(second.last, ScannerState::STOPPED);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ble_device_base::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/ble_presence/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/ble_presence/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2cc5075efe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ble_presence/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: ble_presence
+    mac_address: 11:22:33:44:55:66
+    name: BLE Test Presence
diff --git a/tests/components/ble_presence/common.yaml b/tests/components/ble_presence/common.yaml
index 2ba6aa0754..bd2bb9fecc 100644
--- a/tests/components/ble_presence/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/ble_presence/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 binary_sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: ble_presence
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: AC:37:43:77:5F:4C
     name: ESP32 BLE Tracker Google Home Mini
   - platform: ble_presence
diff --git a/tests/components/ble_presence/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/ble_presence/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6a359c772c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ble_presence/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  ble_presence: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/ble_presence/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/ble_presence/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..92b39f1255
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ble_presence/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_hub
+
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: ble_presence
+    ble_hub_id: ble_hub
+    mac_address: AC:37:43:77:5F:4C
+    name: BK BLE Presence
+  - platform: ble_presence
+    irk: 1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef
+    name: BK BLE Presence IRK
diff --git a/tests/components/ble_rssi/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/ble_rssi/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f0ccc2df06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ble_rssi/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: ble_rssi
+    # irk: is the only thing that emits USE_BLE_DEVICE_IRK off ESP32
+    irk: 1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef
+    name: BLE Test RSSI
diff --git a/tests/components/ble_rssi/common.yaml b/tests/components/ble_rssi/common.yaml
index 43bed1d0e7..bbedf17c37 100644
--- a/tests/components/ble_rssi/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/ble_rssi/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: ble_rssi
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: AC:37:43:77:5F:4C
     name: BLE Google Home Mini RSSI value
   - platform: ble_rssi
@@ -14,7 +17,9 @@ sensor:
     service_uuid: 11223344-5566-7788-99aa-bbccddeeff00
     name: BLE Test Service 128
   - platform: ble_rssi
-    service_uuid: 11223344-5566-7788-99aa-bbccddeeff00
+    ibeacon_uuid: 11223344-5566-7788-99aa-bbccddeeff00
+    ibeacon_major: 100
+    ibeacon_minor: 1
     name: BLE Test iBeacon UUID
   - platform: ble_rssi
     irk: 1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef
diff --git a/tests/components/ble_rssi/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/ble_rssi/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3554484ca3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ble_rssi/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  ble_rssi: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/ble_rssi/validate-legacy-key.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/ble_rssi/validate-legacy-key.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..926701117e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ble_rssi/validate-legacy-key.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config-only: pins the esp32_ble_id: -> ble_hub_id: deprecation alias — the
+# legacy key must keep validating (with a rename warning) until its removal
+# release (2027.2.0).
+esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: legacy_tracker
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: ble_rssi
+    esp32_ble_id: legacy_tracker
+    mac_address: AC:37:43:77:5F:4C
+    name: Legacy Key RSSI
diff --git a/tests/components/ble_rssi/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/ble_rssi/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8fb6bdd201
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ble_rssi/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_hub
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: ble_rssi
+    ble_hub_id: ble_hub
+    mac_address: AC:37:43:77:5F:4C
+    name: BK BLE RSSI
+  - platform: ble_rssi
+    irk: 1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef
+    name: BK BLE RSSI IRK
diff --git a/tests/components/ble_scanner/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/ble_scanner/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6c732031d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ble_scanner/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+text_sensor:
+  - platform: ble_scanner
+    name: BLE Test Scanner
diff --git a/tests/components/ble_scanner/common.yaml b/tests/components/ble_scanner/common.yaml
index 935a5a5a19..5c8d09892f 100644
--- a/tests/components/ble_scanner/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/ble_scanner/common.yaml
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 text_sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: ble_scanner
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     name: Scanner
diff --git a/tests/components/ble_scanner/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/ble_scanner/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..26dbe4476d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ble_scanner/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  ble_scanner: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/ble_scanner/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/ble_scanner/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cb025d74b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ble_scanner/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_hub
+
+text_sensor:
+  - platform: ble_scanner
+    ble_hub_id: ble_hub
+    name: BK Scanner
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding _require_hub guards.
+  - platform: ble_scanner
+    name: BK Scanner Implicit
diff --git a/tests/components/bluetooth_connection/__init__.py b/tests/components/bluetooth_connection/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9c1ad4e74d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/bluetooth_connection/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from tests.testing_helpers import ComponentManifestOverride
+
+
+def override_manifest(manifest: ComponentManifestOverride) -> None:
+    # close_service_batch compiles only under USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS;
+    # emit the backend define so the host build exercises it.
+    async def to_code_testing(config):
+        # These defines are global to the merged host test binary; safe
+        # because no co-compiled test observes them.
+        cg.add_define("USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT")
+        cg.add_define("USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_STUB_BACKEND")
+        cg.add_define("USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY")
+        # Gates the connection half of the API surface, which is what
+        # close_service_batch and the GATT response types live behind.
+        cg.add_define("USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS")
+        cg.add_define("BLUETOOTH_PROXY_ADVERTISEMENT_BATCH_SIZE", 16)
+        cg.add_define("BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS", 1)
+
+    manifest.to_code = to_code_testing
+    # The batcher sizes api protobuf messages.
+    manifest.dependencies = manifest.dependencies + ["api"]
diff --git a/tests/components/bluetooth_connection/common.yaml b/tests/components/bluetooth_connection/common.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5e84f4a678
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/bluetooth_connection/common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+ota:
+  - platform: esphome
+
+api:
diff --git a/tests/components/bluetooth_connection/test_close_service_batch.cpp b/tests/components/bluetooth_connection/test_close_service_batch.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..601ff9202b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/bluetooth_connection/test_close_service_batch.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#include "esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection.h"
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h"
+
+namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection {
+
+// The three cursor behaviors: a fitting service advances and continues, an
+// overflowing batch with >1 service pops and retries it, and a single
+// oversized service is force-advanced so the stream cannot wedge.
+
+static void add_service(api::BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse &resp, uint16_t characteristics) {
+  resp.services.emplace_back();
+  auto &svc = resp.services.back();
+  svc.handle = resp.services.size();
+  svc.uuid = {0x1234567890ABCDEFULL, 0xFEDCBA0987654321ULL};
+  svc.characteristics.init(characteristics);
+  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < characteristics; i++) {
+    auto &chr = svc.characteristics.emplace_back();
+    chr.handle = 100 + i;
+    chr.properties = 0x12;
+    chr.uuid = {0x1234567890ABCDEFULL, 0xFEDCBA0987654321ULL};
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(CloseServiceBatch, FittingServiceAdvancesAndContinues) {
+  api::BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse resp;
+  add_service(resp, 1);
+  size_t current_size = 0;
+  int16_t cursor = 0;
+  EXPECT_EQ(close_service_batch(resp, current_size, cursor, 0, "AA:BB"), BatchClose::CONTINUE);
+  EXPECT_EQ(cursor, 1);
+  EXPECT_GT(current_size, 0u);
+}
+
+TEST(CloseServiceBatch, OverflowPopsAndRetriesWithoutAdvancing) {
+  api::BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse resp;
+  add_service(resp, 1);
+  add_service(resp, 1);
+  size_t current_size = MAX_PACKET_SIZE - 10;  // any service is bigger than 10 bytes
+  int16_t cursor = 5;
+  EXPECT_EQ(close_service_batch(resp, current_size, cursor, 0, "AA:BB"), BatchClose::SEND);
+  EXPECT_EQ(resp.services.size(), 1u);  // popped for the next batch
+  EXPECT_EQ(cursor, 5);                 // not advanced: retried next batch
+}
+
+TEST(CloseServiceBatch, SingleOversizedServiceForceAdvances) {
+  api::BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse resp;
+  add_service(resp, 60);  // ~30 bytes per characteristic, far past the budget
+  ASSERT_GT(resp.services.back().calculate_size(), MAX_PACKET_SIZE);
+  size_t current_size = 0;
+  int16_t cursor = 7;
+  EXPECT_EQ(close_service_batch(resp, current_size, cursor, 0, "AA:BB"), BatchClose::SEND);
+  EXPECT_EQ(cursor, 8);  // advanced despite not fitting, so the stream moves on
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection
diff --git a/tests/components/bluetooth_connection/test_gatt_uuid.cpp b/tests/components/bluetooth_connection/test_gatt_uuid.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b3596a4364
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/bluetooth_connection/test_gatt_uuid.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Pins the shared UUID wire packing and the size-estimate budget the service
+// streamers rely on, in both efficient and legacy client modes.
+#include "esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection.h"
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection::testing {
+
+using ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID;
+
+TEST(GattUuidPacking, ShortUuidUsedWhenClientSupportsIt) {
+  std::array<uint64_t, 2> uuid128{};
+  uint32_t short_uuid = 0;
+  fill_gatt_uuid(uuid128, short_uuid, ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(0x180F), true);
+  EXPECT_EQ(short_uuid, 0x180Fu);
+  EXPECT_EQ(uuid128[0], 0u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(uuid128[1], 0u);
+}
+
+TEST(GattUuidPacking, LegacyClientGetsBaseUuidExpansion) {
+  // 0000180F-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB
+  std::array<uint64_t, 2> uuid128{};
+  uint32_t short_uuid = 0;
+  fill_gatt_uuid(uuid128, short_uuid, ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(0x180F), false);
+  EXPECT_EQ(short_uuid, 0u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(uuid128[0], 0x0000180F00001000ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(uuid128[1], 0x800000805F9B34FBULL);
+}
+
+TEST(GattUuidPacking, FullUuidPassesThroughBigEndian) {
+  // 12345678-90AB-CDEF-1122-334455667788, stored little-endian in ESPBTUUID.
+  const uint8_t big_endian[16] = {0x12, 0x34, 0x56, 0x78, 0x90, 0xAB, 0xCD, 0xEF,
+                                  0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0x77, 0x88};
+  std::array<uint64_t, 2> uuid128{};
+  uint32_t short_uuid = 0;
+  // Efficient mode must still use the 128-bit form for 128-bit UUIDs.
+  fill_gatt_uuid(uuid128, short_uuid, ESPBTUUID::from_raw_reversed(big_endian), true);
+  EXPECT_EQ(short_uuid, 0u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(uuid128[0], 0x1234567890ABCDEFULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(uuid128[1], 0x1122334455667788ULL);
+}
+
+TEST(GattUuidPacking, EstimateGrowsWithCharacteristicsAndMode) {
+  // The estimate only gates batching; pin its shape, not exact bytes.
+  EXPECT_LT(estimate_service_size(0, true), estimate_service_size(0, false));
+  EXPECT_LT(estimate_service_size(1, false), estimate_service_size(2, false));
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/bluetooth_connection/validate.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/bluetooth_connection/validate.rp2040-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d3674b8406
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/bluetooth_connection/validate.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Distinct shape from bluetooth_proxy's own rp2 fixtures: explicit slot count
+# on the platform whose backend lives in this component (validate-only, so it
+# never collides with grouped builds).
+packages:
+  common: !include common.yaml
+
+rp2_ble_tracker:
+
+# Two slots: the one shape where the wrap pools are smaller than the cap.
+bluetooth_proxy:
+  active: true
+  connection_slots: 2
diff --git a/tests/components/bluetooth_proxy/test-passive.esp32-c6-idf.yaml b/tests/components/bluetooth_proxy/test-passive.esp32-c6-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b3445f16c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/bluetooth_proxy/test-passive.esp32-c6-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Advertisement-only proxy on esp32 by explicit choice: no GATT backend is
+# compiled (USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT unset), which pins the HAS_GATT gating and the
+# address-scoped maintenance path that a connections build never exercises.
+# Under batch grouping the active default build is what runs; the standalone
+# compile of this fixture is what exercises the passive gating.
+packages:
+  common: !include common.yaml
+
+esp32_ble_tracker:
+
+bluetooth_proxy:
+  active: false
diff --git a/tests/components/bluetooth_proxy/test-passive.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/bluetooth_proxy/test-passive.rp2040-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ae0f00d765
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/bluetooth_proxy/test-passive.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Advertisement-only proxy on rp2 by explicit choice. Variant tests compile
+# as their own builds when this component is tested individually; under CI
+# batch grouping the active default build is what runs, so this fixture's
+# guarantee is the individual run plus config validation.
+packages:
+  common: !include common.yaml
+
+rp2_ble_tracker:
+
+bluetooth_proxy:
+  active: false
diff --git a/tests/components/bluetooth_proxy/test.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/bluetooth_proxy/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
index fd327bcc78..77ed2ea32d 100644
--- a/tests/components/bluetooth_proxy/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/bluetooth_proxy/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
-# Advertisement-only proxy on the rp2 BLE hub — the one non-esp32 platform the
-# proxy admits today (active-scan-capable), and a target CI fully compiles.
+# Full proxy on the rp2 BLE hub: active defaults to true here (esp32 parity),
+# so this compiles the BTstack GATT client backend with the default three
+# connection slots, exercising the rp2040_ble/btstack_memory.cpp pool --wrap
+# link.
 # No explicit ble_hub_id: the generated binding resolves the single declared
 # hub, and an inline id here would collide with rp2_ble_tracker's own fixture
 # once CI merges both components into one grouped rp2040-ard build (grouped
diff --git a/tests/components/bluetooth_proxy/test.rp2350-ard.yaml b/tests/components/bluetooth_proxy/test.rp2350-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1abc62cedb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/bluetooth_proxy/test.rp2350-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Pico 2 W build of the full proxy: links the rp2350 framework archive, so
+# the pool --wrap overrides and their per-architecture layout asserts are
+# exercised for this chip too (see test.rp2040-ard.yaml for the slot shape).
+packages:
+  common: !include common.yaml
+
+rp2_ble_tracker:
+
+bluetooth_proxy:
diff --git a/tests/components/bluetooth_proxy/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/bluetooth_proxy/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..331d679510
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/bluetooth_proxy/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Advertisement-only proxy on the bk72xx BLE hub (active-scan-capable since the
+# tracker's packed-command start). Config-only: the CI base board generic-bk7252
+# is BLE 4.2 and cannot compile the BLE 5.x tracker. Same bare-hub arrangement
+# as test.ln882x-ard.yaml: no explicit ble_hub_id so a grouped build cannot
+# collide with bk72xx_ble_tracker's own fixture id.
+packages:
+  common: !include common.yaml
+
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+
+bluetooth_proxy:
diff --git a/tests/components/bthome_mithermometer/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/bthome_mithermometer/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..947f8890f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/bthome_mithermometer/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: bthome_mithermometer
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:4E:16:78
+    # bindkey compiles ble_device_base::aes_ccm_auth_decrypt off Espressif
+    bindkey: eef418daf699a0c188f3bfd17e4565d9
+    temperature:
+      name: BTHome Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: BTHome Humidity
diff --git a/tests/components/bthome_mithermometer/common.yaml b/tests/components/bthome_mithermometer/common.yaml
index 7a68fae966..d61738bbe5 100644
--- a/tests/components/bthome_mithermometer/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/bthome_mithermometer/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: bthome_mithermometer
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: A4:C1:38:4E:16:78
     bindkey: eef418daf699a0c188f3bfd17e4565d9
     temperature:
diff --git a/tests/components/bthome_mithermometer/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/bthome_mithermometer/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d03ff4a4d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/bthome_mithermometer/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  bthome_mithermometer: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/bthome_mithermometer/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/bthome_mithermometer/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4a50dd6e1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/bthome_mithermometer/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_hub
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: bthome_mithermometer
+    ble_hub_id: ble_hub
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:4E:16:78
+    bindkey: eef418daf699a0c188f3bfd17e4565d9
+    temperature:
+      name: BK BTHome Temperature
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: bthome_mithermometer
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:4E:16:79
+    temperature:
+      name: BK BTHome Implicit Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/camera/__init__.py b/tests/components/camera/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..61104b0bb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/camera/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from tests.testing_helpers import ComponentManifestOverride
+
+
+def override_manifest(manifest: ComponentManifestOverride) -> None:
+    # No host camera platform exists to emit USE_CAMERA; define it here so
+    # the iterator CAMERA state compiles into the test binary.
+    async def to_code_testing(config):
+        cg.add_define("USE_CAMERA")
+
+    manifest.to_code = to_code_testing
diff --git a/tests/components/camera/test_component_iterator_camera.cpp b/tests/components/camera/test_component_iterator_camera.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..efd8261554
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/camera/test_component_iterator_camera.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "esphome/core/component_iterator.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_CAMERA
+#include "esphome/components/camera/camera.h"
+
+namespace esphome::testing {
+
+class StubCamera : public camera::Camera {
+ public:
+  void add_listener(camera::CameraListener *listener) override {}
+  camera::CameraImageReader *create_image_reader() override { return nullptr; }
+  void request_image(camera::CameraRequester requester) override {}
+  void start_stream(camera::CameraRequester requester) override {}
+  void stop_stream(camera::CameraRequester requester) override {}
+};
+
+// Iterator that accepts everything except the camera, which can refuse a
+// configurable number of times. The CAMERA state is a singleton path
+// distinct from process_platform_item_; this pins the same contract:
+// a refused camera is re-offered, never skipped.
+class CameraRefusingIterator : public ComponentIterator {
+ public:
+// NOLINTBEGIN(bugprone-macro-parentheses)
+#define ENTITY_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper) \
+  bool on_##singular(type *obj) override { return true; }
+#define ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper, callback) \
+  ENTITY_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper)
+#include "esphome/core/entity_types.h"
+#undef ENTITY_TYPE_
+#undef ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_
+  // NOLINTEND(bugprone-macro-parentheses)
+
+  bool on_camera(camera::Camera *obj) override {
+    this->camera_calls++;
+    if (this->camera_refusals > 0) {
+      this->camera_refusals--;
+      return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  int camera_calls{0};
+  int camera_refusals{0};
+};
+
+// Far above the fixed number of iterator states
+static constexpr size_t BIG_BUDGET = 1000;
+
+class ComponentIteratorCameraTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  void SetUp() override {
+    // Constructing a Camera installs the process-wide singleton
+    static StubCamera stub_camera;
+    ASSERT_EQ(camera::Camera::instance(), &stub_camera);
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(ComponentIteratorCameraTest, RefusedCameraIsReofferedNotSkipped) {
+  CameraRefusingIterator it;
+  it.camera_refusals = 2;
+  it.begin();
+  // Runs until the camera refuses, which stops the pass
+  it.try_advance(BIG_BUDGET);
+  EXPECT_EQ(it.camera_calls, 1);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(it.completed());
+  // The camera is re-offered once per call, not skipped
+  it.try_advance(BIG_BUDGET);
+  EXPECT_EQ(it.camera_calls, 2);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(it.completed());
+  // Once accepted, the iteration completes
+  it.try_advance(BIG_BUDGET);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(it.completed());
+  EXPECT_EQ(it.camera_calls, 3);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::testing
+#endif  // USE_CAMERA
diff --git a/tests/components/climate/climate_test.cpp b/tests/components/climate/climate_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bda014b87a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/climate/climate_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include "esphome/components/climate/climate.h"
+
+namespace esphome::climate::testing {
+
+// Minimal concrete Climate that offers a fixed set of modes, so the restore path can be exercised
+// without any hardware or platform component.
+class TestClimate : public Climate {
+ public:
+  ClimateTraits traits() override {
+    auto traits = ClimateTraits();
+    traits.set_supported_modes({CLIMATE_MODE_OFF, CLIMATE_MODE_COOL});
+    traits.set_supported_fan_modes({CLIMATE_FAN_LOW, CLIMATE_FAN_HIGH});
+    return traits;
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  void control(const ClimateCall &call) override {}
+};
+
+TEST(ClimateRestoreStateTest, RestoresASupportedMode) {
+  TestClimate climate;
+  // Value-initialized: several members (mode, swing_mode, the temperature union) have no default
+  // member initializer, so leaving the {} off would read indeterminate values.
+  ClimateDeviceRestoreState state{};
+  state.mode = CLIMATE_MODE_COOL;
+
+  state.apply(&climate);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(climate.mode, CLIMATE_MODE_COOL);
+}
+
+TEST(ClimateRestoreStateTest, DoesNotRestoreAnUnsupportedMode) {
+  TestClimate climate;
+  ClimateDeviceRestoreState state{};
+  state.mode = CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT;
+
+  state.apply(&climate);
+
+  // The device never advertised HEAT, so the mode stays where it was.
+  EXPECT_EQ(climate.mode, CLIMATE_MODE_OFF);
+}
+
+TEST(ClimateRestoreStateTest, LeavesTheCurrentModeAloneRatherThanForcingOff) {
+  TestClimate climate;
+  // apply() is public and nothing restricts it to setup(), so the entity is not necessarily off
+  // when an unsupported mode is dropped. It keeps what it had rather than being forced to OFF.
+  climate.mode = CLIMATE_MODE_COOL;
+  ClimateDeviceRestoreState state{};
+  state.mode = CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT;
+
+  state.apply(&climate);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(climate.mode, CLIMATE_MODE_COOL);
+}
+
+TEST(ClimateRestoreStateTest, KeepsRestoringTheOtherFieldsWhenTheModeIsDropped) {
+  TestClimate climate;
+  ClimateDeviceRestoreState state{};
+  state.mode = CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT;
+  state.target_temperature = 21.0f;
+  state.uses_custom_fan_mode = false;
+  state.fan_mode = CLIMATE_FAN_HIGH;
+
+  state.apply(&climate);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(climate.mode, CLIMATE_MODE_OFF);
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(climate.target_temperature, 21.0f);
+  // Compared as an optional: this asserts both that the fan mode was restored and what it holds.
+  EXPECT_EQ(climate.fan_mode, CLIMATE_FAN_HIGH);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::climate::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/climate_ir_lg/common.yaml b/tests/components/climate_ir_lg/common.yaml
index e0bc185d2c..5536c36742 100644
--- a/tests/components/climate_ir_lg/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/climate_ir_lg/common.yaml
@@ -12,5 +12,8 @@ climate:
   - platform: climate_ir_lg
     name: LG Climate
     transmitter_id: xmitr
+    header_high: 3300us
+    header_low: 9840us
+    advanced_commands_support: true
     sensor: climate_ir_lg_temp_sensor
     humidity_sensor: humidity_sensor
diff --git a/tests/components/core/benchmark.yaml b/tests/components/core/benchmark.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..063ac41eff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/core/benchmark.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Pulls in sensor so entity iteration paths compile (USE_SENSOR);
+# tests register their own instances. Plain yaml.safe_load, no ESPHome tags.
+# An alphabetically-earlier component's sensor: block shadows this one in
+# combined builds; the tests' sensor-count ASSERT catches a capacity drop.
+sensor:
+  - platform: template
+    id: bench_sensor_a
+    name: "Bench A"
+  - platform: template
+    id: bench_sensor_b
+    name: "Bench B"
diff --git a/tests/components/core/helpers_test.cpp b/tests/components/core/helpers_test.cpp
index a9a940392f..521ae10e5c 100644
--- a/tests/components/core/helpers_test.cpp
+++ b/tests/components/core/helpers_test.cpp
@@ -83,4 +83,50 @@ TEST(StaticVectorTest, ConvertingConstructorSameSize) {
   EXPECT_EQ(dst[2], 3);
 }
 
+TEST(StringContainsIgnoreCaseTest, NullPointerAlwaysFalse) {
+  const char *haystack = nullptr;
+  const char *needle = nullptr;
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(str_contains_ignore_case(haystack, needle));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(str_contains_ignore_case("Hello World", needle));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(str_contains_ignore_case(haystack, "anything"));
+}
+
+TEST(StringContainsIgnoreCaseTest, EmptySearchMatches) {
+  const char *haystack = "Hello World";
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(str_contains_ignore_case_fallback(haystack, ""));
+}
+
+TEST(StringContainsIgnoreCaseTest, MiscCaseMatches) {
+  const char *haystack = "Hello World";
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(str_contains_ignore_case_fallback(haystack, "Hello"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(str_contains_ignore_case_fallback(haystack, "hello"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(str_contains_ignore_case_fallback(haystack, "HELLO"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(str_contains_ignore_case_fallback(haystack, "hELLO"));
+}
+
+TEST(StringContainsIgnoreCaseTest, MiscNotMatching) {
+  const char *haystack = "Hello World";
+
+  // Expected to match
+  EXPECT_TRUE(str_contains_ignore_case_fallback(haystack, "Hell"));
+
+  // Expected not to match
+  EXPECT_FALSE(str_contains_ignore_case_fallback(haystack, "Heaven"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(str_contains_ignore_case_fallback(haystack, "Hello!"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(str_contains_ignore_case_fallback(haystack, "world!"));
+}
+
+TEST(StringContainsIgnoreCaseTest, FallbackMatchesLibc) {
+  const char *haystack = "Hello World";
+  for (const char *needle : {"", "Hello", "hELLO", "HELLO", "Hell", "world", "World", "Heaven", "Hello!", "d"}) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(str_contains_ignore_case_fallback(haystack, needle), str_contains_ignore_case(haystack, needle))
+        << "needle: " << needle;
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(str_contains_ignore_case_fallback("", ""), str_contains_ignore_case("", ""));
+  EXPECT_EQ(str_contains_ignore_case_fallback("ab", "abc"), str_contains_ignore_case("ab", "abc"));
+}
+
 }  // namespace esphome
diff --git a/tests/components/core/test_component_iterator.cpp b/tests/components/core/test_component_iterator.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..03d467c920
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/core/test_component_iterator.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "esphome/core/component_iterator.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+#include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
+#endif
+
+namespace esphome::testing {
+
+// Iterator whose begin/end callbacks can refuse a configurable number of
+// times; all entity callbacks accept (any registered entities are accepted).
+class RefusingIterator : public ComponentIterator {
+ public:
+// NOLINTBEGIN(bugprone-macro-parentheses)
+#define ENTITY_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper) \
+  bool on_##singular(type *obj) override { return true; }
+#define ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper, callback) \
+  ENTITY_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper)
+#include "esphome/core/entity_types.h"
+#undef ENTITY_TYPE_
+#undef ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_
+  // NOLINTEND(bugprone-macro-parentheses)
+
+  bool on_begin() override { return step(this->begin_calls, this->begin_refusals); }
+  bool on_end() override { return step(this->end_calls, this->end_refusals); }
+
+  int begin_calls{0};
+  int end_calls{0};
+  int begin_refusals{0};
+  int end_refusals{0};
+
+ protected:
+  static bool step(int &calls, int &refusals) {
+    calls++;
+    if (refusals > 0) {
+      refusals--;
+      return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+};
+
+// Far above the fixed number of iterator states
+static constexpr size_t BIG_BUDGET = 1000;
+
+TEST(ComponentIterator, NotRunningMakesNoProgress) {
+  RefusingIterator it;
+  it.try_advance(BIG_BUDGET);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(it.completed());
+  EXPECT_EQ(it.begin_calls, 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(it.end_calls, 0);
+}
+
+TEST(ComponentIterator, CompletesInOneCallWithoutRefusals) {
+  RefusingIterator it;
+  it.begin();
+  it.try_advance(BIG_BUDGET);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(it.completed());
+  EXPECT_EQ(it.begin_calls, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(it.end_calls, 1);
+}
+
+TEST(ComponentIterator, StepBudgetIsHonored) {
+  RefusingIterator it;
+  it.begin();
+  it.try_advance(1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(it.begin_calls, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(it.end_calls, 0);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(it.completed());
+}
+
+TEST(ComponentIterator, RefusedStepStopsBatchAndRetriesSameStep) {
+  RefusingIterator it;
+  it.end_refusals = 3;
+  it.begin();
+  // First call runs until the refused end step, which stops the pass
+  it.try_advance(BIG_BUDGET);
+  EXPECT_EQ(it.end_calls, 1);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(it.completed());
+  // The refused step is retried once per call, not skipped
+  it.try_advance(BIG_BUDGET);
+  it.try_advance(BIG_BUDGET);
+  EXPECT_EQ(it.end_calls, 3);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(it.completed());
+  // Once accepted, the iteration completes
+  it.try_advance(BIG_BUDGET);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(it.completed());
+  EXPECT_EQ(it.end_calls, 4);
+}
+
+TEST(ComponentIterator, RefusedBeginStopsBatchAndRetries) {
+  RefusingIterator it;
+  it.begin_refusals = 2;
+  it.begin();
+  it.try_advance(BIG_BUDGET);
+  it.try_advance(BIG_BUDGET);
+  EXPECT_EQ(it.begin_calls, 2);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(it.completed());
+  it.try_advance(BIG_BUDGET);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(it.completed());
+  EXPECT_EQ(it.begin_calls, 3);
+}
+
+// The deprecated advance() wrapper must keep the legacy once-per-loop
+// pattern working during the deprecation window.
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+TEST(ComponentIterator, DeprecatedAdvanceKeepsLegacyPatternWorking) {
+  RefusingIterator it;
+  it.end_refusals = 2;
+  it.begin();
+  size_t guard = 0;
+  while (!it.completed() && guard++ < BIG_BUDGET) {
+    it.advance();
+  }
+  EXPECT_TRUE(it.completed());
+  // Two refused end steps were retried, then accepted
+  EXPECT_EQ(it.end_calls, 3);
+}
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+// Iterator whose sensor callback can refuse or yield; pins the per-item
+// contract: a refused item is re-offered with at_ unchanged, never skipped.
+class ItemRefusingIterator : public RefusingIterator {
+ public:
+  bool on_sensor(sensor::Sensor *obj) override {
+    this->last_sensor = obj;
+    if (!step(this->sensor_calls, this->sensor_refusals))
+      return false;
+    if (this->yield_on_sensor)
+      this->yield_after_step_();
+    return true;
+  }
+  sensor::Sensor *last_sensor{nullptr};
+  int sensor_calls{0};
+  int sensor_refusals{0};
+  bool yield_on_sensor{false};
+};
+
+class ComponentIteratorSensorTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  void SetUp() override {
+    static sensor::Sensor sensor_a;
+    static sensor::Sensor sensor_b;
+    static bool registered = false;
+    if (!registered) {
+      App.register_sensor(&sensor_a);
+      App.register_sensor(&sensor_b);
+      registered = true;
+    }
+    // StaticVector drops silently when full; fail the fixture, not the contract
+    ASSERT_EQ(App.get_sensors().size(), 2u) << "benchmark.yaml sensor count too small";
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(ComponentIteratorSensorTest, RefusedItemIsReofferedNotSkipped) {
+  ItemRefusingIterator it;
+  it.sensor_refusals = 2;
+  it.begin();
+  // Runs until the first sensor refuses
+  it.try_advance(BIG_BUDGET);
+  EXPECT_EQ(it.sensor_calls, 1);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(it.completed());
+  // The refused item is re-offered, not skipped
+  it.try_advance(BIG_BUDGET);
+  EXPECT_EQ(it.sensor_calls, 2);
+  sensor::Sensor *refused = it.last_sensor;
+  // Once accepted, iteration continues through the second sensor to the end
+  it.try_advance(BIG_BUDGET);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(it.completed());
+  EXPECT_NE(it.last_sensor, refused);
+  EXPECT_EQ(it.sensor_calls, 4);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComponentIteratorSensorTest, YieldAfterStepEndsPassAndResumes) {
+  ItemRefusingIterator it;
+  it.yield_on_sensor = true;
+  it.begin();
+  // The pass ends right after the first sensor despite a big budget
+  it.try_advance(BIG_BUDGET);
+  EXPECT_EQ(it.sensor_calls, 1);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(it.completed());
+  // The next pass ends after the second sensor
+  it.try_advance(BIG_BUDGET);
+  EXPECT_EQ(it.sensor_calls, 2);
+  // Remaining states then run to completion in one pass
+  it.try_advance(BIG_BUDGET);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(it.completed());
+}
+#endif  // USE_SENSOR
+
+}  // namespace esphome::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/core/test_helpers.cpp b/tests/components/core/test_helpers.cpp
index 5fb77ef753..baf688fc8a 100644
--- a/tests/components/core/test_helpers.cpp
+++ b/tests/components/core/test_helpers.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <cmath>
 #include <cstring>
 
+#include "esphome/core/alloc_helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
 namespace esphome::core::testing {
@@ -213,4 +215,137 @@ TEST(BufAppendSepStr, Truncation) {
   EXPECT_EQ(end - buf, 7);
 }
 
+// --- base64 encode/decode ---
+
+static const char BASE64_ALPHABET[] = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
+
+// Pack 6-bit indices 0..63 into 48 bytes so encoding yields the full alphabet in order
+TEST(Base64, EncodeProducesCanonicalAlphabet) {
+  uint8_t bytes[48];
+  size_t n = 0;
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 64; i += 4) {
+    bytes[n++] = (i << 2) | ((i + 1) >> 4);
+    bytes[n++] = ((i + 1) & 0x0F) << 4 | ((i + 2) >> 2);
+    bytes[n++] = ((i + 2) & 0x03) << 6 | (i + 3);
+  }
+  std::string encoded = base64_encode(bytes, sizeof(bytes));  // NOLINT(esphome-heap-allocation) - host test
+  EXPECT_EQ(encoded, BASE64_ALPHABET);
+}
+
+// Decode the alphabet then re-encode: locks the encode and decode mappings together
+TEST(Base64, DecodeCanonicalAlphabetRoundTrip) {
+  uint8_t buf[48];
+  size_t len = base64_decode(std::string(BASE64_ALPHABET), buf, sizeof(buf));
+  EXPECT_EQ(len, 48u);
+  std::string reencoded = base64_encode(buf, len);  // NOLINT(esphome-heap-allocation) - host test
+  EXPECT_EQ(reencoded, BASE64_ALPHABET);
+}
+
+TEST(Base64, DecodeBase64UrlMatchesStandard) {
+  std::string url = BASE64_ALPHABET;
+  for (char &c : url) {
+    if (c == '+')
+      c = '-';
+    if (c == '/')
+      c = '_';
+  }
+  uint8_t standard[48], urlsafe[48];
+  size_t len_standard = base64_decode(std::string(BASE64_ALPHABET), standard, sizeof(standard));
+  size_t len_url = base64_decode(url, urlsafe, sizeof(urlsafe));
+  EXPECT_EQ(len_standard, len_url);
+  EXPECT_EQ(memcmp(standard, urlsafe, len_standard), 0);
+}
+
+// RFC 4648 vectors cover both padding cases (len % 3 == 1 and len % 3 == 2)
+TEST(Base64, Rfc4648Vectors) {
+  const struct {
+    const char *plain;
+    const char *encoded;
+  } vectors[] = {
+      {"", ""},
+      {"f", "Zg=="},
+      {"fo", "Zm8="},
+      {"foo", "Zm9v"},
+      {"foob", "Zm9vYg=="},
+      {"fooba", "Zm9vYmE="},
+      {"foobar", "Zm9vYmFy"},
+  };
+  for (const auto &v : vectors) {
+    const auto *plain = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(v.plain);
+    std::string encoded = base64_encode(plain, strlen(v.plain));  // NOLINT(esphome-heap-allocation) - host test
+    EXPECT_EQ(encoded, v.encoded);
+    uint8_t buf[8];
+    size_t len = base64_decode(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(v.encoded), strlen(v.encoded), buf, sizeof(buf));
+    EXPECT_EQ(len, strlen(v.plain));
+    EXPECT_EQ(memcmp(buf, v.plain, len), 0);
+  }
+}
+
+// --- step_to_accuracy_decimals() ---
+
+TEST(StepToAccuracyDecimals, TypicalSteps) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(step_to_accuracy_decimals(0.001f), 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(step_to_accuracy_decimals(0.005f), 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(step_to_accuracy_decimals(0.01f), 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(step_to_accuracy_decimals(0.025f), 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(step_to_accuracy_decimals(0.05f), 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(step_to_accuracy_decimals(0.1f), 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(step_to_accuracy_decimals(0.25f), 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(step_to_accuracy_decimals(0.5f), 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(step_to_accuracy_decimals(1.5f), 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(step_to_accuracy_decimals(2.5f), 1);
+}
+
+TEST(StepToAccuracyDecimals, WholeSteps) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(step_to_accuracy_decimals(1.0f), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(step_to_accuracy_decimals(2.0f), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(step_to_accuracy_decimals(5.0f), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(step_to_accuracy_decimals(10.0f), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(step_to_accuracy_decimals(100.0f), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(step_to_accuracy_decimals(1000.0f), 0);
+}
+
+TEST(StepToAccuracyDecimals, FiveSignificantDigits) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(step_to_accuracy_decimals(1.23456f), 4);
+  EXPECT_EQ(step_to_accuracy_decimals(12.345f), 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(step_to_accuracy_decimals(123.45f), 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(step_to_accuracy_decimals(1234.5f), 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(step_to_accuracy_decimals(12345.0f), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(step_to_accuracy_decimals(0.33333f), 5);
+  EXPECT_EQ(step_to_accuracy_decimals(0.0001f), 4);
+}
+
+TEST(StepToAccuracyDecimals, TrailingZerosDropped) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(step_to_accuracy_decimals(0.3f), 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(step_to_accuracy_decimals(0.7f), 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(step_to_accuracy_decimals(0.125f), 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(step_to_accuracy_decimals(0.0625f), 4);
+}
+
+TEST(StepToAccuracyDecimals, RoundsUpToWholeNumber) {
+  // Rounds to five significant digits first, so this becomes 10 with no decimals.
+  EXPECT_EQ(step_to_accuracy_decimals(9.999999f), 0);
+}
+
+TEST(StepToAccuracyDecimals, OutsideFixedNotationRange) {
+  // %.5g would print these in exponent form; the count is now the real one rather than a parse of "1e-05".
+  EXPECT_EQ(step_to_accuracy_decimals(0.00001f), 5);
+  EXPECT_EQ(step_to_accuracy_decimals(0.000125f), 6);
+  EXPECT_EQ(step_to_accuracy_decimals(123456.0f), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(step_to_accuracy_decimals(1000000.0f), 0);
+}
+
+TEST(StepToAccuracyDecimals, SignIgnored) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(step_to_accuracy_decimals(-0.1f), 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(step_to_accuracy_decimals(-0.25f), 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(step_to_accuracy_decimals(-1.0f), 0);
+}
+
+TEST(StepToAccuracyDecimals, NonFiniteAndZero) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(step_to_accuracy_decimals(0.0f), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(step_to_accuracy_decimals(NAN), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(step_to_accuracy_decimals(INFINITY), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(step_to_accuracy_decimals(-INFINITY), 0);
+}
+
 }  // namespace esphome::core::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/core/test_preference_contract.cpp b/tests/components/core/test_preference_contract.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f0833a5929
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/core/test_preference_contract.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+// Pins the preferences contract concepts so the surface they enforce cannot
+// drift unnoticed: a minimal conforming type must satisfy each concept, and a
+// type missing a method or returning the wrong type must not.
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "esphome/core/preference_backend.h"
+
+namespace esphome::core::testing {
+
+struct MinimalBackend {
+  bool save(const uint8_t *, size_t) { return true; }
+  bool load(uint8_t *, size_t) { return true; }
+};
+static_assert(PreferenceBackendContract<MinimalBackend>);
+
+struct BackendMissingLoad {
+  bool save(const uint8_t *, size_t) { return true; }
+};
+static_assert(!PreferenceBackendContract<BackendMissingLoad>);
+
+struct BackendWrongReturn {
+  void save(const uint8_t *, size_t) {}
+  bool load(uint8_t *, size_t) { return true; }
+};
+static_assert(!PreferenceBackendContract<BackendWrongReturn>);
+
+struct MinimalPreferences : public PreferencesMixin<MinimalPreferences> {
+  using PreferencesMixin<MinimalPreferences>::make_preference;
+  ESPPreferenceObject make_preference(size_t, uint32_t, bool) { return {}; }
+  ESPPreferenceObject make_preference(size_t, uint32_t) { return {}; }
+  bool sync() { return true; }
+  bool reset() { return true; }
+};
+static_assert(PreferencesContract<MinimalPreferences>);
+
+struct PreferencesMissingTwoArgForm : public PreferencesMixin<PreferencesMissingTwoArgForm> {
+  using PreferencesMixin<PreferencesMissingTwoArgForm>::make_preference;
+  ESPPreferenceObject make_preference(size_t, uint32_t, bool) { return {}; }
+  bool sync() { return true; }
+  bool reset() { return true; }
+};
+static_assert(!PreferencesContract<PreferencesMissingTwoArgForm>);
+
+struct PreferencesMissingReset : public PreferencesMixin<PreferencesMissingReset> {
+  using PreferencesMixin<PreferencesMissingReset>::make_preference;
+  ESPPreferenceObject make_preference(size_t, uint32_t, bool) { return {}; }
+  ESPPreferenceObject make_preference(size_t, uint32_t) { return {}; }
+  bool sync() { return true; }
+};
+static_assert(!PreferencesContract<PreferencesMissingReset>);
+
+struct PreferencesWrongSyncReturn : public PreferencesMixin<PreferencesWrongSyncReturn> {
+  using PreferencesMixin<PreferencesWrongSyncReturn>::make_preference;
+  ESPPreferenceObject make_preference(size_t, uint32_t, bool) { return {}; }
+  ESPPreferenceObject make_preference(size_t, uint32_t) { return {}; }
+  void sync() {}
+  bool reset() { return true; }
+};
+static_assert(!PreferencesContract<PreferencesWrongSyncReturn>);
+
+// Forgot `using PreferencesMixin<X>::make_preference;`, so the derived
+// overloads hide the template forms (see the PreferencesContract note in
+// preference_backend.h); the concept must reject the class.
+struct PreferencesForgotUsingDeclaration : public PreferencesMixin<PreferencesForgotUsingDeclaration> {
+  ESPPreferenceObject make_preference(size_t, uint32_t, bool) { return {}; }
+  ESPPreferenceObject make_preference(size_t, uint32_t) { return {}; }
+  bool sync() { return true; }
+  bool reset() { return true; }
+};
+static_assert(!PreferencesContract<PreferencesForgotUsingDeclaration>);
+
+struct MinimalKeyLookup {
+  bool load_from_key(uint32_t, uint8_t *, size_t) { return true; }
+};
+static_assert(PreferencesKeyLookupContract<MinimalKeyLookup>);
+
+struct KeyLookupMissingMethod {};
+static_assert(!PreferencesKeyLookupContract<KeyLookupMissingMethod>);
+
+TEST(PreferenceContract, NullBackendRefusesBothOperations) {
+  // ESPPreferenceObject forwards to whichever backend the platform binds; a
+  // default-constructed object has no backend and must refuse both operations
+  // instead of crashing.
+  ESPPreferenceObject without_backend;
+  uint32_t value = 42;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(without_backend.save(&value));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(without_backend.load(&value));
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::core::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/d01/common.yaml b/tests/components/d01/common.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b59ec06ff0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/d01/common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: d01
+    name: D01 PM2.5 Concentration
diff --git a/tests/components/d01/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/d01/test.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b658bfbede
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/d01/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+substitutions:
+  tx_pin: GPIO4
+  rx_pin: GPIO5
+
+packages:
+  uart: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart/esp32-idf.yaml
+  d01: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/d01/test.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/d01/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..876615ae9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/d01/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+substitutions:
+  tx_pin: GPIO0
+  rx_pin: GPIO2
+
+packages:
+  uart: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart/esp8266-ard.yaml
+  d01: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/d01/test.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/d01/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..00ed175b42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/d01/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+substitutions:
+  tx_pin: GPIO4
+  rx_pin: GPIO5
+
+packages:
+  uart: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart/rp2040-ard.yaml
+  d01: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/ds1603l/common.yaml b/tests/components/ds1603l/common.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d47ef1b610
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ds1603l/common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: ds1603l
+    name: ds1603l Distance
diff --git a/tests/components/ds1603l/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/ds1603l/test.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..544827f577
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ds1603l/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+substitutions:
+  tx_pin: GPIO1
+  rx_pin: GPIO3
+
+packages:
+  uart: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart/esp32-idf.yaml
+  ds1603l: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/ds1603l/test.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/ds1603l/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..878e45899b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ds1603l/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+substitutions:
+  tx_pin: GPIO0
+  rx_pin: GPIO2
+
+packages:
+  uart: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart/esp8266-ard.yaml
+  ds1603l: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/e131/common-ard.yaml b/tests/components/e131/common-ard.yaml
index 8300dbb01b..48ccafc2d2 100644
--- a/tests/components/e131/common-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/e131/common-ard.yaml
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ light:
     id: led_matrix_32x8
     default_transition_length: 500ms
     chipset: ws2812
-    rgb_order: GRB
+    channel_colors: GRB
     num_leds: 256
     pin: ${pin}
     effects:
diff --git a/tests/components/e131/common-idf.yaml b/tests/components/e131/common-idf.yaml
index 8300dbb01b..48ccafc2d2 100644
--- a/tests/components/e131/common-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/e131/common-idf.yaml
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ light:
     id: led_matrix_32x8
     default_transition_length: 500ms
     chipset: ws2812
-    rgb_order: GRB
+    channel_colors: GRB
     num_leds: 256
     pin: ${pin}
     effects:
diff --git a/tests/components/e131/test.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/e131/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
index 4593784ef9..89255e2d87 100644
--- a/tests/components/e131/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/e131/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ light:
     pin: 2
     pio: 0
     num_leds: 256
-    rgb_order: GRB
+    channel_colors: GRB
     chipset: WS2812
     effects:
       - e131:
diff --git a/tests/components/emontx/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/emontx/test.esp32-idf.yaml
index a0784fcd53..e56b1bda5d 100644
--- a/tests/components/emontx/test.esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/emontx/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
 packages:
   uart_115200: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_115200/esp32-idf.yaml
-
-<<: !include common.yaml
+  emontx: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/emontx/test.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/emontx/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
index 80a2cb2fc0..9ec9377437 100644
--- a/tests/components/emontx/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/emontx/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
 packages:
   uart_115200: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_115200/esp8266-ard.yaml
-
-<<: !include common.yaml
+  emontx: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/emontx/test.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/emontx/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
index 410c579d4b..6f4952d8e5 100644
--- a/tests/components/emontx/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/emontx/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
 packages:
   uart_115200: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_115200/rp2040-ard.yaml
-
-<<: !include common.yaml
+  emontx: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/emontx/validate.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/emontx/validate.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..882ee26fcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/emontx/validate.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+packages:
+  uart_115200: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_115200/esp32-idf.yaml
+  emontx: !include common.yaml
+
+# Validate that each sensor type gets the correct default state_class,
+# unit_of_measurement, device_class, and accuracy_decimals when NO overrides
+# are provided. The values are intentionally omitted so apply_tag_defaults is
+# exercised, not the user-override path.
+
+sensor:
+  # Energy sensor (E prefix): expects state_class=total_increasing, unit=Wh,
+  # device_class=energy, accuracy_decimals=0
+  - platform: emontx
+    tag_name: E1
+    name: Energy 1
+    emontx_id: test_emontx
+
+  # Power sensor (P prefix): expects state_class=measurement, unit=W,
+  # device_class=power, accuracy_decimals=0
+  - platform: emontx
+    tag_name: P1
+    name: Power 1
+    emontx_id: test_emontx
+
+  # Voltage sensor (V prefix): expects state_class=measurement, unit=V,
+  # device_class=voltage, accuracy_decimals=2
+  - platform: emontx
+    tag_name: V1
+    name: Voltage 1
+    emontx_id: test_emontx
+
+  # Current sensor (I prefix): expects state_class=measurement, unit=A,
+  # device_class=current, accuracy_decimals=2
+  - platform: emontx
+    tag_name: I1
+    name: Current 1
+    emontx_id: test_emontx
+
+  # Temperature sensor (T prefix): expects state_class=measurement, unit=°C,
+  # device_class=temperature, accuracy_decimals=2
+  - platform: emontx
+    tag_name: T1
+    name: Temperature 1
+    emontx_id: test_emontx
+
+  # Pulse sensor (PULSE pattern): expects state_class=total_increasing,
+  # unit=pulses, device_class=energy, accuracy_decimals=0
+  - platform: emontx
+    tag_name: PULSE1
+    name: Pulse 1
+    emontx_id: test_emontx
+
+  # Power factor sensor (PF pattern): expects state_class=measurement,
+  # device_class=power_factor, accuracy_decimals=2
+  - platform: emontx
+    tag_name: PF1
+    name: Power Factor 1
+    emontx_id: test_emontx
+
+  # Apparent power sensor (AP pattern): expects state_class=measurement,
+  # unit=VA, device_class=apparent_power, accuracy_decimals=2
+  - platform: emontx
+    tag_name: AP1
+    name: Apparent Power 1
+    emontx_id: test_emontx
+
+  # Frequency sensor (F, matched exactly, not as a prefix): expects
+  # state_class=measurement, unit=Hz, device_class=frequency,
+  # accuracy_decimals=2
+  - platform: emontx
+    tag_name: F
+    name: Frequency
+    emontx_id: test_emontx
+
+  # Unknown tag: no prefix match, falls back to state_class=measurement,
+  # accuracy_decimals=0
+  - platform: emontx
+    tag_name: CUSTOM1
+    name: Custom sensor
+    emontx_id: test_emontx
+
+  # User override: verify that explicit values are respected and not clobbered
+  - platform: emontx
+    tag_name: E2
+    name: Energy 2 (user override)
+    emontx_id: test_emontx
+    state_class: measurement
+    accuracy_decimals: 3
diff --git a/tests/components/epaper_spi/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml b/tests/components/epaper_spi/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
index 9cca528744..602aeb8d0e 100644
--- a/tests/components/epaper_spi/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/epaper_spi/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
@@ -255,3 +255,45 @@ display:
       it.filled_rectangle(0, 0, it.get_width(), it.get_height(), Color::WHITE);
       it.circle(it.get_width() / 2, it.get_height() / 2, 100, Color::BLACK);
       it.circle(it.get_width() / 2, it.get_height() / 2, 60, Color(255, 0, 0));
+
+  # Waveshare 7.5" V2 mono (800x480, UC8179 controller, EPD_7in5_V2)
+  # full_update_every > 1 exercises the fast/partial refresh paths
+  - platform: epaper_spi
+    spi_id: spi_bus
+    model: waveshare-7.5in-v2
+    full_update_every: 4
+    cs_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO5
+    dc_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO17
+    reset_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO16
+    busy_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO4
+      inverted: true
+    lambda: |-
+      it.filled_rectangle(0, 0, it.get_width(), it.get_height(), Color::WHITE);
+      it.circle(it.get_width() / 2, it.get_height() / 2, 100, Color::BLACK);
+
+  # Seeed reTerminal E1001 - 7.5" mono e-paper (800x480, UC8179)
+  # Pins overridden to avoid conflicts with the E1002 defaults above
+  - platform: epaper_spi
+    spi_id: spi_bus
+    model: seeed-reterminal-e1001
+    cs_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO5
+    dc_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO17
+    reset_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO16
+    busy_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO4
+      inverted: true
diff --git a/tests/components/esp32/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/esp32/test.esp32-idf.yaml
index 6b77a4e171..523e614e24 100644
--- a/tests/components/esp32/test.esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/esp32/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ esp32:
       enable_lwip_mdns_queries: true
       enable_lwip_bridge_interface: true
       disable_libc_locks_in_iram: false  # Test explicit opt-out of RAM optimization
-      use_full_certificate_bundle: false  # Test CMN bundle (default)
+      use_full_certificate_bundle: false  # Bundle stays off without a component that needs it
       include_builtin_idf_components:
         - freertos  # Test escape hatch (freertos is always included anyway)
       enable_full_printf: false
diff --git a/tests/components/esp32_hosted/test-embedded.esp32-p4-idf.yaml b/tests/components/esp32_hosted/test-embedded.esp32-p4-idf.yaml
index 9640032b34..5cf33179ba 100644
--- a/tests/components/esp32_hosted/test-embedded.esp32-p4-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/esp32_hosted/test-embedded.esp32-p4-idf.yaml
@@ -6,3 +6,6 @@ update:
     type: embedded
     path: $component_dir/test_firmware.bin
     sha256: de2f256064a0af797747c2b97505dc0b9f3df0de4f489eac731c23ae9ca9cc31
+    on_update_available:
+      then:
+        - logger.log: "Coprocessor update available"
diff --git a/tests/components/esp32_hosted/test-http.esp32-p4-idf.yaml b/tests/components/esp32_hosted/test-http.esp32-p4-idf.yaml
index 17cde0f35d..88b620cfe8 100644
--- a/tests/components/esp32_hosted/test-http.esp32-p4-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/esp32_hosted/test-http.esp32-p4-idf.yaml
@@ -8,3 +8,6 @@ update:
     type: http
     source: https://esphome.github.io/esp-hosted-firmware/manifest/esp32c6.json
     update_interval: 6h
+    on_update_available:
+      then:
+        - logger.log: "Coprocessor update available"
diff --git a/tests/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/common.yaml b/tests/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/common.yaml
index 701e513ebd..7f52d32229 100644
--- a/tests/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/common.yaml
@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@ light:
     id: led_strip1
     pin: ${pin1}
     num_leds: 60
-    rgb_order: GRB
+    channel_colors: GRB
     chipset: ws2812
   - platform: esp32_rmt_led_strip
     id: led_strip2
     pin: ${pin2}
     num_leds: 60
-    rgbw_order: RWGB
+    channel_colors: RWGB
     bit0_high: 100us
     bit0_low: 100us
     bit1_high: 100us
diff --git a/tests/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml b/tests/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
index 6bf0639a52..132966eddf 100644
--- a/tests/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
@@ -8,14 +8,14 @@ light:
     id: led_strip1
     pin: ${pin1}
     num_leds: 60
-    rgb_order: GRB
+    channel_colors: GRB
     chipset: ws2812
     use_dma: "true"
   - platform: esp32_rmt_led_strip
     id: led_strip2
     pin: ${pin2}
     num_leds: 60
-    rgb_order: RGB
+    channel_colors: RGB
     bit0_high: 100us
     bit0_low: 100us
     bit1_high: 100us
diff --git a/tests/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/validate-legacy.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/validate-legacy.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6dd1bcdad3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/validate-legacy.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# The deprecated rgb_order / is_rgbw / is_wrgb keys, kept working until 2027.3.0.
+# Config-only: each strip below must migrate to the channel_colors shown in the comment.
+light:
+  - platform: esp32_rmt_led_strip
+    id: legacy_rgb
+    pin: GPIO13
+    num_leds: 60
+    chipset: ws2812
+    rgb_order: GRB # -> GRB
+  - platform: esp32_rmt_led_strip
+    id: legacy_rgbw
+    pin: GPIO14
+    num_leds: 60
+    chipset: sk6812
+    rgb_order: GRB
+    is_rgbw: true # -> GRBW
+  - platform: esp32_rmt_led_strip
+    id: legacy_wrgb
+    pin: GPIO15
+    num_leds: 60
+    chipset: sk6812
+    rgb_order: GRB
+    is_wrgb: true # -> WGRB
diff --git a/tests/components/ethernet/common-ch390.yaml b/tests/components/ethernet/common-ch390.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b27bc6ab4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ethernet/common-ch390.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+ethernet:
+  type: CH390
+  clk_pin: 19
+  mosi_pin: 21
+  miso_pin: 23
+  cs_pin: 18
+  interrupt_pin: 36
+  reset_pin: 22
+  clock_speed: 10Mhz
+  manual_ip:
+    static_ip: 192.168.178.56
+    gateway: 192.168.178.1
+    subnet: 255.255.255.0
+  domain: .local
+  mac_address: "02:AA:BB:CC:DD:01"
+  on_connect:
+    - logger.log: "Ethernet connected!"
+  on_disconnect:
+    - logger.log: "Ethernet disconnected!"
diff --git a/tests/components/ethernet/common-w5500-spi-id.yaml b/tests/components/ethernet/common-w5500-spi-id.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..14c01842f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ethernet/common-w5500-spi-id.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+ethernet:
+  type: W5500
+  spi_id: spi_bus
+  cs_pin: 5
+  interrupt_pin: 36
+  reset_pin: 22
+  clock_speed: 10Mhz
+  manual_ip:
+    static_ip: 192.168.178.56
+    gateway: 192.168.178.1
+    subnet: 255.255.255.0
+  domain: .local
+  mac_address: "02:AA:BB:CC:DD:01"
+  on_connect:
+    - logger.log: "Ethernet connected!"
+  on_disconnect:
+    - logger.log: "Ethernet disconnected!"
diff --git a/tests/components/ethernet/test-ch390.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/ethernet/test-ch390.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..50165d458f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ethernet/test-ch390.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<<: !include common-ch390.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/ethernet/test-w5500-spi-id.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/ethernet/test-w5500-spi-id.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..16a25ced2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ethernet/test-w5500-spi-id.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  spi: !include ../../test_build_components/common/spi/esp32-idf.yaml
+  ethernet: !include common-w5500-spi-id.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/exposure_notifications/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/exposure_notifications/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f3f9b93464
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/exposure_notifications/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+exposure_notifications:
+  on_exposure_notification:
+    then:
+      - lambda: |
+          ESP_LOGD("main", "RSSI: %d", x.rssi);
diff --git a/tests/components/exposure_notifications/common.yaml b/tests/components/exposure_notifications/common.yaml
index faba5bb2d1..8cc209ff4e 100644
--- a/tests/components/exposure_notifications/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/exposure_notifications/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 exposure_notifications:
   on_exposure_notification:
+    # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     then:
       - lambda: |
           ESP_LOGD("main", "Got notification:");
diff --git a/tests/components/exposure_notifications/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/exposure_notifications/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..964f5b68b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/exposure_notifications/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  exposure_notifications: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/exposure_notifications/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/exposure_notifications/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b487591d95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/exposure_notifications/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+exposure_notifications:
+  on_exposure_notification:
+    # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    then:
+      - lambda: |
+          ESP_LOGD("main", "Got notification:");
+          ESP_LOGD("main", "  RPI: %s", format_hex(x.rolling_proximity_identifier).c_str());
+          ESP_LOGD("main", "  RSSI: %d", x.rssi);
diff --git a/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/binary_sensor/hoermann_hcp_binary_sensor_test.cpp b/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/binary_sensor/hoermann_hcp_binary_sensor_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6e9b567080
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/binary_sensor/hoermann_hcp_binary_sensor_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/binary_sensor/hoermann_hcp_binary_sensor.h"
+
+#include "../common.h"
+
+namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp::testing {
+
+// Nothing has been heard from the bus controller yet, so the sensor starts out seeded as disconnected.
+TEST(HoermannHcpBinarySensorTest, StartsDisconnected) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  HoermannHcpConnectedBinarySensor sensor(&door);
+  sensor.setup();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(sensor.has_state());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(sensor.state);
+}
+
+// The connection flag follows the bus controller in both directions.
+TEST(HoermannHcpBinarySensorTest, FollowsTheConnectionState) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  HoermannHcpConnectedBinarySensor sensor(&door);
+  sensor.setup();
+  ASSERT_FALSE(sensor.state);
+
+  connect_controller(door);
+  door.update();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(sensor.state);
+
+  door.set_valid_(false);
+  door.update();
+  EXPECT_FALSE(sensor.state);
+}
+
+// Any hub change re-runs the publish path, so an unchanged connection must not be reported twice.
+TEST(HoermannHcpBinarySensorTest, UnchangedConnectionIsPublishedOnce) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  HoermannHcpConnectedBinarySensor sensor(&door);
+  sensor.setup();
+  int publishes = 0;
+  sensor.add_on_state_callback([&publishes](bool /*state*/) { publishes++; });
+
+  connect_controller(door);
+  door.update();
+  ASSERT_EQ(publishes, 1);
+
+  // A status broadcast changes the door state without touching the connection.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0064, 0x0100}));
+  door.update();
+  EXPECT_EQ(publishes, 1);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/button/hoermann_hcp_button_test.cpp b/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/button/hoermann_hcp_button_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9c38bc1708
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/button/hoermann_hcp_button_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/button/hoermann_hcp_button.h"
+
+#include "../common.h"
+
+namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp::testing {
+
+// The intermediate positions are named in the second register, which repeats that name on release.
+TEST(HoermannHcpButtonTest, VentButtonSendsTheVentCommand) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  HoermannHcpVentButton vent(&door);
+  connect_controller(door);
+
+  vent.press();
+
+  auto [pressed, pressed_2] = poll_command(door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed, 0x0200);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed_2, 0x4000);
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(KEY_PRESS_ELAPSED);
+  auto [released, released_2] = poll_command(door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(released, 0x0100);
+  EXPECT_EQ(released_2, 0x4000);
+}
+
+TEST(HoermannHcpButtonTest, HalfOpenButtonSendsTheHalfOpenCommand) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  HoermannHcpHalfOpenButton half_open(&door);
+  connect_controller(door);
+
+  half_open.press();
+
+  auto [pressed, pressed_2] = poll_command(door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed, 0x0200);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed_2, 0x0400);
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(KEY_PRESS_ELAPSED);
+  auto [released, released_2] = poll_command(door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(released, 0x0100);
+  EXPECT_EQ(released_2, 0x0400);
+}
+
+// The door drives to the vent position on its own, so a position the cover was still travelling to must not
+// stop it on the way there.
+TEST(HoermannHcpButtonTest, VentAbandonsAnArmedTarget) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;  // starts out fully closed
+  HoermannHcpVentButton vent(&door);
+  connect_controller(door);
+  door.set_position(0.5f);
+  consume_command(door);
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0014, 0x0100}));
+  ASSERT_EQ(door.get_door_state(), DoorState::OPENING);
+
+  vent.press();
+  consume_command(door);
+
+  // Position 120/200 = 0.6 is past the abandoned target, which must no longer stop the door.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0078, 0x0100}));
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0000);
+}
+
+// A button carries no state, so a refused press is simply dropped rather than fired once the controller
+// turns up, which could be much later.
+TEST(HoermannHcpButtonTest, PressWithoutABusControllerSendsNothing) {
+  HoermannHcp door;  // never contacted by a bus controller
+  HoermannHcpVentButton vent(&door);
+
+  vent.press();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0000);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/common.h b/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/common.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a6151697f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/common.h
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <chrono>
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <thread>
+#include <utility>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include "esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/hoermann_hcp.h"
+
+namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp::testing {
+
+using modbus::RegisterValues;
+
+// Register block addresses the Hoermann bus controller polls (see hoermann_hcp.cpp).
+constexpr uint16_t COMMAND_REG = 0x9C41;
+constexpr uint16_t STATE_REG = 0x9CB9;
+constexpr uint16_t BROADCAST_REG = 0x9D31;
+
+// The tests shorten the key-press delay to zero, so the release only needs the millis() clock to tick on.
+constexpr auto KEY_PRESS_ELAPSED = std::chrono::milliseconds(2);
+
+inline RegisterValues make_registers(std::initializer_list<uint16_t> values) {
+  RegisterValues registers;
+  for (uint16_t value : values)
+    registers.push_back(value);
+  return registers;
+}
+
+// A status broadcast carrying the lamp register, which the door reports at index 6.
+inline RegisterValues lamp_broadcast(uint16_t lamp_reg) {
+  return make_registers({0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, lamp_reg});
+}
+
+// The door only accepts commands once the bus controller has actually talked to it.
+inline void connect_controller(HoermannHcp &door) {
+  door.on_write_registers(COMMAND_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0000}));
+}
+
+// Runs one command poll (write 2 / read 8) and returns both key-press registers.
+inline std::pair<uint16_t, uint16_t> poll_command(HoermannHcp &door) {
+  door.on_write_registers(COMMAND_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0000}));
+  RegisterValues response;
+  door.on_read_holding_registers(STATE_REG, 8, response);
+  EXPECT_EQ(response.size(), 8u);
+  if (response.size() != 8u)
+    return {0xFFFF, 0xFFFF};
+  return {response[2], response[3]};
+}
+
+// Presents and then releases the queued command, leaving the slot free.
+inline void consume_command(HoermannHcp &door) {
+  poll_command(door);
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(KEY_PRESS_ELAPSED);
+  poll_command(door);
+}
+
+// Exposes the internal timings and the connection bookkeeping, so no test has to wait out a real delay.
+class TestableHoermannHcp : public HoermannHcp {
+ public:
+  TestableHoermannHcp() { this->key_press_delay_ms_ = 0; }
+
+  using HoermannHcp::connection_timeout_ms_;
+  using HoermannHcp::is_light_toggle_pending_;
+  using HoermannHcp::light_toggle_released_at_;
+  using HoermannHcp::light_toggles_in_flight_;
+  using HoermannHcp::set_valid_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/common.yaml b/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/common.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..618a8181bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+hoermann_hcp:
+  id: hoermann_hcp_hub
+  modbus_id: modbus_server_bus
+
+cover:
+  - platform: hoermann_hcp
+    name: Garage Door
+    device_class: garage
+
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: hoermann_hcp
+    is_connected:
+      name: Garage Connected
+
+button:
+  - platform: hoermann_hcp
+    vent:
+      name: Garage Vent
+    half_open:
+      name: Garage Half Open
+
+light:
+  - platform: hoermann_hcp
+    name: Garage Light
diff --git a/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/cover/hoermann_hcp_cover_test.cpp b/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/cover/hoermann_hcp_cover_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..43ca47edb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/cover/hoermann_hcp_cover_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/cover/hoermann_hcp_cover.h"
+
+#include "../common.h"
+
+namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp::testing {
+
+// Cover::position starts at COVER_OPEN, so a door that is already closed still has a state to publish.
+TEST(HoermannHcpCoverTest, ClosedDoorPublishesItsInitialPosition) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  HoermannHcpCover cover(&door);
+  cover.setup();
+  int publishes = 0;
+  cover.add_on_state_callback([&publishes]() { publishes++; });
+  ASSERT_FLOAT_EQ(cover.position, cover::COVER_OPEN);
+
+  // Any request marks the device connected, which is itself a state change.
+  door.on_write_registers(COMMAND_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0000}));
+  door.update();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(publishes, 1);
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(cover.position, cover::COVER_CLOSED);
+}
+
+// Venting and half-open moves report no direction, so one is only derived once the position has moved.
+TEST(HoermannHcpCoverTest, DirectionlessMoveHoldsTheOperationUntilThePositionMoves) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  HoermannHcpCover cover(&door);
+  cover.setup();
+
+  // Position 100/200 = 0.5, state 0x80 -> resting half open.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0064, 0x8000}));
+  door.update();
+  ASSERT_EQ(cover.current_operation, cover::COVER_OPERATION_IDLE);
+
+  // State 0x05 -> moving to half-open, but the position has not moved yet.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0064, 0x0500}));
+  door.update();
+  EXPECT_EQ(cover.current_operation, cover::COVER_OPERATION_IDLE);
+
+  // Position 120/200 = 0.6 is higher than before, so the door is opening.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0078, 0x0500}));
+  door.update();
+  EXPECT_EQ(cover.current_operation, cover::COVER_OPERATION_OPENING);
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(cover.position, 0.6f);
+}
+
+// Booting while the door is already mid-move gives no baseline to compare against, so no direction
+// may be inferred from the first update.
+TEST(HoermannHcpCoverTest, FirstDirectionlessMoveDoesNotGuessADirection) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  HoermannHcpCover cover(&door);
+  cover.setup();
+
+  // The very first thing seen is a half-open move already at 100/200 = 0.5.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0064, 0x0500}));
+  door.update();
+  EXPECT_EQ(cover.current_operation, cover::COVER_OPERATION_IDLE);
+}
+
+// A cover.open arrives as a position of 1.0, so it has to reach the door as a plain open command rather
+// than as a target the door would be stopped at.
+TEST(HoermannHcpCoverTest, OpenCommandOpensTheDoor) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  HoermannHcpCover cover(&door);
+  cover.setup();
+  connect_controller(door);
+
+  cover.make_call().set_command_open().perform();
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0210);  // COMMAND_OPEN pressed
+}
+
+// The same for cover.close, which arrives as a position of 0.0.
+TEST(HoermannHcpCoverTest, CloseCommandClosesTheDoor) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  HoermannHcpCover cover(&door);
+  cover.setup();
+  connect_controller(door);
+
+  cover.make_call().set_command_close().perform();
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0220);  // COMMAND_CLOSE pressed
+}
+
+TEST(HoermannHcpCoverTest, ToggleCommandSendsAnImpulse) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  HoermannHcpCover cover(&door);
+  cover.setup();
+  connect_controller(door);
+
+  cover.make_call().set_command_toggle().perform();
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0240);  // COMMAND_IMPULSE pressed
+}
+
+TEST(HoermannHcpCoverTest, StopCommandStopsAMovingDoor) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  HoermannHcpCover cover(&door);
+  cover.setup();
+  connect_controller(door);
+  // The door is opening, so it takes an impulse to stop it.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0064, 0x0100}));
+
+  cover.make_call().set_command_stop().perform();
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0240);  // COMMAND_IMPULSE pressed
+}
+
+// A position between the end stops starts the door in the right direction; it is stopped there later.
+TEST(HoermannHcpCoverTest, PositionCommandStartsTheDoorTowardsTheTarget) {
+  HoermannHcp door;  // starts out fully closed
+  HoermannHcpCover cover(&door);
+  cover.setup();
+  connect_controller(door);
+
+  cover.make_call().set_position(0.5f).perform();
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0210);  // COMMAND_OPEN pressed
+}
+
+// A command the door cannot take is assumed to have worked by whoever sent it, so the unchanged state has
+// to be published back over that assumption.
+TEST(HoermannHcpCoverTest, RefusedCommandPublishesTheUnchangedState) {
+  HoermannHcp door;  // never contacted by a bus controller
+  HoermannHcpCover cover(&door);
+  cover.setup();
+  int publishes = 0;
+  cover.add_on_state_callback([&publishes]() { publishes++; });
+
+  cover.make_call().set_command_close().perform();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0000);
+  EXPECT_EQ(publishes, 1);
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(cover.position, cover::COVER_OPEN);
+}
+
+// Nothing is published before the bus controller is heard from, so a door that never reaches the bus would
+// otherwise sit at its fully open default and look healthy.
+TEST(HoermannHcpCoverTest, MissingBusControllerIsFlaggedUntilFirstContact) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  HoermannHcpCover cover(&door);
+  cover.setup();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(cover.status_has_warning());
+
+  connect_controller(door);
+  door.update();
+  EXPECT_FALSE(cover.status_has_warning());
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/hoermann_hcp_test.cpp b/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/hoermann_hcp_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1cc5301b4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/hoermann_hcp_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,388 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include "common.h"
+
+namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp::testing {
+
+// An empty poll (write 2 / read 2) answers with the fixed status word 0x0004.
+TEST(HoermannHcpReadWrite, EmptyPollReturnsStatusWord) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(door.on_write_registers(COMMAND_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0000})).has_value());
+  RegisterValues response;
+  auto status = door.on_read_holding_registers(STATE_REG, 2, response);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(status.has_value());
+  ASSERT_EQ(response.size(), 2u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(response[0], 0x0004);
+  EXPECT_EQ(response[1], 0x0000);
+}
+
+// A bus scan (write 3 / read 5) answers with the fixed device identification block.
+TEST(HoermannHcpReadWrite, BusScanReturnsIdentification) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(door.on_write_registers(COMMAND_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000})).has_value());
+  RegisterValues response;
+  auto status = door.on_read_holding_registers(STATE_REG, 5, response);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(status.has_value());
+  ASSERT_EQ(response.size(), 5u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(response[1], 0x0005);
+  EXPECT_EQ(response[2], 0x0430);
+  EXPECT_EQ(response[3], 0x10ff);
+  EXPECT_EQ(response[4], 0xa845);
+}
+
+// Without a queued command, the command poll (write 2 / read 8) reports idle and no key press.
+TEST(HoermannHcpReadWrite, IdleCommandPollHasNoCommand) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(door.on_write_registers(COMMAND_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0000})).has_value());
+  RegisterValues response;
+  auto status = door.on_read_holding_registers(STATE_REG, 8, response);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(status.has_value());
+  ASSERT_EQ(response.size(), 8u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(response[1], 0x0001);
+  EXPECT_EQ(response[2], 0x0000);
+  EXPECT_EQ(response[3], 0x0000);
+}
+
+// A queued control command is injected into the next command poll as a simulated key press.
+TEST(HoermannHcpReadWrite, QueuedCommandIsInjectedIntoPoll) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  door.open_door();
+  EXPECT_FALSE(door.on_write_registers(COMMAND_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0000})).has_value());
+  RegisterValues response;
+  auto status = door.on_read_holding_registers(STATE_REG, 8, response);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(status.has_value());
+  ASSERT_EQ(response.size(), 8u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(response[2], 0x0210);  // COMMAND_OPEN "key pressed" value
+  EXPECT_EQ(response[3], 0x0000);
+}
+
+// A read of any other block is an addressing error rather than a successful all-zero reply.
+TEST(HoermannHcpReadWrite, UnknownAddressIsRejected) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  RegisterValues response;
+  EXPECT_EQ(door.on_read_holding_registers(0x1234, 2, response), modbus::ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS);
+  EXPECT_EQ(door.on_write_registers(0x1234, make_registers({0x0000})), modbus::ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS);
+}
+
+// A command is held for the key-press duration, then released, and only then can the next one be queued.
+TEST(HoermannHcpReadWrite, CommandIsReleasedAfterTheKeyPressDelay) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  door.open_door();
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0210);  // COMMAND_OPEN pressed
+  // Refused while one is pending: were it accepted, the release below would carry COMMAND_CLOSE's 0x0120.
+  door.close_door();
+
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(KEY_PRESS_ELAPSED);
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0110);  // COMMAND_OPEN released
+  // With the command gone, the next one is accepted again.
+  door.close_door();
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0220);  // COMMAND_CLOSE pressed
+}
+
+// Commands issued while the bus controller is absent are dropped instead of firing when it returns.
+TEST(HoermannHcpReadWrite, CommandIsDroppedWhileDisconnected) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  door.open_door();
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0000);
+}
+
+// Losing the controller must drop a command it never fetched, otherwise it blocks every later command
+// and fires unasked once the bus comes back.
+TEST(HoermannHcpReadWrite, ConnectionLossDropsThePendingCommand) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  door.open_door();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(door.is_valid());
+
+  door.set_valid_(false);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(door.is_valid());
+
+  // The reconnecting poll must not replay the dropped command.
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0000);
+  // And the slot is free, so a new command is accepted.
+  door.close_door();
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0220);
+}
+
+// The connection is dropped by update() once the controller stops polling, which is what releases a
+// command it never fetched in the field.
+TEST(HoermannHcpReadWrite, PollingTimeoutDropsTheConnection) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  // Wide enough that a stall cannot expire the connection before the check below runs.
+  door.connection_timeout_ms_ = 10000;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  door.open_door();
+
+  // Still inside the window: the controller counts as present.
+  door.update();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(door.is_valid());
+
+  // Shrink the window so the expiry needs only a short sleep; overshooting it only makes it surer.
+  door.connection_timeout_ms_ = 20;
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(30));
+  door.update();
+  EXPECT_FALSE(door.is_valid());
+  // The pending command went with the connection instead of firing on the reconnecting poll.
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0000);
+}
+
+// Status broadcasts alone keep the connection alive, so a command the controller never fetches has to
+// expire on its own; otherwise it blocks every later command until the bus goes quiet entirely.
+TEST(HoermannHcpReadWrite, UnfetchedCommandExpiresWhileConnected) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  door.connection_timeout_ms_ = 200;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  door.open_door();
+
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(220));
+  // A status broadcast refreshes the connection without ever fetching the command.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0064, 0x0100}));
+  door.update();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(door.is_valid());
+
+  // With the stale command gone, the door accepts commands again.
+  door.close_door();
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0220);
+}
+
+// The 0x17 read half echoes the message counter and command byte written to COMMAND_REG, packed
+// differently per block length.
+TEST(HoermannHcpReadWrite, CommandRegisterIsEchoedBack) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  // Counter 0x34 in the high byte, command 0x07 in the low byte.
+  door.on_write_registers(COMMAND_REG, make_registers({0x3407, 0x0000}));
+
+  RegisterValues command_poll;
+  door.on_read_holding_registers(STATE_REG, 8, command_poll);
+  ASSERT_EQ(command_poll.size(), 8u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(command_poll[0], 0x3400);  // counter alone
+  EXPECT_EQ(command_poll[1], 0x0701);  // command in the high byte, status 0x01 in the low
+
+  RegisterValues empty_poll;
+  door.on_read_holding_registers(STATE_REG, 2, empty_poll);
+  ASSERT_EQ(empty_poll.size(), 2u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(empty_poll[0], 0x3404);  // status 0x04 shares the register with the counter here
+  EXPECT_EQ(empty_poll[1], 0x0700);  // command alone
+
+  RegisterValues scan;
+  door.on_read_holding_registers(STATE_REG, 5, scan);
+  ASSERT_EQ(scan.size(), 5u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(scan[0], 0x3400);
+  EXPECT_EQ(scan[1], 0x0705);
+}
+
+// A status broadcast (function code 0x10 to 0x9D31) updates the decoded door state and position.
+TEST(HoermannHcpWrite, BroadcastUpdatesStateAndPosition) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  // registers[1] low byte = position (value / 200), registers[2] high byte = state (0x01 -> opening).
+  auto status = door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0064, 0x0100}));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(status.has_value());
+  EXPECT_EQ(door.get_door_state(), DoorState::OPENING);
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(door.get_current_position(), 0.5f);
+}
+
+// The first broadcast has to be decoded even when it carries the register's initial value, otherwise a
+// door parked mid-travel at boot keeps the CLOSED default and reports itself fully closed.
+TEST(HoermannHcpWrite, FirstBroadcastReportingAStopIsDecoded) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  auto status = door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0064, 0x0000}));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(status.has_value());
+  EXPECT_EQ(door.get_door_state(), DoorState::STOPPED);
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(door.get_current_position(), 0.5f);
+}
+
+// The vent position is reported as state 0x00 with low byte 0x61, so a change confined to the low byte of
+// the state register still has to be decoded.
+TEST(HoermannHcpWrite, VentIsDecodedFromTheStateLowByte) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0100}));
+  ASSERT_EQ(door.get_door_state(), DoorState::OPENING);
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000}));
+  ASSERT_EQ(door.get_door_state(), DoorState::STOPPED);
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0061}));
+  EXPECT_EQ(door.get_door_state(), DoorState::VENT);
+}
+
+// A door parking a count short of its end stop must still report exactly closed or open, because
+// Cover::is_fully_closed() compares against 0.0 exactly.
+TEST(HoermannHcpWrite, EndStopsReportExactPositions) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  // Position register 1 of 200 while the door reports itself closed.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0001, 0x4000}));
+  ASSERT_EQ(door.get_door_state(), DoorState::CLOSED);
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(door.get_current_position(), 0.0f);
+
+  // Position register 199 of 200 while the door reports itself open.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x00C7, 0x2000}));
+  ASSERT_EQ(door.get_door_state(), DoorState::OPEN);
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(door.get_current_position(), 1.0f);
+
+  // Away from the end stops the raw count is reported as-is.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0064, 0x0100}));
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(door.get_current_position(), 0.5f);
+}
+
+// A position request below the lower snap threshold becomes a plain close command.
+TEST(HoermannHcpPosition, NearlyClosedTargetClosesTheDoor) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  door.set_position(0.02f);
+  RegisterValues response;
+  door.on_read_holding_registers(STATE_REG, 8, response);
+  ASSERT_EQ(response.size(), 8u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(response[2], 0x0220);  // COMMAND_CLOSE "key pressed" value
+}
+
+// A half-open target starts the door moving towards the requested position.
+TEST(HoermannHcpPosition, HalfOpenTargetOpensTheDoor) {
+  HoermannHcp door;  // starts out fully closed
+  connect_controller(door);
+  door.set_position(0.5f);
+  RegisterValues response;
+  door.on_read_holding_registers(STATE_REG, 8, response);
+  ASSERT_EQ(response.size(), 8u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(response[2], 0x0210);  // COMMAND_OPEN "key pressed" value
+}
+
+// The door has no notion of a target, so it is stopped with an impulse once it travels past the request.
+TEST(HoermannHcpPosition, TargetPositionStopsTheDoor) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  door.set_position(0.5f);
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0210);  // COMMAND_OPEN pressed
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(KEY_PRESS_ELAPSED);
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0110);  // COMMAND_OPEN released
+
+  // Position 20/200 = 0.1 while opening: short of the target, so the door keeps going.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0014, 0x0100}));
+  ASSERT_EQ(door.get_door_state(), DoorState::OPENING);
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0000);
+
+  // Position 120/200 = 0.6 is past the target, so the door is stopped.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0078, 0x0100}));
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0240);  // COMMAND_IMPULSE pressed
+}
+
+// An impulse restarts a stopped door, so a frame reporting the stop and the target crossing at once
+// must be read as "already stopped" rather than "still opening".
+TEST(HoermannHcpPosition, StopReportedWithTheCrossingSendsNoImpulse) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  door.set_position(0.5f);
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0210);
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(KEY_PRESS_ELAPSED);
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0110);
+
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0014, 0x0100}));
+  ASSERT_EQ(door.get_door_state(), DoorState::OPENING);
+
+  // Same frame: position 0.6 (past the target) and state 0x20 -> the door has reached its open end stop.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0078, 0x2000}));
+  ASSERT_EQ(door.get_door_state(), DoorState::OPEN);
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0000);
+}
+
+// A target the door never reaches is dropped once it comes to rest, so a later move is not cut short.
+TEST(HoermannHcpPosition, TargetIsDroppedWhenTheDoorStopsShort) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  door.set_position(0.5f);
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0210);
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(KEY_PRESS_ELAPSED);
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0110);
+
+  // The door is stopped at 0.3 by a wall button, short of the requested 0.5.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0014, 0x0100}));
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x003C, 0x0000}));
+  ASSERT_EQ(door.get_door_state(), DoorState::STOPPED);
+
+  // A later manual open must run freely instead of being stopped at the abandoned target.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0050, 0x0100}));
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0078, 0x0100}));
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0000);
+}
+
+// A target armed while the door is still travelling the other way must not be judged by that old direction,
+// otherwise the very next position it reports counts as reached and stops the door where it stands.
+TEST(HoermannHcpPosition, TargetArmedWhileMovingTheOtherWayWaitsForTheTurnaround) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  // The door is closing, passing 60/200 = 0.3.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x003C, 0x0200}));
+  ASSERT_EQ(door.get_door_state(), DoorState::CLOSING);
+
+  door.set_position(0.5f);
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0210);  // COMMAND_OPEN pressed
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(KEY_PRESS_ELAPSED);
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0110);  // COMMAND_OPEN released
+
+  // Still closing at 58/200 = 0.29: below the target, but not on the way to it.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x003A, 0x0200}));
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0000);
+
+  // Now opening at 62/200 = 0.31, still short of the target.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x003E, 0x0100}));
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0000);
+
+  // Past the target at 110/200 = 0.55, so the door is stopped.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x006E, 0x0100}));
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0240);  // COMMAND_IMPULSE pressed
+}
+
+// A motor turning around can report a momentary stop; dropping the target there would let the door run on
+// to the end stop that the reversing command asked for.
+TEST(HoermannHcpPosition, MomentaryStopWhileTurningAroundKeepsTheTarget) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x003C, 0x0200}));
+  ASSERT_EQ(door.get_door_state(), DoorState::CLOSING);
+
+  door.set_position(0.5f);
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0210);
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(KEY_PRESS_ELAPSED);
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0110);
+
+  // The stop reported on the way from closing to opening.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x003C, 0x0000}));
+  ASSERT_EQ(door.get_door_state(), DoorState::STOPPED);
+
+  // The door then opens and still has to be stopped at the requested position.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x003E, 0x0100}));
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0000);
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x006E, 0x0100}));
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0240);
+}
+
+// A door that never turns around has to lose the target as well, otherwise it would cut a later move short.
+TEST(HoermannHcpPosition, TargetIsDroppedWhenTheDoorNeverTurnsAround) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  door.connection_timeout_ms_ = 200;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x003C, 0x0200}));
+  ASSERT_EQ(door.get_door_state(), DoorState::CLOSING);
+
+  door.set_position(0.5f);
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0210);
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(KEY_PRESS_ELAPSED);
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0110);
+
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(220));
+  // The door ignored the command and closed all the way. Its broadcast keeps the connection alive, so the
+  // target is the only thing that may expire here.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0000, 0x4000}));
+  door.update();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(door.is_valid());
+  ASSERT_EQ(door.get_door_state(), DoorState::CLOSED);
+
+  // A later manual open must run freely instead of being stopped at the abandoned target.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x003E, 0x0100}));
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x006E, 0x0100}));
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0000);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/light/hoermann_hcp_light_test.cpp b/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/light/hoermann_hcp_light_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ed7e81b279
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/light/hoermann_hcp_light_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,761 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include "esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/light/hoermann_hcp_light.h"
+
+#include "../common.h"
+
+namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp::testing {
+
+namespace {
+
+// Counts how often the platform is asked to write, so a publish that re-triggers itself becomes visible.
+class CountingHoermannHcpLight : public HoermannHcpLight {
+ public:
+  using HoermannHcpLight::HoermannHcpLight;
+
+  void write_state(light::LightState *state) override {
+    this->writes++;
+    HoermannHcpLight::write_state(state);
+  }
+
+  int writes{0};
+};
+
+// Drives the platform against a real LightState. ALWAYS_OFF keeps setup() clear of preferences.
+struct LightFixture {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  CountingHoermannHcpLight output{&door};
+  light::LightState state{&output};
+
+  explicit LightFixture(light::LightRestoreMode restore_mode = light::LIGHT_ALWAYS_OFF) {
+    this->state.set_restore_mode(restore_mode);
+    this->output.setup();
+    // setup() queues the restored state for write_state(); the first settle() below delivers it, which is the
+    // boot ordering tests need to be able to place around the bus controller coming up.
+    this->state.setup();
+  }
+
+  // Brings the bus controller up and lets the platform read the lamp once, which is what a device does before
+  // any user command can arrive.
+  void bring_up() {
+    connect_controller(this->door);
+    this->report_lamp(false);
+  }
+
+  // Issues a command the way Home Assistant would, then lets the state machine settle.
+  void command(bool on) {
+    auto call = this->state.make_call();
+    call.set_state(on);
+    call.perform();
+    this->settle();
+  }
+
+  // Delivers a status broadcast and runs the hub's notification pass.
+  void report_broadcast(const RegisterValues &registers) {
+    this->door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, registers);
+    this->pump();
+  }
+
+  void report_lamp(bool on) { this->report_broadcast(lamp_broadcast(on ? 0x0010 : 0x0000)); }
+
+  // Runs the hub's notification pass and lets the resulting publishes settle.
+  void pump() {
+    this->door.update();
+    this->settle();
+  }
+
+  void settle() {
+    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+      this->state.loop();
+  }
+
+  bool entity_on() { return this->state.remote_values.is_on(); }
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// The lamp state lives in the low byte of register 6; only 0x14 and 0x10 mean lit.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightTest, LampStateIsDecodedFromTheBroadcast) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(door.is_light_on());
+
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, lamp_broadcast(0x0014));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(door.is_light_on());
+
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, lamp_broadcast(0x0000));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(door.is_light_on());
+}
+
+// The lamp command is the only one that drives the second command register, on both halves of the press.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightTest, LampCommandUsesTheSecondRegister) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  ASSERT_FALSE(door.is_light_on());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(door.toggle_light());
+
+  auto [pressed, pressed_2] = poll_command(door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed, 0x0100);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed_2, 0x0200);
+
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(KEY_PRESS_ELAPSED);
+  auto [released, released_2] = poll_command(door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(released, 0x0800);
+  EXPECT_EQ(released_2, 0x0200);
+
+  // The command is spent, so the next poll carries nothing.
+  auto [idle, idle_2] = poll_command(door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(idle, 0x0000);
+  EXPECT_EQ(idle_2, 0x0000);
+}
+
+// Toggling the lamp must not disturb a cover position the door is still travelling to.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightTest, LampToggleKeepsTheCoverTarget) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  // Position 60/200 = 0.3 while opening, so a 0.5 target is armed and under way.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x003C, 0x0100}));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(door.set_position(0.5f));
+  consume_command(door);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(door.toggle_light());
+  consume_command(door);
+
+  // Past the target: the door still has to be stopped despite the lamp command in between.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0078, 0x0100}));
+  auto [pressed, pressed_2] = poll_command(door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed, 0x0240);  // COMMAND_IMPULSE
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed_2, 0x0000);
+}
+
+// A lamp toggle occupies the single command slot, so a target stop falling due while it waits to be fetched
+// has to wait too. The target stays armed and the stop goes out on the next position report, which costs the
+// door a little overshoot but never loses the stop.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightTest, LampToggleDelaysButDoesNotLoseTheTargetStop) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  // Position 60/200 = 0.3 while opening, so a 0.5 target is armed and under way.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x003C, 0x0100}));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(door.set_position(0.5f));
+  consume_command(door);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(door.toggle_light());
+  // The door passes the target while the lamp toggle still holds the slot, so the lamp goes out first.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0078, 0x0100}));
+  auto [pressed, pressed_2] = poll_command(door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed, 0x0100);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed_2, 0x0200);
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(KEY_PRESS_ELAPSED);
+  poll_command(door);
+
+  // The target survived the refusal, so the next position report still stops the door.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0079, 0x0100}));
+  auto [stop, stop_2] = poll_command(door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(stop, 0x0240);  // COMMAND_IMPULSE
+  EXPECT_EQ(stop_2, 0x0000);
+}
+
+// The target's start deadline is its own, so toggling the lamp cannot keep a stale target alive.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightTest, LampToggleDoesNotExtendTheTargetWatchdog) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  door.connection_timeout_ms_ = 20;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  // The door is closing, so an opening target is armed but not yet under way.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x003C, 0x0200}));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(door.set_position(0.5f));
+  consume_command(door);
+
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(30));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(door.toggle_light());
+  consume_command(door);
+  door.update();
+
+  // The target expired on its own schedule, so a later opening move runs freely.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0050, 0x0100}));
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0078, 0x0100}));
+  auto [pressed, pressed_2] = poll_command(door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed, 0x0000);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed_2, 0x0000);
+}
+
+// Without a bus controller the command cannot be delivered, and the caller is told.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightTest, LampCommandIsRefusedWhileDisconnected) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(door.toggle_light());
+}
+
+// Switching the entity on sends one toggle, and the door's own report does not send a second.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, CommandTogglesOnceAndSettles) {
+  LightFixture fixture;
+  fixture.bring_up();
+
+  fixture.command(true);
+  auto [pressed, pressed_2] = poll_command(fixture.door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed, 0x0100);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed_2, 0x0200);
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(KEY_PRESS_ELAPSED);
+  poll_command(fixture.door);  // release, clearing the slot
+
+  // The lamp is now on, and the resulting broadcast must not queue another toggle.
+  fixture.report_lamp(true);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(fixture.entity_on());
+  auto [idle, idle_2] = poll_command(fixture.door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(idle, 0x0000);
+  EXPECT_EQ(idle_2, 0x0000);
+}
+
+// A broadcast arriving while a toggle is queued must not reconcile against the not-yet-inverted lamp, which
+// would cancel the user's own command.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, BroadcastDuringPendingToggleKeepsTheCommand) {
+  LightFixture fixture;
+  fixture.bring_up();
+
+  fixture.command(true);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(fixture.door.is_light_toggle_pending_());
+
+  // A door movement sets changed_, firing the state callback while the toggle is still queued.
+  fixture.report_broadcast(make_registers({0x0000, 0x0064, 0x0100}));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(fixture.door.is_light_toggle_pending_());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(fixture.entity_on());
+}
+
+// A lamp switched on at the door itself has to reach the entity.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, DoorDrivenChangeReachesTheEntity) {
+  LightFixture fixture;
+  fixture.bring_up();
+  ASSERT_FALSE(fixture.entity_on());
+
+  fixture.report_lamp(true);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(fixture.entity_on());
+
+  fixture.report_lamp(false);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(fixture.entity_on());
+}
+
+// A refused command must leave the entity showing the lamp, not the request.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, RefusedCommandRepublishesTheLamp) {
+  LightFixture fixture;  // never connected, so the hub refuses every command
+
+  fixture.command(true);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(fixture.entity_on());
+}
+
+// A reversing press once the toggle is already on the wire cannot stop it, so the entity has to end up
+// showing the lamp rather than the request that was refused.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, RefusedPressAfterFetchShowsWhereTheLampIsHeading) {
+  LightFixture fixture;
+  fixture.bring_up();
+
+  fixture.command(true);
+  poll_command(fixture.door);  // the controller fetches the press, so it can no longer be cancelled
+  ASSERT_TRUE(fixture.door.is_light_toggle_pending_());
+
+  fixture.command(false);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(fixture.entity_on());
+
+  // A door movement while the refused toggle is still on the wire must not pull the entity back either.
+  fixture.report_broadcast(make_registers({0x0000, 0x0064, 0x0100}));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(fixture.entity_on());
+
+  // The toggle lands and the door confirms it; the entity must already agree.
+  fixture.report_lamp(true);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(fixture.entity_on());
+}
+
+// The lamp is only reported some time after the key press is released, so an unrelated door broadcast in
+// that gap must not publish the state the lamp is about to leave.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, DoorMovementDoesNotFlipTheEntityBeforeTheLampReports) {
+  LightFixture fixture;
+  fixture.bring_up();
+
+  fixture.command(true);
+  poll_command(fixture.door);
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(KEY_PRESS_ELAPSED);
+  poll_command(fixture.door);  // release, so nothing is pending any more
+  ASSERT_FALSE(fixture.door.is_light_toggle_pending_());
+  ASSERT_FALSE(fixture.door.is_light_on());  // the lamp has still not been reported
+
+  fixture.report_broadcast(make_registers({0x0000, 0x0064, 0x0100}));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(fixture.entity_on());
+}
+
+// A toggle the controller never fetches is eventually dropped, and nothing else will ever report the lamp
+// moving, so the entity has to be brought back to what the lamp actually is.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, DroppedToggleReturnsTheEntityToTheLamp) {
+  LightFixture fixture;
+  fixture.door.connection_timeout_ms_ = 20;
+  fixture.bring_up();
+
+  fixture.command(true);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(fixture.door.is_light_toggle_pending_());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(fixture.entity_on());
+
+  // The controller keeps broadcasting but never fetches the command, so the connection stays up.
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(30));
+  fixture.door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, lamp_broadcast(0x0000));
+  fixture.pump();
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(fixture.door.is_light_toggle_pending_());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(fixture.entity_on());
+}
+
+// Losing the bus controller discards the queued toggle too, so the entity must not keep showing it once the
+// controller is back and still reporting the lamp unchanged.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, ToggleLostWithTheConnectionReturnsTheEntityToTheLamp) {
+  LightFixture fixture;
+  fixture.door.connection_timeout_ms_ = 20;
+  fixture.bring_up();
+
+  fixture.command(true);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(fixture.door.is_light_toggle_pending_());
+
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(30));
+  fixture.pump();  // the connection times out and the command goes with it
+  ASSERT_FALSE(fixture.door.is_valid());
+
+  connect_controller(fixture.door);
+  fixture.report_lamp(false);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(fixture.entity_on());
+}
+
+// The lamp can be switched at the door while the bus is quiet, so what was read before an outage must not
+// decide whether a toggle is needed after it.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, LampIsNotTrustedAcrossAConnectionLoss) {
+  LightFixture fixture;
+  fixture.door.connection_timeout_ms_ = 20;
+  fixture.bring_up();
+  fixture.report_lamp(true);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(fixture.entity_on());
+
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(30));
+  fixture.pump();
+  ASSERT_FALSE(fixture.door.is_valid());
+
+  // Back on the bus, but nothing has said what the lamp is doing yet.
+  connect_controller(fixture.door);
+  fixture.pump();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(fixture.door.is_valid());
+  ASSERT_FALSE(fixture.door.is_light_known());
+
+  fixture.command(false);
+  auto [idle, idle_2] = poll_command(fixture.door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(idle, 0x0000);
+  EXPECT_EQ(idle_2, 0x0000);
+}
+
+// A door that never reports the lamp leaves the entity unable to do anything, so it must not look healthy.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, UnreportedLampIsFlaggedOnTheEntity) {
+  LightFixture fixture;
+  connect_controller(fixture.door);
+  fixture.pump();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(fixture.door.is_valid());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(fixture.output.status_has_warning());
+
+  fixture.report_lamp(false);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(fixture.output.status_has_warning());
+}
+
+// Two outstanding toggles leave the lamp where it started, so a third tap has to be judged against that and
+// withdraw the one still waiting rather than deciding nothing is needed.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, ThirdTapWithTwoTogglesOutstandingIsHonoured) {
+  LightFixture fixture;
+  fixture.bring_up();
+
+  fixture.command(true);
+  poll_command(fixture.door);
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(KEY_PRESS_ELAPSED);
+  poll_command(fixture.door);  // the first toggle is released but not reported back
+  fixture.command(false);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(fixture.door.is_light_toggle_pending_());
+  ASSERT_EQ(fixture.door.light_toggles_in_flight_, 2);
+
+  // Two toggles cancel out, so asking for on again means withdrawing the second one.
+  fixture.command(true);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(fixture.door.is_light_toggle_pending_());
+  EXPECT_EQ(fixture.door.light_toggles_in_flight_, 1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(fixture.entity_on());
+}
+
+// The boot replay is the first write and nothing else, so a real command arriving before the hub's next poll
+// must not be mistaken for it and swallowed.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, CommandBeforeTheFirstPollIsNotMistakenForTheBootReplay) {
+  LightFixture fixture;
+  connect_controller(fixture.door);
+  fixture.settle();  // the boot replay lands here, while the lamp is still unknown
+
+  // The first status broadcast arrives, but the hub has not polled yet, so no callback has fired.
+  fixture.door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, lamp_broadcast(0x0000));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(fixture.door.is_light_known());
+
+  fixture.command(true);
+  auto [pressed, pressed_2] = poll_command(fixture.door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed, 0x0100);  // COMMAND_TOGGLE_LAMP
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed_2, 0x0200);
+}
+
+// On boot the restored state is replayed through write_state() before the lamp has ever been read. A lamp
+// that is already on must not be switched off by that replay.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, RestoredStateOnBootDoesNotCommandTheLamp) {
+  LightFixture fixture;
+  // The controller is already up and reporting the lamp lit before the entity's first loop.
+  connect_controller(fixture.door);
+  fixture.door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, lamp_broadcast(0x0010));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(fixture.door.is_light_on());
+
+  fixture.settle();
+  auto [idle, idle_2] = poll_command(fixture.door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(idle, 0x0000);
+  EXPECT_EQ(idle_2, 0x0000);
+  // Once the platform has read the lamp the entity follows it, still without commanding anything.
+  fixture.pump();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(fixture.entity_on());
+}
+
+// Bus traffic makes the connection valid without saying anything about the lamp, so a request arriving before
+// the first status broadcast must not be judged against a lamp state that was never read.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, RequestBeforeTheLampIsReportedDoesNotCommandTheLamp) {
+  LightFixture fixture;
+  // The controller polls for commands, which is enough to connect but carries no lamp register.
+  connect_controller(fixture.door);
+  fixture.pump();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(fixture.door.is_valid());
+  ASSERT_FALSE(fixture.door.is_light_known());
+
+  fixture.command(true);
+  auto [idle, idle_2] = poll_command(fixture.door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(idle, 0x0000);
+  EXPECT_EQ(idle_2, 0x0000);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(fixture.entity_on());
+}
+
+// A toggle that has been released onto the wire is no longer pending, but the lamp has not reported it yet.
+// A reversing request in that window is a real request and has to be sent, not swallowed.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, ReversingRequestAfterReleaseQueuesASecondToggle) {
+  LightFixture fixture;
+  fixture.bring_up();
+
+  fixture.command(true);
+  poll_command(fixture.door);
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(KEY_PRESS_ELAPSED);
+  poll_command(fixture.door);  // released, so nothing is pending and the lamp is still unreported
+  ASSERT_FALSE(fixture.door.is_light_toggle_pending_());
+  ASSERT_FALSE(fixture.door.is_light_on());
+
+  fixture.command(false);
+  auto [pressed, pressed_2] = poll_command(fixture.door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed, 0x0100);  // COMMAND_TOGGLE_LAMP
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed_2, 0x0200);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(fixture.entity_on());
+
+  // The first toggle lands and is reported, but the entity is already heading for off.
+  fixture.report_lamp(true);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(fixture.entity_on());
+
+  // The second toggle lands too, and the lamp finally agrees with the request.
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(KEY_PRESS_ELAPSED);
+  poll_command(fixture.door);
+  fixture.report_lamp(false);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(fixture.entity_on());
+}
+
+// A refusal that has no toggle on the wire leaves nothing outstanding, so it must not latch the entity
+// against the next lamp change the door reports.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, RefusalWithoutAToggleStillFollowsTheLamp) {
+  LightFixture fixture;
+  fixture.door.connection_timeout_ms_ = 20;
+  fixture.bring_up();
+
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(30));
+  fixture.pump();
+  ASSERT_FALSE(fixture.door.is_valid());
+
+  // Refused because the bus is down, so no toggle is heading for the lamp.
+  fixture.command(true);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(fixture.entity_on());
+
+  // The controller returns and reports the lamp switched on at the door itself.
+  connect_controller(fixture.door);
+  fixture.report_lamp(true);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(fixture.entity_on());
+}
+
+// A lamp toggle carries no target, so dropping it unfetched must leave the cover's target alone.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightTest, DroppedLampToggleKeepsTheCoverTarget) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  door.connection_timeout_ms_ = 20;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  // Position 60/200 = 0.3 while opening, so a 0.5 target is armed and under way.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x003C, 0x0100}));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(door.set_position(0.5f));
+  consume_command(door);
+
+  // The controller keeps broadcasting but stops fetching, so the lamp toggle expires on its own.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(door.toggle_light());
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(30));
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0050, 0x0100}));
+  door.update();
+
+  // The target survived the lamp toggle being dropped, so the door is still stopped on the way.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0078, 0x0100}));
+  auto [pressed, pressed_2] = poll_command(door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed, 0x0240);  // COMMAND_IMPULSE
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed_2, 0x0000);
+}
+
+// A door that takes the key press but never actually switches the lamp must not leave the entity showing the
+// request for ever; the wait has to end so the entity can settle back on what the door reports.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, ToggleTheDoorIgnoresStopsBeingWaitedFor) {
+  LightFixture fixture;
+  fixture.door.connection_timeout_ms_ = 20;
+  fixture.bring_up();
+
+  fixture.command(true);
+  consume_command(fixture.door);  // the door takes press and release, then does nothing
+  ASSERT_FALSE(fixture.door.is_light_toggle_pending_());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(fixture.entity_on());
+
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(30));
+  fixture.report_lamp(false);  // the lamp is still off, and keeps saying so
+  EXPECT_FALSE(fixture.entity_on());
+}
+
+// A resting door's first broadcast changes nothing except the lamp finally being reported, so unless that
+// counts as a change the light never hears about it and swallows the first command.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, FirstLampReportReachesTheEntity) {
+  LightFixture fixture;
+  // A command poll connects the controller without saying anything about the lamp.
+  connect_controller(fixture.door);
+  fixture.pump();
+  ASSERT_FALSE(fixture.door.is_light_known());
+
+  // Closed, at rest, lamp off: every field matches the defaults the hub started with.
+  fixture.report_broadcast(make_registers({0x0000, 0x0000, 0x4000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000}));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(fixture.door.is_light_known());
+
+  fixture.command(true);
+  auto [pressed, pressed_2] = poll_command(fixture.door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed, 0x0100);  // COMMAND_TOGGLE_LAMP
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed_2, 0x0200);
+}
+
+// A lost connection means the door can travel unwatched, so a target left armed would stop it long afterwards.
+// Which command happened to be in the slot must not change that.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightTest, ConnectionLossWithALampTogglePendingClearsTheTarget) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  door.connection_timeout_ms_ = 20;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  // Position 60/200 = 0.3 while opening, so a 0.5 target is armed and under way.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x003C, 0x0100}));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(door.set_position(0.5f));
+  consume_command(door);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(door.toggle_light());
+
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(30));
+  door.update();
+  ASSERT_FALSE(door.is_valid());
+
+  // Back on the bus and travelling past where the target was: nothing should stop the door now.
+  connect_controller(door);
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0078, 0x0100}));
+  auto [pressed, pressed_2] = poll_command(door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed, 0x0000);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed_2, 0x0000);
+}
+
+// Withdrawing a later toggle must not take the deadline of the one already on the wire with it, or a door
+// that never reports the lamp would leave the entity waiting for ever.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, WithdrawingALaterToggleKeepsTheWatchdogArmed) {
+  LightFixture fixture;
+  fixture.door.connection_timeout_ms_ = 20;
+  fixture.bring_up();
+
+  fixture.command(true);
+  consume_command(fixture.door);  // the first toggle is released but never reported back
+  fixture.command(false);
+  ASSERT_EQ(fixture.door.light_toggles_in_flight_, 2);
+  fixture.command(true);  // withdraws the second, leaving the first outstanding
+  ASSERT_EQ(fixture.door.light_toggles_in_flight_, 1);
+
+  // The door still says nothing about the lamp, so the wait has to time out on its own.
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(30));
+  fixture.report_lamp(false);
+  EXPECT_EQ(fixture.door.light_toggles_in_flight_, 0);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(fixture.entity_on());
+}
+
+// A request refused while the lamp is unknown must leave the entity idle. Republishing unconditionally would
+// re-enter write_state() on every loop, so the platform would never stop asking to be written.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, RefusedRequestLeavesTheEntityIdle) {
+  LightFixture fixture;
+  connect_controller(fixture.door);
+  fixture.settle();
+  ASSERT_FALSE(fixture.door.is_light_known());
+
+  // The lamp is unknown and the entity already shows off, so asking for off cannot be serviced or displayed.
+  fixture.command(false);
+  const int settled_writes = fixture.output.writes;
+  fixture.settle();
+  EXPECT_EQ(fixture.output.writes, settled_writes);
+}
+
+// A door that acts on the key press and reports the lamp before the release is even fetched leaves nothing
+// outstanding. Arming the watchdog on that release anyway would leave it firing on every poll and abandoning
+// the next toggle the moment it is queued.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightTest, ReleaseWithNothingOutstandingLeavesTheWatchdogDisarmed) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, lamp_broadcast(0x0000));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(door.toggle_light());
+  poll_command(door);  // the door is shown the key press
+
+  // The door acts on it and reports the lamp straight away, which settles the count.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, lamp_broadcast(0x0010));
+  ASSERT_EQ(door.light_toggles_in_flight_, 0);
+
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(KEY_PRESS_ELAPSED);
+  poll_command(door);  // the release, with nothing left to wait for
+  EXPECT_EQ(door.light_toggle_released_at_, 0u);
+}
+
+// A restore mode that boots the entity on replays a lit state the door has never confirmed, so it has to be
+// adopted back to what is known rather than turned into a command.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, RestoredOnStateIsAdoptedNotCommanded) {
+  LightFixture fixture{light::LIGHT_ALWAYS_ON};
+  connect_controller(fixture.door);
+  fixture.settle();
+
+  auto [idle, idle_2] = poll_command(fixture.door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(idle, 0x0000);
+  EXPECT_EQ(idle_2, 0x0000);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(fixture.entity_on());
+}
+
+// A reversing press before the toggle is fetched cancels it, so the lamp never moves.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, ReversingPressCancelsTheQueuedToggle) {
+  LightFixture fixture;
+  fixture.bring_up();
+
+  fixture.command(true);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(fixture.door.is_light_toggle_pending_());
+
+  fixture.command(false);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(fixture.door.is_light_toggle_pending_());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(fixture.entity_on());
+
+  // Nothing is left for the controller to fetch, so the lamp stays off as asked.
+  auto [pressed, pressed_2] = poll_command(fixture.door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed, 0x0000);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed_2, 0x0000);
+}
+
+// A lamp switched at the door itself is not one of our toggles landing, so a toggle the door has not even
+// been shown has to keep counting.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightTest, DoorSideLampChangeLeavesAnUnsentToggleCounted) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, lamp_broadcast(0x0000));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(door.toggle_light());
+
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, lamp_broadcast(0x0010));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(door.light_toggles_in_flight_, 1);
+  // The toggle still in the slot will invert what the door just reported.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(door.is_light_heading_on());
+}
+
+// Once the toggles left over are all still waiting in the slot, nothing the door has seen is outstanding,
+// so the wait has to end rather than time out against toggles the door was never shown.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightTest, SettlingTheLastSentToggleEndsTheWait) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, lamp_broadcast(0x0000));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(door.toggle_light());
+  consume_command(door);             // shown to the door, so the wait for a lamp report starts
+  ASSERT_TRUE(door.toggle_light());  // queued behind it, never shown
+  ASSERT_NE(door.light_toggle_released_at_, 0u);
+
+  // The door reports the lamp change the first toggle caused, leaving only the unsent one.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, lamp_broadcast(0x0010));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(door.light_toggles_in_flight_, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(door.light_toggle_released_at_, 0u);
+}
+
+// The watchdog gives up on the toggles the door was shown, but one still waiting in the command slot is
+// going to fire, so it keeps counting.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightTest, WatchdogKeepsAToggleTheDoorHasNotSeen) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  // Wide enough that the toggle queued after the sleep cannot expire before update() runs.
+  door.connection_timeout_ms_ = 200;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, lamp_broadcast(0x0000));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(door.toggle_light());
+  consume_command(door);  // shown to the door, which then says nothing about the lamp
+
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(220));
+  // Queued just now, so only the wait for the first toggle is overdue.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, lamp_broadcast(0x0000));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(door.toggle_light());
+  door.update();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(door.light_toggles_in_flight_, 1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(door.is_light_toggle_pending_());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(door.is_light_heading_on());
+}
+
+// Only the parity of the outstanding count says where the lamp is heading, so the count must not run away.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightTest, TogglesAreRefusedOnceTooManyAreOutstanding) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, lamp_broadcast(0x0000));
+
+  // The door takes every key press but never reports the lamp, so nothing is ever confirmed.
+  for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+    ASSERT_TRUE(door.toggle_light());
+    consume_command(door);
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(door.toggle_light());
+  EXPECT_EQ(door.light_toggles_in_flight_, 4);
+}
+
+// A controller that stops carrying the lamp register leaves nothing refreshing it, so the entity has to flag
+// itself rather than command against what was read before.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, BroadcastWithoutTheLampRegisterMarksItUnknown) {
+  LightFixture fixture;
+  fixture.bring_up();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(fixture.door.is_light_known());
+
+  fixture.report_broadcast(make_registers({0x0000, 0x0000, 0x4000}));
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(fixture.door.is_light_known());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(fixture.output.status_has_warning());
+}
+
+// A publish of ours only reaches write_state() a loop pass later. If the lamp changed at the door in that
+// gap, the write still carries the old value and must not be taken for a request to invert the lamp.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, PublishOvertakenByTheLampIsNotARequest) {
+  LightFixture fixture;
+  fixture.bring_up();
+  // A door command holds the only command slot, so the request below is refused and the lamp published back.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(fixture.door.open_door());
+
+  auto call = fixture.state.make_call();
+  call.set_state(true);
+  call.perform();
+  fixture.state.loop();  // the refusal happens here and schedules the publish for a later pass
+
+  // The slot frees up and the lamp is switched on at the door before that publish arrives.
+  consume_command(fixture.door);
+  fixture.door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, lamp_broadcast(0x0010));
+  fixture.settle();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(fixture.door.light_toggles_in_flight_, 0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(fixture.entity_on());
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/test.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ce3aa2437a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  modbus_server: !include ../../test_build_components/common/modbus_server/esp32-idf.yaml
+  hoermann_hcp: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/test.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8f7ba81b5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  modbus_server: !include ../../test_build_components/common/modbus_server/esp8266-ard.yaml
+  hoermann_hcp: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/homeassistant/common.yaml b/tests/components/homeassistant/common.yaml
index 71a7ac65c2..1099f7ea85 100644
--- a/tests/components/homeassistant/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/homeassistant/common.yaml
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ esphome:
           data_template:
             message: The humidity is {{ my_variable }}%.
           variables:
-            my_variable: "return id(ha_hello_world_temperature).state;"
+            my_variable: !lambda "return id(ha_hello_world_temperature).state;"
       - homeassistant.action:
           action: notify.html5
           data:
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ esphome:
           data_template:
             message: The humidity is {{ my_variable }}%.
           variables:
-            my_variable: "return id(ha_hello_world_temperature).state;"
+            my_variable: !lambda "return id(ha_hello_world_temperature).state;"
 
 wifi:
   ssid: MySSID
diff --git a/tests/components/image/validate-platform-defaults.host.yaml b/tests/components/image/validate-platform-defaults.host.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e1b3037cc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/image/validate-platform-defaults.host.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# `platform: file` entry using the `defaults:`/`files:` shape, including the
+# per-type byte_order drop when an entry overrides to a non-endian type.
+display:
+  - platform: sdl
+    id: image_display
+    auto_clear_enabled: false
+    dimensions:
+      width: 480
+      height: 480
+
+image:
+  - platform: file
+    defaults:
+      type: rgb565
+      transparency: opaque
+      byte_order: little_endian
+      resize: 50x50
+      dither: FloydSteinberg
+    files:
+      - id: platform_defaults_image
+        file: ../../pnglogo.png
+      - id: platform_defaults_binary
+        file: ../../pnglogo.png
+        type: binary
diff --git a/tests/components/improv_base/benchmark.yaml b/tests/components/improv_base/benchmark.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8781e614a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/improv_base/benchmark.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# The builder test compares against the Improv library's build_rpc_response,
+# so the library must be part of the unit test build.
+# Keep the version in sync with the pin in esphome/components/improv_base/__init__.py.
+esphome:
+  libraries:
+    - improv/Improv@1.2.7
diff --git a/tests/components/improv_base/rpc_response_builder_test.cpp b/tests/components/improv_base/rpc_response_builder_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d9d0ad90d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/improv_base/rpc_response_builder_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <array>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <improv.h>
+
+namespace esphome::improv_base::testing {
+
+namespace {
+
+std::vector<uint8_t> build_with_builder(improv::Command command, const std::vector<std::string> &datum,
+                                        bool add_checksum) {
+  std::array<uint8_t, improv::RPC_RESPONSE_MAX_SIZE> buf;
+  improv::RpcResponseBuilder builder(buf, command);
+  for (const auto &str : datum) {
+    EXPECT_TRUE(builder.add_string(str.c_str(), str.size()));
+  }
+  auto out = builder.finish(add_checksum);
+  return {out.begin(), out.end()};
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// The serial path sends builder output where build_rpc_response bytes went before,
+// so the two must match exactly, including the trailing 0x00 when checksums are off.
+TEST(RpcResponseBuilder, ByteIdenticalToBuildRpcResponse) {
+  const std::vector<std::string> device_info = {"ESPHome", "2026.9.0", "ESP32", "test-device"};
+  const std::vector<std::string> network = {"MySSID", "-67", "YES"};
+  const std::vector<std::string> empty = {};
+  const std::vector<std::string> max_payload = {std::string(254, 'x')};
+
+  for (bool add_checksum : {false, true}) {
+    for (const auto *datum : {&device_info, &network, &empty, &max_payload}) {
+      EXPECT_EQ(build_with_builder(improv::GET_DEVICE_INFO, *datum, add_checksum),
+                improv::build_rpc_response(improv::GET_DEVICE_INFO, *datum, add_checksum));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Golden bytes independent of the library: command, data length, string entries,
+// then the trailing byte (0x00 without checksum, additive checksum with).
+TEST(RpcResponseBuilder, GoldenBytes) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(build_with_builder(improv::GET_WIFI_NETWORKS, {}, false), (std::vector<uint8_t>{0x04, 0x00, 0x00}));
+  EXPECT_EQ(build_with_builder(improv::GET_WIFI_NETWORKS, {"ab"}, false),
+            (std::vector<uint8_t>{0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 'a', 'b', 0x00}));
+  // Checksum: 0x04 + 0x03 + 0x02 + 'a' + 'b' = 0xCC
+  EXPECT_EQ(build_with_builder(improv::GET_WIFI_NETWORKS, {"ab"}, true),
+            (std::vector<uint8_t>{0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 'a', 'b', 0xCC}));
+}
+
+// esp32_improv calls finish() and build_rpc_response() with no checksum flag,
+// so the two defaults must agree
+TEST(RpcResponseBuilder, DefaultChecksumFlagMatches) {
+  const std::vector<std::string> urls = {"https://example.com"};
+  std::array<uint8_t, improv::RPC_RESPONSE_MAX_SIZE> buf;
+  improv::RpcResponseBuilder builder(buf, improv::WIFI_SETTINGS);
+  for (const auto &str : urls) {
+    EXPECT_TRUE(builder.add_string(str.c_str(), str.size()));
+  }
+  auto out = builder.finish();
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::vector<uint8_t>(out.begin(), out.end()), improv::build_rpc_response(improv::WIFI_SETTINGS, urls));
+}
+
+TEST(RpcResponseBuilder, PayloadBudget) {
+  std::array<uint8_t, improv::RPC_RESPONSE_MAX_SIZE> buf;
+
+  // 254 byte string fills the payload exactly; a second entry no longer fits
+  improv::RpcResponseBuilder full(buf, improv::GET_DEVICE_INFO);
+  const std::string big(254, 'x');
+  EXPECT_TRUE(full.add_string(big.c_str(), big.size()));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(full.add_string("y", 1));
+
+  // 255 byte string can never fit (its length byte would exceed the budget)
+  improv::RpcResponseBuilder over(buf, improv::GET_DEVICE_INFO);
+  const std::string too_big(255, 'y');
+  EXPECT_FALSE(over.add_string(too_big.c_str(), too_big.size()));
+  // A wildly out of range length must not wrap the position arithmetic
+  EXPECT_FALSE(over.add_string("z", static_cast<size_t>(-1)));
+  auto out = over.finish(false);
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::vector<uint8_t>(out.begin(), out.end()), (std::vector<uint8_t>{0x03, 0x00, 0x00}));
+}
+
+TEST(RpcResponseBuilder, FinishIsIdempotent) {
+  std::array<uint8_t, improv::RPC_RESPONSE_MAX_SIZE> buf;
+  improv::RpcResponseBuilder builder(buf, improv::GET_DEVICE_INFO);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(builder.add_string("abc", 3));
+  auto first = builder.finish(true);
+  const std::vector<uint8_t> expected(first.begin(), first.end());
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(builder.add_string("late", 4));
+  auto again = builder.finish(true);
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::vector<uint8_t>(again.begin(), again.end()), expected);
+  // The checksum flag on a later call is ignored
+  auto no_checksum = builder.finish(false);
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::vector<uint8_t>(no_checksum.begin(), no_checksum.end()), expected);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::improv_base::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/improv_serial/common-ethernet.yaml b/tests/components/improv_serial/common-ethernet.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c1d8190c13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/improv_serial/common-ethernet.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+ethernet:
+  type: W5500
+  clk_pin: 19
+  mosi_pin: 21
+  miso_pin: 17
+  cs_pin: 18
+  interrupt_pin: 36
+  reset_pin: 12
+  clock_speed: 10Mhz
+
+logger:
+  hardware_uart: UART0
+
+# Exercises the per-interface webserver URL collection at compile time
+web_server:
+
+improv_serial:
diff --git a/tests/components/improv_serial/common-uart-bus.yaml b/tests/components/improv_serial/common-uart-bus.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..41ee00fce0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/improv_serial/common-uart-bus.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+# Serial logging off; on a dedicated UART bus improv_serial must not
+# require the logger's serial settings
+logger:
+  baud_rate: 0
+
+improv_serial:
+  uart_id: uart_bus
diff --git a/tests/components/improv_serial/common-uart0.yaml b/tests/components/improv_serial/common-uart0.yaml
index 7b7730fd46..45bf1e5c33 100644
--- a/tests/components/improv_serial/common-uart0.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/improv_serial/common-uart0.yaml
@@ -5,4 +5,6 @@ wifi:
 logger:
   hardware_uart: UART0
 
+# next_url compiles the USE_IMPROV_SERIAL_NEXT_URL branch and add_next_url_
 improv_serial:
+  next_url: https://example.com/?device_name={{device_name}}&ip_address={{ip_address}}
diff --git a/tests/components/improv_serial/test-ethernet.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/improv_serial/test-ethernet.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2dd3a1551e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/improv_serial/test-ethernet.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+packages:
+  improv_serial: !include common-ethernet.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/improv_serial/test-uart-bus.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/improv_serial/test-uart-bus.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..235e3789a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/improv_serial/test-uart-bus.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  uart: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart/esp32-idf.yaml
+  improv_serial: !include common-uart-bus.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/improv_serial/test-uart-bus.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/improv_serial/test-uart-bus.esp8266-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..40a6b7f4fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/improv_serial/test-uart-bus.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  uart: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart/esp8266-ard.yaml
+  improv_serial: !include common-uart-bus.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..618b4ff879
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: inkbird_ibsth1_mini
+    mac_address: 38:81:D7:0A:9C:11
+    temperature:
+      name: Inkbird IBS-TH1 Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: Inkbird IBS-TH1 Humidity
diff --git a/tests/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/common.yaml b/tests/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/common.yaml
index ba46b7dbf6..50c977cf8d 100644
--- a/tests/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: inkbird_ibsth1_mini
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: 38:81:D7:0A:9C:11
     temperature:
       name: Inkbird IBS-TH1 Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2d37c8d318
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  inkbird_ibsth1_mini: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..93ea63c2a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: inkbird_ibsth1_mini
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: 38:81:D7:0A:9C:11
+    temperature:
+      name: Inkbird IBS-TH1 Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: Inkbird IBS-TH1 Humidity
+    battery_level:
+      name: Inkbird IBS-TH1 Battery Level
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: inkbird_ibsth1_mini
+    mac_address: 38:81:D7:0A:9C:12
+    temperature:
+      name: BK Inkbird Implicit Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/ld6002b/common.yaml b/tests/components/ld6002b/common.yaml
index 15ab06c394..ee881bd787 100644
--- a/tests/components/ld6002b/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/ld6002b/common.yaml
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ sensor:
     ld6002b_id: ld6002b_radar
     target_count:
       name: Target Count
+    point_count:
+      name: Point Count
     target_1:
       x:
         name: Target-1 X
@@ -40,6 +42,32 @@ sensor:
         name: Target-3 Dop
       cluster_id:
         name: Target-3 Cluster
+    interference_area_0:
+      x_min:
+        name: Interference-0 X Min
+      x_max:
+        name: Interference-0 X Max
+      y_min:
+        name: Interference-0 Y Min
+      y_max:
+        name: Interference-0 Y Max
+      z_min:
+        name: Interference-0 Z Min
+      z_max:
+        name: Interference-0 Z Max
+    detection_area_0:
+      x_min:
+        name: Detection-0 X Min
+      x_max:
+        name: Detection-0 X Max
+      y_min:
+        name: Detection-0 Y Min
+      y_max:
+        name: Detection-0 Y Max
+      z_min:
+        name: Detection-0 Z Min
+      z_max:
+        name: Detection-0 Z Max
 
 binary_sensor:
   - platform: ld6002b
@@ -48,3 +76,92 @@ binary_sensor:
       name: Presence
     target_1:
       name: Target-1 Presence
+    detection_area_0:
+      name: Detection Area-0 Presence
+
+text_sensor:
+  - platform: ld6002b
+    ld6002b_id: ld6002b_radar
+    work_mode:
+      name: Work Mode
+    ota_version:
+      name: OTA Version
+
+number:
+  - platform: ld6002b
+    ld6002b_id: ld6002b_radar
+    hold_delay:
+      name: Hold Delay
+    z_min:
+      name: Z Min
+    z_max:
+      name: Z Max
+    low_power_sleep_time:
+      name: Low Power Sleep
+    area_config:
+      x_min:
+        name: Area X Min
+      x_max:
+        name: Area X Max
+      y_min:
+        name: Area Y Min
+      y_max:
+        name: Area Y Max
+      z_min:
+        name: Area Z Min
+      z_max:
+        name: Area Z Max
+
+select:
+  - platform: ld6002b
+    ld6002b_id: ld6002b_radar
+    sensitivity:
+      name: Sensitivity
+    trigger_speed:
+      name: Trigger Speed
+    installation_mode:
+      name: Installation
+    area_id:
+      name: Area ID
+
+switch:
+  - platform: ld6002b
+    ld6002b_id: ld6002b_radar
+    low_power:
+      name: Low Power
+    point_cloud:
+      name: Point Cloud
+    target_display:
+      name: Target Display
+
+button:
+  - platform: ld6002b
+    ld6002b_id: ld6002b_radar
+    apply_area:
+      name: Apply Area
+    auto_interference:
+      name: Auto Interference
+    get_areas:
+      name: Get Areas
+    clear_interference:
+      name: Clear Interference
+    reset_detection_area:
+      name: Reset Detection
+    get_delay:
+      name: Get Delay
+    get_sensitivity:
+      name: Get Sensitivity
+    get_trigger_speed:
+      name: Get Trigger Speed
+    get_z_range:
+      name: Get Z Range
+    get_installation:
+      name: Get Installation
+    get_low_power_mode:
+      name: Get Low Power Mode
+    get_low_power_sleep_time:
+      name: Get Low Power Sleep
+    reset_unattended:
+      name: Reset Unattended
+    wake:
+      name: Wake
diff --git a/tests/components/light/test_gamma_correction.cpp b/tests/components/light/test_gamma_correction.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4b8d83c544
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/light/test_gamma_correction.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <array>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "esphome/components/light/esp_color_correction.h"
+
+namespace esphome::light::testing {
+
+namespace {
+
+// A representative fixture for ESPColorCorrection/gamma_table_reverse_search tests below --
+// not a spec for generate_gamma_table() itself, which the Python tests own.
+std::array<uint16_t, 256> build_gamma_table(double gamma) {
+  std::array<uint16_t, 256> table{};
+  table[0] = 0;
+  for (int i = 1; i < 256; i++) {
+    double raw = std::round(std::pow(i / 255.0, gamma) * 65535.0);
+    table[i] = static_cast<uint16_t>(std::max(1.0, std::min(65535.0, raw)));
+  }
+  return table;
+}
+
+// Bundles a table with an ESPColorCorrection pointing at it, since the correction only holds
+// a raw pointer into the table and doesn't own it.
+struct GammaFixture {
+  explicit GammaFixture(double gamma) : table(build_gamma_table(gamma)) { correction.set_gamma_table(table.data()); }
+  std::array<uint16_t, 256> table;
+  ESPColorCorrection correction;
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// Regression test for esphome/esphome#18842: ESPColorCorrection's own 16-bit -> 8-bit
+// conversion must never round a non-zero table entry down to a zero 8-bit output.
+TEST(GammaCorrection, NonZeroInputsSurviveConversion) {
+  for (double gamma : {1.0, 1.8, 2.0, 2.2, 2.8, 3.0, 4.0}) {
+    GammaFixture fixture(gamma);
+    for (int i = 1; i < 256; i++) {
+      EXPECT_GE(fixture.correction.color_correct_red(i), 1) << "gamma=" << gamma << " index=" << i;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(GammaCorrection, ZeroInputStaysZero) {
+  for (double gamma : {1.0, 2.2, 2.8, 4.0}) {
+    GammaFixture fixture(gamma);
+    EXPECT_EQ(fixture.correction.color_correct_red(0), 0) << "gamma=" << gamma;
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(GammaCorrection, FullBrightnessStaysFull) {
+  for (double gamma : {1.0, 2.2, 2.8, 4.0}) {
+    GammaFixture fixture(gamma);
+    EXPECT_EQ(fixture.correction.color_correct_red(255), 255) << "gamma=" << gamma;
+  }
+}
+
+// Reproduces the reporter's own numbers from esphome/esphome#18842 at gamma=2.8: codes
+// 1-27 previously collapsed to an 8-bit output of 0 and must now be non-zero.
+TEST(GammaCorrection, DeadZoneFixedAtGamma28) {
+  GammaFixture fixture(2.8);
+  for (int i = 1; i < 28; i++) {
+    EXPECT_GE(fixture.correction.color_correct_red(i), 1) << "index=" << i << " still collapses to 0";
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(GammaCorrection, ReverseSearchFindsLargestIndexLessEqualTarget) {
+  auto table = build_gamma_table(2.8);
+  for (uint16_t target : {0, 128, 129, 135, 1000, 32768, 65535}) {
+    uint8_t lo = gamma_table_reverse_search(table.data(), target);
+    EXPECT_LE(table[lo], target) << "target=" << target;
+    if (lo < 255) {
+      EXPECT_GT(table[lo + 1], target) << "target=" << target;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// color_uncorrect_* binary-searches the table via gamma_table_reverse_search().
+TEST(GammaCorrection, UncorrectStaysMonotonic) {
+  GammaFixture fixture(2.8);
+  uint8_t prev = 0;
+  for (int i = 1; i < 256; i++) {
+    uint8_t result = fixture.correction.color_uncorrect_red(i);
+    EXPECT_GE(result, prev) << "index=" << i;
+    prev = result;
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::light::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/lvgl/lvgl-package.yaml b/tests/components/lvgl/lvgl-package.yaml
index 46c1fd362a..07c492db35 100644
--- a/tests/components/lvgl/lvgl-package.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/lvgl/lvgl-package.yaml
@@ -188,6 +188,8 @@ lvgl:
     dark_mode: true
     obj:
       border_width: 1
+      user_1:
+        bg_color: black
 
   gradients:
     - id: color_bar
@@ -209,6 +211,63 @@ lvgl:
           position: 212
         - color: 0xFF0000
           position: 255
+    - id: linear_grad
+      direction: LINEAR
+      linear:
+        from_x: 0%
+        from_y: 0%
+        to_x: 100%
+        to_y: 0%
+        extend: REFLECT
+      stops:
+        - color: 0xFF0000
+          position: 0
+        - color: 0x0000FF
+          position: 255
+    - id: radial_grad
+      direction: RADIAL
+      radial:
+        center_x: 50%
+        center_y: 50%
+        to_x: 100%
+        to_y: 50%
+        extend: PAD
+      stops:
+        - color: 0xFFFFFF
+          position: 0
+        - color: 0x000000
+          position: 255
+    - id: radial_focal_grad
+      direction: RADIAL
+      radial:
+        center_x: 50%
+        center_y: 50%
+        to_x: 100%
+        to_y: 50%
+        focal_x: 40%
+        focal_y: 40%
+        focal_radius: 10
+        extend: REPEAT
+      stops:
+        - color: 0xFF0000
+          position: 0
+        - color: 0x0000FF
+          position: 255
+    - id: conical_grad
+      direction: CONICAL
+      conical:
+        center_x: 50%
+        center_y: 50%
+        start_angle: 0
+        end_angle: 360
+        extend: PAD
+      stops:
+        - color: 0xFF0000
+          position: 0
+        - color: 0x00FF00
+          position: 127
+        - color: 0xFF0000
+          position: 255
 
   style_definitions:
     - id: style_test
@@ -660,6 +719,30 @@ lvgl:
                 id: button_with_text
                 text: Clicked
 
+        # Exercises the LV_STATE_USER_1..USER_4 states: setting them at creation
+        # (both literal and lambda), styling each of them individually, and
+        # setting/clearing them at runtime with lvgl.widget.update.
+        - button:
+            id: user_flags_button
+            text: User flags
+            state:
+              user_1: true
+              user_2: !lambda return true;
+            user_1:
+              bg_color: 0xFF00FF
+            user_2:
+              bg_color: 0x00FFFF
+            user_3:
+              bg_color: 0xFFFF00
+            user_4:
+              bg_color: 0x808080
+            on_click:
+              - lvgl.widget.update:
+                  id: user_flags_button
+                  state:
+                    user_3: true
+                    user_4: !lambda return !lv_obj_has_state(id(user_flags_button), LV_STATE_USER_4);
+
         - button:
             layout: 2x1
             id: button_button
@@ -1070,6 +1153,14 @@ lvgl:
               logger.log:
                 format: Slider released at %d/%d with value %.0f
                 args: ['(int) point.x', '(int) point.y', x]
+
+        # Exercises the style-application path for a complex gradient, not just its
+        # lv_grad_*_init() codegen: the other new gradients are only ever declared.
+        - obj:
+            bg_opa: cover
+            bg_grad: conical_grad
+            width: 40
+            height: 40
         - button:
             styles: spin_button
             id: spin_up
@@ -1181,6 +1272,38 @@ lvgl:
                 - logger.log:
                     format: "bar value %f"
                     args: [x]
+        - table:
+            id: table_id
+            align: top_mid
+            y: 60
+            columns:
+              - width: 40%
+              - width: 80
+            rows:
+              - ["Name", "Value"]
+              - cells:
+                  - text: "Temp"
+                    merge_right: true
+                  - text: "22.5"
+                    text_crop: true
+            selected_row: 0
+            on_value:
+              then:
+                - logger.log:
+                    format: "table selected row %u col %u"
+                    args: [row, column]
+            on_click:
+              then:
+                - lvgl.table.cell.update:
+                    id: table_id
+                    row: 1
+                    column: 1
+                    text: !lambda return str_sprintf("%.1f", (float) rand() / RAND_MAX * 100);
+                    merge_right: false
+                - lvgl.table.update:
+                    id: table_id
+                    selected_row: !lambda return (int) ((float) rand() / RAND_MAX * 2);
+                    selected_column: 0
         - line:
             id: lv_line_id
             align: center
@@ -1214,6 +1337,64 @@ lvgl:
             id: checkbox_id
             text: Checkbox
             align: bottom_right
+        - list:
+            id: test_list_id
+            align: top_right
+            width: 150px
+            height: 120px
+            pad_row: 4
+            on_add:
+              - logger.log:
+                  format: "list entry added at %d"
+                  args: [list_index]
+            on_remove:
+              - logger.log:
+                  format: "list entry removed at %d"
+                  args: [list_index]
+            on_click:
+              - lvgl.list.add_text:
+                  id: test_list_id
+                  text: !lambda return "Section";
+              - lvgl.list.add_text:
+                  id: test_list_id
+                  text: "Pinned section"
+                  index: 0
+              - lvgl.list.add:
+                  id: test_list_id
+                  button:
+                    text: "Entry"
+                    checkable: true
+              - lvgl.list.add:
+                  id: test_list_id
+                  index: 1
+                  obj:
+                    widgets:
+                      - label:
+                          text: !lambda return "Dynamic row " + std::to_string(millis());
+                      - button:
+                          widgets:
+                            - label:
+                                text: "Tap"
+                          on_click:
+                            - lambda: |-
+                                ESP_LOGD("lvgl", "dynamic row button clicked, row %d",
+                                    lvgl::lv_list_get_row_index(id(test_list_id), static_cast<lv_obj_t *>(lv_event_get_target(event))));
+                      - dropdown:
+                          options:
+                            - "One"
+                            - "Two"
+                          on_value:
+                            - lambda: |-
+                                ESP_LOGD("lvgl", "dynamic row dropdown changed, row %d",
+                                    lvgl::lv_list_get_row_index(id(test_list_id), static_cast<lv_obj_t *>(lv_event_get_target(event))));
+              - lvgl.list.remove:
+                  id: test_list_id
+                  index: 0
+              - lvgl.list.clear:
+                  id: test_list_id
+              - lvgl.list.update:
+                  id: test_list_id
+                  pad_row: 8
         - slider:
             id: slider_id
             align: top_mid
diff --git a/tests/components/lvgl/validate.host.yaml b/tests/components/lvgl/validate.host.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..77db404a6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/lvgl/validate.host.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+esphome:
+  name: lvgl-list-validate
+
+host:
+
+logger:
+
+display:
+  - platform: sdl
+    id: sdl0
+    dimensions:
+      width: 320
+      height: 240
+
+lvgl:
+  displays: sdl0
+  widgets:
+    # Two independent lists, each with their own on_add/on_remove and, for list_a,
+    # more than one automation under the same trigger key -- checks that the
+    # per-list trigger bookkeeping is keyed correctly and doesn't require exactly
+    # one automation.
+    - list:
+        id: validate_list_a
+        align: center
+        pad_row: 6
+        on_add:
+          - logger.log:
+              format: "a: added %d"
+              args: [list_index]
+          - logger.log:
+              format: "a: also added %d"
+              args: [list_index]
+        on_remove:
+          - logger.log:
+              format: "a: removed %d"
+              args: [list_index]
+        on_boot:
+          # lvgl.list.add_text and lvgl.list.add both take an optional, templatable index.
+          - lvgl.list.add_text:
+              id: validate_list_a
+              text: "Header"
+              index: !lambda return 0;
+          # any registered widget type is valid as the single lvgl.list.add key.
+          - lvgl.list.add:
+              id: validate_list_a
+              checkbox:
+                align: center
+                text: "Option"
+          - lvgl.list.add:
+              id: validate_list_a
+              index: !lambda return 0;
+              switch:
+                align: center
+          - lvgl.list.add:
+              id: validate_list_a
+              spinner:
+                align: center
+          - lvgl.list.add:
+              id: validate_list_a
+              obj:
+                align: center
+          - lvgl.list.remove:
+              id: validate_list_a
+              index: !lambda return 0;
+          - lvgl.list.clear:
+              id: validate_list_a
+    - list:
+        id: validate_list_b
+        align: center
+        on_remove:
+          - logger.log:
+              format: "b: removed %d"
+              args: [list_index]
diff --git a/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/climate/mitsubishi_cn105_climate_tests.cpp b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/climate/mitsubishi_cn105_climate_tests.cpp
index 36e0fc90b4..10d935a775 100644
--- a/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/climate/mitsubishi_cn105_climate_tests.cpp
+++ b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/climate/mitsubishi_cn105_climate_tests.cpp
@@ -1,165 +1,112 @@
+#include <array>
+#include <utility>
 #include "../common.h"
 
+#include "esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_climate.h"
+
 namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105::testing {
 
+struct MitsubishiCN105ClimateTestContext {
+  MitsubishiCN105Component component;
+  MitsubishiCN105Climate sut;
+
+  MitsubishiCN105ClimateTestContext() { this->sut.set_parent(&this->component); }
+};
+
+TEST(MitsubishiCN105ClimateTests, CelsiusTemperatureMappingAndTraitsMatchExpectedValues) {
+  MitsubishiCN105ClimateTestContext context;
+
+  for (int temperature = 16; temperature <= 31; ++temperature) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(context.component.get_temperature_mapping().to_mitsubishi(temperature), temperature);
+    EXPECT_EQ(context.component.get_temperature_mapping().from_mitsubishi(temperature), temperature);
+  }
+
+  const auto traits = context.sut.traits();
+  EXPECT_EQ(traits.get_temperature_unit(), TemperatureUnit::CELSIUS);
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(traits.get_visual_min_temperature(), 16.0f);
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(traits.get_visual_max_temperature(), 31.0f);
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(traits.get_visual_target_temperature_step(), 1.0f);
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(traits.get_visual_current_temperature_step(), 0.5f);
+}
+
+TEST(MitsubishiCN105ClimateTests, FahrenheitTemperatureMappingAndTraitsMatchExpectedValues) {
+  MitsubishiCN105ClimateTestContext context;
+  context.component.set_use_fahrenheit(true);
+
+  const std::array cases{
+      std::pair{61, 16.0f}, std::pair{62, 16.5f}, std::pair{63, 17.0f}, std::pair{64, 17.5f}, std::pair{65, 18.0f},
+      std::pair{66, 18.5f}, std::pair{67, 19.0f}, std::pair{68, 20.0f}, std::pair{69, 21.0f}, std::pair{70, 21.5f},
+      std::pair{71, 22.0f}, std::pair{72, 22.5f}, std::pair{73, 23.0f}, std::pair{74, 23.5f}, std::pair{75, 24.0f},
+      std::pair{76, 24.5f}, std::pair{77, 25.0f}, std::pair{78, 25.5f}, std::pair{79, 26.0f}, std::pair{80, 26.5f},
+      std::pair{81, 27.0f}, std::pair{82, 27.5f}, std::pair{83, 28.0f}, std::pair{84, 28.5f}, std::pair{85, 29.0f},
+      std::pair{86, 29.5f}, std::pair{87, 30.0f}, std::pair{88, 30.5f},
+  };
+
+  for (const auto &[fahrenheit, mitsubishi_celsius] : cases) {
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(context.component.get_temperature_mapping().to_mitsubishi(fahrenheit), mitsubishi_celsius);
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(context.component.get_temperature_mapping().from_mitsubishi(mitsubishi_celsius), fahrenheit);
+  }
+  const auto traits = context.sut.traits();
+  EXPECT_EQ(traits.get_temperature_unit(), TemperatureUnit::FAHRENHEIT);
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(traits.get_visual_min_temperature(), 61.0f);
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(traits.get_visual_max_temperature(), 88.0f);
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(traits.get_visual_target_temperature_step(), 1.0f);
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(traits.get_visual_current_temperature_step(), 1.0f);
+}
+
+TEST(MitsubishiCN105ClimateTests, FahrenheitTemperatureMappingUsesLinearConversionOutsideSetpointRange) {
+  auto mapping = TemperatureMapping();
+  mapping.set_use_fahrenheit(true);
+
+  const std::array cases{
+      std::pair{0.0f, 32.0f},  std::pair{10.0f, 50.0f}, std::pair{15.5f, 59.9f},
+      std::pair{31.0f, 87.8f}, std::pair{35.0f, 95.0f}, std::pair{40.0f, 104.0f},
+  };
+
+  for (const auto &[celsius, fahrenheit] : cases) {
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(mapping.from_mitsubishi(celsius), fahrenheit);
+  }
+}
+
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105ClimateTests, SupportedSwingModeOffLeavesTraitsEmpty) {
-  TestableMitsubishiCN105Climate sut;
+  MitsubishiCN105ClimateTestContext context;
 
-  sut.set_supported_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF);
+  context.sut.set_supported_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF);
 
-  EXPECT_FALSE(sut.traits().get_supports_swing_modes());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(context.sut.traits().get_supports_swing_modes());
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105ClimateTests, SupportedSwingModeVerticalExposesOffAndVertical) {
-  TestableMitsubishiCN105Climate sut;
+  MitsubishiCN105ClimateTestContext context;
 
-  sut.set_supported_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL);
+  context.sut.set_supported_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL);
 
-  EXPECT_TRUE(sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(context.sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(context.sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(context.sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(context.sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH));
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105ClimateTests, SupportedSwingModeHorizontalExposesOffAndHorizontal) {
-  TestableMitsubishiCN105Climate sut;
+  MitsubishiCN105ClimateTestContext context;
 
-  sut.set_supported_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL);
+  context.sut.set_supported_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL);
 
-  EXPECT_TRUE(sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(context.sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(context.sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(context.sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(context.sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH));
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105ClimateTests, SupportedSwingModeBothExposesAllExpectedModes) {
-  TestableMitsubishiCN105Climate sut;
+  MitsubishiCN105ClimateTestContext context;
 
-  sut.set_supported_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH);
+  context.sut.set_supported_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH);
 
-  EXPECT_TRUE(sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH));
-}
-
-TEST(MitsubishiCN105ClimateTests, ApplyValuesMapsVerticalSwingWhenSupported) {
-  TestableMitsubishiCN105Climate sut;
-
-  sut.set_supported_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL);
-
-  sut.status().vane_mode = MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING;
-  sut.status().wide_vane_mode = MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::CENTER;
-
-  sut.apply_values_();
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(sut.swing_mode, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL);
-}
-
-TEST(MitsubishiCN105ClimateTests, ApplyValuesMapsHorizontalSwingWhenSupported) {
-  TestableMitsubishiCN105Climate sut;
-
-  sut.set_supported_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL);
-
-  sut.status().vane_mode = MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::AUTO;
-  sut.status().wide_vane_mode = MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::SWING;
-
-  sut.apply_values_();
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(sut.swing_mode, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL);
-}
-
-TEST(MitsubishiCN105ClimateTests, ApplyValuesMapsBothSwingWhenSupported) {
-  TestableMitsubishiCN105Climate sut;
-
-  sut.set_supported_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH);
-
-  sut.status().vane_mode = MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING;
-  sut.status().wide_vane_mode = MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::SWING;
-
-  sut.apply_values_();
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(sut.swing_mode, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH);
-}
-
-TEST(MitsubishiCN105ClimateTests, ApplyValuesMapsSwingOffWhenNoSwingActive) {
-  TestableMitsubishiCN105Climate sut;
-
-  sut.set_supported_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH);
-
-  sut.status().vane_mode = MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_3;
-  sut.status().wide_vane_mode = MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::CENTER;
-
-  sut.apply_values_();
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(sut.swing_mode, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF);
-}
-
-TEST(MitsubishiCN105ClimateTests, ApplyValuesRemembersLastNonSwingPositions) {
-  TestableMitsubishiCN105Climate sut;
-
-  sut.set_supported_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH);
-
-  sut.status().vane_mode = MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_4;
-  sut.status().wide_vane_mode = MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::RIGHT;
-
-  sut.apply_values_();
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(sut.last_non_swing_vane_mode_, MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_4);
-  EXPECT_EQ(sut.last_non_swing_wide_vane_mode_, MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::RIGHT);
-
-  sut.status().vane_mode = MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING;
-  sut.status().wide_vane_mode = MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::SWING;
-
-  sut.apply_values_();
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(sut.last_non_swing_vane_mode_, MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_4);
-  EXPECT_EQ(sut.last_non_swing_wide_vane_mode_, MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::RIGHT);
-  EXPECT_EQ(sut.swing_mode, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH);
-}
-
-TEST(MitsubishiCN105ClimateTests, ApplyValuesDoesNotOverwriteRememberedPositionWithUnknownValues) {
-  TestableMitsubishiCN105Climate sut;
-
-  sut.set_supported_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH);
-
-  sut.last_non_swing_vane_mode_ = MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_2;
-  sut.last_non_swing_wide_vane_mode_ = MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::LEFT;
-
-  sut.status().vane_mode = MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::UNKNOWN;
-  sut.status().wide_vane_mode = MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::UNKNOWN;
-
-  sut.apply_values_();
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(sut.last_non_swing_vane_mode_, MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_2);
-  EXPECT_EQ(sut.last_non_swing_wide_vane_mode_, MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::LEFT);
-  EXPECT_EQ(sut.swing_mode, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF);
-}
-
-TEST(MitsubishiCN105ClimateTests, ApplyValuesIgnoresUnsupportedVerticalSwingState) {
-  TestableMitsubishiCN105Climate sut;
-
-  sut.set_supported_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL);
-
-  sut.status().vane_mode = MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING;
-  sut.status().wide_vane_mode = MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::CENTER;
-
-  sut.apply_values_();
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(sut.swing_mode, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF);
-}
-
-TEST(MitsubishiCN105ClimateTests, ApplyValuesIgnoresUnsupportedHorizontalSwingState) {
-  TestableMitsubishiCN105Climate sut;
-
-  sut.set_supported_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL);
-
-  sut.status().vane_mode = MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::AUTO;
-  sut.status().wide_vane_mode = MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::SWING;
-
-  sut.apply_values_();
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(sut.swing_mode, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(context.sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(context.sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(context.sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(context.sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH));
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/climate/mitsubishi_cn105_swing_mode_manager_tests.cpp b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/climate/mitsubishi_cn105_swing_mode_manager_tests.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ab3048b874
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/climate/mitsubishi_cn105_swing_mode_manager_tests.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+#include "../common.h"
+
+#include "esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_swing_mode_manager.h"
+
+namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105::testing {
+
+static SwingModeManager make_swing_mode_manager(std::initializer_list<climate::ClimateSwingMode> supported_modes) {
+  SwingModeManager manager;
+  climate::ClimateSwingModeMask supported_swing_modes;
+  for (const auto mode : supported_modes)
+    supported_swing_modes.insert(mode);
+  manager.set_supported_swing_modes(supported_swing_modes);
+  return manager;
+}
+
+TEST(SwingModeManagerTests, StatusMapsVerticalSwingWhenSupported) {
+  auto manager = make_swing_mode_manager({climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL});
+  EXPECT_EQ(manager.update_and_get_swing_mode(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING, MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::CENTER),
+            std::optional{climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL});
+}
+
+TEST(SwingModeManagerTests, StatusMapsHorizontalSwingWhenSupported) {
+  auto manager = make_swing_mode_manager({climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL});
+  EXPECT_EQ(manager.update_and_get_swing_mode(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::AUTO, MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::SWING),
+            std::optional{climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL});
+}
+
+TEST(SwingModeManagerTests, StatusMapsBothSwingWhenSupported) {
+  auto manager = make_swing_mode_manager({climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL,
+                                          climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH});
+  EXPECT_EQ(manager.update_and_get_swing_mode(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING, MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::SWING),
+            std::optional{climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH});
+}
+
+TEST(SwingModeManagerTests, StatusMapsSwingOffWhenNoSwingActive) {
+  auto manager = make_swing_mode_manager({climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL,
+                                          climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH});
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      manager.update_and_get_swing_mode(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_3, MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::CENTER),
+      std::optional{climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF});
+}
+
+TEST(SwingModeManagerTests, RemembersLastNonSwingPositions) {
+  auto manager = make_swing_mode_manager({climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL,
+                                          climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH});
+  manager.update_and_get_swing_mode(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_4, MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::RIGHT);
+  manager.update_and_get_swing_mode(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING, MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::SWING);
+  EXPECT_EQ(manager.vane_from(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF), std::optional{MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_4});
+  EXPECT_EQ(manager.wide_vane_from(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF), std::optional{MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::RIGHT});
+}
+
+TEST(SwingModeManagerTests, UnknownValuesDoNotOverwriteRememberedPositions) {
+  auto manager = make_swing_mode_manager({climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL,
+                                          climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH});
+  manager.update_and_get_swing_mode(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_2, MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::LEFT);
+  manager.update_and_get_swing_mode(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::UNKNOWN, MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::UNKNOWN);
+  EXPECT_EQ(manager.vane_from(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF), std::optional{MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_2});
+  EXPECT_EQ(manager.wide_vane_from(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF), std::optional{MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::LEFT});
+}
+
+TEST(SwingModeManagerTests, UnsupportedVerticalSwingStateIsIgnored) {
+  auto manager = make_swing_mode_manager({climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL});
+  EXPECT_EQ(manager.update_and_get_swing_mode(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING, MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::CENTER),
+            std::optional{climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF});
+}
+
+TEST(SwingModeManagerTests, UnsupportedHorizontalSwingStateIsIgnored) {
+  auto manager = make_swing_mode_manager({climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL});
+  EXPECT_EQ(manager.update_and_get_swing_mode(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::AUTO, MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::SWING),
+            std::optional{climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF});
+}
+
+TEST(SwingModeManagerTests, SwingModeFromReturnsNulloptWhenNoSwingModesSupported) {
+  auto manager = make_swing_mode_manager({});
+  EXPECT_FALSE(manager.update_and_get_swing_mode(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING, MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::SWING)
+                   .has_value());
+}
+
+TEST(SwingModeManagerTests, VaneFromSwingModeReturnsNulloptWhenVerticalUnsupported) {
+  auto manager = make_swing_mode_manager({climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL});
+  EXPECT_FALSE(manager.vane_from(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL).has_value());
+}
+
+TEST(SwingModeManagerTests, WideVaneFromSwingModeReturnsNulloptWhenHorizontalUnsupported) {
+  auto manager = make_swing_mode_manager({climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL});
+  EXPECT_FALSE(manager.wide_vane_from(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL).has_value());
+}
+
+TEST(SwingModeManagerTests, VaneAndWideVaneFromSwingModeMapSwingModes) {
+  auto manager = make_swing_mode_manager({climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL,
+                                          climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH});
+  EXPECT_EQ(manager.vane_from(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL), std::optional{MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING});
+  EXPECT_EQ(manager.vane_from(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH), std::optional{MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING});
+  EXPECT_EQ(manager.wide_vane_from(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL),
+            std::optional{MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::SWING});
+  EXPECT_EQ(manager.wide_vane_from(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH), std::optional{MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::SWING});
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/climate/mitsubishi_cn105_tests.cpp b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/climate/mitsubishi_cn105_tests.cpp
index ef3cdd0fff..fcd09bb18e 100644
--- a/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/climate/mitsubishi_cn105_tests.cpp
+++ b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/climate/mitsubishi_cn105_tests.cpp
@@ -2,16 +2,16 @@
 
 namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105::testing {
 
-struct TestContext {
+struct MitsubishiCN105TestsContext {
   MockUARTComponent uart;
   uart::UARTDevice device{&uart};
   TestableMitsubishiCN105 sut{device};
 
-  TestContext() { this->sut.set_current_time(0); }
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext() { this->sut.set_current_time(0); }
 };
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, InitSendsConnectPacket) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
   ctx.sut.set_current_time(123);
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.state_, TestableMitsubishiCN105::State::NOT_CONNECTED);
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, InitSendsConnectPacket) {
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ConnectAndUpdateStatus) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
   ctx.sut.initialize();
   ctx.uart.tx.clear();  // Remove first connect packet bytes
@@ -42,11 +42,17 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ConnectAndUpdateStatus) {
 
   // All bytes from UART should be consumed
   EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.uart.rx.empty());
-  // After successful connect we request status, first settings (0x02)
+  // Defer the first settings request (0x02) until the next update.
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.state_, TestableMitsubishiCN105::State::DEFERRED_STATUS_REQUEST);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.uart.tx.empty());
+
+  ctx.sut.set_current_time(201);
+  ASSERT_FALSE(ctx.sut.update());
+
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.state_, TestableMitsubishiCN105::State::UPDATING_STATUS);
   EXPECT_THAT(ctx.uart.tx, ::testing::ElementsAre(0xFC, 0x42, 0x01, 0x30, 0x10, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
                                                   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7B));
-  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.operation_start_ms_, 200);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.operation_start_ms_, 201);
 
   // Clear TX bytes.
   ctx.uart.tx.clear();
@@ -75,20 +81,29 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ConnectAndUpdateStatus) {
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.status().vane_mode, MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_4);
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.status().wide_vane_mode, MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::SWING);
 
-  // Now fetch room temperature (0x03)
+  // Defer the telemetry request (0x03) until the next update.
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.state_, TestableMitsubishiCN105::State::DEFERRED_STATUS_REQUEST);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.uart.tx.empty());
+
+  ctx.sut.set_current_time(301);
+  ASSERT_FALSE(ctx.sut.update());
+
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.state_, TestableMitsubishiCN105::State::UPDATING_STATUS);
   EXPECT_THAT(ctx.uart.tx, ::testing::ElementsAre(0xFC, 0x42, 0x01, 0x30, 0x10, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
                                                   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7A));
-  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.operation_start_ms_, 300);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.operation_start_ms_, 301);
 
   // Clear TX bytes.
   ctx.uart.tx.clear();
 
-  // Room temperature response
+  // Queue a setting while waiting for telemetry.
+  ctx.sut.set_power(true);
+
+  // Telemetry response
   ctx.uart.push_rx({0xFC, 0x62, 0x01, 0x30, 0x10, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x00,
                     0xAA, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xA5});
 
-  // Room temperature should still have initial value
+  // Room temperature from telemetry should still have initial value
   EXPECT_THAT(ctx.sut.status().room_temperature, ::testing::IsNan());
 
   ctx.sut.set_current_time(400);
@@ -97,16 +112,23 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ConnectAndUpdateStatus) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.uart.rx.empty());
   EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.sut.is_status_initialized());
 
-  // Check room temperature we just read from received package
+  // Check room temperature we just read from telemetry package
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.status().room_temperature, 21.0f);
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.uart.tx.empty());
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.state_, TestableMitsubishiCN105::State::WAITING_FOR_SCHEDULED_STATUS_UPDATE);
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.operation_start_ms_, 400);
+
+  // Apply the pending setting on the next update, outside RX processing.
+  ctx.sut.set_current_time(401);
+  ASSERT_FALSE(ctx.sut.update());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.state_, TestableMitsubishiCN105::State::APPLYING_SETTINGS);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.uart.tx.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.operation_start_ms_, 401);
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, NoResponseTriggersReconnect) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
   ctx.sut.initialize();
   ctx.uart.tx.clear();  // Remove first connect packet bytes
@@ -133,7 +155,7 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, NoResponseTriggersReconnect) {
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, RxWatchdogLimitsProcessingPerUpdate) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
   ctx.sut.initialize();
   ctx.uart.tx.clear();  // Remove first connect packet bytes
@@ -164,7 +186,7 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, RxWatchdogLimitsProcessingPerUpdate) {
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ParserHandlesMixedRxStream) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
   ctx.sut.initialize();
   ctx.uart.tx.clear();  // Remove first connect packet bytes
@@ -228,7 +250,7 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ParserHandlesMixedRxStream) {
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, NextStatusUpdateAfterUpdateIntervalMilliseconds) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
   ctx.sut.set_update_interval(2000);
   ctx.sut.set_current_time(80000);
@@ -258,7 +280,7 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, NextStatusUpdateAfterUpdateIntervalMilliseconds) {
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, DecodeStatusSettingsPackageTempEncodedA) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
   ctx.uart.push_rx(
       {0xFC, 0x62, 0x01, 0x30, 0x0C, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x03, 0x05, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x55});
@@ -266,14 +288,14 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, DecodeStatusSettingsPackageTempEncodedA) {
   ctx.sut.update();
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.sut.status().power_on);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.use_temperature_encoding_b_);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.property_context_.use_temperature_encoding_b);
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.status().target_temperature, 26.0f);
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.status().mode, MitsubishiCN105::Mode::COOL);
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.status().fan_mode, MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::QUIET);
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, DecodeStatusSettingsPackageTempEncodedB) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
   ctx.uart.push_rx(
       {0xFC, 0x62, 0x01, 0x30, 0x0C, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xA5, 0xAD});
@@ -281,14 +303,14 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, DecodeStatusSettingsPackageTempEncodedB) {
   ctx.sut.update();
 
   EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.status().power_on);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.sut.use_temperature_encoding_b_);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.sut.property_context_.use_temperature_encoding_b);
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.status().target_temperature, 18.5f);
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.status().mode, MitsubishiCN105::Mode::FAN_ONLY);
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.status().fan_mode, MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::SPEED_4);
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, DecodeStatusRoomTempPackageTempEncodedA) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
   ctx.uart.push_rx({0xFC, 0x62, 0x01, 0x30, 0x07, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x5D});
 
@@ -298,7 +320,7 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, DecodeStatusRoomTempPackageTempEncodedA) {
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, DecodeStatusRoomTempPackageTempEncodedB) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
   ctx.uart.push_rx({0xFC, 0x62, 0x01, 0x30, 0x07, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xBC, 0xA7});
 
@@ -308,7 +330,7 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, DecodeStatusRoomTempPackageTempEncodedB) {
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, DecodeWideVanePackageHighBitNotSet) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
   ctx.uart.push_rx({0xFC, 0x62, 0x01, 0x30, 0x10, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
                     0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x58});
@@ -316,11 +338,11 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, DecodeWideVanePackageHighBitNotSet) {
   ctx.sut.update();
 
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.status().wide_vane_mode, MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::CENTER);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.set_wide_vane_high_bit_);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.property_context_.set_wide_vane_high_bit);
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, DecodeWideVanePackageHighBitSet) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
   ctx.uart.push_rx({0xFC, 0x62, 0x01, 0x30, 0x10, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
                     0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x83, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xD8});
@@ -328,11 +350,11 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, DecodeWideVanePackageHighBitSet) {
   ctx.sut.update();
 
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.status().wide_vane_mode, MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::CENTER);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.sut.set_wide_vane_high_bit_);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.sut.property_context_.set_wide_vane_high_bit);
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ApplySettingsPowerOn) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
   ctx.sut.set_power(true);
   ctx.sut.apply_settings();
@@ -342,7 +364,7 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ApplySettingsPowerOn) {
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ApplySettingsTemperatureEncodedA) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
   ctx.sut.set_target_temperature(23.0f);
   ctx.sut.apply_settings();
@@ -352,9 +374,9 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ApplySettingsTemperatureEncodedA) {
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ApplySettingsTemperatureEncodedB) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
-  ctx.sut.use_temperature_encoding_b_ = true;
+  ctx.sut.property_context_.use_temperature_encoding_b = true;
   ctx.sut.set_target_temperature(26.0f);
   ctx.sut.apply_settings();
 
@@ -363,9 +385,9 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ApplySettingsTemperatureEncodedB) {
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ApplySettingsHalfDegreeTemperatureEncodedB) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
-  ctx.sut.use_temperature_encoding_b_ = true;
+  ctx.sut.property_context_.use_temperature_encoding_b = true;
   ctx.sut.set_target_temperature(26.5f);
   ctx.sut.apply_settings();
 
@@ -374,7 +396,7 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ApplySettingsHalfDegreeTemperatureEncodedB) {
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ApplyModeCool) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
   ctx.sut.set_mode(MitsubishiCN105::Mode::COOL);
   ctx.sut.apply_settings();
@@ -384,7 +406,7 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ApplyModeCool) {
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ApplyFanModeSpeed1) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
   ctx.sut.set_fan_mode(MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::SPEED_1);
   ctx.sut.apply_settings();
@@ -394,7 +416,7 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ApplyFanModeSpeed1) {
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ApplyVaneModeSwing) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
   ctx.sut.set_vane_mode(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING);
   ctx.sut.apply_settings();
@@ -404,7 +426,7 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ApplyVaneModeSwing) {
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ApplyWideVaneModeLeftAndHighBitNotSet) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
   ctx.sut.set_wide_vane_mode(MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::LEFT);
   ctx.sut.apply_settings();
@@ -414,9 +436,9 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ApplyWideVaneModeLeftAndHighBitNotSet) {
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ApplyWideVaneModeLeftAndHighBitSet) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
-  ctx.sut.set_wide_vane_high_bit_ = true;
+  ctx.sut.property_context_.set_wide_vane_high_bit = true;
   ctx.sut.set_wide_vane_mode(MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::LEFT);
   ctx.sut.apply_settings();
 
@@ -425,7 +447,7 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ApplyWideVaneModeLeftAndHighBitSet) {
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, WriteInterruptsWaitingForNextStatusUpdate) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
   ctx.sut.set_update_interval(2000);
   ctx.sut.set_current_time(5000);
@@ -445,7 +467,7 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, WriteInterruptsWaitingForNextStatusUpdate) {
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.status_update_wait_credit_ms_, 0);
 
   // Write new values
-  ctx.sut.use_temperature_encoding_b_ = true;
+  ctx.sut.property_context_.use_temperature_encoding_b = true;
   ctx.sut.set_power(false);
   ctx.sut.set_target_temperature(25.0f);
   ctx.sut.set_mode(MitsubishiCN105::Mode::HEAT);
@@ -469,8 +491,38 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, WriteInterruptsWaitingForNextStatusUpdate) {
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.status_update_wait_credit_ms_, 0);
 }
 
+TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, PendingSettingsTakePriorityOverDueTelemetry) {
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
+
+  ctx.sut.status_.target_temperature = 24.0f;
+  ctx.sut.status_.room_temperature = 21.0f;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ctx.sut.is_status_initialized());
+
+  ctx.sut.state_ = TestableMitsubishiCN105::State::STATUS_UPDATED;
+  ctx.sut.set_state(TestableMitsubishiCN105::State::SCHEDULE_NEXT_STATUS_UPDATE);
+  ctx.sut.set_current_time(1000);
+  ASSERT_FALSE(ctx.sut.update());
+  ASSERT_EQ(ctx.sut.state_, TestableMitsubishiCN105::State::UPDATING_STATUS);
+  ctx.uart.tx.clear();
+
+  ctx.sut.set_power(true);
+  ctx.uart.push_rx({0xFC, 0x62, 0x01, 0x30, 0x10, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x07,
+                    0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3C});
+
+  ctx.sut.set_current_time(1001);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ctx.sut.update());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.uart.tx.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.state_, TestableMitsubishiCN105::State::WAITING_FOR_SCHEDULED_STATUS_UPDATE);
+
+  ctx.sut.set_current_time(1002);
+  ASSERT_FALSE(ctx.sut.update());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.state_, TestableMitsubishiCN105::State::APPLYING_SETTINGS);
+  EXPECT_THAT(ctx.uart.tx, ::testing::ElementsAre(0xFC, 0x41, 0x01, 0x30, 0x10, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00,
+                                                  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7B));
+}
+
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, SetAndClearRemoteRoomTemp) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
   // Set remote temperature
   ctx.sut.set_remote_temperature(28.5f);
@@ -505,10 +557,10 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, SetAndClearRemoteRoomTemp) {
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ApplyQueuedSettingsThenRemoteRoomTempInSecondWrite) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
   // Queue normal settings plus remote temperature together.
-  ctx.sut.use_temperature_encoding_b_ = true;
+  ctx.sut.property_context_.use_temperature_encoding_b = true;
   ctx.sut.set_power(false);
   ctx.sut.set_target_temperature(25.0f);
   ctx.sut.set_mode(MitsubishiCN105::Mode::HEAT);
@@ -521,11 +573,11 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ApplyQueuedSettingsThenRemoteRoomTempInSecondWrite) {
 
   EXPECT_THAT(ctx.uart.tx, ::testing::ElementsAre(0xFC, 0x41, 0x01, 0x30, 0x10, 0x01, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00,
                                                   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xB2, 0x00, 0xBB));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.sut.pending_updates_.contains(TestableMitsubishiCN105::UpdateFlag::REMOTE_TEMPERATURE));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.pending_updates_.contains(TestableMitsubishiCN105::UpdateFlag::POWER));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.pending_updates_.contains(TestableMitsubishiCN105::UpdateFlag::TEMPERATURE));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.pending_updates_.contains(TestableMitsubishiCN105::UpdateFlag::MODE));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.pending_updates_.contains(TestableMitsubishiCN105::UpdateFlag::FAN));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.sut.pending_updates_.contains(TestableMitsubishiCN105::PropertyId::REMOTE_TEMPERATURE));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.pending_updates_.contains(TestableMitsubishiCN105::PropertyId::POWER));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.pending_updates_.contains(TestableMitsubishiCN105::PropertyId::TEMPERATURE));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.pending_updates_.contains(TestableMitsubishiCN105::PropertyId::MODE));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.pending_updates_.contains(TestableMitsubishiCN105::PropertyId::FAN));
 
   // ACK the first write. Remote temperature should still be pending afterward.
   ctx.uart.tx.clear();
@@ -533,7 +585,7 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ApplyQueuedSettingsThenRemoteRoomTempInSecondWrite) {
                     0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x5E});
   ASSERT_FALSE(ctx.sut.update());
 
-  EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.sut.pending_updates_.contains(TestableMitsubishiCN105::UpdateFlag::REMOTE_TEMPERATURE));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.sut.pending_updates_.contains(TestableMitsubishiCN105::PropertyId::REMOTE_TEMPERATURE));
 
   // The next apply sends the remote-temperature packet and clears the last pending flag.
   ctx.uart.tx.clear();
@@ -545,7 +597,7 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ApplyQueuedSettingsThenRemoteRoomTempInSecondWrite) {
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, WriteTimeoutClearsStatusUpdateWaitCreditOnReconnect) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
   ctx.sut.set_update_interval(2000);
   ctx.sut.set_current_time(5000);
 
@@ -557,7 +609,7 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, WriteTimeoutClearsStatusUpdateWaitCreditOnReconnect)
   ASSERT_EQ(ctx.sut.status_update_wait_credit_ms_, 0);
 
   // Interrupt that wait with a write so credit is accumulated.
-  ctx.sut.use_temperature_encoding_b_ = true;
+  ctx.sut.property_context_.use_temperature_encoding_b = true;
   ctx.sut.set_power(false);
   ctx.sut.set_target_temperature(25.0f);
   ctx.sut.set_mode(MitsubishiCN105::Mode::HEAT);
@@ -578,28 +630,28 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, WriteTimeoutClearsStatusUpdateWaitCreditOnReconnect)
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, SetOutOfRangeRemoteRoomTempIsIgnored) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
   ctx.sut.set_remote_temperature(7.0f);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.pending_updates_.contains(TestableMitsubishiCN105::UpdateFlag::REMOTE_TEMPERATURE));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.pending_updates_.contains(TestableMitsubishiCN105::PropertyId::REMOTE_TEMPERATURE));
 
   ctx.sut.set_remote_temperature(40.0f);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.pending_updates_.contains(TestableMitsubishiCN105::UpdateFlag::REMOTE_TEMPERATURE));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.pending_updates_.contains(TestableMitsubishiCN105::PropertyId::REMOTE_TEMPERATURE));
 
   ctx.sut.set_remote_temperature(NAN);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.pending_updates_.contains(TestableMitsubishiCN105::UpdateFlag::REMOTE_TEMPERATURE));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.pending_updates_.contains(TestableMitsubishiCN105::PropertyId::REMOTE_TEMPERATURE));
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, SetMinRemoteRoomTemp) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
   ctx.sut.set_remote_temperature(8.0f);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.sut.pending_updates_.contains(TestableMitsubishiCN105::UpdateFlag::REMOTE_TEMPERATURE));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.sut.pending_updates_.contains(TestableMitsubishiCN105::PropertyId::REMOTE_TEMPERATURE));
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, SetMaxRemoteRoomTemp) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
   ctx.sut.set_remote_temperature(39.5f);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.sut.pending_updates_.contains(TestableMitsubishiCN105::UpdateFlag::REMOTE_TEMPERATURE));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.sut.pending_updates_.contains(TestableMitsubishiCN105::PropertyId::REMOTE_TEMPERATURE));
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/common.h b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/common.h
index 45f7b65289..6029327e9a 100644
--- a/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/common.h
+++ b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/common.h
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
 #include <vector>
 #include "esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105.h"
+#include "esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/automation.h"
+#include "esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_climate.h"
 
 namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105::testing {
@@ -46,12 +48,11 @@ class TestableMitsubishiCN105 : public MitsubishiCN105 {
  public:
   using MitsubishiCN105::MitsubishiCN105;
   using MitsubishiCN105::State;
-  using MitsubishiCN105::UpdateFlag;
+  using MitsubishiCN105::PropertyId;
   using MitsubishiCN105::state_;
   using MitsubishiCN105::status_;
   using MitsubishiCN105::operation_start_ms_;
-  using MitsubishiCN105::use_temperature_encoding_b_;
-  using MitsubishiCN105::set_wide_vane_high_bit_;
+  using MitsubishiCN105::property_context_;
   using MitsubishiCN105::status_update_wait_credit_ms_;
   using MitsubishiCN105::pending_updates_;
 
@@ -63,13 +64,4 @@ class TestableMitsubishiCN105 : public MitsubishiCN105 {
   void set_current_time(uint32_t ms) { test_loop_time_ms = ms; }
 };
 
-class TestableMitsubishiCN105Climate : public MitsubishiCN105Climate {
- public:
-  using MitsubishiCN105Climate::apply_values_;
-  using MitsubishiCN105Climate::last_non_swing_vane_mode_;
-  using MitsubishiCN105Climate::last_non_swing_wide_vane_mode_;
-
-  MitsubishiCN105::Status &status() { return static_cast<TestableMitsubishiCN105 &>(this->hp_).status_; }
-};
-
 }  // namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/common.yaml b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/common.yaml
index 5b9c3aaaf6..3f7e8c8f95 100644
--- a/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/common.yaml
@@ -1,17 +1,40 @@
+mitsubishi_cn105:
+  id: ac
+  uart_id: uart_bus
+  update_interval: 30s
+  telemetry_request_min_interval: 120s
+  use_fahrenheit: true
+  vane:
+    on_state:
+      - logger.log:
+          format: "TRIGGER: vane on_state is auto: %s"
+          args: ['x.vertical.direction == VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_AUTO ? "yes" : "no"']
+
 climate:
   - platform: mitsubishi_cn105
-    id: ac
+    mitsubishi_cn105_id: ac
     name: "AC Test"
-    uart_id: uart_bus
-    update_interval: 30s
-    current_temperature_min_interval: 120s
     supported_swing_modes: BOTH
 
+select:
+  - platform: mitsubishi_cn105
+    mitsubishi_cn105_id: ac
+    vertical_vane_direction:
+      name: "Vertical Vane"
+
 esphome:
   on_boot:
     then:
-      - climate.mitsubishi_cn105.set_remote_temperature:
+      - mitsubishi_cn105.set_remote_temperature:
           id: ac
           temperature: 22.0
-      - climate.mitsubishi_cn105.clear_remote_temperature:
+      - mitsubishi_cn105.clear_remote_temperature:
           id: ac
+      - mitsubishi_cn105.vane.control:
+          id: ac
+          vertical:
+            direction: SWING
+      - mitsubishi_cn105.vane.control:
+          id: ac
+          vertical:
+            direction: !lambda return esphome::mitsubishi_cn105::VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_SWING;
diff --git a/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_component_tests.cpp b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_component_tests.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..928d4123f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_component_tests.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+#include "common.h"
+
+namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105::testing {
+
+TEST(MitsubishiCN105ComponentTests, PublishesVaneStateForEveryValidSnapshot) {
+  MitsubishiCN105Component hub;
+  size_t callback_count = 0;
+  std::optional<VerticalVaneMode> callback_direction;
+  hub.add_on_vane_state_callback([&](const VaneState &state) {
+    callback_count++;
+    callback_direction = state.vertical.direction;
+  });
+
+  hub.set_telemetry_request_min_interval(SCHEDULER_DONT_RUN);
+  hub.set_target_temperature(20.0f);
+  hub.set_vane_mode(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_4);
+  hub.publish_status();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(callback_count, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(callback_direction, std::optional{VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_POSITION_4});
+
+  hub.publish_status();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(callback_count, 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(callback_direction, std::optional{VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_POSITION_4});
+}
+
+TEST(MitsubishiCN105ComponentTests, PublishesUnknownVaneState) {
+  MitsubishiCN105Component hub;
+  size_t status_callback_count = 0;
+  size_t vane_callback_count = 0;
+  std::optional<VerticalVaneMode> callback_direction;
+  hub.add_on_status_callback([&]() { status_callback_count++; });
+  hub.add_on_vane_state_callback([&](const VaneState &state) {
+    vane_callback_count++;
+    callback_direction = state.vertical.direction;
+  });
+
+  hub.set_telemetry_request_min_interval(SCHEDULER_DONT_RUN);
+  hub.set_target_temperature(20.0f);
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.status().vane_mode, MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::UNKNOWN);
+  hub.publish_status();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(status_callback_count, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(vane_callback_count, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(callback_direction, std::optional{VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_UNKNOWN});
+
+  hub.set_vane_mode(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_4);
+  hub.publish_status();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(status_callback_count, 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(vane_callback_count, 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(callback_direction, std::optional{VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_POSITION_4});
+}
+
+TEST(MitsubishiCN105ComponentTests, VaneCallAppliesVerticalDirection) {
+  MitsubishiCN105Component hub;
+
+  auto call = hub.make_vane_call();
+  call.vertical.set_direction(VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_POSITION_5);
+  call.perform();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.status().vane_mode, MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_5);
+}
+
+TEST(MitsubishiCN105ComponentTests, VaneControlActionAppliesConfiguredFields) {
+  MitsubishiCN105Component hub;
+  VaneControlAction<> action(&hub, [](VaneCall &call) { call.vertical.set_direction(VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_SWING); });
+
+  action.play();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.status().vane_mode, MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING);
+}
+}  // namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/select/mitsubishi_cn105_vane_select_vertical_tests.cpp b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/select/mitsubishi_cn105_vane_select_vertical_tests.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..55ae1d6c92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/select/mitsubishi_cn105_vane_select_vertical_tests.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+#include "../common.h"
+#include "esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/select/mitsubishi_cn105_vane_select_vertical.h"
+
+namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105::testing {
+
+struct VerticalVaneDirectionSelectTestContext {
+  MitsubishiCN105Component hub;
+  MitsubishiCN105VerticalVaneDirectionSelect select;
+
+  VerticalVaneDirectionSelectTestContext() {
+    this->select.traits.set_options({"Auto", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "Swing"});
+    this->select.set_parent(&this->hub);
+    this->select.setup();
+  }
+};
+
+TEST(MitsubishiCN105VerticalVaneDirectionSelectTests, MapsIndexesToVaneModes) {
+  VerticalVaneDirectionSelectTestContext ctx;
+
+  constexpr std::array expected_modes{
+      MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::AUTO,       MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_1,
+      MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_2, MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_3,
+      MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_4, MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_5,
+      MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING,
+  };
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < expected_modes.size(); ++i) {
+    SCOPED_TRACE(i);
+    ctx.select.make_call().set_index(i).perform();
+    EXPECT_EQ(ctx.hub.status().vane_mode, expected_modes[i]);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(MitsubishiCN105VerticalVaneDirectionSelectTests, PublishesIncomingVaneModes) {
+  VerticalVaneDirectionSelectTestContext ctx;
+  ctx.hub.set_telemetry_request_min_interval(SCHEDULER_DONT_RUN);
+  ctx.hub.set_target_temperature(20.0f);
+
+  constexpr std::array modes{
+      MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::AUTO,       MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_1,
+      MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_2, MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_3,
+      MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_4, MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_5,
+      MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING,
+  };
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < modes.size(); ++i) {
+    SCOPED_TRACE(i);
+    ctx.hub.set_vane_mode(modes[i]);
+    ctx.hub.publish_status();
+    EXPECT_EQ(ctx.select.active_index(), std::optional{i});
+  }
+
+  ctx.select.publish_vane_state(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::UNKNOWN);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.select.active_index(), std::optional{modes.size() - 1});
+}
+
+TEST(MitsubishiCN105VerticalVaneDirectionSelectTests, ControlPublishesSelectAndClimateThroughHub) {
+  VerticalVaneDirectionSelectTestContext ctx;
+  MitsubishiCN105Climate climate_entity;
+  climate_entity.set_parent(&ctx.hub);
+  climate_entity.set_supported_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL);
+
+  ctx.hub.set_telemetry_request_min_interval(SCHEDULER_DONT_RUN);
+  ctx.hub.set_target_temperature(20.0f);
+  climate_entity.setup();
+
+  ctx.select.make_call().set_index(6).perform();
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.select.active_index(), std::optional<size_t>{6});
+  EXPECT_EQ(climate_entity.swing_mode, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL);
+
+  ctx.select.make_call().set_index(3).perform();
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.select.active_index(), std::optional<size_t>{3});
+  EXPECT_EQ(climate_entity.swing_mode, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF);
+}
+
+TEST(MitsubishiCN105VerticalVaneDirectionSelectTests, ClimateControlPublishesSelectThroughHub) {
+  VerticalVaneDirectionSelectTestContext ctx;
+  MitsubishiCN105Climate climate_entity;
+  climate_entity.set_parent(&ctx.hub);
+  climate_entity.set_supported_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL);
+
+  ctx.hub.set_telemetry_request_min_interval(SCHEDULER_DONT_RUN);
+  ctx.hub.set_target_temperature(20.0f);
+  climate_entity.setup();
+
+  climate_entity.make_call().set_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL).perform();
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.select.active_index(), std::optional<size_t>{6});
+
+  climate_entity.make_call().set_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF).perform();
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.select.active_index(), std::optional<size_t>{0});
+}
+
+TEST(MitsubishiCN105VerticalVaneDirectionSelectTests, BeforeInitializationDoesNotPublishSelectState) {
+  VerticalVaneDirectionSelectTestContext ctx;
+
+  ctx.select.make_call().set_index(3).perform();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.hub.status().vane_mode, MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_3);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.select.has_state());
+}
+}  // namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/test-legacy-climate-actions.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/test-legacy-climate-actions.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..247568cfc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/test-legacy-climate-actions.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+packages:
+  uart_9600_even: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_9600_even/esp32-idf.yaml
+
+climate:
+  - platform: mitsubishi_cn105
+    id: ac
+    name: "AC Test"
+
+esphome:
+  on_boot:
+    then:
+      - climate.mitsubishi_cn105.set_remote_temperature:
+          id: ac
+          temperature: 22.0
+      - climate.mitsubishi_cn105.clear_remote_temperature:
+          id: ac
diff --git a/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/validate-legacy-climate-current-temperature-min-interval.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/validate-legacy-climate-current-temperature-min-interval.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a2abaf8b9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/validate-legacy-climate-current-temperature-min-interval.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+packages:
+  uart_9600_even: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_9600_even/esp32-idf.yaml
+
+climate:
+  - platform: mitsubishi_cn105
+    name: "AC Test"
+    current_temperature_min_interval: 30s
diff --git a/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/validate-legacy-climate-minimal.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/validate-legacy-climate-minimal.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0ef70b6535
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/validate-legacy-climate-minimal.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+packages:
+  uart_9600_even: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_9600_even/esp32-idf.yaml
+
+climate:
+  - platform: mitsubishi_cn105
+    name: "AC Test"
diff --git a/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/validate-legacy-climate-uart-id.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/validate-legacy-climate-uart-id.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..065d2b5495
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/validate-legacy-climate-uart-id.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+packages:
+  uart_9600_even: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_9600_even/esp32-idf.yaml
+
+climate:
+  - platform: mitsubishi_cn105
+    name: "AC Test"
+    uart_id: uart_bus
diff --git a/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/validate-legacy-climate-update-interval.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/validate-legacy-climate-update-interval.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2e8f714f52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/validate-legacy-climate-update-interval.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+packages:
+  uart_9600_even: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_9600_even/esp32-idf.yaml
+
+climate:
+  - platform: mitsubishi_cn105
+    name: "AC Test"
+    update_interval: 30s
diff --git a/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/validate-top-level-minimal.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/validate-top-level-minimal.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..03f05da5f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/validate-top-level-minimal.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+packages:
+  uart_9600_even: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_9600_even/esp32-idf.yaml
+
+mitsubishi_cn105:
+
+climate:
+  - platform: mitsubishi_cn105
+    name: "AC Test"
diff --git a/tests/components/mk2pvrouter/common.yaml b/tests/components/mk2pvrouter/common.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4421c09854
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/mk2pvrouter/common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+mk2pvrouter:
+  id: test_mk2pvrouter
+  uart_id: uart_bus
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: mk2pvrouter
+    name: Power
+    tag: P
+    mk2pvrouter_id: test_mk2pvrouter
+    unit_of_measurement: W
+    device_class: power
+    state_class: measurement
+    accuracy_decimals: 0
+
+  - platform: mk2pvrouter
+    name: Voltage
+    tag: V
+    mk2pvrouter_id: test_mk2pvrouter
+    unit_of_measurement: V
+    device_class: voltage
+    state_class: measurement
+    accuracy_decimals: 2
+    filters:
+      # Device sends voltage * 100
+      - multiply: 0.01
+
+  - platform: mk2pvrouter
+    name: Energy
+    tag: E
+    mk2pvrouter_id: test_mk2pvrouter
+    unit_of_measurement: Wh
+    device_class: energy
+    state_class: total_increasing
+    accuracy_decimals: 0
+
+  - platform: mk2pvrouter
+    name: Temperature
+    tag: T1
+    mk2pvrouter_id: test_mk2pvrouter
+    unit_of_measurement: "°C"
+    device_class: temperature
+    state_class: measurement
+    accuracy_decimals: 2
+    filters:
+      # Device sends temperature * 100
+      - multiply: 0.01
diff --git a/tests/components/mk2pvrouter/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/mk2pvrouter/test.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..66539a4dd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/mk2pvrouter/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  uart_9600_even_7bits: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_9600_even_7bits/esp32-idf.yaml
+  mk2pvrouter: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/mk2pvrouter/test.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/mk2pvrouter/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..50a45a6ca5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/mk2pvrouter/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  uart_9600_even_7bits: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_9600_even_7bits/esp8266-ard.yaml
+  mk2pvrouter: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/mk2pvrouter/test.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/mk2pvrouter/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f8a5a620b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/mk2pvrouter/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  uart_9600_even_7bits: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_9600_even_7bits/rp2040-ard.yaml
+  mk2pvrouter: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/modbus/common.h b/tests/components/modbus/common.h
index 659b72014c..83d30b3f6d 100644
--- a/tests/components/modbus/common.h
+++ b/tests/components/modbus/common.h
@@ -1,13 +1,24 @@
 #pragma once
 #include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <span>
+#include <vector>
 #include "esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
 namespace esphome::modbus::testing {
 
 // A UART that discards all writes, for tests that never inspect the wire.
 class NullUART : public uart::UARTComponent {
  public:
-  NullUART() { this->set_baud_rate(115200); }
+  // 8N1, matching what the uart schema emits for a real hub; the framing drives the modbus
+  // interframe timing, so leaving data/stop bits at their zero defaults would not be representative.
+  NullUART() {
+    this->set_baud_rate(115200);
+    this->set_data_bits(8);
+    this->set_stop_bits(1);
+    this->set_parity(uart::UART_CONFIG_PARITY_NONE);
+  }
   void write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) override {}
   bool peek_byte(uint8_t *data) override { return false; }
   bool read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override { return false; }
@@ -19,4 +30,47 @@ class NullUART : public uart::UARTComponent {
   void check_logger_conflict() override {}
 };
 
+// A UART that records every byte written so tests can assert on the exact wire response.
+class RecordingUART : public NullUART {
+ public:
+  void write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) override {
+    this->written.insert(this->written.end(), data, data + len);
+  }
+
+  std::vector<uint8_t> written;
+};
+
+// A UART the test can inject received bytes into, so frames travel the full receive path
+// (receive_modbus_frames -> parse -> dispatch) through hub.loop(). Writes are recorded.
+class InjectableUART : public RecordingUART {
+ public:
+  bool peek_byte(uint8_t *data) override {
+    if (this->rx_.empty())
+      return false;
+    *data = this->rx_.front();
+    return true;
+  }
+  bool read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override {
+    if (len > this->rx_.size())
+      return false;
+    memcpy(data, this->rx_.data(), len);
+    this->rx_.erase(this->rx_.begin(), this->rx_.begin() + len);
+    return true;
+  }
+  size_t available() override { return this->rx_.size(); }
+
+  // Queues a complete wire frame: address + PDU + CRC16 (low byte first).
+  void inject_frame(uint8_t address, std::span<const uint8_t> pdu) {
+    size_t start = this->rx_.size();
+    this->rx_.push_back(address);
+    this->rx_.insert(this->rx_.end(), pdu.begin(), pdu.end());
+    uint16_t crc = crc16(this->rx_.data() + start, this->rx_.size() - start);
+    this->rx_.push_back(crc & 0xFF);
+    this->rx_.push_back(crc >> 8);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::vector<uint8_t> rx_;
+};
+
 }  // namespace esphome::modbus::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/modbus/heap_probe_test.cpp b/tests/components/modbus/heap_probe_test.cpp
index ddf905a8df..869b280b0d 100644
--- a/tests/components/modbus/heap_probe_test.cpp
+++ b/tests/components/modbus/heap_probe_test.cpp
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ TEST(HeapProbe, QueueingTypicalCommandsIsAllocationFree) {
   size_t total = 0;
   for (int i = 0; i != n; i++) {
     req[2] = static_cast<uint8_t>(i);  // distinct start addresses: identical frames would dedup, not enqueue
-    total += sample([&] { device.send_pdu(req); }).count;
+    total += sample([&] { device.queue_pdu(req); }).count;
   }
   printf("HEAPPROBE queue_%d_typical_commands total_allocs=%zu\n", n, total);
   EXPECT_EQ(total, 0u);
@@ -151,11 +151,11 @@ TEST(HeapProbe, WriteBehindQueuedReadsAppendsAllocationFree) {
   req.assign(read_pdu, read_pdu + sizeof(read_pdu));
   for (int i = 0; i != 3; i++) {
     req[2] = static_cast<uint8_t>(i);  // distinct start addresses: identical frames would dedup, not enqueue
-    device.send_pdu(req);
+    device.queue_pdu(req);
   }
 
   const uint8_t write_pdu[] = {0x06, 0x00, 0x10, 0xBE, 0xEF};
-  Sample append = sample([&] { device.send_pdu(write_pdu); });
+  Sample append = sample([&] { device.queue_pdu(write_pdu); });
   printf("HEAPPROBE write_append count=%zu bytes=%zu\n", append.count, append.bytes);
   EXPECT_EQ(append.count, 0u);
 }
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ TEST(HeapProbe, ResponseHandlingIsAllocationFreeAfterWarmup) {
   const uint8_t small_resp[] = {0x03, 0x04, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x01, 0x00};
 
   auto round_trip = [&](std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) {
-    device.send_pdu(req);
+    device.queue_pdu(req);
     hub.loop();  // transmit; the tx queue is empty during the measured receive below
     uart.inject_frame(0x02, response_pdu);
     return sample([&] { hub.loop(); });  // receive + parse + match + dispatch
diff --git a/tests/components/modbus/modbus_broadcast_test.cpp b/tests/components/modbus/modbus_broadcast_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6f088f4888
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/modbus/modbus_broadcast_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,369 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <optional>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "common.h"
+#include "esphome/components/modbus/modbus.h"
+
+namespace esphome::modbus {
+
+namespace {
+
+// A server device that records the writes the hub routes to it.
+class RecordingDevice : public ModbusServerDevice {
+ public:
+  explicit RecordingDevice(uint8_t address) { this->set_address(address); }
+
+  ResponseStatus on_write_registers(uint16_t start_address, const RegisterValues &registers) override {
+    this->write_count++;
+    this->last_start_address = start_address;
+    this->last_values.assign(registers.begin(), registers.end());
+    return std::nullopt;  // return value is ignored for broadcasts, which are never answered
+  }
+
+  int write_count{0};
+  uint16_t last_start_address{0};
+  std::vector<uint16_t> last_values;
+};
+
+// A server device that records the coil writes the hub routes to it. Coils arrive as a PackedBits view
+// over the hub's buffers, so the bits are copied out here rather than the view retained.
+class RecordingCoilDevice : public ModbusServerDevice {
+ public:
+  explicit RecordingCoilDevice(uint8_t address) { this->set_address(address); }
+
+  ResponseStatus on_write_coils(uint16_t start_address, PackedBits bits) override {
+    this->write_count++;
+    this->last_start_address = start_address;
+    this->last_bits.clear();
+    for (uint16_t i = 0; i != bits.size(); i++) {
+      this->last_bits.push_back(bits[i]);
+    }
+    return std::nullopt;  // return value is ignored for broadcasts, which are never answered
+  }
+
+  int write_count{0};
+  uint16_t last_start_address{0};
+  std::vector<bool> last_bits;
+};
+
+// A server device that rejects every write, to exercise the broadcast dispatch loop's rejection branch.
+class RejectingDevice : public ModbusServerDevice {
+ public:
+  explicit RejectingDevice(uint8_t address) { this->set_address(address); }
+
+  ResponseStatus on_write_registers(uint16_t start_address, const RegisterValues &registers) override {
+    this->write_count++;
+    return ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS;
+  }
+
+  int write_count{0};
+};
+
+// Drives full frames through the server hub's receive path in tests.
+class TestServerHub : public ModbusServerHub {
+ public:
+  bool tx_blocked() override { return false; }
+
+  // Builds a complete client frame (address + FC + pdu + CRC) and runs the full receive-side parser
+  // (parse_modbus_frames), so the expecting-peer-response routing is exercised, not just the frame parser
+  // below it. Returns true once the buffer has fully drained.
+  bool run_receive_parser_for_test(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, const uint8_t *pdu_data,
+                                   size_t pdu_data_len) {
+    this->rx_buffer_.clear();
+    this->rx_buffer_.reserve(pdu_data_len + 4);
+    this->rx_buffer_.push_back(address);
+    this->rx_buffer_.push_back(function_code);
+    this->rx_buffer_.insert(this->rx_buffer_.end(), pdu_data, pdu_data + pdu_data_len);
+    uint16_t crc = crc16(this->rx_buffer_.data(), this->rx_buffer_.size());
+    this->rx_buffer_.push_back(crc & 0xFF);
+    this->rx_buffer_.push_back(crc >> 8);
+    this->parse_modbus_frames();
+    return this->rx_buffer_.empty();
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+using testing::RecordingUART;
+
+// A broadcast (address 0) single-register write reaches every registered device and is not answered.
+// Driven through the full receive parser (parse_modbus_frames) so the address-0 routing -- frame length,
+// CRC, and client-vs-broadcast dispatch -- is exercised, not just the handler below it.
+TEST(ModbusBroadcast, SingleRegisterWriteReachesAllDevicesWithoutReply) {
+  TestServerHub hub;
+  RecordingUART uart;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+
+  RecordingDevice device_a(0x02);
+  RecordingDevice device_b(0x03);
+  hub.register_device(&device_a);
+  hub.register_device(&device_b);
+
+  // FC 0x06 payload: start address 0x9D31, value 0x00A5 (big-endian, no address/CRC).
+  const uint8_t pdu_data[] = {0x9D, 0x31, 0x00, 0xA5};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.run_receive_parser_for_test(
+      BROADCAST_ADDRESS, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER), pdu_data, sizeof(pdu_data)));
+
+  for (RecordingDevice *device : {&device_a, &device_b}) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(device->write_count, 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(device->last_start_address, 0x9D31);
+    ASSERT_EQ(device->last_values.size(), 1u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(device->last_values[0], 0x00A5);
+  }
+  EXPECT_TRUE(uart.written.empty());  // broadcasts are never answered
+}
+
+// A single-register broadcast (FC 0x06) must still reach every device when the hub is mid-way through
+// waiting for a peer's response. Its frame length matches a response frame, so without the address-0 guard
+// in parse_modbus_frames() it would be swallowed by the response parser instead of being dispatched.
+TEST(ModbusBroadcast, SingleRegisterBroadcastDispatchedWhileExpectingPeerResponse) {
+  TestServerHub hub;
+  RecordingUART uart;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+
+  RecordingDevice device_a(0x02);
+  RecordingDevice device_b(0x03);
+  hub.register_device(&device_a);
+  hub.register_device(&device_b);
+
+  // A unicast write addressed to an unregistered peer (0x09) leaves the hub expecting that peer's response.
+  const uint8_t peer_pdu[] = {0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x2A};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.run_receive_parser_for_test(0x09, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER), peer_pdu,
+                                              sizeof(peer_pdu)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(device_a.write_count, 0);  // the peer request is not for our devices
+  ASSERT_EQ(device_b.write_count, 0);
+
+  // The broadcast that follows must still be delivered to every device, and still without a reply.
+  const uint8_t pdu_data[] = {0x9D, 0x31, 0x00, 0xA5};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.run_receive_parser_for_test(
+      BROADCAST_ADDRESS, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER), pdu_data, sizeof(pdu_data)));
+
+  for (RecordingDevice *device : {&device_a, &device_b}) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(device->write_count, 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(device->last_start_address, 0x9D31);
+    ASSERT_EQ(device->last_values.size(), 1u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(device->last_values[0], 0x00A5);
+  }
+  EXPECT_TRUE(uart.written.empty());  // broadcasts are never answered
+}
+
+// After dispatching a broadcast, the hub must not still expect a peer response: a following unicast FC 0x06
+// to one of our own devices must be handled, not misparsed as that peer's response and dropped.
+TEST(ModbusBroadcast, BroadcastClearsStalePeerExpectation) {
+  TestServerHub hub;
+  RecordingUART uart;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+
+  RecordingDevice device(0x02);
+  hub.register_device(&device);
+
+  // A unicast write to an unregistered peer (0x09) leaves the hub expecting that peer's response.
+  const uint8_t pdu_data[] = {0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x2A};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.run_receive_parser_for_test(0x09, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER), pdu_data,
+                                              sizeof(pdu_data)));
+
+  // The broadcast that follows clears that expectation as it is dispatched.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.run_receive_parser_for_test(
+      BROADCAST_ADDRESS, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER), pdu_data, sizeof(pdu_data)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(device.write_count, 1);
+
+  // The next unicast FC 0x06 to our own device is handled, not swallowed by the stale expectation.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.run_receive_parser_for_test(0x02, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER), pdu_data,
+                                              sizeof(pdu_data)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.write_count, 2);
+}
+
+// A broadcast multi-register write is decoded and delivered to every device, still without a reply.
+TEST(ModbusBroadcast, MultipleRegisterWriteReachesAllDevicesWithoutReply) {
+  TestServerHub hub;
+  RecordingUART uart;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+
+  RecordingDevice device_a(0x02);
+  RecordingDevice device_b(0x03);
+  hub.register_device(&device_a);
+  hub.register_device(&device_b);
+
+  // FC 0x10 payload: start 0x9D31, quantity 2, byte count 4, values 0x0102 and 0x0304.
+  const uint8_t pdu_data[] = {0x9D, 0x31, 0x00, 0x02, 0x04, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.run_receive_parser_for_test(
+      BROADCAST_ADDRESS, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS), pdu_data, sizeof(pdu_data)));
+
+  for (RecordingDevice *device : {&device_a, &device_b}) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(device->write_count, 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(device->last_start_address, 0x9D31);
+    ASSERT_EQ(device->last_values.size(), 2u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(device->last_values[0], 0x0102);
+    EXPECT_EQ(device->last_values[1], 0x0304);
+  }
+  EXPECT_TRUE(uart.written.empty());
+}
+
+// A read broadcast is meaningless (it would need a reply), so nothing is dispatched and nothing is sent.
+TEST(ModbusBroadcast, ReadFunctionCodeIsIgnoredAndProducesNoReply) {
+  TestServerHub hub;
+  RecordingUART uart;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+
+  RecordingDevice device(0x02);
+  hub.register_device(&device);
+
+  // FC 0x03 payload: start 0x0000, quantity 2. Reads cannot be broadcast.
+  const uint8_t pdu_data[] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.run_receive_parser_for_test(
+      BROADCAST_ADDRESS, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS), pdu_data, sizeof(pdu_data)));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.write_count, 0);   // no device was written
+  EXPECT_TRUE(uart.written.empty());  // and the broadcast address is never answered
+}
+
+// An invalid broadcast write is silently dropped: no writes dispatched and no exception reply sent.
+TEST(ModbusBroadcast, InvalidMultipleWriteBroadcastProducesNoWriteAndNoReply) {
+  TestServerHub hub;
+  RecordingUART uart;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+
+  RecordingDevice device_a(0x02);
+  RecordingDevice device_b(0x03);
+  hub.register_device(&device_a);
+  hub.register_device(&device_b);
+
+  // FC 0x10 payload: quantity 2 but byte count 2 (should be 4), so parsing fails.
+  const uint8_t pdu_data[] = {0x9D, 0x31, 0x00, 0x02, 0x02, 0x01, 0x02};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.run_receive_parser_for_test(
+      BROADCAST_ADDRESS, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS), pdu_data, sizeof(pdu_data)));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(device_a.write_count, 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device_b.write_count, 0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(uart.written.empty());
+}
+
+// A device that rejects a broadcast write must not stop dispatch to devices registered after it, and the
+// broadcast is still never answered.
+TEST(ModbusBroadcast, RejectingDeviceDoesNotStopBroadcastDispatch) {
+  TestServerHub hub;
+  RecordingUART uart;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+
+  RejectingDevice rejecter(0x02);
+  RecordingDevice device(0x03);
+  hub.register_device(&rejecter);  // registered first, so a rejection happens before the normal device
+  hub.register_device(&device);
+
+  // FC 0x06 payload: start address 0x9D31, value 0x00A5 (big-endian, no address/CRC).
+  const uint8_t pdu_data[] = {0x9D, 0x31, 0x00, 0xA5};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.run_receive_parser_for_test(
+      BROADCAST_ADDRESS, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER), pdu_data, sizeof(pdu_data)));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(rejecter.write_count, 1);  // the rejecting device was still invoked
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.write_count, 1);    // and dispatch continued to the device registered after it
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.last_start_address, 0x9D31);
+  ASSERT_EQ(device.last_values.size(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.last_values[0], 0x00A5);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(uart.written.empty());  // a broadcast is never answered, even when a device rejects
+}
+
+// A unicast out-of-range write sends exactly one exception frame on the wire.
+TEST(ModbusBroadcast, UnicastOutOfRangeWriteSendsSingleExceptionFrame) {
+  TestServerHub hub;
+  RecordingUART uart;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+
+  RecordingDevice device(0x02);
+  hub.register_device(&device);
+
+  // FC 0x10 payload: start 0xFFFF, quantity 2, byte count 4, values valid but address range overflows.
+  const uint8_t pdu_data[] = {0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x02, 0x04, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.run_receive_parser_for_test(0x02, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS),
+                                              pdu_data, sizeof(pdu_data)));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.write_count, 0);
+  ASSERT_EQ(uart.written.size(), 5u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(uart.written[0], 0x02);  // server address
+  EXPECT_EQ(uart.written[1], static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS) | 0x80);
+  EXPECT_EQ(uart.written[2], static_cast<uint8_t>(ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS));
+}
+
+// A broadcast single-coil write (FC 0x05) reaches every device and is not answered. The 2-byte ON value
+// is normalized to a one-bit view, so the handler sees the same shape as a multiple-coil write of one.
+TEST(ModbusBroadcast, SingleCoilWriteReachesAllDevicesWithoutReply) {
+  TestServerHub hub;
+  RecordingUART uart;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+
+  RecordingCoilDevice device_a(0x02);
+  RecordingCoilDevice device_b(0x03);
+  hub.register_device(&device_a);
+  hub.register_device(&device_b);
+
+  // FC 0x05 payload: coil 0x00AC, value 0xFF00 (ON).
+  const uint8_t pdu_data[] = {0x00, 0xAC, 0xFF, 0x00};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.run_receive_parser_for_test(BROADCAST_ADDRESS, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL),
+                                              pdu_data, sizeof(pdu_data)));
+
+  for (RecordingCoilDevice *device : {&device_a, &device_b}) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(device->write_count, 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(device->last_start_address, 0x00AC);
+    ASSERT_EQ(device->last_bits.size(), 1u);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(device->last_bits[0]);
+  }
+  EXPECT_TRUE(uart.written.empty());  // broadcasts are never answered
+}
+
+// A broadcast multiple-coil write (FC 0x0F) delivers the packed bits to every device, LSB first.
+TEST(ModbusBroadcast, MultipleCoilWriteReachesAllDevicesWithoutReply) {
+  TestServerHub hub;
+  RecordingUART uart;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+
+  RecordingCoilDevice device_a(0x02);
+  RecordingCoilDevice device_b(0x03);
+  hub.register_device(&device_a);
+  hub.register_device(&device_b);
+
+  // FC 0x0F payload: start 0x0013, 10 coils, 2 bytes, 0xCD 0x01 -> bit 0 set, bit 8 set.
+  const uint8_t pdu_data[] = {0x00, 0x13, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x02, 0xCD, 0x01};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.run_receive_parser_for_test(
+      BROADCAST_ADDRESS, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS), pdu_data, sizeof(pdu_data)));
+
+  for (RecordingCoilDevice *device : {&device_a, &device_b}) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(device->write_count, 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(device->last_start_address, 0x0013);
+    ASSERT_EQ(device->last_bits.size(), 10u);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(device->last_bits[0]);   // 0xCD bit 0
+    EXPECT_FALSE(device->last_bits[1]);  // 0xCD bit 1
+    EXPECT_TRUE(device->last_bits[8]);   // 0x01 bit 0
+    EXPECT_FALSE(device->last_bits[9]);  // padding bit
+  }
+  EXPECT_TRUE(uart.written.empty());
+}
+
+// A coil broadcast that fails validation is dropped exactly like a bad register broadcast: no handler
+// call and, because broadcasts are never answered, no exception frame either.
+TEST(ModbusBroadcast, InvalidCoilBroadcastProducesNoWriteAndNoReply) {
+  TestServerHub hub;
+  RecordingUART uart;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+
+  RecordingCoilDevice device(0x02);
+  hub.register_device(&device);
+
+  // Byte count disagrees with the coil quantity: 10 coils need 2 bytes, not 1.
+  const uint8_t bad_count[] = {0x00, 0x13, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x01, 0xCD};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.run_receive_parser_for_test(
+      BROADCAST_ADDRESS, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS), bad_count, sizeof(bad_count)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.write_count, 0);
+
+  // A single-coil value must be 0x0000 or 0xFF00; anything else is out of spec.
+  const uint8_t bad_value[] = {0x00, 0xAC, 0x12, 0x34};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.run_receive_parser_for_test(BROADCAST_ADDRESS, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL),
+                                              bad_value, sizeof(bad_value)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.write_count, 0);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(uart.written.empty());
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::modbus
diff --git a/tests/components/modbus/modbus_client_device_test.cpp b/tests/components/modbus/modbus_client_device_test.cpp
index 38c28ce2df..333da5b228 100644
--- a/tests/components/modbus/modbus_client_device_test.cpp
+++ b/tests/components/modbus/modbus_client_device_test.cpp
@@ -118,6 +118,35 @@ TEST(ModbusClientDeviceFanOut, ReadHoldingRegistersSuccess) {
   EXPECT_FALSE(call.status.has_value());
 }
 
+// FC 0x17: the response carries only the read block, so it decodes as a holding-register read of the read
+// start/count. The write half has no client-side ack callback - it is confirmed by a successful response.
+TEST(ModbusClientDeviceFanOut, ReadWriteMultipleRegistersDeliversReadBlockAsHolding) {
+  RecordingDevice device;
+  // read 2 regs at 0x0010, write 1 reg (0x00FF) at 0x0020
+  const uint8_t request[] = {0x17, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x00, 0xFF};
+  const uint8_t response[] = {0x17, 0x04, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x01, 0x00};  // read-back: 0x002A, 0x0100
+  device.on_response(request, response);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(device.holding_calls.size(), 1u);
+  const auto &call = device.holding_calls.front();
+  EXPECT_EQ(call.start_address, 0x0010);  // the READ start address, not the write
+  EXPECT_EQ(call.registers, (std::vector<uint16_t>{0x002A, 0x0100}));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(call.status.has_value());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device.write_multiple_registers_calls.empty());  // no separate write-ack on the client side
+}
+
+// A 0x17 response shorter than the requested read count is self-consistent but wrong; it must be diverted
+// to on_custom_response(), never clamped and delivered as if complete.
+TEST(ModbusClientDeviceFanOut, ReadWriteMultipleRegistersShortResponseGoesToCustom) {
+  RecordingDevice device;
+  const uint8_t request[] = {0x17, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x00, 0xFF};
+  const uint8_t response[] = {0x17, 0x02, 0x00, 0x2A};  // only 1 register, but 2 were requested
+  device.on_response(request, response);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device.holding_calls.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.custom_requests.size(), 1u);
+}
+
 TEST(ModbusClientDeviceFanOut, ReadInputRegistersDelegateToGeneric) {
   GenericDevice device;
   const uint8_t request[] = {0x04, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01};
diff --git a/tests/components/modbus/modbus_client_hub_test.cpp b/tests/components/modbus/modbus_client_hub_test.cpp
index 4d5b4e7ee8..18c04f32d5 100644
--- a/tests/components/modbus/modbus_client_hub_test.cpp
+++ b/tests/components/modbus/modbus_client_hub_test.cpp
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubNoResponse, RetryRequeuesWaitingFrame) {
   NoResponseProbeHub hub;
   RetryingDevice device(&hub, 0x02, /*retry=*/true);
 
-  device.send_pdu(read_pdu());
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
   ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
   hub.force_send_next();
   ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 0u);
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubNoResponse, NoRetryDropsWaitingFrame) {
   NoResponseProbeHub hub;
   RetryingDevice device(&hub, 0x02, /*retry=*/false);
 
-  device.send_pdu(read_pdu());
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
   hub.force_send_next();
 
   hub.timeout_waiting();
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubNoResponse, DetachedDeviceIsNotNotified) {
   NoResponseProbeHub hub;
   {
     RetryingDevice device(&hub, 0x02, /*retry=*/true);
-    device.send_pdu(read_pdu());
+    device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
     hub.force_send_next();
     // device destructor clears its queue entries, including the waiting frame's device pointer
   }
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubNoResponse, RetryBehindInterruptedShell) {
   NoResponseProbeHub hub;
   RetryingDevice device(&hub, 0x02, /*retry=*/true);
 
-  device.send_pdu(read_pdu());
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
   hub.force_send_next();
 
   // A frame from the wrong address (0x07, expected 0x02) hits the unexpected-frame branch.
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubNoResponse, InterruptedShellDeclinedRetryRetiresOnRelease) {
   NoResponseProbeHub hub;
   RetryingDevice device(&hub, 0x02, /*retry=*/false);
 
-  device.send_pdu(read_pdu());
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
   hub.force_send_next();
 
   const uint8_t stray_pdu[] = {0x03, 0x04, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x01, 0x00};
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubNoResponse, MidCallbackClearCancelsRetry) {
   NoResponseProbeHub hub;
   ClearingRetryDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
 
-  device.send_pdu(read_pdu());
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
   hub.force_send_next();
   hub.timeout_waiting();
 
@@ -246,9 +246,9 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, WritesSendBeforeQueuedReads) {
   const uint8_t read_a[] = {0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02};
   const uint8_t read_b[] = {0x03, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02};
   const uint8_t write_pdu[] = {0x06, 0x00, 0x10, 0xBE, 0xEF};
-  device.send_pdu(read_a);
-  device.send_pdu(read_b);
-  device.send_pdu(write_pdu);
+  device.queue_pdu(read_a);
+  device.queue_pdu(read_b);
+  device.queue_pdu(write_pdu);
 
   ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 3u);
   hub.force_send_next();
@@ -266,8 +266,8 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, DuplicateQueuedFrameAbsorbedNotDuplicated) {
   NoResponseProbeHub hub;
   RetryingDevice device(&hub, 0x02, /*retry=*/false);
 
-  device.send_pdu(read_pdu());
-  device.send_pdu(read_pdu());
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
 
   ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
   EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued(0).pending, 2u);  // one entry standing for two accepted requests
@@ -280,9 +280,9 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, InFlightDuplicateRunsOnceMore) {
   NoResponseProbeHub hub;
   RetryingDevice device(&hub, 0x02, /*retry=*/false);
 
-  device.send_pdu(read_pdu());
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
   hub.force_send_next();
-  device.send_pdu(read_pdu());  // duplicate of the waiting frame
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());  // duplicate of the waiting frame
 
   EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 0u);  // not queued twice
   EXPECT_EQ(hub.waiting_command().pending, 2u);
@@ -303,9 +303,9 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, AbsorbedRequestSurvivesDeviceRetry) {
   NoResponseProbeHub hub;
   RetryingDevice device(&hub, 0x02, /*retry=*/true);
 
-  device.send_pdu(read_pdu());
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
   hub.force_send_next();
-  device.send_pdu(read_pdu());  // duplicate of the waiting frame -> absorbed
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());  // duplicate of the waiting frame -> absorbed
   ASSERT_EQ(hub.waiting_command().pending, 2u);
 
   hub.timeout_waiting();  // no response; the device requests a retry
@@ -322,14 +322,14 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, ContinuousReadRequeuesOnSuccessOnly) {
 
   device.read_holding_registers(0x100, 2, {.continuous = true});
   ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(hub.queued(0).continuous);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(hub.queued(0).options.continuous);
   hub.force_send_next();
 
   // A matching successful response cycles the continuous entry back to READY.
   const uint8_t ok_response[] = {0x03, 0x04, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x01, 0x00};
   hub.receive_frame_for_test(0x02, ok_response);
   ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(hub.queued(0).continuous);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(hub.queued(0).options.continuous);
 
   // An exception response ends the poll.
   hub.force_send_next();
@@ -346,13 +346,13 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, RetriedContinuousReadStaysContinuous) {
 
   device.read_holding_registers(0x100, 2, {.continuous = true});
   ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.queued(0).continuous);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.queued(0).options.continuous);
   hub.force_send_next();
 
   hub.timeout_waiting();  // no response -> device requests retry
 
   ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(hub.queued(0).continuous);  // the retried poll stays continuous
+  EXPECT_TRUE(hub.queued(0).options.continuous);  // the retried poll stays continuous
 }
 
 // A one-shot duplicate downgrades a continuous poll to a one-shot (the mirror of a continuous
@@ -363,16 +363,16 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, DuplicateSendDowngradesContinuous) {
 
   device.read_holding_registers(0x100, 2, {.continuous = true});
   ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.queued(0).continuous);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.queued(0).options.continuous);
 
   device.read_holding_registers(0x100, 2);  // one-shot duplicate downgrades the poll
   ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.queued(0).continuous);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.queued(0).options.continuous);
   EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued(0).pending, 1u);
 
   // It runs one more cycle to serve the request, then stops - not re-queued as a poll.
   hub.force_send_next();
-  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.waiting_command().continuous);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.waiting_command().options.continuous);
   const uint8_t ok_response[] = {0x03, 0x04, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x01, 0x00};
   hub.receive_frame_for_test(0x02, ok_response);
   EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 0u);
@@ -407,16 +407,16 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, DowngradeAfterTerminalKeepsRequestAlive) {
 
   device.read_holding_registers(0x100, 2, {.continuous = true});
   ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.queued(0).continuous);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.queued(0).options.continuous);
 
   hub.force_send_next();
   const uint8_t exception_response[] = {0x83, 0x02};
   hub.receive_frame_for_test(0x02, exception_response);  // exception ends the poll; on_error re-sends
 
-  EXPECT_EQ(device.error_count_, 1);       // one terminal delivered so far
-  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);      // the re-send survived the sweep instead of being erased
-  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.queued(0).continuous);  // downgraded to a one-shot
-  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued(0).pending, 1u);    // debt restored so the request runs
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.error_count_, 1);               // one terminal delivered so far
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);              // the re-send survived the sweep instead of being erased
+  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.queued(0).options.continuous);  // downgraded to a one-shot
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued(0).pending, 1u);            // debt restored so the request runs
 
   // And it runs to its own terminal - a good response this time - then the entry is gone.
   hub.force_send_next();
@@ -434,18 +434,18 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, ContinuousRequestUpgradesQueuedDuplicate) {
 
   device.read_holding_registers(0x100, 2);
   ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
-  ASSERT_FALSE(hub.queued(0).continuous);
+  ASSERT_FALSE(hub.queued(0).options.continuous);
 
   device.read_holding_registers(0x100, 2, {.continuous = true});
   ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(hub.queued(0).continuous);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(hub.queued(0).options.continuous);
 
   // And it behaves as a poll from here: success cycles it back to READY.
   hub.force_send_next();
   const uint8_t ok_response[] = {0x03, 0x04, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x01, 0x00};
   hub.receive_frame_for_test(0x02, ok_response);
   ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(hub.queued(0).continuous);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(hub.queued(0).options.continuous);
 }
 
 // The transmit order is one key with three levels: writes, then one-shot reads, then continuous
@@ -459,8 +459,8 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, WritesThenOneShotReadsThenContinuousPolls) {
   device.read_holding_registers(0x100, 2, {.continuous = true});
   const uint8_t one_shot[] = {0x03, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01};
   const uint8_t write_pdu[] = {0x06, 0x00, 0x10, 0xBE, 0xEF};
-  device.send_pdu(one_shot);
-  device.send_pdu(write_pdu);
+  device.queue_pdu(one_shot);
+  device.queue_pdu(write_pdu);
   ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 3u);
   EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued(0).priority(), CommandPriority::CONTINUOUS);
   EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued(1).priority(), CommandPriority::READ);
@@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, WritesThenOneShotReadsThenContinuousPolls) {
   EXPECT_EQ(hub.waiting_command().frame.pdu()[1], 0x02);  // then the one-shot read
   hub.timeout_waiting();
   hub.force_send_next();
-  EXPECT_TRUE(hub.waiting_command().continuous);  // and the poll takes what is left
+  EXPECT_TRUE(hub.waiting_command().options.continuous);  // and the poll takes what is left
 }
 
 // continuous is ignored for writes: the frame still sends at WRITE priority, once.
@@ -482,10 +482,10 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, ContinuousIgnoredForWrites) {
   RetryingDevice device(&hub, 0x02, /*retry=*/false);
 
   const uint8_t write_pdu[] = {0x06, 0x00, 0x10, 0xBE, 0xEF};
-  device.send_pdu(write_pdu, {.continuous = true});
+  device.queue_pdu(write_pdu, {.continuous = true});
   ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
   EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued(0).priority(), CommandPriority::WRITE);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.queued(0).continuous);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.queued(0).options.continuous);
 }
 
 // A queued continuous poll does not count against immediate-send readiness: it ranks below every
@@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, ContinuousPollDoesNotBlockImmediateSend) {
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(hub.tx_buffer_empty());  // nothing queued
   device.read_holding_registers(0x100, 2, {.continuous = true});
-  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.queued(0).continuous);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.queued(0).options.continuous);
   EXPECT_TRUE(hub.tx_buffer_empty());  // a READY continuous poll still leaves room to send now
 
   device.read_holding_registers(0x200, 2);  // a one-shot does count
@@ -530,8 +530,8 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, DuplicateQueuedWriteRefused) {
   SentCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
 
   const uint8_t write_pdu[] = {0x06, 0x00, 0x10, 0xBE, 0xEF};
-  EXPECT_TRUE(device.send_pdu(write_pdu));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(device.send_pdu(write_pdu));  // duplicate write: refused
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device.queue_pdu(write_pdu));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(device.queue_pdu(write_pdu));  // duplicate write: refused
   hub.sweep_for_test();
 
   ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
@@ -547,8 +547,8 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, DuplicateCustomFunctionCodeRefused) {
   SentCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
 
   const uint8_t custom_pdu[] = {0x41, 0x01, 0x02};  // user-defined function code
-  EXPECT_TRUE(device.send_pdu(custom_pdu));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(device.send_pdu(custom_pdu));  // duplicate custom command: refused
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device.queue_pdu(custom_pdu));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(device.queue_pdu(custom_pdu));  // duplicate custom command: refused
   hub.sweep_for_test();
 
   ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
@@ -562,8 +562,8 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, AnonymousDuplicateDroppedNotPromoted) {
   NoResponseProbeHub hub;
 
   const uint8_t read[] = {0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02};
-  hub.send_pdu(0x02, read);
-  hub.send_pdu(0x02, read);  // anonymous duplicate: dropped
+  hub.queue_pdu(0x02, read);
+  hub.queue_pdu(0x02, read);  // anonymous duplicate: dropped
 
   ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
   EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued(0).pending, 1u);  // never absorbed for a null owner
@@ -575,13 +575,13 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, RetriedReadGoesBehindFreshReads) {
   NoResponseProbeHub hub;
   RetryingDevice device(&hub, 0x02, /*retry=*/true);
 
-  device.send_pdu(read_pdu());
-  hub.force_send_next();        // the frame that will time out and retry
-  device.send_pdu(read_pdu());  // waiting duplicate: absorbed into the waiting entry
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
+  hub.force_send_next();         // the frame that will time out and retry
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());  // waiting duplicate: absorbed into the waiting entry
   const uint8_t fresh_a[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01};
   const uint8_t fresh_b[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x01};
-  device.send_pdu(fresh_a);
-  device.send_pdu(fresh_b);
+  device.queue_pdu(fresh_a);
+  device.queue_pdu(fresh_b);
   ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 2u);
 
   hub.timeout_waiting();  // device retries; the entry returns to READY behind the fresh reads
@@ -608,9 +608,9 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, AbsorbedDuplicateKeepsPlaceInLine) {
 
   const uint8_t read_a[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01};
   const uint8_t read_b[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x01};
-  device.send_pdu(read_a);
-  device.send_pdu(read_b);
-  device.send_pdu(read_a);  // duplicate of the older entry: absorbed, place unchanged
+  device.queue_pdu(read_a);
+  device.queue_pdu(read_b);
+  device.queue_pdu(read_a);  // duplicate of the older entry: absorbed, place unchanged
   ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 2u);
 
   const ModbusDeviceCommand *next = hub.next_ready();
@@ -626,14 +626,14 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, RetriedWriteKeepsWritePriorityAndStaysNonRequeueab
   RetryingDevice device(&hub, 0x02, /*retry=*/true);
 
   const uint8_t write_pdu[] = {0x06, 0x00, 0x10, 0xBE, 0xEF};
-  device.send_pdu(write_pdu);
+  device.queue_pdu(write_pdu);
   hub.force_send_next();
   hub.timeout_waiting();  // no response -> device requests retry -> back to READY
 
   ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
   EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued(0).priority(), CommandPriority::WRITE);  // retry preserves the WRITE class
 
-  device.send_pdu(write_pdu);          // duplicate of the retried write
+  device.queue_pdu(write_pdu);         // duplicate of the retried write
   ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);  // still not queued twice...
   EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued(0).priority(), CommandPriority::WRITE);
   hub.sweep_for_test();
@@ -655,7 +655,7 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubSent, BlockedHubDefersInsteadOfFailing) {
   AlwaysBlockedHub hub;
   SentCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
 
-  EXPECT_TRUE(device.send_pdu(read_pdu()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device.queue_pdu(read_pdu()));
   hub.send_next_for_test();
 
   EXPECT_EQ(device.sent_count_, 0);
@@ -673,7 +673,7 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubSent, FiresOnWireNotOnQueue) {
   hub.setup();  // frame timing derives from the baud rate
   SentCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
 
-  device.send_pdu(read_pdu());
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
   EXPECT_EQ(device.sent_count_, 0);  // queued only - nothing sent yet
 
   hub.send_next_for_test();
@@ -684,6 +684,198 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubSent, FiresOnWireNotOnQueue) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(hub.waiting());
 }
 
+namespace {
+// Records on_sent / on_response / on_no_response so a broadcast's fire-and-forget completion
+// (on_sent, and no terminal) can be asserted.
+class BroadcastProbeDevice : public ModbusClientDevice {
+ public:
+  BroadcastProbeDevice(ModbusClientHub *hub, uint8_t address) : ModbusClientDevice(hub, address) {}
+  void on_sent(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) override { this->sent_count_++; }
+  void on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) override {
+    this->response_count_++;
+    this->last_response_size_ = response_pdu.size();
+  }
+  bool on_no_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) override {
+    this->no_response_count_++;
+    return false;
+  }
+  int sent_count_{0};
+  int response_count_{0};
+  int no_response_count_{0};
+  size_t last_response_size_{0};
+};
+}  // namespace
+
+// A broadcast (address 0) is never answered (Modbus 4.1), so the client treats it as fire-and-forget:
+// on_sent fires as the frame goes out, NO terminal (on_response/on_error/on_no_response) is delivered,
+// the hub is left NOT waiting - no timeout is burned - and the sweep erases the entry.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubBroadcast, CompletesAtTransmissionWithoutWaiting) {
+  NullUART uart;
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+  hub.setup();
+  BroadcastProbeDevice device(&hub, BROADCAST_ADDRESS);
+
+  const uint8_t write[] = {0x06, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01};  // write single register 0x0010 = 0x0001
+  ASSERT_TRUE(device.queue_pdu(write));
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
+
+  hub.send_next_for_test();  // transmit + sweep
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.sent_count_, 1);         // the frame went on the wire
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.response_count_, 0);     // fire-and-forget: no terminal callback
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.no_response_count_, 0);  // and it never waited for a reply
+  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.waiting());              // no waiting slot occupied
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 0u);       // and the entry is gone
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.entries(), 0u);
+}
+
+namespace {
+// Keeps the DEFAULT on_response() (so the base typed dispatcher runs) and records the typed write
+// callback and the catch-all, to prove a broadcast reaches neither - only on_sent.
+class BroadcastTypedProbeDevice : public ModbusClientDevice {
+ public:
+  BroadcastTypedProbeDevice(ModbusClientHub *hub, uint8_t address) : ModbusClientDevice(hub, address) {}
+  void on_sent(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) override { this->sent_count_++; }
+  void on_write_single_register(uint16_t address, uint16_t value, ResponseStatus status) override {
+    this->write_single_count_++;
+  }
+  void on_custom_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu,
+                          ResponseStatus status) override {
+    this->custom_count_++;
+  }
+  int sent_count_{0};
+  int write_single_count_{0};
+  int custom_count_{0};
+};
+}  // namespace
+
+// Completing a broadcast with an empty response({}) used to fall, for a device on the default
+// on_response(), through the typed dispatcher to on_custom_response() - firing the wrong callback and
+// logging a spurious "non-standard" warning. Fire-and-forget delivers no terminal at all, so a broadcast
+// write reaches neither the typed write callback nor the catch-all: only on_sent.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubBroadcast, DeliversNoTerminalToTypedDevice) {
+  NullUART uart;
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+  hub.setup();
+  BroadcastTypedProbeDevice device(&hub, BROADCAST_ADDRESS);
+
+  const uint8_t write[] = {0x06, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01};  // write single register 0x0010 = 0x0001
+  ASSERT_TRUE(device.queue_pdu(write));
+
+  hub.send_next_for_test();  // transmit + sweep
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.sent_count_, 1);          // on_sent still reports the transmission
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.write_single_count_, 0);  // no terminal: the typed write callback never fires
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.custom_count_, 0);        // and it is NOT diverted to the catch-all (no false warning)
+  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.waiting());
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.entries(), 0u);
+}
+
+// A broadcast is only meaningful for a command that changes state; a broadcast READ could never be
+// answered, so the hub refuses it at the door (false return, no entry queued) rather than silently
+// retiring it. Writes and custom/unknown codes still go through (covered in the neighboring tests).
+TEST(ModbusClientHubBroadcast, RefusesReadBroadcast) {
+  NullUART uart;
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+  hub.setup();
+  BroadcastProbeDevice device(&hub, BROADCAST_ADDRESS);
+
+  const uint8_t read[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x02};  // read holding registers 0x0010, count 2
+  EXPECT_FALSE(device.queue_pdu(read));                   // refused: a broadcast read is never answered
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.entries(), 0u);                           // nothing entered the machine
+  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.waiting());
+
+  hub.send_next_for_test();          // nothing to send
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.sent_count_, 0);  // never transmitted
+}
+
+// The counterpart to RefusesReadBroadcast: a custom (user-defined) function code carries no reply the
+// hub knows how to expect, so a broadcast of one is accepted and completes fire-and-forget like a write.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubBroadcast, AcceptsCustomBroadcast) {
+  NullUART uart;
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+  hub.setup();
+  BroadcastProbeDevice device(&hub, BROADCAST_ADDRESS);
+
+  const uint8_t custom[] = {0x41, 0x01, 0x02};  // FC 0x41: first user-defined function code space
+  ASSERT_TRUE(device.queue_pdu(custom));        // accepted: a custom code is not a read
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
+
+  hub.send_next_for_test();  // transmit + sweep
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.sent_count_, 1);         // the frame went on the wire
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.response_count_, 0);     // fire-and-forget: no terminal callback
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.no_response_count_, 0);  // and it never waited for a reply
+  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.waiting());
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.entries(), 0u);  // the entry is gone
+}
+
+// An exception-flagged code (0x80 bit set) is never a valid request - that bit is response-only - so
+// queue_pdu refuses it up front, before the broadcast guard, whatever its base code.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubBroadcast, RefusesExceptionFlaggedCustomBroadcast) {
+  NullUART uart;
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+  hub.setup();
+  BroadcastProbeDevice device(&hub, BROADCAST_ADDRESS);
+
+  const uint8_t exception_custom[] = {0xC1, 0x01, 0x02};  // 0x41 | 0x80: custom code with the exception bit
+  EXPECT_FALSE(device.queue_pdu(exception_custom));       // refused: exception-flagged, never a real broadcast
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.entries(), 0u);                           // nothing entered the machine
+  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.waiting());
+
+  hub.send_next_for_test();          // nothing to send
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.sent_count_, 0);  // never transmitted
+}
+
+// FC23 (read/write multiple) has a read half that expects a reply, so the Modbus spec does not allow it
+// as a broadcast. is_function_code_read() covers it, so the broadcast guard refuses it despite its write
+// half.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubBroadcast, RefusesReadWriteMultipleBroadcast) {
+  NullUART uart;
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+  hub.setup();
+  BroadcastProbeDevice device(&hub, BROADCAST_ADDRESS);
+
+  // fc, read start+qty, write start+qty, byte count, one data word.
+  const uint8_t read_write_multiple[] = {0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0xBE, 0xEF};
+  EXPECT_FALSE(device.queue_pdu(read_write_multiple));  // its read half could never be answered
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.entries(), 0u);
+}
+
+// FC 0x18 (read FIFO queue) is not a "read" by is_function_code_read(), but the hub has an explicit
+// response-length rule for it - it demonstrably expects a reply, so it cannot broadcast.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubBroadcast, RefusesKnownLengthNonWriteBroadcast) {
+  NullUART uart;
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+  hub.setup();
+  BroadcastProbeDevice device(&hub, BROADCAST_ADDRESS);
+
+  const uint8_t read_fifo[] = {0x18, 0x00, 0x10};  // fc, FIFO pointer address
+  EXPECT_FALSE(device.queue_pdu(read_fifo));
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.entries(), 0u);
+}
+
+// A code that is neither a read nor exception-flagged (here 0x63, unassigned) is fire-and-forget on a
+// broadcast: the hub can't know it isn't a vendor write, so it is accepted and delivered to all devices.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubBroadcast, AcceptsNonReadUnknownBroadcast) {
+  NullUART uart;
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+  hub.setup();
+  BroadcastProbeDevice device(&hub, BROADCAST_ADDRESS);
+
+  const uint8_t unknown[] = {0x63, 0x00, 0x01};
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device.queue_pdu(unknown));  // not a read, so not refused
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.entries(), 1u);
+}
+
 namespace {
 // tx_blocked() clear for send_next_frame_'s gate, then blocked for send_frame_'s post-delay re-check.
 class RejectPostDelayHub : public NoResponseProbeHub {
@@ -703,7 +895,7 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubSent, SendRejectedAfterDelayLeavesFrameReady) {
   hub.setup();
   SentCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
 
-  device.send_pdu(read_pdu());
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
   hub.send_next_for_test();  // gate passes, send_frame_ rejects on the post-delay re-check
 
   EXPECT_EQ(device.sent_count_, 0);  // nothing transmitted
@@ -766,7 +958,7 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubCallbackCount, SingleReadSingleCallback) {
   NoResponseProbeHub hub;
   DataCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
 
-  device.send_pdu(read_pdu());
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
   drain_with_responses(hub, OK_RESPONSE);
 
   EXPECT_EQ(device.data_count_, 1);
@@ -781,8 +973,8 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubCallbackCount, DuplicateReadExactlyTwoCallbacks) {
   NoResponseProbeHub hub;
   DataCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
 
-  device.send_pdu(read_pdu());
-  device.send_pdu(read_pdu());
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
   int cycles = drain_with_responses(hub, OK_RESPONSE);
 
   EXPECT_EQ(cycles, 2);
@@ -812,8 +1004,8 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubCallbackCount, ClearFromResponseResolvesDuplicateWithNotSent
   NoResponseProbeHub hub;
   ClearOnFirstResponseDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
 
-  EXPECT_TRUE(device.send_pdu(read_pdu()));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(device.send_pdu(read_pdu()));  // absorbed: one entry, pending 2
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device.queue_pdu(read_pdu()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device.queue_pdu(read_pdu()));  // absorbed: one entry, pending 2
   hub.force_send_next();
   hub.receive_frame_for_test(0x02, OK_RESPONSE);  // response -> on_response -> clear, then sweep
 
@@ -829,9 +1021,9 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubCallbackCount, TripleReadRefusesTheThird) {
   NoResponseProbeHub hub;
   DataCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
 
-  EXPECT_TRUE(device.send_pdu(read_pdu()));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(device.send_pdu(read_pdu()));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(device.send_pdu(read_pdu()));  // the entry is already at its cap
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device.queue_pdu(read_pdu()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device.queue_pdu(read_pdu()));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(device.queue_pdu(read_pdu()));  // the entry is already at its cap
   hub.sweep_for_test();
   EXPECT_EQ(device.not_sent_count_, 0);  // refused synchronously, nothing owed
   int cycles = drain_with_responses(hub, OK_RESPONSE);
@@ -849,8 +1041,8 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubCallbackCount, DuplicateWriteRefusedWithoutLifecycle) {
   DataCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
 
   const uint8_t write_pdu[] = {0x06, 0x00, 0x10, 0xBE, 0xEF};
-  EXPECT_TRUE(device.send_pdu(write_pdu));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(device.send_pdu(write_pdu));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device.queue_pdu(write_pdu));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(device.queue_pdu(write_pdu));
   hub.sweep_for_test();
 
   EXPECT_EQ(device.terminals(), 0);  // the accepted write has not resolved; the other never existed
@@ -867,7 +1059,7 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubCallbackCount, ErrorResponseIsSoleTerminal) {
   hub.setup();
   DataCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
 
-  device.send_pdu(read_pdu());
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
   hub.send_next_for_test();
   const uint8_t exception_response[] = {0x83, 0x02};
   hub.receive_frame_for_test(0x02, exception_response);
@@ -886,7 +1078,7 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubCallbackCount, NoResponseIsSoleTerminalAndNotSentHasNoSent)
   hub.setup();
   DataCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
 
-  device.send_pdu(read_pdu());
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
   hub.send_next_for_test();
   hub.timeout_waiting();
   EXPECT_EQ(device.no_response_count_, 1);
@@ -896,8 +1088,8 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubCallbackCount, NoResponseIsSoleTerminalAndNotSentHasNoSent)
   // Unabsorbable duplicate: the second identical write is refused at the door - no lifecycle, no
   // terminal, nothing sent.
   const uint8_t write_pdu[] = {0x06, 0x00, 0x10, 0xBE, 0xEF};
-  EXPECT_TRUE(device.send_pdu(write_pdu));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(device.send_pdu(write_pdu));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device.queue_pdu(write_pdu));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(device.queue_pdu(write_pdu));
   hub.sweep_for_test();
   EXPECT_EQ(device.not_sent_count_, 0);
   EXPECT_EQ(device.terminals(), 1);  // still just the read's timeout
@@ -920,7 +1112,7 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubCallbackCount, RetryLifecyclesEachGetSentAndTerminal) {
   DataCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
   device.retries_ = 1;  // ask for exactly one retry
 
-  device.send_pdu(read_pdu());
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
   hub.send_next_for_test();
   hub.timeout_waiting();  // lifecycle 1: sent + no_response (retry requested -> re-queued)
   ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
@@ -946,13 +1138,13 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubCallbackCount, RetryIsNeverRefusedByFullQueue) {
   device.retries_ = 1;
   SentCountingDevice filler(&hub, 0x05);
 
-  device.send_pdu(read_pdu());
-  hub.force_send_next();        // waiting
-  device.send_pdu(read_pdu());  // absorbed: two requests pending
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
+  hub.force_send_next();         // waiting
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());  // absorbed: two requests pending
   // Fill the remaining live capacity with distinct frames.
   for (uint16_t i = 0; hub.entries() < MODBUS_TX_BUFFER_SIZE; i++) {
     const uint8_t fill[] = {0x03, static_cast<uint8_t>(i >> 8), static_cast<uint8_t>(i & 0xFF), 0x00, 0x01};
-    filler.send_pdu(fill);
+    filler.queue_pdu(fill);
   }
 
   hub.timeout_waiting();  // retry requested; the entry flips back to READY regardless of capacity
@@ -991,10 +1183,10 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubQueue, SendRawTooShortIsRefusedAtTheDoor) {
   NotSentCountingRawDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
 #pragma GCC diagnostic push
 #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
-  EXPECT_FALSE(device.send_raw({}));  // too short to contain a PDU
+  device.send_raw({});  // too short to contain a PDU; the deprecated void spelling cannot report it
 #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
-  EXPECT_EQ(device.not_sent_count_, 0);  // refusals are returned, never delivered
-  EXPECT_TRUE(hub.tx_buffer_empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.not_sent_count_, 0);  // refused at the door: no callback delivered
+  EXPECT_TRUE(hub.tx_buffer_empty());    // the only evidence of the refusal is that nothing queued
 }
 
 // A continuous read: every wire transmission pairs one sent with one terminal, ending on the error.
@@ -1040,7 +1232,7 @@ class ChainOnSentDevice : public ModbusClientDevice {
     if (!this->chained_) {
       this->chained_ = true;
       const uint8_t follow[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x09, 0x00, 0x01};  // read holding 0x0009 x1
-      this->send_pdu(follow);
+      this->queue_pdu(follow);
     }
   }
   bool chained_{false};
@@ -1059,9 +1251,9 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubQueue, ClearAddressQueueNotifiesEveryOwner) {
   const uint8_t read_a[] = {0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02};
   const uint8_t read_b[] = {0x03, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02};
   const uint8_t read_c[] = {0x03, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02};
-  controller_like.send_pdu(read_a);
-  bystander_same.send_pdu(read_b);
-  bystander_other.send_pdu(read_c);
+  controller_like.queue_pdu(read_a);
+  bystander_same.queue_pdu(read_b);
+  bystander_other.queue_pdu(read_c);
   ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 3u);
 
   controller_like.clear_tx_queue_for_address();
@@ -1083,8 +1275,8 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubQueue, ClearAddressDeliversOneTerminalPerAcceptedRequest) {
   SentCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
 
   const uint8_t read[] = {0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02};
-  device.send_pdu(read);
-  device.send_pdu(read);  // duplicate: absorbed into the queued entry
+  device.queue_pdu(read);
+  device.queue_pdu(read);  // duplicate: absorbed into the queued entry
   ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
   ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued(0).pending, 2u);
 
@@ -1103,8 +1295,8 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubQueue, ClearSentOnInFlightDuplicateStillNotifiesTheDuplicate
   NoResponseProbeHub hub;
   DataCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
 
-  device.send_pdu(read_pdu());
-  device.send_pdu(read_pdu());  // absorbed: one entry, pending 2
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());  // absorbed: one entry, pending 2
   ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued(0).pending, 2u);
   hub.force_send_next();  // the frame is sent (WAITING); pending still 2
   ASSERT_TRUE(hub.waiting());
@@ -1122,7 +1314,7 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubQueue, ClearWhileInFlightStillDeliversTheResponse) {
   NoResponseProbeHub hub;
   DataCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
 
-  device.send_pdu(read_pdu());
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
   hub.force_send_next();  // sent, now WAITING
   ASSERT_TRUE(hub.waiting());
 
@@ -1151,7 +1343,7 @@ class ResendOnNotSentDevice : public ModbusClientDevice {
     this->not_sent_count_++;
     if (this->not_sent_count_ == 1) {
       const uint8_t again[] = {0x06, 0x00, 0x40, 0x00, 0x01};  // a write: ranked first at selection, not by position
-      this->send_pdu(again);
+      this->queue_pdu(again);
     }
   }
   int not_sent_count_{0};
@@ -1165,7 +1357,7 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubQueue, ClearAddressReentrantResendSurvives) {
   ResendOnNotSentDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
 
   const uint8_t read[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01};
-  device.send_pdu(read);
+  device.queue_pdu(read);
   ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
 
   hub.clear_tx_queue_for_address(0x02);
@@ -1187,8 +1379,8 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubQueue, ClearAddressReentrantResendNotSwept) {
 
   const uint8_t read_victim[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01};
   const uint8_t read_other[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x01};
-  resender.send_pdu(read_victim);
-  bystander_other.send_pdu(read_other);
+  resender.queue_pdu(read_victim);
+  bystander_other.queue_pdu(read_other);
   ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 2u);
 
   hub.clear_tx_queue_for_address(0x02);
@@ -1212,13 +1404,14 @@ class AlwaysResendDevice : public ModbusClientDevice {
   void on_not_sent(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) override {
     this->not_sent_count_++;
     const uint8_t again[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x50, 0x00, 0x01};
-    this->send_pdu(again);
+    this->queue_pdu(again);
   }
   int not_sent_count_{0};
 };
 
-// From inside on_not_sent, clears ANOTHER address - those victims must still be notified (the per-device
-// guard suppresses deliveries only to a device already inside its own on_not_sent()).
+// From inside on_not_sent, clears ANOTHER address - those victims must still be notified. Nothing
+// suppresses that: a re-entrant clear only flips states, retire() is a no-op on an already-retired
+// entry, and each entry still owes one notification per un-run request until pending reaches zero.
 class ClearOtherOnNotSentDevice : public ModbusClientDevice {
  public:
   ClearOtherOnNotSentDevice(ModbusClientHub *hub, uint8_t address) : ModbusClientDevice(hub, address) {}
@@ -1238,9 +1431,9 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubQueue, PendingNeverExceedsTheServableCap) {
   AlwaysResendDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
 
   const uint8_t read[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x50, 0x00, 0x01};
-  EXPECT_TRUE(device.send_pdu(read));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(device.send_pdu(read));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(device.send_pdu(read));  // at the cap: refused
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device.queue_pdu(read));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device.queue_pdu(read));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(device.queue_pdu(read));  // at the cap: refused
   ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
   EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued(0).pending, 2u);
 
@@ -1260,12 +1453,12 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubQueue, FullQueueRefusesWithoutCallbacks) {
   // Fill the queue with distinct frames (distinct start addresses keep the dedup from absorbing them).
   for (uint16_t i = 0; i < MODBUS_TX_BUFFER_SIZE; i++) {
     const uint8_t fill[] = {0x03, static_cast<uint8_t>(i >> 8), static_cast<uint8_t>(i & 0xFF), 0x00, 0x01};
-    filler.send_pdu(fill);
+    filler.queue_pdu(fill);
   }
   ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), MODBUS_TX_BUFFER_SIZE);
 
   const uint8_t read[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01};
-  EXPECT_FALSE(device.send_pdu(read));  // refused synchronously
+  EXPECT_FALSE(device.queue_pdu(read));  // refused synchronously
   hub.sweep_for_test();
 
   EXPECT_EQ(device.not_sent_count_, 0);  // nothing was accepted, so nothing is owed
@@ -1298,13 +1491,13 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubQueue, SelfClearFromNotSentResolvesEveryRequest) {
   const uint8_t read_a[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01};
   const uint8_t read_b[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x01};
   const uint8_t read_c[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x30, 0x00, 0x01};
-  clearer.send_pdu(read_a);
-  clearer.send_pdu(read_b);
-  bystander.send_pdu(read_c);
+  clearer.queue_pdu(read_a);
+  clearer.queue_pdu(read_b);
+  bystander.queue_pdu(read_c);
   ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 3u);
 
-  EXPECT_FALSE(clearer.send_pdu(std::span<const uint8_t>{}));  // empty: refused, no callback
-  clearer.clear_tx_queue_for_address();                        // the clear the handler used to make
+  EXPECT_FALSE(clearer.queue_pdu(std::span<const uint8_t>{}));  // empty: refused, no callback
+  clearer.clear_tx_queue_for_address();                         // the clear the handler used to make
 
   hub.sweep_for_test();
 
@@ -1323,8 +1516,8 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubQueue, NestedClearFromNotSentStillNotifiesVictims) {
 
   const uint8_t read_a[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01};
   const uint8_t read_b[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x01};
-  clearer.send_pdu(read_a);
-  victim.send_pdu(read_b);
+  clearer.queue_pdu(read_a);
+  victim.queue_pdu(read_b);
   ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 2u);
 
   hub.clear_tx_queue_for_address(0x02);  // clearer's on_not_sent clears address 0x03 in turn
@@ -1345,7 +1538,7 @@ class ResendSecondFrameDevice : public ModbusClientDevice {
     this->not_sent_count_++;
     if (this->not_sent_count_ == 1) {
       const uint8_t same_as_r2[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x22, 0x00, 0x01};
-      this->send_pdu(same_as_r2);
+      this->queue_pdu(same_as_r2);
     }
   }
   int not_sent_count_{0};
@@ -1360,8 +1553,8 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubQueue, SweepDedupSkipsDeletedFrames) {
 
   const uint8_t r1[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x21, 0x00, 0x01};
   const uint8_t r2[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x22, 0x00, 0x01};
-  device.send_pdu(r1);
-  device.send_pdu(r2);
+  device.queue_pdu(r1);
+  device.queue_pdu(r2);
   ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 2u);
 
   hub.clear_tx_queue_for_address(0x02);
@@ -1383,7 +1576,7 @@ class ResendAndClearOnNotSentDevice : public ModbusClientDevice {
   void on_not_sent(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) override {
     this->not_sent_count_++;
     const uint8_t again[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x70, 0x00, 0x01};
-    this->send_pdu(again);
+    this->queue_pdu(again);
     this->clear_tx_queue_for_address();
   }
   int not_sent_count_{0};
@@ -1397,7 +1590,7 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubQueue, ResendAndClearFromNotSentCannotExtendTheSweep) {
   ResendAndClearOnNotSentDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
 
   const uint8_t read[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x70, 0x00, 0x01};
-  device.send_pdu(read);
+  device.queue_pdu(read);
   hub.clear_tx_queue_for_address(0x02);
 
   hub.sweep_for_test();
@@ -1421,8 +1614,8 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubQueue, ClearDeviceQueueDropsSilently) {
 
   const uint8_t read_a[] = {0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02};
   const uint8_t read_b[] = {0x03, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02};
-  device.send_pdu(read_a);
-  device.send_pdu(read_b);
+  device.queue_pdu(read_a);
+  device.queue_pdu(read_b);
   ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 2u);
 
   device.clear_tx_queue_for_device();
@@ -1431,7 +1624,7 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubQueue, ClearDeviceQueueDropsSilently) {
   EXPECT_EQ(device.not_sent_count_, 0);  // silent drop: no terminal callback
 }
 
-// A send_pdu() from inside on_sent() enqueues behind the waiting frame rather than sending
+// A queue_pdu() from inside on_sent() enqueues behind the waiting frame rather than sending
 // immediately or corrupting the waiting transaction.
 TEST(ModbusClientHubSent, ReentrantSendFromOnSentQueues) {
   NullUART uart;
@@ -1440,7 +1633,7 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubSent, ReentrantSendFromOnSentQueues) {
   hub.setup();
   ChainOnSentDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
 
-  device.send_pdu(read_pdu());
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
   hub.send_next_for_test();  // first frame is sent -> on_sent chains a follow-up
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(hub.waiting());                     // first frame is waiting
@@ -1507,34 +1700,69 @@ class LegacyNameDevice : public ModbusClientDevice {
 #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
 }  // namespace
 
+// send_pdu() was renamed queue_pdu() because the call queues a request rather than transmitting one.
+// The old spelling stays for the deprecation window with the signature 2026.7.4 shipped - void, no
+// CommandOptions - so a component built against a real release still compiles and still queues.
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+TEST(ModbusClientHubCompat, DeprecatedSendPduStillQueues) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  RetryingDevice device(&hub, 0x02, /*retry=*/false);
+
+  const uint8_t read[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01};
+  device.send_pdu(read);  // deprecated device spelling: void, as 2026.7.4 shipped it
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
+
+  // A refusal is invisible to this spelling - no return value and no callback - so the only evidence
+  // is that nothing was queued. Reporting the refusal is exactly what moving to queue_pdu() buys.
+  device.send_pdu(std::span<const uint8_t>());
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
+
+  // The deprecated hub spelling queues the same way, addressed explicitly.
+  const uint8_t other[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x01};
+  hub.send_pdu(0x03, other, &device);
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 2u);
+
+  // Both frames resolve to the same owner. Drain them in turn: the device-spelling frame first (FIFO),
+  // then the hub-spelling frame - addressed to 0x03 yet owned by &device, so reaching device's
+  // on_no_response proves the request routes by owner pointer, not by address.
+  hub.force_send_next();
+  hub.timeout_waiting();
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.no_response_count_, 1);  // device-spelling frame (address 0x02)
+  hub.force_send_next();
+  hub.timeout_waiting();
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.no_response_count_, 2);  // hub-spelling frame (address 0x03, &device routing)
+}
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+
 TEST(ModbusClientHubCompat, LegacyCallbackNamesStillForward) {
   NoResponseProbeHub hub;
   LegacyNameDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
 
   const uint8_t read[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01};
-  device.send_pdu(read);
+  device.queue_pdu(read);
   hub.force_send_next();
   hub.timeout_waiting();  // no reply -> on_no_response -> forwards to on_modbus_no_response
   EXPECT_EQ(device.legacy_no_response_, 1);
 
   // A refused send returns false with no callback, so exercise the forward through an accepted
   // request instead: a cleared queue entry delivers on_not_sent(), which forwards to the old name.
-  EXPECT_FALSE(device.send_pdu(std::span<const uint8_t>()));  // empty PDU: refused at the door
+  EXPECT_FALSE(device.queue_pdu(std::span<const uint8_t>()));  // empty PDU: refused at the door
   EXPECT_EQ(device.legacy_not_sent_, 0);
   const uint8_t queued[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x11, 0x00, 0x01};
-  EXPECT_TRUE(device.send_pdu(queued));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device.queue_pdu(queued));
   hub.clear_tx_queue_for_address(0x02);
   hub.sweep_for_test();
   EXPECT_EQ(device.legacy_not_sent_, 1);
 }
 
-// The send_pdu() capacity bound: a PDU larger than MAX_PDU_SIZE would build a frame past the RTU
+// The queue_pdu() capacity bound: a PDU larger than MAX_PDU_SIZE would build a frame past the RTU
 // 256-byte limit, so it is refused up front - false at the call site, no entry, no callback.
 TEST(ModbusClientHub, OversizedPduIsRefusedAtTheDoor) {
   NoResponseProbeHub hub;
   LegacyNameDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
   std::vector<uint8_t> big(MAX_PDU_SIZE + 1, 0x41);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(device.send_pdu(big));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(device.queue_pdu(big));
   EXPECT_EQ(device.legacy_not_sent_, 0);  // refusals are returned, never delivered
   EXPECT_TRUE(hub.tx_buffer_empty());
   EXPECT_EQ(hub.entries(), 0u);
@@ -1568,7 +1796,7 @@ TEST(ModbusDeviceShim, LegacyCallbacksReceiveTheOldShapes) {
   // Read response: on_modbus_data() historically received the payload after the function code and
   // the byte-count byte, as an owning vector.
   const uint8_t read_req[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x02};
-  device.send_pdu(read_req);
+  device.queue_pdu(read_req);
   hub.force_send_next();
   const uint8_t response[] = {0x03, 0x04, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x01, 0x00};
   hub.receive_frame_for_test(0x02, response);
@@ -1577,14 +1805,14 @@ TEST(ModbusDeviceShim, LegacyCallbacksReceiveTheOldShapes) {
 
   // Write echo: no byte-count byte, so the payload is everything after the function code.
   const uint8_t write_req[] = {0x06, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x2A};
-  device.send_pdu(write_req);
+  device.queue_pdu(write_req);
   hub.force_send_next();
   hub.receive_frame_for_test(0x02, write_req);  // single-write responses echo the request
   const std::vector<uint8_t> expected_echo{0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x2A};
   EXPECT_EQ(device.last_data_, expected_echo);
 
   // Exception response: on_modbus_error() received the masked function code and the exception code.
-  device.send_pdu(read_req);
+  device.queue_pdu(read_req);
   hub.force_send_next();
   const uint8_t error[] = {0x83, 0x02};
   hub.receive_frame_for_test(0x02, error);
@@ -1675,9 +1903,9 @@ class ResendOnDataDevice : public ModbusClientDevice {
  public:
   ResendOnDataDevice(ModbusClientHub *hub, uint8_t address) : ModbusClientDevice(hub, address) {}
   void on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) override {
-    this->send_pdu(std::vector<uint8_t>(request_pdu.begin(), request_pdu.end()));
+    this->queue_pdu(std::vector<uint8_t>(request_pdu.begin(), request_pdu.end()));
   }
-  void send_pdu(const std::vector<uint8_t> &pdu) { ModbusClientDevice::send_pdu(pdu); }
+  void queue_pdu(const std::vector<uint8_t> &pdu) { ModbusClientDevice::queue_pdu(pdu); }
 };
 }  // namespace
 
@@ -1693,34 +1921,24 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, ResendFromOnResponseAbsorbsIntoCompletingCommand)
   const uint8_t ok_response[] = {0x03, 0x04, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x01, 0x00};
   hub.receive_frame_for_test(0x02, ok_response);  // handler re-sends the identical frame mid-completion
 
-  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);      // absorbed into the same entry, not a fresh twin
-  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.queued(0).continuous);  // the one-shot re-send downgraded the poll
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);              // absorbed into the same entry, not a fresh twin
+  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.queued(0).options.continuous);  // the one-shot re-send downgraded the poll
 }
 
-// An exception-flagged function code is never silently re-sendable, even though the read check
-// masks the exception bit: its duplicate takes the drop path like any other non-read.
-TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, ExceptionFlaggedDuplicateDroppedNotPromoted) {
+// The exception bit marks a response, so a request carrying it is refused outright.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, ExceptionFlaggedPduRefused) {
   NoResponseProbeHub hub;
   SentCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
 
-  const uint8_t weird[] = {0x83, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02};  // read-shaped but exception-flagged
-  EXPECT_TRUE(device.send_pdu(weird));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(device.send_pdu(weird));  // non-requeueable: cap of one, so the duplicate is refused
+  // The 0x80 exception flag is a response-only bit; a request must never set it. queue_pdu refuses an
+  // exception-flagged PDU up front - nothing is queued - whether its base code reads (0x83 = 0x03 | 0x80)
+  // or writes (0x86 = 0x06 | 0x80).
+  const uint8_t read_shaped[] = {0x83, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02};
+  const uint8_t write_shaped[] = {0x86, 0x00, 0x10, 0xBE, 0xEF};
+  EXPECT_FALSE(device.queue_pdu(read_shaped));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(device.queue_pdu(write_shaped));
   hub.sweep_for_test();
-
-  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
-  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued(0).pending, 1u);
-  EXPECT_EQ(device.not_sent_count_, 0);
-
-  // The write-shaped twin (0x86 masks to WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER) must not take WRITE-class
-  // ordering either: exception-flagged codes are excluded from the mutates classification.
-  const uint8_t weird_write[] = {0x86, 0x00, 0x10, 0xBE, 0xEF};
-  device.send_pdu(weird_write);
-  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 2u);
-  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued(1).priority(), CommandPriority::READ);  // not WRITE
-  const ModbusDeviceCommand *next = hub.next_ready();
-  ASSERT_NE(next, nullptr);
-  EXPECT_EQ(next->frame.pdu()[0], 0x83);  // FIFO by age: it did not jump the older entry
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 0u);
 }
 
 namespace {
@@ -1732,7 +1950,7 @@ class ResendInFlightOnNotSentDevice : public ModbusClientDevice {
     this->not_sent_count_++;
     if (this->not_sent_count_ == 1) {
       const uint8_t same_as_waiting[] = {0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02};  // == READ_PDU
-      this->send_pdu(same_as_waiting);
+      this->queue_pdu(same_as_waiting);
     }
   }
   int not_sent_count_{0};
@@ -1746,10 +1964,10 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubQueue, SweepResendAfterClearQueuesFreshNotAbsorbedIntoShell)
   NoResponseProbeHub hub;
   ResendInFlightOnNotSentDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
 
-  device.send_pdu(read_pdu());
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
   hub.force_send_next();  // READ_PDU now waiting
   const uint8_t queued_read[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01};
-  device.send_pdu(queued_read);  // a queued frame for the sweep to notify
+  device.queue_pdu(queued_read);  // a queued frame for the sweep to notify
   ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
 
   hub.clear_tx_queue_for_address(0x02);
@@ -1787,7 +2005,7 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubNoResponse, SelfClearFromNoResponseDoesNotDoubleResolve) {
   NoResponseProbeHub hub;
   ClearAddressOnNoResponseDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
 
-  device.send_pdu(read_pdu());
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
   hub.force_send_next();
   hub.timeout_waiting();
 
@@ -1802,8 +2020,8 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubNoResponse, SelfClearFromNoResponseResolvesTheAbsorbedReques
   NoResponseProbeHub hub;
   ClearAddressOnNoResponseDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
 
-  EXPECT_TRUE(device.send_pdu(read_pdu()));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(device.send_pdu(read_pdu()));  // absorbed: one entry, two requests
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device.queue_pdu(read_pdu()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device.queue_pdu(read_pdu()));  // absorbed: one entry, two requests
   hub.force_send_next();
   hub.timeout_waiting();
 
@@ -1818,7 +2036,7 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubQueue, ClearedShellReleasesTheBusOnLateResponse) {
   NoResponseProbeHub hub;
   DataCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
 
-  device.send_pdu(read_pdu());
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
   hub.force_send_next();
   hub.clear_tx_queue_for_address(0x02);
   ASSERT_EQ(hub.waiting_command().state, FrameState::WAITING_RETIRED);
@@ -1836,7 +2054,7 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubQueue, ClearedShellReleasesTheBusOnTimeout) {
   NoResponseProbeHub hub;
   DataCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
 
-  device.send_pdu(read_pdu());
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
   hub.force_send_next();
   hub.clear_tx_queue_for_address(0x02);
   ASSERT_EQ(hub.waiting_command().state, FrameState::WAITING_RETIRED);
@@ -1856,7 +2074,7 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubQueue, ClearInterruptedFrameGetsNoResponseAtTimeout) {
   NoResponseProbeHub hub;
   DataCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);  // declines the retry (retries_ == 0)
 
-  device.send_pdu(read_pdu());
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
   hub.force_send_next();
   const uint8_t stray_pdu[] = {0x03, 0x04, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x01, 0x00};
   hub.receive_frame_for_test(0x07, stray_pdu);  // wrong address: interrupts the transaction
@@ -1887,7 +2105,7 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubQueue, InterruptAfterClearStillDistrusts) {
   NoResponseProbeHub hub;
   DataCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
 
-  device.send_pdu(read_pdu());
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
   hub.force_send_next();
   hub.clear_tx_queue_for_address(0x02);
   ASSERT_EQ(hub.waiting_command().state, FrameState::WAITING_RETIRED);
@@ -1912,8 +2130,8 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubQueue, ClearedInFlightDuplicateTimesOutWithoutRerunning) {
   NoResponseProbeHub hub;
   DataCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
 
-  device.send_pdu(read_pdu());
-  device.send_pdu(read_pdu());  // absorbed: one entry, pending 2
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());  // absorbed: one entry, pending 2
   ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued(0).pending, 2u);
   hub.force_send_next();  // sent, pending still 2
   hub.clear_tx_queue_for_address(0x02);
@@ -1936,9 +2154,9 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubCallbackCount, AbsorbedRequestRunsAfterErrorResponse) {
   hub.setup();
   DataCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
 
-  device.send_pdu(read_pdu());
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
   hub.force_send_next();
-  device.send_pdu(read_pdu());  // waiting duplicate: absorbed
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());  // waiting duplicate: absorbed
   const uint8_t exception_response[] = {0x83, 0x02};
   hub.receive_frame_for_test(0x02, exception_response);  // error terminal for request 1
 
@@ -1954,8 +2172,8 @@ TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, ReadModifyWritesRankAsWrites) {
 
   const uint8_t read[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01};
   const uint8_t mask_write[] = {0x16, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x01};
-  device.send_pdu(read);
-  device.send_pdu(mask_write);
+  device.queue_pdu(read);
+  device.queue_pdu(mask_write);
 
   ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 2u);
   const ModbusDeviceCommand *next = hub.next_ready();
diff --git a/tests/components/modbus/modbus_framing_test.cpp b/tests/components/modbus/modbus_framing_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a102db5a51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/modbus/modbus_framing_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "common.h"
+#include "esphome/components/modbus/modbus.h"
+
+namespace esphome::modbus::testing {
+
+namespace {
+
+// Exposes the timing values setup() derives from the UART framing.
+class FramingProbeHub : public ModbusClientHub {
+ public:
+  uint32_t bits_per_char() const { return this->bits_per_char_; }
+  uint32_t frame_delay_us() const { return this->frame_delay_us_; }
+};
+
+class FramedUART : public NullUART {
+ public:
+  FramedUART(uint32_t baud_rate, uint8_t data_bits, uint8_t stop_bits, uart::UARTParityOptions parity) {
+    this->set_baud_rate(baud_rate);
+    this->set_data_bits(data_bits);
+    this->set_stop_bits(stop_bits);
+    this->set_parity(parity);
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// 8N1 is 10 bits on the wire, so t3.5 at 9600 baud is 3.5 * 10 / 9600 = 3645.8us.
+TEST(ModbusFraming, EightNoneOneDerivesTenBits) {
+  FramedUART uart(9600, 8, 1, uart::UART_CONFIG_PARITY_NONE);
+  FramingProbeHub hub;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+  hub.setup();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.bits_per_char(), 10u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.frame_delay_us(), 3646u);
+}
+
+// Spec-conformant RTU framing is 11 bits, which lengthens the interframe gap to
+// 3.5 * 11 / 9600 = 4010.4us, rounded up.
+TEST(ModbusFraming, EightEvenOneDerivesElevenBits) {
+  FramedUART uart(9600, 8, 1, uart::UART_CONFIG_PARITY_EVEN);
+  FramingProbeHub hub;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+  hub.setup();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.bits_per_char(), 11u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.frame_delay_us(), 4011u);
+}
+
+// Above 19200 baud the spec's fixed 1750us floor governs instead of 3.5 characters.
+TEST(ModbusFraming, FastBaudUsesSpecFloor) {
+  FramedUART uart(115200, 8, 1, uart::UART_CONFIG_PARITY_NONE);
+  FramingProbeHub hub;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+  hub.setup();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.frame_delay_us(), 1750u);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::modbus::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/modbus/modbus_helpers_test.cpp b/tests/components/modbus/modbus_helpers_test.cpp
index 553ec163b2..a42625760d 100644
--- a/tests/components/modbus/modbus_helpers_test.cpp
+++ b/tests/components/modbus/modbus_helpers_test.cpp
@@ -63,6 +63,12 @@ TEST(ModbusClientFrameLength, TooShortReturnsMinimum) {
   EXPECT_EQ(client_frame_length(frame, 1), MIN_FRAME_SIZE);
 }
 
+TEST(ModbusClientFrameLength, ExceptionFlaggedIsTheExceptionShape) {
+  // Sized at 2 so an exception-flagged request fails its CRC at once instead of being scanned for.
+  const uint8_t exception_request[] = {0x83, 0x02};
+  EXPECT_EQ(client_pdu_length(exception_request, sizeof(exception_request)), 2);
+}
+
 TEST(ModbusClientFrameLength, ReadAndWriteSingleAreFixed) {
   // basic_register request fixture is a read-holding request -> 8 bytes
   const uint8_t read[] = {0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x01, 0x74, 0x0A};
@@ -92,6 +98,18 @@ TEST(ModbusClientFrameLength, ReadWriteMultipleByteCountCappedAtSpecLimit) {
   EXPECT_EQ(client_pdu_length(pdu, sizeof(pdu)), 10 + MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE_RW * 2);
 }
 
+TEST(ModbusClientFrameLength, ReadWriteMultipleUsesByteCount) {
+  // read start(2) + read qty(2) + write start(2) + write qty(2) + byte count(1) then data
+  const uint8_t frame[] = {0x01, 0x17, 0x9C, 0xB9, 0x00, 0x02, 0x9C, 0x41, 0x00, 0x02, 0x04, 0xAA, 0xBB, 0xCC, 0xDD};
+  EXPECT_EQ(client_frame_length(frame, sizeof(frame)), 13 + 4);
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusClientFrameLength, ReadWriteMultipleMissingByteCount) {
+  // header present up to the write quantity but the byte count byte (frame[10]) is absent
+  const uint8_t frame[] = {0x01, 0x17, 0x9C, 0xB9, 0x00, 0x02, 0x9C, 0x41, 0x00, 0x02};
+  EXPECT_EQ(client_frame_length(frame, sizeof(frame)), 13);
+}
+
 TEST(ModbusClientFrameLength, WriteMultipleMissingByteCount) {
   const uint8_t frame[] = {0x01, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02};
   EXPECT_EQ(client_frame_length(frame, sizeof(frame)), 9);
@@ -409,11 +427,146 @@ TEST(ModbusHelpersTest, RegistersToNumberMatchesPayloadToNumber) {
   }
 }
 
+TEST(ModbusHelpersTest, RegistersToNumberMatchesPayloadToNumberForQwords) {
+  // The word shuffle the QWORD_R decode replaces is the least obvious code in the byte path, so pin
+  // it against that path rather than against registers_to_value(). The top bit is set, which is where
+  // U_QWORD's unsigned value and this function's int64_t return deliberately diverge.
+  const uint16_t registers[] = {0xF123, 0x4567, 0x89AB, 0xCDEF};
+  const std::vector<uint8_t> bytes{0xF1, 0x23, 0x45, 0x67, 0x89, 0xAB, 0xCD, 0xEF};
+  for (auto value_type :
+       {SensorValueType::U_QWORD, SensorValueType::S_QWORD, SensorValueType::U_QWORD_R, SensorValueType::S_QWORD_R}) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(registers_to_number(registers, 4, value_type),
+              payload_to_number(std::span<const uint8_t>(bytes), value_type, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF))
+        << "value_type=" << static_cast<int>(value_type);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusHelpersTest, RegistersToNumberTreatsRawAndBitAsNothingToDecode) {
+  // Both have no fixed-width number, so they decode to 0 whatever the span holds - including none.
+  const uint16_t registers[] = {0x1234};
+  EXPECT_EQ(registers_to_number(registers, 1, SensorValueType::RAW), std::optional<int64_t>(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(registers_to_number(registers, 0, SensorValueType::RAW), std::optional<int64_t>(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(registers_to_number(registers, 0, SensorValueType::BIT), std::optional<int64_t>(0));
+}
+
 TEST(ModbusHelpersTest, RegistersToNumberRejectsTruncatedMultiRegisterValue) {
   const uint16_t registers[] = {0x1234};
   EXPECT_FALSE(registers_to_number(registers, 1, SensorValueType::U_DWORD).has_value());
 }
 
+// --- registers_to_value ----------------------------------------------------
+// registers_to_number() dispatches to registers_to_value(), so this checks the dispatch table picks
+// the right specialisation for each type, not that two implementations agree. The independent check
+// against the byte decoder is RegistersToNumberMatchesPayloadToNumber below.
+
+template<SensorValueType VALUE_TYPE> void expect_matches_registers_to_number(const uint16_t *registers) {
+  const auto expected = registers_to_number(registers, register_width_for(VALUE_TYPE), VALUE_TYPE);
+  // Plain control flow rather than ASSERT_TRUE: the optional analysis does not see through the macro.
+  if (!expected.has_value()) {
+    ADD_FAILURE() << "registers_to_number() returned no value for value_type=" << static_cast<int>(VALUE_TYPE);
+    return;
+  }
+  const int64_t number = expected.value();
+  if constexpr (VALUE_TYPE == SensorValueType::FP32 || VALUE_TYPE == SensorValueType::FP32_R) {
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(registers_to_value<VALUE_TYPE>(registers), bit_cast<float>(static_cast<uint32_t>(number)))
+        << "value_type=" << static_cast<int>(VALUE_TYPE);
+  } else {
+    EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<int64_t>(registers_to_value<VALUE_TYPE>(registers)), number)
+        << "value_type=" << static_cast<int>(VALUE_TYPE);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusHelpersTest, RegistersToValueMatchesRegistersToNumber) {
+  // A high bit in each word exercises sign handling and word order together.
+  const uint16_t registers[] = {0x8001, 0xFE02};
+  expect_matches_registers_to_number<SensorValueType::U_WORD>(registers);
+  expect_matches_registers_to_number<SensorValueType::S_WORD>(registers);
+  expect_matches_registers_to_number<SensorValueType::U_WORD_S>(registers);
+  expect_matches_registers_to_number<SensorValueType::S_WORD_S>(registers);
+  expect_matches_registers_to_number<SensorValueType::U_DWORD>(registers);
+  expect_matches_registers_to_number<SensorValueType::U_DWORD_R>(registers);
+  expect_matches_registers_to_number<SensorValueType::S_DWORD>(registers);
+  expect_matches_registers_to_number<SensorValueType::S_DWORD_R>(registers);
+  expect_matches_registers_to_number<SensorValueType::FP32>(registers);
+  expect_matches_registers_to_number<SensorValueType::FP32_R>(registers);
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusHelpersTest, RegistersToUint32CombinesWordsHighFirst) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(registers_to_uint32(0x1234, 0x5678), 0x12345678u);
+}
+
+// --- value_at ---------------------------------------------------------------
+// Addresses are absolute; anything not wholly inside the response yields nullopt.
+
+TEST(ModbusHelpersTest, ValueAtDecodesByAbsoluteAddress) {
+  const uint16_t registers[] = {0x1111, 0x2222, 0x3333};
+  const std::span<const uint16_t> span(registers, 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(value_at<SensorValueType::U_WORD>(span, 100, 100), std::optional<uint16_t>(0x1111));
+  EXPECT_EQ(value_at<SensorValueType::U_WORD>(span, 100, 102), std::optional<uint16_t>(0x3333));
+  EXPECT_EQ(value_at<SensorValueType::U_DWORD>(span, 100, 101), std::optional<uint32_t>(0x22223333u));
+  // Types whose RegisterValueType<> is not an unsigned integer, and the widest bounds check.
+  const uint16_t floats[] = {0x4048, 0xF5C3, 0xF5C3, 0x4048};
+  const std::span<const uint16_t> float_span(floats, 4);
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(value_at<SensorValueType::FP32>(float_span, 10, 10).value_or(0.0f), 3.14f);
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(value_at<SensorValueType::FP32_R>(float_span, 10, 12).value_or(0.0f), 3.14f);
+  EXPECT_EQ(value_at<SensorValueType::U_QWORD>(float_span, 10, 10), std::optional<uint64_t>(0x4048F5C3F5C34048ULL));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(value_at<SensorValueType::U_QWORD>(float_span, 10, 11).has_value());
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusHelpersTest, ValueAtIsUsableInAConstantExpression) {
+  static constexpr uint16_t REGISTERS[] = {0x1234, 0x5678};
+  static_assert(value_at<SensorValueType::U_DWORD>(REGISTERS, 7, 7).value_or(0) == 0x12345678u);
+  static_assert(!value_at<SensorValueType::U_DWORD>(REGISTERS, 7, 6).has_value());
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusHelpersTest, ValueAtRejectsAddressesOutsideTheResponse) {
+  const uint16_t registers[] = {0x1111, 0x2222, 0x3333};
+  const std::span<const uint16_t> span(registers, 3);
+  // Below the response: must not wrap when the subtraction would go negative.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(value_at<SensorValueType::U_WORD>(span, 100, 99).has_value());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(value_at<SensorValueType::U_WORD>(span, 100, 0).has_value());
+  // Past the end, and a multi-register value truncated by the end of the response.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(value_at<SensorValueType::U_WORD>(span, 100, 103).has_value());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(value_at<SensorValueType::U_DWORD>(span, 100, 102).has_value());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(value_at<SensorValueType::U_DWORD>(span, 100, 101).has_value());
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusHelpersTest, ValueAtHandlesAnEmptyResponse) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(value_at<SensorValueType::U_WORD>(std::span<const uint16_t>(), 0, 0).has_value());
+}
+
+// --- QWORD decoding ---------------------------------------------------------
+
+TEST(ModbusHelpersTest, RegistersToValueDecodesQwordBothWordOrders) {
+  const uint16_t registers[] = {0x0123, 0x4567, 0x89AB, 0xCDEF};
+  EXPECT_EQ(registers_to_value<SensorValueType::U_QWORD>(registers), 0x0123456789ABCDEFULL);
+  const uint16_t reversed[] = {0xCDEF, 0x89AB, 0x4567, 0x0123};
+  EXPECT_EQ(registers_to_value<SensorValueType::U_QWORD_R>(reversed), 0x0123456789ABCDEFULL);
+  // Signed reading of the same bits, and the sign-extreme case.
+  EXPECT_EQ(registers_to_value<SensorValueType::S_QWORD>(registers), 0x0123456789ABCDEFLL);
+  const uint16_t negative[] = {0xFFFF, 0xFFFF, 0xFFFF, 0xFFFE};
+  EXPECT_EQ(registers_to_value<SensorValueType::S_QWORD>(negative), -2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(registers_to_value<SensorValueType::U_QWORD>(negative), 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEULL);
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusHelpersTest, RegistersToUint64CombinesWordsHighFirst) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(registers_to_uint64(0x0123, 0x4567, 0x89AB, 0xCDEF), 0x0123456789ABCDEFULL);
+}
+
+// --- packed bit helpers ------------------------------------------------------
+
+TEST(ModbusHelpersTest, PackBitsAppendsToContainer) {
+  // Bits are packed LSB first: the first value is bit 0 of the first byte, and the push_back
+  // overload appends packed bytes onto a growable container preserving existing content.
+  std::vector<bool> bits{true, false, true, true, false, false, false, false, true, true};
+  std::vector<uint8_t> out{0x55};  // pre-existing content must be preserved
+  pack_bits(out, bits);
+  ASSERT_EQ(out.size(), 3u);  // leading byte + 2 packed bytes (10 bits)
+  EXPECT_EQ(out[0], 0x55);
+  EXPECT_EQ(out[1], 0x0D);  // 0b00001101
+  EXPECT_EQ(out[2], 0x03);  // bits 8 and 9 -> bits 0,1 of second byte
+}
+
 // --- typed builders ----------------------------------------------------------
 
 TEST(ModbusTypedBuilders, ReadPduWireBytes) {
@@ -457,6 +610,93 @@ TEST(ModbusTypedBuilders, WriteRegistersPduRejectsOverLimit) {
   EXPECT_FALSE(create_write_registers_pdu(0x0000, values).empty());
 }
 
+TEST(ModbusTypedBuilders, WriteFewRegistersPduMatchesFullSizeBuilder) {
+  static_assert(sizeof(WriteFewRegistersPdu) < sizeof(PduBuffer) / 4,
+                "WriteFewRegistersPdu must be meaningfully smaller");
+  const uint16_t values[] = {0x000B, 0x0016, 0xABCD, 0xFF00};
+  for (size_t count = 1; count <= MAX_FEW_REGISTERS; count++) {
+    auto small = create_write_few_registers_pdu(0x0102, std::span<const uint16_t>(values, count));
+    auto full = create_write_registers_pdu(0x0102, std::span<const uint16_t>(values, count));
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::vector<uint8_t>(small.begin(), small.end()), std::vector<uint8_t>(full.begin(), full.end()))
+        << count << " registers";
+    EXPECT_EQ(small.size(), 6u + 2 * count);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(is_client_pdu_standard(small.data(), small.size()));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusTypedBuilders, WriteFewRegistersPduRejectsInvalidInput) {
+  const uint16_t values[MAX_FEW_REGISTERS + 1] = {0xAAAA, 0xAAAA, 0xAAAA, 0xAAAA, 0xAAAA};
+  EXPECT_TRUE(create_write_few_registers_pdu(0x0000, values).empty());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(create_write_few_registers_pdu(0x0000, std::span<const uint16_t>(values, MAX_FEW_REGISTERS)).empty());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(create_write_few_registers_pdu(0x0000, std::span<const uint16_t>()).empty());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(create_write_few_registers_pdu(0xFFFF, std::span<const uint16_t>(values, 2)).empty());
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusTypedBuilders, ReadWriteMultipleRegistersPduWireBytes) {
+  const uint16_t write_values[] = {0x000B, 0x0016};
+  // Read 2 registers at 0x0010, write 2 registers at 0x0020.
+  auto pdu = create_read_write_multiple_registers_pdu(0x0010, 2, 0x0020, write_values);
+  const std::vector<uint8_t> expected{0x17, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x20,
+                                      0x00, 0x02, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x16};
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::vector<uint8_t>(pdu.begin(), pdu.end()), expected);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_client_pdu_standard(pdu.data(), pdu.size()));
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusTypedBuilders, ReadWriteMultipleRegistersPduRejectsOutOfRange) {
+  const uint16_t one_value[] = {0x0001};
+  const uint16_t two_values[] = {0x0001, 0x0002};
+  // Read count out of range (zero and above the read ceiling).
+  EXPECT_TRUE(create_read_write_multiple_registers_pdu(0x0000, 0, 0x0020, one_value).empty());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      create_read_write_multiple_registers_pdu(0x0000, MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ + 1, 0x0020, one_value).empty());
+  // Write count out of range (empty, and above the read/write ceiling which is lower than a plain write).
+  EXPECT_TRUE(create_read_write_multiple_registers_pdu(0x0000, 1, 0x0020, std::span<const uint16_t>()).empty());
+  std::vector<uint16_t> too_many(MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE_RW + 1, 0xAAAA);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(create_read_write_multiple_registers_pdu(0x0000, 1, 0x0020, too_many).empty());
+  // Both blocks at their respective ceilings are accepted.
+  std::vector<uint16_t> at_write_limit(MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE_RW, 0xAAAA);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      create_read_write_multiple_registers_pdu(0x0000, MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ, 0x0020, at_write_limit).empty());
+  // A block that runs past the 16-bit address space is refused (read block, then write block).
+  EXPECT_TRUE(create_read_write_multiple_registers_pdu(0xFFFF, 2, 0x0020, one_value).empty());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(create_read_write_multiple_registers_pdu(0x0000, 2, 0xFFFF, two_values).empty());
+  // Accept boundary: a block ending exactly at 0x10000 (last register 0xFFFF) still fits.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(create_read_write_multiple_registers_pdu(0xFFFE, 2, 0x0000, one_value).empty());  // read ends at 0x10000
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      create_read_write_multiple_registers_pdu(0x0000, 1, 0xFFFF, one_value).empty());  // write ends at 0x10000
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusFunctionCodeClass, ReadWriteMultipleCountsAsBothReadAndWrite) {
+  const auto rw = static_cast<uint8_t>(FC::READ_WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS);
+  // 0x17 both reads and writes, but it is not a pure (retry-safe) read.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_function_code_read(rw));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_function_code_write(rw));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(is_function_code_read_only(rw));
+  // Pure reads are read and read-only, never write.
+  const auto rd = static_cast<uint8_t>(FC::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_function_code_read(rd));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_function_code_read_only(rd));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(is_function_code_write(rd));
+  // Plain writes are write only.
+  const auto wr = static_cast<uint8_t>(FC::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_function_code_write(wr));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(is_function_code_read(wr));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(is_function_code_read_only(wr));
+  // Mask-write register mutates via read-modify-write, so it classes as a write, never a read.
+  const auto mask = static_cast<uint8_t>(FC::MASK_WRITE_REGISTER);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_function_code_write(mask));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(is_function_code_read(mask));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(is_function_code_read_only(mask));
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusCreateClientPdu, ReadWriteMultipleReturnsEmpty) {
+  // The generic builder cannot express 0x17's two blocks; callers use the dedicated builder instead.
+  const uint16_t values[] = {0x0001};
+  EXPECT_TRUE(create_client_pdu(FC::READ_WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS, 0x0000, 1, reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(values),
+                                sizeof(values))
+                  .empty());
+}
+
 TEST(ModbusTypedBuilders, FloatToPayloadAppendsToExistingContent) {
   // The container overload appends - the semantic every migrated caller relies on when a lambda
   // has already put words into the buffer.
diff --git a/tests/components/modbus/modbus_server_coils_test.cpp b/tests/components/modbus/modbus_server_coils_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e4bf3f6b14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/modbus/modbus_server_coils_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,398 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <span>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "common.h"
+#include "esphome/components/modbus/modbus.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+
+namespace esphome::modbus {
+
+namespace {
+
+// A server device backed by a small coil array: reads deliver the stored bits, writes apply them.
+class CoilDevice : public ModbusServerDevice {
+ public:
+  explicit CoilDevice(uint8_t address) { this->set_address(address); }
+
+  ResponseStatus on_read_coils(uint16_t start_address, MutablePackedBits bits) override {
+    this->read_count++;
+    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < bits.size(); i++)
+      bits.set(i, this->coils[start_address + i]);
+    return std::nullopt;
+  }
+
+  ResponseStatus on_write_coils(uint16_t start_address, PackedBits bits) override {
+    this->write_count++;
+    this->last_write_count = bits.size();
+    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < bits.size(); i++)
+      this->coils[start_address + i] = bits[i];
+    return std::nullopt;
+  }
+
+  bool coils[32] = {};
+  int read_count{0};
+  int write_count{0};
+  uint16_t last_write_count{0};
+};
+
+// A device with no bit handlers, to exercise the ILLEGAL_FUNCTION defaults.
+class NoBitsDevice : public ModbusServerDevice {
+ public:
+  explicit NoBitsDevice(uint8_t address) { this->set_address(address); }
+};
+
+// Distinguishes the two bit-read entry points: each fills a different pattern and counts its calls, so a
+// test can prove FC 0x01 vs 0x02 dispatch routes to the right handler (and not merely that bits came back).
+class DualReadDevice : public ModbusServerDevice {
+ public:
+  explicit DualReadDevice(uint8_t address) { this->set_address(address); }
+
+  ResponseStatus on_read_coils(uint16_t start_address, MutablePackedBits bits) override {
+    this->coil_reads++;
+    bits.set(0, true);  // pattern 0x01
+    return std::nullopt;
+  }
+  ResponseStatus on_read_discrete_inputs(uint16_t start_address, MutablePackedBits bits) override {
+    this->discrete_reads++;
+    bits.set(1, true);  // pattern 0x02
+    return std::nullopt;
+  }
+
+  int coil_reads{0};
+  int discrete_reads{0};
+};
+
+// Overrides only on_read_bits() - the shared fallback the header documents that on_read_coils() and
+// on_read_discrete_inputs() default to. Both FC 0x01 and FC 0x02 must reach it.
+class BitsOnlyDevice : public ModbusServerDevice {
+ public:
+  explicit BitsOnlyDevice(uint8_t address) { this->set_address(address); }
+  ResponseStatus on_read_bits(uint16_t start_address, MutablePackedBits bits) override {
+    this->calls++;
+    bits.set(0, true);  // set bit 0 so the response proves the fallback ran
+    return std::nullopt;
+  }
+  int calls{0};
+};
+
+using testing::RecordingUART;
+
+// Exposes the client-frame parser so a fully CRC-framed request can be pushed through the hub.
+class TestServerHub : public ModbusServerHub {
+ public:
+  bool tx_blocked() override { return false; }
+
+  void prime_send_timestamps_for_test() {
+    uint32_t now = millis();
+    this->last_modbus_byte_ = now;
+    this->last_send_ = now;
+  }
+
+  bool process_full_client_frame_for_test(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, const uint8_t *pdu_data,
+                                          size_t pdu_data_len) {
+    this->rx_buffer_.clear();
+    this->rx_buffer_.reserve(pdu_data_len + 4);
+    this->rx_buffer_.push_back(address);
+    this->rx_buffer_.push_back(function_code);
+    this->rx_buffer_.insert(this->rx_buffer_.end(), pdu_data, pdu_data + pdu_data_len);
+    uint16_t crc = crc16(this->rx_buffer_.data(), this->rx_buffer_.size());
+    this->rx_buffer_.push_back(crc & 0xFF);
+    this->rx_buffer_.push_back(crc >> 8);
+    return this->parse_modbus_client_frame_();
+  }
+};
+
+struct CoilFixture {
+  CoilFixture() {
+    hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+    hub.prime_send_timestamps_for_test();
+    hub.register_device(&device);
+  }
+  TestServerHub hub;
+  RecordingUART uart;
+  CoilDevice device{0x02};
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// A coil read returns byte count + packed bits, set by the handler directly in the response buffer.
+TEST(ModbusServerCoils, ReadCoilsReturnsPackedBits) {
+  CoilFixture f;
+  f.device.coils[0] = true;
+  f.device.coils[2] = true;
+  f.device.coils[3] = true;
+  f.device.coils[9] = true;
+
+  // FC 0x01: start 0x0000, quantity 10 -> 2 packed bytes
+  const uint8_t pdu_data[] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0A};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(f.hub.process_full_client_frame_for_test(0x02, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::READ_COILS), pdu_data,
+                                                       sizeof(pdu_data)));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.device.read_count, 1);
+  // Response: address(1) + fc(1) + byte count(1) + packed(2) + CRC(2)
+  ASSERT_EQ(f.uart.written.size(), 7u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.uart.written[0], 0x02);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.uart.written[1], static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::READ_COILS));
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.uart.written[2], 2u);    // byte count
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.uart.written[3], 0x0D);  // coils 0,2,3
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.uart.written[4], 0x02);  // coil 9 -> bit 1 of byte 1
+}
+
+// A device overriding only on_read_bits() - the documented fallback - still serves both FC 0x01 (coils)
+// and FC 0x02 (discrete inputs), since on_read_coils()/on_read_discrete_inputs() default to it.
+TEST(ModbusServerCoils, ReadBitsFallbackServesBothCoilsAndDiscreteInputs) {
+  TestServerHub hub;
+  RecordingUART uart;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+  hub.prime_send_timestamps_for_test();
+  BitsOnlyDevice device{0x05};
+  hub.register_device(&device);
+
+  const uint8_t pdu_data[] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01};  // start 0x0000, quantity 1
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.process_full_client_frame_for_test(0x05, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::READ_COILS), pdu_data,
+                                                     sizeof(pdu_data)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.calls, 1);
+  // address(1) + fc(1) + byte count(1) + packed(1) + CRC(2); bit 0 set -> 0x01
+  ASSERT_EQ(uart.written.size(), 6u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(uart.written[1], static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::READ_COILS));
+  EXPECT_EQ(uart.written[3], 0x01);
+
+  uart.written.clear();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.process_full_client_frame_for_test(0x05, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS),
+                                                     pdu_data, sizeof(pdu_data)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.calls, 2);
+  ASSERT_EQ(uart.written.size(), 6u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(uart.written[1], static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS));
+  EXPECT_EQ(uart.written[3], 0x01);
+}
+
+// A multiple-coil write hands the handler the packed wire bytes and echoes the request header.
+TEST(ModbusServerCoils, WriteMultipleCoilsAppliesPackedBits) {
+  CoilFixture f;
+
+  // FC 0x0F: start 0x0000, quantity 10, byte count 2, packed values 0x0D 0x02
+  const uint8_t pdu_data[] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x02, 0x0D, 0x02};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(f.hub.process_full_client_frame_for_test(0x02, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS),
+                                                       pdu_data, sizeof(pdu_data)));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.device.write_count, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.device.last_write_count, 10u);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(f.device.coils[0]);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(f.device.coils[1]);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(f.device.coils[2]);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(f.device.coils[3]);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(f.device.coils[9]);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(f.device.coils[10]);
+  // Response echoes start address + quantity: address(1) + fc(1) + start(2) + quantity(2) + CRC(2)
+  ASSERT_EQ(f.uart.written.size(), 8u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.uart.written[1], static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS));
+}
+
+// A single-coil write (FC 0x05) is normalized to a one-bit packed buffer.
+TEST(ModbusServerCoils, WriteSingleCoilNormalizedToOneBit) {
+  CoilFixture f;
+
+  const uint8_t pdu_on[] = {0x00, 0x03, 0xFF, 0x00};  // coil 3 ON
+  ASSERT_TRUE(f.hub.process_full_client_frame_for_test(0x02, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL),
+                                                       pdu_on, sizeof(pdu_on)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.device.last_write_count, 1u);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(f.device.coils[3]);
+
+  f.uart.written.clear();
+  f.hub.prime_send_timestamps_for_test();
+  const uint8_t pdu_off[] = {0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00};  // coil 3 OFF
+  ASSERT_TRUE(f.hub.process_full_client_frame_for_test(0x02, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL),
+                                                       pdu_off, sizeof(pdu_off)));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(f.device.coils[3]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.device.write_count, 2);
+}
+
+// An invalid single-coil value (not 0xFF00/0x0000) is rejected with ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE, no write.
+TEST(ModbusServerCoils, InvalidSingleCoilValueRejected) {
+  CoilFixture f;
+
+  const uint8_t pdu_data[] = {0x00, 0x03, 0x12, 0x34};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(f.hub.process_full_client_frame_for_test(0x02, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL),
+                                                       pdu_data, sizeof(pdu_data)));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.device.write_count, 0);
+  ASSERT_EQ(f.uart.written.size(), 5u);  // one exception frame
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.uart.written[1], static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL) | 0x80);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.uart.written[2], static_cast<uint8_t>(ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE));
+}
+
+// Read quantity validation lives in the shared read-request parser, so the register and bit reads cannot
+// drift apart. These pin both ends of the range for coils; the register case below pins that the same
+// parser is on that path too.
+TEST(ModbusServerCoils, ZeroCoilReadQuantityRejected) {
+  CoilFixture f;
+
+  // FC 0x01: start 0x0000, quantity 0 - a read of nothing is out of spec.
+  const uint8_t pdu_data[] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(f.hub.process_full_client_frame_for_test(0x02, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::READ_COILS), pdu_data,
+                                                       sizeof(pdu_data)));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.device.read_count, 0);
+  ASSERT_EQ(f.uart.written.size(), 5u);  // one exception frame
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.uart.written[1], static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::READ_COILS) | 0x80);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.uart.written[2], static_cast<uint8_t>(ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE));
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusServerCoils, OverLimitCoilReadQuantityRejected) {
+  CoilFixture f;
+
+  // One past MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_READ (2000 = 0x07D0), which no frame could carry anyway.
+  const uint8_t pdu_data[] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0xD1};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(f.hub.process_full_client_frame_for_test(0x02, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::READ_COILS), pdu_data,
+                                                       sizeof(pdu_data)));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.device.read_count, 0);
+  ASSERT_EQ(f.uart.written.size(), 5u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.uart.written[2], static_cast<uint8_t>(ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE));
+}
+
+// The register read path shares that parser, so a zero quantity is rejected there identically. Lives
+// beside the coil cases deliberately: together they are what stops the shared parser being bypassed on
+// one side without the other noticing.
+TEST(ModbusServerCoils, ZeroRegisterReadQuantityRejectedByTheSameParser) {
+  CoilFixture f;
+
+  const uint8_t pdu_data[] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(f.hub.process_full_client_frame_for_test(0x02, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS),
+                                                       pdu_data, sizeof(pdu_data)));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(f.uart.written.size(), 5u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.uart.written[1], static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS) | 0x80);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.uart.written[2], static_cast<uint8_t>(ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE));
+}
+
+// A device without bit handlers rejects coil requests with ILLEGAL_FUNCTION via the defaults.
+TEST(ModbusServerCoils, UnhandledCoilReadIsIllegalFunction) {
+  TestServerHub hub;
+  RecordingUART uart;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+  hub.prime_send_timestamps_for_test();
+  NoBitsDevice device(0x02);
+  hub.register_device(&device);
+
+  const uint8_t pdu_data[] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.process_full_client_frame_for_test(0x02, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::READ_COILS), pdu_data,
+                                                     sizeof(pdu_data)));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(uart.written.size(), 5u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(uart.written[1], static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::READ_COILS) | 0x80);
+  EXPECT_EQ(uart.written[2], static_cast<uint8_t>(ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_FUNCTION));
+}
+
+// The view contracts are enforced, not merely documented: bytes() returns exactly ceil(size()/8) bytes
+// even over a larger buffer (forwarding it can never leak trailing buffer content), and set() drops
+// out-of-range bits instead of writing past the span (on the server read path that span wraps a stack
+// response buffer).
+TEST(ModbusServerCoils, PackedBitsViewContractsEnforced) {
+  uint8_t buf[8] = {};
+  PackedBits view(buf, 10);  // 10 bits -> 2 bytes, over an 8-byte buffer
+  EXPECT_EQ(view.bytes().size(), 2u);
+
+  PackedBits short_view(std::span<const uint8_t>(buf, 1), 10);  // contract-violating: 10 bits over 1 byte
+  EXPECT_EQ(short_view.bytes().size(), 1u);  // clamped to the real span, not a fabricated 2-byte span
+
+  MutablePackedBits bits(std::span<uint8_t>(buf, 2), 10);
+  bits.set(9, true);    // in range: lands in byte 1
+  bits.set(10, true);   // out of range: dropped
+  bits.set(300, true);  // far out of range: dropped, no write past the span
+  EXPECT_EQ(buf[1], 0x02);
+  for (size_t i = 2; i < sizeof(buf); i++)
+    EXPECT_EQ(buf[i], 0) << "byte " << i;
+}
+
+// FC 0x02 must dispatch to on_read_discrete_inputs, not on_read_coils: the two handlers fill different
+// patterns, so a swapped dispatch would fail on both the counters and the wire bytes.
+TEST(ModbusServerCoils, ReadDiscreteInputsDispatchesToItsOwnHandler) {
+  TestServerHub hub;
+  RecordingUART uart;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+  hub.prime_send_timestamps_for_test();
+  DualReadDevice device(0x02);
+  hub.register_device(&device);
+
+  const uint8_t pdu_data[] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.process_full_client_frame_for_test(0x02, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS),
+                                                     pdu_data, sizeof(pdu_data)));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.discrete_reads, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.coil_reads, 0);
+  ASSERT_GE(uart.written.size(), 4u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(uart.written[1], static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS));
+  EXPECT_EQ(uart.written[3], 0x02);  // the discrete handler's pattern, not the coil handler's
+
+  uart.written.clear();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.process_full_client_frame_for_test(0x02, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::READ_COILS), pdu_data,
+                                                     sizeof(pdu_data)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.coil_reads, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.discrete_reads, 1);
+  ASSERT_GE(uart.written.size(), 4u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(uart.written[3], 0x01);
+}
+
+// The write-side ILLEGAL_FUNCTION defaults: a device without bit handlers rejects coil writes too
+// (single and multiple), mirroring the read-side default already covered above.
+TEST(ModbusServerCoils, UnhandledCoilWriteIsIllegalFunction) {
+  TestServerHub hub;
+  RecordingUART uart;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+  hub.prime_send_timestamps_for_test();
+  NoBitsDevice device(0x02);
+  hub.register_device(&device);
+
+  const uint8_t single[] = {0x00, 0x03, 0xFF, 0x00};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.process_full_client_frame_for_test(0x02, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL),
+                                                     single, sizeof(single)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(uart.written.size(), 5u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(uart.written[1], static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL) | 0x80);
+  EXPECT_EQ(uart.written[2], static_cast<uint8_t>(ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_FUNCTION));
+
+  uart.written.clear();
+  const uint8_t multiple[] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x01, 0xAA};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.process_full_client_frame_for_test(0x02, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS),
+                                                     multiple, sizeof(multiple)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(uart.written.size(), 5u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(uart.written[1], static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS) | 0x80);
+  EXPECT_EQ(uart.written[2], static_cast<uint8_t>(ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_FUNCTION));
+}
+
+// FC 0x0F with a byte count that does not match ceil(quantity / 8) is ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE and never
+// reaches the handler.
+TEST(ModbusServerCoils, WriteCoilsByteCountMismatchRejected) {
+  CoilFixture f;
+
+  // quantity 10 needs 2 bytes; claim 1
+  const uint8_t pdu_data[] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x01, 0xFF};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(f.hub.process_full_client_frame_for_test(0x02, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS),
+                                                       pdu_data, sizeof(pdu_data)));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(f.uart.written.size(), 5u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.uart.written[1], static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS) | 0x80);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.uart.written[2], static_cast<uint8_t>(ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE));
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.device.write_count, 0);
+}
+
+// A coil range that runs past address 0xFFFF is ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS and never reaches the handler.
+TEST(ModbusServerCoils, CoilAddressRangeOverflowRejected) {
+  CoilFixture f;
+
+  // start 0xFFF8, quantity 16 -> 0x10008 > 0x10000
+  const uint8_t pdu_data[] = {0xFF, 0xF8, 0x00, 0x10};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(f.hub.process_full_client_frame_for_test(0x02, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::READ_COILS), pdu_data,
+                                                       sizeof(pdu_data)));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(f.uart.written.size(), 5u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.uart.written[1], static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::READ_COILS) | 0x80);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.uart.written[2], static_cast<uint8_t>(ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS));
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.device.read_count, 0);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::modbus
diff --git a/tests/components/modbus/modbus_unknown_function_test.cpp b/tests/components/modbus/modbus_unknown_function_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..33f0cd24df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/modbus/modbus_unknown_function_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <span>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "common.h"
+#include "esphome/components/modbus/modbus.h"
+
+namespace esphome::modbus::testing {
+
+namespace {
+
+// Records custom-response dispatches so tests can assert an unknown-length frame reached the device.
+class CustomRecordingDevice : public ModbusClientDevice {
+ public:
+  using ModbusClientDevice::ModbusClientDevice;
+  void on_custom_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu,
+                          ResponseStatus status) override {
+    this->requests.emplace_back(request_pdu.begin(), request_pdu.end());
+    this->responses.emplace_back(response_pdu.begin(), response_pdu.end());
+    this->statuses.push_back(status);
+  }
+  std::vector<std::vector<uint8_t>> requests;
+  std::vector<std::vector<uint8_t>> responses;
+  std::vector<ResponseStatus> statuses;
+};
+
+// Every handler keeps its ILLEGAL_FUNCTION default; the hub's dispatch is what is under test.
+class SilentServerDevice : public ModbusServerDevice {};
+
+// Drives full client frames through the server hub's receive path (same shape as the broadcast tests).
+class TestServerHub : public ModbusServerHub {
+ public:
+  bool tx_blocked() override { return false; }
+
+  // Builds a complete client frame (address + FC + data + CRC) and runs the full receive-side parser.
+  // Returns true once the buffer has fully drained.
+  bool run_receive_parser_for_test(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, std::span<const uint8_t> data) {
+    this->rx_buffer_.clear();
+    this->rx_buffer_.reserve(data.size() + 4);
+    this->rx_buffer_.push_back(address);
+    this->rx_buffer_.push_back(function_code);
+    this->rx_buffer_.insert(this->rx_buffer_.end(), data.begin(), data.end());
+    uint16_t crc = crc16(this->rx_buffer_.data(), this->rx_buffer_.size());
+    this->rx_buffer_.push_back(crc & 0xFF);
+    this->rx_buffer_.push_back(crc >> 8);
+    this->parse_modbus_frames();
+    return this->rx_buffer_.empty();
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// The frame-length parsers have explicit cases for exactly these 13 codes; every other value - the
+// assigned-but-unimplemented management codes, both user-defined ranges, and all unassigned codes -
+// must classify as unknown length. Exception replies are always the 2-byte spec shape, so every
+// 0x80-set code is known length.
+TEST(ModbusUnknownFunction, HelperMatchesParserCoverage) {
+  for (uint8_t fc : {0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x0F, 0x10, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17, 0x18}) {
+    EXPECT_FALSE(helpers::is_function_code_unknown_length(fc)) << "fc 0x" << std::hex << int(fc);
+  }
+  for (uint8_t fc : {0x07, 0x08, 0x0B, 0x0C, 0x11, 0x2A, 0x41, 0x48, 0x49, 0x64, 0x6E, 0x00, 0x7F}) {
+    EXPECT_TRUE(helpers::is_function_code_unknown_length(fc)) << "fc 0x" << std::hex << int(fc);
+  }
+  // Every exception-flagged code is known length (the 2-byte spec exception shape), whatever its base.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(helpers::is_function_code_unknown_length(0x83));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(helpers::is_function_code_unknown_length(0x87));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(helpers::is_function_code_unknown_length(0xC9));
+  // Strictly wider than the user-defined ranges below 0x80: every non-exception custom code is
+  // unknown-length, but not vice versa.
+  for (int fc = 0; fc <= 0x7F; fc++) {
+    if (helpers::is_function_code_custom(fc))
+      EXPECT_TRUE(helpers::is_function_code_unknown_length(fc)) << "fc 0x" << std::hex << fc;
+  }
+  EXPECT_FALSE(helpers::is_function_code_custom(0x49));
+
+  // Derived contract check: the helper must say "unknown" exactly when both length parsers fall
+  // through to default. With a zero-filled max-size PDU every explicit case returns at least 2
+  // (file records bottom out at 2, FIFO at 3) and only default returns MIN_PDU_SIZE, so comparing
+  // against MIN_PDU_SIZE detects a case added to either switch without updating the helper. Both
+  // parsers early-return the 2-byte exception shape above 0x7F, which the helper's own exception
+  // early-return mirrors, so the whole byte range is covered.
+  for (int fc = 0; fc <= 0xFF; fc++) {
+    const uint8_t pdu[MAX_PDU_SIZE] = {static_cast<uint8_t>(fc)};  // zero header fields
+    EXPECT_EQ(helpers::is_function_code_unknown_length(fc),
+              helpers::client_pdu_length(pdu, sizeof(pdu)) == MIN_PDU_SIZE)
+        << "client_pdu_length disagrees for fc 0x" << std::hex << fc;
+    EXPECT_EQ(helpers::is_function_code_unknown_length(fc),
+              helpers::server_pdu_length(pdu, sizeof(pdu)) == MIN_PDU_SIZE)
+        << "server_pdu_length disagrees for fc 0x" << std::hex << fc;
+  }
+}
+
+// Broadcastable = writes plus unknown codes (possible vendor writes); everything known to expect a
+// reply is not. Classifies the underlying code: the exception bit masks off first (0x85 as 0x05).
+TEST(ModbusUnknownFunction, BroadcastableClassification) {
+  for (uint8_t fc : {0x05, 0x06, 0x0F, 0x10, 0x16, 0x49, 0x63, 0x6E, 0x85, 0xC9}) {
+    EXPECT_TRUE(helpers::is_function_code_broadcastable(fc)) << "fc 0x" << std::hex << int(fc);
+  }
+  for (uint8_t fc : {0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x14, 0x15, 0x17, 0x18, 0x83, 0x97}) {
+    EXPECT_FALSE(helpers::is_function_code_broadcastable(fc)) << "fc 0x" << std::hex << int(fc);
+  }
+}
+
+// A response with a function code outside the user-defined ranges (0x49) has no length case in
+// server_pdu_length(), so the parser must find the frame end by CRC scan - the same way it already
+// handles user-defined codes. Frame: address + FC 0x49 + 3 data bytes + CRC = 7 bytes. Without the
+// scan the parser assumes a 4-byte frame, fails the CRC, and the response never reaches the device.
+TEST(ModbusUnknownFunction, ClientParsesUnknownLengthResponse) {
+  InjectableUART uart;
+  ModbusClientHub hub;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+  hub.setup();  // computes frame timing from the baud rate
+  CustomRecordingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  const uint8_t request[] = {0x49, 0x01};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(device.queue_pdu(request));
+  hub.loop();  // transmit
+  ASSERT_FALSE(uart.written.empty());
+
+  const uint8_t response_pdu[] = {0x49, 0x02, 0xAA, 0xBB};
+  uart.inject_frame(0x02, response_pdu);
+  hub.loop();  // receive + parse + match + dispatch
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(device.responses.size(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.requests[0], std::vector<uint8_t>(request, request + sizeof(request)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.responses[0], std::vector<uint8_t>(response_pdu, response_pdu + sizeof(response_pdu)));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(device.statuses[0].has_value());
+}
+
+// The server side of the same gap: a request with FC 0x49 for a registered device must parse (CRC
+// scan again) so the hub can answer ILLEGAL_FUNCTION per the spec. Without the scan the frame fails
+// to parse and the client gets silence instead of the exception.
+TEST(ModbusUnknownFunction, ServerRepliesIllegalFunctionToUnknownLengthRequest) {
+  TestServerHub hub;
+  RecordingUART uart;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+
+  SilentServerDevice device;
+  device.set_address(0x02);
+  hub.register_device(&device);
+
+  const uint8_t data[] = {0x02, 0xAA, 0xBB};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.run_receive_parser_for_test(0x02, 0x49, data));
+
+  // Expected reply: address + FC with exception flag + ILLEGAL_FUNCTION + CRC.
+  std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {0x02, 0xC9, 0x01};
+  uint16_t crc = crc16(expected.data(), expected.size());
+  expected.push_back(crc & 0xFF);
+  expected.push_back(crc >> 8);
+  EXPECT_EQ(uart.written, expected);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::modbus::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/modbus_client/common.yaml b/tests/components/modbus_client/common.yaml
index 19e81f4e48..76f7479a5c 100644
--- a/tests/components/modbus_client/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/modbus_client/common.yaml
@@ -5,6 +5,18 @@
 # device is retried forever. Reset the counter before the send or on a terminal outcome (on_response)
 # so the cap is per transaction, not per device lifetime. Never reset in on_sent: it fires again on
 # every retry, so the cap would never be reached.
+
+# The standalone component: a bare hub device with nothing but an address, so a lambda can drive the
+# device directly. Two entries cover both hub-binding paths - the auto-resolved single hub and an
+# explicit modbus_id - and the button below calls them, so the generated device has to be usable
+# rather than merely constructed (an unreferenced one is optimised away entirely).
+modbus_client:
+  - id: bare_client
+    address: 0x01
+  - id: bare_client_explicit_hub
+    modbus_id: modbus_bus
+    address: 0x02
+
 globals:
   - id: read_retries
     type: int
@@ -14,6 +26,17 @@ globals:
     initial_value: "0"
 
 button:
+  # The bare modbus_client devices: no handlers, so nothing reports the outcome - see the component
+  # comment. Calls here only pin that the device is bound to its hub and the helpers are reachable.
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Bare Client"
+    on_press:
+      - lambda: |-
+          id(bare_client).write_single_register(0x10, 42);
+          id(bare_client).write_single_coil(0x01, true);
+          id(bare_client_explicit_hub).read_holding_registers(0x20, 4);
+          const uint16_t rw_vals[] = {1, 2};
+          id(bare_client).read_write_multiple_registers(0x0400, 2, 0x0300, rw_vals);
   - platform: template
     name: "Send Read"
     on_press:
@@ -28,6 +51,7 @@ button:
       # A pdu lambda can hand-assemble bytes or return a modbus::helpers::create_*_pdu() builder result.
       - modbus_client.send:
           address: 0x01
+          continuous: true
           pdu: !lambda "return modbus::helpers::create_read_pdu(modbus::FunctionCode::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS, 0x0010, 1);"
       - modbus_client.send:
           address: !lambda "return 1;"
@@ -51,3 +75,79 @@ button:
           on_not_sent:
             then:
               - lambda: 'ESP_LOGW("modbus_client.test", "not sent fc 0x%X", request.empty() ? 0 : request[0]);'
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Typed Actions"
+    on_press:
+      - modbus_client.write_single_register:
+          address: 0x01
+          start_address: 0x0102
+          value: !lambda "return 42;"
+          on_response:
+            then:
+              - logger.log: "write acked"
+          on_error:
+            then:
+              - lambda: 'ESP_LOGW("modbus_client.test", "write exception %d", (int) exception_code);'
+      - modbus_client.read_holding_registers:
+          address: !lambda "return 1;"
+          start_address: 0x10
+          count: 2
+          continuous: true
+          on_response:
+            then:
+              - lambda: 'ESP_LOGI("modbus_client.test", "first=%u n=%u", values[0], (unsigned) values.size());'
+          on_no_response:
+            then:
+              - logger.log: "typed read timeout"
+      - modbus_client.read_input_registers:
+          continuous: !lambda "return false;"
+          address: 0x01
+          start_address: 0x20
+          on_custom_response:
+            then:
+              - lambda: |-
+                  ESP_LOGW("modbus_client.test", "non-standard reply: fc 0x%02X, %u byte request",
+                           response.empty() ? 0 : response[0], (unsigned) request.size());
+      - modbus_client.write_single_coil:
+          address: 0x01
+          start_address: 0x01
+          value: true
+      - modbus_client.read_coils:
+          address: 0x01
+          start_address: 0x03
+          count: 16
+          continuous: true
+          on_response:
+            then:
+              - lambda: 'ESP_LOGI("modbus_client.test", "coil0=%d n=%u", bits[0], (unsigned) bits.size());'
+      - modbus_client.read_discrete_inputs:
+          address: 0x01
+          start_address: 0x00
+          continuous: true
+          on_error:
+            then:
+              - lambda: 'ESP_LOGW("modbus_client.test", "fc 0x%X exception %d", request.empty() ? 0 : request[0], (int) exception_code);'
+      - modbus_client.write_multiple_registers:
+          address: 0x01
+          start_address: 0x0200
+          values: !lambda "return {1, 2, 3};"
+          on_response:
+            then:
+              - lambda: 'ESP_LOGI("modbus_client.test", "multi write acked");'
+      - modbus_client.write_multiple_coils:
+          address: 0x01
+          start_address: 0x0010
+          values: [true, false, true]
+          on_error:
+            then:
+              - lambda: 'ESP_LOGW("modbus_client.test", "fc 0x%X exception %d", request.empty() ? 0 : request[0], (int) exception_code);'
+      - modbus_client.read_write_multiple_registers:
+          address: 0x01
+          write_address: 0x0300
+          values: !lambda "return {1, 2};"
+          read_address: 0x0400
+          read_count: 2
+          on_response:
+            then:
+              # `values` here is the READ-BACK block, not the written block above
+              - lambda: 'ESP_LOGI("modbus_client.test", "rw read0=%u n=%u", values[0], (unsigned) values.size());'
diff --git a/tests/components/modbus_client/validate-autoload.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/modbus_client/validate-autoload.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..318d492717
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/modbus_client/validate-autoload.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# The modbus hub auto-loads modbus_client so the modbus_client.* actions are registered. That must not
+# create a device on its own, which is what MULTI_CONF_NO_DEFAULT in the component buys: without it the
+# auto-load builds a default entry and fails on the required address, breaking every modbus config.
+# So this file deliberately declares no modbus_client: block - it is the no-block path, kept as its own
+# fixture because common.yaml now declares one.
+packages:
+  modbus: !include ../../test_build_components/common/modbus/esp32-idf.yaml
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Action without a component block"
+    on_press:
+      - modbus_client.read_holding_registers:
+          address: 0x01
+          start_address: 0x10
+          count: 1
diff --git a/tests/components/modbus_controller/command_payload_test.cpp b/tests/components/modbus_controller/command_payload_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b9a1930ed0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/modbus_controller/command_payload_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "esphome/components/modbus_controller/modbus_controller.h"
+
+// These tests pin the behaviour of the deprecated ModbusCommandItem until its removal.
+// Remove with ModbusCommandItem before 2027.3.0.
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+
+namespace esphome::modbus_controller::testing {
+
+// The coil write factory packs into an exact-size payload. Pinned at one past the protocol maximum
+// because a fixed pack buffer sized for the maximum would silently truncate there while the quantity
+// field still claimed every coil - and the truncated frame would fit the RTU limit and go on the wire
+// malformed. Built at its true byte count, the oversize frame is refused by the hub's size check with
+// a log instead.
+TEST(ModbusCommandPayload, CoilWritePayloadIsExactSizedNotTruncated) {
+  ModbusController controller(nullptr, 1);
+  std::vector<bool> coils(modbus::MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_WRITE + 1, true);
+  auto cmd = ModbusCommandItem::create_write_multiple_coils(&controller, 0x10, coils);
+  EXPECT_EQ(cmd.payload.size(), modbus::packed_bit_bytes(coils.size()));
+}
+
+// LSB-first packing with zeroed pad bits, matching the wire layout the PDU builders produce.
+TEST(ModbusCommandPayload, CoilWritePacksLsbFirstWithZeroPad) {
+  ModbusController controller(nullptr, 1);
+  const std::vector<bool> coils{true, false, true, true};
+  auto cmd = ModbusCommandItem::create_write_multiple_coils(&controller, 0x10, coils);
+  ASSERT_EQ(cmd.payload.size(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(cmd.payload.data()[0], 0b00001101);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::modbus_controller::testing
+
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
diff --git a/tests/components/modbus_controller/common.yaml b/tests/components/modbus_controller/common.yaml
index 67b022cdf5..b9a7610cb7 100644
--- a/tests/components/modbus_controller/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/modbus_controller/common.yaml
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ modbus_controller:
   - id: modbus_controller1
     address: 0x2
     modbus_id: modbus_bus
+    continuous: true
     on_online:
       then:
         logger.log: "Module Online"
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@ binary_sensor:
     name: Test Binary Sensor with Lambda
     register_type: input
     address: 0x3201
+    reuse_previous_range: false
     lambda: |-
       return x;
 
@@ -84,6 +86,7 @@ select:
     name: Test Select with Lambda
     address: 1001
     value_type: U_WORD
+    reuse_previous_range: auto
     optionsmap:
       "Off": 0
       "On": 1
@@ -108,6 +111,22 @@ select:
       return value;
 
 sensor:
+  # custom_pdu polls a ready-made PDU (function code + data - no device address byte, no CRC); covers
+  # the set_custom_pdu codegen path and the custom-range polling constructor.
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller1
+    id: modbus_sensor_custom_pdu
+    name: Test Custom PDU Sensor
+    custom_pdu: [0x03, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x00, 0x01]
+    value_type: U_WORD
+  # Deprecated custom_command (leading byte 0x02 == modbus_controller1's address) drives the
+  # migrate_custom_command final-validate auto-migration path in CI.
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller1
+    id: modbus_sensor_custom_command
+    name: Test Custom Command Sensor
+    custom_command: [0x02, 0x03, 0x00, 0x2B, 0x00, 0x01]
+    value_type: U_WORD
   - platform: modbus_controller
     modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller1
     id: modbus_sensor1
@@ -123,9 +142,10 @@ sensor:
     register_type: holding
     address: 0x9002
     value_type: U_WORD
+    reuse_previous_range: true
     lambda: |-
       return x / 10.0;
-  # Non-mergeable sensor sharing the start address of modbus_sensor1 (different register_count):
+  # Non-mergeable sensor sharing the start address of modbus_sensor1 (different value type width):
   # must join the same range, never open a second range keyed on the same (address, type).
   - platform: modbus_controller
     modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller1
@@ -170,8 +190,8 @@ sensor:
     value_type: U_WORD
     lambda: |-
       return modbus_controller::get_data<uint16_t>(data, item->offset) * 0.1f;
-  # force_new_range sensors sort before plain ones, so this high-address forced sensor is grouped
-  # first and the lower-address plain sensors above must still get their own ranges.
+  # The deprecated force_new_range migrates to reuse_previous_range: false, so this sensor never
+  # joins a range built before it and the lower-address sensors above keep their own ranges.
   - platform: modbus_controller
     modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller1
     id: modbus_sensor_forced_high
@@ -207,7 +227,6 @@ text_sensor:
     name: Test Text Sensor
     register_type: holding
     address: 0x9013
-    register_count: 3
     raw_encode: HEXBYTES
     response_size: 6
   - platform: modbus_controller
@@ -216,12 +235,13 @@ text_sensor:
     name: Test Text Sensor with Lambda
     register_type: holding
     address: 0x9014
-    register_count: 2
     response_size: 4
     lambda: |-
       return "Modified: " + x;
-  # A register reporting FEWER bytes than 2*register_count (response_size: 3 for 2 registers), followed
-  # by a contiguous sensor: the follower's byte position must track the actual 3 bytes, not underflow.
+  # A register reporting FEWER bytes than two per register (response_size: 3 over 2 registers), followed
+  # by a contiguous reuse:true sensor (auto never joins past a response_size register): the follower's
+  # byte position must track the actual 3 bytes, not underflow.
+  # register_count matches the derived width, so it migrates with a deprecation warning.
   - platform: modbus_controller
     modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller1
     id: modbus_text_sensor_narrow
@@ -238,4 +258,5 @@ text_sensor:
     register_type: holding
     address: 0x9032
     register_count: 1
+    reuse_previous_range: true
     raw_encode: HEXBYTES
diff --git a/tests/components/modbus_server/common.yaml b/tests/components/modbus_server/common.yaml
index 1f3a8f551b..3f84a3f6da 100644
--- a/tests/components/modbus_server/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/modbus_server/common.yaml
@@ -15,6 +15,16 @@ modbus_server:
   - id: modbus_server3
     address: 0x3
     modbus_id: mod_bus2
+    bits:
+      - address: 0x0
+        read_lambda: |-
+          return true;
+      - address: 0x1
+        read_lambda: |-
+          return address == 0x1;
+        write_lambda: |-
+          printf("bit address=%d, value=%d\n", (int) address, (int) x);
+          return true;
     registers:
       - address: 0x9
         value_type: S_DWORD
diff --git a/tests/components/modbus_server/modbus_server_test.cpp b/tests/components/modbus_server/modbus_server_test.cpp
index 2137a77f3d..ce39e83736 100644
--- a/tests/components/modbus_server/modbus_server_test.cpp
+++ b/tests/components/modbus_server/modbus_server_test.cpp
@@ -105,15 +105,29 @@ TEST(ModbusServerWrite, UnwritableRegisterRejected) {
     EXPECT_EQ(status.value(), ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS);
 }
 
-// An address with no registered register yields ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS.
+// A write to an address not covered by any configured register (on a populated server) yields
+// ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS.
 TEST(ModbusServerWrite, UnmatchedAddressRejected) {
   ModbusServer server;
+  ServerRegister reg(0x0000, SensorValueType::U_WORD, 1);
+  reg.write_lambda = [](int64_t) { return true; };
+  server.add_server_register(&reg);
+
   auto status = server.on_write_registers(0x0005, make_registers({0x1234}));
   ASSERT_TRUE(status.has_value());
   if (status.has_value())
     EXPECT_EQ(status.value(), ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS);
 }
 
+// A server with no registers configured does not implement the register-write function: ILLEGAL_FUNCTION.
+TEST(ModbusServerWrite, EmptyServerRejectsWithIllegalFunction) {
+  ModbusServer server;
+  auto status = server.on_write_registers(0x0000, make_registers({0x1234}));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(status.has_value());
+  if (status.has_value())
+    EXPECT_EQ(status.value(), ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_FUNCTION);
+}
+
 // A write_lambda failing at runtime is the one non-atomic case: the earlier register is already
 // applied, and the handler reports SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE.
 TEST(ModbusServerWrite, CallbackFailureIsServiceDeviceFailure) {
@@ -248,9 +262,13 @@ TEST(ModbusServerRead, CourtesyDefaultForUnregistered) {
   EXPECT_EQ(out[1], 0xABCD);
 }
 
-// An unregistered address with courtesy disabled is rejected.
+// An unregistered address on a populated server (courtesy disabled) is rejected with ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS.
 TEST(ModbusServerRead, UnregisteredRejectedWithoutCourtesy) {
   ModbusServer server;
+  ServerRegister reg(0x0000, SensorValueType::U_WORD, 1);
+  reg.read_lambda = []() -> int64_t { return 0x1234; };
+  server.add_server_register(&reg);
+
   RegisterValues out;
   auto status = server.on_read_registers(0x0005, 1, out);
   ASSERT_TRUE(status.has_value());
@@ -258,6 +276,31 @@ TEST(ModbusServerRead, UnregisteredRejectedWithoutCourtesy) {
     EXPECT_EQ(status.value(), ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS);
 }
 
+// A server with no registers configured (courtesy disabled) does not implement the register-read
+// function: ILLEGAL_FUNCTION.
+TEST(ModbusServerRead, EmptyServerRejectsWithIllegalFunction) {
+  ModbusServer server;
+  RegisterValues out;
+  auto status = server.on_read_registers(0x0005, 1, out);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(status.has_value());
+  if (status.has_value())
+    EXPECT_EQ(status.value(), ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_FUNCTION);
+}
+
+// A register read lambda returning an empty optional declines the read: the whole request is
+// answered with SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE. Uses set_read_lambda<T> so the optional-forwarding wrapper
+// (not a hand-assigned read_lambda) is what carries the decline through.
+TEST(ModbusServerRead, ReadLambdaDecliningIsServiceDeviceFailure) {
+  ModbusServer server;
+  ServerRegister reg(0x0000, SensorValueType::U_WORD, 1);
+  reg.set_read_lambda<uint16_t>([](uint16_t address) -> optional<uint16_t> { return {}; });
+  server.add_server_register(&reg);
+
+  RegisterValues out;
+  auto status = server.on_read_registers(0x0000, 1, out);
+  EXPECT_EQ(status, ExceptionCode::SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE);
+}
+
 // --- partial reads (opt-in) ----------------------------------------------------
 
 // With allow_partial_read, reading only the first register of a DWORD returns its high word.
@@ -310,4 +353,139 @@ TEST(ModbusServerRead, PartialReadReversedType) {
   EXPECT_EQ(second[0], 0x1234);
 }
 
+// --- bits (coils / discrete inputs, one shared address space) -------------------
+
+// Bits are read through the shared table regardless of which read function code arrived:
+// the hub routes both 0x01 and 0x02 to on_read_bits().
+TEST(ModbusServerBits, ReadSetsRequestedBits) {
+  ModbusServer server;
+  ServerBit bit0(0x0000);
+  bit0.set_read_lambda([](uint16_t) { return true; });
+  ServerBit bit1(0x0001);
+  bit1.set_read_lambda([](uint16_t) { return false; });
+  ServerBit bit2(0x0002);
+  bit2.set_read_lambda([](uint16_t) { return true; });
+  server.add_server_bit(&bit0);
+  server.add_server_bit(&bit1);
+  server.add_server_bit(&bit2);
+
+  uint8_t packed[1] = {0};
+  auto status = server.on_read_bits(0x0000, modbus::MutablePackedBits(packed, 3));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(status.has_value());
+  EXPECT_EQ(packed[0], 0b101);
+}
+
+// The read lambda receives the bit's address, so one lambda can serve several bits.
+TEST(ModbusServerBits, ReadLambdaReceivesAddress) {
+  ModbusServer server;
+  ServerBit server_bit(0x0007);
+  server_bit.set_read_lambda([](uint16_t address) { return address == 0x0007; });
+  server.add_server_bit(&server_bit);
+
+  uint8_t packed[1] = {0};
+  auto status = server.on_read_bits(0x0007, modbus::MutablePackedBits(packed, 1));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(status.has_value());
+  EXPECT_EQ(packed[0], 0x01);
+}
+
+// An unregistered or write-only bit rejects the whole read with ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS.
+TEST(ModbusServerBits, UnreadableBitRejectsRead) {
+  ModbusServer server;
+  ServerBit readable(0x0000);
+  readable.set_read_lambda([](uint16_t) { return true; });
+  ServerBit write_only(0x0001);
+  write_only.set_write_lambda([](uint16_t, bool) { return true; });
+  server.add_server_bit(&readable);
+  server.add_server_bit(&write_only);
+
+  uint8_t packed[1] = {0};
+  auto status = server.on_read_bits(0x0000, modbus::MutablePackedBits(packed, 2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(status, ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS);
+
+  auto unregistered = server.on_read_bits(0x0005, modbus::MutablePackedBits(packed, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(unregistered, ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS);
+}
+
+// A read lambda returning an empty optional declines the read: the whole request is answered
+// with SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE.
+TEST(ModbusServerBits, ReadLambdaDecliningIsServiceDeviceFailure) {
+  ModbusServer server;
+  ServerBit ok(0x0000);
+  ok.set_read_lambda([](uint16_t) { return true; });
+  ServerBit declining(0x0001);
+  declining.set_read_lambda([](uint16_t) -> optional<bool> { return {}; });
+  server.add_server_bit(&ok);
+  server.add_server_bit(&declining);
+
+  uint8_t packed[1] = {0};
+  auto status = server.on_read_bits(0x0000, modbus::MutablePackedBits(packed, 2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(status, ExceptionCode::SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE);
+}
+
+// A multi-coil write applies every bit and reports success.
+TEST(ModbusServerBits, WriteAppliesAllBits) {
+  ModbusServer server;
+  bool state[2] = {false, true};
+  ServerBit bit0(0x0000);
+  bit0.set_write_lambda([&state](uint16_t, bool value) {
+    state[0] = value;
+    return true;
+  });
+  ServerBit bit1(0x0001);
+  bit1.set_write_lambda([&state](uint16_t, bool value) {
+    state[1] = value;
+    return true;
+  });
+  server.add_server_bit(&bit0);
+  server.add_server_bit(&bit1);
+
+  const uint8_t packed[1] = {0b01};  // bit0 on, bit1 off
+  auto status = server.on_write_coils(0x0000, modbus::PackedBits(packed, 2));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(status.has_value());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(state[0]);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(state[1]);
+}
+
+// Pre-flight atomicity: an unwritable bit anywhere in the span rejects the write before any
+// bit is applied.
+TEST(ModbusServerBits, UnwritableBitAppliesNothing) {
+  ModbusServer server;
+  bool written = false;
+  ServerBit writable(0x0000);
+  writable.set_write_lambda([&written](uint16_t, bool) {
+    written = true;
+    return true;
+  });
+  ServerBit read_only(0x0001);
+  read_only.set_read_lambda([](uint16_t) { return false; });
+  server.add_server_bit(&writable);
+  server.add_server_bit(&read_only);
+
+  const uint8_t packed[1] = {0b11};
+  auto status = server.on_write_coils(0x0000, modbus::PackedBits(packed, 2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(status, ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(written);  // the writable bit must NOT have been applied
+}
+
+// A write lambda failing at runtime is the one non-atomic case: earlier bits stay applied and
+// the handler reports SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE (mirrors the register behavior).
+TEST(ModbusServerBits, CallbackFailureIsServiceDeviceFailure) {
+  ModbusServer server;
+  bool first_written = false;
+  ServerBit first(0x0000);
+  first.set_write_lambda([&first_written](uint16_t, bool) {
+    first_written = true;
+    return true;
+  });
+  ServerBit second(0x0001);
+  second.set_write_lambda([](uint16_t, bool) { return false; });  // rejects at runtime
+  server.add_server_bit(&first);
+  server.add_server_bit(&second);
+
+  const uint8_t packed[1] = {0b11};
+  auto status = server.on_write_coils(0x0000, modbus::PackedBits(packed, 2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(status, ExceptionCode::SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(first_written);
+}
+
 }  // namespace esphome::modbus_server
diff --git a/tests/components/mopeka_ble/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/mopeka_ble/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..14df729405
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/mopeka_ble/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+mopeka_ble:
diff --git a/tests/components/mopeka_ble/common.yaml b/tests/components/mopeka_ble/common.yaml
index a115404f1c..d511a449f9 100644
--- a/tests/components/mopeka_ble/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/mopeka_ble/common.yaml
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
+# Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
 mopeka_ble:
+  ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
diff --git a/tests/components/mopeka_ble/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/mopeka_ble/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8026866234
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/mopeka_ble/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  mopeka_ble: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/mopeka_ble/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/mopeka_ble/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..41fdf62d03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/mopeka_ble/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_hub
+
+mopeka_ble:
+  ble_hub_id: ble_hub
diff --git a/tests/components/mopeka_pro_check/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/mopeka_pro_check/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1e28e1e58d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/mopeka_pro_check/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: mopeka_pro_check
+    mac_address: D3:75:F2:DC:16:91
+    tank_type: 20LB_V
+    temperature:
+      name: Propane test temp
+    level:
+      name: Propane test level
diff --git a/tests/components/mopeka_pro_check/common.yaml b/tests/components/mopeka_pro_check/common.yaml
index 3533ecf631..15eabe1f25 100644
--- a/tests/components/mopeka_pro_check/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/mopeka_pro_check/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: mopeka_pro_check
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: D3:75:F2:DC:16:91
     tank_type: CUSTOM
     custom_distance_full: 40cm
diff --git a/tests/components/mopeka_pro_check/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/mopeka_pro_check/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3484c7b5b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/mopeka_pro_check/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  mopeka_pro_check: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/mopeka_pro_check/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/mopeka_pro_check/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..888b879e07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/mopeka_pro_check/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_hub
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: mopeka_pro_check
+    ble_hub_id: ble_hub
+    mac_address: D3:75:F2:DC:16:91
+    tank_type: 20lb_v
+    level:
+      name: BK Mopeka Pro Level
diff --git a/tests/components/mopeka_std_check/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/mopeka_std_check/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0b645dcaf3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/mopeka_std_check/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: mopeka_std_check
+    mac_address: D3:75:F2:DC:16:91
+    tank_type: Europe_11kg
+    temperature:
+      name: Propane test temp
+    level:
+      name: Propane test level
diff --git a/tests/components/mopeka_std_check/common.yaml b/tests/components/mopeka_std_check/common.yaml
index 383e2e2a19..e7224ba725 100644
--- a/tests/components/mopeka_std_check/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/mopeka_std_check/common.yaml
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
   # Example using 11kg 100% propane tank.
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: mopeka_std_check
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: D3:75:F2:DC:16:91
     tank_type: Europe_11kg
     temperature:
diff --git a/tests/components/mopeka_std_check/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/mopeka_std_check/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..11a54cb37c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/mopeka_std_check/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  mopeka_std_check: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/mopeka_std_check/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/mopeka_std_check/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..86b4425518
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/mopeka_std_check/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_hub
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: mopeka_std_check
+    ble_hub_id: ble_hub
+    mac_address: D3:75:F2:DC:16:91
+    tank_type: Europe_11kg
+    level:
+      name: BK Mopeka Std Level
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: mopeka_std_check
+    mac_address: D3:75:F2:DC:16:92
+    tank_type: Europe_11kg
+    level:
+      name: BK Propane implicit level
diff --git a/tests/components/network/test-priority.esp32-ard.yaml b/tests/components/network/test-priority.esp32-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a04246a128
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/network/test-priority.esp32-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# Arduino dual-stack test: default-route arbitration must also compile under
+# the Arduino framework, which builds the same esp_netif/ESP-IDF from source.
+# Ethernet is listed first so this build exercises the ethernet-first side of
+# the arbitration pivot in NetworkComponent::loop() (the IDF variant of this
+# test covers the wifi-first side).
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+ethernet:
+  type: W5500
+  clk_pin: GPIO19
+  mosi_pin: GPIO21
+  miso_pin: GPIO23
+  cs_pin: GPIO18
+  interrupt_pin: GPIO36
+  reset_pin: GPIO22
+  clock_speed: 10Mhz
+
+network:
+  priority:
+    - ethernet
+    - wifi
diff --git a/tests/components/network/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/network/test.esp32-idf.yaml
index 7c01bafa0d..6ad365ead2 100644
--- a/tests/components/network/test.esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/network/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -2,3 +2,4 @@
 
 network:
   enable_high_performance: true
+  tcp_send_buffer: 32kB
diff --git a/tests/components/noise/__init__.py b/tests/components/noise/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..60a5740a83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/noise/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+from tests.testing_helpers import ComponentManifestOverride
+
+
+def override_manifest(manifest: ComponentManifestOverride) -> None:
+    # to_code must run: it defines USE_NOISE and adds the noise-c library
+    # the component sources under test need.
+    manifest.enable_codegen()
diff --git a/tests/components/noise/common.yaml b/tests/components/noise/common.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..35253a35e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/noise/common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+noise:
diff --git a/tests/components/noise/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/noise/test.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..550ffd1f88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/noise/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+packages:
+  noise: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/noise/test.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/noise/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..550ffd1f88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/noise/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+packages:
+  noise: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/noise/test.host.yaml b/tests/components/noise/test.host.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..550ffd1f88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/noise/test.host.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+packages:
+  noise: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/noise/test.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/noise/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..550ffd1f88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/noise/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+packages:
+  noise: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/noise/test_noise_handshake.cpp b/tests/components/noise/test_noise_handshake.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d879a26c43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/noise/test_noise_handshake.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include <noise/protocol.h>
+
+#include "esphome/components/noise/noise.h"
+#include "esphome/components/noise/noise_handshake.h"
+
+namespace esphome::noise::testing {
+
+using Action = NoiseResponderHandshake::Action;
+
+// A raw noise-c initiator driving the same Noise_NNpsk0_25519_ChaChaPoly_SHA256
+// pattern the responder class implements, so the tests exercise a real
+// two-message handshake rather than mirrored calls into the class under test.
+class Initiator {
+ public:
+  Initiator(const psk_t &psk, const uint8_t *prologue, size_t prologue_len) {
+    const NoiseProtocolId nid = {
+        .prefix_id = NOISE_PREFIX_STANDARD,
+        .pattern_id = NOISE_PATTERN_NN,
+        .modifier_ids = {NOISE_MODIFIER_PSK0},
+        .dh_id = NOISE_DH_CURVE25519,
+        .cipher_id = NOISE_CIPHER_CHACHAPOLY,
+        .hash_id = NOISE_HASH_SHA256,
+        .hybrid_id = NOISE_DH_NONE,
+    };
+    EXPECT_EQ(noise_handshakestate_new_by_id(&this->state_, &nid, NOISE_ROLE_INITIATOR), 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(noise_handshakestate_set_pre_shared_key(this->state_, psk.data(), psk.size()), 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(noise_handshakestate_set_prologue(this->state_, prologue, prologue_len), 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(noise_handshakestate_start(this->state_), 0);
+  }
+  ~Initiator() {
+    if (this->state_ != nullptr)
+      noise_handshakestate_free(this->state_);
+    if (this->send_ != nullptr)
+      noise_cipherstate_free(this->send_);
+    if (this->recv_ != nullptr)
+      noise_cipherstate_free(this->recv_);
+  }
+  Initiator(const Initiator &) = delete;
+  Initiator &operator=(const Initiator &) = delete;
+
+  size_t write_message(uint8_t *out, size_t capacity) {
+    NoiseBuffer mbuf;
+    noise_buffer_init(mbuf);
+    noise_buffer_set_output(mbuf, out, capacity);
+    EXPECT_EQ(noise_handshakestate_write_message(this->state_, &mbuf, nullptr), 0);
+    return mbuf.size;
+  }
+
+  int read_message(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+    NoiseBuffer mbuf;
+    noise_buffer_init(mbuf);
+    noise_buffer_set_input(mbuf, data, len);
+    return noise_handshakestate_read_message(this->state_, &mbuf, nullptr);
+  }
+
+  void split() { EXPECT_EQ(noise_handshakestate_split(this->state_, &this->send_, &this->recv_), 0); }
+
+  NoiseCipherState *send_{nullptr};
+  NoiseCipherState *recv_{nullptr};
+
+ private:
+  NoiseHandshakeState *state_{nullptr};
+};
+
+static const uint8_t PROLOGUE[] = {'t', 'e', 's', 't', 'p', 'r', 'o', 'l', 'o', 'g', 'u', 'e'};
+
+static psk_t make_psk(uint8_t seed) {
+  psk_t psk;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < psk.size(); i++) {
+    psk[i] = static_cast<uint8_t>(seed + i);
+  }
+  return psk;
+}
+
+TEST(NoiseResponderHandshakeTest, ActionFailedBeforeInit) {
+  NoiseResponderHandshake handshake;
+  EXPECT_EQ(handshake.action(), Action::ACTION_FAILED);
+}
+
+TEST(NoiseResponderHandshakeTest, MessageMethodsErrorBeforeInit) {
+  // The class doc promises a noise-c error, not a crash, when the message
+  // methods run outside their action() step; pin the library's null check
+  NoiseResponderHandshake handshake;
+  uint8_t buf[MAX_HANDSHAKE_SIZE] = {};
+  size_t out_len = 0;
+  EXPECT_NE(handshake.read_message(buf, sizeof(buf)), 0);
+  EXPECT_NE(handshake.write_message(buf, sizeof(buf), out_len), 0);
+  // Deliberately non-null: split() documents a nullptr postcondition on
+  // error, so a caller's uninitialized locals never hold garbage to free
+  auto *sentinel = reinterpret_cast<NoiseCipherState *>(0x1);
+  NoiseCipherState *send_cipher = sentinel;
+  NoiseCipherState *recv_cipher = sentinel;
+  EXPECT_NE(handshake.split(send_cipher, recv_cipher), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(send_cipher, nullptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(recv_cipher, nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST(NoiseResponderHandshakeTest, FullHandshakeAndTransportRoundTrip) {
+  const psk_t psk = make_psk(7);
+  NoiseResponderHandshake responder;
+  ASSERT_EQ(responder.init(psk, PROLOGUE, sizeof(PROLOGUE)), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(responder.action(), Action::ACTION_READ);
+
+  Initiator initiator(psk, PROLOGUE, sizeof(PROLOGUE));
+  uint8_t msg[MAX_HANDSHAKE_SIZE];
+  size_t msg_len = initiator.write_message(msg, sizeof(msg));
+  ASSERT_GT(msg_len, 0u);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(responder.read_message(msg, msg_len), 0);
+  ASSERT_EQ(responder.action(), Action::ACTION_WRITE);
+
+  size_t reply_len = 0;
+  ASSERT_EQ(responder.write_message(msg, sizeof(msg), reply_len), 0);
+  ASSERT_GT(reply_len, 0u);
+  ASSERT_EQ(responder.action(), Action::ACTION_SPLIT);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(initiator.read_message(msg, reply_len), 0);
+  initiator.split();
+
+  NoiseCipherState *send_cipher = nullptr;
+  NoiseCipherState *recv_cipher = nullptr;
+  ASSERT_EQ(responder.split(send_cipher, recv_cipher), 0);
+  ASSERT_NE(send_cipher, nullptr);
+  ASSERT_NE(recv_cipher, nullptr);
+  // The handshake state is released by split(); the class reports FAILED after
+  EXPECT_EQ(responder.action(), Action::ACTION_FAILED);
+  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<size_t>(noise_cipherstate_get_mac_length(send_cipher)), MAC_SIZE);
+
+  // Responder encrypts, initiator decrypts
+  uint8_t frame[64];
+  static constexpr char PLAINTEXT[] = "encrypted ota";
+  std::memcpy(frame, PLAINTEXT, sizeof(PLAINTEXT));
+  NoiseBuffer mbuf;
+  noise_buffer_init(mbuf);
+  noise_buffer_set_inout(mbuf, frame, sizeof(PLAINTEXT), sizeof(frame));
+  ASSERT_EQ(noise_cipherstate_encrypt(send_cipher, &mbuf), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(mbuf.size, sizeof(PLAINTEXT) + MAC_SIZE);
+
+  noise_buffer_set_inout(mbuf, frame, mbuf.size, sizeof(frame));
+  ASSERT_EQ(noise_cipherstate_decrypt(initiator.recv_, &mbuf), 0);
+  ASSERT_EQ(mbuf.size, sizeof(PLAINTEXT));
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::memcmp(frame, PLAINTEXT, sizeof(PLAINTEXT)), 0);
+
+  noise_cipherstate_free(send_cipher);
+  noise_cipherstate_free(recv_cipher);
+}
+
+TEST(NoiseResponderHandshakeTest, ReInitRestartsHandshake) {
+  // The documented retry shape: a repeated init() frees the previous state
+  // and starts over. The first message under the new key authenticating
+  // proves the restart took effect; the old state surviving would fail the
+  // MAC here.
+  NoiseResponderHandshake responder;
+  ASSERT_EQ(responder.init(make_psk(7), PROLOGUE, sizeof(PROLOGUE)), 0);
+  ASSERT_EQ(responder.init(make_psk(9), PROLOGUE, sizeof(PROLOGUE)), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(responder.action(), Action::ACTION_READ);
+
+  Initiator initiator(make_psk(9), PROLOGUE, sizeof(PROLOGUE));
+  uint8_t msg[MAX_HANDSHAKE_SIZE];
+  size_t msg_len = initiator.write_message(msg, sizeof(msg));
+  ASSERT_GT(msg_len, 0u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(responder.read_message(msg, msg_len), 0);
+}
+
+TEST(NoiseResponderHandshakeTest, WrongPskFailsWithMacFailure) {
+  NoiseResponderHandshake responder;
+  ASSERT_EQ(responder.init(make_psk(7), PROLOGUE, sizeof(PROLOGUE)), 0);
+
+  Initiator initiator(make_psk(200), PROLOGUE, sizeof(PROLOGUE));
+  uint8_t msg[MAX_HANDSHAKE_SIZE];
+  size_t msg_len = initiator.write_message(msg, sizeof(msg));
+  ASSERT_GT(msg_len, 0u);
+
+  int err = responder.read_message(msg, msg_len);
+  EXPECT_EQ(err, NOISE_ERROR_MAC_FAILURE);
+  EXPECT_EQ(responder.action(), Action::ACTION_FAILED);
+}
+
+TEST(NoiseResponderHandshakeTest, MismatchedPrologueFailsWithMacFailure) {
+  // The prologue binds the plaintext preamble for downgrade resistance; a
+  // tampered preamble must fail even with the right key.
+  const psk_t psk = make_psk(7);
+  NoiseResponderHandshake responder;
+  ASSERT_EQ(responder.init(psk, PROLOGUE, sizeof(PROLOGUE)), 0);
+
+  static const uint8_t TAMPERED[] = {'x'};
+  Initiator initiator(psk, TAMPERED, sizeof(TAMPERED));
+  uint8_t msg[MAX_HANDSHAKE_SIZE];
+  size_t msg_len = initiator.write_message(msg, sizeof(msg));
+  ASSERT_GT(msg_len, 0u);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(responder.read_message(msg, msg_len), NOISE_ERROR_MAC_FAILURE);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::noise::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/noise/test_noise_primitives.cpp b/tests/components/noise/test_noise_primitives.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..018be9f717
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/noise/test_noise_primitives.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include <noise/protocol.h>
+
+#include "esphome/components/noise/noise.h"
+
+namespace esphome::noise::testing {
+
+TEST(NoiseContextTest, AllZerosPskIsReserved) {
+  psk_t zeros{};
+  EXPECT_TRUE(NoiseContext::is_all_zeros(zeros));
+
+  psk_t psk{};
+  psk[31] = 1;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(NoiseContext::is_all_zeros(psk));
+
+  NoiseContext ctx;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.has_psk());
+  ctx.set_psk(zeros);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.has_psk());
+  ctx.set_psk(psk);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.has_psk());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.get_psk(), psk);
+}
+
+TEST(WireFormatTest, FrameHeaderIsIndicatorPlusBigEndianLength) {
+  uint8_t header[FRAME_HEADER_SIZE];
+  write_frame_header(header, 0x1234);
+  EXPECT_EQ(header[0], FRAME_INDICATOR);
+  EXPECT_EQ(header[1], 0x12);
+  EXPECT_EQ(header[2], 0x34);
+}
+
+TEST(WireFormatTest, RejectPayloadCarriesStatusByteAndMacFailureContract) {
+  // The MAC failure string is a wire contract: clients match it to report a
+  // wrong key. Format the payload exactly the way the handshake read path does.
+  uint8_t buf[64];
+  size_t len = format_reject_payload(buf, sizeof(buf), reject_reason_for(NOISE_ERROR_MAC_FAILURE));
+  static constexpr char EXPECTED[] = "Handshake MAC failure";
+  ASSERT_EQ(len, 1 + strlen(EXPECTED));
+  EXPECT_EQ(buf[0], HANDSHAKE_STATUS_REJECT);
+  EXPECT_EQ(memcmp(buf + 1, EXPECTED, strlen(EXPECTED)), 0);
+  // The exported floor covers the full MAC failure payload exactly
+  EXPECT_EQ(MAC_FAILURE_PAYLOAD_SIZE, 1 + strlen(EXPECTED));
+
+  // Any other error maps to the generic reason
+  len = format_reject_payload(buf, sizeof(buf), reject_reason_for(NOISE_ERROR_INVALID_STATE));
+  static constexpr char GENERIC[] = "Handshake error";
+  ASSERT_EQ(len, 1 + strlen(GENERIC));
+  EXPECT_EQ(memcmp(buf + 1, GENERIC, strlen(GENERIC)), 0);
+}
+
+TEST(WireFormatTest, RejectPayloadTruncatesToCapacity) {
+  uint8_t buf[8];
+  size_t len = format_reject_payload(buf, sizeof(buf), reject_reason_for(NOISE_ERROR_MAC_FAILURE));
+  ASSERT_EQ(len, sizeof(buf));
+  EXPECT_EQ(buf[0], HANDSHAKE_STATUS_REJECT);
+  EXPECT_EQ(memcmp(buf + 1, "Handsha", 7), 0);
+
+  // A one-byte buffer still carries the status byte
+  uint8_t tiny[1];
+  len = format_reject_payload(tiny, sizeof(tiny), reject_reason_for(NOISE_ERROR_MAC_FAILURE));
+  ASSERT_EQ(len, 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(tiny[0], HANDSHAKE_STATUS_REJECT);
+
+  // A zero-capacity buffer yields no payload and stays untouched
+  uint8_t none[1] = {0xAA};
+  EXPECT_EQ(format_reject_payload(none, 0, reject_reason_for(NOISE_ERROR_MAC_FAILURE)), 0u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(none[0], 0xAA);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::noise::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/online_image/common.yaml b/tests/components/online_image/common.yaml
index f71cf63de9..d8d04850cf 100644
--- a/tests/components/online_image/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/online_image/common.yaml
@@ -57,6 +57,17 @@ image:
     url: http://www.faqs.org/images/library.jpg
     format: JPG
     type: RGB565
+  - platform: online_image
+    id: online_auto_image
+    url: http://www.faqs.org/images/library.jpg
+    format: AUTO
+    type: RGB565
+  - platform: online_image
+    id: online_qoi_image
+    url: https://www.example.org/image.qoi
+    format: QOI
+    type: RGB
+    transparency: alpha_channel
 
 # Check the set_url action
 esphome:
diff --git a/tests/components/ota/encryption.yaml b/tests/components/ota/encryption.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..550d35caec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ota/encryption.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+ota:
+  - platform: esphome
+    port: 3288
+    encryption:
+      key: "AAECAwQFBgcICQoLDA0ODxAREhMUFRYXGBkaGxwdHh8="
diff --git a/tests/components/ota/encryption_inherit.yaml b/tests/components/ota/encryption_inherit.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..15ada6f810
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ota/encryption_inherit.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+api:
+  encryption:
+    key: "AAECAwQFBgcICQoLDA0ODxAREhMUFRYXGBkaGxwdHh8="
+
+ota:
+  - platform: esphome
+    port: 3289
+    encryption:
diff --git a/tests/components/ota/test-encryption.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/ota/test-encryption.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..000e38168e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ota/test-encryption.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+packages:
+  ota: !include encryption.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/ota/test-encryption.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/ota/test-encryption.esp8266-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..000e38168e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ota/test-encryption.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+packages:
+  ota: !include encryption.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/ota/test-encryption.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/ota/test-encryption.rp2040-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..000e38168e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ota/test-encryption.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+packages:
+  ota: !include encryption.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/ota/test-encryption_inherit.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/ota/test-encryption_inherit.esp8266-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..71aa083e7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ota/test-encryption_inherit.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+packages:
+  ota: !include encryption_inherit.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/ota/test_backend_contract.cpp b/tests/components/ota/test_backend_contract.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1b4fbbc32d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ota/test_backend_contract.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Pins the OTA backend contract concept so the surface it enforces cannot
+// drift unnoticed: the build's real backend and a minimal conforming type
+// must satisfy it, and a type missing a method or returning the wrong type
+// must not.
+
+#include "esphome/components/ota/ota_backend.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_host.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ota::testing {
+
+struct MinimalBackend {
+  OTAResponseTypes begin(size_t image_size, OTAType ota_type = OTA_TYPE_UPDATE_APP) { return OTA_RESPONSE_OK; }
+  void set_update_md5(const char *md5) {}
+  OTAResponseTypes write(uint8_t *data, size_t len) { return OTA_RESPONSE_OK; }
+  OTAResponseTypes end() { return OTA_RESPONSE_OK; }
+  void abort() {}
+  bool supports_compression() { return false; }
+};
+static_assert(OTABackendContract<MinimalBackend>);
+
+// Each negative case derives from MinimalBackend and breaks exactly one
+// requirement; the declaration in the derived struct hides the conforming
+// one from the base.
+
+// begin() without the default ota_type argument breaks consumers that only
+// pass the image size.
+struct BackendWithoutDefaultOTAType : MinimalBackend {
+  OTAResponseTypes begin(size_t image_size, OTAType ota_type) { return OTA_RESPONSE_OK; }
+};
+static_assert(!OTABackendContract<BackendWithoutDefaultOTAType>);
+
+struct BackendMissingAbort : MinimalBackend {
+  void abort() = delete;
+};
+static_assert(!OTABackendContract<BackendMissingAbort>);
+
+struct BackendWrongWriteReturn : MinimalBackend {
+  bool write(uint8_t *data, size_t len) { return true; }
+};
+static_assert(!OTABackendContract<BackendWrongWriteReturn>);
+
+// Pin the build's real backend, not just local mocks: the unit test harness
+// builds for the host platform, so this is the same check the factory's
+// static_assert performs in a firmware compile.
+#ifdef USE_HOST
+static_assert(OTABackendContract<HostOTABackend>);
+#endif
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ota::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/ota/test_erase_ahead.cpp b/tests/components/ota/test_erase_ahead.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f84dd8a85d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ota/test_erase_ahead.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// Pins the lazy erase-ahead arithmetic used by the ESP-IDF OTA backend: the
+// erased watermark must always cover the write end, stay 64 KiB block-aligned
+// until the clamp, and never exceed the partition.
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "esphome/components/ota/ota_backend.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ota::testing {
+
+static constexpr size_t BLOCK = 64 * 1024;
+static constexpr size_t PART = 1835008;  // 0x1C0000, a real app slot size
+
+TEST(NextEraseEnd, FirstWriteRoundsUpToOneBlock) { EXPECT_EQ(next_erase_end(1024, PART), BLOCK); }
+
+TEST(NextEraseEnd, ExactBlockBoundaryDoesNotOverErase) { EXPECT_EQ(next_erase_end(BLOCK, PART), BLOCK); }
+
+TEST(NextEraseEnd, StraddlingWriteCoversNextBlock) { EXPECT_EQ(next_erase_end(BLOCK + 1, PART), 2 * BLOCK); }
+
+TEST(NextEraseEnd, ClampsToPartitionEnd) {
+  // Partition sizes are sector multiples but not always block multiples
+  constexpr size_t part = 27 * BLOCK + 4096;
+  EXPECT_EQ(next_erase_end(27 * BLOCK + 1, part), part);
+  EXPECT_EQ(next_erase_end(part, part), part);
+}
+
+// Bootloader staging seeds erased_end_ mid-block (e.g. 0x8000); the target for
+// a write past that seed must still cover the write end.
+TEST(NextEraseEnd, MidBlockSeedStillCovered) { EXPECT_EQ(next_erase_end(0x8000 + 1024, PART), BLOCK); }
+
+TEST(NextEraseEnd, SweepAlwaysCoversWriteEndWithinPartition) {
+  for (size_t end = 1; end <= PART; end += 4093) {
+    const size_t erased = next_erase_end(end, PART);
+    ASSERT_GE(erased, end);
+    ASSERT_LE(erased, PART);
+    // Block-aligned unless clamped at the partition end
+    ASSERT_TRUE(erased == PART || erased % BLOCK == 0);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ota::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/ota/test_rsa_der.cpp b/tests/components/ota/test_rsa_der.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aefce6769a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ota/test_rsa_der.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <array>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "esphome/components/ota/ota_rsa_der.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ota::testing {
+
+namespace {
+
+// A modulus with the top bit set, as every real 3072-bit modulus has.
+std::array<uint8_t, RSA_3072_MODULUS_BYTES> make_modulus(uint8_t first = 0xC5) {
+  std::array<uint8_t, RSA_3072_MODULUS_BYTES> modulus{};
+  modulus.fill(0xAB);
+  modulus[0] = first;
+  modulus[RSA_3072_MODULUS_BYTES - 1] = 0x01;  // odd, like a real modulus
+  return modulus;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// e = 65537, the exponent espsecure uses.
+TEST(RsaDerPublicKey, StandardExponent) {
+  const auto modulus = make_modulus();
+  const uint8_t exponent[4] = {0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01};
+  uint8_t der[RSA_DER_PUBKEY_MAX];
+  const size_t len = rsa_der_public_key(modulus.data(), exponent, sizeof(exponent), der, sizeof(der));
+
+  // 4 (SEQUENCE header) + 389 (modulus) + 5 (exponent) = 398
+  ASSERT_EQ(len, 398u);
+  // SEQUENCE, 2-byte length of the 394-byte body
+  EXPECT_EQ(der[0], 0x30);
+  EXPECT_EQ(der[1], 0x82);
+  EXPECT_EQ((der[2] << 8) | der[3], 394);
+  // INTEGER, 2-byte length 385, sign pad, then the modulus
+  EXPECT_EQ(der[4], 0x02);
+  EXPECT_EQ(der[5], 0x82);
+  EXPECT_EQ((der[6] << 8) | der[7], 385);
+  EXPECT_EQ(der[8], 0x00);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, memcmp(der + 9, modulus.data(), modulus.size()));
+  // INTEGER, 3 bytes, leading zero of the input dropped
+  const size_t exp_at = 9 + RSA_3072_MODULUS_BYTES;
+  EXPECT_EQ(der[exp_at], 0x02);
+  EXPECT_EQ(der[exp_at + 1], 0x03);
+  EXPECT_EQ(der[exp_at + 2], 0x01);
+  EXPECT_EQ(der[exp_at + 3], 0x00);
+  EXPECT_EQ(der[exp_at + 4], 0x01);
+}
+
+// An exponent whose top bit is set needs a 0x00 sign pad, widening the body.
+TEST(RsaDerPublicKey, ExponentNeedingSignPad) {
+  const auto modulus = make_modulus();
+  const uint8_t exponent[4] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x81};
+  uint8_t der[RSA_DER_PUBKEY_MAX];
+  const size_t len = rsa_der_public_key(modulus.data(), exponent, sizeof(exponent), der, sizeof(der));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(len, 397u);  // 4 + 389 + 4
+  const size_t exp_at = 9 + RSA_3072_MODULUS_BYTES;
+  EXPECT_EQ(der[exp_at], 0x02);
+  EXPECT_EQ(der[exp_at + 1], 0x02);  // pad + one value byte
+  EXPECT_EQ(der[exp_at + 2], 0x00);
+  EXPECT_EQ(der[exp_at + 3], 0x81);
+}
+
+// The widest exponent still fits the documented buffer size.
+TEST(RsaDerPublicKey, WidestExponentFitsBuffer) {
+  const auto modulus = make_modulus();
+  const uint8_t exponent[4] = {0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF};
+  uint8_t der[RSA_DER_PUBKEY_MAX];
+  const size_t len = rsa_der_public_key(modulus.data(), exponent, sizeof(exponent), der, sizeof(der));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(len, RSA_DER_PUBKEY_MAX);  // 4 + 389 + 7
+  EXPECT_LE(len, sizeof(der));
+}
+
+TEST(RsaDerPublicKey, ZeroExponentRejected) {
+  const auto modulus = make_modulus();
+  const uint8_t exponent[4] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+  uint8_t der[RSA_DER_PUBKEY_MAX];
+  EXPECT_EQ(rsa_der_public_key(modulus.data(), exponent, sizeof(exponent), der, sizeof(der)), 0u);
+}
+
+// A buffer that cannot hold the result must be refused, not overrun. Sized
+// against a heap vector so ASAN catches a write past the end.
+TEST(RsaDerPublicKey, ShortBufferRejected) {
+  const auto modulus = make_modulus();
+  const uint8_t exponent[4] = {0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01};
+  for (size_t out_len : {size_t(0), size_t(1), size_t(4), size_t(100), size_t(397)}) {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> der(out_len);
+    EXPECT_EQ(rsa_der_public_key(modulus.data(), exponent, sizeof(exponent), der.data(), out_len), 0u)
+        << "out_len=" << out_len;
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ota::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/partition/common-ard.yaml b/tests/components/partition/common-ard.yaml
index b2ceadd6f7..8d39670e32 100644
--- a/tests/components/partition/common-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/partition/common-ard.yaml
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ light:
     default_transition_length: 500ms
     chipset: ws2812
     num_leds: 256
-    rgb_order: GRB
+    channel_colors: GRB
     pin: ${pin}
   - platform: partition
     name: Partition Light
diff --git a/tests/components/partition/common-idf.yaml b/tests/components/partition/common-idf.yaml
index b2ceadd6f7..8d39670e32 100644
--- a/tests/components/partition/common-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/partition/common-idf.yaml
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ light:
     default_transition_length: 500ms
     chipset: ws2812
     num_leds: 256
-    rgb_order: GRB
+    channel_colors: GRB
     pin: ${pin}
   - platform: partition
     name: Partition Light
diff --git a/tests/components/preferences/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/preferences/test.esp32-idf.yaml
index 4c7c176fdc..f0ea0f5898 100644
--- a/tests/components/preferences/test.esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/preferences/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -1,2 +1,9 @@
 preferences:
+  id: prefs_syncer
   flash_write_interval: 20s
+
+esphome:
+  on_boot:
+    then:
+      - component.suspend: prefs_syncer
+      - component.resume: prefs_syncer
diff --git a/tests/components/provisioning/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/provisioning/test.esp32-idf.yaml
index 24168881fc..baa3aa8f68 100644
--- a/tests/components/provisioning/test.esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/provisioning/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # Exercises the provisioning window: api registers as a provisioning source
-# (encryption enabled, no key), the on_timeout automation, and the wifi +
-# esp32_improv cross-component guards. improv_serial is intentionally NOT gated.
+# (encryption enabled, no key), the on_timeout automation, and the wifi (AP +
+# captive portal) and esp32_improv cross-component guards. improv_serial is
+# intentionally NOT gated.
 provisioning:
   timeout: 1min
   on_timeout:
@@ -13,6 +14,10 @@ api:
 wifi:
   ssid: MySSID
   password: password1
+  ap:
+    ssid: MyAP
+
+captive_portal:
 
 improv_serial:
 
diff --git a/tests/components/provisioning/test.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/provisioning/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
index 4188c00bef..2666477658 100644
--- a/tests/components/provisioning/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/provisioning/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 # Provisioning window on ESP8266 (no BLE Improv): api as a provisioning source
-# and the wifi reboot guard. improv_serial is present and intentionally NOT gated.
+# and the wifi (AP + captive portal) guards. improv_serial is present and
+# intentionally NOT gated.
 provisioning:
   timeout: 1min
   on_timeout:
@@ -12,5 +13,9 @@ api:
 wifi:
   ssid: MySSID
   password: password1
+  ap:
+    ssid: MyAP
+
+captive_portal:
 
 improv_serial:
diff --git a/tests/components/pvvx_mithermometer/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/pvvx_mithermometer/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b40f8cfd53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/pvvx_mithermometer/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Sensor only: the pvvx display is a GATT client and stays ESP32-only.
+sensor:
+  - platform: pvvx_mithermometer
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:4E:16:78
+    temperature:
+      name: PVVX Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: PVVX Humidity
diff --git a/tests/components/pvvx_mithermometer/common.yaml b/tests/components/pvvx_mithermometer/common.yaml
index 972f23122c..8e3e8284a6 100644
--- a/tests/components/pvvx_mithermometer/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/pvvx_mithermometer/common.yaml
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ wifi:
   password: password1
 
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 ble_client:
   - mac_address: 01:02:03:04:05:06
@@ -26,7 +27,9 @@ display:
       it.print_battery(true);
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: pvvx_mithermometer
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: A4:C1:38:4E:16:78
     temperature:
       name: PVVX Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/pvvx_mithermometer/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/pvvx_mithermometer/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8bf34382d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/pvvx_mithermometer/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  pvvx_mithermometer: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/pvvx_mithermometer/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/pvvx_mithermometer/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..756ebdf79d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/pvvx_mithermometer/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here. The display platform is excluded: it needs ble_client
+# (GATT), which only the esp32 tracker stack provides.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_hub
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: pvvx_mithermometer
+    ble_hub_id: ble_hub
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:4E:16:78
+    temperature:
+      name: BK PVVX Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/radon_eye_ble/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/radon_eye_ble/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cfa30b967f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/radon_eye_ble/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+radon_eye_ble:
diff --git a/tests/components/radon_eye_ble/common.yaml b/tests/components/radon_eye_ble/common.yaml
index 85638d5c0e..4779f5db27 100644
--- a/tests/components/radon_eye_ble/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/radon_eye_ble/common.yaml
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
+# Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
 radon_eye_ble:
+  ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
diff --git a/tests/components/radon_eye_ble/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/radon_eye_ble/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f32bca2a56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/radon_eye_ble/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  radon_eye_ble: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/radon_eye_ble/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/radon_eye_ble/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..88e69921b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/radon_eye_ble/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+# Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+radon_eye_ble:
+  ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
diff --git a/tests/components/remote_transmitter/test.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/remote_transmitter/test.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ea2feafda9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/remote_transmitter/test.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+remote_transmitter:
+  id: xmitr
+  pin: GPIO26
+  carrier_duty_percent: 50%
+  # non_blocking is bk7231n/bk7238-only; the CI board is a BK7252
+
+packages:
+  buttons: !include common-buttons.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/remote_transmitter/test.rtl87xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/remote_transmitter/test.rtl87xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..74caa24cdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/remote_transmitter/test.rtl87xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+remote_transmitter:
+  id: xmitr
+  pin: GPIO12
+  carrier_duty_percent: 50%
+  # non_blocking is rtl8720c-only; the CI board is an RTL8710B
+
+packages:
+  buttons: !include common-buttons.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/rp2040_pio_led_strip/common.yaml b/tests/components/rp2040_pio_led_strip/common.yaml
index 254ac0e13d..1cb5fe0737 100644
--- a/tests/components/rp2040_pio_led_strip/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/rp2040_pio_led_strip/common.yaml
@@ -4,14 +4,14 @@ light:
     pin: 4
     num_leds: 60
     pio: 0
-    rgb_order: GRB
+    channel_colors: GRB
     chipset: WS2812
   - platform: rp2040_pio_led_strip
     id: led_strip_custom_timings
     pin: 5
     num_leds: 60
     pio: 1
-    rgb_order: GRB
+    channel_colors: GRB
     bit0_high: .1us
     bit0_low: 1.2us
     bit1_high: .69us
diff --git a/tests/components/rp2040_pio_led_strip/validate-legacy.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/rp2040_pio_led_strip/validate-legacy.rp2040-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2ab124393b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/rp2040_pio_led_strip/validate-legacy.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# The deprecated rgb_order / is_rgbw keys, kept working until 2027.3.0.
+# Config-only: each strip below must migrate to the channel_colors shown in the comment.
+light:
+  - platform: rp2040_pio_led_strip
+    id: legacy_rgb
+    pin: 4
+    num_leds: 60
+    pio: 0
+    chipset: WS2812
+    rgb_order: GRB # -> GRB
+  - platform: rp2040_pio_led_strip
+    id: legacy_rgbw
+    pin: 5
+    num_leds: 60
+    pio: 1
+    chipset: SK6812
+    rgb_order: GRB
+    is_rgbw: true # -> GRBW
diff --git a/tests/components/rp2_ble_tracker/common-automations.yaml b/tests/components/rp2_ble_tracker/common-automations.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..273cb5bb66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/rp2_ble_tracker/common-automations.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+esphome:
+  on_boot:
+    then:
+      - rp2_ble_tracker.start_scan
+      - rp2_ble_tracker.start_scan:
+          continuous: true
+      # Lambda arm of the templatable value — different codegen instantiation.
+      - rp2_ble_tracker.start_scan:
+          continuous: !lambda return false;
+      - rp2_ble_tracker.stop_scan
+      - rp2_ble_tracker.stop_scan: ble_tracker
+
+rp2_ble_tracker:
+  on_ble_advertise:
+    - mac_address: AC:37:43:77:5F:4C
+      then:
+        - lambda: |-
+            char addr[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
+            ESP_LOGD("main", "The device address is %s", x.address_str_to(addr));
+    - mac_address:
+        - AC:37:43:77:5F:4C
+        - AC:37:43:77:5F:4D
+      then:
+        - lambda: |-
+            char addr[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
+            ESP_LOGD("main", "The device address is %s", x.address_str_to(addr));
+  on_ble_service_data_advertise:
+    - service_uuid: ABCD
+      # mac_address exercises the UUID triggers' set_address() codegen branch.
+      mac_address: AC:37:43:77:5F:4C
+      then:
+        - lambda: |-
+            ESP_LOGD("main", "Length of service data is %zu", x.size());
+    - service_uuid: ABCDABCD
+      then:
+        - lambda: |-
+            ESP_LOGD("main", "32-bit service data is %zu", x.size());
+    - service_uuid: ABCDABCD-ABCD-ABCD-ABCD-ABCDABCDABCD
+      then:
+        - lambda: |-
+            ESP_LOGD("main", "128-bit service data is %zu", x.size());
+  on_ble_manufacturer_data_advertise:
+    - manufacturer_id: ABCD
+      then:
+        - lambda: |-
+            ESP_LOGD("main", "Length of manufacturer data is %zu", x.size());
+    - manufacturer_id: ABCDABCD-ABCD-ABCD-ABCD-ABCDABCDABCD
+      then:
+        - lambda: |-
+            ESP_LOGD("main", "128-bit manufacturer data is %zu", x.size());
+  on_scan_end:
+    - then:
+        - lambda: |-
+            ESP_LOGD("main", "Scan ended");
diff --git a/tests/components/rp2_ble_tracker/test-automations.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/rp2_ble_tracker/test-automations.rp2040-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6710ee4373
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/rp2_ble_tracker/test-automations.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  rp2_ble_tracker: !include common.yaml
+  automations: !include common-automations.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/runtime_image/__init__.py b/tests/components/runtime_image/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..041db39128
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/runtime_image/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+from esphome.components.runtime_image import enable_format
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+from tests.testing_helpers import ComponentManifestOverride
+
+
+def override_manifest(manifest: ComponentManifestOverride) -> None:
+    # to_code is suppressed in cpptest builds; formats are normally enabled by
+    # process_runtime_image_config(). Enable all formats so the format-switch
+    # tests have two decoder types and every retained decoder is under test.
+    async def to_code_testing(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+        enable_format("BMP")
+        enable_format("JPEG")
+        enable_format("PNG")
+        enable_format("QOI")
+
+    manifest.to_code = to_code_testing
diff --git a/tests/components/runtime_image/test_decoder_reuse.cpp b/tests/components/runtime_image/test_decoder_reuse.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e62e2a98d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/runtime_image/test_decoder_reuse.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,421 @@
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <array>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "esphome/components/runtime_image/image_decoder.h"
+#include "esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.h"
+
+namespace esphome::runtime_image::testing {
+
+// 3x2 24bpp BMP, every pixel a unique color (rows padded to 4 bytes)
+static const uint8_t BMP_24BPP[] = {
+    0x42, 0x4D, 0x4E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x36, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x28, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xC4, 0x0E, 0x00, 0x00, 0xC4, 0x0E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x33, 0x22, 0x11, 0x77, 0x88, 0x99, 0xEF, 0xCD, 0xAB, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x10, 0xE0, 0x40, 0xC0, 0x30, 0xA0, 0x60, 0x50, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+};
+
+static const uint8_t BMP_24BPP_EXPECTED[2][3][3] = {
+    {{0xE0, 0x10, 0x20}, {0x30, 0xC0, 0x40}, {0x50, 0x60, 0xA0}},
+    {{0x11, 0x22, 0x33}, {0x99, 0x88, 0x77}, {0xAB, 0xCD, 0xEF}},
+};
+
+// 3x2 8bpp BMP with a 4-entry color table
+static const uint8_t BMP_8BPP[] = {
+    0x42, 0x4D, 0x4E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x46, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x28, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x13, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x13, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x20, 0x10, 0x00, 0xD0, 0xE0, 0xF0, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x00,
+};
+
+static const uint8_t BMP_8BPP_EXPECTED[2][3][3] = {
+    {{0x10, 0x20, 0x30}, {0xF0, 0xE0, 0xD0}, {0x00, 0xFF, 0x00}},
+    {{0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF}, {0x00, 0xFF, 0x00}, {0xF0, 0xE0, 0xD0}},
+};
+
+// 3x2 8bpp BMP with an 8-entry color table, all colors distinct from BMP_8BPP's
+static const uint8_t BMP_8BPP_BIG[] = {
+    0x42, 0x4D, 0x5E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x56, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x28, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x13, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x13, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x28, 0x18, 0x08,
+    0x00, 0xA8, 0xB8, 0xC8, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x55, 0x99,
+    0x11, 0x00, 0xCC, 0x00, 0x66, 0x00, 0x44, 0x22, 0xEE, 0x00, 0x01, 0x06, 0x04, 0x00, 0x07, 0x05, 0x03, 0x00,
+};
+
+static const uint8_t BMP_8BPP_BIG_EXPECTED[2][3][3] = {
+    {{0xEE, 0x22, 0x44}, {0x11, 0x99, 0x55}, {0x80, 0xFF, 0x00}},
+    {{0xC8, 0xB8, 0xA8}, {0x66, 0x00, 0xCC}, {0xFF, 0x80, 0x00}},
+};
+
+// 4x4 RGB PNG, every pixel a unique color
+static const uint8_t PNG_RGB[] = {
+    0x89, 0x50, 0x4E, 0x47, 0x0D, 0x0A, 0x1A, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0D, 0x49, 0x48, 0x44, 0x52, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x08, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x26, 0x93, 0x09, 0x29, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x49,
+    0x44, 0x41, 0x54, 0x78, 0x9C, 0x63, 0x60, 0x64, 0x62, 0x16, 0x50, 0x30, 0x58, 0xB0, 0xE1, 0xC0, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x0C,
+    0x0C, 0x0E, 0x0C, 0x50, 0xEC, 0xE0, 0xE0, 0xC0, 0x50, 0xCF, 0xF0, 0x9F, 0xA1, 0xFE, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7A, 0x86, 0xFA,
+    0xFF, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x42, 0x26, 0x61, 0xA9, 0xCE, 0x8A, 0xFF, 0xEE, 0xEC, 0x5A, 0x7D, 0xF6, 0x3D, 0x00, 0x81, 0xCB,
+    0x12, 0x4D, 0xB3, 0xFB, 0xD4, 0xE1, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x49, 0x45, 0x4E, 0x44, 0xAE, 0x42, 0x60, 0x82,
+};
+
+static const uint8_t PNG_RGB_EXPECTED[4][4][3] = {
+    {{0x01, 0x02, 0x03}, {0x10, 0x20, 0x30}, {0xA0, 0xB0, 0xC0}, {0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00}},
+    {{0x40, 0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x40, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00, 0x40}, {0x40, 0x40, 0x40}},
+    {{0x7F, 0x00, 0xFF}, {0x00, 0x7F, 0xFF}, {0xFF, 0x7F, 0x00}, {0x7F, 0xFF, 0x00}},
+    {{0x12, 0x34, 0x56}, {0x65, 0x43, 0x21}, {0xFE, 0xDC, 0xBA}, {0xAB, 0xCD, 0xEF}},
+};
+
+// 3x3 QOI, exercising all possible chunk types
+static const uint8_t QOI_RGBA[] = {
+    0x71, 0x6F, 0x69, 0x66,  // Header: 'qoif'
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03,  // Width: 3
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03,  // Height: 3
+    0x04,                    // Channels: 4 (RGBA)
+    0x00,                    // Colorspace: 0 (SRGB)
+    0xC1,                    // 1. QOI_OP_RUN
+    0x79,                    // 2. QOI_OP_DIFF
+    0xAA, 0x79,              // 3. QOI_OP_LUMA
+    0xFE, 0xC8, 0x64, 0x32,  // 4. QOI_OP_RGB
+    0xFF, 0x78, 0x50, 0x28,
+    0x64,                                           // 5. QOI_OP_RGBA
+    0x31,                                           // 6. QOI_OP_INDEX
+    0xC1,                                           // 7. QOI_OP_RUN
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01  // End Marker
+};
+
+static const uint8_t QOI_EXPECTED_RGBA[3][3][4] = {
+    {{0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF}, {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF}, {0x01, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF}},
+    {{0x0A, 0x0A, 0x0A, 0xFF}, {0xC8, 0x64, 0x32, 0xFF}, {0x78, 0x50, 0x28, 0x64}},
+    {{0x01, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF}, {0x01, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF}, {0x01, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF}}
+
+};
+
+/// Exposes the protected decoder machinery so reuse and eviction can be observed directly.
+class TestableRuntimeImage : public RuntimeImage {
+ public:
+  explicit TestableRuntimeImage(ImageFormat format, image::Transparency transparency = image::TRANSPARENCY_OPAQUE)
+      : RuntimeImage(format, image::IMAGE_TYPE_RGB, transparency, nullptr, false, 0, 0) {}
+
+  ImageDecoder *decoder() { return this->decoder_.get(); }
+};
+
+/// Runs one full decode session. Returns true when every stage succeeded.
+static bool decode_all(TestableRuntimeImage &img, const uint8_t *data, size_t len, ImageFormat format = AUTO) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(data, data + len);  // feed_data needs mutable bytes
+  if (!img.begin_decode(len, format)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  size_t offset = 0;
+  while (offset < len) {
+    int consumed = img.feed_data(buffer.data() + offset, len - offset);
+    if (consumed <= 0) {
+      return false;  // decode error, or no progress despite full data
+    }
+    offset += consumed;
+  }
+  return img.end_decode();
+}
+
+/// Feeds the image the way online_image's download loop does: append a small
+/// chunk to a window, feed the window, drop what was consumed, repeat. A zero
+/// return mid-stream means "need more data" and grows the window.
+static bool decode_chunked(TestableRuntimeImage &img, const uint8_t *data, size_t len, size_t chunk_size) {
+  if (!img.begin_decode(len)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  std::vector<uint8_t> window;
+  size_t supplied = 0;
+  while (supplied < len || !window.empty()) {
+    if (supplied < len) {
+      size_t take = std::min(chunk_size, len - supplied);
+      window.insert(window.end(), data + supplied, data + supplied + take);
+      supplied += take;
+    }
+    int consumed = img.feed_data(window.data(), window.size());
+    if (consumed < 0 || (consumed == 0 && supplied >= len)) {
+      return false;  // decode error, or stuck with all data supplied
+    }
+    window.erase(window.begin(), window.begin() + consumed);
+  }
+  return img.end_decode();
+}
+
+template<size_t H, size_t W> static void expect_pixels(TestableRuntimeImage &img, const uint8_t (&expected)[H][W][3]) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(img.get_width(), static_cast<int>(W));
+  ASSERT_EQ(img.get_height(), static_cast<int>(H));
+  for (size_t y = 0; y < H; y++) {
+    for (size_t x = 0; x < W; x++) {
+      SCOPED_TRACE(::testing::Message() << "pixel (" << x << "," << y << ")");
+      Color color = img.get_pixel(x, y);
+      EXPECT_THAT((std::array<uint8_t, 3>{color.r, color.g, color.b}), ::testing::ElementsAreArray(expected[y][x]));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+template<size_t H, size_t W>
+static void expect_pixels_rgba(TestableRuntimeImage &img, const uint8_t (&expected)[H][W][4]) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(img.get_width(), static_cast<int>(W));
+  ASSERT_EQ(img.get_height(), static_cast<int>(H));
+  for (size_t y = 0; y < H; y++) {
+    for (size_t x = 0; x < W; x++) {
+      SCOPED_TRACE(::testing::Message() << "pixel (" << x << "," << y << ")");
+      Color color = img.get_pixel(x, y);
+      EXPECT_THAT((std::array<uint8_t, 4>{color.r, color.g, color.b, color.w}),
+                  ::testing::ElementsAreArray(expected[y][x]));
+    }
+  }
+}
+TEST(RuntimeImageDecoder, DecoderStaysWarmAcrossDecodes) {
+  TestableRuntimeImage img(BMP);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_all(img, BMP_24BPP, sizeof(BMP_24BPP)));
+  expect_pixels(img, BMP_24BPP_EXPECTED);
+  ImageDecoder *first = img.decoder();
+  ASSERT_NE(first, nullptr);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_all(img, BMP_24BPP, sizeof(BMP_24BPP)));
+  expect_pixels(img, BMP_24BPP_EXPECTED);
+  EXPECT_EQ(img.decoder(), first) << "decoder must be reused, not reallocated";
+}
+
+TEST(RuntimeImageDecoder, SecondDecodeStartsClean) {
+  TestableRuntimeImage img(BMP);
+
+  // Palettized decode, then a 24bpp decode, then palettized again, all on the
+  // same decoder: each session must produce correct pixels for its own image.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_all(img, BMP_8BPP, sizeof(BMP_8BPP)));
+  expect_pixels(img, BMP_8BPP_EXPECTED);
+  ImageDecoder *first = img.decoder();
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_all(img, BMP_24BPP, sizeof(BMP_24BPP)));
+  expect_pixels(img, BMP_24BPP_EXPECTED);
+  EXPECT_EQ(img.decoder(), first);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_all(img, BMP_8BPP, sizeof(BMP_8BPP)));
+  expect_pixels(img, BMP_8BPP_EXPECTED);
+  EXPECT_EQ(img.decoder(), first);
+}
+
+TEST(RuntimeImageDecoder, ColorTableGrowsAndShrinksAcrossReuse) {
+  TestableRuntimeImage img(BMP);
+
+  // Small palette first: the retained table is allocated at 4 entries.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_all(img, BMP_8BPP, sizeof(BMP_8BPP)));
+  expect_pixels(img, BMP_8BPP_EXPECTED);
+  ImageDecoder *first = img.decoder();
+
+  // Growing to 8 entries on the reused decoder must reallocate, not overflow.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_all(img, BMP_8BPP_BIG, sizeof(BMP_8BPP_BIG)));
+  expect_pixels(img, BMP_8BPP_BIG_EXPECTED);
+  EXPECT_EQ(img.decoder(), first);
+
+  // Shrinking back must not surface stale colors from the larger table.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_all(img, BMP_8BPP, sizeof(BMP_8BPP)));
+  expect_pixels(img, BMP_8BPP_EXPECTED);
+  EXPECT_EQ(img.decoder(), first);
+}
+
+TEST(RuntimeImageDecoder, ChunkedFeedDecodesLikeDownloadLoop) {
+  TestableRuntimeImage img(BMP);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_chunked(img, BMP_24BPP, sizeof(BMP_24BPP), 16));
+  expect_pixels(img, BMP_24BPP_EXPECTED);
+  ImageDecoder *first = img.decoder();
+
+  // Chunked again on the warm decoder: the cross-call resume state
+  // (current_index_ / paint_index_) must have been fully reset.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_chunked(img, BMP_24BPP, sizeof(BMP_24BPP), 16));
+  expect_pixels(img, BMP_24BPP_EXPECTED);
+  EXPECT_EQ(img.decoder(), first);
+}
+
+TEST(RuntimeImageDecoder, FormatSwitchEvictsMismatchedDecoder) {
+  // Drive the format switch through begin_decode()'s format parameter, the way
+  // a dynamic-format producer (online_image MIME detection) does.
+  TestableRuntimeImage img(AUTO);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_all(img, BMP_24BPP, sizeof(BMP_24BPP), BMP));
+  ASSERT_NE(img.decoder(), nullptr);
+  ASSERT_EQ(img.decoder()->get_format(), BMP);
+  expect_pixels(img, BMP_24BPP_EXPECTED);
+
+  // Same explicit format again: the decoder must stay warm.
+  ImageDecoder *bmp_decoder = img.decoder();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_all(img, BMP_8BPP, sizeof(BMP_8BPP), BMP));
+  expect_pixels(img, BMP_8BPP_EXPECTED);
+  EXPECT_EQ(img.decoder(), bmp_decoder);
+
+  // Different format: the stale decoder must be evicted and recreated.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_all(img, PNG_RGB, sizeof(PNG_RGB), PNG));
+  EXPECT_EQ(img.decoder()->get_format(), PNG);
+  expect_pixels(img, PNG_RGB_EXPECTED);
+
+  // And back again.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_all(img, BMP_24BPP, sizeof(BMP_24BPP), BMP));
+  EXPECT_EQ(img.decoder()->get_format(), BMP);
+  expect_pixels(img, BMP_24BPP_EXPECTED);
+}
+
+TEST(RuntimeImageDecoder, AutoFormatFallsBackToConfiguredAndKeepsDecoderWarm) {
+  // With a configured format, an AUTO begin_decode() must resolve to the
+  // configured format before the reuse check instead of evicting the decoder.
+  TestableRuntimeImage img(BMP);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_all(img, BMP_24BPP, sizeof(BMP_24BPP), AUTO));
+  ImageDecoder *first = img.decoder();
+  ASSERT_NE(first, nullptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(first->get_format(), BMP);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_all(img, BMP_24BPP, sizeof(BMP_24BPP), AUTO));
+  expect_pixels(img, BMP_24BPP_EXPECTED);
+  EXPECT_EQ(img.decoder(), first) << "AUTO must not evict the configured-format decoder";
+}
+
+TEST(RuntimeImageDecoder, AutoWithoutConfiguredFormatFails) {
+  // Neither a configured format nor an explicit one: there is nothing to decode with.
+  TestableRuntimeImage img(AUTO);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(img.begin_decode(64));
+}
+
+TEST(RuntimeImageDecoder, ReleaseKeepsDecoderWarm) {
+  TestableRuntimeImage img(PNG);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_all(img, PNG_RGB, sizeof(PNG_RGB)));
+  ImageDecoder *first = img.decoder();
+  ASSERT_NE(first, nullptr);
+
+  img.release();
+  EXPECT_EQ(img.decoder(), first) << "release() must keep the decoder for reuse";
+  EXPECT_FALSE(img.is_decoding());
+  EXPECT_EQ(img.get_width(), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(img.get_height(), 0);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_all(img, PNG_RGB, sizeof(PNG_RGB)));
+  expect_pixels(img, PNG_RGB_EXPECTED);
+  EXPECT_EQ(img.decoder(), first);
+}
+
+TEST(RuntimeImageDecoder, FailedDecodeRecovers) {
+  TestableRuntimeImage img(BMP);
+
+  uint8_t garbage[32];
+  memset(garbage, 'X', sizeof(garbage));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(img.begin_decode(sizeof(garbage)));
+  EXPECT_LT(img.feed_data(garbage, sizeof(garbage)), 0) << "garbage must fail to decode";
+  img.release();
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_all(img, BMP_24BPP, sizeof(BMP_24BPP)));
+  expect_pixels(img, BMP_24BPP_EXPECTED);
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_JPEG
+// 8x8 gradient JPEG (quality 90). JPEG is lossy, so the test asserts that a
+// reused decoder reproduces the exact same pixels, not absolute colors.
+static const uint8_t JPEG_GRADIENT[] = {
+    0xFF, 0xD8, 0xFF, 0xE0, 0x00, 0x10, 0x4A, 0x46, 0x49, 0x46, 0x00, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0xFF, 0xDB, 0x00, 0x43, 0x00, 0x03, 0x02, 0x02, 0x03, 0x02, 0x02, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x04, 0x03, 0x03,
+    0x04, 0x05, 0x08, 0x05, 0x05, 0x04, 0x04, 0x05, 0x0A, 0x07, 0x07, 0x06, 0x08, 0x0C, 0x0A, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0B, 0x0A,
+    0x0B, 0x0B, 0x0D, 0x0E, 0x12, 0x10, 0x0D, 0x0E, 0x11, 0x0E, 0x0B, 0x0B, 0x10, 0x16, 0x10, 0x11, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15,
+    0x15, 0x15, 0x0C, 0x0F, 0x17, 0x18, 0x16, 0x14, 0x18, 0x12, 0x14, 0x15, 0x14, 0xFF, 0xDB, 0x00, 0x43, 0x01, 0x03,
+    0x04, 0x04, 0x05, 0x04, 0x05, 0x09, 0x05, 0x05, 0x09, 0x14, 0x0D, 0x0B, 0x0D, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14,
+    0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14,
+    0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14,
+    0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0xFF, 0xC0, 0x00, 0x11, 0x08, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x08, 0x03, 0x01, 0x22, 0x00,
+    0x02, 0x11, 0x01, 0x03, 0x11, 0x01, 0xFF, 0xC4, 0x00, 0x1F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x05, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01,
+    0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0A,
+    0x0B, 0xFF, 0xC4, 0x00, 0xB5, 0x10, 0x00, 0x02, 0x01, 0x03, 0x03, 0x02, 0x04, 0x03, 0x05, 0x05, 0x04, 0x04, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x01, 0x7D, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x00, 0x04, 0x11, 0x05, 0x12, 0x21, 0x31, 0x41, 0x06, 0x13, 0x51, 0x61, 0x07,
+    0x22, 0x71, 0x14, 0x32, 0x81, 0x91, 0xA1, 0x08, 0x23, 0x42, 0xB1, 0xC1, 0x15, 0x52, 0xD1, 0xF0, 0x24, 0x33, 0x62,
+    0x72, 0x82, 0x09, 0x0A, 0x16, 0x17, 0x18, 0x19, 0x1A, 0x25, 0x26, 0x27, 0x28, 0x29, 0x2A, 0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37,
+    0x38, 0x39, 0x3A, 0x43, 0x44, 0x45, 0x46, 0x47, 0x48, 0x49, 0x4A, 0x53, 0x54, 0x55, 0x56, 0x57, 0x58, 0x59, 0x5A,
+    0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0x6A, 0x73, 0x74, 0x75, 0x76, 0x77, 0x78, 0x79, 0x7A, 0x83, 0x84, 0x85,
+    0x86, 0x87, 0x88, 0x89, 0x8A, 0x92, 0x93, 0x94, 0x95, 0x96, 0x97, 0x98, 0x99, 0x9A, 0xA2, 0xA3, 0xA4, 0xA5, 0xA6,
+    0xA7, 0xA8, 0xA9, 0xAA, 0xB2, 0xB3, 0xB4, 0xB5, 0xB6, 0xB7, 0xB8, 0xB9, 0xBA, 0xC2, 0xC3, 0xC4, 0xC5, 0xC6, 0xC7,
+    0xC8, 0xC9, 0xCA, 0xD2, 0xD3, 0xD4, 0xD5, 0xD6, 0xD7, 0xD8, 0xD9, 0xDA, 0xE1, 0xE2, 0xE3, 0xE4, 0xE5, 0xE6, 0xE7,
+    0xE8, 0xE9, 0xEA, 0xF1, 0xF2, 0xF3, 0xF4, 0xF5, 0xF6, 0xF7, 0xF8, 0xF9, 0xFA, 0xFF, 0xC4, 0x00, 0x1F, 0x01, 0x00,
+    0x03, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03,
+    0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0A, 0x0B, 0xFF, 0xC4, 0x00, 0xB5, 0x11, 0x00, 0x02, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x04,
+    0x03, 0x04, 0x07, 0x05, 0x04, 0x04, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x77, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x11, 0x04, 0x05, 0x21, 0x31,
+    0x06, 0x12, 0x41, 0x51, 0x07, 0x61, 0x71, 0x13, 0x22, 0x32, 0x81, 0x08, 0x14, 0x42, 0x91, 0xA1, 0xB1, 0xC1, 0x09,
+    0x23, 0x33, 0x52, 0xF0, 0x15, 0x62, 0x72, 0xD1, 0x0A, 0x16, 0x24, 0x34, 0xE1, 0x25, 0xF1, 0x17, 0x18, 0x19, 0x1A,
+    0x26, 0x27, 0x28, 0x29, 0x2A, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37, 0x38, 0x39, 0x3A, 0x43, 0x44, 0x45, 0x46, 0x47, 0x48, 0x49, 0x4A,
+    0x53, 0x54, 0x55, 0x56, 0x57, 0x58, 0x59, 0x5A, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0x6A, 0x73, 0x74, 0x75,
+    0x76, 0x77, 0x78, 0x79, 0x7A, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84, 0x85, 0x86, 0x87, 0x88, 0x89, 0x8A, 0x92, 0x93, 0x94, 0x95, 0x96,
+    0x97, 0x98, 0x99, 0x9A, 0xA2, 0xA3, 0xA4, 0xA5, 0xA6, 0xA7, 0xA8, 0xA9, 0xAA, 0xB2, 0xB3, 0xB4, 0xB5, 0xB6, 0xB7,
+    0xB8, 0xB9, 0xBA, 0xC2, 0xC3, 0xC4, 0xC5, 0xC6, 0xC7, 0xC8, 0xC9, 0xCA, 0xD2, 0xD3, 0xD4, 0xD5, 0xD6, 0xD7, 0xD8,
+    0xD9, 0xDA, 0xE2, 0xE3, 0xE4, 0xE5, 0xE6, 0xE7, 0xE8, 0xE9, 0xEA, 0xF2, 0xF3, 0xF4, 0xF5, 0xF6, 0xF7, 0xF8, 0xF9,
+    0xFA, 0xFF, 0xDA, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x11, 0x03, 0x11, 0x00, 0x3F, 0x00, 0xE5, 0x3E, 0x0B, 0xFE,
+    0xC8, 0x7F, 0xEA, 0x3F, 0xD0, 0xBD, 0x3F, 0x86, 0x8A, 0x28, 0xAA, 0xC2, 0x62, 0x6A, 0xFB, 0x25, 0xA9, 0xD5, 0xC0,
+    0x7C, 0x6B, 0x9D, 0x7F, 0x62, 0xD3, 0xFD, 0xEF, 0xF5, 0xF7, 0x9F, 0xFF, 0xD9,
+};
+
+static std::vector<uint8_t> pixel_bytes(TestableRuntimeImage &img) {
+  const uint8_t *start = img.get_data_start();
+  return std::vector<uint8_t>(start, start + img.get_width_stride() * img.get_height());
+}
+
+TEST(RuntimeImageDecoder, JpegDecoderStaysWarmAcrossDecodes) {
+  TestableRuntimeImage img(JPEG);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_all(img, JPEG_GRADIENT, sizeof(JPEG_GRADIENT)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(img.get_width(), 8);
+  ASSERT_EQ(img.get_height(), 8);
+  std::vector<uint8_t> first_pixels = pixel_bytes(img);
+  ImageDecoder *first = img.decoder();
+  ASSERT_NE(first, nullptr);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_all(img, JPEG_GRADIENT, sizeof(JPEG_GRADIENT)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(img.decoder(), first);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pixel_bytes(img), first_pixels) << "reused decoder must reproduce identical pixels";
+}
+#endif  // USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_JPEG
+
+TEST(RuntimeImageDecoder, QoiDecoderStaysWarmAcrossDecodes) {
+  TestableRuntimeImage img(QOI, image::TRANSPARENCY_ALPHA_CHANNEL);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_all(img, QOI_RGBA, sizeof(QOI_RGBA)));
+  expect_pixels_rgba(img, QOI_EXPECTED_RGBA);
+  ImageDecoder *first = img.decoder();
+  ASSERT_NE(first, nullptr);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_all(img, QOI_RGBA, sizeof(QOI_RGBA)));
+  expect_pixels_rgba(img, QOI_EXPECTED_RGBA);
+  EXPECT_EQ(img.decoder(), first) << "decoder must be reused, not reallocated";
+}
+
+TEST(RuntimeImageDecoder, QoiChunkedFeedDecodesLikeDownloadLoop) {
+  TestableRuntimeImage img(QOI, image::TRANSPARENCY_ALPHA_CHANNEL);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_chunked(img, QOI_RGBA, sizeof(QOI_RGBA), 10));
+  expect_pixels_rgba(img, QOI_EXPECTED_RGBA);
+  ImageDecoder *first = img.decoder();
+
+  // Chunked again on the warm decoder: the cross-call resume state
+  // (current_index_ / paint_index_) must have been fully reset.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_chunked(img, QOI_RGBA, sizeof(QOI_RGBA), 10));
+  expect_pixels_rgba(img, QOI_EXPECTED_RGBA);
+  EXPECT_EQ(img.decoder(), first);
+}
+
+TEST(RuntimeImageDecoder, SessionFlagsTrackLifecycle) {
+  TestableRuntimeImage img(BMP);
+  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(BMP_24BPP, BMP_24BPP + sizeof(BMP_24BPP));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(img.begin_decode(buffer.size()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(img.is_decoding());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(img.is_decode_finished());
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(img.feed_data(buffer.data(), buffer.size()), static_cast<int>(buffer.size()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(img.is_decode_finished()) << "all pixel data consumed";
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(img.end_decode());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(img.is_decoding()) << "end_decode() must close the session";
+  EXPECT_FALSE(img.is_decode_finished()) << "no session means nothing is 'finished'";
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::runtime_image::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/runtime_image/test_mime_types.cpp b/tests/components/runtime_image/test_mime_types.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..22b825cff0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/runtime_image/test_mime_types.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <optional>
+
+#include "esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.h"
+
+namespace esphome::runtime_image::testing {
+
+TEST(RuntimeImageMime, FormatForKnownMimeTypes) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(get_format_for_mime_type("image/bmp"), BMP);
+  EXPECT_EQ(get_format_for_mime_type("image/x-ms-bmp"), BMP);
+  EXPECT_EQ(get_format_for_mime_type("image/x-bmp"), BMP);
+#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_JPEG
+  EXPECT_EQ(get_format_for_mime_type("image/jpeg"), JPEG);
+  EXPECT_EQ(get_format_for_mime_type("image/jpg"), JPEG);
+#endif  // USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_JPEG
+  EXPECT_EQ(get_format_for_mime_type("image/png"), PNG);
+  EXPECT_EQ(get_format_for_mime_type("image/x-png"), PNG);
+  EXPECT_EQ(get_format_for_mime_type("image/qoi"), QOI);
+  EXPECT_EQ(get_format_for_mime_type("image/x-qoi"), QOI);
+}
+
+TEST(RuntimeImageMime, FormatMatchingIsCaseInsensitive) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(get_format_for_mime_type("Image/PNG"), PNG);
+  EXPECT_EQ(get_format_for_mime_type("IMAGE/BMP"), BMP);
+}
+
+TEST(RuntimeImageMime, FormatMatchesContentTypeWithParameters) {
+  // Content-Type headers may carry parameters after the media type
+  EXPECT_EQ(get_format_for_mime_type("image/png; charset=binary"), PNG);
+  EXPECT_EQ(get_format_for_mime_type("image/bmp;name=\"a.bmp\""), BMP);
+}
+
+TEST(RuntimeImageMime, UnknownMimeTypeHasNoFormat) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(get_format_for_mime_type("text/html"), std::nullopt);
+  EXPECT_EQ(get_format_for_mime_type("application/octet-stream"), std::nullopt);
+  EXPECT_EQ(get_format_for_mime_type("image/*"), std::nullopt);
+  EXPECT_EQ(get_format_for_mime_type(""), std::nullopt);
+  EXPECT_EQ(get_format_for_mime_type(nullptr), std::nullopt);
+}
+
+TEST(RuntimeImageMime, MimeTypeForFormatRoundTrip) {
+  EXPECT_STREQ(get_mime_type_for_format(BMP), "image/bmp");
+#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_JPEG
+  EXPECT_STREQ(get_mime_type_for_format(JPEG), "image/jpeg");
+#endif  // USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_JPEG
+  EXPECT_STREQ(get_mime_type_for_format(PNG), "image/png");
+  EXPECT_STREQ(get_mime_type_for_format(QOI), "image/qoi");
+  // AUTO has no single MIME type and falls back to the wildcard
+  EXPECT_STREQ(get_mime_type_for_format(AUTO), "image/*");
+
+  // Every decodable format must resolve back to itself through its MIME type
+  for (ImageFormat format : {
+           BMP,
+#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_JPEG
+           JPEG,
+#endif  // USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_JPEG
+           PNG,
+           QOI,
+       }) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(get_format_for_mime_type(get_mime_type_for_format(format)), format) << format;
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::runtime_image::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/ruuvi_ble/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/ruuvi_ble/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..39e578f349
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ruuvi_ble/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ruuvi_ble:
diff --git a/tests/components/ruuvi_ble/common.yaml b/tests/components/ruuvi_ble/common.yaml
index 1f155fd8e1..0221d865ef 100644
--- a/tests/components/ruuvi_ble/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/ruuvi_ble/common.yaml
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
+# Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
 ruuvi_ble:
+  ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
diff --git a/tests/components/ruuvi_ble/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/ruuvi_ble/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5cc6a112ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ruuvi_ble/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  ruuvi_ble: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/ruuvi_ble/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/ruuvi_ble/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c0436c0031
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ruuvi_ble/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+# Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+ruuvi_ble:
+  ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
diff --git a/tests/components/ruuvitag/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/ruuvitag/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3219624340
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ruuvitag/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: ruuvitag
+    mac_address: FF:56:D3:2F:7D:E8
+    humidity:
+      name: RuuviTag Humidity
+    temperature:
+      name: RuuviTag Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/ruuvitag/common.yaml b/tests/components/ruuvitag/common.yaml
index 7990617710..ce6abf5bb5 100644
--- a/tests/components/ruuvitag/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/ruuvitag/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: ruuvitag
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: FF:56:D3:2F:7D:E8
     humidity:
       name: RuuviTag Humidity
diff --git a/tests/components/ruuvitag/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/ruuvitag/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9b0d8c2c58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ruuvitag/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  ruuvitag: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/ruuvitag/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/ruuvitag/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..967df8e53f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ruuvitag/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: ruuvitag
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: FF:56:D3:2F:7D:E8
+    humidity:
+      name: RuuviTag Humidity
+    temperature:
+      name: RuuviTag Temperature
+    pressure:
+      name: RuuviTag Pressure
+    acceleration:
+      name: RuuviTag Acceleration
+    acceleration_x:
+      name: RuuviTag Acceleration X
+    acceleration_y:
+      name: RuuviTag Acceleration Y
+    acceleration_z:
+      name: RuuviTag Acceleration Z
+    battery_voltage:
+      name: RuuviTag Battery Voltage
+    tx_power:
+      name: RuuviTag TX Power
+    movement_counter:
+      name: RuuviTag Movement Counter
+    measurement_sequence_number:
+      name: RuuviTag Measurement Sequence Number
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: ruuvitag
+    mac_address: FF:56:D3:2F:7D:E9
+    temperature:
+      name: BK RuuviTag Implicit Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/sen6x/common.yaml b/tests/components/sen6x/common.yaml
index 859e012c4a..c9b6f22c0f 100644
--- a/tests/components/sen6x/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/sen6x/common.yaml
@@ -28,8 +28,21 @@ sensor:
       accuracy_decimals: 1
     nox_index:
       name: NOx Index
+      algorithm_tuning:
+        index_offset: 8
+        learning_time_offset_hours: 6
+        learning_time_gain_hours: 24
+        gating_max_duration_minutes: 900
+        gain_factor: 180
     voc_index:
       name: VOC Index
+      algorithm_tuning:
+        index_offset: 120
+        learning_time_offset_hours: 6
+        learning_time_gain_hours: 24
+        gating_max_duration_minutes: 240
+        std_initial: 75
+        gain_factor: 180
     co2:
       name: Carbon Dioxide
     formaldehyde:
diff --git a/tests/components/sen6x/validate.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/sen6x/validate.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3ae23af4ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/sen6x/validate.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# Config-only: partial algorithm_tuning blocks, so the schema defaults fill in the
+# keys that are left out.
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp32-idf.yaml
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: sen6x
+    id: sen6x_partial_tuning
+    type: SEN65
+    i2c_id: i2c_bus
+    voc_index:
+      name: VOC Index
+      algorithm_tuning:
+        index_offset: 60
+    nox_index:
+      name: NOx Index
+      algorithm_tuning:
+        gain_factor: 45
diff --git a/tests/components/sendspin/common-action.yaml b/tests/components/sendspin/common-action.yaml
index 16f19ad7d1..1bba06ab46 100644
--- a/tests/components/sendspin/common-action.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/sendspin/common-action.yaml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # `sendspin.switch` action enables the controller role, so we use a standalone test
 packages:
-  base: !include common.yaml
+  sendspin: !include common.yaml
 
 wifi:
   on_connect:
diff --git a/tests/components/sendspin/common-ethernet.yaml b/tests/components/sendspin/common-ethernet.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..276163cda1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/sendspin/common-ethernet.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+packages:
+  sendspin_hub: !include common-hub.yaml
+
+ethernet:
+  type: OPENETH
diff --git a/tests/components/sendspin/common-hub.yaml b/tests/components/sendspin/common-hub.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7a6a9ffd4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/sendspin/common-hub.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+psram:
+  mode: quad
+
+sendspin:
+  id: sendspin_hub_id
+  task_stack_in_psram: true
diff --git a/tests/components/sendspin/common-image.yaml b/tests/components/sendspin/common-image.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7c32a5e257
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/sendspin/common-image.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+packages:
+  sendspin: !include common.yaml
+
+display:
+  - platform: ili9xxx
+    spi_id: spi_bus
+    id: main_lcd
+    model: ili9342
+    cs_pin: 20
+    dc_pin: 13
+    reset_pin: 21
+    invert_colors: true
+    lambda: |-
+      it.fill(Color(0, 0, 0));
+      it.image(0, 0, id(album_art));
+
+image:
+  - platform: sendspin
+    id: album_slot
+    format: JPEG
+    type: RGB565
+    resize: 240x240
+    source: ALBUM
+    current_image:
+      id: album_art
+    transition_image:
+      id: album_art_transition
+    on_image_display:
+      - logger.log:
+          format: "Album art displayed (late by %u ms)"
+          args: ["(unsigned) lateness_ms"]
+      # Stand-in for a display transition; with a transition image every display must end
+      # with transition_finished so the library releases the next artwork frame.
+      - delay: 300ms
+      - sendspin.image.transition_finished: album_slot
+    on_image_clear:
+      - logger.log: "Album art cleared"
+    on_image_error:
+      - logger.log: "Album art error"
+  - platform: sendspin
+    id: artist_slot
+    format: PNG
+    type: RGB565
+    resize: 96x96
+    source: ARTIST
+    current_image:
+      id: artist_art
diff --git a/tests/components/sendspin/common-media_player.yaml b/tests/components/sendspin/common-media_player.yaml
index d3792cf470..afb8b992f3 100644
--- a/tests/components/sendspin/common-media_player.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/sendspin/common-media_player.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-<<: !include common.yaml
+packages:
+  sendspin: !include common.yaml
 
 media_player:
   - platform: sendspin
diff --git a/tests/components/sendspin/common-media_source.yaml b/tests/components/sendspin/common-media_source.yaml
index 5b33a54647..1977b79c04 100644
--- a/tests/components/sendspin/common-media_source.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/sendspin/common-media_source.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-<<: !include common.yaml
+packages:
+  sendspin: !include common.yaml
 
 media_source:
   - platform: sendspin
diff --git a/tests/components/sendspin/common-sensor.yaml b/tests/components/sendspin/common-sensor.yaml
index 6d9745cff9..6467e38b90 100644
--- a/tests/components/sendspin/common-sensor.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/sendspin/common-sensor.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-<<: !include common.yaml
+packages:
+  sendspin: !include common.yaml
 
 sensor:
   - platform: sendspin
diff --git a/tests/components/sendspin/common-text_sensor.yaml b/tests/components/sendspin/common-text_sensor.yaml
index fc6a56a21a..23111e8d37 100644
--- a/tests/components/sendspin/common-text_sensor.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/sendspin/common-text_sensor.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-<<: !include common.yaml
+packages:
+  sendspin: !include common.yaml
 
 text_sensor:
   - platform: sendspin
diff --git a/tests/components/sendspin/common.yaml b/tests/components/sendspin/common.yaml
index 9d7da76758..980635b4e3 100644
--- a/tests/components/sendspin/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/sendspin/common.yaml
@@ -1,9 +1,5 @@
+packages:
+  sendspin_hub: !include common-hub.yaml
+
 wifi:
   ap:
-
-psram:
-  mode: quad
-
-sendspin:
-  id: sendspin_hub_id
-  task_stack_in_psram: true
diff --git a/tests/components/sendspin/test-action.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/sendspin/test-action.esp32-idf.yaml
index 70a7ee1bad..080eb59034 100644
--- a/tests/components/sendspin/test-action.esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/sendspin/test-action.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
-<<: !include common-action.yaml
+packages:
+  sendspin: !include common-action.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/sendspin/test-ethernet.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/sendspin/test-ethernet.esp32-idf.yaml
index 069e397d99..09a951d211 100644
--- a/tests/components/sendspin/test-ethernet.esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/sendspin/test-ethernet.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -1,9 +1,2 @@
-ethernet:
-  type: OPENETH
-
-psram:
-  mode: quad
-
-sendspin:
-  id: sendspin_hub_id
-  task_stack_in_psram: true
+packages:
+  sendspin: !include common-ethernet.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/sendspin/test-image-lvgl.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/sendspin/test-image-lvgl.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9084d77262
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/sendspin/test-image-lvgl.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+packages:
+  spi: !include ../../test_build_components/common/spi/esp32-idf.yaml
+  sendspin: !include common.yaml
+
+display:
+  - platform: ili9xxx
+    spi_id: spi_bus
+    id: main_lcd
+    model: ili9342
+    cs_pin: 20
+    dc_pin: 13
+    reset_pin: 21
+    invert_colors: true
+    auto_clear_enabled: false
+
+lvgl:
+  displays:
+    - main_lcd
+  animations:
+    # Fades the top widget out to reveal the new artwork underneath. Starting it also snaps the
+    # widget back to full opacity, and on_stop acks the transition so the library can deliver the
+    # next artwork.
+    - id: album_art_crossfade
+      duration: 2s
+      widgets:
+        - id: outgoing_art
+          opa:
+            from: 100%
+            to: 0%
+      on_stop:
+        - sendspin.image.transition_finished: album_slot
+  widgets:
+    # Cross-fade pair: the bottom widget always shows the current artwork; the top widget is
+    # pointed at the outgoing frame on each display event and faded out over it.
+    - image:
+        id: incoming_art
+        src: album_art
+    - image:
+        id: outgoing_art
+        src: album_art
+
+image:
+  - platform: sendspin
+    id: album_slot
+    format: JPEG
+    type: RGB565
+    resize: 240x240
+    source: ALBUM
+    # Start the fade 1s before the track boundary so the 2s cross-fade straddles it.
+    display_offset: 1s
+    current_image:
+      id: album_art
+    transition_image:
+      id: album_art_transition
+    on_image_display:
+      # A widget keeps drawing the buffer it was last pointed at until its source is set again, so
+      # both widgets are re-pointed on every display: the top widget at the outgoing frame
+      # (covering the bottom), the bottom widget at the new frame. The transition image is black
+      # before the first artwork, so the first fade needs no special case.
+      - lvgl.image.update:
+          id: outgoing_art
+          src: album_art_transition
+      - lvgl.image.update:
+          id: incoming_art
+          src: album_art
+      - lvgl.animation.start: album_art_crossfade
diff --git a/tests/components/sendspin/test-image.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/sendspin/test-image.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a4f9e492c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/sendspin/test-image.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  spi: !include ../../test_build_components/common/spi/esp32-idf.yaml
+  sendspin: !include common-image.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/sendspin/test-media_player.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/sendspin/test-media_player.esp32-idf.yaml
index cbbdb07c77..bcd4062bbe 100644
--- a/tests/components/sendspin/test-media_player.esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/sendspin/test-media_player.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
-<<: !include common-media_player.yaml
+packages:
+  sendspin: !include common-media_player.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/sendspin/test-media_source.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/sendspin/test-media_source.esp32-idf.yaml
index 47aeb2257c..faadccb06d 100644
--- a/tests/components/sendspin/test-media_source.esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/sendspin/test-media_source.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
-<<: !include common-media_source.yaml
+packages:
+  sendspin: !include common-media_source.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/sendspin/test-sensor.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/sendspin/test-sensor.esp32-idf.yaml
index f9127d47bc..1646902ca3 100644
--- a/tests/components/sendspin/test-sensor.esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/sendspin/test-sensor.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
-<<: !include common-sensor.yaml
+packages:
+  sendspin: !include common-sensor.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/sendspin/test-text_sensor.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/sendspin/test-text_sensor.esp32-idf.yaml
index 8998b8896e..69cf8e63fb 100644
--- a/tests/components/sendspin/test-text_sensor.esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/sendspin/test-text_sensor.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
-<<: !include common-text_sensor.yaml
+packages:
+  sendspin: !include common-text_sensor.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/sendspin/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/sendspin/test.esp32-idf.yaml
index dade44d145..36667f7fae 100644
--- a/tests/components/sendspin/test.esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/sendspin/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
-<<: !include common.yaml
+packages:
+  sendspin: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/sfa40/common.yaml b/tests/components/sfa40/common.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d883e02cb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/sfa40/common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: sfa40
+    i2c_id: i2c_bus
+    wait_for_ready: false
+    formaldehyde:
+      name: SFA40 formaldehyde
+    temperature:
+      name: SFA40 temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: SFA40 humidity
+    address: 0x5D
+    update_interval: 30s
diff --git a/tests/components/sfa40/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/sfa40/test.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ff65829346
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/sfa40/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp32-idf.yaml
+  sfa40: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/sfa40/test.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/sfa40/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..11c0bcbfc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/sfa40/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp8266-ard.yaml
+  sfa40: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/sfa40/test.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/sfa40/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7c7f8acdf6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/sfa40/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/rp2040-ard.yaml
+  sfa40: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/sfa40/validate.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/sfa40/validate.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6f65ac4bdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/sfa40/validate.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp32-idf.yaml
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: sfa40
+    i2c_id: i2c_bus
+    wait_for_ready: true
+    formaldehyde:
+      name: SFA40 formaldehyde
diff --git a/tests/components/spi_device/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml b/tests/components/spi_device/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..41dc178c19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/spi_device/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+packages:
+  spi: !include ../../test_build_components/common/spi/esp32-s3-idf.yaml
+  common: !include common.yaml
+psram:
+  mode: octal
+spi_device:
+  - id: spi_device_psram_dma_test
+    psram_dma: true
+    data_rate: 1MHz
+    spi_mode: 0
diff --git a/tests/components/thermopro_ble/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/thermopro_ble/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..10aff2d658
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/thermopro_ble/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: thermopro_ble
+    mac_address: FE:74:B8:6A:97:B7
+    temperature:
+      name: ThermoPro Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: ThermoPro Humidity
diff --git a/tests/components/thermopro_ble/common.yaml b/tests/components/thermopro_ble/common.yaml
index 297725e1c3..63fab83c01 100644
--- a/tests/components/thermopro_ble/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/thermopro_ble/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: thermopro_ble
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: FE:74:B8:6A:97:B7
     temperature:
       name: "ThermoPro Temperature"
diff --git a/tests/components/thermopro_ble/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/thermopro_ble/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b3a59e83fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/thermopro_ble/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  thermopro_ble: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/thermopro_ble/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/thermopro_ble/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8f1ec417be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/thermopro_ble/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: thermopro_ble
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: FE:74:B8:6A:97:B7
+    temperature:
+      name: "ThermoPro Temperature"
+    humidity:
+      name: "ThermoPro Humidity"
+    battery_level:
+      name: "ThermoPro Battery Level"
+    signal_strength:
+      name: "ThermoPro Signal Strength"
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: thermopro_ble
+    mac_address: FE:74:B8:6A:97:B8
+    temperature:
+      name: BK ThermoPro Implicit Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/time/__init__.py b/tests/components/time/__init__.py
index 7f68003e29..8b4fd955f2 100644
--- a/tests/components/time/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/components/time/__init__.py
@@ -4,6 +4,6 @@ from tests.testing_helpers import ComponentManifestOverride
 
 def override_manifest(manifest: ComponentManifestOverride) -> None:
     async def to_code(config):
-        cg.add_build_flag("-DUSE_TIME_TIMEZONE")
+        cg.add_define("USE_TIME_TIMEZONE")
 
     manifest.to_code = to_code
diff --git a/tests/components/time/posix_tz_parser.cpp b/tests/components/time/posix_tz.cpp
similarity index 56%
rename from tests/components/time/posix_tz_parser.cpp
rename to tests/components/time/posix_tz.cpp
index 440eea608d..760328a518 100644
--- a/tests/components/time/posix_tz_parser.cpp
+++ b/tests/components/time/posix_tz.cpp
@@ -1,14 +1,7 @@
-// Tests for the POSIX TZ parser, time conversion functions, and ESPTime::strptime.
+// Tests for time conversion functions, DST detection, and ESPTime::strptime.
 //
-// Most tests here cover the C++ POSIX TZ string parser (parse_posix_tz), which is
-// bridge code for backward compatibility — it will be removed before ESPHome 2026.9.0.
-// After https://github.com/esphome/esphome/pull/14233 merges, the parser is solely
-// used to handle timezone strings from Home Assistant clients older than 2026.3.0
-// that haven't been updated to send the pre-parsed ParsedTimezone protobuf struct.
-// See https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/91
-//
-// The epoch_to_local_tm, is_in_dst, and ESPTime::strptime tests cover conversion
-// functions that will remain permanently.
+// These tests cover the permanent timezone functions: epoch_to_local_tm, is_in_dst,
+// calculate_dst_transition, and the internal helper functions they depend on.
 
 // Enable USE_TIME_TIMEZONE for tests
 #define USE_TIME_TIMEZONE
@@ -16,6 +9,8 @@
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <ctime>
+#include <string>
+#include <tuple>
 #include "esphome/components/time/posix_tz.h"
 #include "esphome/core/time.h"
 
@@ -35,435 +30,83 @@ static time_t make_utc(int year, int month, int day, int hour = 0, int min = 0,
   return days * 86400 + hour * 3600 + min * 60 + sec;
 }
 
-// ============================================================================
-// Basic TZ string parsing tests
-// ============================================================================
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseSimpleOffsetEST5) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, 5 * 3600);  // +5 hours (west of UTC)
-  EXPECT_FALSE(tz.has_dst());
+// Helper to build a US Eastern timezone (EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2)
+static ParsedTimezone make_us_eastern() {
+  ParsedTimezone tz{};
+  tz.std_offset_seconds = 5 * 3600;
+  tz.dst_offset_seconds = 4 * 3600;
+  tz.dst_start.type = DSTRuleType::MONTH_WEEK_DAY;
+  tz.dst_start.month = 3;
+  tz.dst_start.week = 2;
+  tz.dst_start.day_of_week = 0;
+  tz.dst_start.time_seconds = 2 * 3600;
+  tz.dst_end.type = DSTRuleType::MONTH_WEEK_DAY;
+  tz.dst_end.month = 11;
+  tz.dst_end.week = 1;
+  tz.dst_end.day_of_week = 0;
+  tz.dst_end.time_seconds = 2 * 3600;
+  return tz;
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseNegativeOffsetCET) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("CET-1", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, -1 * 3600);  // -1 hour (east of UTC)
-  EXPECT_FALSE(tz.has_dst());
+// Helper to build a US Central timezone (CST6CDT,M3.2.0,M11.1.0)
+static ParsedTimezone make_us_central() {
+  ParsedTimezone tz{};
+  tz.std_offset_seconds = 6 * 3600;
+  tz.dst_offset_seconds = 5 * 3600;
+  tz.dst_start.type = DSTRuleType::MONTH_WEEK_DAY;
+  tz.dst_start.month = 3;
+  tz.dst_start.week = 2;
+  tz.dst_start.day_of_week = 0;
+  tz.dst_start.time_seconds = 2 * 3600;
+  tz.dst_end.type = DSTRuleType::MONTH_WEEK_DAY;
+  tz.dst_end.month = 11;
+  tz.dst_end.week = 1;
+  tz.dst_end.day_of_week = 0;
+  tz.dst_end.time_seconds = 2 * 3600;
+  return tz;
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseExplicitPositiveOffset) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("TEST+5", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, 5 * 3600);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(tz.has_dst());
+// Helper to build New Zealand timezone (NZST-12NZDT,M9.5.0,M4.1.0/3)
+static ParsedTimezone make_new_zealand() {
+  ParsedTimezone tz{};
+  tz.std_offset_seconds = -12 * 3600;
+  tz.dst_offset_seconds = -13 * 3600;
+  tz.dst_start.type = DSTRuleType::MONTH_WEEK_DAY;
+  tz.dst_start.month = 9;
+  tz.dst_start.week = 5;
+  tz.dst_start.day_of_week = 0;
+  tz.dst_start.time_seconds = 2 * 3600;
+  tz.dst_end.type = DSTRuleType::MONTH_WEEK_DAY;
+  tz.dst_end.month = 4;
+  tz.dst_end.week = 1;
+  tz.dst_end.day_of_week = 0;
+  tz.dst_end.time_seconds = 3 * 3600;
+  return tz;
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseZeroOffset) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("UTC0", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, 0);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(tz.has_dst());
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseUSEasternWithDST) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.0,M11.1.0", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, 5 * 3600);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_offset_seconds, 4 * 3600);  // Default: STD - 1hr
-  EXPECT_TRUE(tz.has_dst());
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.month, 3);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.week, 2);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.day_of_week, 0);          // Sunday
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.time_seconds, 2 * 3600);  // Default 2:00 AM
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.month, 11);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.week, 1);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.day_of_week, 0);
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseUSCentralWithTime) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("CST6CDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, 6 * 3600);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_offset_seconds, 5 * 3600);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.time_seconds, 2 * 3600);  // 2:00 AM
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.time_seconds, 2 * 3600);
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseEuropeBerlin) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("CET-1CEST,M3.5.0,M10.5.0/3", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, -1 * 3600);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_offset_seconds, -2 * 3600);  // Default: STD - 1hr
-  EXPECT_TRUE(tz.has_dst());
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.month, 3);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.week, 5);  // Last week
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.month, 10);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.week, 5);                 // Last week
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.time_seconds, 3 * 3600);  // 3:00 AM
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseNewZealand) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // Southern hemisphere - DST starts in Sept, ends in April
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("NZST-12NZDT,M9.5.0,M4.1.0/3", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, -12 * 3600);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_offset_seconds, -13 * 3600);  // Default: STD - 1hr
-  EXPECT_TRUE(tz.has_dst());
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.month, 9);  // September
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.month, 4);    // April
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseExplicitDstOffset) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // Some places have non-standard DST offsets
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("TEST5DST4,M3.2.0,M11.1.0", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, 5 * 3600);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_offset_seconds, 4 * 3600);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(tz.has_dst());
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// Angle-bracket notation tests (espressif/newlib-esp32#8)
-// ============================================================================
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseAngleBracketPositive) {
-  // Format: <+07>-7 means UTC+7 (name is "+07", offset is -7 hours east)
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("<+07>-7", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, -7 * 3600);  // -7 = 7 hours east of UTC
-  EXPECT_FALSE(tz.has_dst());
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseAngleBracketNegative) {
-  // <-03>3 means UTC-3 (name is "-03", offset is 3 hours west)
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("<-03>3", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, 3 * 3600);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(tz.has_dst());
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseAngleBracketWithDST) {
-  // <+10>-10<+11>,M10.1.0,M4.1.0/3 (Australia/Sydney style)
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("<+10>-10<+11>,M10.1.0,M4.1.0/3", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, -10 * 3600);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_offset_seconds, -11 * 3600);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(tz.has_dst());
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.month, 10);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.month, 4);
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseAngleBracketNamed) {
-  // <AEST>-10 (Australian Eastern Standard Time)
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("<AEST>-10", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, -10 * 3600);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(tz.has_dst());
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseAngleBracketWithMinutes) {
-  // <+0545>-5:45 (Nepal)
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("<+0545>-5:45", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, -(5 * 3600 + 45 * 60));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(tz.has_dst());
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// Half-hour and unusual offset tests
-// ============================================================================
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseOffsetWithMinutesIndia) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // India: UTC+5:30
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("IST-5:30", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, -(5 * 3600 + 30 * 60));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(tz.has_dst());
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseOffsetWithMinutesNepal) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // Nepal: UTC+5:45
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("NPT-5:45", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, -(5 * 3600 + 45 * 60));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(tz.has_dst());
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseOffsetWithSeconds) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // Unusual but valid: offset with seconds
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("TEST-1:30:30", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, -(1 * 3600 + 30 * 60 + 30));
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseChathamIslands) {
-  // Chatham Islands: UTC+12:45 with DST
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("<+1245>-12:45<+1345>,M9.5.0/2:45,M4.1.0/3:45", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, -(12 * 3600 + 45 * 60));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_offset_seconds, -(13 * 3600 + 45 * 60));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(tz.has_dst());
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// Invalid input tests
-// ============================================================================
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseEmptyStringFails) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz("", tz));
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseNullFails) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz(nullptr, tz));
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseShortNameFails) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // TZ name must be at least 3 characters
-  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz("AB5", tz));
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseMissingOffsetFails) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz("EST", tz));
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseUnterminatedBracketFails) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz("<+07-7", tz));  // Missing closing >
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// J-format and plain day number tests
-// ============================================================================
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseJFormatBasic) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // J format: Julian day 1-365, not counting Feb 29
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,J60,J305", tz));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(tz.has_dst());
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.type, DSTRuleType::JULIAN_NO_LEAP);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.day, 60);  // March 1
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.type, DSTRuleType::JULIAN_NO_LEAP);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.day, 305);  // November 1
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseJFormatWithTime) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,J60/2,J305/2", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.day, 60);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.time_seconds, 2 * 3600);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.day, 305);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.time_seconds, 2 * 3600);
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParsePlainDayNumber) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // Plain format: day 0-365, counting Feb 29 in leap years
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,59,304", tz));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(tz.has_dst());
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.type, DSTRuleType::DAY_OF_YEAR);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.day, 59);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.type, DSTRuleType::DAY_OF_YEAR);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.day, 304);
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, JFormatInvalidDayZero) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // J format day must be 1-365, not 0
-  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,J0,J305", tz));
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, JFormatInvalidDay366) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // J format day must be 1-365
-  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,J366,J305", tz));
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParsePlainDayNumberWithTime) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,59/3,304/1:30", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.day, 59);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.time_seconds, 3 * 3600);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.day, 304);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.time_seconds, 1 * 3600 + 30 * 60);
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, PlainDayInvalidDay366) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // Plain format day must be 0-365
-  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,366,304", tz));
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// Transition time edge cases (POSIX V3 allows -167 to +167 hours)
-// ============================================================================
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, NegativeTransitionTime) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // Negative transition time: /-1 means 11 PM (23:00) the previous day
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/-1,M11.1.0/2", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.time_seconds, -1 * 3600);  // -1 hour = 11 PM previous day
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.time_seconds, 2 * 3600);
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, NegativeTransitionTimeWithMinutes) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // /-1:30 means 10:30 PM the previous day
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/-1:30,M11.1.0", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.time_seconds, -(1 * 3600 + 30 * 60));
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, LargeTransitionTime) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // POSIX V3 allows transition times from -167 to +167 hours
-  // /25 means 1:00 AM the next day
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/25,M11.1.0", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.time_seconds, 25 * 3600);
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, MaxTransitionTime167Hours) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // Maximum allowed transition time per POSIX V3
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/167,M11.1.0", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.time_seconds, 167 * 3600);
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, TransitionTimeWithHoursMinutesSeconds) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2:30:45,M11.1.0", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.time_seconds, 2 * 3600 + 30 * 60 + 45);
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// Invalid M format tests
-// ============================================================================
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, MFormatInvalidMonth13) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // Month must be 1-12
-  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M13.1.0,M11.1.0", tz));
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, MFormatInvalidMonth0) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // Month must be 1-12
-  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M0.1.0,M11.1.0", tz));
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, MFormatInvalidWeek6) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // Week must be 1-5
-  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.6.0,M11.1.0", tz));
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, MFormatInvalidWeek0) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // Week must be 1-5
-  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.0.0,M11.1.0", tz));
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, MFormatInvalidDayOfWeek7) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // Day of week must be 0-6
-  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.7,M11.1.0", tz));
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, MissingEndRule) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // POSIX requires both start and end rules if any rules are specified
-  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.0", tz));
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, MissingEndRuleJFormat) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // POSIX requires both start and end rules if any rules are specified
-  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,J60", tz));
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, MissingEndRulePlainDay) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // POSIX requires both start and end rules if any rules are specified
-  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,60", tz));
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, LowercaseMFormat) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // Lowercase 'm' should be accepted
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,m3.2.0,m11.1.0", tz));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(tz.has_dst());
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.month, 3);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.month, 11);
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, LowercaseJFormat) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // Lowercase 'j' should be accepted
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,j60,j305", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.type, DSTRuleType::JULIAN_NO_LEAP);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.day, 60);
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, DstNameWithoutRules) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // DST name present but no rules - treat as no DST since we can't determine transitions
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT", tz));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(tz.has_dst());
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, 5 * 3600);
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, TrailingCharactersIgnored) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // Trailing characters after valid TZ should be ignored (parser stops at end of valid input)
-  // This matches libc behavior
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5 extra garbage here", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, 5 * 3600);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(tz.has_dst());
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, PlainDay365LeapYear) {
-  // Day 365 in leap year is Dec 31
-  int month, day;
-  internal::day_of_year_to_month_day(365, 2024, month, day);
-  EXPECT_EQ(month, 12);
-  EXPECT_EQ(day, 31);
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, PlainDay364NonLeapYear) {
-  // Day 364 (0-indexed) is Dec 31 in non-leap year (last valid day)
-  int month, day;
-  internal::day_of_year_to_month_day(364, 2025, month, day);
-  EXPECT_EQ(month, 12);
-  EXPECT_EQ(day, 31);
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// Large offset tests
-// ============================================================================
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, MaxOffset14Hours) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // Line Islands (Kiribati) is UTC+14, the maximum offset
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("<+14>-14", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, -14 * 3600);
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, MaxNegativeOffset12Hours) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // Baker Island is UTC-12
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("<-12>12", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, 12 * 3600);
+// Helper to build Australia/Sydney timezone (AEST-10AEDT,M10.1.0,M4.1.0/3)
+static ParsedTimezone make_australia_sydney() {
+  ParsedTimezone tz{};
+  tz.std_offset_seconds = -10 * 3600;
+  tz.dst_offset_seconds = -11 * 3600;
+  tz.dst_start.type = DSTRuleType::MONTH_WEEK_DAY;
+  tz.dst_start.month = 10;
+  tz.dst_start.week = 1;
+  tz.dst_start.day_of_week = 0;
+  tz.dst_start.time_seconds = 2 * 3600;
+  tz.dst_end.type = DSTRuleType::MONTH_WEEK_DAY;
+  tz.dst_end.month = 4;
+  tz.dst_end.week = 1;
+  tz.dst_end.day_of_week = 0;
+  tz.dst_end.time_seconds = 3 * 3600;
+  return tz;
 }
 
 // ============================================================================
 // Helper function tests
 // ============================================================================
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, JulianDay60IsMarch1) {
+TEST(PosixTz, JulianDay60IsMarch1) {
   // J60 is always March 1 (J format ignores leap years by design)
   int month, day;
   internal::julian_to_month_day(60, month, day);
@@ -471,7 +114,7 @@ TEST(PosixTzParser, JulianDay60IsMarch1) {
   EXPECT_EQ(day, 1);
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, DayOfYear59DiffersByLeap) {
+TEST(PosixTz, DayOfYear59DiffersByLeap) {
   int month, day;
   // Day 59 in leap year is Feb 29
   internal::day_of_year_to_month_day(59, 2024, month, day);
@@ -483,7 +126,7 @@ TEST(PosixTzParser, DayOfYear59DiffersByLeap) {
   EXPECT_EQ(day, 1);
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, DayOfWeekKnownDates) {
+TEST(PosixTz, DayOfWeekKnownDates) {
   // January 1, 1970 was Thursday (4)
   EXPECT_EQ(internal::day_of_week(1970, 1, 1), 4);
   // January 1, 2000 was Saturday (6)
@@ -492,56 +135,56 @@ TEST(PosixTzParser, DayOfWeekKnownDates) {
   EXPECT_EQ(internal::day_of_week(2026, 3, 8), 0);
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, LeapYearDetection) {
+TEST(PosixTz, LeapYearDetection) {
   EXPECT_FALSE(internal::is_leap_year(1900));  // Divisible by 100 but not 400
   EXPECT_TRUE(internal::is_leap_year(2000));   // Divisible by 400
   EXPECT_TRUE(internal::is_leap_year(2024));   // Divisible by 4
   EXPECT_FALSE(internal::is_leap_year(2025));  // Not divisible by 4
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, JulianDay1IsJan1) {
+TEST(PosixTz, JulianDay1IsJan1) {
   int month, day;
   internal::julian_to_month_day(1, month, day);
   EXPECT_EQ(month, 1);
   EXPECT_EQ(day, 1);
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, JulianDay31IsJan31) {
+TEST(PosixTz, JulianDay31IsJan31) {
   int month, day;
   internal::julian_to_month_day(31, month, day);
   EXPECT_EQ(month, 1);
   EXPECT_EQ(day, 31);
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, JulianDay32IsFeb1) {
+TEST(PosixTz, JulianDay32IsFeb1) {
   int month, day;
   internal::julian_to_month_day(32, month, day);
   EXPECT_EQ(month, 2);
   EXPECT_EQ(day, 1);
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, JulianDay59IsFeb28) {
+TEST(PosixTz, JulianDay59IsFeb28) {
   int month, day;
   internal::julian_to_month_day(59, month, day);
   EXPECT_EQ(month, 2);
   EXPECT_EQ(day, 28);
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, JulianDay365IsDec31) {
+TEST(PosixTz, JulianDay365IsDec31) {
   int month, day;
   internal::julian_to_month_day(365, month, day);
   EXPECT_EQ(month, 12);
   EXPECT_EQ(day, 31);
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, DayOfYear0IsJan1) {
+TEST(PosixTz, DayOfYear0IsJan1) {
   int month, day;
   internal::day_of_year_to_month_day(0, 2025, month, day);
   EXPECT_EQ(month, 1);
   EXPECT_EQ(day, 1);
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, DaysInMonthRegular) {
+TEST(PosixTz, DaysInMonthRegular) {
   // Test all 12 months to ensure switch coverage
   EXPECT_EQ(internal::days_in_month(2025, 1), 31);   // Jan - default case
   EXPECT_EQ(internal::days_in_month(2025, 2), 28);   // Feb - case 2
@@ -557,19 +200,32 @@ TEST(PosixTzParser, DaysInMonthRegular) {
   EXPECT_EQ(internal::days_in_month(2025, 12), 31);  // Dec - default case
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, DaysInMonthLeapYear) {
+TEST(PosixTz, DaysInMonthLeapYear) {
   EXPECT_EQ(internal::days_in_month(2024, 2), 29);
   EXPECT_EQ(internal::days_in_month(2025, 2), 28);
 }
 
+TEST(PosixTz, PlainDay365LeapYear) {
+  int month, day;
+  internal::day_of_year_to_month_day(365, 2024, month, day);
+  EXPECT_EQ(month, 12);
+  EXPECT_EQ(day, 31);
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTz, PlainDay364NonLeapYear) {
+  int month, day;
+  internal::day_of_year_to_month_day(364, 2025, month, day);
+  EXPECT_EQ(month, 12);
+  EXPECT_EQ(day, 31);
+}
+
 // ============================================================================
 // DST transition calculation tests
 // ============================================================================
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, DstStartUSEastern2026) {
+TEST(PosixTz, DstStartUSEastern2026) {
   // March 8, 2026 is 2nd Sunday of March
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", tz);
+  auto tz = make_us_eastern();
 
   time_t dst_start = internal::calculate_dst_transition(2026, tz.dst_start, tz.std_offset_seconds);
   struct tm tm;
@@ -582,10 +238,9 @@ TEST(PosixTzParser, DstStartUSEastern2026) {
   EXPECT_EQ(tm.tm_hour, 7);     // 7:00 UTC = 2:00 EST
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, DstEndUSEastern2026) {
+TEST(PosixTz, DstEndUSEastern2026) {
   // November 1, 2026 is 1st Sunday of November
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", tz);
+  auto tz = make_us_eastern();
 
   time_t dst_end = internal::calculate_dst_transition(2026, tz.dst_end, tz.dst_offset_seconds);
   struct tm tm;
@@ -598,7 +253,7 @@ TEST(PosixTzParser, DstEndUSEastern2026) {
   EXPECT_EQ(tm.tm_hour, 6);      // 6:00 UTC = 2:00 EDT
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, LastSundayOfMarch2026) {
+TEST(PosixTz, LastSundayOfMarch2026) {
   // Europe: M3.5.0 = last Sunday of March = March 29, 2026
   DSTRule rule{};
   rule.type = DSTRuleType::MONTH_WEEK_DAY;
@@ -613,7 +268,7 @@ TEST(PosixTzParser, LastSundayOfMarch2026) {
   EXPECT_EQ(tm.tm_wday, 0);  // Sunday
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, LastSundayOfOctober2026) {
+TEST(PosixTz, LastSundayOfOctober2026) {
   // Europe: M10.5.0 = last Sunday of October = October 25, 2026
   DSTRule rule{};
   rule.type = DSTRuleType::MONTH_WEEK_DAY;
@@ -628,7 +283,7 @@ TEST(PosixTzParser, LastSundayOfOctober2026) {
   EXPECT_EQ(tm.tm_wday, 0);  // Sunday
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, FirstSundayOfApril2026) {
+TEST(PosixTz, FirstSundayOfApril2026) {
   // April 5, 2026 is 1st Sunday
   DSTRule rule{};
   rule.type = DSTRuleType::MONTH_WEEK_DAY;
@@ -647,46 +302,39 @@ TEST(PosixTzParser, FirstSundayOfApril2026) {
 // DST detection tests
 // ============================================================================
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, IsInDstUSEasternSummer) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", tz);
-
+TEST(PosixTz, IsInDstUSEasternSummer) {
+  auto tz = make_us_eastern();
   // July 4, 2026 12:00 UTC - definitely in DST
   time_t summer = make_utc(2026, 7, 4, 12);
   EXPECT_TRUE(is_in_dst(summer, tz));
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, IsInDstUSEasternWinter) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", tz);
-
+TEST(PosixTz, IsInDstUSEasternWinter) {
+  auto tz = make_us_eastern();
   // January 15, 2026 12:00 UTC - definitely not in DST
   time_t winter = make_utc(2026, 1, 15, 12);
   EXPECT_FALSE(is_in_dst(winter, tz));
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, IsInDstNoDstTimezone) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  parse_posix_tz("IST-5:30", tz);
+TEST(PosixTz, IsInDstNoDstTimezone) {
+  // India: IST-5:30 (no DST)
+  ParsedTimezone tz{};
+  tz.std_offset_seconds = -(5 * 3600 + 30 * 60);
+  // No DST rules
 
-  // July 15, 2026 12:00 UTC
   time_t epoch = make_utc(2026, 7, 15, 12);
   EXPECT_FALSE(is_in_dst(epoch, tz));
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, SouthernHemisphereDstSummer) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  parse_posix_tz("NZST-12NZDT,M9.5.0,M4.1.0/3", tz);
-
+TEST(PosixTz, SouthernHemisphereDstSummer) {
+  auto tz = make_new_zealand();
   // December 15, 2025 12:00 UTC - summer in NZ, should be in DST
   time_t nz_summer = make_utc(2025, 12, 15, 12);
   EXPECT_TRUE(is_in_dst(nz_summer, tz));
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, SouthernHemisphereDstWinter) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  parse_posix_tz("NZST-12NZDT,M9.5.0,M4.1.0/3", tz);
-
+TEST(PosixTz, SouthernHemisphereDstWinter) {
+  auto tz = make_new_zealand();
   // July 15, 2026 12:00 UTC - winter in NZ, should NOT be in DST
   time_t nz_winter = make_utc(2026, 7, 15, 12);
   EXPECT_FALSE(is_in_dst(nz_winter, tz));
@@ -696,9 +344,8 @@ TEST(PosixTzParser, SouthernHemisphereDstWinter) {
 // epoch_to_local_tm tests
 // ============================================================================
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, EpochToLocalBasic) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  parse_posix_tz("UTC0", tz);
+TEST(PosixTz, EpochToLocalBasic) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz{};  // UTC
 
   time_t epoch = 0;  // Jan 1, 1970 00:00:00 UTC
   struct tm local;
@@ -709,9 +356,8 @@ TEST(PosixTzParser, EpochToLocalBasic) {
   EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_hour, 0);
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, EpochToLocalNegativeEpoch) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  parse_posix_tz("UTC0", tz);
+TEST(PosixTz, EpochToLocalNegativeEpoch) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz{};  // UTC
 
   // Dec 31, 1969 23:59:59 UTC (1 second before epoch)
   time_t epoch = -1;
@@ -725,15 +371,15 @@ TEST(PosixTzParser, EpochToLocalNegativeEpoch) {
   EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_sec, 59);
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, EpochToLocalNullTmFails) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  parse_posix_tz("UTC0", tz);
+TEST(PosixTz, EpochToLocalNullTmFails) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz{};
   EXPECT_FALSE(epoch_to_local_tm(0, tz, nullptr));
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, EpochToLocalWithOffset) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  parse_posix_tz("EST5", tz);  // UTC-5
+TEST(PosixTz, EpochToLocalWithOffset) {
+  // EST5 (UTC-5, no DST)
+  ParsedTimezone tz{};
+  tz.std_offset_seconds = 5 * 3600;
 
   // Jan 1, 2026 05:00:00 UTC should be Jan 1, 2026 00:00:00 EST
   time_t utc_epoch = make_utc(2026, 1, 1, 5);
@@ -745,9 +391,8 @@ TEST(PosixTzParser, EpochToLocalWithOffset) {
   EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_isdst, 0);
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, EpochToLocalDstTransition) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", tz);
+TEST(PosixTz, EpochToLocalDstTransition) {
+  auto tz = make_us_eastern();
 
   // July 4, 2026 16:00 UTC = 12:00 EDT (noon)
   time_t utc_epoch = make_utc(2026, 7, 4, 16);
@@ -758,210 +403,12 @@ TEST(PosixTzParser, EpochToLocalDstTransition) {
   EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_isdst, 1);
 }
 
-// ============================================================================
-// Leap year edge cases for closed-form year arithmetic
-// ============================================================================
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, EpochToLocalLeapYear2000) {
-  // 2000 is a leap year (divisible by 400)
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("UTC0", tz));
-
-  // Feb 29, 2000 12:00:00 UTC
-  time_t epoch = make_utc(2000, 2, 29, 12);
-  struct tm local;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(epoch_to_local_tm(epoch, tz, &local));
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_year, 100);  // 2000
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mon, 1);     // February
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mday, 29);
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_hour, 12);
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, EpochToLocalNonLeapYear2100) {
-  // 2100 is NOT a leap year (divisible by 100 but not 400)
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("UTC0", tz));
-
-  // Mar 1, 2100 00:00:00 UTC — the day after what would be Feb 29
-  time_t epoch = make_utc(2100, 3, 1);
-  struct tm local;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(epoch_to_local_tm(epoch, tz, &local));
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_year, 200);  // 2100
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mon, 2);     // March
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mday, 1);
-
-  // Feb 28, 2100 23:59:59 UTC — last second of February (no Feb 29)
-  epoch = make_utc(2100, 2, 28, 23, 59, 59);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(epoch_to_local_tm(epoch, tz, &local));
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_year, 200);
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mon, 1);  // February
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mday, 28);
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, EpochToLocalLeapYear2400) {
-  // 2400 is a leap year (divisible by 400)
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("UTC0", tz));
-
-  time_t epoch = make_utc(2400, 2, 29, 6);
-  struct tm local;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(epoch_to_local_tm(epoch, tz, &local));
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_year, 500);  // 2400
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mon, 1);     // February
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mday, 29);
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_hour, 6);
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, EpochToLocalNewYearBoundaries) {
-  // Test year boundary — last second of 2099 and first second of 2100
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("UTC0", tz));
-  struct tm local;
-
-  // Dec 31, 2099 23:59:59 UTC
-  time_t epoch = make_utc(2099, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(epoch_to_local_tm(epoch, tz, &local));
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_year, 199);  // 2099
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mon, 11);    // December
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mday, 31);
-
-  // Jan 1, 2100 00:00:00 UTC
-  epoch = make_utc(2100, 1, 1);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(epoch_to_local_tm(epoch, tz, &local));
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_year, 200);  // 2100
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mon, 0);     // January
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mday, 1);
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, EpochToLocalDstAcrossCenturyBoundary) {
-  // DST transition in year 2100 (non-leap) with US Eastern rules
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", tz));
-
-  // July 4, 2100 16:00 UTC = 12:00 EDT
-  time_t epoch = make_utc(2100, 7, 4, 16);
-  struct tm local;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(epoch_to_local_tm(epoch, tz, &local));
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_hour, 12);
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_isdst, 1);
-
-  // Jan 15, 2100 10:00 UTC = 05:00 EST
-  epoch = make_utc(2100, 1, 15, 10);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(epoch_to_local_tm(epoch, tz, &local));
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_hour, 5);
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_isdst, 0);
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, EpochToLocalFarFutureYear5000) {
-  // Year 5000 — days/365 estimate overshoots by ~2 years due to leap days,
-  // requiring multiple correction steps in days_to_year.
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("UTC0", tz));
-
-  time_t epoch = make_utc(5000, 6, 15, 12);
-  struct tm local;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(epoch_to_local_tm(epoch, tz, &local));
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_year, 3100);  // 5000
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mon, 5);      // June
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mday, 15);
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_hour, 12);
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// Verification against libc
-// ============================================================================
-
-class LibcVerificationTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::tuple<const char *, time_t>> {
- protected:
-  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-identifier-naming) - Google Test requires this name
-  void SetUp() override {
-    // Save current TZ
-    const char *current_tz = getenv("TZ");
-    saved_tz_ = current_tz ? current_tz : "";
-    had_tz_ = current_tz != nullptr;
-  }
-
-  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-identifier-naming) - Google Test requires this name
-  void TearDown() override {
-    // Restore TZ
-    if (had_tz_) {
-      setenv("TZ", saved_tz_.c_str(), 1);
-    } else {
-      unsetenv("TZ");
-    }
-    tzset();
-  }
-
- private:
-  std::string saved_tz_;
-  bool had_tz_{false};
-};
-
-TEST_P(LibcVerificationTest, MatchesLibc) {
-  auto [tz_str, epoch] = GetParam();
-
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz(tz_str, tz));
-
-  // Our implementation
-  struct tm our_tm {};
-  ASSERT_TRUE(epoch_to_local_tm(epoch, tz, &our_tm));
-
-  // libc implementation
-  setenv("TZ", tz_str, 1);
-  tzset();
-  struct tm *libc_tm = localtime(&epoch);
-  ASSERT_NE(libc_tm, nullptr);
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(our_tm.tm_year, libc_tm->tm_year);
-  EXPECT_EQ(our_tm.tm_mon, libc_tm->tm_mon);
-  EXPECT_EQ(our_tm.tm_mday, libc_tm->tm_mday);
-  EXPECT_EQ(our_tm.tm_hour, libc_tm->tm_hour);
-  EXPECT_EQ(our_tm.tm_min, libc_tm->tm_min);
-  EXPECT_EQ(our_tm.tm_sec, libc_tm->tm_sec);
-  EXPECT_EQ(our_tm.tm_isdst, libc_tm->tm_isdst);
-}
-
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(USEastern, LibcVerificationTest,
-                         ::testing::Values(std::make_tuple("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", 1704067200),
-                                           std::make_tuple("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", 1720000000),
-                                           std::make_tuple("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", 1735689600)));
-
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(AngleBracket, LibcVerificationTest,
-                         ::testing::Values(std::make_tuple("<+07>-7", 1704067200),
-                                           std::make_tuple("<+07>-7", 1720000000)));
-
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(India, LibcVerificationTest,
-                         ::testing::Values(std::make_tuple("IST-5:30", 1704067200),
-                                           std::make_tuple("IST-5:30", 1720000000)));
-
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(NewZealand, LibcVerificationTest,
-                         ::testing::Values(std::make_tuple("NZST-12NZDT,M9.5.0,M4.1.0/3", 1704067200),
-                                           std::make_tuple("NZST-12NZDT,M9.5.0,M4.1.0/3", 1720000000)));
-
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(USCentral, LibcVerificationTest,
-                         ::testing::Values(std::make_tuple("CST6CDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", 1704067200),
-                                           std::make_tuple("CST6CDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", 1720000000),
-                                           std::make_tuple("CST6CDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", 1735689600)));
-
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(EuropeBerlin, LibcVerificationTest,
-                         ::testing::Values(std::make_tuple("CET-1CEST,M3.5.0,M10.5.0/3", 1704067200),
-                                           std::make_tuple("CET-1CEST,M3.5.0,M10.5.0/3", 1720000000),
-                                           std::make_tuple("CET-1CEST,M3.5.0,M10.5.0/3", 1735689600)));
-
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(AustraliaSydney, LibcVerificationTest,
-                         ::testing::Values(std::make_tuple("AEST-10AEDT,M10.1.0,M4.1.0/3", 1704067200),
-                                           std::make_tuple("AEST-10AEDT,M10.1.0,M4.1.0/3", 1720000000),
-                                           std::make_tuple("AEST-10AEDT,M10.1.0,M4.1.0/3", 1735689600)));
-
 // ============================================================================
 // DST boundary edge cases
 // ============================================================================
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, DstBoundaryJustBeforeSpringForward) {
-  // Test 1 second before DST starts
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", tz);
+TEST(PosixTz, DstBoundaryJustBeforeSpringForward) {
+  auto tz = make_us_eastern();
 
   // March 8, 2026 06:59:59 UTC = 01:59:59 EST (1 second before spring forward)
   time_t before_epoch = make_utc(2026, 3, 8, 6, 59, 59);
@@ -972,10 +419,8 @@ TEST(PosixTzParser, DstBoundaryJustBeforeSpringForward) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(is_in_dst(after_epoch, tz));
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, DstBoundaryJustBeforeFallBack) {
-  // Test 1 second before DST ends
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", tz);
+TEST(PosixTz, DstBoundaryJustBeforeFallBack) {
+  auto tz = make_us_eastern();
 
   // November 1, 2026 05:59:59 UTC = 01:59:59 EDT (1 second before fall back)
   time_t before_epoch = make_utc(2026, 11, 1, 5, 59, 59);
@@ -1102,7 +547,6 @@ TEST(ESPTimeStrptime, PartialTimeFails) {
 
 TEST(ESPTimeStrptime, ExtraCharactersFails) {
   ESPTime t{};
-  // Full datetime with extra characters should fail
   EXPECT_FALSE(ESPTime::strptime("2026-03-15 14:30:45x", 20, t));
 }
 
@@ -1123,6 +567,12 @@ TEST(ESPTimeStrptime, LeadingZeroTime) {
 // recalc_timestamp_local() tests - verify behavior matches libc mktime()
 // ============================================================================
 
+}  // namespace esphome::testing
+
+namespace esphome::time::testing {
+
+using esphome::ESPTime;
+
 // Helper to call libc mktime with same fields
 static time_t libc_mktime(int year, int month, int day, int hour, int min, int sec) {
   struct tm tm {};
@@ -1154,8 +604,7 @@ TEST(RecalcTimestampLocal, NormalTimeMatchesLibc) {
   const char *tz_str = "CST6CDT,M3.2.0,M11.1.0";
   setenv("TZ", tz_str, 1);
   tzset();
-  time::ParsedTimezone tz{};
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz(tz_str, tz));
+  auto tz = make_us_central();
   set_global_tz(tz);
 
   // Test a normal time in winter (no DST)
@@ -1177,8 +626,7 @@ TEST(RecalcTimestampLocal, SpringForwardSkippedHour) {
   const char *tz_str = "CST6CDT,M3.2.0,M11.1.0";
   setenv("TZ", tz_str, 1);
   tzset();
-  time::ParsedTimezone tz{};
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz(tz_str, tz));
+  auto tz = make_us_central();
   set_global_tz(tz);
 
   // Test time before the transition (1:30 AM CST exists)
@@ -1204,8 +652,7 @@ TEST(RecalcTimestampLocal, FallBackRepeatedHour) {
   const char *tz_str = "CST6CDT,M3.2.0,M11.1.0";
   setenv("TZ", tz_str, 1);
   tzset();
-  time::ParsedTimezone tz{};
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz(tz_str, tz));
+  auto tz = make_us_central();
   set_global_tz(tz);
 
   // Test time before the transition (midnight CDT)
@@ -1227,13 +674,12 @@ TEST(RecalcTimestampLocal, FallBackRepeatedHour) {
 }
 
 TEST(RecalcTimestampLocal, SouthernHemisphereDST) {
-  // Set timezone to Australia/Sydney (AEST-10AEDT,M10.1.0,M4.1.0)
+  // Set timezone to Australia/Sydney (AEST-10AEDT,M10.1.0,M4.1.0/3)
   // DST starts first Sunday of October, ends first Sunday of April
-  const char *tz_str = "AEST-10AEDT,M10.1.0,M4.1.0";
+  const char *tz_str = "AEST-10AEDT,M10.1.0,M4.1.0/3";
   setenv("TZ", tz_str, 1);
   tzset();
-  time::ParsedTimezone tz{};
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz(tz_str, tz));
+  auto tz = make_australia_sydney();
   set_global_tz(tz);
 
   // Test winter time (July - no DST in southern hemisphere)
@@ -1253,8 +699,7 @@ TEST(RecalcTimestampLocal, ExactTransitionBoundary) {
   const char *tz_str = "CST6CDT,M3.2.0,M11.1.0";
   setenv("TZ", tz_str, 1);
   tzset();
-  time::ParsedTimezone tz{};
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz(tz_str, tz));
+  auto tz = make_us_central();
   set_global_tz(tz);
 
   // 1:59:59 AM CST - last second before transition (still standard time)
@@ -1279,8 +724,19 @@ TEST(RecalcTimestampLocal, NonDefaultTransitionTime) {
   const char *tz_str = "CST6CDT,M3.2.0/3,M11.1.0/3";
   setenv("TZ", tz_str, 1);
   tzset();
-  time::ParsedTimezone tz{};
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz(tz_str, tz));
+  ParsedTimezone tz{};
+  tz.std_offset_seconds = 6 * 3600;
+  tz.dst_offset_seconds = 5 * 3600;
+  tz.dst_start.type = DSTRuleType::MONTH_WEEK_DAY;
+  tz.dst_start.month = 3;
+  tz.dst_start.week = 2;
+  tz.dst_start.day_of_week = 0;
+  tz.dst_start.time_seconds = 3 * 3600;
+  tz.dst_end.type = DSTRuleType::MONTH_WEEK_DAY;
+  tz.dst_end.month = 11;
+  tz.dst_end.week = 1;
+  tz.dst_end.day_of_week = 0;
+  tz.dst_end.time_seconds = 3 * 3600;
   set_global_tz(tz);
 
   // 2:30 AM should still be standard time (transition at 3:00 AM)
@@ -1298,11 +754,21 @@ TEST(RecalcTimestampLocal, MinimalFieldsWithoutDayOfWeekOrYear) {
   // Regression test for issue #15115: DateTimeEntity::state_as_esptime() constructs
   // an ESPTime with only year/month/day/hour/minute/second set (no day_of_week or
   // day_of_year). recalc_timestamp_local() must work without those fields.
-  const char *tz_str = "CET-1CEST,M3.5.0,M10.5.0";
-  setenv("TZ", tz_str, 1);
+  setenv("TZ", "CET-1CEST,M3.5.0,M10.5.0", 1);
   tzset();
   time::ParsedTimezone tz{};
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz(tz_str, tz));
+  tz.std_offset_seconds = -1 * 3600;  // CET-1 = UTC+1
+  tz.dst_offset_seconds = -2 * 3600;  // CEST = UTC+2
+  tz.dst_start.type = DSTRuleType::MONTH_WEEK_DAY;
+  tz.dst_start.month = 3;
+  tz.dst_start.week = 5;
+  tz.dst_start.day_of_week = 0;
+  tz.dst_start.time_seconds = 2 * 3600;
+  tz.dst_end.type = DSTRuleType::MONTH_WEEK_DAY;
+  tz.dst_end.month = 10;
+  tz.dst_end.week = 5;
+  tz.dst_end.day_of_week = 0;
+  tz.dst_end.time_seconds = 2 * 3600;
   set_global_tz(tz);
 
   // Construct ESPTime with only date/time fields (like state_as_esptime does)
@@ -1326,11 +792,11 @@ TEST(RecalcTimestampLocal, MinimalFieldsWithoutDayOfWeekOrYear) {
 
 TEST(RecalcTimestampLocal, MinimalFieldsNoDST) {
   // Same test but with a timezone that has no DST
-  const char *tz_str = "IST-5:30";
-  setenv("TZ", tz_str, 1);
+  setenv("TZ", "IST-5:30", 1);
   tzset();
   time::ParsedTimezone tz{};
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz(tz_str, tz));
+  tz.std_offset_seconds = -(5 * 3600 + 30 * 60);  // IST-5:30 = UTC+5:30
+  // No DST
   set_global_tz(tz);
 
   ESPTime t{};
@@ -1351,11 +817,10 @@ TEST(RecalcTimestampLocal, MinimalFieldsNoDST) {
 TEST(RecalcTimestampLocal, YearBoundaryDST) {
   // Test southern hemisphere DST across year boundary
   // Australia/Sydney: DST active from October to April (spans Jan 1)
-  const char *tz_str = "AEST-10AEDT,M10.1.0,M4.1.0";
+  const char *tz_str = "AEST-10AEDT,M10.1.0,M4.1.0/3";
   setenv("TZ", tz_str, 1);
   tzset();
-  time::ParsedTimezone tz{};
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz(tz_str, tz));
+  auto tz = make_australia_sydney();
   set_global_tz(tz);
 
   // Dec 31, 2025 at 23:30 - DST should be active
@@ -1380,8 +845,7 @@ TEST(RecalcTimestampLocal, YearBoundaryDST) {
 // ============================================================================
 
 TEST(TimezoneOffset, NoTimezone) {
-  // When no timezone is set, offset should be 0
-  time::ParsedTimezone tz{};
+  ParsedTimezone tz{};
   set_global_tz(tz);
 
   int32_t offset = ESPTime::timezone_offset();
@@ -1389,34 +853,28 @@ TEST(TimezoneOffset, NoTimezone) {
 }
 
 TEST(TimezoneOffset, FixedOffsetPositive) {
-  // India: UTC+5:30 (no DST)
-  const char *tz_str = "IST-5:30";
-  time::ParsedTimezone tz{};
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz(tz_str, tz));
+  // India: IST-5:30 (no DST)
+  ParsedTimezone tz{};
+  tz.std_offset_seconds = -(5 * 3600 + 30 * 60);
   set_global_tz(tz);
 
   int32_t offset = ESPTime::timezone_offset();
-  // Offset should be +5:30 = 19800 seconds (to add to UTC to get local)
   EXPECT_EQ(offset, 5 * 3600 + 30 * 60);
 }
 
 TEST(TimezoneOffset, FixedOffsetNegative) {
-  // US Eastern Standard Time: UTC-5 (testing without DST rules)
-  const char *tz_str = "EST5";
-  time::ParsedTimezone tz{};
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz(tz_str, tz));
+  // EST5 (no DST)
+  ParsedTimezone tz{};
+  tz.std_offset_seconds = 5 * 3600;
   set_global_tz(tz);
 
   int32_t offset = ESPTime::timezone_offset();
-  // Offset should be -5 hours = -18000 seconds
   EXPECT_EQ(offset, -5 * 3600);
 }
 
 TEST(TimezoneOffset, WithDstReturnsCorrectOffsetBasedOnCurrentTime) {
   // US Eastern with DST
-  const char *tz_str = "EST5EDT,M3.2.0,M11.1.0";
-  time::ParsedTimezone tz{};
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz(tz_str, tz));
+  auto tz = make_us_eastern();
   set_global_tz(tz);
 
   // Get current time and check offset matches expected based on DST status
@@ -1424,7 +882,7 @@ TEST(TimezoneOffset, WithDstReturnsCorrectOffsetBasedOnCurrentTime) {
   int32_t offset = ESPTime::timezone_offset();
 
   // Verify offset matches what is_in_dst says
-  if (time::is_in_dst(now, tz)) {
+  if (is_in_dst(now, tz)) {
     // During DST, offset should be -4 hours (EDT)
     EXPECT_EQ(offset, -4 * 3600);
   } else {
@@ -1433,4 +891,234 @@ TEST(TimezoneOffset, WithDstReturnsCorrectOffsetBasedOnCurrentTime) {
   }
 }
 
-}  // namespace esphome::testing
+// ============================================================================
+// Leap year edge cases for closed-form year arithmetic
+// ============================================================================
+
+TEST(PosixTz, EpochToLocalLeapYear2000) {
+  // 2000 is a leap year (divisible by 400)
+  ParsedTimezone tz{};  // UTC
+
+  // Feb 29, 2000 12:00:00 UTC
+  time_t epoch = make_utc(2000, 2, 29, 12);
+  struct tm local;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(epoch_to_local_tm(epoch, tz, &local));
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_year, 100);  // 2000
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mon, 1);     // February
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mday, 29);
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_hour, 12);
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTz, EpochToLocalNonLeapYear2100) {
+  // 2100 is NOT a leap year (divisible by 100 but not 400)
+  ParsedTimezone tz{};  // UTC
+
+  // Mar 1, 2100 00:00:00 UTC — the day after what would be Feb 29
+  time_t epoch = make_utc(2100, 3, 1);
+  struct tm local;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(epoch_to_local_tm(epoch, tz, &local));
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_year, 200);  // 2100
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mon, 2);     // March
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mday, 1);
+
+  // Feb 28, 2100 23:59:59 UTC — last second of February (no Feb 29)
+  epoch = make_utc(2100, 2, 28, 23, 59, 59);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(epoch_to_local_tm(epoch, tz, &local));
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_year, 200);
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mon, 1);  // February
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mday, 28);
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTz, EpochToLocalLeapYear2400) {
+  // 2400 is a leap year (divisible by 400)
+  ParsedTimezone tz{};  // UTC
+
+  time_t epoch = make_utc(2400, 2, 29, 6);
+  struct tm local;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(epoch_to_local_tm(epoch, tz, &local));
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_year, 500);  // 2400
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mon, 1);     // February
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mday, 29);
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_hour, 6);
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTz, EpochToLocalNewYearBoundaries) {
+  // Test year boundary — last second of 2099 and first second of 2100
+  ParsedTimezone tz{};  // UTC
+  struct tm local;
+
+  // Dec 31, 2099 23:59:59 UTC
+  time_t epoch = make_utc(2099, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(epoch_to_local_tm(epoch, tz, &local));
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_year, 199);  // 2099
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mon, 11);    // December
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mday, 31);
+
+  // Jan 1, 2100 00:00:00 UTC
+  epoch = make_utc(2100, 1, 1);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(epoch_to_local_tm(epoch, tz, &local));
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_year, 200);  // 2100
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mon, 0);     // January
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mday, 1);
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTz, EpochToLocalDstAcrossCenturyBoundary) {
+  // DST transition in year 2100 (non-leap) with US Eastern rules
+  ParsedTimezone tz = make_us_eastern();
+
+  // July 4, 2100 16:00 UTC = 12:00 EDT
+  time_t epoch = make_utc(2100, 7, 4, 16);
+  struct tm local;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(epoch_to_local_tm(epoch, tz, &local));
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_hour, 12);
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_isdst, 1);
+
+  // Jan 15, 2100 10:00 UTC = 05:00 EST
+  epoch = make_utc(2100, 1, 15, 10);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(epoch_to_local_tm(epoch, tz, &local));
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_hour, 5);
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_isdst, 0);
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTz, EpochToLocalFarFutureYear5000) {
+  // Year 5000 — days/365 estimate overshoots by ~2 years due to leap days,
+  // requiring multiple correction steps in days_to_year.
+  ParsedTimezone tz{};  // UTC
+
+  time_t epoch = make_utc(5000, 6, 15, 12);
+  struct tm local;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(epoch_to_local_tm(epoch, tz, &local));
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_year, 3100);  // 5000
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mon, 5);      // June
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mday, 15);
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_hour, 12);
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Verification against libc
+// ============================================================================
+
+// Helper to build the <+07>-7 timezone (UTC+7, no DST)
+static ParsedTimezone make_plus_seven() {
+  ParsedTimezone tz{};
+  tz.std_offset_seconds = -7 * 3600;
+  return tz;
+}
+
+// Helper to build the India timezone (IST-5:30, no DST)
+static ParsedTimezone make_india() {
+  ParsedTimezone tz{};
+  tz.std_offset_seconds = -(5 * 3600 + 30 * 60);
+  return tz;
+}
+
+// Helper to build the Europe/Berlin timezone (CET-1CEST,M3.5.0,M10.5.0/3)
+static ParsedTimezone make_europe_berlin() {
+  ParsedTimezone tz{};
+  tz.std_offset_seconds = -1 * 3600;
+  tz.dst_offset_seconds = -2 * 3600;
+  tz.dst_start.type = DSTRuleType::MONTH_WEEK_DAY;
+  tz.dst_start.month = 3;
+  tz.dst_start.week = 5;
+  tz.dst_start.day_of_week = 0;
+  tz.dst_start.time_seconds = 2 * 3600;
+  tz.dst_end.type = DSTRuleType::MONTH_WEEK_DAY;
+  tz.dst_end.month = 10;
+  tz.dst_end.week = 5;
+  tz.dst_end.day_of_week = 0;
+  tz.dst_end.time_seconds = 3 * 3600;
+  return tz;
+}
+
+// Compares our converter against libc for the same zone: the struct drives
+// epoch_to_local_tm() and the equivalent POSIX TZ string drives libc localtime().
+using LibcVerificationParam = std::tuple<ParsedTimezone (*)(), const char *, time_t>;
+
+class LibcVerificationTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<LibcVerificationParam> {
+ protected:
+  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-identifier-naming) - Google Test requires this name
+  void SetUp() override {
+    // Save current TZ
+    const char *current_tz = getenv("TZ");
+    saved_tz_ = current_tz ? current_tz : "";
+    had_tz_ = current_tz != nullptr;
+  }
+
+  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-identifier-naming) - Google Test requires this name
+  void TearDown() override {
+    // Restore TZ
+    if (had_tz_) {
+      setenv("TZ", saved_tz_.c_str(), 1);
+    } else {
+      unsetenv("TZ");
+    }
+    tzset();
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::string saved_tz_;
+  bool had_tz_{false};
+};
+
+TEST_P(LibcVerificationTest, MatchesLibc) {
+  auto [make_tz, tz_str, epoch] = GetParam();
+
+  ParsedTimezone tz = make_tz();
+
+  // Our implementation
+  struct tm our_tm {};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(epoch_to_local_tm(epoch, tz, &our_tm));
+
+  // libc implementation
+  setenv("TZ", tz_str, 1);
+  tzset();
+  struct tm *libc_tm = localtime(&epoch);
+  ASSERT_NE(libc_tm, nullptr);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(our_tm.tm_year, libc_tm->tm_year);
+  EXPECT_EQ(our_tm.tm_mon, libc_tm->tm_mon);
+  EXPECT_EQ(our_tm.tm_mday, libc_tm->tm_mday);
+  EXPECT_EQ(our_tm.tm_hour, libc_tm->tm_hour);
+  EXPECT_EQ(our_tm.tm_min, libc_tm->tm_min);
+  EXPECT_EQ(our_tm.tm_sec, libc_tm->tm_sec);
+  EXPECT_EQ(our_tm.tm_isdst, libc_tm->tm_isdst);
+}
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(USEastern, LibcVerificationTest,
+                         ::testing::Values(std::make_tuple(&make_us_eastern, "EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", 1704067200),
+                                           std::make_tuple(&make_us_eastern, "EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", 1720000000),
+                                           std::make_tuple(&make_us_eastern, "EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2",
+                                                           1735689600)));
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(AngleBracket, LibcVerificationTest,
+                         ::testing::Values(std::make_tuple(&make_plus_seven, "<+07>-7", 1704067200),
+                                           std::make_tuple(&make_plus_seven, "<+07>-7", 1720000000)));
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(India, LibcVerificationTest,
+                         ::testing::Values(std::make_tuple(&make_india, "IST-5:30", 1704067200),
+                                           std::make_tuple(&make_india, "IST-5:30", 1720000000)));
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+    NewZealand, LibcVerificationTest,
+    ::testing::Values(std::make_tuple(&make_new_zealand, "NZST-12NZDT,M9.5.0,M4.1.0/3", 1704067200),
+                      std::make_tuple(&make_new_zealand, "NZST-12NZDT,M9.5.0,M4.1.0/3", 1720000000)));
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(USCentral, LibcVerificationTest,
+                         ::testing::Values(std::make_tuple(&make_us_central, "CST6CDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", 1704067200),
+                                           std::make_tuple(&make_us_central, "CST6CDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", 1720000000),
+                                           std::make_tuple(&make_us_central, "CST6CDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2",
+                                                           1735689600)));
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+    EuropeBerlin, LibcVerificationTest,
+    ::testing::Values(std::make_tuple(&make_europe_berlin, "CET-1CEST,M3.5.0,M10.5.0/3", 1704067200),
+                      std::make_tuple(&make_europe_berlin, "CET-1CEST,M3.5.0,M10.5.0/3", 1720000000),
+                      std::make_tuple(&make_europe_berlin, "CET-1CEST,M3.5.0,M10.5.0/3", 1735689600)));
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+    AustraliaSydney, LibcVerificationTest,
+    ::testing::Values(std::make_tuple(&make_australia_sydney, "AEST-10AEDT,M10.1.0,M4.1.0/3", 1704067200),
+                      std::make_tuple(&make_australia_sydney, "AEST-10AEDT,M10.1.0,M4.1.0/3", 1720000000),
+                      std::make_tuple(&make_australia_sydney, "AEST-10AEDT,M10.1.0,M4.1.0/3", 1735689600)));
+
+}  // namespace esphome::time::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/time/test.host.yaml b/tests/components/time/test.host.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f6bec9fd1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/time/test.host.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+network:
+
+api:
+
+time:
+  - platform: homeassistant
+    # Angle-bracket name pins the explicit-timezone host codegen path
+    # (setenv/tzset plus pre-parsed struct emission) with characters that
+    # would break unescaped string interpolation.
+    timezone: "<+07>-7"
diff --git a/tests/components/tuya/common.yaml b/tests/components/tuya/common.yaml
index 9986d398f1..f52d47e7a0 100644
--- a/tests/components/tuya/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/tuya/common.yaml
@@ -80,3 +80,24 @@ switch:
   - platform: tuya
     id: tuya_switch
     switch_datapoint: 1
+
+water_heater:
+  - platform: tuya
+    id: tuya_water_heater
+    name: Tuya Water Heater
+    switch_datapoint: 1
+    current_temperature_datapoint: 3
+    target_temperature_datapoint: 2
+    current_temperature_multiplier: 0.5
+    target_temperature_multiplier: 0.5
+    mode_datapoint: 4
+    eco_value: 0
+    electric_value: 2
+    supported_modes:
+      - "OFF"
+      - ECO
+      - ELECTRIC
+    visual:
+      min_temperature: 30
+      max_temperature: 75
+      target_temperature_step: 1
diff --git a/tests/components/ufm01/common.h b/tests/components/ufm01/common.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1582358700
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ufm01/common.h
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <array>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <deque>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ufm01/ufm01.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ufm01::testing {
+
+static constexpr uint8_t FRAME_START_BYTE_1 = 0x3C;
+static constexpr uint8_t FRAME_START_BYTE_2 = 0x32;
+static constexpr uint8_t PASSIVE_START_BYTE_2 = 0x64;
+static constexpr uint8_t FRAME_STOP_BYTE = 0x16;
+static constexpr uint8_t FRAME_FLAG_INSTANT_FLOW = 0x0B;
+static constexpr uint8_t FRAME_FLAG_RESERVED_SECTION = 0x0C;
+static constexpr uint8_t FRAME_FLAG_TEMP = 0x0D;
+static constexpr uint8_t COMMAND_ACK = 0xE5;
+
+// UART mock with a byte queue for read-side simulation.
+class QueuedMockUART : public uart::UARTComponent {
+ public:
+  std::deque<uint8_t> rx_queue;
+  std::vector<uint8_t> written_data;
+
+  void enqueue(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
+    this->rx_queue.insert(this->rx_queue.end(), data.begin(), data.end());
+  }
+
+  void enqueue(std::initializer_list<uint8_t> data) {
+    for (uint8_t byte : data)
+      this->rx_queue.push_back(byte);
+  }
+
+  void clear_rx() { this->rx_queue.clear(); }
+
+  bool read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override {
+    if (this->rx_queue.size() < len)
+      return false;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+      data[i] = this->rx_queue.front();
+      this->rx_queue.pop_front();
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  bool peek_byte(uint8_t *data) override {
+    if (this->rx_queue.empty())
+      return false;
+    *data = this->rx_queue.front();
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  size_t available() override { return this->rx_queue.size(); }
+
+  uart::UARTFlushResult flush() override { return uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_SUCCESS; }
+
+  void write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) override { this->written_data.assign(data, data + len); }
+
+  void check_logger_conflict() override {}
+#if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_ESP32)
+  void load_settings(bool dump_config) override {}
+#endif
+};
+
+class TestableUFM01 : public UFM01Component {
+ public:
+  void set_mock_uart(QueuedMockUART *uart) { this->set_uart_parent(uart); }
+
+  bool process_active_stream() { return this->process_active_stream_(); }
+
+  PassiveReadResult continue_passive_read() { return this->continue_passive_read_(); }
+
+  bool consume_ack() { return this->consume_ack_(); }
+
+  void start_passive_read() { this->start_passive_read_(); }
+
+  void loop_startup() { this->loop_startup_(); }
+
+  OperatingMode operating_mode() const { return this->operating_mode_; }
+
+  StartupPhase startup_phase() const { return this->startup_phase_; }
+
+  int32_t read_index() const { return this->read_index_; }
+
+  size_t passive_index() const { return this->passive_index_; }
+
+  uint32_t last_valid_frame_ms() const { return this->last_valid_frame_ms_; }
+
+  void prepare_passive_read() {
+    this->passive_index_ = 0;
+    this->passive_start_ms_ = millis();
+  }
+
+  void init_wait_phase() {
+    this->operating_mode_ = OperatingMode::STARTUP;
+    this->startup_phase_ = StartupPhase::WAIT;
+    this->startup_wait_ms_ = 60000;
+    this->phase_start_ms_ = millis();
+  }
+
+  void reset_state() {
+    this->read_index_ = 0;
+    this->last_valid_frame_ms_ = 0;
+    this->passive_index_ = 0;
+    this->passive_read_pending_ = false;
+  }
+};
+
+inline std::array<uint8_t, FRAME_SIZE> make_active_frame() {
+  std::array<uint8_t, FRAME_SIZE> frame{};
+  frame[0] = FRAME_START_BYTE_1;
+  frame[1] = FRAME_START_BYTE_2;
+  frame[15] = FRAME_FLAG_INSTANT_FLOW;
+  frame[21] = FRAME_FLAG_RESERVED_SECTION;
+  frame[24] = FRAME_FLAG_TEMP;
+  frame[31] = FRAME_STOP_BYTE;
+  uint8_t sum = 0;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < 30; ++i)
+    sum += frame[i];
+  frame[30] = sum;
+  return frame;
+}
+
+inline std::array<uint8_t, PASSIVE_FRAME_SIZE> make_passive_frame() {
+  std::array<uint8_t, PASSIVE_FRAME_SIZE> frame{};
+  frame[0] = FRAME_START_BYTE_1;
+  frame[1] = PASSIVE_START_BYTE_2;
+  frame[9] = FRAME_FLAG_INSTANT_FLOW;
+  frame[15] = FRAME_FLAG_TEMP;
+  frame[22] = FRAME_STOP_BYTE;
+  uint8_t sum = 0;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < 21; ++i)
+    sum += frame[i];
+  frame[21] = sum;
+  return frame;
+}
+
+class UFM01Test : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  void SetUp() override {
+    this->mock_uart_.clear_rx();
+    this->mock_uart_.written_data.clear();
+    this->ufm01_.set_mock_uart(&this->mock_uart_);
+    this->ufm01_.reset_state();
+  }
+
+  QueuedMockUART mock_uart_;
+  TestableUFM01 ufm01_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ufm01::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/ufm01/ufm01_frame_test.cpp b/tests/components/ufm01/ufm01_frame_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3b1b148d50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ufm01/ufm01_frame_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+#include "common.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ufm01::testing {
+
+TEST_F(UFM01Test, ValidActiveFrameAccepted) {
+  auto frame = make_active_frame();
+  this->mock_uart_.enqueue(std::vector<uint8_t>(frame.begin(), frame.end()));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(this->ufm01_.process_active_stream());
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ufm01_.read_index(), 0);
+  EXPECT_NE(this->ufm01_.last_valid_frame_ms(), 0u);
+}
+
+TEST_F(UFM01Test, GarbagePrefixThenValidActiveFrame) {
+  this->mock_uart_.enqueue({0x00, 0xFF, 0xAA});
+  auto frame = make_active_frame();
+  this->mock_uart_.enqueue(std::vector<uint8_t>(frame.begin(), frame.end()));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(this->ufm01_.process_active_stream());
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ufm01_.read_index(), 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(UFM01Test, InvalidActiveFrameChecksumRejected) {
+  auto frame = make_active_frame();
+  frame[30] ^= 0xFF;
+  this->mock_uart_.enqueue(std::vector<uint8_t>(frame.begin(), frame.end()));
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(this->ufm01_.process_active_stream());
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ufm01_.read_index(), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ufm01_.last_valid_frame_ms(), 0u);
+}
+
+TEST_F(UFM01Test, ValidPassiveFrameReadSuccess) {
+  auto frame = make_passive_frame();
+  this->mock_uart_.enqueue(std::vector<uint8_t>(frame.begin(), frame.end()));
+  this->ufm01_.prepare_passive_read();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ufm01_.continue_passive_read(), PassiveReadResult::PASSIVE_READ_RESULT_SUCCESS);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ufm01_.passive_index(), PASSIVE_FRAME_SIZE);
+  EXPECT_NE(this->ufm01_.last_valid_frame_ms(), 0u);
+}
+
+TEST_F(UFM01Test, InvalidPassiveChecksumFails) {
+  auto frame = make_passive_frame();
+  frame[21] ^= 0xFF;
+  this->mock_uart_.enqueue(std::vector<uint8_t>(frame.begin(), frame.end()));
+  this->ufm01_.prepare_passive_read();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ufm01_.continue_passive_read(), PassiveReadResult::PASSIVE_READ_RESULT_FAILURE);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ufm01_.last_valid_frame_ms(), 0u);
+}
+
+TEST_F(UFM01Test, PassiveReadResyncsAfterGarbagePrefix) {
+  auto frame = make_passive_frame();
+  this->mock_uart_.enqueue({0x00, 0x01, 0x02});
+  this->mock_uart_.enqueue(std::vector<uint8_t>(frame.begin(), frame.end()));
+  this->ufm01_.prepare_passive_read();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ufm01_.continue_passive_read(), PassiveReadResult::PASSIVE_READ_RESULT_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+TEST_F(UFM01Test, PassiveReadResyncsOnSecondStartByte) {
+  auto frame = make_passive_frame();
+  this->mock_uart_.enqueue({FRAME_START_BYTE_1, 0x99});
+  this->mock_uart_.enqueue(std::vector<uint8_t>(frame.begin(), frame.end()));
+  this->ufm01_.prepare_passive_read();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ufm01_.continue_passive_read(), PassiveReadResult::PASSIVE_READ_RESULT_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+TEST_F(UFM01Test, PassiveReadPendingWhenPartial) {
+  auto frame = make_passive_frame();
+  this->mock_uart_.enqueue(std::vector<uint8_t>(frame.begin(), frame.begin() + 10));
+  this->ufm01_.prepare_passive_read();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ufm01_.continue_passive_read(), PassiveReadResult::PASSIVE_READ_RESULT_PENDING);
+  EXPECT_LT(this->ufm01_.passive_index(), PASSIVE_FRAME_SIZE);
+
+  this->mock_uart_.enqueue(std::vector<uint8_t>(frame.begin() + 10, frame.end()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ufm01_.continue_passive_read(), PassiveReadResult::PASSIVE_READ_RESULT_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ufm01::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/ufm01/ufm01_startup_test.cpp b/tests/components/ufm01/ufm01_startup_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6b7feb0f1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ufm01/ufm01_startup_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#include "common.h"
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ufm01::testing {
+
+TEST(UFM01SetupPriority, IsLate) {
+  TestableUFM01 ufm01;
+  EXPECT_EQ(ufm01.get_setup_priority(), setup_priority::LATE);
+}
+
+TEST_F(UFM01Test, ConsumeAckFindsByteAmongGarbage) {
+  this->mock_uart_.enqueue({0x00, 0x01, COMMAND_ACK, 0x02});
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(this->ufm01_.consume_ack());
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->mock_uart_.available(), 1u);
+}
+
+TEST_F(UFM01Test, ConsumeAckReturnsFalseWhenEmpty) { EXPECT_FALSE(this->ufm01_.consume_ack()); }
+
+TEST_F(UFM01Test, StartupWaitDetectsActiveStream) {
+  auto frame = make_active_frame();
+  this->mock_uart_.enqueue(std::vector<uint8_t>(frame.begin(), frame.end()));
+  this->ufm01_.init_wait_phase();
+
+  this->ufm01_.loop_startup();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ufm01_.operating_mode(), OperatingMode::ACTIVE_STREAM);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ufm01_.startup_phase(), StartupPhase::WAIT);
+}
+
+TEST_F(UFM01Test, StartPassiveReadSendsCommand) {
+  this->ufm01_.start_passive_read();
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(this->mock_uart_.written_data.size(), 7u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->mock_uart_.written_data[0], 0xFE);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->mock_uart_.written_data[1], 0xFE);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->mock_uart_.written_data[2], 0x11);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->mock_uart_.written_data[3], 0x5B);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->mock_uart_.written_data[6], FRAME_STOP_BYTE);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ufm01::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/web_server/test-basicauth.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/web_server/test-basicauth.esp8266-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6a01180892
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/web_server/test-basicauth.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+packages:
+  web_server: !include common_v2.yaml
+
+web_server:
+  auth:
+    username: admin
+    password: AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
+    type: basic
diff --git a/tests/components/web_server/test.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/web_server/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
index e4d50d7776..6a01180892 100644
--- a/tests/components/web_server/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/web_server/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ packages:
 web_server:
   auth:
     username: admin
-    password: password
+    password: AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
     type: basic
diff --git a/tests/components/wifi/scan_list_test.cpp b/tests/components/wifi/scan_list_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..47427f063f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/wifi/scan_list_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "esphome/components/wifi/scan_list.h"
+
+namespace esphome::wifi::testing {
+
+namespace {
+
+// Stand-in for WiFiScanResult, which does not compile on the host.
+struct Entry {
+  std::string ssid;
+  int8_t rssi;
+  bool with_auth{true};
+  bool is_hidden{false};
+
+  // Compares length and bytes like CompactString does, so an embedded NUL counts.
+  bool ssid_equals(const Entry &other) const { return this->ssid == other.ssid; }
+  int8_t get_rssi() const { return this->rssi; }
+  bool get_with_auth() const { return this->with_auth; }
+  bool get_is_hidden() const { return this->is_hidden; }
+};
+
+// One network as a consumer would emit it.
+struct Row {
+  std::string ssid;
+  int8_t rssi;
+  bool lock;
+
+  bool operator==(const Row &rhs) const { return ssid == rhs.ssid && rssi == rhs.rssi && lock == rhs.lock; }
+};
+
+// Walk the results the way the consumers do and collect the rows that survive.
+std::vector<Row> rows(const std::vector<Entry> &results) {
+  std::vector<Row> out;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < results.size(); i++) {
+    bool with_auth = false;
+    if (!should_show_scan_entry(results, results[i], with_auth))
+      continue;
+    out.push_back({results[i].ssid, results[i].rssi, with_auth});
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+TEST(ScanList, SingleEntryShown) {
+  std::vector<Entry> results = {{"Home", -60}};
+  EXPECT_EQ(rows(results), (std::vector<Row>{{"Home", -60, true}}));
+}
+
+TEST(ScanList, DistinctSsidsAllShownInOrder) {
+  std::vector<Entry> results = {{"Home", -60}, {"Guest", -70}, {"Cafe", -40}};
+  EXPECT_EQ(rows(results), (std::vector<Row>{{"Home", -60, true}, {"Guest", -70, true}, {"Cafe", -40, true}}));
+}
+
+// Results are ordered by connection preference, not RSSI, so the strongest entry
+// can sit anywhere in the list.
+TEST(ScanList, SameSsidKeepsStrongest) {
+  std::vector<Entry> results = {{"Home", -70}, {"Home", -50}, {"Home", -60}};
+  EXPECT_EQ(rows(results), (std::vector<Row>{{"Home", -50, true}}));
+}
+
+TEST(ScanList, EqualRssiKeepsFirst) {
+  std::vector<Entry> results = {{"Home", -60}, {"Home", -60}, {"Home", -60}};
+  bool with_auth = false;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(should_show_scan_entry(results, results[0], with_auth));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(should_show_scan_entry(results, results[1], with_auth));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(should_show_scan_entry(results, results[2], with_auth));
+  EXPECT_EQ(rows(results), (std::vector<Row>{{"Home", -60, true}}));
+}
+
+// with_auth is an out-parameter that must only be written for a shown entry.
+TEST(ScanList, WithAuthUntouchedWhenNotShown) {
+  std::vector<Entry> results = {{"Home", -50, false}, {"Home", -70, true}};
+  bool with_auth = false;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(should_show_scan_entry(results, results[1], with_auth));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(with_auth);
+}
+
+TEST(ScanList, DuplicatesInterleavedWithOtherNetworks) {
+  std::vector<Entry> results = {{"Home", -70}, {"Guest", -55}, {"Home", -50}, {"Guest", -65}};
+  EXPECT_EQ(rows(results), (std::vector<Row>{{"Guest", -55, true}, {"Home", -50, true}}));
+}
+
+// Hidden networks scan with an empty SSID. They are never listed and do not
+// collapse into each other or into anything else.
+TEST(ScanList, HiddenEntriesNeverShown) {
+  std::vector<Entry> results = {{"", -40, true, true}, {"Home", -70}, {"", -30, true, true}};
+  EXPECT_EQ(rows(results), (std::vector<Row>{{"Home", -70, true}}));
+}
+
+// On ESP8266 the hidden flag comes from the driver alongside a real SSID, so a
+// hidden access point can share its name with a visible one. It must not
+// outrank that visible entry and leave the network unlisted.
+TEST(ScanList, HiddenEntryDoesNotSuppressVisibleSameSsid) {
+  std::vector<Entry> results = {{"Home", -40, true, true}, {"Home", -70}};
+  EXPECT_EQ(rows(results), (std::vector<Row>{{"Home", -70, true}}));
+}
+
+// An open access point and a secured one sharing an SSID collapse to one row that
+// still asks for a password, whichever of them is strongest.
+TEST(ScanList, LockSetWhenAnyEntryRequiresAuth) {
+  std::vector<Entry> open_stronger = {{"Home", -50, false}, {"Home", -70, true}};
+  EXPECT_EQ(rows(open_stronger), (std::vector<Row>{{"Home", -50, true}}));
+
+  std::vector<Entry> secured_stronger = {{"Home", -70, false}, {"Home", -50, true}};
+  EXPECT_EQ(rows(secured_stronger), (std::vector<Row>{{"Home", -50, true}}));
+}
+
+TEST(ScanList, LockClearWhenEveryEntryIsOpen) {
+  std::vector<Entry> results = {{"Cafe", -60, false}, {"Cafe", -50, false}};
+  EXPECT_EQ(rows(results), (std::vector<Row>{{"Cafe", -50, false}}));
+}
+
+// The auth flag of an unrelated network must not leak into another SSID's row.
+TEST(ScanList, LockIsPerSsid) {
+  std::vector<Entry> results = {{"Cafe", -60, false}, {"Home", -50, true}};
+  EXPECT_EQ(rows(results), (std::vector<Row>{{"Cafe", -60, false}, {"Home", -50, true}}));
+}
+
+TEST(ScanList, EmptyListShowsNothing) {
+  std::vector<Entry> results;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(rows(results).empty());
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::wifi::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/wled/test.esp32-ard.yaml b/tests/components/wled/test.esp32-ard.yaml
index 156b31181e..ecab767812 100644
--- a/tests/components/wled/test.esp32-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/wled/test.esp32-ard.yaml
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ light:
     id: led_matrix_32x8
     default_transition_length: 500ms
     chipset: ws2812
-    rgb_order: GRB
+    channel_colors: GRB
     num_leds: 256
     pin: 2
     effects:
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_ble/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_ble/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d46c306d65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_ble/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+xiaomi_ble:
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_ble/common.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_ble/common.yaml
index 9d10393177..f218426c23 100644
--- a/tests/components/xiaomi_ble/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_ble/common.yaml
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
+# Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
 xiaomi_ble:
+  ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_ble/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_ble/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..014985c5c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_ble/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  xiaomi_ble: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_ble/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_ble/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..20b42c4263
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_ble/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+# Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+xiaomi_ble:
+  ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_cgd1/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgd1/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0ee92e3e14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgd1/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_cgd1
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:D1:61:7D
+    bindkey: c99d2313182473b38001086febf781bd
+    temperature:
+      name: Xiaomi CGD1 Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: Xiaomi CGD1 Humidity
+    battery_level:
+      name: Xiaomi CGD1 Battery Level
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_cgd1/common.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgd1/common.yaml
index 94ed09e8f2..032a6d5c19 100644
--- a/tests/components/xiaomi_cgd1/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgd1/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: xiaomi_cgd1
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: A4:C1:38:D1:61:7D
     bindkey: c99d2313182473b38001086febf781bd
     temperature:
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_cgd1/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgd1/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..844f9c97bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgd1/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  xiaomi_cgd1: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_cgd1/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgd1/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5980fba7ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgd1/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: xiaomi_cgd1
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:D1:61:7D
+    bindkey: c99d2313182473b38001086febf781bd
+    temperature:
+      name: Xiaomi CGD1 Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: Xiaomi CGD1 Humidity
+    battery_level:
+      name: Xiaomi CGD1 Battery Level
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: xiaomi_cgd1
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:D1:61:7E
+    bindkey: c99d2313182473b38001086febf781bd
+    temperature:
+      name: BK Xiaomi CGD1 Implicit Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f8ff21bd5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_cgdk2
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:D1:61:7D
+    bindkey: c99d2313182473b38001086febf781bd
+    temperature:
+      name: Xiaomi CGDK2 Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: Xiaomi CGDK2 Humidity
+    battery_level:
+      name: Xiaomi CGDK2 Battery Level
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/common.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/common.yaml
index dddca56222..d5040aa0be 100644
--- a/tests/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/common.yaml
@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: xiaomi_cgdk2
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: A4:C1:38:D1:61:7D
     bindkey: c99d2313182473b38001086febf781bd
     temperature:
-      name: Xiaomi CGD1 Temperature
+      name: Xiaomi CGDK2 Temperature
     humidity:
-      name: Xiaomi CGD1 Humidity
+      name: Xiaomi CGDK2 Humidity
     battery_level:
-      name: Xiaomi CGD1 Battery Level
+      name: Xiaomi CGDK2 Battery Level
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6f0fb03fd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  xiaomi_cgdk2: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0eb2617cd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: xiaomi_cgdk2
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:D1:61:7D
+    bindkey: c99d2313182473b38001086febf781bd
+    temperature:
+      name: Xiaomi CGDK2 Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: Xiaomi CGDK2 Humidity
+    battery_level:
+      name: Xiaomi CGDK2 Battery Level
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: xiaomi_cgdk2
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:D1:61:7E
+    bindkey: c99d2313182473b38001086febf781bd
+    temperature:
+      name: BK Xiaomi CGDK2 Implicit Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_cgg1/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgg1/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f26d31ed50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgg1/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_cgg1
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:D1:61:7D
+    bindkey: c99d2313182473b38001086febf781bd
+    temperature:
+      name: Xiaomi CGG1 Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: Xiaomi CGG1 Humidity
+    battery_level:
+      name: Xiaomi CGG1 Battery Level
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_cgg1/common.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgg1/common.yaml
index 170aebfbde..e4a3ef4ba7 100644
--- a/tests/components/xiaomi_cgg1/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgg1/common.yaml
@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: xiaomi_cgg1
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: A4:C1:38:D1:61:7D
     bindkey: c99d2313182473b38001086febf781bd
     temperature:
-      name: Xiaomi CGD1 Temperature
+      name: Xiaomi CGG1 Temperature
     humidity:
-      name: Xiaomi CGD1 Humidity
+      name: Xiaomi CGG1 Humidity
     battery_level:
-      name: Xiaomi CGD1 Battery Level
+      name: Xiaomi CGG1 Battery Level
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_cgg1/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgg1/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..76ebbc01ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgg1/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  xiaomi_cgg1: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_cgg1/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgg1/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..11420925a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgg1/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: xiaomi_cgg1
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:D1:61:7D
+    bindkey: c99d2313182473b38001086febf781bd
+    temperature:
+      name: Xiaomi CGG1 Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: Xiaomi CGG1 Humidity
+    battery_level:
+      name: Xiaomi CGG1 Battery Level
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: xiaomi_cgg1
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:D1:61:7E
+    bindkey: c99d2313182473b38001086febf781bd
+    temperature:
+      name: BK Xiaomi CGG1 Implicit Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..675d7ac18e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_cgpr1
+    name: CGPR1 Motion
+    mac_address: "12:34:56:12:34:56"
+    bindkey: 48403ebe2d385db8d0c187f81e62cb64
+    battery_level:
+      name: CGPR1 Battery Level
+    idle_time:
+      name: CGPR1 Idle Time
+    illuminance:
+      name: CGPR1 Illuminance
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/common.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/common.yaml
index 48082a886c..d713e5e996 100644
--- a/tests/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/common.yaml
@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 binary_sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: xiaomi_cgpr1
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     name: CGPR1 Motion
     mac_address: "12:34:56:12:34:56"
     bindkey: 48403ebe2d385db8d0c187f81e62cb64
     battery_level:
-      name: CGPR1 battery Level
+      name: CGPR1 Battery Level
     idle_time:
       name: CGPR1 Idle Time
     illuminance:
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7199fd6a6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  xiaomi_cgpr1: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..749adfebe2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+binary_sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: xiaomi_cgpr1
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    name: CGPR1 Motion
+    mac_address: "12:34:56:12:34:56"
+    bindkey: 48403ebe2d385db8d0c187f81e62cb64
+    battery_level:
+      name: CGPR1 Battery Level
+    idle_time:
+      name: CGPR1 Idle Time
+    illuminance:
+      name: CGPR1 Illuminance
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: xiaomi_cgpr1
+    name: BK CGPR1 Implicit Motion
+    mac_address: "12:34:56:12:34:57"
+    bindkey: 48403ebe2d385db8d0c187f81e62cb64
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_gcls002/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_gcls002/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..606f78e7cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_gcls002/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_gcls002
+    mac_address: 94:2B:FF:5C:91:61
+    temperature:
+      name: GCLS02 Temperature
+    moisture:
+      name: GCLS02 Moisture
+    conductivity:
+      name: GCLS02 Soil Conductivity
+    illuminance:
+      name: GCLS02 Illuminance
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_gcls002/common.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_gcls002/common.yaml
index 32990708cc..86ec068a19 100644
--- a/tests/components/xiaomi_gcls002/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_gcls002/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: xiaomi_gcls002
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: 94:2B:FF:5C:91:61
     temperature:
       name: GCLS02 Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_gcls002/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_gcls002/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1bec7b000c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_gcls002/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  xiaomi_gcls002: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_gcls002/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_gcls002/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f84d325685
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_gcls002/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: xiaomi_gcls002
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: 94:2B:FF:5C:91:61
+    temperature:
+      name: GCLS02 Temperature
+    moisture:
+      name: GCLS02 Moisture
+    conductivity:
+      name: GCLS02 Soil Conductivity
+    illuminance:
+      name: GCLS02 Illuminance
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: xiaomi_gcls002
+    mac_address: 94:2B:FF:5C:91:62
+    temperature:
+      name: BK GCLS02 Implicit Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1fcbe985eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_hhccjcy01
+    mac_address: 94:2B:FF:5C:91:61
+    temperature:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY01 Temperature
+    moisture:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY01 Moisture
+    illuminance:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY01 Illuminance
+    conductivity:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY01 Soil Conductivity
+    battery_level:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY01 Battery Level
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/common.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/common.yaml
index 0def909488..756f1280f6 100644
--- a/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: xiaomi_hhccjcy01
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: 94:2B:FF:5C:91:61
     temperature:
       name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY01 Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3cb949bb83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  xiaomi_hhccjcy01: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..da52b527e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: xiaomi_hhccjcy01
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: 94:2B:FF:5C:91:61
+    temperature:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY01 Temperature
+    moisture:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY01 Moisture
+    illuminance:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY01 Illuminance
+    conductivity:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY01 Soil Conductivity
+    battery_level:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY01 Battery Level
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: xiaomi_hhccjcy01
+    mac_address: 94:2B:FF:5C:91:62
+    temperature:
+      name: BK Xiaomi HHCCJCY01 Implicit Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c71b5cc1e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_hhccjcy10
+    mac_address: 94:2B:FF:5C:91:61
+    temperature:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY10 Temperature
+    moisture:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY10 Moisture
+    illuminance:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY10 Illuminance
+    conductivity:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY10 Conductivity
+    battery_level:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY10 Battery Level
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/common.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/common.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..79efdde42d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: xiaomi_hhccjcy10
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: 94:2B:FF:5C:91:61
+    temperature:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY10 Temperature
+    moisture:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY10 Moisture
+    illuminance:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY10 Illuminance
+    conductivity:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY10 Conductivity
+    battery_level:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY10 Battery Level
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/test.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bc67f843ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ble: !include ../../test_build_components/common/ble/esp32-idf.yaml
+  xiaomi_hhccjcy10: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8fe9e74dfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  xiaomi_hhccjcy10: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e39bcfb8be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: xiaomi_hhccjcy10
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: 94:2B:FF:5C:91:61
+    temperature:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY10 Temperature
+    moisture:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY10 Moisture
+    illuminance:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY10 Illuminance
+    conductivity:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY10 Conductivity
+    battery_level:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY10 Battery Level
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: xiaomi_hhccjcy10
+    mac_address: 94:2B:FF:5C:91:62
+    temperature:
+      name: BK Xiaomi HHCCJCY10 Implicit Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6f39b6a2b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_hhccpot002
+    mac_address: 94:2B:FF:5C:91:61
+    moisture:
+      name: HHCCPOT002 Moisture
+    conductivity:
+      name: HHCCPOT002 Soil Conductivity
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/common.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/common.yaml
index 2e5fa14620..cee426f100 100644
--- a/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: xiaomi_hhccpot002
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: 94:2B:FF:5C:91:61
     moisture:
       name: HHCCPOT002 Moisture
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1f69281400
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  xiaomi_hhccpot002: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c4003ecf4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: xiaomi_hhccpot002
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: 94:2B:FF:5C:91:61
+    moisture:
+      name: HHCCPOT002 Moisture
+    conductivity:
+      name: HHCCPOT002 Soil Conductivity
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: xiaomi_hhccpot002
+    mac_address: 94:2B:FF:5C:91:62
+    moisture:
+      name: BK HHCCPOT002 Implicit Moisture
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c20269eab4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_jqjcy01ym
+    mac_address: 7A:80:8E:19:36:BA
+    temperature:
+      name: JQJCY01YM Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: JQJCY01YM Humidity
+    formaldehyde:
+      name: JQJCY01YM Formaldehyde
+    battery_level:
+      name: JQJCY01YM Battery Level
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/common.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/common.yaml
index 54c4b33dcd..1aace227cf 100644
--- a/tests/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: xiaomi_jqjcy01ym
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: 7A:80:8E:19:36:BA
     temperature:
       name: JQJCY01YM Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f3196e5188
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  xiaomi_jqjcy01ym: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c63ddcae3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: xiaomi_jqjcy01ym
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: 7A:80:8E:19:36:BA
+    temperature:
+      name: JQJCY01YM Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: JQJCY01YM Humidity
+    formaldehyde:
+      name: JQJCY01YM Formaldehyde
+    battery_level:
+      name: JQJCY01YM Battery Level
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: xiaomi_jqjcy01ym
+    mac_address: 7A:80:8E:19:36:BB
+    temperature:
+      name: BK JQJCY01YM Implicit Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ea3ec6647f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_lywsd02
+    mac_address: 3F:5B:7D:82:58:4E
+    temperature:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSD02 Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSD02 Humidity
+    battery_level:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSD02 Battery Level
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/common.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/common.yaml
index 3e40ab8d70..76638cec5e 100644
--- a/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: xiaomi_lywsd02
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: 3F:5B:7D:82:58:4E
     temperature:
       name: Xiaomi LYWSD02 Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cc3e0bca1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  xiaomi_lywsd02: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..59d9045e37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: xiaomi_lywsd02
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: 3F:5B:7D:82:58:4E
+    temperature:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSD02 Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSD02 Humidity
+    battery_level:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSD02 Battery Level
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: xiaomi_lywsd02
+    mac_address: 3F:5B:7D:82:58:4F
+    temperature:
+      name: BK Xiaomi LYWSD02 Implicit Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9e81de78ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_lywsd02mmc
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:54:5E:18
+    bindkey: 2529d8e0d23150a588675cc54ad48400
+    temperature:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSD02MMC Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSD02MMC Humidity
+    battery_level:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSD02MMC Battery Level
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/common.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/common.yaml
index e63f585830..870a4f4916 100644
--- a/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: xiaomi_lywsd02mmc
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: A4:C1:38:54:5E:18
     bindkey: 2529d8e0d23150a588675cc54ad48400
     temperature:
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bcbe4c20d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  xiaomi_lywsd02mmc: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f5266b65af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: xiaomi_lywsd02mmc
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:54:5E:18
+    bindkey: 2529d8e0d23150a588675cc54ad48400
+    temperature:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSD02MMC Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSD02MMC Humidity
+    battery_level:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSD02MMC Battery Level
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: xiaomi_lywsd02mmc
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:54:5E:19
+    bindkey: 2529d8e0d23150a588675cc54ad48400
+    temperature:
+      name: BK Xiaomi LYWSD02MMC Implicit Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fe9b0b7b32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_lywsd03mmc
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:4E:16:78
+    bindkey: e9efaa6873f9f9c87a5e75a5f814801c
+    temperature:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSD03MMC Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSD03MMC Humidity
+    battery_level:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSD03MMC Battery Level
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/common.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/common.yaml
index d10a859c56..907fdb9078 100644
--- a/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: xiaomi_lywsd03mmc
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: A4:C1:38:4E:16:78
     bindkey: e9efaa6873f9f9c87a5e75a5f814801c
     temperature:
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c85742c495
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  xiaomi_lywsd03mmc: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e13b4dac47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: xiaomi_lywsd03mmc
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:4E:16:78
+    bindkey: e9efaa6873f9f9c87a5e75a5f814801c
+    temperature:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSD03MMC Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSD03MMC Humidity
+    battery_level:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSD03MMC Battery Level
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: xiaomi_lywsd03mmc
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:4E:16:79
+    bindkey: e9efaa6873f9f9c87a5e75a5f814801c
+    temperature:
+      name: BK Xiaomi LYWSD03MMC Implicit Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6a458a5b2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_lywsdcgq
+    mac_address: 7A:80:8E:19:36:BA
+    temperature:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSDCGQ Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSDCGQ Humidity
+    battery_level:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSDCGQ Battery Level
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/common.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/common.yaml
index d8422b4c0c..147b77c2d1 100644
--- a/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: xiaomi_lywsdcgq
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: 7A:80:8E:19:36:BA
     temperature:
       name: Xiaomi LYWSDCGQ Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..48aa38be38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  xiaomi_lywsdcgq: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..030f74afa3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: xiaomi_lywsdcgq
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: 7A:80:8E:19:36:BA
+    temperature:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSDCGQ Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSDCGQ Humidity
+    battery_level:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSDCGQ Battery Level
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: xiaomi_lywsdcgq
+    mac_address: 7A:80:8E:19:36:BB
+    temperature:
+      name: BK Xiaomi LYWSDCGQ Implicit Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ca89047a68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_mhoc303
+    mac_address: E7:50:59:32:A0:1C
+    temperature:
+      name: MHO-C303 Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: MHO-C303 Humidity
+    battery_level:
+      name: MHO-C303 Battery Level
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/common.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/common.yaml
index e4353d3c6a..74c96fc26d 100644
--- a/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: xiaomi_mhoc303
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: E7:50:59:32:A0:1C
     temperature:
       name: MHO-C303 Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6e927dafe8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  xiaomi_mhoc303: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5c7f29c98e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: xiaomi_mhoc303
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: E7:50:59:32:A0:1C
+    temperature:
+      name: MHO-C303 Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: MHO-C303 Humidity
+    battery_level:
+      name: MHO-C303 Battery Level
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: xiaomi_mhoc303
+    mac_address: E7:50:59:32:A0:1D
+    temperature:
+      name: BK MHO-C303 Implicit Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..43641f66d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_mhoc401
+    mac_address: E7:50:59:32:A0:1C
+    bindkey: eef418daf699a0c188f3bfd17e4565d9
+    temperature:
+      name: MHO-C401 Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: MHO-C401 Humidity
+    battery_level:
+      name: MHO-C401 Battery Level
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/common.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/common.yaml
index ae378f5604..646961b3b6 100644
--- a/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/common.yaml
@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: xiaomi_mhoc401
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: E7:50:59:32:A0:1C
     bindkey: "eef418daf699a0c188f3bfd17e4565d9"
     temperature:
-      name: MHO-C303 Temperature
+      name: MHO-C401 Temperature
     humidity:
-      name: MHO-C303 Humidity
+      name: MHO-C401 Humidity
     battery_level:
-      name: MHO-C303 Battery Level
+      name: MHO-C401 Battery Level
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a20f24671d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  xiaomi_mhoc401: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f7a2bd3e4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: xiaomi_mhoc401
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: E7:50:59:32:A0:1C
+    bindkey: "eef418daf699a0c188f3bfd17e4565d9"
+    temperature:
+      name: MHO-C401 Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: MHO-C401 Humidity
+    battery_level:
+      name: MHO-C401 Battery Level
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: xiaomi_mhoc401
+    mac_address: E7:50:59:32:A0:1D
+    bindkey: eef418daf699a0c188f3bfd17e4565d9
+    temperature:
+      name: BK MHO-C401 Implicit Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_miscale/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_miscale/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..38c3287402
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_miscale/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_miscale
+    mac_address: '5C:CA:D3:70:D4:A2'
+    weight:
+      name: "Xiaomi Mi Scale Weight"
+    impedance:
+      name: "Xiaomi Mi Scale Impedance"
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_miscale/common.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_miscale/common.yaml
index 89f32ad199..673db86311 100644
--- a/tests/components/xiaomi_miscale/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_miscale/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: xiaomi_miscale
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: '5C:CA:D3:70:D4:A2'
     weight:
       name: "Xiaomi Mi Scale Weight"
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_miscale/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_miscale/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..88c5054ae3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_miscale/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  xiaomi_miscale: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_miscale/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_miscale/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..46fc7d0a2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_miscale/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: xiaomi_miscale
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: '5C:CA:D3:70:D4:A2'
+    weight:
+      name: "Xiaomi Mi Scale Weight"
+    impedance:
+      name: "Xiaomi Mi Scale Impedance"
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: xiaomi_miscale
+    mac_address: '5C:CA:D3:70:D4:A3'
+    weight:
+      name: "BK Xiaomi Mi Scale Implicit Weight"
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..04117e1565
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_mjyd02yla
+    name: MJYD02YL-A Motion
+    mac_address: 50:EC:50:CD:32:02
+    bindkey: 48403ebe2d385db8d0c187f81e62cb64
+    idle_time:
+      name: MJYD02YL-A Idle Time
+    light:
+      name: MJYD02YL-A Light Status
+    battery_level:
+      name: MJYD02YL-A Battery Level
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/common.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/common.yaml
index dffcef84c4..1a2c67c971 100644
--- a/tests/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 binary_sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: xiaomi_mjyd02yla
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     name: MJYD02YL-A Motion
     mac_address: 50:EC:50:CD:32:02
     bindkey: 48403ebe2d385db8d0c187f81e62cb64
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3e7ec5e9ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  xiaomi_mjyd02yla: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b47069a939
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+binary_sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: xiaomi_mjyd02yla
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    name: MJYD02YL-A Motion
+    mac_address: 50:EC:50:CD:32:02
+    bindkey: 48403ebe2d385db8d0c187f81e62cb64
+    idle_time:
+      name: MJYD02YL-A Idle Time
+    light:
+      name: MJYD02YL-A Light Status
+    battery_level:
+      name: MJYD02YL-A Battery Level
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: xiaomi_mjyd02yla
+    name: BK MJYD02YL-A Implicit Motion
+    mac_address: 50:EC:50:CD:32:03
+    bindkey: 48403ebe2d385db8d0c187f81e62cb64
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9d28a7e7f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_mue4094rt
+    name: MUE4094RT Motion
+    mac_address: 7A:80:8E:19:36:BA
+    timeout: 5s
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/common.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/common.yaml
index 4f0e5ccbae..bd5d9348ea 100644
--- a/tests/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 binary_sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: xiaomi_mue4094rt
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     name: MUE4094RT Motion
     mac_address: 7A:80:8E:19:36:BA
     timeout: 5s
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bd2ccc4e59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  xiaomi_mue4094rt: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..10a537089b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+binary_sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: xiaomi_mue4094rt
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    name: MUE4094RT Motion
+    mac_address: 7A:80:8E:19:36:BA
+    timeout: 5s
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: xiaomi_mue4094rt
+    name: BK MUE4094RT Implicit Motion
+    mac_address: 7A:80:8E:19:36:BB
+    timeout: 5s
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4a04476457
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+xiaomi_rtcgq02lm:
+  - id: motion_rtcgq02lm
+    mac_address: 01:02:03:04:05:06
+    bindkey: "48403ebe2d385db8d0c187f81e62cb64"
+
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_rtcgq02lm
+    id: motion_rtcgq02lm
+    motion:
+      name: Mi Motion Sensor 2
+    light:
+      name: Mi Motion Sensor 2 Light
+    button:
+      name: Mi Motion Sensor 2 Button
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_rtcgq02lm
+    id: motion_rtcgq02lm
+    battery_level:
+      name: Mi Motion Sensor 2 Battery level
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/common.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/common.yaml
index a2e0c66ba5..4d235f6813 100644
--- a/tests/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
+# Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
 xiaomi_rtcgq02lm:
   - id: motion_rtcgq02lm
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: 01:02:03:04:05:06
     bindkey: "48403ebe2d385db8d0c187f81e62cb64"
 
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6ef79a6626
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  xiaomi_rtcgq02lm: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9c67182050
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+# Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+xiaomi_rtcgq02lm:
+  - id: motion_rtcgq02lm
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: 01:02:03:04:05:06
+    bindkey: "48403ebe2d385db8d0c187f81e62cb64"
+
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - id: motion_rtcgq02lm_implicit
+    mac_address: 01:02:03:04:05:07
+    bindkey: "48403ebe2d385db8d0c187f81e62cb64"
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_rtcgq02lm
+    id: motion_rtcgq02lm
+    motion:
+      name: Mi Motion Sensor 2
+    light:
+      name: Mi Motion Sensor 2 Light
+    button:
+      name: Mi Motion Sensor 2 Button
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_rtcgq02lm
+    id: motion_rtcgq02lm
+    battery_level:
+      name: Mi Motion Sensor 2 Battery level
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..83766c084b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_wx08zm
+    name: WX08ZM Activation State
+    mac_address: 74:a3:4a:b5:07:34
+    tablet:
+      name: WX08ZM Tablet Resource
+    battery_level:
+      name: WX08ZM Battery Level
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/common.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/common.yaml
index 3e83ad3e95..6e43a92d2e 100644
--- a/tests/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 binary_sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: xiaomi_wx08zm
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     name: WX08ZM Activation State
     mac_address: 74:a3:4a:b5:07:34
     tablet:
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..81f05c0c7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  xiaomi_wx08zm: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fb9a4e3652
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+binary_sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: xiaomi_wx08zm
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    name: WX08ZM Activation State
+    mac_address: 74:a3:4a:b5:07:34
+    tablet:
+      name: WX08ZM Tablet Resource
+    battery_level:
+      name: WX08ZM Battery Level
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: xiaomi_wx08zm
+    name: BK WX08ZM Implicit Activation State
+    mac_address: 74:a3:4a:b5:07:35
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2a0778c2a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc
+    mac_address: 84:B4:DB:5D:A3:8F
+    bindkey: d8ca2ed09bb5541dc8f045ca360b00ea
+    temperature:
+      name: Xiaomi XMWSDJ04MMC Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: Xiaomi XMWSDJ04MMC Humidity
+    battery_level:
+      name: Xiaomi XMWSDJ04MMC Battery Level
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/common.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/common.yaml
index fe7a11efc5..1de13b2bc5 100644
--- a/tests/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: 84:B4:DB:5D:A3:8F
     bindkey: d8ca2ed09bb5541dc8f045ca360b00ea
     temperature:
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..749473a022
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4139263b52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: 84:B4:DB:5D:A3:8F
+    bindkey: d8ca2ed09bb5541dc8f045ca360b00ea
+    temperature:
+      name: Xiaomi XMWSDJ04MMC Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: Xiaomi XMWSDJ04MMC Humidity
+    battery_level:
+      name: Xiaomi XMWSDJ04MMC Battery Level
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc
+    mac_address: 84:B4:DB:5D:A3:90
+    bindkey: d8ca2ed09bb5541dc8f045ca360b00ea
+    temperature:
+      name: BK Xiaomi XMWSDJ04MMC Implicit Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/zigbee/common.yaml b/tests/components/zigbee/common.yaml
index cc0d28ea61..4518e39060 100644
--- a/tests/components/zigbee/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/zigbee/common.yaml
@@ -41,3 +41,6 @@ number:
     min_value: 2
     max_value: 100
     step: 1
+
+time:
+  - platform: zigbee
diff --git a/tests/components/zigbee/common_nrf52.yaml b/tests/components/zigbee/common_nrf52.yaml
index c05c4053a5..2da6570618 100644
--- a/tests/components/zigbee/common_nrf52.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/zigbee/common_nrf52.yaml
@@ -10,6 +10,3 @@ zigbee:
   on_start:
     then:
       - logger.log: "Started zigbee stack"
-
-time:
-  - platform: zigbee
diff --git a/tests/components/zigbee/test-router.esp32-c6-idf.yaml b/tests/components/zigbee/test-router.esp32-c6-idf.yaml
index 228fe331e5..557cc08f04 100644
--- a/tests/components/zigbee/test-router.esp32-c6-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/zigbee/test-router.esp32-c6-idf.yaml
@@ -5,3 +5,6 @@ zigbee:
   on_join:
     then:
       - logger.log: "Joined network"
+
+time:
+  - platform: zigbee
diff --git a/tests/dummy_main.cpp b/tests/dummy_main.cpp
index 6fa0c08aa3..228d54ef01 100644
--- a/tests/dummy_main.cpp
+++ b/tests/dummy_main.cpp
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ void setup() {
 
   auto *ota = new esphome::ESPHomeOTAComponent();  // NOLINT
   ota->set_port(8266);
+  App.register_component_(ota);
 
   App.setup();
 }
diff --git a/tests/integration/README.md b/tests/integration/README.md
index 44d9e0d644..790d9a3a11 100644
--- a/tests/integration/README.md
+++ b/tests/integration/README.md
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ This directory contains end-to-end integration tests for ESPHome, focusing on te
 - `conftest.py` - Common fixtures and utilities
 - `const.py` - Constants used throughout the integration tests
 - `types.py` - Type definitions for fixtures and functions
+- `raw_api_client.py` - Minimal plaintext api client whose reads happen only on request (for backpressure tests)
 - `state_utils.py` - State handling utilities (e.g., `InitialStateHelper`, `find_entity`, `require_entity`)
 - `fixtures/` - YAML configuration files for tests
 - `test_*.py` - Individual test files
@@ -347,6 +348,7 @@ Create C++ components in `fixtures/external_components/` for:
 - Custom entity behaviors
 - Scheduler testing
 - Memory management tests
+- Deterministic network backpressure (`sndbuf_pin_component` pins socket send buffers; assert on its log line to prove the pin took effect)
 
 ##### Log Line Monitoring
 ```python
diff --git a/tests/integration/conftest.py b/tests/integration/conftest.py
index a9c9e0686f..6777e6cabc 100644
--- a/tests/integration/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/integration/conftest.py
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import pytest_asyncio
 
 import esphome.config
 from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.helpers import get_usable_cpu_count
 from esphome.platformio.toolchain import get_idedata
 
 from .const import (
@@ -60,16 +61,34 @@ def _get_platformio_env(cache_dir: Path) -> dict[str, str]:
     env = os.environ.copy()
     env["PLATFORMIO_CORE_DIR"] = str(cache_dir)
     env["PLATFORMIO_CACHE_DIR"] = str(cache_dir / ".cache")
-    env["PLATFORMIO_LIBDEPS_DIR"] = str(cache_dir / "libdeps")
+    # libdeps is keyed only by env name (the device name), and fixtures share
+    # names; two xdist workers first-compiling the same name race pio pkg
+    # install in the same directory. Keep libdeps per worker.
+    worker = os.environ.get("PYTEST_XDIST_WORKER", "master")
+    env["PLATFORMIO_LIBDEPS_DIR"] = str(cache_dir / "libdeps" / worker)
     # Prevent cache cleaning during integration tests
     env["ESPHOME_SKIP_CLEAN_BUILD"] = "1"
+    # Cap each compile's -j so several xdist workers do not each spawn a
+    # full-width compiler fan-out on the same machine. An explicit env wins.
+    if "ESPHOME_DEFAULT_COMPILE_PROCESS_LIMIT" not in os.environ:
+        workers = int(os.environ.get("PYTEST_XDIST_WORKER_COUNT", "1"))
+        # Floor of 2 keeps a lone tail compile from running fully serial
+        env["ESPHOME_DEFAULT_COMPILE_PROCESS_LIMIT"] = str(
+            max(2, get_usable_cpu_count() // workers)
+        )
+    # Compile with THIS tree's esphome sources, not wherever the venv's editable
+    # install points (which may be a different git worktree or checkout).
+    repo_root = str(Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent.parent)
+    existing = env.get("PYTHONPATH")
+    env["PYTHONPATH"] = f"{repo_root}{os.pathsep}{existing}" if existing else repo_root
     return env
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(scope="session")
 def shared_platformio_cache() -> Generator[Path]:
     """Initialize a shared PlatformIO cache for all integration tests."""
-    # Use a dedicated directory for integration tests to avoid conflicts
+    # Use a dedicated directory for integration tests to avoid conflicts.
+    # CI caches parts of this path; keep in sync with ci.yml integration-tests.
     test_cache_dir = Path.home() / ".esphome-integration-tests"
     cache_dir = test_cache_dir / "platformio"
 
@@ -101,7 +120,7 @@ def shared_platformio_cache() -> Generator[Path]:
                 env = _get_platformio_env(cache_dir)
 
                 subprocess.run(
-                    ["esphome", "compile", str(config_path)],
+                    [sys.executable, "-m", "esphome", "compile", str(config_path)],
                     check=True,
                     cwd=init_dir,
                     env=env,
@@ -245,6 +264,8 @@ async def compile_esphome(
         for attempt in range(max_retries):
             # Compile using subprocess, inheriting stdout/stderr to show progress
             proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
+                sys.executable,
+                "-m",
                 "esphome",
                 "compile",
                 str(config_path),
diff --git a/tests/integration/entity_utils.py b/tests/integration/entity_utils.py
index 95f6a0321e..7596983ee2 100644
--- a/tests/integration/entity_utils.py
+++ b/tests/integration/entity_utils.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
-from esphome.helpers import fnv1_hash_name, sanitize, snake_case
+from esphome.helpers import fnv1_hash_object_id, sanitize, snake_case
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from aioesphomeapi import DeviceInfo, EntityInfo
@@ -25,16 +25,15 @@ def infer_name_add_mac_suffix(device_info: DeviceInfo) -> bool:
     return device_info.name.endswith(f"-{mac_suffix}")
 
 
-def _resolve_entity_name(
+def _get_name_for_object_id(
     entity: EntityInfo,
     device_info: DeviceInfo,
     device_id_to_name: dict[int, str],
 ) -> str:
-    """Resolve the effective name for an entity.
+    """Get the name used for object_id computation.
 
     This is the algorithm that aioesphomeapi will use to determine which
-    name to use for computing object_id client-side from API data; the same
-    name is what the device hashes into the entity key.
+    name to use for computing object_id client-side from API data.
 
     Args:
         entity: The entity to get name for
@@ -73,27 +72,27 @@ def compute_entity_object_id(
     Returns:
         The computed object_id string
     """
-    name = _resolve_entity_name(entity, device_info, device_id_to_name)
-    return compute_object_id(name)
+    name_for_id = _get_name_for_object_id(entity, device_info, device_id_to_name)
+    return compute_object_id(name_for_id)
 
 
-def compute_entity_key(
+def compute_entity_hash(
     entity: EntityInfo,
     device_info: DeviceInfo,
     device_id_to_name: dict[int, str],
 ) -> int:
-    """Compute expected entity key for an entity.
+    """Compute expected object_id hash for an entity.
 
     Args:
-        entity: The entity to compute the key for
+        entity: The entity to compute hash for
         device_info: Device info from the API
         device_id_to_name: Mapping of device_id to device name for sub-devices
 
     Returns:
-        The computed FNV-1 hash of the raw name
+        The computed FNV-1 hash
     """
-    name = _resolve_entity_name(entity, device_info, device_id_to_name)
-    return fnv1_hash_name(name)
+    name_for_id = _get_name_for_object_id(entity, device_info, device_id_to_name)
+    return fnv1_hash_object_id(name_for_id)
 
 
 def verify_entity_object_id(
@@ -119,7 +118,7 @@ def verify_entity_object_id(
         f"expected '{expected_object_id}', got '{entity.object_id}'"
     )
 
-    expected_hash = compute_entity_key(entity, device_info, device_id_to_name)
+    expected_hash = compute_entity_hash(entity, device_info, device_id_to_name)
     assert entity.key == expected_hash, (
         f"hash mismatch for entity '{entity.name}': "
         f"expected {expected_hash:#x}, got {entity.key:#x}"
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/api_action_metadata.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/api_action_metadata.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..802b965110
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/api_action_metadata.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+esphome:
+  name: api-action-metadata-test
+host:
+api:
+  batch_delay: 0ms
+  actions:
+    - action: play_buzzer
+      description: Play an RTTTL melody on the buzzer
+      variables:
+        song_str:
+          type: string
+          description: RTTTL melody string
+          example: "two_short:d=4,o=5,b=100:16e6,16e6"
+        volume:
+          type: int
+      then:
+        - logger.log:
+            format: "Buzzer: %s"
+            args: [song_str.c_str()]
+    - action: plain_action
+      variables:
+        value: int
+      then:
+        - logger.log: "Plain action called"
+
+logger:
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/api_get_time_response_timezone.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/api_get_time_response_timezone.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bece0c5684
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/api_get_time_response_timezone.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+esphome:
+  name: get-time-tz-test
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+
+time:
+  - platform: homeassistant
+    id: ha_time
+
+sensor:
+  # Exposes the standard offset of the effective timezone so the test can
+  # observe which GetTimeResponse messages changed it
+  - platform: template
+    name: "TZ Offset"
+    id: tz_offset
+    accuracy_decimals: 0
+    update_interval: 100ms
+    lambda: |-
+      return time::get_global_tz().std_offset_seconds;
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/api_homeassistant_binary_sensor_initial_state.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/api_homeassistant_binary_sensor_initial_state.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0e47a7f1fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/api_homeassistant_binary_sensor_initial_state.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+esphome:
+  name: ha-bs-initial
+
+host:
+
+api:
+
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG
+
+binary_sensor:
+  # trigger_on_initial_state: true must fire on_press for the first state from HA
+  - platform: homeassistant
+    name: Initial On
+    entity_id: binary_sensor.initial_on
+    trigger_on_initial_state: true
+    on_press:
+      - logger.log: "initial_on on_press"
+    on_release:
+      - logger.log: "initial_on on_release"
+
+  # Default (false) must not fire on the first state, only on later changes
+  - platform: homeassistant
+    name: Default
+    entity_id: binary_sensor.default
+    on_press:
+      - logger.log: "default on_press"
+    on_release:
+      - logger.log: "default on_release"
+
+  # Real HA startup shape: 'unavailable' arrives before the first real state
+  - platform: homeassistant
+    name: Unavailable First
+    entity_id: binary_sensor.unavailable_first
+    trigger_on_initial_state: true
+    on_press:
+      - logger.log: "unavailable_first on_press"
+    on_release:
+      - logger.log: "unavailable_first on_release"
+
+  # Initial 'off' must fire on_release when trigger_on_initial_state is set
+  - platform: homeassistant
+    name: Initial Off
+    entity_id: binary_sensor.initial_off
+    trigger_on_initial_state: true
+    on_press:
+      - logger.log: "initial_off on_press"
+    on_release:
+      - logger.log: "initial_off on_release"
+
+  # Same 'unavailable' first shape without the flag; must stay quiet on the
+  # first real state and only fire on the later change
+  - platform: homeassistant
+    name: Default Unavailable First
+    entity_id: binary_sensor.default_unavail
+    on_press:
+      - logger.log: "default_unavail on_press"
+    on_release:
+      - logger.log: "default_unavail on_release"
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/api_list_entities_backpressure.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/api_list_entities_backpressure.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1e53af7b75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/api_list_entities_backpressure.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+esphome:
+  name: api-backpressure-test
+
+host:
+
+api:
+  # Smallest queue so a non-draining client blocks the send path quickly
+  max_send_queue: 1
+  actions:
+# GENERATED_ACTIONS
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+    components: [sndbuf_pin_component]
+
+# Pins the device's socket send buffers for deterministic TCP backpressure
+sndbuf_pin_component:
+  buffer_size: SERVER_SNDBUF
+
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/camera_mock.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/camera_mock.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fa354d341f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/camera_mock.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+esphome:
+  name: camera-mock-test
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+
+mock_camera:
+  name: Mock Camera
+  # Larger than MAX_BATCH_PACKET_SIZE (1390) so the image is split across
+  # multiple CameraImageResponse chunks and the client must reassemble.
+  # Must match IMAGE_SIZE in test_camera_mock.py.
+  image_size: 4096
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/mock_camera/__init__.py b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/mock_camera/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..57aaf07ab9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/mock_camera/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.core.entity_helpers import setup_entity
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/tests"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["camera"]
+
+CONF_IMAGE_SIZE = "image_size"
+
+mock_camera_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("mock_camera")
+MockCamera = mock_camera_ns.class_("MockCamera", cg.Component, cg.EntityBase)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.ENTITY_BASE_SCHEMA.extend(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(MockCamera),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_IMAGE_SIZE, default=1024): cv.positive_not_null_int,
+    }
+).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    cg.add_define("USE_CAMERA")
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await setup_entity(var, config, "camera")
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    cg.add(var.set_image_size(config[CONF_IMAGE_SIZE]))
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/mock_camera/mock_camera.cpp b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/mock_camera/mock_camera.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..64ed6bfe5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/mock_camera/mock_camera.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include "mock_camera.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::mock_camera {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "mock_camera";
+
+void MockCamera::loop() {
+  uint8_t requesters = this->single_requesters_ | this->stream_requesters_;
+  if (requesters == 0)
+    return;
+  uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+  if (now - this->last_frame_ms_ < FRAME_INTERVAL_MS)
+    return;
+  this->last_frame_ms_ = now;
+  this->single_requesters_ = 0;
+
+  auto image = std::make_shared<MockCameraImage>(this->image_size_, this->frame_counter_, requesters);
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Producing frame %u (%u bytes, requesters 0x%02X)", this->frame_counter_, this->image_size_,
+           requesters);
+  this->frame_counter_++;
+  for (auto *listener : this->listeners_) {
+    listener->on_camera_image(image);
+  }
+}
+
+void MockCamera::dump_config() { ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Mock Camera (%u byte frames)", this->image_size_); }
+
+}  // namespace esphome::mock_camera
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/mock_camera/mock_camera.h b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/mock_camera/mock_camera.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bcf40bba67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/mock_camera/mock_camera.h
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/components/camera/camera.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace esphome::mock_camera {
+
+/** Deterministic in-memory camera image.
+ *  Byte i of frame N is (N + i) & 0xFF so tests can validate
+ *  reassembled data from just the first byte.
+ */
+class MockCameraImage : public camera::CameraImage {
+ public:
+  MockCameraImage(size_t size, uint8_t frame_counter, uint8_t requesters)
+      : data_(new uint8_t[size]), size_(size), requesters_(requesters) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+      this->data_[i] = static_cast<uint8_t>(frame_counter + i);
+    }
+  }
+  uint8_t *get_data_buffer() override { return this->data_.get(); }
+  size_t get_data_length() override { return this->size_; }
+  bool was_requested_by(camera::CameraRequester requester) const override {
+    return (this->requesters_ & (1 << requester)) != 0;
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> data_;
+  size_t size_;
+  uint8_t requesters_;
+};
+
+class MockCameraImageReader : public camera::CameraImageReader {
+ public:
+  void set_image(std::shared_ptr<camera::CameraImage> image) override {
+    this->image_ = std::move(image);
+    this->offset_ = 0;
+  }
+  size_t available() const override { return this->image_ ? this->image_->get_data_length() - this->offset_ : 0; }
+  uint8_t *peek_data_buffer() override { return this->image_->get_data_buffer() + this->offset_; }
+  void consume_data(size_t consumed) override { this->offset_ += consumed; }
+  void return_image() override {
+    this->image_.reset();
+    this->offset_ = 0;
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  std::shared_ptr<camera::CameraImage> image_;
+  size_t offset_{0};
+};
+
+/** Virtual camera producing deterministic frames on request or stream. */
+class MockCamera : public camera::Camera {
+ public:
+  void loop() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+
+  void add_listener(camera::CameraListener *listener) override { this->listeners_.push_back(listener); }
+  camera::CameraImageReader *create_image_reader() override { return new MockCameraImageReader(); }
+  void request_image(camera::CameraRequester requester) override { this->single_requesters_ |= (1 << requester); }
+  void start_stream(camera::CameraRequester requester) override { this->stream_requesters_ |= (1 << requester); }
+  void stop_stream(camera::CameraRequester requester) override { this->stream_requesters_ &= ~(1 << requester); }
+
+  void set_image_size(uint32_t size) { this->image_size_ = size; }
+
+ protected:
+  static constexpr uint32_t FRAME_INTERVAL_MS = 50;
+
+  // Members ordered largest to smallest to minimize padding
+  std::vector<camera::CameraListener *> listeners_;
+  uint32_t image_size_{1024};
+  uint32_t last_frame_ms_{0};
+  uint8_t frame_counter_{0};
+  uint8_t single_requesters_{0};
+  uint8_t stream_requesters_{0};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::mock_camera
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/sndbuf_pin_component/__init__.py b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/sndbuf_pin_component/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..06dda5d1ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/sndbuf_pin_component/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_BUFFER_SIZE, CONF_ID
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["api"]
+
+sndbuf_pin_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("sndbuf_pin")
+SndbufPinComponent = sndbuf_pin_ns.class_("SndbufPinComponent", cg.Component)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(SndbufPinComponent),
+        cv.Required(CONF_BUFFER_SIZE): cv.int_range(min=1),
+    }
+).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], config[CONF_BUFFER_SIZE])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/sndbuf_pin_component/sndbuf_pin_component.cpp b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/sndbuf_pin_component/sndbuf_pin_component.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..430c5075c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/sndbuf_pin_component/sndbuf_pin_component.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#include "sndbuf_pin_component.h"
+
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <cerrno>
+
+#include "esphome/components/api/api_server.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::sndbuf_pin {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "sndbuf_pin";
+
+// Skip stdio; scan the low fd range where the listeners land
+static constexpr int FIRST_USER_FD = 3;
+static constexpr int MAX_FD_SCAN = 128;
+
+void SndbufPinComponent::setup() {
+  int pinned = 0;
+  for (int fd = FIRST_USER_FD; fd < MAX_FD_SCAN; fd++) {
+    int type = 0;
+    socklen_t len = sizeof(type);
+    if (::getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TYPE, &type, &len) != 0 || type != SOCK_STREAM)
+      continue;
+    struct sockaddr_in addr {};
+    socklen_t addr_len = sizeof(addr);
+    if (::getsockname(fd, reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr *>(&addr), &addr_len) != 0) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "fd %d: getsockname failed, errno %d", fd, errno);
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (ntohs(addr.sin_port) != api::global_api_server->get_port())
+      continue;
+    if (::setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &this->buffer_size_, sizeof(this->buffer_size_)) != 0) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "fd %d: SO_SNDBUF pin failed, errno %d", fd, errno);
+      continue;
+    }
+    int applied = 0;
+    len = sizeof(applied);
+    if (::getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &applied, &len) != 0 || applied < this->buffer_size_) {
+      // Linux doubles the requested value; anything below it means clamped
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "fd %d: SO_SNDBUF readback %d below requested %d", fd, applied, this->buffer_size_);
+      continue;
+    }
+    // Tests assert on this line; accepted sockets inherit the pinned size
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "fd %d port %d: SO_SNDBUF pinned to %d (effective %d)", fd, ntohs(addr.sin_port), this->buffer_size_,
+             applied);
+    pinned++;
+  }
+  if (pinned == 0) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "api listener socket was not pinned");
+    this->mark_failed();
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::sndbuf_pin
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/sndbuf_pin_component/sndbuf_pin_component.h b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/sndbuf_pin_component/sndbuf_pin_component.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b0af226d14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/sndbuf_pin_component/sndbuf_pin_component.h
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+
+namespace esphome::sndbuf_pin {
+
+// Test-only (host): pins SO_SNDBUF on every open TCP socket so integration
+// tests get deterministic backpressure; an explicit SO_SNDBUF also disables
+// kernel autotuning, and accepted sockets inherit it from the listener.
+class SndbufPinComponent : public Component {
+ public:
+  explicit SndbufPinComponent(int buffer_size) : buffer_size_(buffer_size) {}
+  void setup() override;
+  // After the api server so its listening socket exists
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::LATE; }
+
+ protected:
+  int buffer_size_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::sndbuf_pin
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/wifi/__init__.py b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/wifi/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..109d56b035
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/wifi/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+"""Host-only stub of the wifi component for integration tests.
+
+HOST-ONLY TEST COMPONENT: this shadows the real wifi component for EVERY
+fixture that uses the shared external_components directory. Any host fixture
+with a wifi block gets this stub, not the real component: fixed scan results,
+is_connected() hardwired true, and save_wifi_sta that only logs. See
+wifi_component.h for the full behavior.
+"""
+
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_PASSWORD, CONF_SSID, CONF_USE_ADDRESS
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/tests"]
+
+wifi_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("wifi")
+WiFiComponent = wifi_ns.class_("WiFiComponent", cg.Component)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(WiFiComponent),
+        # Accepted for fixture realism; the stub ignores them
+        cv.Optional(CONF_SSID): cv.string,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_PASSWORD): cv.string,
+        # Read by StorageJSON via CORE.address whenever a wifi block exists
+        cv.Optional(CONF_USE_ADDRESS, default="localhost"): cv.string,
+    }
+).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+
+
+def check_placeholder_credentials(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    """Compile-time hook the esphome CLI imports from the wifi module; no-op here."""
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    cg.add_define("USE_WIFI")
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/wifi/scan_list.h b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/wifi/scan_list.h
new file mode 120000
index 0000000000..fdef6e0be1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/wifi/scan_list.h
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../../../../esphome/components/wifi/scan_list.h
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b29b1a2bd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#include "wifi_component.h"
+
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::wifi {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "wifi_stub";
+
+WiFiComponent *global_wifi_component = nullptr;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+
+WiFiComponent::WiFiComponent() { global_wifi_component = this; }
+
+void WiFiComponent::setup() { ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Stub wifi ready"); }
+
+void WiFiComponent::dump_config() { ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Stub wifi"); }
+
+void WiFiComponent::start_scanning() {
+  // Duplicate TestNet entry (weaker) and a hidden entry exercise the
+  // should_show_scan_entry dedup and filtering logic
+  this->scan_result_.clear();
+  this->scan_result_.emplace_back("TestNet", -50, true, false);
+  this->scan_result_.emplace_back("TestNet", -60, true, false);
+  this->scan_result_.emplace_back("OpenNet", -70, false, false);
+  this->scan_result_.emplace_back("", -40, false, true);
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Scan complete with %zu results", this->scan_result_.size());
+}
+
+void WiFiComponent::set_sta(const WiFiAP &ap) { ESP_LOGI(TAG, "set_sta ssid=%s", ap.get_ssid().c_str()); }
+
+void WiFiComponent::start_connecting(const WiFiAP &ap) {
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "start_connecting ssid=%s", ap.get_ssid().c_str());
+  // Connecting succeeds immediately, so the requested network is the connected one
+  this->connected_ssid_ = ap.get_ssid().c_str();
+}
+
+void WiFiComponent::clear_sta() { ESP_LOGI(TAG, "clear_sta"); }
+
+void WiFiComponent::save_wifi_sta(StringRef ssid, StringRef password) {
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "save_wifi_sta ssid=%s password_len=%zu", ssid.c_str(), password.size());
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::wifi
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/wifi/wifi_component.h b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/wifi/wifi_component.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6fe6e84e9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/wifi/wifi_component.h
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+#pragma once
+
+// ============================================================================
+// HOST-ONLY TEST COMPONENT — DO NOT COPY TO PRODUCTION CODE
+//
+// Stub of the real wifi component with just enough API surface for
+// improv_serial to build and run on the host platform. Scan results are
+// fixed, "connecting" succeeds immediately, and save_wifi_sta only logs so
+// tests can assert on the log output.
+// ============================================================================
+
+#include "esphome/components/network/ip_address.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/string_ref.h"
+
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <span>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace esphome::wifi {
+
+static constexpr size_t SSID_BUFFER_SIZE = 33;
+
+class WiFiAP {
+ public:
+  void set_ssid(const char *ssid) { this->ssid_ = ssid; }
+  void set_password(const char *password) { this->password_ = password; }
+  StringRef get_ssid() const { return StringRef(this->ssid_); }
+  StringRef get_password() const { return StringRef(this->password_); }
+
+ protected:
+  std::string ssid_;
+  std::string password_;
+};
+
+class WiFiScanResult {
+ public:
+  WiFiScanResult(const char *ssid, int8_t rssi, bool with_auth, bool hidden)
+      : ssid_(ssid), rssi_(rssi), with_auth_(with_auth), hidden_(hidden) {}
+  StringRef get_ssid() const { return StringRef(this->ssid_); }
+  int8_t get_rssi() const { return this->rssi_; }
+  bool get_with_auth() const { return this->with_auth_; }
+  bool get_is_hidden() const { return this->hidden_; }
+  bool ssid_equals(const WiFiScanResult &other) const { return this->ssid_ == other.ssid_; }
+
+ protected:
+  std::string ssid_;
+  int8_t rssi_;
+  bool with_auth_;
+  bool hidden_;
+};
+
+class WiFiComponent : public Component {
+ public:
+  WiFiComponent();
+  void setup() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::WIFI; }
+
+  bool has_sta() const { return false; }
+  bool is_disabled() const { return false; }
+  // Always connected so network::is_connected() keeps the API server accepting clients
+  bool is_connected() const { return true; }
+  // Reports the network start_connecting() was last asked for, so a consumer checking that it
+  // joined the network it requested (rather than an earlier one) sees the connect succeed
+  const char *wifi_ssid_to(std::span<char, SSID_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer) {
+    snprintf(buffer.data(), buffer.size(), "%s", this->connected_ssid_.c_str());
+    return buffer.data();
+  }
+  void start_scanning();
+  const std::vector<WiFiScanResult> &get_scan_result() const { return this->scan_result_; }
+  void set_sta(const WiFiAP &ap);
+  void start_connecting(const WiFiAP &ap);
+  void clear_sta();
+  void save_wifi_sta(StringRef ssid, StringRef password);
+  // Called by network::util on any USE_WIFI build
+  const char *get_use_address() const { return "localhost"; }
+  network::IPAddresses get_ip_addresses() { return {}; }
+
+ protected:
+  std::vector<WiFiScanResult> scan_result_;
+  std::string connected_ssid_;
+};
+
+extern WiFiComponent *global_wifi_component;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+
+}  // namespace esphome::wifi
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/fnv1_hash_object_id.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/fnv1_hash_object_id.yaml
index d4511bb8c6..2097b2fbf9 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/fnv1_hash_object_id.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/fnv1_hash_object_id.yaml
@@ -71,38 +71,6 @@ esphome:
           ESP_LOGE("FNV1_OID", "empty FAILED: 0x%08x != 0x811c9dc5", hash_empty);
         }
 
-        // Raw name hash: matches Python fnv1_hash_name("My Sensor Name")
-        uint32_t hash_raw = esphome::fnv1_hash_bytes("My Sensor Name", 14);
-        if (hash_raw == 0x8cec6fb0) {
-          ESP_LOGI("FNV1_OID", "raw PASSED");
-        } else {
-          ESP_LOGE("FNV1_OID", "raw FAILED: 0x%08x != 0x8cec6fb0", hash_raw);
-        }
-
-        // Raw name hash over UTF-8 bytes: matches Python fnv1_hash_name("Température")
-        uint32_t hash_raw_utf8 = esphome::fnv1_hash_bytes("Temp\xc3\xa9rature", 12);
-        if (hash_raw_utf8 == 0x531a74aa) {
-          ESP_LOGI("FNV1_OID", "raw_utf8 PASSED");
-        } else {
-          ESP_LOGE("FNV1_OID", "raw_utf8 FAILED: 0x%08x != 0x531a74aa", hash_raw_utf8);
-        }
-
-        // Old-key UTF-8 variant: matches Python fnv1_hash_object_id("Température")
-        uint32_t hash_old_utf8 = esphome::fnv1_hash_object_id("Temp\xc3\xa9rature", 12, true);
-        if (hash_old_utf8 == 0x965698f3) {
-          ESP_LOGI("FNV1_OID", "old_utf8 PASSED");
-        } else {
-          ESP_LOGE("FNV1_OID", "old_utf8 FAILED: 0x%08x != 0x965698f3", hash_old_utf8);
-        }
-
-        // Old-key UTF-8 variant with multi-byte only name: Python fnv1_hash_object_id("温度")
-        uint32_t hash_old_cjk = esphome::fnv1_hash_object_id("\xe6\xb8\xa9\xe5\xba\xa6", 6, true);
-        if (hash_old_cjk == 0x3276cb9f) {
-          ESP_LOGI("FNV1_OID", "old_cjk PASSED");
-        } else {
-          ESP_LOGE("FNV1_OID", "old_cjk FAILED: 0x%08x != 0x3276cb9f", hash_old_cjk);
-        }
-
 host:
 api:
 logger:
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/host_ota_encrypted.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/host_ota_encrypted.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0d11c99d3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/host_ota_encrypted.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+esphome:
+  name: host-ota-test
+host:
+api:
+ota:
+  - platform: esphome
+    port: __OTA_PORT__
+    encryption:
+      key: "AAECAwQFBgcICQoLDA0ODxAREhMUFRYXGBkaGxwdHh8="
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/host_preferences_suspend_resume.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/host_preferences_suspend_resume.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b32b9a1571
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/host_preferences_suspend_resume.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test_suspend_resume_device
+
+host:
+
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG
+
+api:
+
+preferences:
+  id: prefs_syncer
+  flash_write_interval: 1s
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Save Preference"
+    on_press:
+      - lambda: |-
+          // save() only updates the in-memory map; only sync() persists it to disk.
+          ESPPreferenceObject pref = global_preferences->make_preference<uint32_t>(0xBEEF);
+          uint32_t value = 123;
+          if (pref.save(&value)) {
+            ESP_LOGI("test", "Preference saved in memory");
+          } else {
+            ESP_LOGE("test", "Preference save failed");
+          }
+
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Suspend Syncer"
+    on_press:
+      - component.suspend: prefs_syncer
+      - lambda: |-
+          ESP_LOGI("test", "Syncer suspended");
+
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Resume Syncer"
+    on_press:
+      - component.resume: prefs_syncer
+      - lambda: |-
+          ESP_LOGI("test", "Syncer resumed");
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/improv_serial_uart.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/improv_serial_uart.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..daa41c6a95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/improv_serial_uart.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+esphome:
+  # Short name keeps the device info payload under uart_mock's 64 byte log cap
+  name: improv-uart
+
+host:
+api:
+  actions:
+    - action: uart_inject
+      variables:
+        payload: int[]
+      then:
+        - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+            id: mock_uart
+            data: !lambda return std::vector<uint8_t>(payload.begin(), payload.end());
+
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+
+# Host-only stub shadowing the real wifi component (see external_components/wifi)
+wifi:
+  ssid: TestNet
+  password: password1
+
+# Dummy uart entry so the uart component sources are part of the build; the
+# actual bus used by improv_serial is the uart_mock component below
+uart:
+  baud_rate: 115200
+  port: /dev/null
+
+uart_mock:
+  id: mock_uart
+  baud_rate: 115200
+
+improv_serial:
+  uart_id: mock_uart
+  # Deterministic on host: only the device name placeholder is used
+  next_url: https://example.com/?device={{device_name}}
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/multi_device_preferences.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/multi_device_preferences.yaml
index 582add90a8..01e4394559 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/multi_device_preferences.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/multi_device_preferences.yaml
@@ -156,17 +156,10 @@ button:
           ESP_LOGI("test", "Device A Mode: %s", id(mode_device_a).current_option().c_str());
           ESP_LOGI("test", "Device B Mode: %s", id(mode_device_b).current_option().c_str());
           ESP_LOGI("test", "Main Mode: %s", id(mode_main).current_option().c_str());
-          // Log preference key bases for entities that actually store preferences.
-          // This is the key base make_entity_preference() uses: entity key XOR device id.
-          ESP_LOGI("test", "Device A Switch Pref Hash: %u",
-                   id(light_device_a).get_entity_key() ^ id(light_device_a).get_device_id_or_zero());
-          ESP_LOGI("test", "Device B Switch Pref Hash: %u",
-                   id(light_device_b).get_entity_key() ^ id(light_device_b).get_device_id_or_zero());
-          ESP_LOGI("test", "Main Switch Pref Hash: %u",
-                   id(light_main).get_entity_key() ^ id(light_main).get_device_id_or_zero());
-          ESP_LOGI("test", "Device A Number Pref Hash: %u",
-                   id(setpoint_device_a).get_entity_key() ^ id(setpoint_device_a).get_device_id_or_zero());
-          ESP_LOGI("test", "Device B Number Pref Hash: %u",
-                   id(setpoint_device_b).get_entity_key() ^ id(setpoint_device_b).get_device_id_or_zero());
-          ESP_LOGI("test", "Main Number Pref Hash: %u",
-                   id(setpoint_main).get_entity_key() ^ id(setpoint_main).get_device_id_or_zero());
+          // Log preference hashes for entities that actually store preferences
+          ESP_LOGI("test", "Device A Switch Pref Hash: %u", id(light_device_a).get_preference_hash());
+          ESP_LOGI("test", "Device B Switch Pref Hash: %u", id(light_device_b).get_preference_hash());
+          ESP_LOGI("test", "Main Switch Pref Hash: %u", id(light_main).get_preference_hash());
+          ESP_LOGI("test", "Device A Number Pref Hash: %u", id(setpoint_device_a).get_preference_hash());
+          ESP_LOGI("test", "Device B Number Pref Hash: %u", id(setpoint_device_b).get_preference_hash());
+          ESP_LOGI("test", "Main Number Pref Hash: %u", id(setpoint_main).get_preference_hash());
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/online_image_auto_detects_image_bmp_mime.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/online_image_auto_detects_image_bmp_mime.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..95e42b6755
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/online_image_auto_detects_image_bmp_mime.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+esphome:
+  name: online-image-bmp
+
+host:
+
+http_request:
+
+display:
+
+image:
+  - platform: online_image
+    url: http://127.0.0.1:HTTP_PORT/foo.bmp
+    format: AUTO
+    id: myimg
+    type: RGB
+    on_download_finished:
+      logger.log:
+        format: "download finished. cache hit: %u"
+        args: [cached]
+
+api:
+  actions:
+    - action: fetch_image
+      then:
+        - component.update: myimg
+
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/online_image_auto_detects_redirected_image_bmp_mime.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/online_image_auto_detects_redirected_image_bmp_mime.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..837be776f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/online_image_auto_detects_redirected_image_bmp_mime.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+esphome:
+  name: online-image-bmp
+
+host:
+
+http_request:
+
+display:
+
+image:
+  - platform: online_image
+    url: http://127.0.0.1:HTTP_PORT/foo.bmp
+    id: myimg
+    format: AUTO
+    type: RGB
+    on_download_finished:
+      logger.log:
+        format: "download finished. cache hit: %u"
+        args: [cached]
+
+api:
+  actions:
+    - action: fetch_image
+      then:
+        - component.update: myimg
+
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/online_image_bmp.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/online_image_bmp.yaml
index e36514e9ae..2cd0658b56 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/online_image_bmp.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/online_image_bmp.yaml
@@ -7,8 +7,9 @@ http_request:
 
 display:
 
-online_image:
-  - url: http://127.0.0.1:HTTP_PORT/foo.bmp
+image:
+  - platform: online_image
+    url: http://127.0.0.1:HTTP_PORT/foo.bmp
     id: myimg
     format: BMP
     type: RGB
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/preference_key_migration.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/preference_key_stability.yaml
similarity index 94%
rename from tests/integration/fixtures/preference_key_migration.yaml
rename to tests/integration/fixtures/preference_key_stability.yaml
index a9b01fc2d2..a74bb2c7f7 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/preference_key_migration.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/preference_key_stability.yaml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 esphome:
-  name: host-pref-key-migration
+  name: host-pref-key-stability
 
 host:
 api:
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/sensor_filters_delta.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/sensor_filters_delta.yaml
index 2494a430da..b01c8e452b 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/sensor_filters_delta.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/sensor_filters_delta.yaml
@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@ sensor:
     id: source_sensor_5
     accuracy_decimals: 1
 
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Source Sensor 6"
+    id: source_sensor_6
+    accuracy_decimals: 1
+
   - platform: copy
     source_id: source_sensor_1
     name: "Filter Min"
@@ -81,6 +86,13 @@ sensor:
     filters:
       - delta: 50%
 
+  - platform: copy
+    source_id: source_sensor_6
+    name: "Filter NaN"
+    id: filter_nan
+    filters:
+      - delta: 0
+
 script:
   - id: test_filter_min
     then:
@@ -188,6 +200,24 @@ script:
           id: source_sensor_5
           state: 250.0  # Passes (delta=90 > 80)
 
+  - id: test_filter_nan
+    then:
+      - sensor.template.publish:
+          id: source_sensor_6
+          state: 1.0
+      - delay: 20ms
+      - sensor.template.publish:
+          id: source_sensor_6
+          state: !lambda "return NAN;"
+      - delay: 20ms
+      - sensor.template.publish:
+          id: source_sensor_6
+          state: !lambda "return NAN;"  # Filtered out
+      - delay: 20ms
+      - sensor.template.publish:
+          id: source_sensor_6
+          state: 2.0
+
 button:
   - platform: template
     name: "Test Filter Min"
@@ -218,3 +248,9 @@ button:
     id: btn_filter_percentage
     on_press:
       - script.execute: test_filter_percentage
+
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Test Filter NaN"
+    id: btn_filter_nan
+    on_press:
+      - script.execute: test_filter_nan
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_broadcast_write.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_broadcast_write.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8857bf8c96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_broadcast_write.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+esphome:
+  name: uart-mock-modbus-broadcast
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+
+# Dummy uart entry to satisfy modbus's DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+# The actual UART bus used is the uart_mock component below
+uart:
+  baud_rate: 115200
+  port: /dev/null
+
+uart_mock:
+  - id: virtual_uart_server
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    auto_start: true  # controller polls at boot; forwarding must already be active
+    debug:
+    on_tx:
+      - then:
+          - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+              id: virtual_uart_controller
+              data: !lambda return data;
+          - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+              id: virtual_uart_server_2
+              data: !lambda return data;
+  - id: virtual_uart_server_2
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    auto_start: true
+    debug:
+    on_tx:
+      - then:
+          - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+              id: virtual_uart_server
+              data: !lambda return data;
+          - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+              id: virtual_uart_controller
+              data: !lambda return data;
+  - id: virtual_uart_controller
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    auto_start: true
+    debug:
+    on_tx:
+      - then:
+          - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+              id: virtual_uart_server
+              data: !lambda return data;
+          - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+              id: virtual_uart_server_2
+              data: !lambda return data;
+
+modbus:
+  - uart_id: virtual_uart_server
+    id: virtual_modbus_server
+    role: server
+  - uart_id: virtual_uart_server_2
+    id: virtual_modbus_server_2
+    role: server
+  - uart_id: virtual_uart_controller
+    id: virtual_modbus_client
+    role: client
+    turnaround_time: 10ms
+
+globals:
+  - id: srv1_reg
+    type: int
+    initial_value: "0"
+  - id: srv2_reg
+    type: int
+    initial_value: "0"
+
+modbus_controller:
+  - address: 1
+    modbus_id: virtual_modbus_client
+    # Polling is off until the test has subscribed; the Start Scenario button starts it, so the
+    # first poll is never lost to a boot-time race ahead of the API subscription.
+    update_interval: never
+    id: modbus_controller_1
+
+modbus_server:
+  - address: 1
+    modbus_id: virtual_modbus_server
+    registers:
+      - address: 0x01
+        value_type: U_WORD
+        read_lambda: return 919;
+      - address: 0x10
+        value_type: U_WORD
+        read_lambda: return id(srv1_reg);
+        write_lambda: |-
+          id(srv1_reg) = x;
+          return true;
+  - address: 2
+    modbus_id: virtual_modbus_server_2
+    registers:
+      - address: 0x10
+        value_type: U_WORD
+        read_lambda: return id(srv2_reg);
+        write_lambda: |-
+          id(srv2_reg) = x;
+          return true;
+
+sensor:
+  # Normal polling continues before and after the broadcast: the old behavior burned a
+  # timeout per broadcast, which surfaces as modbus warnings and failed expectations here.
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "reg_u_word"
+    address: 0x01
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD
+    # Republish every poll (the value is constant 919): the test observes successive publishes to
+    # prove polling continues before and after the broadcast, which dedup would otherwise hide.
+    force_update: true
+  # The servers' written values, published locally.
+  - platform: template
+    name: "srv1_written"
+    lambda: return id(srv1_reg);
+    update_interval: 0.2s
+  - platform: template
+    name: "srv2_written"
+    lambda: return id(srv2_reg);
+    update_interval: 0.2s
+  # Whether the hub accepted the broadcast into the transmit queue (the bool queue_pdu() returns).
+  - platform: template
+    name: "broadcast_accepted"
+    id: broadcast_accepted
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Start Scenario"
+    id: start_scenario_btn
+    on_press:
+      - lambda: |-
+          // Start polling now that the test has subscribed.
+          id(modbus_controller_1).set_update_interval(1000);
+          id(modbus_controller_1).start_poller();
+          // Broadcast (address 0) write single register: reg 0x10 = 777 on every server.
+          // PDU is function code + data (no address/CRC); the hub prepends address 0 and appends CRC.
+          const uint8_t pdu[] = {0x06, 0x00, 0x10, 0x03, 0x09};
+          // queue_pdu() returns whether the broadcast was accepted into the machine (the answer this PR
+          // makes meaningful); publish it so the test asserts the accept, not just the servers' writes.
+          bool accepted = id(virtual_modbus_client)->queue_pdu(0x00, pdu);
+          id(broadcast_accepted).publish_state(accepted ? 1.0f : 0.0f);
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_client_read_write.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_client_read_write.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1f89889c95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_client_read_write.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+esphome:
+  name: uart-mock-modbus-cli-rw
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+
+# Dummy uart entry to satisfy modbus's DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+# The actual UART bus used is the uart_mock component below
+uart:
+  baud_rate: 115200
+  port: /dev/null
+
+# Two virtual buses looped back to each other: the client's transmissions reach the server and the
+# server's replies reach the client. auto_start so forwarding is active before the button fires.
+uart_mock:
+  - id: virtual_uart_server
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    auto_start: true
+    debug:
+    on_tx:
+      - then:
+          - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+              id: virtual_uart_client
+              data: !lambda return data;
+  - id: virtual_uart_client
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    auto_start: true
+    debug:
+    on_tx:
+      - then:
+          - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+              id: virtual_uart_server
+              data: !lambda return data;
+
+globals:
+  - id: stored_1
+    type: uint16_t
+    initial_value: "0"
+
+modbus:
+  - uart_id: virtual_uart_server
+    id: virtual_modbus_server
+    role: server
+  - uart_id: virtual_uart_client
+    id: virtual_modbus_client
+    role: client
+    turnaround_time: 10ms
+
+modbus_server:
+  - address: 1
+    modbus_id: virtual_modbus_server
+    registers:
+      # Writable + readable register: the read publishes what it returns, so the test can confirm the
+      # write half of the 0x17 ran before the read half (Modbus 6.17).
+      - address: 0x01
+        value_type: U_WORD
+        read_lambda: |-
+          id(srv_read_1).publish_state(id(stored_1));
+          return id(stored_1);
+        write_lambda: |-
+          id(stored_1) = x;
+          id(srv_write_1).publish_state(x);
+          return true;
+      # Read-only register, returned together with 0x01 by the 2-register read half.
+      - address: 0x02
+        value_type: U_WORD
+        read_lambda: return 0x00AA;
+
+sensor:
+  # Server-side observations.
+  - platform: template
+    name: "srv_write_1"
+    id: srv_write_1
+  - platform: template
+    name: "srv_read_1"
+    id: srv_read_1
+  # Client-side read-back: the values the client's on_response received.
+  - platform: template
+    name: "client_read_0"
+    id: client_read_0
+  - platform: template
+    name: "client_read_1"
+    id: client_read_1
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Start Scenario"
+    id: start_scenario_btn
+    on_press:
+      # FC 0x17: write reg 0x0001 = 0x1234, then read regs 0x0001..0x0002 back in the same transaction.
+      - modbus_client.read_write_multiple_registers:
+          address: 0x01
+          read_address: 0x0001
+          read_count: 2
+          write_address: 0x0001
+          values: [0x1234]
+          on_response:
+            then:
+              - lambda: |-
+                  // values is the read-back block: reg 0x0001 (must be the just-written 0x1234) and reg 0x0002.
+                  if (values.size() >= 2) {
+                    id(client_read_0).publish_state(values[0]);
+                    id(client_read_1).publish_state(values[1]);
+                  }
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_client_typed.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_client_typed.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e445093625
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_client_typed.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+esphome:
+  name: uart-mock-modbus-client-typed
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+
+# Dummy uart entry to satisfy modbus's DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+# The actual UART bus used is the uart_mock component below
+uart:
+  baud_rate: 115200
+  port: /dev/null
+
+uart_mock:
+  - id: virtual_uart_server
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    auto_start: true
+    debug:
+    on_tx:
+      - then:
+          - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+              id: virtual_uart_client
+              data: !lambda return data;
+  - id: virtual_uart_client
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    auto_start: true
+    debug:
+    on_tx:
+      - then:
+          - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+              id: virtual_uart_server
+              data: !lambda return data;
+
+modbus:
+  - uart_id: virtual_uart_server
+    id: virtual_modbus_server
+    role: server
+  - uart_id: virtual_uart_client
+    id: virtual_modbus_client
+    role: client
+    turnaround_time: 10ms
+
+globals:
+  - id: reg10
+    type: uint16_t
+    initial_value: "0"
+  - id: reg11
+    type: uint16_t
+    initial_value: "0"
+  - id: reg12
+    type: uint16_t
+    initial_value: "0"
+
+modbus_server:
+  - address: 1
+    modbus_id: virtual_modbus_server
+    id: modbus_server_1
+    registers:
+      - address: 0x10
+        value_type: U_WORD
+        read_lambda: return id(reg10);
+        write_lambda: |-
+          id(reg10) = x;
+          return true;
+      - address: 0x11
+        value_type: U_WORD
+        read_lambda: return id(reg11);
+        write_lambda: |-
+          id(reg11) = x;
+          return true;
+      - address: 0x12
+        value_type: U_WORD
+        read_lambda: return id(reg12);
+        write_lambda: |-
+          id(reg12) = x;
+          return true;
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "typed_value"
+    id: typed_value
+  - platform: template
+    name: "ack_flag"
+    id: ack_flag
+  - platform: template
+    name: "error_code"
+    id: error_code
+  - platform: template
+    name: "coil_error_code"
+    id: coil_error_code
+  - platform: template
+    name: "multi_value"
+    id: multi_value
+  - platform: template
+    name: "multi_coil_error"
+    id: multi_coil_error
+  - platform: template
+    name: "not_sent_flag"
+    id: not_sent_flag
+
+# Typed actions end to end: a typed write lands on the server (ack -> ack_flag), the typed read-back
+# decodes the written value from the reply words (values[0] -> typed_value), and a read of an unserved
+# register resolves via on_error with the device's exception code (-> error_code).
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Start Scenario"
+    id: start_scenario_btn
+    on_press:
+      - modbus_client.write_single_register:
+          address: 1
+          start_address: 0x10
+          value: 777
+          on_response:
+            then:
+              - lambda: "id(ack_flag).publish_state(1);"
+      - modbus_client.read_holding_registers:
+          address: 1
+          start_address: 0x10
+          on_response:
+            then:
+              - lambda: |-
+                  if (!values.empty())
+                    id(typed_value).publish_state(values[0]);
+      - modbus_client.read_holding_registers:
+          address: 1
+          start_address: 0x99
+          on_error:
+            then:
+              - lambda: "id(error_code).publish_state((int) exception_code);"
+      # The mock server maps no bits, so it does not implement the coil function: a coil read draws
+      # ILLEGAL_FUNCTION - proving the bit-read action's request PDU and its typed error delivery.
+      - modbus_client.read_coils:
+          address: 1
+          start_address: 0x00
+          count: 8
+          on_error:
+            then:
+              - lambda: "id(coil_error_code).publish_state((int) exception_code);"
+      # Multi-register write (fc 0x10, served) then read-back of the second written register.
+      - modbus_client.write_multiple_registers:
+          address: 1
+          start_address: 0x11
+          values: [111, 222]
+          on_response:
+            then:
+              - modbus_client.read_holding_registers:
+                  address: 1
+                  start_address: 0x12
+                  on_response:
+                    then:
+                      - lambda: |-
+                          if (!values.empty())
+                            id(multi_value).publish_state(values[0]);
+      # A count lambda can go out of spec at runtime: the builder rejects it into an empty PDU, the hub
+      # refuses that at the door, and the send resolves via on_not_sent (no reply will ever come).
+      - modbus_client.read_holding_registers:
+          address: 1
+          start_address: 0x10
+          count: !lambda "return 0;"
+          on_not_sent:
+            then:
+              - lambda: "id(not_sent_flag).publish_state(1);"
+      # Multi-coil write (fc 0x0F): the server maps no bits, so it answers ILLEGAL_FUNCTION.
+      - modbus_client.write_multiple_coils:
+          address: 1
+          start_address: 0x00
+          values: [true, false, true]
+          on_error:
+            then:
+              - lambda: "id(multi_coil_error).publish_state((int) exception_code);"
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_continuous.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_continuous.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..62b0b4c2cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_continuous.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+esphome:
+  name: uart-mock-modbus-continuous
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+
+# When set, the mock server stops forwarding its replies to the controller, so the controller sees
+# timeouts - used by the recovery test to drive a live continuous poll offline and back.
+globals:
+  - id: silence_server
+    type: bool
+    initial_value: "false"
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+
+# Dummy uart entry to satisfy modbus's DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+# The actual UART bus used is the uart_mock component below
+uart:
+  baud_rate: 115200
+  port: /dev/null
+
+uart_mock:
+  - id: virtual_uart_server
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    auto_start: true
+    debug:
+    on_tx:
+      - then:
+          - if:
+              condition:
+                lambda: "return !id(silence_server);"
+              then:
+                - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+                    id: virtual_uart_controller
+                    data: !lambda return data;
+  - id: virtual_uart_controller
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    auto_start: true
+    debug:
+    on_tx:
+      - then:
+          - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+              id: virtual_uart_server
+              data: !lambda return data;
+
+modbus:
+  - uart_id: virtual_uart_server
+    id: virtual_modbus_server
+    role: server
+  - uart_id: virtual_uart_controller
+    id: virtual_modbus_controller
+    role: client
+    turnaround_time: 10ms
+    # Short timeout so the recovery test drives the poll offline quickly; when the server answers,
+    # replies arrive within turnaround_time, so this does not slow the streaming path.
+    send_wait_time: 100ms
+
+modbus_controller:
+  - address: 1
+    modbus_id: virtual_modbus_controller
+    id: modbus_controller_1
+    # A long update_interval means that without continuous polling only the boot poll would run in the
+    # test window. continuous: true re-queues the read after each success, so it streams as fast as the
+    # bus allows.
+    update_interval: 30s
+    continuous: true
+    # One retry so a silenced device trips offline fast (initial send + 1 retry, each 100ms).
+    max_cmd_retries: 1
+
+modbus_server:
+  - address: 1
+    modbus_id: virtual_modbus_server
+    id: modbus_server_1
+    registers:
+      # Each read returns the next counter value, so every poll publishes a distinct state the test can
+      # count (proving the read actually ran, not just that the state changed once).
+      - address: 0x01
+        value_type: U_WORD
+        read_lambda: |-
+          static uint16_t counter = 0;
+          return counter++;
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "continuous_reg"
+    address: 0x01
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Start Scenario"
+    id: start_scenario_btn
+    # Trigger the first poll deterministically. PollingComponent's first update() would otherwise land
+    # somewhere in the 30s update_interval; once this one read completes, continuous re-queuing takes over.
+    on_press:
+      - lambda: "id(modbus_controller_1)->update();"
+
+switch:
+  # Toggles whether the mock server forwards its replies. On = silence (controller sees timeouts);
+  # off = answer again. The recovery test uses it to drive a live continuous poll offline and back.
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Silence Server"
+    id: silence_server_switch
+    optimistic: true
+    turn_on_action:
+      - lambda: "id(silence_server) = true;"
+    turn_off_action:
+      - lambda: "id(silence_server) = false;"
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_custom_command.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_custom_pdu.yaml
similarity index 83%
rename from tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_custom_command.yaml
rename to tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_custom_pdu.yaml
index 738e691110..188abf90f1 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_custom_command.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_custom_pdu.yaml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 esphome:
-  name: uart-mock-modbus-custom-command
+  name: uart-mock-modbus-custom-pdu
 
 host:
 api:
@@ -69,13 +69,14 @@ sensor:
     address: 0x01
     register_type: holding
     value_type: U_WORD
-  # Custom command: a raw frame {device address, function code, address hi, address lo,
-  # count hi, count lo}; the CRC is appended by the hub. Reads holding register 0x0001,
-  # count 1; the lambda parses the response payload (the register value, big-endian).
+  # Custom PDU: read holding register 0x0001, count 1. The PDU is
+  # {function code, address hi, address lo, count hi, count lo}; the device
+  # address and CRC are added by the hub. The lambda parses the response payload
+  # (the register value, big-endian).
   - platform: modbus_controller
     modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
     name: "custom_read"
-    custom_command: [0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01]
+    custom_pdu: [0x03, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01]
     lambda: |-
       if (data.size() < 2) return {};
       return (float) ((data[0] << 8) | data[1]);
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_deprecated_write_buffer.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_deprecated_write_buffer.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f378e3de43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_deprecated_write_buffer.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+esphome:
+  name: uart-mock-modbus-dep-buffer
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+
+# Dummy uart entry to satisfy modbus's DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+# The actual UART bus used is the uart_mock component below
+uart:
+  baud_rate: 115200
+  port: /dev/null
+
+uart_mock:
+  - id: virtual_uart_server
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    auto_start: true
+    debug:
+    on_tx:
+      - then:
+          - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+              id: virtual_uart_controller
+              data: !lambda return data;
+  - id: virtual_uart_controller
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    auto_start: true
+    debug:
+    on_tx:
+      - then:
+          - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+              id: virtual_uart_server
+              data: !lambda return data;
+
+globals:
+  - id: reg10
+    type: uint16_t
+    initial_value: "0"
+
+modbus:
+  - uart_id: virtual_uart_server
+    id: virtual_modbus_server
+    role: server
+  - uart_id: virtual_uart_controller
+    id: virtual_modbus_controller
+    role: client
+    turnaround_time: 10ms
+
+modbus_controller:
+  - address: 1
+    modbus_id: virtual_modbus_controller
+    id: modbus_controller_1
+    update_interval: 1s
+
+modbus_server:
+  - address: 1
+    modbus_id: virtual_modbus_server
+    id: modbus_server_1
+    registers:
+      - address: 0x10
+        value_type: U_WORD
+        read_lambda: return id(reg10);
+        write_lambda: |-
+          id(reg10) = x;
+          return true;
+
+# A number whose write_lambda uses the DEPRECATED buffer parameter (fills `payload` with a legacy raw
+# frame as words: device address + function code + data) instead of the new item->write_* API. The write
+# must still land with its legacy semantics, and the one-time deprecation warning must fire only once per
+# entity no matter how many writes happen.
+number:
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "buf_number"
+    id: buf_number
+    address: 0x10
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD
+    min_value: 0
+    max_value: 1000
+    step: 1
+    write_lambda: |-
+      // Legacy raw frame as words: [addr 0x01 | fc 0x06], register 0x0010, value.
+      payload.push_back(0x0106);
+      payload.push_back(0x0010);
+      payload.push_back((uint16_t) x);
+      return {};
+
+# Reports the server-side register so the test can observe that the deprecated buffer write landed.
+sensor:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "written_value"
+    id: written_value
+    update_interval: 0.5s
+    lambda: "return id(reg10);"
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Start Scenario"
+    id: start_scenario_btn
+    # The test drives the writes via number_command; the mock is autostart.
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_grouping.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_grouping.yaml
index a5394f1d05..2c4c39e7a5 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_grouping.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_grouping.yaml
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ uart_mock:
       # so these also pin the grouping: an extra or differently shaped read fails the test.
       - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x02, 0xBC, 0x0E] # coils 0x10 count 2
         inject_rx: [0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x90, 0x48] # bit0 set, bit1 clear
-      - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x01, 0x60, 0x00, 0x01, 0x85, 0xE8] # holding 0x160 count 1
-        inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x60, 0xB9, 0xFC] # 352
+      - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x01, 0x60, 0x00, 0x02, 0xC5, 0xE9] # holding 0x160 count 2
+        inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x04, 0x01, 0x60, 0x01, 0x61, 0x3B, 0xA9] # 352, 353
       - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x85, 0xF6] # holding 0x100 count 1
         inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x04, 0x01, 0x11, 0x02, 0x22, 0x2A, 0xB3] # 4 bytes: 273 then 546
       - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x01, 0x20, 0x00, 0x04, 0x44, 0x3F] # holding 0x120 count 4
@@ -49,8 +49,6 @@ uart_mock:
         inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x33, 0x33, 0xEC, 0xA1] # 13107
       - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x01, 0x70, 0x00, 0x03, 0x05, 0xEC] # holding 0x170 count 3
         inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x06, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x1B, 0x2C, 0x03, 0x0D, 0x3E, 0xAB] # 6 bytes
-      - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x01, 0x61, 0x00, 0x01, 0xD4, 0x28] # holding 0x161 count 1
-        inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x61, 0x78, 0x3C] # 353
 
 modbus:
   uart_id: virtual_uart_dev
@@ -104,8 +102,9 @@ sensor:
     value_type: U_DWORD
     modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
 
-  # D - a wide (response_size) register followed by a contiguous one: the follower must start after the
-  # bytes the wide register actually returned, not after 2 * register_count.
+  # D - a wide (response_size) register followed by a contiguous reuse:true one (auto never joins past
+  # a response_size register): the follower must start after the bytes the wide register actually
+  # returned, not after two per register.
   - platform: modbus_controller
     name: "wide_first"
     address: 0x130
@@ -118,6 +117,7 @@ sensor:
     address: 0x131
     register_type: holding
     value_type: U_WORD
+    reuse_previous_range: true
     modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
 
   # E - a gap: these must never share a range.
@@ -134,7 +134,8 @@ sensor:
     value_type: U_WORD
     modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
 
-  # F - contiguous registers where the second asks for a slower rate.
+  # F - contiguous registers that historically carried differing skip_updates rates and were split by
+  # the rate merge; with per-range rates gone they group like any contiguous pair.
   - platform: modbus_controller
     name: "rate_first"
     address: 0x150
@@ -146,7 +147,6 @@ sensor:
     address: 0x151
     register_type: holding
     value_type: U_WORD
-    skip_updates: 5
     modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
 
   # B - a wide value and one of its halves share a start address, with a contiguous sensor after them.
@@ -195,13 +195,14 @@ sensor:
     value_type: U_WORD
     modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
 
-  # H - a sensor pinned to its own range, followed by a contiguous one.
+  # H - a sensor that never joins the range built before it (reuse_previous_range: false), followed
+  # by a contiguous plain item that extends the new range it started.
   - platform: modbus_controller
     name: "forced_first"
     address: 0x160
     register_type: holding
     value_type: U_WORD
-    force_new_range: true
+    reuse_previous_range: false
     modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
   - platform: modbus_controller
     name: "forced_next"
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_lambda_invert.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_lambda_invert.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..41afce70d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_lambda_invert.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+esphome:
+  name: uart-mock-modbus-lambda-invert
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+
+# Dummy uart entry to satisfy modbus's DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+# The actual UART bus used is the uart_mock component below
+uart:
+  baud_rate: 115200
+  port: /dev/null
+
+uart_mock:
+  - id: virtual_uart_server
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    auto_start: true
+    debug:
+    on_tx:
+      - then:
+          - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+              id: virtual_uart_controller
+              data: !lambda return data;
+  - id: virtual_uart_controller
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    auto_start: true
+    debug:
+    on_tx:
+      - then:
+          - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+              id: virtual_uart_server
+              data: !lambda return data;
+
+globals:
+  - id: reg40
+    type: uint16_t
+    initial_value: "5"
+
+modbus:
+  - uart_id: virtual_uart_server
+    id: virtual_modbus_server
+    role: server
+  - uart_id: virtual_uart_controller
+    id: virtual_modbus_controller
+    role: client
+    turnaround_time: 10ms
+
+modbus_controller:
+  - address: 1
+    modbus_id: virtual_modbus_controller
+    id: modbus_controller_1
+    update_interval: 1s
+
+modbus_server:
+  - address: 1
+    modbus_id: virtual_modbus_server
+    id: modbus_server_1
+    registers:
+      - address: 0x40
+        value_type: U_WORD
+        read_lambda: return id(reg40);
+        write_lambda: id(reg40) = x; return true;
+
+# An active-low holding switch: the write_lambda inverts the wire value, but the entity must still
+# report the REQUESTED state. assumed_state keeps the register unpolled, so the published state comes
+# only from write_state() - turning ON writes 0x0000 yet the switch shows ON.
+switch:
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "invert_switch"
+    register_type: holding
+    address: 0x40
+    assumed_state: true
+    write_lambda: |-
+      return !x;
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "reg_40"
+    address: 0x40
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Start Scenario"
+    id: start_scenario_btn
+    # This test does not have anything to start (mock is autostart)
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_lambda_write.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_lambda_write.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..86e17ea0d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_lambda_write.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+esphome:
+  name: uart-mock-modbus-lambda-write
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+
+# Dummy uart entry to satisfy modbus's DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+# The actual UART bus used is the uart_mock component below
+uart:
+  baud_rate: 115200
+  port: /dev/null
+
+uart_mock:
+  - id: virtual_uart_server
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    auto_start: true
+    debug:
+    on_tx:
+      - then:
+          - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+              id: virtual_uart_controller
+              data: !lambda return data;
+  - id: virtual_uart_controller
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    auto_start: true
+    debug:
+    on_tx:
+      - then:
+          - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+              id: virtual_uart_server
+              data: !lambda return data;
+
+globals:
+  - id: reg30
+    type: uint16_t
+    initial_value: "0"
+
+modbus:
+  - uart_id: virtual_uart_server
+    id: virtual_modbus_server
+    role: server
+  - uart_id: virtual_uart_controller
+    id: virtual_modbus_controller
+    role: client
+    turnaround_time: 10ms
+
+modbus_controller:
+  - address: 1
+    modbus_id: virtual_modbus_controller
+    id: modbus_controller_1
+    update_interval: 1s
+
+modbus_server:
+  - address: 1
+    modbus_id: virtual_modbus_server
+    id: modbus_server_1
+    registers:
+      - address: 0x30
+        value_type: U_WORD
+        read_lambda: return id(reg30);
+        write_lambda: id(reg30) = x; return true;
+
+# A COIL-type switch (assumed_state, write-only) whose write_lambda ignores its own coil type and instead
+# drives a HOLDING-REGISTER write on the mock server through the entity itself: `item` IS the command, so
+# item->write_single_register() sends a register write from a coil entity (cross-type). Returning nothing
+# (an empty optional) tells the write path the lambda already dispatched the frame - no default coil write.
+switch:
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "cross_switch"
+    register_type: coil
+    address: 0x00
+    assumed_state: true
+    write_lambda: |-
+      item->write_single_register(0x30, x ? 1234 : 0);
+      return {};
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "reg_30"
+    address: 0x30
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Start Scenario"
+    id: start_scenario_btn
+    # This test does not have anything to start (mock is autostart)
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_offline.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_offline.yaml
index e4d2dfa294..c34890cd02 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_offline.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_offline.yaml
@@ -51,9 +51,8 @@ modbus_controller:
     modbus_id: virtual_modbus_client
     id: ctl
     max_cmd_retries: 1
-    # offline_skip_updates and the sensor's skip_updates deliberately share a period: offline
-    # probing must follow the offline cadence alone, or phase combinations like this one can
-    # leave the device never probing again.
+    # offline_skip_updates: 1 -> once offline, the controller re-probes every second update cycle;
+    # the test silences the device to force it offline, then answers again and checks it recovers.
     offline_skip_updates: 1
     update_interval: never
     on_offline:
@@ -71,7 +70,6 @@ sensor:
     address: 0x03
     register_type: holding
     value_type: U_WORD
-    skip_updates: 1
   # Mirrors the controller's online state so the test can await the transitions.
   - platform: template
     name: link_state
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_ranges.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_ranges.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..09e5a20241
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_ranges.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+esphome:
+  name: uart-mock-modbus-ranges-test
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+
+# Dummy uart entry to satisfy modbus's DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+# The actual UART bus used is the uart_mock component below
+uart:
+  baud_rate: 115200
+  port: /dev/null
+
+# Each expect_tx below pins the exact read request the controller's range builder emits, so this
+# fixture is a wire-level test of reuse_previous_range (auto/yes/no), gap joins, same-register reuse,
+# response_size surplus accounting, and RAW/text block reads.
+uart_mock:
+  - id: virtual_uart_dev
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    rx_full_threshold: 120
+    rx_timeout: 2
+    # auto_start must be false to avoid races: the test presses the
+    # "Start Scenario" button only after subscribing to states.
+    auto_start: false
+    debug:
+    responses:
+      - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x05, 0xCB] # auto adjacency: one read covers 0x00-0x02
+        inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x06, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x03, 0xFD, 0x74]
+      - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01, 0x85, 0xCF] # auto gap: 0x10 alone
+        inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x00, 0x04, 0xB9, 0x87]
+      - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x13, 0x00, 0x01, 0x75, 0xCF] # auto gap: 0x13 alone
+        inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x00, 0x05, 0x78, 0x47]
+      - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x04, 0x45, 0xC3] # yes across gap: one read 0x20-0x23, gap registers ignored
+        inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x08, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x09, 0x33, 0xD1]
+      - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x30, 0x00, 0x01, 0x84, 0x05] # no isolation: 0x30 alone despite adjacency
+        inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x38, 0x43]
+      - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x31, 0x00, 0x01, 0xD5, 0xC5] # no isolation: 0x31 alone
+        inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x00, 0x0B, 0xF9, 0x83]
+      - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x3F, 0x00, 0x01, 0xB4, 0x06] # open NEVER: 0x3F alone (the reuse:false item split off)
+        inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x00, 0x0C, 0xB8, 0x41]
+      - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x40, 0x00, 0x02, 0xC5, 0xDF] # open NEVER: 0x40 (reuse: false) still extended by the auto item at 0x41
+        inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0D, 0x00, 0x0E, 0xEA, 0x34]
+      - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x50, 0x00, 0x01, 0x84, 0x1B] # same-address reuse: one read, two sensors on 0x50
+        inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x12, 0x34, 0xB5, 0x33]
+      - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x60, 0x00, 0x04, 0x44, 0x17] # text block + adjacent word: one read 0x60-0x63
+        inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x08, 0x41, 0x42, 0x43, 0x44, 0x45, 0x46, 0x00, 0x0F, 0x78, 0x0E]
+      - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x70, 0x00, 0x02, 0xC5, 0xD0] # response_size surplus: 0x70 answers 4 bytes, reuse:true word at 0x71 shifted along
+        inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x06, 0x00, 0x10, 0xAA, 0xBB, 0x00, 0x11, 0x71, 0x47]
+      - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x90, 0x00, 0x01, 0x84, 0x27] # auto after surplus: 0x90 alone (auto never joins past response_size)
+        inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x04, 0x00, 0x18, 0xCC, 0xDD, 0xEF, 0x6D]
+      - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x91, 0x00, 0x01, 0xD5, 0xE7] # auto after surplus: 0x91 alone
+        inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x00, 0x19, 0x79, 0x8E]
+      - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x80, 0x00, 0x04, 0x45, 0xE1] # RAW block via response_size: 8 bytes = 4 registers in one read
+        inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x08, 0x00, 0x14, 0x00, 0x15, 0x00, 0x16, 0x00, 0x17, 0x6D, 0xDF]
+
+modbus:
+  uart_id: virtual_uart_dev
+  send_wait_time: 200ms
+  turnaround_time: 10ms
+
+modbus_controller:
+  - address: 1
+    id: ranges_controller
+    max_cmd_retries: 0
+    # The test triggers a single poll by pressing the "Start Scenario" button
+    update_interval: never
+
+sensor:
+  # Case 1: three adjacent registers merge into one read (auto default)
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: ranges_controller
+    name: "adjacent_a"
+    register_type: holding
+    address: 0x00
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: ranges_controller
+    name: "adjacent_b"
+    register_type: holding
+    address: 0x01
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: ranges_controller
+    name: "adjacent_c"
+    register_type: holding
+    address: 0x02
+
+  # Case 2: a gap keeps auto items apart
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: ranges_controller
+    name: "gap_a"
+    register_type: holding
+    address: 0x10
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: ranges_controller
+    name: "gap_b"
+    register_type: holding
+    address: 0x13
+
+  # Case 3: reuse_previous_range: true bridges the gap into one read
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: ranges_controller
+    name: "bridge_a"
+    register_type: holding
+    address: 0x20
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: ranges_controller
+    name: "bridge_b"
+    register_type: holding
+    address: 0x23
+    reuse_previous_range: true
+
+  # Case 4: reuse_previous_range: false splits adjacent registers
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: ranges_controller
+    name: "split_a"
+    register_type: holding
+    address: 0x30
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: ranges_controller
+    name: "split_b"
+    register_type: holding
+    address: 0x31
+    reuse_previous_range: false
+
+  # Case 5: a reuse:false item starts its own range but stays open for later auto items
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: ranges_controller
+    name: "open_prev"
+    register_type: holding
+    address: 0x3F
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: ranges_controller
+    name: "open_never"
+    register_type: holding
+    address: 0x40
+    reuse_previous_range: false
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: ranges_controller
+    name: "open_tagalong"
+    register_type: holding
+    address: 0x41
+
+  # Case 6: two sensors on the same register share one read
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: ranges_controller
+    name: "shared_lo"
+    register_type: holding
+    address: 0x50
+    bitmask: 0x00FF
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: ranges_controller
+    name: "shared_hi"
+    register_type: holding
+    address: 0x50
+    bitmask: 0xFF00
+
+  # Case 10 (text block, see text_sensor below) shares the range with this word at 0x63
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: ranges_controller
+    name: "after_text"
+    register_type: holding
+    address: 0x63
+
+  # Case 11: response_size surplus — the device answers 4 bytes for this single register, so the
+  # following sensor's data sits 2 bytes later than its address alone implies. Joining past a
+  # non-standard response_size takes an explicit reuse_previous_range: true.
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: ranges_controller
+    name: "surplus"
+    register_type: holding
+    address: 0x70
+    response_size: 4
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: ranges_controller
+    name: "after_surplus"
+    register_type: holding
+    address: 0x71
+    reuse_previous_range: true
+
+  # Case 13: auto never joins past a response_size register — despite adjacency these poll separately
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: ranges_controller
+    name: "surplus_split"
+    register_type: holding
+    address: 0x90
+    response_size: 4
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: ranges_controller
+    name: "after_surplus_split"
+    register_type: holding
+    address: 0x91
+
+  # Case 12: RAW + response_size reads a block of ceil(8/2) = 4 registers
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: ranges_controller
+    name: "raw_block"
+    register_type: holding
+    address: 0x80
+    value_type: RAW
+    response_size: 8
+    lambda: |-
+      return (float) data.size();
+
+text_sensor:
+  # Case 10: text sensor reads 3 registers (response_size 6)
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: ranges_controller
+    name: "text_block"
+    register_type: holding
+    address: 0x60
+    response_size: 6
+    raw_encode: NONE
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Start Scenario"
+    id: start_scenario_btn
+    on_press:
+      - lambda: |-
+          id(virtual_uart_dev).start_scenario();
+          id(ranges_controller).set_update_interval(1000);
+          id(ranges_controller).start_poller();
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_register_offset.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_register_offset.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..21c451aa99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_register_offset.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+esphome:
+  name: uart-mock-modbus-reg-offset
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+
+# Dummy uart entry to satisfy modbus's DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+# The actual UART bus used is the uart_mock component below
+uart:
+  baud_rate: 115200
+  port: /dev/null
+
+uart_mock:
+  - id: virtual_uart_server
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    auto_start: true
+    debug:
+    on_tx:
+      - then:
+          - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+              id: virtual_uart_controller
+              data: !lambda return data;
+  - id: virtual_uart_controller
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    auto_start: true
+    debug:
+    on_tx:
+      - then:
+          - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+              id: virtual_uart_server
+              data: !lambda return data;
+
+globals:
+  - id: reg10
+    type: uint16_t
+    initial_value: "100"
+  - id: reg11
+    type: uint16_t
+    initial_value: "200"
+  - id: reg12
+    type: uint16_t
+    initial_value: "300"
+  - id: reg13
+    type: uint16_t
+    initial_value: "0xABCD"
+
+modbus:
+  - uart_id: virtual_uart_server
+    id: virtual_modbus_server
+    role: server
+  - uart_id: virtual_uart_controller
+    id: virtual_modbus_controller
+    role: client
+    turnaround_time: 10ms
+
+modbus_controller:
+  - address: 1
+    modbus_id: virtual_modbus_controller
+    id: modbus_controller_1
+    update_interval: 1s
+
+modbus_server:
+  - address: 1
+    modbus_id: virtual_modbus_server
+    id: modbus_server_1
+    registers:
+      - address: 0x10
+        value_type: U_WORD
+        read_lambda: return id(reg10);
+        write_lambda: id(reg10) = x; return true;
+      - address: 0x11
+        value_type: U_WORD
+        read_lambda: return id(reg11);
+        write_lambda: id(reg11) = x; return true;
+      - address: 0x12
+        value_type: U_WORD
+        read_lambda: return id(reg12);
+        write_lambda: id(reg12) = x; return true;
+      - address: 0x13
+        value_type: U_WORD
+        read_lambda: return id(reg13);
+        write_lambda: id(reg13) = x; return true;
+
+# A holding-register switch at 0x10 with a 2-BYTE offset. offset is byte-based, so the write must target
+# register 0x10 + 2/2 = 0x11. The old (pre-fix) behavior folded offset into the address as a register
+# count, hitting 0x12 instead. assumed_state keeps the switch write-only so it does not read any register.
+switch:
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "offset_switch"
+    register_type: holding
+    address: 0x10
+    offset: 2
+    assumed_state: true
+  # A holding-register switch that READS its state. Byte offset 6 -> register 0x10 + 6/2 = 0x13. Post-fix
+  # the switch itself resolves to 0x13 (the even byte offset folds into the address as whole registers) and
+  # joins the 0x10..0x13 range, so no separate 0x13 sensor is needed. Pre-fix the whole byte offset folds
+  # into the address (0x16), where the server answers ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS and the switch never publishes.
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "read_offset_switch"
+    register_type: holding
+    address: 0x10
+    offset: 6
+    bitmask: 0x1
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "reg_10"
+    address: 0x10
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "reg_11"
+    address: 0x11
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "reg_12"
+    address: 0x12
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Start Scenario"
+    id: start_scenario_btn
+    # This test does not have anything to start (mock is autostart)
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_server_controller_bits.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_server_controller_bits.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cb6fc6f074
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_server_controller_bits.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+esphome:
+  name: uart-mock-modbus-srv-bits
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+
+# Dummy uart entry to satisfy modbus's DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+# The actual UART bus used is the uart_mock component below
+uart:
+  baud_rate: 115200
+  port: /dev/null
+
+uart_mock:
+  - id: virtual_uart_server
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    # auto_start must be true for loopback fixtures: the modbus controller
+    # polls on its update_interval immediately at boot, so the uart_mock
+    # forwarding must already be active or early requests are lost and
+    # generate modbus warnings.
+    auto_start: true
+    debug:
+    on_tx:
+      - then:
+          - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+              id: virtual_uart_controller
+              data: !lambda return data;
+  - id: virtual_uart_controller
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    auto_start: true # See comment on virtual_uart_server above
+    debug:
+    on_tx:
+      - then:
+          - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+              id: virtual_uart_server
+              data: !lambda return data;
+
+globals:
+  - id: stored_bit_2
+    type: bool
+    initial_value: "false"
+  - id: stored_bit_3
+    type: bool
+    initial_value: "true"
+
+modbus:
+  - uart_id: virtual_uart_server
+    id: virtual_modbus_server
+    role: server
+  - uart_id: virtual_uart_controller
+    id: virtual_modbus_controller
+    role: client
+    turnaround_time: 10ms
+
+modbus_controller:
+  - address: 1
+    modbus_id: virtual_modbus_controller
+    update_interval: 1s
+    id: modbus_controller_1
+
+modbus_server:
+  - address: 1
+    modbus_id: virtual_modbus_server
+    id: modbus_server_1
+    bits:
+      - address: 0x00
+        read_lambda: return true;
+      - address: 0x01
+        read_lambda: return false;
+      - address: 0x02
+        read_lambda: return id(stored_bit_2);
+        write_lambda: id(stored_bit_2) = x; return true;
+      - address: 0x03
+        read_lambda: return id(stored_bit_3);
+        write_lambda: id(stored_bit_3) = x; return true;
+
+# The same four bits are read both as coils (FC 0x01) and as discrete inputs
+# (FC 0x02): the server serves both from one shared bit table, so the two
+# views must always agree.
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "bit_coil_0"
+    address: 0x00
+    register_type: coil
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "bit_coil_1"
+    address: 0x01
+    register_type: coil
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "bit_coil_2"
+    address: 0x02
+    register_type: coil
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "bit_coil_3"
+    address: 0x03
+    register_type: coil
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "bit_di_0"
+    address: 0x00
+    register_type: discrete_input
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "bit_di_1"
+    address: 0x01
+    register_type: discrete_input
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "bit_di_2"
+    address: 0x02
+    register_type: discrete_input
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "bit_di_3"
+    address: 0x03
+    register_type: discrete_input
+
+# write_bit_2 uses the single-coil write (FC 0x05); write_bit_3 opts into the
+# multiple-coils write (FC 0x0F) so both server write paths are exercised.
+switch:
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "write_bit_2"
+    address: 0x02
+    register_type: coil
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "write_bit_3"
+    address: 0x03
+    register_type: coil
+    use_write_multiple: true
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Start Scenario"
+    id: start_scenario_btn
+    # This test does not have anything to start (mock is autostart)
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_server_read_write.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_server_read_write.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e998861c2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_server_read_write.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+esphome:
+  name: uart-mock-modbus-srv-rw
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+
+# Dummy uart entry to satisfy modbus's DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+# The actual UART bus used is the uart_mock component below
+uart:
+  baud_rate: 115200
+  port: /dev/null
+
+uart_mock:
+  - id: virtual_uart_dev
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    rx_full_threshold: 120
+    rx_timeout: 2
+    auto_start: false
+    debug:
+    injections:
+      # FC 0x17 Read/Write Multiple Registers on device 1:
+      #   write reg 0x0001 = 0x1234 (qty 1), then read regs 0x0001..0x0002 (qty 2).
+      # Per Modbus 6.17 the write is performed before the read, so reg 0x0001 must
+      # read back the just-written 0x1234 in the same request.
+      - delay: 100ms
+        inject_rx:
+          [0x01, 0x17, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x12, 0x34, 0x49, 0xD8]
+      # FC 0x17: write reg 0x0003 = 0x5678 (qty 1), then read reg 0x0003 (qty 1) -
+      # a write and read targeting a different register block.
+      - delay: 100ms
+        inject_rx:
+          [0x01, 0x17, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x56, 0x78, 0x9B, 0x10]
+
+globals:
+  - id: stored_1
+    type: uint16_t
+    initial_value: "0"
+  - id: stored_3
+    type: uint16_t
+    initial_value: "0"
+
+modbus:
+  uart_id: virtual_uart_dev
+  role: server
+
+modbus_server:
+  - address: 1
+    registers:
+      # Writable + readable register backed by a global. The read publishes what it
+      # returns so the test can confirm the write half ran before the read half.
+      - address: 0x01
+        value_type: U_WORD
+        read_lambda: |-
+          id(rw_read_1).publish_state(id(stored_1));
+          return id(stored_1);
+        write_lambda: |-
+          id(stored_1) = x;
+          id(rw_write_1).publish_state(x);
+          return true;
+      # Read-only register, read together with 0x01 by the first request's 2-register read.
+      - address: 0x02
+        value_type: U_WORD
+        read_lambda: |-
+          id(rw_read_2).publish_state(0x00AA);
+          return 0x00AA;
+      # Second writable + readable register, targeted by the second request.
+      - address: 0x03
+        value_type: U_WORD
+        read_lambda: |-
+          id(rw_read_3).publish_state(id(stored_3));
+          return id(stored_3);
+        write_lambda: |-
+          id(stored_3) = x;
+          id(rw_write_3).publish_state(x);
+          return true;
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "rw_write_1"
+    id: rw_write_1
+  - platform: template
+    name: "rw_read_1"
+    id: rw_read_1
+  - platform: template
+    name: "rw_read_2"
+    id: rw_read_2
+  - platform: template
+    name: "rw_write_3"
+    id: rw_write_3
+  - platform: template
+    name: "rw_read_3"
+    id: rw_read_3
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Start Scenario"
+    id: start_scenario_btn
+    on_press:
+      - lambda: "id(virtual_uart_dev).start_scenario();"
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_server_read_write_invalid.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_server_read_write_invalid.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d3c091d67d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_server_read_write_invalid.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+esphome:
+  name: uart-mock-modbus-srv-rw-inv
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+
+# Dummy uart entry to satisfy modbus's DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+# The actual UART bus used is the uart_mock component below
+uart:
+  baud_rate: 115200
+  port: /dev/null
+
+uart_mock:
+  - id: virtual_uart_dev
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    rx_full_threshold: 120
+    rx_timeout: 2
+    auto_start: false
+    debug:
+    injections:
+      # Malformed FC 0x17 Read/Write Multiple Registers, otherwise well formed (valid CRC): write
+      # quantity 2 but byte count 2 (2 registers need 4 bytes), i.e. byte count != 2x write quantity.
+      # The hub must reject it (ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE) before touching any register.
+      - delay: 100ms
+        inject_rx:
+          [0x01, 0x17, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x02, 0x12, 0x34, 0x09, 0x89]
+      # A valid FC 0x03 read of reg 0x0A injected afterwards. Its read_lambda fires the "probe"
+      # sensor, which (because injections run in order) signals the malformed frame was processed.
+      - delay: 100ms
+        inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x01, 0xA4, 0x08]
+
+modbus:
+  uart_id: virtual_uart_dev
+  role: server
+
+modbus_server:
+  - address: 1
+    registers:
+      # The malformed request's write half spans 0x01-0x02. Both are registered so modbus_server's
+      # address pre-flight cannot reject the frame on its own: if the hub wrongly accepted it, these
+      # write_lambdas would fire the "write_seen" sensor.
+      - address: 0x01
+        value_type: U_WORD
+        read_lambda: return 0;
+        write_lambda: |-
+          id(write_seen).publish_state(1);
+          return true;
+      - address: 0x02
+        value_type: U_WORD
+        read_lambda: return 0;
+        write_lambda: |-
+          id(write_seen).publish_state(1);
+          return true;
+      # Processing probe: a valid read of this register fires after the malformed frame.
+      - address: 0x0A
+        value_type: U_WORD
+        read_lambda: |-
+          id(probe).publish_state(1);
+          return 1;
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "write_seen"
+    id: write_seen
+  - platform: template
+    name: "probe"
+    id: probe
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Start Scenario"
+    id: start_scenario_btn
+    on_press:
+      - lambda: "id(virtual_uart_dev).start_scenario();"
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_shared_address.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_shared_address.yaml
index 25574d0c42..7a94082ed8 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_shared_address.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_shared_address.yaml
@@ -32,9 +32,9 @@ uart_mock:
       # duplicate or overlapping range would put an extra frame on the bus and fail to match.
       - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x90, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0xB8, 0xCB] # Read holding 0x9001 count 2 on device 1
         inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x04, 0x03, 0x97, 0x02, 0x91, 0x8B, 0x57] # 0x9001=0x0397, 0x9002=0x0291
-      # A force_new_range sensor at a HIGH address (0x30) sorts before the plain sensor at a LOW address
-      # (0x10). The two must poll as separate ranges: the covered branch's lower-bound check prevents the
-      # 0x10 sensor from being absorbed into the forced 0x30 range with a wrapped byte offset.
+      # A sensor at 0x30 with the deprecated force_new_range (migrates to reuse_previous_range: false)
+      # and a plain sensor at 0x10. The two must poll as separate ranges: the 0x10 sensor must not be
+      # absorbed into the isolated 0x30 range.
       - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x30, 0x00, 0x01, 0x84, 0x05] # Read holding 0x30 count 1 (forced range)
         inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x11, 0x79, 0xD8] # 0x30 = 0x0111 = 273
       - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01, 0x85, 0xCF] # Read holding 0x10 count 1 (own range)
@@ -49,14 +49,10 @@ uart_mock:
         inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x41, 0x79, 0xE4] # 0x101 = 0x0141 = 321
       - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x01, 0x75, 0xF6] # Read holding 0x103 count 1
         inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0xA5, 0x79, 0xAF] # 0x103 = 0x01A5 = 421
-      # A widened shared-address range at 0x200 plus a sensor at 0x201 carrying its own skip_updates.
-      # The sensor must keep its own range so the polling rates stay independent; if it were folded into
-      # the widened range it would decode 0x201 from THAT response (2, not 777) and drag the range's
-      # rate down to its own.
+      # Two sensors sharing start address 0x200 (a word and a dword) widen the range to 2 registers
+      # and both decode from the single response.
       - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0xC5, 0xB3] # Read holding 0x200 count 2
         inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x04, 0x01, 0x41, 0x00, 0x02, 0x2A, 0x1A] # 0x200=0x0141, 0x201=0x0002
-      - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0xD4, 0x72] # Read holding 0x201 count 1
-        inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x03, 0x09, 0x78, 0xB2] # 0x201 = 0x0309 = 777
 
 modbus:
   uart_id: virtual_uart_dev
@@ -91,7 +87,7 @@ sensor:
     register_type: holding
     value_type: U_WORD
     modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
-  # Forced sensor at a high address: sorts first, opens its own isolated range
+  # Isolated sensor (deprecated spelling, migrates to reuse_previous_range: false): own range
   - platform: modbus_controller
     name: "forced_high"
     address: 0x30
@@ -99,7 +95,7 @@ sensor:
     value_type: U_WORD
     force_new_range: true
     modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
-  # Plain sensor at a lower address: must get its own range, never absorbed into the forced one
+  # Plain sensor at a lower address: must get its own range, never absorbed into the isolated one
   - platform: modbus_controller
     name: "plain_low"
     address: 0x10
@@ -128,26 +124,17 @@ sensor:
     modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
   # Shared address 0x200: the dword widens the range the word opened (or vice versa)
   - platform: modbus_controller
-    name: "rate_word"
+    name: "widen_word"
     address: 0x200
     register_type: holding
     value_type: U_WORD
     modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
   - platform: modbus_controller
-    name: "rate_dword"
+    name: "widen_dword"
     address: 0x200
     register_type: holding
     value_type: U_DWORD
     modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
-  # Inside the widened range but with its own skip_updates: must NOT be folded in, or the two sensors
-  # above would silently drop to this sensor's polling rate
-  - platform: modbus_controller
-    name: "own_rate"
-    address: 0x201
-    register_type: holding
-    value_type: U_WORD
-    skip_updates: 100
-    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
 
 button:
   - platform: template
diff --git a/tests/integration/integration_test_durations.json b/tests/integration/integration_test_durations.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9bada5cd36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/integration_test_durations.json
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+{
+  "tests/integration/test_action_concurrent_reentry.py": 45.23,
+  "tests/integration/test_addressable_light_transition.py": 74.47,
+  "tests/integration/test_alarm_control_panel_state_transitions.py": 74.1,
+  "tests/integration/test_api_action_metadata.py": 62.1,
+  "tests/integration/test_api_action_responses.py": 71.08,
+  "tests/integration/test_api_action_timeout.py": 21.64,
+  "tests/integration/test_api_conditional_memory.py": 13.72,
+  "tests/integration/test_api_custom_services.py": 24.16,
+  "tests/integration/test_api_get_time_response_timezone.py": 23.48,
+  "tests/integration/test_api_homeassistant.py": 37.87,
+  "tests/integration/test_api_homeassistant_action_no_subscriber.py": 14.38,
+  "tests/integration/test_api_list_entities_backpressure.py": 26.85,
+  "tests/integration/test_api_message_size_batching.py": 33.36,
+  "tests/integration/test_api_reboot_timeout.py": 13.63,
+  "tests/integration/test_api_string_lambda.py": 25.04,
+  "tests/integration/test_api_vv_logging.py": 16.6,
+  "tests/integration/test_api_zero_psk_provisioning.py": 43.14,
+  "tests/integration/test_areas_and_devices.py": 25.98,
+  "tests/integration/test_automation_wait_actions.py": 21.91,
+  "tests/integration/test_automations.py": 42.43,
+  "tests/integration/test_batch_delay_zero_rapid_transitions.py": 16.65,
+  "tests/integration/test_binary_sensor_autorepeat_filter.py": 28.67,
+  "tests/integration/test_binary_sensor_invalidate_state.py": 23.69,
+  "tests/integration/test_blocking_warning_log_time_not_charged_to_next_operation.py": 22.99,
+  "tests/integration/test_build_info.py": 24.96,
+  "tests/integration/test_camera_mock.py": 14.47,
+  "tests/integration/test_climate_control_action.py": 31.07,
+  "tests/integration/test_climate_custom_modes.py": 28.59,
+  "tests/integration/test_continuation_actions.py": 14.96,
+  "tests/integration/test_cover_control_action.py": 26.14,
+  "tests/integration/test_crc8_helper.py": 10.92,
+  "tests/integration/test_device_id_in_state.py": 64.97,
+  "tests/integration/test_duplicate_entities.py": 30.81,
+  "tests/integration/test_entity_icon.py": 32.85,
+  "tests/integration/test_fan_turn_on_action.py": 24.91,
+  "tests/integration/test_fnv1_hash_object_id.py": 12.54,
+  "tests/integration/test_fnv1a_hash.py": 21.8,
+  "tests/integration/test_gpio_expander_cache.py": 5.2,
+  "tests/integration/test_host_logger_thread_safety.py": 21.7,
+  "tests/integration/test_host_mode_basic.py": 13.62,
+  "tests/integration/test_host_mode_batch_delay.py": 14.56,
+  "tests/integration/test_host_mode_climate_basic_state.py": 30.95,
+  "tests/integration/test_host_mode_climate_control.py": 29.06,
+  "tests/integration/test_host_mode_empty_string_options.py": 27.22,
+  "tests/integration/test_host_mode_entity_fields.py": 30.95,
+  "tests/integration/test_host_mode_fan_preset.py": 14.44,
+  "tests/integration/test_host_mode_many_entities.py": 54.13,
+  "tests/integration/test_host_mode_many_entities_multiple_connections.py": 32.17,
+  "tests/integration/test_host_mode_noise_encryption.py": 42.77,
+  "tests/integration/test_host_mode_reconnect.py": 4.06,
+  "tests/integration/test_host_mode_sensor.py": 13.47,
+  "tests/integration/test_host_ota.py": 21.4,
+  "tests/integration/test_host_preferences.py": 25.43,
+  "tests/integration/test_host_preferences_suspend_resume.py": 19.2,
+  "tests/integration/test_improv_serial_uart.py": 31.52,
+  "tests/integration/test_large_message_batching.py": 15.64,
+  "tests/integration/test_legacy_area.py": 22.63,
+  "tests/integration/test_legacy_climate_compat.py": 26.13,
+  "tests/integration/test_legacy_fan_compat.py": 24.05,
+  "tests/integration/test_light_automations.py": 30.86,
+  "tests/integration/test_light_binary_effect_off_phase.py": 23.19,
+  "tests/integration/test_light_calls.py": 32.35,
+  "tests/integration/test_light_constant_brightness.py": 29.89,
+  "tests/integration/test_light_control_action.py": 29.06,
+  "tests/integration/test_light_dim_relative_action.py": 29.61,
+  "tests/integration/test_light_effect_zero_brightness.py": 18.68,
+  "tests/integration/test_light_initial_state.py": 24.49,
+  "tests/integration/test_light_toggle_action.py": 26.46,
+  "tests/integration/test_lock_automations.py": 23.28,
+  "tests/integration/test_logger_buffered_recursion_guard.py": 24.29,
+  "tests/integration/test_loop_disable_enable.py": 45.28,
+  "tests/integration/test_loop_interval_decoupling.py": 28.35,
+  "tests/integration/test_loop_interval_default_not_pulled_forward.py": 21.97,
+  "tests/integration/test_micros_to_millis.py": 20.79,
+  "tests/integration/test_multi_click_trigger.py": 26.2,
+  "tests/integration/test_multi_device_preferences.py": 16.87,
+  "tests/integration/test_noise_encryption_key_protection.py": 77.05,
+  "tests/integration/test_object_id_api_verification.py": 73.51,
+  "tests/integration/test_object_id_friendly_name_no_mac_suffix.py": 62.33,
+  "tests/integration/test_object_id_no_friendly_name.py": 43.47,
+  "tests/integration/test_online_image_auto_detects_image_bmp_mime.py": 32.21,
+  "tests/integration/test_online_image_auto_detects_redirected_image_bmp_mime.py": 56.86,
+  "tests/integration/test_online_image_bmp.py": 50.9,
+  "tests/integration/test_oversized_payloads.py": 53.2,
+  "tests/integration/test_preference_key_stability.py": 26.09,
+  "tests/integration/test_runtime_stats.py": 18.34,
+  "tests/integration/test_safe_mode_loop_runs.py": 10.07,
+  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_blocking_warning.py": 40.91,
+  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_bulk_cleanup.py": 23.14,
+  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_defer_cancel.py": 24.54,
+  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_defer_cancel_regular.py": 13.48,
+  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_defer_fifo_simple.py": 26.86,
+  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_defer_stress.py": 27.23,
+  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_heap_stress.py": 24.02,
+  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_internal_id_no_collision.py": 24.57,
+  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_interval_reschedule.py": 13.12,
+  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_interval_zero_coerced.py": 22.91,
+  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_null_name.py": 23.46,
+  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_numeric_id_test.py": 24.54,
+  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_pool.py": 25.0,
+  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_rapid_cancellation.py": 14.68,
+  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_recursive_timeout.py": 25.35,
+  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_removed_item_race.py": 26.19,
+  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_self_keyed.py": 23.43,
+  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_simultaneous_callbacks.py": 22.16,
+  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_string_test.py": 15.22,
+  "tests/integration/test_script_array_params.py": 14.67,
+  "tests/integration/test_script_delay_params.py": 15.65,
+  "tests/integration/test_script_queued.py": 24.93,
+  "tests/integration/test_script_queued_idle_loop.py": 5.04,
+  "tests/integration/test_script_wait_on_boot.py": 13.08,
+  "tests/integration/test_select_stringref_trigger.py": 29.6,
+  "tests/integration/test_sensor_filters_delta.py": 28.01,
+  "tests/integration/test_sensor_filters_ring_buffer.py": 25.04,
+  "tests/integration/test_sensor_filters_sliding_window.py": 71.5,
+  "tests/integration/test_sensor_filters_value_list.py": 16.94,
+  "tests/integration/test_sensor_timeout_filter.py": 29.48,
+  "tests/integration/test_socket_wake_gate_tcp.py": 20.36,
+  "tests/integration/test_status_flags.py": 37.42,
+  "tests/integration/test_strftime_to.py": 22.61,
+  "tests/integration/test_syslog.py": 16.34,
+  "tests/integration/test_template_alarm_control_panel_many_sensors.py": 29.81,
+  "tests/integration/test_template_text_save.py": 25.43,
+  "tests/integration/test_text_command.py": 23.34,
+  "tests/integration/test_text_sensor_raw_state.py": 69.57,
+  "tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2410.py": 37.95,
+  "tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2412.py": 93.22,
+  "tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2420.py": 43.24,
+  "tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2450.py": 31.75,
+  "tests/integration/test_uart_mock_modbus.py": 667.4,
+  "tests/integration/test_udp.py": 9.38,
+  "tests/integration/test_use_address_runtime.py": 37.05,
+  "tests/integration/test_valve_control_action.py": 24.47,
+  "tests/integration/test_varint_five_byte_device_id.py": 25.03,
+  "tests/integration/test_wait_until_mid_loop_timing.py": 23.73,
+  "tests/integration/test_wait_until_on_boot.py": 9.16,
+  "tests/integration/test_wait_until_ordering.py": 13.3,
+  "tests/integration/test_wait_until_reentrant_restart.py": 25.23,
+  "tests/integration/test_wake_loop_forces_phase_b.py": 23.34,
+  "tests/integration/test_water_heater_template.py": 17.67
+}
diff --git a/tests/integration/log_utils.py b/tests/integration/log_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c605351bb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/log_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+"""Helpers for asserting on log output in integration tests."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+
+
+class LineWaiter:
+    """Collects log lines and lets a test await one containing all needles.
+
+    Pass ``callback`` as ``run_compiled``'s ``line_callback``; the callback runs
+    on the test's own event loop, so futures are resolved directly. Only one
+    ``wait_for`` may be outstanding at a time (tests await sequentially).
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.lines: list[str] = []
+        self._needles: tuple[str, ...] = ()
+        self._future: asyncio.Future | None = None
+
+    def callback(self, line: str) -> None:
+        self.lines.append(line)
+        if (
+            self._future is not None
+            and not self._future.done()
+            and all(n in line for n in self._needles)
+        ):
+            self._future.set_result(line)
+            self._future = None
+
+    async def wait_for_each(self, *texts: str, timeout: float = 10.0) -> None:
+        """Await each text in turn; a text may match a line already received."""
+        for text in texts:
+            await self.wait_for(text, timeout=timeout)
+
+    async def wait_for(self, *needles: str, timeout: float = 10.0) -> str:
+        """Return the first line, past or future, containing every needle."""
+        for line in self.lines:
+            if all(n in line for n in needles):
+                return line
+        assert self._future is None or self._future.done(), "concurrent wait_for"
+        self._needles = needles
+        self._future = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_future()
+        try:
+            return await asyncio.wait_for(self._future, timeout)
+        finally:
+            self._future = None
+            self._needles = ()
diff --git a/tests/integration/online_image_utils.py b/tests/integration/online_image_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..02f0023cb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/online_image_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+"""Shared fixture server and log helpers for the online_image integration tests."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+from collections.abc import Callable
+import re
+
+# black 8x8 RGB BMP, generated with
+#   from PIL import Image
+#   from io import BytesIO
+#   b = BytesIO()
+#   img = Image.new("RGB", (8, 8))
+#   img.save(b, format="BMP")
+#   b.getvalue()
+BMP_IMAGE = b"BM\xf6\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x006\x00\x00\x00(\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x18\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xc0\x00\x00\x00\xc4\x0e\x00\x00\xc4\x0e\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+LEN_BMP_IMAGE = len(BMP_IMAGE)
+
+
+async def wait_for_download(
+    downloaded_bytes_future: asyncio.Future,
+    server_error_future: asyncio.Future,
+) -> int:
+    """Await the downloaded byte count, raising a server handler error first."""
+    await asyncio.wait(
+        {downloaded_bytes_future, server_error_future},
+        return_when=asyncio.FIRST_COMPLETED,
+    )
+    if server_error_future.done() and (exc := server_error_future.exception()):
+        raise exc
+    # Retrieve a late teardown error so asyncio does not log it at GC
+    server_error_future.add_done_callback(lambda f: f.exception())
+    return downloaded_bytes_future.result()
+
+
+def make_download_watcher(
+    downloaded_bytes_future: asyncio.Future,
+    download_finished_future: asyncio.Future,
+) -> Callable[[str], None]:
+    """Build a line callback resolving the futures from the device log."""
+
+    def check_output(line: str) -> None:
+        if (
+            match := re.search(r"Image fully downloaded, (\d+) bytes", line)
+        ) and not downloaded_bytes_future.done():
+            downloaded_bytes_future.set_result(int(match.group(1)))
+        if "download finished" in line and not download_finished_future.done():
+            download_finished_future.set_result(True)
+
+    return check_output
+
+
+def handle_http(
+    http_request_future,
+    content_type: str = "text/plain",
+    *,
+    request_path: str = "/foo.bmp",
+    request_line_consumed: bool = False,
+    server_error_future: asyncio.Future | None = None,
+):
+    async def handler(reader, writer):
+        try:
+            # Only read the request line if it hasn't been consumed by a caller
+            if not request_line_consumed:
+                async with asyncio.timeout(1.0):
+                    data = await reader.readuntil(b"\r\n")
+
+                expected_request = f"GET {request_path} HTTP/1.1\r\n".encode()
+                assert data[: len(expected_request)] == expected_request
+
+            async with asyncio.timeout(1.0):
+                await reader.readuntil(b"\r\n\r\n")
+
+            if not http_request_future.done():
+                http_request_future.set_result(True)
+
+            http_response = [
+                b"HTTP/1.1 200 OK",
+                b"Content-Length: %d" % LEN_BMP_IMAGE,
+                f"Content-Type: {content_type}".encode(),
+                b"Connection: close",
+                b"",
+                b"",
+            ]
+            writer.write(b"\r\n".join(http_response))
+            await writer.drain()
+
+            writer.write(BMP_IMAGE)
+
+            await writer.drain()
+        except Exception as exc:
+            if server_error_future is not None and not server_error_future.done():
+                server_error_future.set_exception(exc)
+            if not http_request_future.done():
+                http_request_future.set_exception(exc)
+            raise
+        finally:
+            writer.close()
+
+    return handler
+
+
+def handle_http_redirect(
+    http_request_future, final_request_future, server_error_future, port_holder
+):
+    async def handler(reader, writer):
+        try:
+            async with asyncio.timeout(1.0):
+                request = await reader.readuntil(b"\r\n")
+
+            if (
+                request[: len(b"GET /foo.bmp HTTP/1.1\r\n")]
+                == b"GET /foo.bmp HTTP/1.1\r\n"
+            ):
+                if not http_request_future.done():
+                    http_request_future.set_result(True)
+                async with asyncio.timeout(1.0):
+                    await reader.readuntil(b"\r\n\r\n")
+
+                http_response = [
+                    b"HTTP/1.1 302 Found",
+                    f"Location: http://127.0.0.1:{port_holder['port']}/final.bmp".encode(),
+                    b"Content-Type: text/html",
+                    b"Content-Length: 0",
+                    b"Connection: close",
+                    b"",
+                    b"",
+                ]
+                writer.write(b"\r\n".join(http_response))
+                await writer.drain()
+                return
+
+            assert (
+                request[: len(b"GET /final.bmp HTTP/1.1\r\n")]
+                == b"GET /final.bmp HTTP/1.1\r\n"
+            )
+            if not final_request_future.done():
+                final_request_future.set_result(True)
+            await handle_http(
+                final_request_future,
+                "image/bmp",
+                request_path="/final.bmp",
+                request_line_consumed=True,
+                server_error_future=server_error_future,
+            )(reader, writer)
+        except Exception as exc:
+            # Route handler failures to the dedicated error future so they're not silently lost
+            if not server_error_future.done():
+                server_error_future.set_exception(exc)
+            if not http_request_future.done():
+                http_request_future.set_exception(exc)
+            if not final_request_future.done():
+                final_request_future.set_exception(exc)
+            raise
+        finally:
+            writer.close()
+
+    return handler
diff --git a/tests/integration/raw_api_client.py b/tests/integration/raw_api_client.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1dbe40933c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/raw_api_client.py
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+"""Minimal plaintext native-api client over a raw socket.
+
+Reads only when told to, so tests control when the TCP pipe backs up toward
+the device; payloads are skipped and only message types are counted.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+from collections import Counter
+import socket
+from typing import Self
+
+from aioesphomeapi import api_pb2
+import aioesphomeapi.core as api_core
+from google.protobuf import message
+
+from .const import LOCALHOST
+
+# Message type ids are protocol constants; derive them from aioesphomeapi so
+# they cannot drift from the client library in use.
+MESSAGE_TYPE_OF = {cls: num for num, cls in api_core.MESSAGE_TYPE_TO_PROTO.items()}
+
+_READ_CHUNK = 4096
+
+
+def encode_varint(value: int) -> bytes:
+    out = bytearray()
+    while True:
+        byte = value & 0x7F
+        value >>= 7
+        if value:
+            out.append(byte | 0x80)
+        else:
+            out.append(byte)
+            return bytes(out)
+
+
+def decode_varint(buf: bytearray, pos: int) -> tuple[int, int] | None:
+    """Decode one varint at pos; return (value, new_pos) or None if short."""
+    value = shift = 0
+    while pos < len(buf):
+        byte = buf[pos]
+        pos += 1
+        value |= (byte & 0x7F) << shift
+        if not byte & 0x80:
+            return value, pos
+        shift += 7
+    return None
+
+
+def encode_frame(msg_type: int, payload: bytes) -> bytes:
+    """Encode one plaintext api frame: 0x00, payload length, message type."""
+    return b"\x00" + encode_varint(len(payload)) + encode_varint(msg_type) + payload
+
+
+class FrameParser:
+    """Incremental parser for the plaintext api frame stream."""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._buf = bytearray()
+
+    def feed(self, data: bytes) -> list[int]:
+        self._buf.extend(data)
+        types: list[int] = []
+        while (msg_type := self._try_parse()) is not None:
+            types.append(msg_type)
+        return types
+
+    def _try_parse(self) -> int | None:
+        buf = self._buf
+        if not buf:
+            return None
+        assert buf[0] == 0, f"expected plaintext frame, got indicator {buf[0]}"
+        if (size_decoded := decode_varint(buf, 1)) is None:
+            return None
+        size, pos = size_decoded
+        if (type_decoded := decode_varint(buf, pos)) is None:
+            return None
+        msg_type, pos = type_decoded
+        if len(buf) - pos < size:
+            return None
+        del buf[: pos + size]
+        return msg_type
+
+
+class RawApiClient:
+    """Plaintext api client whose reads happen only on request."""
+
+    def __init__(self, port: int, recv_buffer_size: int | None = None) -> None:
+        self._port = port
+        self._parser = FrameParser()
+        self.bytes_received = 0
+        self.frame_counts: Counter[int] = Counter()
+        sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+        try:
+            if recv_buffer_size is not None:
+                sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_RCVBUF, recv_buffer_size)
+                # Kernels may round up (Linux doubles) but must not clamp below
+                applied = sock.getsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_RCVBUF)
+                assert applied >= recv_buffer_size, (
+                    f"SO_RCVBUF clamped to {applied}, requested {recv_buffer_size}"
+                )
+            sock.setblocking(False)
+        except Exception:
+            sock.close()
+            raise
+        self._sock = sock
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> Self:
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(self, *exc_info: object) -> None:
+        self.close()
+
+    async def connect(self, client_info: str = "raw-api-client") -> None:
+        """Connect and complete the Hello handshake (no auth step since 2026.1.0)."""
+        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        await loop.sock_connect(self._sock, (LOCALHOST, self._port))
+        hello = api_pb2.HelloRequest()
+        hello.client_info = client_info
+        hello.api_version_major = 1
+        hello.api_version_minor = 10
+        await self.send_message(hello)
+        await self.read_until_frame(MESSAGE_TYPE_OF[api_pb2.HelloResponse])
+
+    async def send_message(self, msg: message.Message) -> None:
+        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        await loop.sock_sendall(
+            self._sock,
+            encode_frame(MESSAGE_TYPE_OF[type(msg)], msg.SerializeToString()),
+        )
+
+    async def read_until_frame(self, msg_type: int, timeout: float = 10.0) -> None:
+        """Read until at least one frame of msg_type has been received."""
+        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+
+        async def _read_loop() -> None:
+            while not self.frame_counts[msg_type]:
+                data = await loop.sock_recv(self._sock, _READ_CHUNK)
+                assert data, "server closed the connection unexpectedly"
+                self.bytes_received += len(data)
+                self.frame_counts.update(self._parser.feed(data))
+
+        await asyncio.wait_for(_read_loop(), timeout)
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        self._sock.close()
diff --git a/tests/integration/state_utils.py b/tests/integration/state_utils.py
index 65af57b944..9c0debbc5c 100644
--- a/tests/integration/state_utils.py
+++ b/tests/integration/state_utils.py
@@ -387,8 +387,9 @@ class SensorStateCollector:
 class SensorTracker:
     """Data-driven sensor state tracker with expected-value futures.
 
-    Tracks sensor state updates and resolves futures when sensors report
-    specific expected values. Eliminates per-sensor future boilerplate.
+    Tracks sensor and binary sensor state updates and resolves futures when
+    they report specific expected values. Eliminates per-sensor future
+    boilerplate.
 
     Usage::
 
@@ -419,20 +420,32 @@ class SensorTracker:
         """Call ``expect`` for every entry and return a dict of futures."""
         return {name: self.expect(name, value) for name, value in expected.items()}
 
-    def on_state(self, state: EntityState) -> None:
-        """State callback suitable for ``subscribe_states``."""
-        if not isinstance(state, SensorState) or state.missing_state:
+    def on_state(self, state: EntityState, first_pending_only: bool = False) -> None:
+        """State callback suitable for ``subscribe_states``.
+
+        Args:
+            state: The state update to record
+            first_pending_only: Only allow the first pending expectation for this
+                sensor to match, instead of the first matching one. Used for
+                connect-time states so they cannot satisfy a later phase.
+        """
+        if (
+            not isinstance(state, (SensorState, BinarySensorState))
+            or state.missing_state
+        ):
             return
         sensor_name = self.key_to_sensor.get(state.key)
         if not sensor_name or sensor_name not in self.sensor_states:
             return
         self.sensor_states[sensor_name].append(state.state)
         for expected_value, future in self._expectations.get(sensor_name, []):
-            if not future.done() and (
-                expected_value is self._ANY or state.state == expected_value
-            ):
+            if future.done():
+                continue
+            if expected_value is self._ANY or state.state == expected_value:
                 future.set_result(True)
                 break
+            if first_pending_only:
+                break
 
     async def await_change(
         self, future: asyncio.Future, name: str, timeout: float = 2.0
@@ -470,8 +483,22 @@ class SensorTracker:
         for name, future in futures.items():
             await self.await_change(future, name, timeout=timeout)
 
-    async def setup_and_start_scenario(self, client) -> list:
-        """Wire up subscriptions, wait for initial states, press Start Scenario."""
+    async def setup_and_start_scenario(
+        self, client: APIClient, match_initial_states: bool = False
+    ) -> list[EntityInfo]:
+        """Wire up subscriptions, wait for initial states, press Start Scenario.
+
+        Args:
+            client: The connected API client
+            match_initial_states: Also match expectations against the states the
+                device sends when the client connects, so a value published before
+                the client subscribed still counts. Binary sensors need this: they
+                drop repeats, so a value that lands in the connect-time dump is
+                never sent again. Plain sensors publish on every poll, so there it
+                only saves waiting for the next one. Only the first pending
+                expectation per sensor can match, so a connect-time value cannot
+                satisfy a later phase.
+        """
         entities, _ = await client.list_entities_services()
         self.key_to_sensor.update(
             build_key_to_entity_mapping(entities, list(self.sensor_states.keys()))
@@ -484,6 +511,9 @@ class SensorTracker:
             import pytest
 
             pytest.fail("Timeout waiting for initial states")
+        if match_initial_states:
+            for state in initial_state_helper.initial_states.values():
+                self.on_state(state, first_pending_only=True)
         start_btn = find_entity(entities, "start_scenario", ButtonInfo)
         assert start_btn is not None, "Start Scenario button not found"
         client.button_command(start_btn.key)
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_api_action_metadata.py b/tests/integration/test_api_action_metadata.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..74d40f141b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/test_api_action_metadata.py
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+"""Integration test for user-defined action field metadata."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import re
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.helpers import fnv1_hash
+
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_api_action_metadata(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Action and argument metadata reach the client and the actions still run."""
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+    buzzer_called = loop.create_future()
+    plain_called = loop.create_future()
+    buzzer_pattern = re.compile(r"Buzzer: two_short")
+    plain_pattern = re.compile(r"Plain action called")
+
+    def check_output(line: str) -> None:
+        if not buzzer_called.done() and buzzer_pattern.search(line):
+            buzzer_called.set_result(True)
+        elif not plain_called.done() and plain_pattern.search(line):
+            plain_called.set_result(True)
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=check_output),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        _, services = await client.list_entities_services()
+
+        by_name = {service.name: service for service in services}
+        assert set(by_name) == {"play_buzzer", "plain_action"}
+        # Keys are hashed at codegen time and must match what the client expects
+        for name, service in by_name.items():
+            assert service.key == fnv1_hash(name), name
+
+        buzzer = by_name["play_buzzer"]
+        assert buzzer.description == "Play an RTTTL melody on the buzzer"
+        args = {arg.name: arg for arg in buzzer.args}
+        assert args["song_str"].description == "RTTTL melody string"
+        assert args["song_str"].example == "two_short:d=4,o=5,b=100:16e6,16e6"
+        # An arg without metadata sends empty strings
+        assert args["volume"].description == ""
+        assert args["volume"].example == ""
+
+        # An action without metadata sends empty strings
+        plain = by_name["plain_action"]
+        assert plain.description == ""
+        assert plain.args[0].description == ""
+
+        await client.execute_service(
+            buzzer, {"song_str": "two_short:d=4,o=5,b=100:16e6,16e6", "volume": 3}
+        )
+        await client.execute_service(plain, {"value": 1})
+        await asyncio.wait_for(buzzer_called, timeout=5.0)
+        await asyncio.wait_for(plain_called, timeout=5.0)
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_api_get_time_response_timezone.py b/tests/integration/test_api_get_time_response_timezone.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c90380607f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/test_api_get_time_response_timezone.py
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+"""Integration test for GetTimeResponse parsed_timezone presence handling."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from aioesphomeapi import connection as api_connection
+from aioesphomeapi.api_pb2 import GetTimeResponse
+import pytest
+
+from .state_utils import SensorTracker, build_key_to_entity_mapping
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+# 2024-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
+EPOCH = 1704067200
+# POSIX offsets are positive west of UTC, so UTC+7 is -25200 and UTC-5 is 18000
+UTC_PLUS_7 = -25200
+UTC_MINUS_5 = 18000
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_api_get_time_response_timezone(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """A present parsed_timezone is applied even when all zero; an absent one is ignored."""
+    # The client answers the device's own GetTimeRequest with the host timezone;
+    # strip the parsed field from that reply so only the messages sent below
+    # can change the device timezone.
+    monkeypatch.setattr(api_connection, "_build_parsed_tz_proto", lambda tz: None)
+
+    async with run_compiled(yaml_config), api_client_connected() as client:
+        entities, _ = await client.list_entities_services()
+        tracker = SensorTracker(["tz_offset"])
+        tracker.key_to_sensor = build_key_to_entity_mapping(entities, ["tz_offset"])
+        client.subscribe_states(tracker.on_state)
+
+        await tracker.await_change(tracker.expect_any("tz_offset"), "tz_offset")
+        initial = tracker.sensor_states["tz_offset"][-1]
+        # Pick a zone that differs from the codegen default so the change is visible
+        target = UTC_PLUS_7 if initial != UTC_PLUS_7 else UTC_MINUS_5
+
+        # Present, non-zero: applied
+        future = tracker.expect("tz_offset", target)
+        resp = GetTimeResponse(epoch_seconds=EPOCH)
+        resp.parsed_timezone.std_offset_seconds = target
+        resp.parsed_timezone.dst_offset_seconds = target
+        client._connection.send_messages((resp,))
+        await tracker.await_change(future, "tz_offset")
+
+        # Absent (legacy client with only the deprecated string): ignored, and in
+        # particular not mistaken for an all-zero UTC zone
+        future = tracker.expect("tz_offset", 0)
+        resp = GetTimeResponse(epoch_seconds=EPOCH, timezone="UTC0")
+        client._connection.send_messages((resp,))
+        await tracker.await_must_not_change(future, "tz_offset", timeout=1.0)
+        assert tracker.sensor_states["tz_offset"][-1] == target
+        # Retire the expectation so it cannot swallow the first matching state
+        # meant for the next phase
+        future.cancel()
+
+        # Present but all zero (genuine UTC): applied
+        future = tracker.expect("tz_offset", 0)
+        resp = GetTimeResponse(epoch_seconds=EPOCH)
+        resp.parsed_timezone.SetInParent()
+        client._connection.send_messages((resp,))
+        await tracker.await_change(future, "tz_offset")
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_api_homeassistant_binary_sensor_initial_state.py b/tests/integration/test_api_homeassistant_binary_sensor_initial_state.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4f7dda6eee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/test_api_homeassistant_binary_sensor_initial_state.py
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+"""Test on_press/on_release for homeassistant binary sensors on the first HA state."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+
+import pytest
+
+from .log_utils import LineWaiter
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+ENTITIES = (
+    "binary_sensor.initial_on",
+    "binary_sensor.default",
+    "binary_sensor.unavailable_first",
+    "binary_sensor.initial_off",
+    "binary_sensor.default_unavail",
+)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_api_homeassistant_binary_sensor_initial_state(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """The first state from HA fires on_press only with trigger_on_initial_state."""
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+    waiter = LineWaiter()
+    subscribed: set[str] = set()
+    all_subscribed = loop.create_future()
+
+    def on_state_sub(entity_id: str, _attribute: str | None) -> None:
+        subscribed.add(entity_id)
+        if not all_subscribed.done() and subscribed.issuperset(ENTITIES):
+            all_subscribed.set_result(None)
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=waiter.callback),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        client.subscribe_home_assistant_states(on_state_sub)
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(all_subscribed, timeout=5.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail(f"never subscribed: {set(ENTITIES) - subscribed}")
+
+        # First state from HA
+        client.send_home_assistant_state("binary_sensor.initial_on", "", "on")
+        client.send_home_assistant_state("binary_sensor.default", "", "on")
+        client.send_home_assistant_state(
+            "binary_sensor.unavailable_first", "", "unavailable"
+        )
+        client.send_home_assistant_state("binary_sensor.unavailable_first", "", "on")
+        client.send_home_assistant_state(
+            "binary_sensor.default_unavail", "", "unavailable"
+        )
+        client.send_home_assistant_state("binary_sensor.default_unavail", "", "on")
+        client.send_home_assistant_state("binary_sensor.initial_off", "", "off")
+
+        await waiter.wait_for("initial_on on_press", timeout=5.0)
+        await waiter.wait_for("unavailable_first on_press", timeout=5.0)
+        # Pin that the 'unavailable' message actually arrived and was rejected
+        await waiter.wait_for("Can't convert 'unavailable'", timeout=5.0)
+        # initial_off is the last state sent, so this wait also proves the
+        # earlier 'default' initial state was already processed
+        await waiter.wait_for("initial_off on_release", timeout=5.0)
+        # Both 'unavailable' senders must have been seen and rejected
+        assert sum("Can't convert 'unavailable'" in line for line in waiter.lines) == 2
+        # Guard every phase 2 needle against being satisfied by a stale
+        # phase 1 line, and pin that the initial states fired nothing else
+        for absent in (
+            "initial_on on_release",
+            "default on_press",
+            "default on_release",
+            "default_unavail on_press",
+            "default_unavail on_release",
+            "unavailable_first on_release",
+            "initial_off on_press",
+        ):
+            assert not any(absent in line for line in waiter.lines), (
+                f"unexpected trigger before the second state change: {absent}"
+            )
+
+        # A later change fires for all of them
+        client.send_home_assistant_state("binary_sensor.initial_on", "", "off")
+        client.send_home_assistant_state("binary_sensor.default", "", "off")
+        client.send_home_assistant_state("binary_sensor.unavailable_first", "", "off")
+        client.send_home_assistant_state("binary_sensor.initial_off", "", "on")
+        client.send_home_assistant_state("binary_sensor.default_unavail", "", "off")
+        await waiter.wait_for_each(
+            "initial_on on_release",
+            "default on_release",
+            "default_unavail on_release",
+            "unavailable_first on_release",
+            "initial_off on_press",
+            timeout=5.0,
+        )
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_api_list_entities_backpressure.py b/tests/integration/test_api_list_entities_backpressure.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9df6c7a298
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/test_api_list_entities_backpressure.py
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+"""A client that stops reading the entity listing must not starve other clients.
+
+Service responses are sent directly (not via the deferred batch), so a full
+TCP pipe makes the send path refuse; the drive loop now lives in
+try_advance(), which stops on refusal instead of retrying forever. Not a
+before/after regression test: pre-fix builds survive here because the
+refusal path yields and pumps the socket each retry.
+
+The sndbuf_pin_component fixture pins the device's send buffers so the pipe
+fills deterministically regardless of kernel autotuning; the test waits for
+its log line before proceeding.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+
+from aioesphomeapi import api_pb2
+import pytest
+
+from .raw_api_client import MESSAGE_TYPE_OF, RawApiClient
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+SERVICES_RESPONSE = MESSAGE_TYPE_OF[api_pb2.ListEntitiesServicesResponse]
+LIST_DONE_RESPONSE = MESSAGE_TYPE_OF[api_pb2.ListEntitiesDoneResponse]
+
+# Both ends of the pipe are pinned small; only tens of KB fit in the kernel
+RECV_BUFFER_SIZE = 4096
+SERVER_SNDBUF = 8192  # substituted into the fixture yaml
+# Logged by the sndbuf_pin_component fixture when it pins a socket
+SNDBUF_PIN_LOG = "SO_SNDBUF pinned to"
+# One response (~6.4 KB) must stay smaller than the pinned send buffer; an
+# oversized message parks in the overflow buffer and reports as sent.
+ARGS_PER_SERVICE = 8
+ARG_NAME_LEN = 800
+# ~160 KB listing versus a tens-of-KB pipe guarantees a mid-services block
+NUM_SERVICES = 25
+assert ARGS_PER_SERVICE * ARG_NAME_LEN < SERVER_SNDBUF
+# The pipe fills in well under a second
+STALL_SECONDS = 0.5
+# Well above pipe capacity, well below the listing size
+MIN_DRAINED_BYTES = 60_000
+
+
+def _generated_actions() -> str:
+    """Build the api actions block: services with long argument names."""
+    lines: list[str] = []
+    for i in range(NUM_SERVICES):
+        lines.append(f"    - action: backpressure_service_{i:04d}")
+        lines.append("      variables:")
+        for j in range(ARGS_PER_SERVICE):
+            prefix = f"arg_{i:04d}_{j:02d}_"
+            lines.append(
+                f"        {prefix}{'x' * (ARG_NAME_LEN - len(prefix))}: string"
+            )
+        lines.append("      then:")
+        lines.append("        - logger.log: service called")
+    return "\n".join(lines)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_api_list_entities_backpressure(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+    unused_tcp_port: int,
+) -> None:
+    """A stalled reader mid-services must not block other api clients."""
+    assert "# GENERATED_ACTIONS" in yaml_config
+    config = yaml_config.replace("# GENERATED_ACTIONS", _generated_actions())
+    config = config.replace("SERVER_SNDBUF", str(SERVER_SNDBUF))
+
+    pin_applied = asyncio.Event()
+
+    def _on_log_line(line: str) -> None:
+        if SNDBUF_PIN_LOG in line:
+            pin_applied.set()
+
+    async with run_compiled(config, line_callback=_on_log_line):
+        # Fails loudly if the pin never applied
+        await asyncio.wait_for(pin_applied.wait(), 10)
+
+        async with RawApiClient(
+            unused_tcp_port, recv_buffer_size=RECV_BUFFER_SIZE
+        ) as stalled:
+            await stalled.connect(client_info="backpressure-stall-client")
+            await stalled.send_message(api_pb2.ListEntitiesRequest())
+            # The client now stops reading entirely.
+
+            # Let the server run against the full pipe
+            await asyncio.sleep(STALL_SECONDS)
+
+            # Other clients must still be served while the first is blocked
+            async with api_client_connected(timeout=20) as client:
+                device_info = await asyncio.wait_for(client.device_info(), 20)
+                assert device_info.name == "api-backpressure-test"
+                _, services = await asyncio.wait_for(
+                    client.list_entities_services(), 30
+                )
+                assert len(services) == NUM_SERVICES
+
+            # Fixture-size guard: the listing must dwarf the pinned pipe
+            before = stalled.bytes_received
+            await stalled.read_until_frame(LIST_DONE_RESPONSE, timeout=60)
+            drained = stalled.bytes_received - before
+            assert drained > MIN_DRAINED_BYTES, (
+                f"only {drained} bytes drained; the listing never backed up"
+            )
+            assert stalled.frame_counts[SERVICES_RESPONSE] == NUM_SERVICES
+            assert stalled.frame_counts[LIST_DONE_RESPONSE] == 1
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_camera_mock.py b/tests/integration/test_camera_mock.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6819d7a6d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/test_camera_mock.py
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+"""Integration test for the camera API flow using a mock camera platform."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+
+from aioesphomeapi import CameraInfo, CameraState, EntityState
+import pytest
+
+from .state_utils import require_entity
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+# Must match image_size in fixtures/camera_mock.yaml
+IMAGE_SIZE = 4096
+STREAM_FRAMES = 3
+
+
+def _verify_frame(data: bytes) -> int:
+    """Verify the deterministic frame pattern and return the frame counter."""
+    assert len(data) == IMAGE_SIZE, f"expected {IMAGE_SIZE} bytes, got {len(data)}"
+    counter = data[0]
+    assert data == bytes((counter + i) & 0xFF for i in range(IMAGE_SIZE)), (
+        "frame pattern mismatch"
+    )
+    return counter
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_camera_mock(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Single-image and stream requests deliver reassembled deterministic frames."""
+    async with run_compiled(yaml_config), api_client_connected() as client:
+        entities, _ = await client.list_entities_services()
+        camera = require_entity(entities, "mock_camera", CameraInfo)
+
+        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        images: list[bytes] = []
+        single_image: asyncio.Future[None] = loop.create_future()
+        stream_done: asyncio.Future[None] = loop.create_future()
+
+        def on_state(state: EntityState) -> None:
+            if not (isinstance(state, CameraState) and state.key == camera.key):
+                return
+            images.append(bytes(state.data))
+            if not single_image.done():
+                single_image.set_result(None)
+            elif len(images) >= STREAM_FRAMES and not stream_done.done():
+                stream_done.set_result(None)
+
+        client.subscribe_states(on_state)
+
+        # Single image request: one complete frame arrives, reassembled
+        # from multiple chunks (4096 > 1390 byte packets)
+        client.request_single_image()
+        await asyncio.wait_for(single_image, timeout=10)
+        first_counter = _verify_frame(images[0])
+
+        # Stream request: multiple consecutive frames arrive
+        images.clear()
+        client.request_image_stream()
+        await asyncio.wait_for(stream_done, timeout=10)
+
+        # Frames are distinct, ordered, and fresh per the mock's counter.
+        # Not exactly consecutive: the API drops frames by design while the
+        # previous image is still being sent, so allow small gaps.
+        counters = [_verify_frame(img) for img in images[:STREAM_FRAMES]]
+        for prev, cur in zip(counters, counters[1:], strict=False):
+            assert cur != prev, f"duplicate frames: {counters}"
+            assert ((cur - prev) & 0xFF) < 16, f"frames out of order: {counters}"
+        assert counters[0] != first_counter, "stream should produce new frames"
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_fnv1_hash_object_id.py b/tests/integration/test_fnv1_hash_object_id.py
index 0c2848a20c..23e8ca04c2 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_fnv1_hash_object_id.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_fnv1_hash_object_id.py
@@ -37,10 +37,6 @@ async def test_fnv1_hash_object_id(
         "special",
         "complex",
         "empty",
-        "raw",
-        "raw_utf8",
-        "old_utf8",
-        "old_cjk",
     }
 
     def on_log_line(line: str) -> None:
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_host_ota.py b/tests/integration/test_host_ota.py
index e1036fdf1c..4e74814534 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_host_ota.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_host_ota.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import asyncio
 from collections.abc import Generator
 from contextlib import contextmanager
+import functools
 import socket
 
 import pytest
@@ -111,6 +112,62 @@ async def test_host_ota_self_update(
             assert proc.pid == pid_before
 
 
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_host_ota_encrypted(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    write_yaml_config: ConfigWriter,
+    compile_esphome: CompileFunction,
+    reserved_tcp_port: tuple[int, socket.socket],
+) -> None:
+    """Encrypted self-OTA succeeds; a plaintext upload to the same device fails."""
+    pytest.importorskip("aioesphomeapi.noise")
+    noise_psk = "AAECAwQFBgcICQoLDA0ODxAREhMUFRYXGBkaGxwdHh8="
+    api_port, api_socket = reserved_tcp_port
+    with _reserve_port() as (ota_port, ota_socket):
+        yaml_config = yaml_config.replace("__OTA_PORT__", str(ota_port))
+        config_path = await write_yaml_config(yaml_config)
+        binary_path = await compile_esphome(config_path)
+        api_socket.close()
+        ota_socket.close()
+
+        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        rebooted = loop.create_future()
+
+        def on_log(line: str) -> None:
+            if not rebooted.done() and "Rebooting safely" in line:
+                rebooted.set_result(True)
+
+        async with run_binary(binary_path, line_callback=on_log) as (proc, _lines):
+            await _wait_for_port(LOCALHOST, api_port, PORT_WAIT_TIMEOUT)
+            pid_before = proc.pid
+
+            # A plaintext upload must be refused with the device unharmed
+            rc, _ = await loop.run_in_executor(
+                None, espota2.run_ota, LOCALHOST, ota_port, None, binary_path
+            )
+            assert rc == 1, "plaintext upload to an encrypted device must fail"
+            await asyncio.sleep(0.5)
+            assert proc.returncode is None, "process died on rejected plaintext OTA"
+
+            # The encrypted upload goes through and the device re-execs
+            rc, _ = await loop.run_in_executor(
+                None,
+                functools.partial(
+                    espota2.run_ota,
+                    LOCALHOST,
+                    ota_port,
+                    None,
+                    binary_path,
+                    noise_psk=noise_psk,
+                ),
+            )
+            assert rc == 0, "encrypted OTA reported failure"
+            await asyncio.wait_for(rebooted, timeout=10.0)
+            await _wait_for_port(LOCALHOST, api_port, PORT_WAIT_TIMEOUT)
+            assert proc.returncode is None, "process exited instead of execing"
+            assert proc.pid == pid_before
+
+
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_host_ota_rejects_garbage(
     yaml_config: str,
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_host_preferences_suspend_resume.py b/tests/integration/test_host_preferences_suspend_resume.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ab08d5c440
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/test_host_preferences_suspend_resume.py
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+"""Test that suspending/resuming the preferences IntervalSyncer actually stops/starts flash writes."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+from collections.abc import Awaitable
+from pathlib import Path
+import re
+from typing import Any
+
+from aioesphomeapi import ButtonInfo, EntityInfo
+import pytest
+
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+DEVICE_NAME = "test_suspend_resume_device"
+
+
+def find_entity_by_name(
+    entities: list[EntityInfo], entity_type: type, name: str
+) -> Any:
+    """Helper to find an entity by type and name."""
+    return next(
+        (e for e in entities if isinstance(e, entity_type) and e.name == name), None
+    )
+
+
+async def _wait_for(
+    awaitable: Awaitable[Any], message: str, timeout: float = 5.0
+) -> None:
+    """Await a future or coroutine, failing the test with a clear message on timeout."""
+    try:
+        await asyncio.wait_for(awaitable, timeout=timeout)
+    except TimeoutError:
+        pytest.fail(message)
+
+
+async def _poll_until_exists(path: Path) -> None:
+    """Poll for a file to appear, rather than guessing a sleep duration."""
+    while not path.exists():
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.05)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def isolated_preferences(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path) -> Path:
+    """Keep host preferences per-test so this test never touches the real
+    ~/.esphome/prefs and never races other tests over ESPHOME_PREFDIR."""
+    prefdir = tmp_path / "prefs"
+    monkeypatch.setenv("ESPHOME_PREFDIR", str(prefdir))
+    return prefdir / f"{DEVICE_NAME}.prefs"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_host_preferences_suspend_resume(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+    isolated_preferences: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """Test that a running syncer flushes, a suspended one doesn't, and resume restores flushing."""
+    pref_file = isolated_preferences
+
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+    saved_in_memory = loop.create_future()
+    syncer_suspended = loop.create_future()
+    syncer_resumed = loop.create_future()
+
+    save_pattern = re.compile(r"Preference saved in memory")
+    suspend_pattern = re.compile(r"Syncer suspended")
+    resume_pattern = re.compile(r"Syncer resumed")
+
+    def check_output(line: str) -> None:
+        if save_pattern.search(line) and not saved_in_memory.done():
+            saved_in_memory.set_result(True)
+        if suspend_pattern.search(line) and not syncer_suspended.done():
+            syncer_suspended.set_result(True)
+        if resume_pattern.search(line) and not syncer_resumed.done():
+            syncer_resumed.set_result(True)
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=check_output),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        entities, _ = await client.list_entities_services()
+
+        save_button = find_entity_by_name(entities, ButtonInfo, "Save Preference")
+        suspend_button = find_entity_by_name(entities, ButtonInfo, "Suspend Syncer")
+        resume_button = find_entity_by_name(entities, ButtonInfo, "Resume Syncer")
+        assert save_button is not None, "Save Preference button not found"
+        assert suspend_button is not None, "Suspend Syncer button not found"
+        assert resume_button is not None, "Resume Syncer button not found"
+
+        # --- Positive control: a running syncer flushes to disk. Without this,
+        # the suspend assertion below could pass for the wrong reason (e.g. wrong prefs path). ---
+        client.button_command(save_button.key)
+        await _wait_for(
+            saved_in_memory, "Preference was not saved to memory within timeout"
+        )
+        await _wait_for(
+            _poll_until_exists(pref_file),
+            "Running syncer never flushed to disk; positive control failed",
+            timeout=10.0,
+        )
+        saved_in_memory = loop.create_future()
+
+        # --- Suspend: a suspended syncer must not flush. ---
+        client.button_command(suspend_button.key)
+        await _wait_for(
+            syncer_suspended, "Syncer suspend command was not processed within timeout"
+        )
+        # Delete only after suspend is confirmed: the poller is now stopped, so
+        # nothing can recreate the file before the negative assertion below.
+        pref_file.unlink()
+
+        client.button_command(save_button.key)
+        await _wait_for(
+            saved_in_memory, "Preference was not saved to memory within timeout"
+        )
+
+        # Wait well past flash_write_interval (1s): a running syncer would
+        # have flushed to disk by now, a suspended one must not have. This is a
+        # negative assertion (proving absence), so a fixed sleep is unavoidable here.
+        await asyncio.sleep(1.5)
+        assert not pref_file.exists(), (
+            "Suspended syncer flushed to disk; component.suspend did not stop the poller"
+        )
+
+        # --- Resume: flushing must restart. ---
+        client.button_command(resume_button.key)
+        await _wait_for(
+            syncer_resumed, "Syncer resume command was not processed within timeout"
+        )
+        await _wait_for(
+            _poll_until_exists(pref_file),
+            "Resumed syncer never flushed to disk; component.resume did not restart the poller",
+            timeout=10.0,
+        )
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_improv_serial_uart.py b/tests/integration/test_improv_serial_uart.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..75fb3263d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/test_improv_serial_uart.py
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+"""Integration test for improv_serial over a mocked UART bus.
+
+Drives the improv serial protocol end to end on the host platform:
+the fixture wires improv_serial to a uart_mock bus and shadows the wifi
+component with a host stub. The test injects improv frames through an API
+action and asserts on the framed responses that uart_mock logs as TX lines.
+
+Covered:
+  1. Get Current State reports AUTHORIZED
+  2. Get Device Info returns the firmware/device info RPC response
+  3. Get Wi-Fi Networks returns deduplicated scan results and a terminator
+  4. Wi-Fi Settings provisions: saves credentials and reports PROVISIONED
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import pytest
+
+from .log_utils import LineWaiter
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+# Improv serial framing (improv_serial_component.h)
+IMPROV_HEADER = b"IMPROV"
+IMPROV_VERSION = 1
+TYPE_CURRENT_STATE = 0x01
+TYPE_RPC = 0x03
+TYPE_RPC_RESPONSE = 0x04
+
+# improv::Command values
+CMD_GET_CURRENT_STATE = 0x02
+CMD_GET_DEVICE_INFO = 0x03
+CMD_GET_WIFI_NETWORKS = 0x04
+CMD_WIFI_SETTINGS = 0x01
+
+
+def build_rpc_frame(command: int, data: bytes = b"") -> list[int]:
+    """Build a full improv serial frame carrying one RPC command."""
+    payload = bytes([command, len(data)]) + data
+    frame = IMPROV_HEADER + bytes([IMPROV_VERSION, TYPE_RPC, len(payload)]) + payload
+    checksum = sum(frame) & 0xFF
+    return list(frame + bytes([checksum]) + b"\n")
+
+
+def state_frame_hex(state: int) -> str:
+    """Full 12 byte current-state frame as hex, checksum and newline included."""
+    frame = IMPROV_HEADER + bytes([IMPROV_VERSION, TYPE_CURRENT_STATE, 1, state])
+    checksum = sum(frame) & 0xFF
+    return ":".join(f"{b:02X}" for b in frame + bytes([checksum]) + b"\n")
+
+
+def rpc_footer_hex(payload: bytes) -> str:
+    """Checksum and newline footer written after an RPC response payload."""
+    header = IMPROV_HEADER + bytes([IMPROV_VERSION, TYPE_RPC_RESPONSE, len(payload)])
+    checksum = (sum(header) + sum(payload)) & 0xFF
+    return f"{checksum:02X}:0A"
+
+
+def wifi_settings_data(ssid: str, password: str) -> bytes:
+    ssid_b = ssid.encode()
+    pass_b = password.encode()
+    return bytes([len(ssid_b)]) + ssid_b + bytes([len(pass_b)]) + pass_b
+
+
+def hex_of(text: str) -> str:
+    """Colon separated uppercase hex as logged by format_hex_pretty."""
+    return ":".join(f"{b:02X}" for b in text.encode())
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_improv_serial_uart(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    waiter = LineWaiter()
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=waiter.callback),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        _entities, services = await client.list_entities_services()
+        inject = next(s for s in services if s.name == "uart_inject")
+
+        # 1. Get Current State: expect the complete current-state frame reporting
+        # AUTHORIZED (0x02), checksum and newline included
+        await client.execute_service(
+            inject, {"payload": build_rpc_frame(CMD_GET_CURRENT_STATE)}
+        )
+        await waiter.wait_for("uart_mock", f"TX 12 bytes: {state_frame_hex(0x02)}")
+
+        # 2. Get Device Info: the always logged 9 byte response header, then the
+        # payload with the firmware name (must stay under uart_mock's 64 byte
+        # hex dump cap or the payload line reads "too large to log")
+        await client.execute_service(
+            inject, {"payload": build_rpc_frame(CMD_GET_DEVICE_INFO)}
+        )
+        await waiter.wait_for("uart_mock", "TX 9 bytes: 49:4D:50:52:4F:56:01:04")
+        await waiter.wait_for("uart_mock", "TX ", hex_of("ESPHome"))
+
+        # 3. Get Wi-Fi Networks: stub scan has TestNet twice (dedup keeps the
+        # stronger), OpenNet, and a hidden entry (filtered). Expect one response
+        # per visible network plus the empty terminator.
+        await client.execute_service(
+            inject, {"payload": build_rpc_frame(CMD_GET_WIFI_NETWORKS)}
+        )
+        await waiter.wait_for("uart_mock", hex_of("TestNet"))
+        await waiter.wait_for("uart_mock", hex_of("OpenNet"))
+        # Terminator: all three writes of the response frame; 9 byte header,
+        # payload [0x04, 0x00, 0x00], then the checksum and newline footer
+        await waiter.wait_for("uart_mock", "TX 9 bytes: 49:4D:50:52:4F:56:01:04:03")
+        await waiter.wait_for("uart_mock", "TX 3 bytes: 04:00:00")
+        await waiter.wait_for(
+            "uart_mock", f"TX 2 bytes: {rpc_footer_hex(bytes([0x04, 0x00, 0x00]))}"
+        )
+        testnet_count = sum(
+            1
+            for line in waiter.lines
+            if "uart_mock" in line and "TX " in line and hex_of("TestNet") in line
+        )
+        assert testnet_count == 1, (
+            f"Duplicate scan entry not deduplicated: {testnet_count} TestNet responses"
+        )
+
+        # 4. Wi-Fi Settings: stub connects immediately; expect the credentials
+        # saved, the PROVISIONED state frame (0x04), and the settings response
+        await client.execute_service(
+            inject,
+            {
+                "payload": build_rpc_frame(
+                    CMD_WIFI_SETTINGS, wifi_settings_data("NewNet", "secret123")
+                )
+            },
+        )
+        await waiter.wait_for("save_wifi_sta ssid=NewNet")
+        await waiter.wait_for("uart_mock", f"TX 12 bytes: {state_frame_hex(0x04)}")
+        # Settings RPC response carries the formatted next_url and its footer
+        next_url = b"https://example.com/?device=improv-uart"
+        payload = (
+            bytes([CMD_WIFI_SETTINGS, len(next_url) + 1, len(next_url)])
+            + next_url
+            + b"\x00"
+        )
+        await waiter.wait_for(
+            "uart_mock",
+            f"TX {len(payload)} bytes: " + ":".join(f"{b:02X}" for b in payload),
+        )
+        await waiter.wait_for("uart_mock", f"TX 2 bytes: {rpc_footer_hex(payload)}")
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_object_id_api_verification.py b/tests/integration/test_object_id_api_verification.py
index 8dafb37c64..c8603e0682 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_object_id_api_verification.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_object_id_api_verification.py
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 
 This test verifies a three-way match between:
 1. C++ object_id generation (get_object_id_to using to_sanitized_char/to_snake_case_char)
-2. C++ entity key generation (fnv1_hash of the raw name in helpers.h)
-3. Python computation (sanitize/snake_case and fnv1_hash_name in helpers.py)
+2. C++ hash generation (fnv1_hash_object_id in helpers.h)
+3. Python computation (sanitize/snake_case in helpers.py, fnv1_hash_object_id)
 
 The API response contains C++ computed values, so verifying API == Python
 implicitly verifies C++ == Python == API for both object_id and hash.
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import pytest
 
-from esphome.helpers import fnv1_hash_name
+from esphome.helpers import fnv1_hash_object_id
 
 from .entity_utils import compute_object_id, verify_all_entities
 from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ async def test_object_id_api_verification(
             )
 
             # Verify hash can be computed from the name
-            hash_from_name = fnv1_hash_name(entity_name)
+            hash_from_name = fnv1_hash_object_id(entity_name)
             assert hash_from_name == entity.key, (
                 f"Entity '{entity_name}': hash mismatch. "
                 f"Python hash {hash_from_name:#x}, API key {entity.key:#x}"
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ async def test_object_id_api_verification(
             )
 
             # Verify hash matches
-            expected_hash = fnv1_hash_name(expected_name)
+            expected_hash = fnv1_hash_object_id(expected_name)
             assert entity.key == expected_hash, (
                 f"Empty-name entity (device_id={entity.device_id}): hash mismatch. "
                 f"API key: {entity.key:#x}, expected: {expected_hash:#x}"
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_object_id_friendly_name_no_mac_suffix.py b/tests/integration/test_object_id_friendly_name_no_mac_suffix.py
index b58593f2ef..7199a2b371 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_object_id_friendly_name_no_mac_suffix.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_object_id_friendly_name_no_mac_suffix.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import pytest
 
-from esphome.helpers import fnv1_hash_name
+from esphome.helpers import fnv1_hash_object_id
 
 from .entity_utils import (
     compute_object_id,
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ async def test_object_id_friendly_name_no_mac_suffix(
         )
 
         # Hash should match friendly_name
-        expected_hash = fnv1_hash_name("My Friendly Device")
+        expected_hash = fnv1_hash_object_id("My Friendly Device")
         assert entity.key == expected_hash, (
             f"Expected hash {expected_hash:#x}, got {entity.key:#x}"
         )
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_object_id_no_friendly_name.py b/tests/integration/test_object_id_no_friendly_name.py
index 45b5f730a6..b548f02fde 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_object_id_no_friendly_name.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_object_id_no_friendly_name.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import pytest
 
-from esphome.helpers import fnv1_hash_name
+from esphome.helpers import fnv1_hash_object_id
 
 from .entity_utils import compute_object_id, verify_all_entities
 from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ async def test_object_id_no_friendly_name_no_mac_suffix(
     OLD behavior:
     - is_object_id_dynamic_() returned false (mac suffix not enabled)
     - Used object_id_c_str_ which was pre-computed in Python
-    - Python used get_base_entity_name() with fallback to CORE.name
+    - Python used get_base_entity_object_id() with fallback to CORE.name
 
     Result: object_id = sanitize(snake_case(device_name))
     """
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ async def test_object_id_no_friendly_name_no_mac_suffix(
         )
 
         # Hash should match device name
-        expected_hash = fnv1_hash_name("test-device")
+        expected_hash = fnv1_hash_object_id("test-device")
         assert entity.key == expected_hash, (
             f"Expected hash {expected_hash:#x}, got {entity.key:#x}"
         )
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_online_image_auto_detects_image_bmp_mime.py b/tests/integration/test_online_image_auto_detects_image_bmp_mime.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3d2f6afd95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/test_online_image_auto_detects_image_bmp_mime.py
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+"""Test that online_image AUTO format detection reads the Content-Type header."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+
+import pytest
+
+from .online_image_utils import (
+    LEN_BMP_IMAGE,
+    handle_http,
+    make_download_watcher,
+    wait_for_download,
+)
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_online_image_auto_detects_image_bmp_mime(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """AUTO format detection should honor the final response MIME type without explicit format."""
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+    http_request_future = loop.create_future()
+    server_error_future = loop.create_future()
+    download_finished_future = loop.create_future()
+    downloaded_bytes_future = loop.create_future()
+
+    check_output = make_download_watcher(
+        downloaded_bytes_future, download_finished_future
+    )
+
+    server = await asyncio.start_server(
+        handle_http(
+            http_request_future,
+            "image/bmp",
+            server_error_future=server_error_future,
+        ),
+        "127.0.0.1",
+        0,
+    )
+    http_server_port = server.sockets[0].getsockname()[1]
+
+    config = yaml_config.replace("HTTP_PORT", str(http_server_port))
+
+    async with (
+        server,
+        run_compiled(config, line_callback=check_output),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        device_info = await client.device_info()
+        assert device_info is not None
+        assert device_info.name == "online-image-bmp"
+
+        _, services = await client.list_entities_services()
+        request_service = next((s for s in services if s.name == "fetch_image"), None)
+        assert request_service is not None
+
+        await client.execute_service(request_service, {})
+
+        async with asyncio.timeout(0.1):
+            await http_request_future
+
+        async with asyncio.timeout(0.5):
+            numbytes = await wait_for_download(
+                downloaded_bytes_future, server_error_future
+            )
+            assert numbytes == LEN_BMP_IMAGE
+            await download_finished_future
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_online_image_auto_detects_redirected_image_bmp_mime.py b/tests/integration/test_online_image_auto_detects_redirected_image_bmp_mime.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3fe28ac413
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/test_online_image_auto_detects_redirected_image_bmp_mime.py
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+"""Test that AUTO format detection uses the final Content-Type after redirects."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+
+import pytest
+
+from .online_image_utils import (
+    LEN_BMP_IMAGE,
+    handle_http_redirect,
+    make_download_watcher,
+    wait_for_download,
+)
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_online_image_auto_detects_redirected_image_bmp_mime(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Redirect hops should not leave the 302 HTML Content-Type in place for the final image."""
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+    http_request_future = loop.create_future()
+    final_request_future = loop.create_future()
+    server_error_future = loop.create_future()
+    download_finished_future = loop.create_future()
+    downloaded_bytes_future = loop.create_future()
+
+    check_output = make_download_watcher(
+        downloaded_bytes_future, download_finished_future
+    )
+
+    port_holder = {}
+    server = await asyncio.start_server(
+        handle_http_redirect(
+            http_request_future, final_request_future, server_error_future, port_holder
+        ),
+        "127.0.0.1",
+        0,
+    )
+    port_holder["port"] = server.sockets[0].getsockname()[1]
+
+    config = yaml_config.replace("HTTP_PORT", str(port_holder["port"]))
+
+    async with (
+        server,
+        run_compiled(config, line_callback=check_output),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        device_info = await client.device_info()
+        assert device_info is not None
+        assert device_info.name == "online-image-bmp"
+
+        _, services = await client.list_entities_services()
+        request_service = next((s for s in services if s.name == "fetch_image"), None)
+        assert request_service is not None
+
+        await client.execute_service(request_service, {})
+
+        async with asyncio.timeout(0.1):
+            await http_request_future
+        async with asyncio.timeout(0.5):
+            await final_request_future
+            numbytes = await wait_for_download(
+                downloaded_bytes_future, server_error_future
+            )
+            assert numbytes == LEN_BMP_IMAGE
+            await download_finished_future
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_online_image_bmp.py b/tests/integration/test_online_image_bmp.py
index 7c32154fdd..871a97b753 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_online_image_bmp.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_online_image_bmp.py
@@ -1,62 +1,12 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import asyncio
-import re
 
 import pytest
 
+from .online_image_utils import LEN_BMP_IMAGE, handle_http, make_download_watcher
 from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
 
-# black 8x8 RGB BMP, generated with
-#   from PIL import Image
-#   from io import BytesIO
-#   b = BytesIO()
-#   img = Image.new("RGB", (8, 8))
-#   img.save(b, format="BMP")
-#   b.getvalue()
-BMP_IMAGE = b"BM\xf6\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x006\x00\x00\x00(\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x18\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xc0\x00\x00\x00\xc4\x0e\x00\x00\xc4\x0e\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
-LEN_BMP_IMAGE = len(BMP_IMAGE)
-
-
-def handle_http(http_request_future):
-    async def handler(reader, writer):
-        try:
-            async with asyncio.timeout(1.0):
-                data = await reader.readuntil(b"\r\n")
-
-            # ensure our request matches the expectation
-            expected_request = b"GET /foo.bmp HTTP/1.1\r\n"
-            assert data[: len(expected_request)] == expected_request
-
-            # consume rest of request
-            async with asyncio.timeout(1.0):
-                data = await reader.readuntil(b"\r\n\r\n")
-
-            http_request_future.set_result(True)
-
-            http_response = [
-                b"HTTP/1.1 200 OK",
-                b"Content-Length: %d" % LEN_BMP_IMAGE,
-                b"Content-Type: text/plain",
-                b"Connection: close",
-                b"",
-                b"",
-            ]
-            writer.write(b"\r\n".join(http_response))
-            await writer.drain()
-
-            writer.write(BMP_IMAGE)
-
-            await writer.drain()
-        except Exception as exc:
-            if not http_request_future.done():
-                http_request_future.set_exception(exc)
-            raise
-        finally:
-            writer.close()
-
-    return handler
-
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_online_image_bmp(
@@ -72,14 +22,9 @@ async def test_online_image_bmp(
     download_finished_future = loop.create_future()
     downloaded_bytes_future = loop.create_future()
 
-    def check_output(line: str) -> None:
-        """Check log output for expected messages."""
-
-        if match := re.search(r"Image fully downloaded, (\d+) bytes", line):
-            downloaded_bytes_future.set_result(int(match.group(1)))
-
-        if "download finished" in line:
-            download_finished_future.set_result(True)
+    check_output = make_download_watcher(
+        downloaded_bytes_future, download_finished_future
+    )
 
     server = await asyncio.start_server(
         handle_http(http_request_future), "127.0.0.1", 0
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_preference_key_migration.py b/tests/integration/test_preference_key_stability.py
similarity index 57%
rename from tests/integration/test_preference_key_migration.py
rename to tests/integration/test_preference_key_stability.py
index e7f699bb12..5704075746 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_preference_key_migration.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_preference_key_stability.py
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
-"""Integration test for entity preference key migration.
+"""Integration test for entity preference key stability.
 
-Entity keys are now the FNV-1 hash of the raw name instead of the sanitized
-object_id (https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/85). On key-lookup
-preference backends, make_entity_preference() must move data stored under the
-old key to the new key, so devices keep their restored state after upgrading.
+Entity preferences are stored under keys derived from the sanitized object_id
+hash. This test seeds the host preferences file the way existing firmware
+wrote it and verifies the state is restored, proving the key scheme has not
+drifted; a save and reload round trip cannot catch drift because it writes
+and reads with the same code.
 
-This test seeds the host preferences file the way a pre-migration firmware
-would have written it and verifies:
-1. Data stored under the OLD key is restored (migration happened, no data loss)
-2. Data already stored under the NEW key is never overwritten by old data
+The second run also seeds the raw-name-hash entries a 2026.8 beta device left
+behind (see https://github.com/esphome/esphome/pull/18361) and proves they are
+ignored: the object_id entries win and the beta leftovers are inert.
 """
 
 from __future__ import annotations
@@ -33,22 +33,23 @@ from .host_prefs import clear_host_prefs, write_host_prefs
 from .state_utils import InitialStateHelper, require_entity
 from .types import CompileFunction, ConfigWriter
 
-DEVICE_NAME = "host-pref-key-migration"
+DEVICE_NAME = "host-pref-key-stability"
 
-# The pre-migration preference key was the sanitized object_id hash; the new
-# key is the raw-name hash. All entities are on the main device (device_id 0)
-# and their preferences use no version salt, so the key is just the hash.
-SWITCH_OLD_KEY = fnv1_hash_object_id("Test Switch")
-SWITCH_NEW_KEY = fnv1_hash_name("Test Switch")
-NUMBER_OLD_KEY = fnv1_hash_object_id("Test Number")
-NUMBER_NEW_KEY = fnv1_hash_name("Test Number")
+# All entities are on the main device (device_id 0) and their preferences use
+# no version salt, so the key is just the object_id hash.
+SWITCH_KEY = fnv1_hash_object_id("Test Switch")
+NUMBER_KEY = fnv1_hash_object_id("Test Number")
+
+# Raw-name-hash keys as written by 2026.8 beta firmware; never read by this build
+SWITCH_BETA_KEY = fnv1_hash_name("Test Switch")
+NUMBER_BETA_KEY = fnv1_hash_name("Test Number")
 
 # template_text salts its key with the length limits and pattern hash; this must
 # match TemplateText::setup() in template_text.cpp (min_length 0, max_length 20,
 # no pattern configured)
 TEXT_KEY_EXTRA = (0 << 2) + (20 << 4) + (fnv1_hash("") << 6)
-TEXT_OLD_KEY = (fnv1_hash_object_id("Test Text") + TEXT_KEY_EXTRA) & 0xFFFFFFFF
-TEXT_NEW_KEY = (fnv1_hash_name("Test Text") + TEXT_KEY_EXTRA) & 0xFFFFFFFF
+TEXT_KEY = (fnv1_hash_object_id("Test Text") + TEXT_KEY_EXTRA) & 0xFFFFFFFF
+TEXT_BETA_KEY = (fnv1_hash_name("Test Text") + TEXT_KEY_EXTRA) & 0xFFFFFFFF
 
 # TextSaver<20> stores a length-prefixed buffer of max_length + 1 bytes
 TEXT_MAX_LENGTH = 20
@@ -62,18 +63,18 @@ def text_pref_payload(value: str) -> bytes:
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_preference_key_migration(
+async def test_preference_key_stability(
     yaml_config: str,
     write_yaml_config: ConfigWriter,
     compile_esphome: CompileFunction,
     reserved_tcp_port: tuple[int, socket.socket],
 ) -> None:
-    """Test that preferences stored under the old key survive the upgrade."""
+    """Test that preferences stored by earlier firmware are restored."""
     port, port_socket = reserved_tcp_port
 
-    assert SWITCH_OLD_KEY != SWITCH_NEW_KEY
-    assert NUMBER_OLD_KEY != NUMBER_NEW_KEY
-    assert TEXT_OLD_KEY != TEXT_NEW_KEY
+    assert SWITCH_KEY != SWITCH_BETA_KEY
+    assert NUMBER_KEY != NUMBER_BETA_KEY
+    assert TEXT_KEY != TEXT_BETA_KEY
 
     # Write and compile once
     config_path = await write_yaml_config(yaml_config)
@@ -117,49 +118,51 @@ async def test_preference_key_migration(
             return switch_state, number_state, text_state
 
     try:
-        # --- Run 1: only OLD keys present, as written by pre-migration firmware.
-        # The restored states prove the data was migrated to the new keys.
+        # --- Run 1: entries under the object_id-hash keys, exactly as any
+        # earlier firmware wrote them. The restored states prove the key
+        # scheme has not drifted.
         write_host_prefs(
             DEVICE_NAME,
             {
-                SWITCH_OLD_KEY: b"\x01",  # bool: switch was ON
-                NUMBER_OLD_KEY: struct.pack("<f", 42.5),
-                TEXT_OLD_KEY: text_pref_payload("hello"),
+                SWITCH_KEY: b"\x01",  # bool: switch was ON
+                NUMBER_KEY: struct.pack("<f", 42.5),
+                TEXT_KEY: text_pref_payload("hello"),
             },
         )
         switch_state, number_state, text_state = await boot_and_get_initial_states()
         assert switch_state.state is True, (
-            "Switch state stored under the old preference key was lost"
+            "Switch state stored under the object_id preference key was lost"
         )
         assert number_state.state == 42.5, (
-            "Number value stored under the old preference key was lost"
+            "Number value stored under the object_id preference key was lost"
         )
         assert text_state.state == "hello", (
-            "Text value stored under the old preference key was lost"
+            "Text value stored under the object_id preference key was lost"
         )
 
-        # --- Run 2: both keys present with different values. The NEW key holds
-        # the current data and must win; stale old-key data must never clobber it.
+        # --- Run 2: raw-name-hash entries from a 2026.8 beta device present
+        # alongside the object_id entries. The object_id data must win; the
+        # beta entries are never read.
         write_host_prefs(
             DEVICE_NAME,
             {
-                SWITCH_OLD_KEY: b"\x00",  # stale: OFF
-                SWITCH_NEW_KEY: b"\x01",  # current: ON
-                NUMBER_OLD_KEY: struct.pack("<f", 42.5),  # stale
-                NUMBER_NEW_KEY: struct.pack("<f", 13.5),  # current
-                TEXT_OLD_KEY: text_pref_payload("hello"),  # stale
-                TEXT_NEW_KEY: text_pref_payload("world"),  # current
+                SWITCH_KEY: b"\x01",  # current: ON
+                SWITCH_BETA_KEY: b"\x00",  # beta leftover: OFF
+                NUMBER_KEY: struct.pack("<f", 13.5),  # current
+                NUMBER_BETA_KEY: struct.pack("<f", 99.5),  # beta leftover
+                TEXT_KEY: text_pref_payload("world"),  # current
+                TEXT_BETA_KEY: text_pref_payload("ignored"),  # beta leftover
             },
         )
         switch_state, number_state, text_state = await boot_and_get_initial_states()
         assert switch_state.state is True, (
-            "Stale old-key data overwrote the current new-key switch state"
+            "Beta raw-name-key data overrode the object_id switch state"
         )
         assert number_state.state == 13.5, (
-            "Stale old-key data overwrote the current new-key number value"
+            "Beta raw-name-key data overrode the object_id number value"
         )
         assert text_state.state == "world", (
-            "Stale old-key data overwrote the current new-key text value"
+            "Beta raw-name-key data overrode the object_id text value"
         )
     finally:
         clear_host_prefs(DEVICE_NAME)
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_sensor_filters_delta.py b/tests/integration/test_sensor_filters_delta.py
index 9d0114e0c4..af8f314f49 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_sensor_filters_delta.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_sensor_filters_delta.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import asyncio
+import math
 
 from aioesphomeapi import ButtonInfo, EntityState, SensorState
 import pytest
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ async def test_sensor_filters_delta(
         "filter_baseline_max": [],
         "filter_zero_delta": [],
         "filter_percentage": [],
+        "filter_nan": [],
     }
 
     filter_min_done = loop.create_future()
@@ -32,16 +34,23 @@ async def test_sensor_filters_delta(
     filter_baseline_max_done = loop.create_future()
     filter_zero_delta_done = loop.create_future()
     filter_percentage_done = loop.create_future()
+    filter_nan_done = loop.create_future()
 
     def on_state(state: EntityState) -> None:
-        if not isinstance(state, SensorState) or state.missing_state:
+        if not isinstance(state, SensorState):
             return
 
         sensor_name = key_to_sensor.get(state.key)
         if sensor_name not in sensor_values:
             return
 
-        sensor_values[sensor_name].append(state.state)
+        if state.missing_state:
+            # Only the NaN test is interested in unavailable states
+            if sensor_name != "filter_nan":
+                return
+            sensor_values[sensor_name].append(math.nan)
+        else:
+            sensor_values[sensor_name].append(state.state)
 
         # Check completion conditions
         if (
@@ -74,6 +83,12 @@ async def test_sensor_filters_delta(
             and not filter_percentage_done.done()
         ):
             filter_percentage_done.set_result(True)
+        elif (
+            sensor_name == "filter_nan"
+            and len(sensor_values[sensor_name]) == 3
+            and not filter_nan_done.done()
+        ):
+            filter_nan_done.set_result(True)
 
     async with (
         run_compiled(yaml_config),
@@ -89,6 +104,7 @@ async def test_sensor_filters_delta(
                 "filter_baseline_max": "Filter Baseline Max",
                 "filter_zero_delta": "Filter Zero Delta",
                 "filter_percentage": "Filter Percentage",
+                "filter_nan": "Filter NaN",
             },
         )
 
@@ -108,13 +124,14 @@ async def test_sensor_filters_delta(
             "Test Filter Baseline Max": "filter_baseline_max",
             "Test Filter Zero Delta": "filter_zero_delta",
             "Test Filter Percentage": "filter_percentage",
+            "Test Filter NaN": "filter_nan",
         }
         buttons = {}
         for entity in entities:
             if isinstance(entity, ButtonInfo) and entity.name in button_name_map:
                 buttons[button_name_map[entity.name]] = entity.key
 
-        assert len(buttons) == 5, f"Expected 5 buttons, found {len(buttons)}"
+        assert len(buttons) == 6, f"Expected 6 buttons, found {len(buttons)}"
 
         # Test 1: Min
         sensor_values["filter_min"].clear()
@@ -186,3 +203,18 @@ async def test_sensor_filters_delta(
         assert sensor_values["filter_percentage"] == pytest.approx(expected), (
             f"Test 5 failed: expected {expected}, got {sensor_values['filter_percentage']}"
         )
+
+        # Test 6: NaN passes through once, then is suppressed
+        sensor_values["filter_nan"].clear()
+        client.button_command(buttons["filter_nan"])
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(filter_nan_done, timeout=2.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail(f"Test 6 timed out. Values: {sensor_values['filter_nan']}")
+
+        values = sensor_values["filter_nan"]
+        assert values[0] == pytest.approx(1.0), f"Test 6 failed: got {values}"
+        assert math.isnan(values[1]), (
+            f"Test 6 failed: NaN not passed through, got {values}"
+        )
+        assert values[2] == pytest.approx(2.0), f"Test 6 failed: got {values}"
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_modbus.py b/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_modbus.py
index bf163665f2..864275f5ed 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_modbus.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_modbus.py
@@ -21,10 +21,10 @@ import asyncio
 from collections.abc import Callable
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 
-from aioesphomeapi import ButtonInfo, NumberInfo
+from aioesphomeapi import ButtonInfo, NumberInfo, SwitchInfo, TextSensorState
 import pytest
 
-from .state_utils import SensorTracker, find_entity
+from .state_utils import SensorTracker, find_entity, wait_for_state
 from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
 
 
@@ -203,6 +203,99 @@ async def test_uart_mock_modbus_server(
         _assert_no_modbus_errors(error_log_lines, warning_log_lines)
 
 
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_uart_mock_modbus_server_read_write(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test modbus server FC 0x17 (read/write multiple registers).
+
+    Injects raw 0x17 request frames and checks the round-trip through the
+    server's read_lambda/write_lambda, independent of how the hub dispatches
+    0x17 internally:
+      * one request writes reg 0x01 then reads regs 0x01+0x02 -- reg 0x01 reads
+        back the just-written value (the write happens before the read per
+        Modbus 6.17), and the second register is returned by the same
+        multi-register read;
+      * a second request writes and reads a different register block.
+    """
+
+    line_callback, error_log_lines, warning_log_lines = _make_modbus_line_callback()
+
+    tracker = SensorTracker(
+        ["rw_write_1", "rw_read_1", "rw_read_2", "rw_write_3", "rw_read_3"]
+    )
+    futures = tracker.expect_all(
+        {
+            "rw_write_1": 4660,  # 0x1234 written to reg 0x0001
+            "rw_read_1": 4660,  # reg 0x0001 reads back the just-written value
+            "rw_read_2": 170,  # 0x00AA read from reg 0x0002 in the same request
+            "rw_write_3": 22136,  # 0x5678 written to reg 0x0003
+            "rw_read_3": 22136,  # reg 0x0003 reads back the just-written value
+        }
+    )
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=line_callback),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        await tracker.setup_and_start_scenario(client)
+        await tracker.await_all(futures)
+        _assert_no_modbus_errors(error_log_lines, warning_log_lines)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_uart_mock_modbus_server_read_write_invalid(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test modbus server FC 0x17 invalid-frame handling.
+
+    Injects a well-formed (valid CRC) 0x17 request whose write byte count (2)
+    does not match 2x the write quantity (2 registers need 4 bytes), so the hub
+    must reject it with ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE before touching any register. A valid
+    read is injected right after as a processing marker.
+
+    The invalid frame is verified via bus-level signals rather than the reply
+    frame on the wire: the mock UART cannot observe the server's TX reliably on
+    the host platform (the server's transmission is gated by a millis()-based tx
+    delay), so instead we assert the request is rejected exactly once and never
+    applied to a register.
+    """
+
+    line_callback, error_log_lines, warning_log_lines = _make_modbus_line_callback()
+
+    tracker = SensorTracker(["write_seen", "probe"])
+    probe_seen = tracker.expect("probe", 1)
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=line_callback),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        await tracker.setup_and_start_scenario(client)
+        # The probe read is injected after the malformed frame, so once it fires
+        # the malformed frame has already been processed.
+        await tracker.await_change(probe_seen, "probe")
+
+    # Exactly one bus-level rejection for the malformed frame (no cascade)...
+    invalid_warnings = [
+        line for line in warning_log_lines if "Invalid number of registers" in line
+    ]
+    assert len(invalid_warnings) == 1, (
+        "Expected exactly one invalid-frame rejection, got warnings:\n"
+        + "\n".join(warning_log_lines)
+    )
+    assert len(error_log_lines) == 0, (
+        "Expected no modbus errors, but got:\n" + "\n".join(error_log_lines)
+    )
+    # ...and the rejected write is never applied to the target register.
+    assert not tracker.sensor_states["write_seen"], (
+        f"malformed 0x17 must not write, but write_seen fired: {tracker.sensor_states['write_seen']}"
+    )
+
+
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_uart_mock_modbus_server_controller(
     yaml_config: str,
@@ -237,7 +330,10 @@ async def test_uart_mock_modbus_server_controller(
         run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=line_callback),
         api_client_connected() as client,
     ):
-        await tracker.setup_and_start_scenario(client)
+        # The controller polls from boot, so the first values can already be in
+        # the states the device sends on connect; matching them there saves
+        # waiting for the next poll
+        await tracker.setup_and_start_scenario(client, match_initial_states=True)
         await tracker.await_all(futures)
         _assert_no_modbus_errors(error_log_lines, warning_log_lines)
 
@@ -299,7 +395,12 @@ async def test_uart_mock_modbus_server_controller_write(
         run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=line_callback),
         api_client_connected() as client,
     ):
-        entities = await tracker.setup_and_start_scenario(client)
+        # The controller polls from boot, so the baseline can already be in the
+        # states the device sends on connect; matching it there saves waiting for
+        # the next poll
+        entities = await tracker.setup_and_start_scenario(
+            client, match_initial_states=True
+        )
 
         # Wait for initial baseline values to confirm the controller <-> server
         # connection is working before issuing writes
@@ -318,6 +419,72 @@ async def test_uart_mock_modbus_server_controller_write(
         _assert_no_modbus_errors(error_log_lines, warning_log_lines)
 
 
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_uart_mock_modbus_server_controller_bits(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test coil/discrete-input round trips between controller and server bits.
+
+    The server serves four bits from one shared table. The controller reads
+    each of them both as a coil (FC 0x01) and as a discrete input (FC 0x02),
+    so the two views must always agree. Two bits are then written back, one
+    via the single-coil write (FC 0x05) and one via the multiple-coils write
+    (FC 0x0F), and the new values must show up in both read views.
+    """
+
+    line_callback, error_log_lines, warning_log_lines = _make_modbus_line_callback()
+
+    initial_values = {
+        "bit_coil_0": True,
+        "bit_coil_1": False,
+        "bit_coil_2": False,
+        "bit_coil_3": True,
+        "bit_di_0": True,
+        "bit_di_1": False,
+        "bit_di_2": False,
+        "bit_di_3": True,
+    }
+    tracker = SensorTracker(list(initial_values.keys()))
+
+    # Phase 1: expect initial baseline values in both read views
+    initial_futures = tracker.expect_all(initial_values)
+    # Phase 2: expect post-write values (registered now so on_state can match them)
+    written_futures = tracker.expect_all(
+        {
+            "bit_coil_2": True,
+            "bit_di_2": True,
+            "bit_coil_3": False,
+            "bit_di_3": False,
+        }
+    )
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=line_callback),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        # The controller polls from boot and binary sensors drop repeats, so the
+        # baseline can arrive only in the states the device sends on connect
+        entities = await tracker.setup_and_start_scenario(
+            client, match_initial_states=True
+        )
+
+        # Wait for initial baseline values to confirm the controller <-> server
+        # connection is working before issuing writes
+        await tracker.await_all(initial_futures, timeout=4.0)
+
+        # Flip both writable bits: 0x02 false -> true, 0x03 true -> false
+        for switch_name, value in (("write_bit_2", True), ("write_bit_3", False)):
+            entity = find_entity(entities, switch_name, SwitchInfo)
+            assert entity is not None, f"{switch_name} switch entity not found"
+            client.switch_command(entity.key, value)
+
+        # Wait for both read views to reflect the written values
+        await tracker.await_all(written_futures, timeout=4.0)
+        _assert_no_modbus_errors(error_log_lines, warning_log_lines)
+
+
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_uart_mock_modbus_server_controller_multiple(
     yaml_config: str,
@@ -336,11 +503,67 @@ async def test_uart_mock_modbus_server_controller_multiple(
         run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=line_callback),
         api_client_connected() as client,
     ):
-        await tracker.setup_and_start_scenario(client)
+        # The controller polls from boot, so the first values can already be in
+        # the states the device sends on connect; matching them there saves
+        # waiting for the next poll
+        await tracker.setup_and_start_scenario(client, match_initial_states=True)
         await tracker.await_all(futures)
         _assert_no_modbus_errors(error_log_lines, warning_log_lines)
 
 
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_uart_mock_modbus_client_typed(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test the typed modbus_client actions end to end (each action its own hub device).
+
+    Start Scenario fires three typed actions: write_single_register puts 777 in server register 0x10 (the
+    ack fires on_response -> ack_flag); read_holding_registers reads it back,
+    with the reply decoded by the shared device dispatch into host-order words (values[0] -> typed_value);
+    a read of unserved register 0x99 resolves via on_error with the device's exception code
+    (ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS = 2 -> error_code); a coil read of the register-only server resolves via
+    on_error with ILLEGAL_FUNCTION (= 1 -> coil_error_code) - the server maps no bits, so it does not
+    implement the coil function - proving the bit-read request and typed error delivery. A multi-register
+    write (fc 0x10) lands on registers 0x11/0x12 with the read-back of 0x12 chained inside its ack handler
+    (-> multi_value = 222); a multi-coil write likewise draws ILLEGAL_FUNCTION from the register-only server
+    (-> multi_coil_error = 1). A read whose count lambda returns 0 at runtime
+    builds an empty (rejected) PDU, is refused at the hub door, and resolves via on_not_sent
+    (-> not_sent_flag).
+    """
+
+    tracker = SensorTracker(
+        [
+            "typed_value",
+            "ack_flag",
+            "error_code",
+            "coil_error_code",
+            "multi_value",
+            "multi_coil_error",
+            "not_sent_flag",
+        ]
+    )
+    futures = tracker.expect_all(
+        {
+            "typed_value": 777,
+            "ack_flag": 1,
+            "error_code": 2,
+            "coil_error_code": 1,
+            "multi_value": 222,
+            "multi_coil_error": 1,
+            "not_sent_flag": 1,
+        }
+    )
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        await tracker.setup_and_start_scenario(client)
+        await tracker.await_all(futures)
+
+
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_uart_mock_modbus_client_inline(
     yaml_config: str,
@@ -452,9 +675,7 @@ async def test_uart_mock_modbus_shared_address(
     wide sensor's span keep polling separately, and that the sensor at the span's tail address does not
     anchor a re-use join on a mid-range predecessor (which would make it decode that sensor's bytes).
 
-    A sensor at 0x201 carrying skip_updates sits inside a widened shared-address range at 0x200 but
-    keeps its own range, so polling rates stay independent; folding it in would also make it decode
-    0x201 out of the shared response (2) instead of its own poll (777).
+    A word and a dword sharing 0x200 widen that range to two registers and both decode from the one read.
     """
 
     line_callback, error_log_lines, warning_log_lines = _make_modbus_line_callback()
@@ -470,9 +691,8 @@ async def test_uart_mock_modbus_shared_address(
         "wide_qword": 100,
         "inside_wide": 321,
         "tail_of_wide": 421,
-        "rate_word": 321,
-        "rate_dword": pytest.approx(21037058),
-        "own_rate": 777,
+        "widen_word": 321,
+        "widen_dword": pytest.approx(21037058),
     }
     tracker = SensorTracker(list(expected_values.keys()))
     futures = tracker.expect_all(expected_values)
@@ -487,18 +707,18 @@ async def test_uart_mock_modbus_shared_address(
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_uart_mock_modbus_custom_command(
+async def test_uart_mock_modbus_custom_pdu(
     yaml_config: str,
     run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
     api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
 ) -> None:
-    """Test a custom_command sensor polling a register served by the mock server.
+    """Test a custom_pdu sensor reading a register served by the mock server.
 
-    The custom_command is a raw frame (device address + PDU); the hub appends the CRC and
-    routes the response back to the polling command, whose sensor lambda parses the payload.
-    Guards the custom polling wiring: the command must reference the sensor's custom_data and
-    decode the real function code, or nothing is ever transmitted. A plain read on the same
-    register anchors the bus.
+    The custom_pdu is a raw read-holding PDU (function code + address + count); the
+    controller prepends its own device address and appends the CRC, sends it, and the
+    sensor's lambda parses the response payload. Confirms the custom PDU path decodes
+    the function code and routes the response to the sensor (the gap that hid the
+    step-2 raw-vs-PDU bug). A plain read on the same register anchors the bus.
     """
 
     line_callback, error_log_lines, warning_log_lines = _make_modbus_line_callback()
@@ -516,6 +736,68 @@ async def test_uart_mock_modbus_custom_command(
         _assert_no_modbus_errors(error_log_lines, warning_log_lines)
 
 
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_uart_mock_modbus_continuous(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test that `continuous: true` polls faster than the update_interval.
+
+    The controller's update_interval is 30s, so without continuous polling only the boot poll would
+    run during the short test window. With continuous the read is re-queued after each success, filling
+    idle bus time, so many reads arrive. The server returns an incrementing counter, so every read is a
+    distinct published state the tracker can count. (Bus warnings are not asserted here: continuous
+    polling deliberately saturates the bus, so the occasional timing hiccup is expected and off-topic;
+    the other tests cover clean operation at normal poll rates.)
+    """
+
+    tracker = SensorTracker(["continuous_reg"])
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        # setup_and_start_scenario presses the Start Scenario button, whose on_press triggers the
+        # controller's first update(). With continuous that one read re-queues and streams; without it
+        # the next poll would not run until the 30s update_interval elapses.
+        entities = await tracker.setup_and_start_scenario(client)
+        # Count reads over a window far shorter than the update_interval. Absent continuous polling we
+        # would see ~1 (the triggered poll); continuous re-queues, so the bus fills with reads.
+        await asyncio.sleep(3.0)
+        reads = len(tracker.sensor_states["continuous_reg"])
+        assert reads >= 5, (
+            "expected many continuous reads within the window (update_interval is 30s, so absent "
+            f"continuous polling we would see ~1), got {reads}"
+        )
+
+        # Recovery path: a live continuous poll that starts failing goes offline, and the next update()
+        # re-arms it once the device answers again. Silence the server so the poll's reads time out; with
+        # max_cmd_retries=1 and send_wait_time=100ms the device trips offline quickly and streaming stops.
+        silence = find_entity(entities, "silence_server", SwitchInfo)
+        assert silence is not None, "Silence Server switch not found"
+        start = find_entity(entities, "start_scenario", ButtonInfo)
+        assert start is not None, "Start Scenario button not found"
+
+        client.switch_command(silence.key, True)
+        await asyncio.sleep(1.0)  # let the poll fail and the device trip offline
+        plateau = len(tracker.sensor_states["continuous_reg"])
+        await asyncio.sleep(1.0)  # offline: no polls should land
+        assert len(tracker.sensor_states["continuous_reg"]) == plateau, (
+            "reads kept arriving after the server was silenced - the failed continuous poll did not stop"
+        )
+
+        # Answer again and trigger update(): the offline probe recovers the device and the continuous
+        # poll re-arms, so streaming resumes.
+        client.switch_command(silence.key, False)
+        client.button_command(start.key)
+        await asyncio.sleep(3.0)
+        resumed = len(tracker.sensor_states["continuous_reg"]) - plateau
+        assert resumed >= 5, (
+            f"continuous polling did not resume after the device recovered (got {resumed} new reads)"
+        )
+
+
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_uart_mock_modbus_offline(
     yaml_config: str,
@@ -531,9 +813,8 @@ async def test_uart_mock_modbus_offline(
     publishes. This pins the pooled non-response counter, can_send() gating, the
     offline retry cadence, and recovery - none of which the responding-path tests touch.
 
-    The fixture gives offline_skip_updates and the sensor's skip_updates the same period
-    on purpose: offline probing must follow the offline cadence alone, since requiring
-    both cadences to coincide leaves phase combinations where no probe ever goes out.
+    Offline probing follows the offline cadence alone; regular every-update polling
+    resumes once the device answers again.
     """
 
     tracker = SensorTracker(["link_state", "reg"])
@@ -611,3 +892,344 @@ async def test_uart_mock_modbus_fairness(
             f"controllers did not get a fair share of the bus: "
             f"controller 1 issued {count_1}, controller 2 issued {count_2}"
         )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_uart_mock_modbus_broadcast_write(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """A client broadcast write (address 0) reaches every server and costs no timeout.
+
+    The scenario button sends a broadcast single-register write of 777 to register
+    0x10; both servers must apply it. The client's normal polling sensor must keep
+    updating, and no modbus warnings may appear - the pre-broadcast-support behavior
+    parked the frame in the waiting slot until the send-wait timeout, which surfaced
+    here as 'Stop waiting for response' warnings and a stalled poll.
+    """
+    line_callback, error_log_lines, warning_log_lines = _make_modbus_line_callback()
+
+    tracker = SensorTracker(
+        ["reg_u_word", "srv1_written", "srv2_written", "broadcast_accepted"]
+    )
+    poll_before = tracker.expect("reg_u_word", 919)
+    written = tracker.expect_all({"srv1_written": 777, "srv2_written": 777})
+    # queue_pdu() must accept the broadcast into the machine (return true), the answer this PR adds.
+    accepted = tracker.expect("broadcast_accepted", 1)
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=line_callback),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        await tracker.setup_and_start_scenario(client)
+        await tracker.await_change(accepted, "broadcast_accepted")
+        await tracker.await_change(poll_before, "reg_u_word")
+        await tracker.await_all(written)
+        # Polling must continue after the broadcast (a burned timeout stalls it).
+        poll_after = tracker.expect("reg_u_word", 919)
+        await tracker.await_change(poll_after, "reg_u_word", timeout=3.0)
+        _assert_no_modbus_errors(error_log_lines, warning_log_lines)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_uart_mock_modbus_client_read_write(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """A modbus_client.read_write_multiple_registers action (FC 0x17) drives a server end to end.
+
+    The client writes reg 0x0001 = 0x1234 and reads regs 0x0001..0x0002 in one transaction; the server
+    applies the write first (Modbus 6.17). The test confirms both ends: the server's write_lambda ran
+    (srv_write_1) and the read half came back to the client's on_response (client_read_0 = the
+    just-written 0x1234, client_read_1 = the read-only 0x00AA).
+    """
+    line_callback, error_log_lines, warning_log_lines = _make_modbus_line_callback()
+
+    tracker = SensorTracker(
+        ["srv_write_1", "srv_read_1", "client_read_0", "client_read_1"]
+    )
+    futures = tracker.expect_all(
+        {
+            "srv_write_1": 4660,  # server wrote 0x1234 to reg 0x0001
+            "client_read_0": 4660,  # client read reg 0x0001 back as the just-written 0x1234
+            "client_read_1": 170,  # client read reg 0x0002 (0x00AA) in the same request
+        }
+    )
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=line_callback),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        await tracker.setup_and_start_scenario(client)
+        await tracker.await_all(futures)
+        _assert_no_modbus_errors(error_log_lines, warning_log_lines)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_uart_mock_modbus_register_offset(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test that a byte offset on a holding-register write is byte-accurate.
+
+    `offset` is a byte offset, so a holding-register write at address 0x10 with offset: 2 must target
+    register 0x10 + 2/2 = 0x11. The pre-fix behavior folded the byte offset into the address as a register
+    count (0x10 + 2 = 0x12). The switch is assumed_state (write-only), so reg_11 turning 0xFFFF pins the
+    fix; had the write landed on 0x12 the wait would time out and reg_12 would change instead.
+    """
+
+    tracker = SensorTracker(["reg_10", "reg_11", "reg_12"])
+    initial = tracker.expect_all({"reg_10": 100, "reg_11": 200, "reg_12": 300})
+    wrote_11 = tracker.expect("reg_11", 65535)
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        entities = await tracker.setup_and_start_scenario(client)
+        await tracker.await_all(initial, timeout=4.0)
+
+        switch = find_entity(entities, "offset_switch", SwitchInfo)
+        assert switch is not None, "offset_switch not found"
+        client.switch_command(switch.key, True)
+
+        # reg_11 (0x10 + offset 2/2) must receive the write; if the write went to 0x12 this times out.
+        await tracker.await_change(wrote_11, "reg_11", timeout=4.0)
+        # And 0x12 (the pre-fix register-offset target) must be untouched.
+        assert tracker.sensor_states["reg_12"][-1] == 300, (
+            "reg_12 (0x12) should be untouched - offset is byte-based, so the write targets 0x11; "
+            f"got {tracker.sensor_states['reg_12']}"
+        )
+
+        # Read path: read_offset_switch has byte offset 6. Post-fix the switch folds the whole registers
+        # into its address (0x10 + 6/2 = 0x13, residual byte 0) and joins the 0x10..0x13 range, so the
+        # read lands in-bounds on 0xABCD (bit 0 set) -> ON. Pre-fix the whole byte offset folded into the
+        # address (0x16); the server answers ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS there and the switch never publishes.
+        read_switch = find_entity(entities, "read_offset_switch", SwitchInfo)
+        assert read_switch is not None, "read_offset_switch not found"
+        # The ON transition happened at the first poll and switch states are deduped, so this relies on
+        # wait_for_state's fresh subscribe_states re-dumping every entity's current state.
+        await wait_for_state(
+            client,
+            lambda s: (
+                getattr(s, "key", None) == read_switch.key
+                and getattr(s, "state", None) is True
+            ),
+            timeout=6.0,
+        )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_uart_mock_modbus_lambda_write(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test a write_lambda that drives the write through the entity itself (item is the command).
+
+    `cross_switch` is a coil-type switch whose write_lambda ignores its own type and calls
+    item->write_single_register(0x30, ...) - a register write issued from a coil entity. The lambda
+    returns an empty optional, so the write path detects the lambda already dispatched a frame and does
+    not fall back to the default coil write. Success is reg_30 reading back the value the lambda wrote,
+    which proves both the new item->write_* path and cross-type flexibility.
+    """
+
+    tracker = SensorTracker(["reg_30"])
+    initial = tracker.expect("reg_30", 0)
+    wrote_30 = tracker.expect("reg_30", 1234)
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        entities = await tracker.setup_and_start_scenario(client)
+        await tracker.await_change(initial, "reg_30", timeout=4.0)
+
+        switch = find_entity(entities, "cross_switch", SwitchInfo)
+        assert switch is not None, "cross_switch not found"
+        client.switch_command(switch.key, True)
+
+        # The coil switch's lambda wrote register 0x30 via item->write_single_register(); reg_30 must
+        # read back 1234. If the entity-as-command dispatch were broken, no register write would go out
+        # and this would time out.
+        await tracker.await_change(wrote_30, "reg_30", timeout=4.0)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_uart_mock_modbus_lambda_invert(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test that a write_lambda's return value is the wire value only.
+
+    `invert_switch` is an active-low holding switch whose write_lambda returns !x. Turning it ON must
+    write 0x0000 to the register (observed through the independent reg_40 sensor) while the entity
+    reports ON - the requested state, not the inverted wire value. Turning it OFF writes 0xFFFF and
+    reports OFF. The switch is assumed_state, so the published state comes only from write_state().
+    """
+
+    tracker = SensorTracker(["reg_40"])
+    initial = tracker.expect("reg_40", 5)
+    wrote_on = tracker.expect("reg_40", 0)
+    wrote_off = tracker.expect("reg_40", 65535)
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        entities = await tracker.setup_and_start_scenario(client)
+        await tracker.await_change(initial, "reg_40", timeout=4.0)
+
+        switch = find_entity(entities, "invert_switch", SwitchInfo)
+        assert switch is not None, "invert_switch not found"
+
+        client.switch_command(switch.key, True)
+        # The wire byte carries the inverted value...
+        await tracker.await_change(wrote_on, "reg_40", timeout=4.0)
+        # ...while the entity reports the requested state. Switch states are deduped, so this relies on
+        # wait_for_state's fresh subscribe_states re-dumping every entity's current state.
+        await wait_for_state(
+            client,
+            lambda s: (
+                getattr(s, "key", None) == switch.key
+                and getattr(s, "state", None) is True
+            ),
+            timeout=6.0,
+        )
+
+        client.switch_command(switch.key, False)
+        await tracker.await_change(wrote_off, "reg_40", timeout=4.0)
+        await wait_for_state(
+            client,
+            lambda s: (
+                getattr(s, "key", None) == switch.key
+                and getattr(s, "state", None) is False
+            ),
+            timeout=6.0,
+        )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_uart_mock_modbus_deprecated_write_buffer(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test the deprecated write_lambda buffer path still works, and warns once per entity.
+
+    buf_number's write_lambda fills the old `payload` buffer with a legacy raw frame as words (device
+    address + function code + data) and returns {} instead of calling item->write_*. Both writes must
+    land - a filled buffer is sent, as the docs have always described - and the one-time deprecation
+    warning must fire exactly once per entity regardless of how many writes happen.
+    """
+
+    warn_count = 0
+
+    def line_callback(line: str) -> None:
+        nonlocal warn_count
+        if "write_lambda buffer" in line:
+            warn_count += 1
+
+    tracker = SensorTracker(["written_value"])
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=line_callback),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        entities = await tracker.setup_and_start_scenario(client)
+        number = find_entity(entities, "buf_number", NumberInfo)
+        assert number is not None, "buf_number not found"
+
+        # First write via the deprecated buffer path.
+        client.number_command(number.key, 111)
+        await tracker.await_change(
+            tracker.expect("written_value", 111), "written_value", timeout=4.0
+        )
+        # Second write: lands too, but must not warn again (warn-once per entity).
+        client.number_command(number.key, 222)
+        await tracker.await_change(
+            tracker.expect("written_value", 222), "written_value", timeout=4.0
+        )
+
+    assert warn_count == 1, (
+        f"deprecation warning should fire exactly once per entity, got {warn_count}"
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_uart_mock_modbus_ranges(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Wire-level test of the range builder's reuse_previous_range semantics.
+
+    Every expect_tx in the fixture pins the exact read request the controller emits, so a
+    wrongly merged or split range fails on the mock before any value arrives. Covers: auto
+    adjacency merging, auto gap splitting, reuse:true bridging a gap (with correct data
+    offsets past the gap), reuse:false splitting adjacent registers while staying open for
+    later auto items, two sensors sharing one register, a text block read sized by
+    response_size with a following word, response_size surplus shifting a later reuse:true
+    sensor's bytes while an auto sensor refuses to join past the surplus, and a RAW block
+    read of ceil(response_size / 2) registers.
+    """
+
+    line_callback, error_log_lines, warning_log_lines = _make_modbus_line_callback()
+
+    expected_values = {
+        "adjacent_a": 1,
+        "adjacent_b": 2,
+        "adjacent_c": 3,
+        "gap_a": 4,
+        "gap_b": 5,
+        "bridge_a": 6,
+        "bridge_b": 9,
+        "split_a": 10,
+        "split_b": 11,
+        "open_prev": 12,
+        "open_never": 13,
+        "open_tagalong": 14,
+        "shared_lo": 0x34,
+        "shared_hi": 0x12,
+        "after_text": 15,
+        "surplus": 16,
+        "after_surplus": 17,
+        "surplus_split": 24,
+        "after_surplus_split": 25,
+        "raw_block": 8,  # the RAW lambda publishes data.size(): 4 registers = 8 bytes
+    }
+    tracker = SensorTracker(list(expected_values.keys()))
+    futures = tracker.expect_all(expected_values)
+
+    # The tracker only handles numeric sensors; capture the text block separately.
+    text_future: asyncio.Future = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_future()
+    tracker_on_state = tracker.on_state
+
+    def on_state(state) -> None:
+        if (
+            isinstance(state, TextSensorState)
+            and not state.missing_state
+            and state.state == "ABCDEF"
+            and not text_future.done()
+        ):
+            text_future.set_result(True)
+        tracker_on_state(state)
+
+    tracker.on_state = on_state
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=line_callback),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        await tracker.setup_and_start_scenario(client)
+        await tracker.await_all(futures)
+        # text_block is not tracker-registered (non-numeric), so time out explicitly.
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(text_future, timeout=5.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail("text_block never published 'ABCDEF'")
+        _assert_no_modbus_errors(error_log_lines, warning_log_lines)
diff --git a/tests/script/test_build_language_schema.py b/tests/script/test_build_language_schema.py
index 8bbaa2773a..f3d4bbcba6 100644
--- a/tests/script/test_build_language_schema.py
+++ b/tests/script/test_build_language_schema.py
@@ -3,11 +3,13 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import ast
+from collections.abc import Callable
 import importlib.util
 import json
 from pathlib import Path
 import subprocess
 import sys
+from typing import Any
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -205,6 +207,47 @@ def test_convert_keys_no_marker_for_non_sensitive_field() -> None:
     assert "sensitive_source" not in entry
 
 
+def _wildcard_validator(value: Any) -> Any:
+    return value
+
+
+def test_convert_keys_marker_wrapped_callable_key_normalizes() -> None:
+    converted: dict = {}
+    _bls.convert_keys(converted, {cv.Optional(_wildcard_validator): cv.string}, "/root")
+
+    config_vars = converted["schema"]["config_vars"]
+    assert set(config_vars) == {"string"}
+    assert config_vars["string"]["key"] == "Optional"
+    assert config_vars["string"]["key_type"] == "_wildcard_validator"
+
+
+def test_convert_keys_marker_wrapped_callable_beside_fixed_keys() -> None:
+    converted: dict = {}
+    _bls.convert_keys(
+        converted,
+        {cv.Required("id"): cv.string, cv.Optional(_wildcard_validator): cv.string},
+        "/root",
+    )
+
+    assert set(converted["schema"]["config_vars"]) == {"id", "string"}
+
+
+def test_convert_keys_bare_callable_dotted_qualname() -> None:
+    def make_validator() -> Callable[[Any], Any]:
+        def validator(value: Any) -> Any:
+            return value
+
+        return validator
+
+    converted: dict = {}
+    _bls.convert_keys(converted, {make_validator(): cv.string}, "/root")
+
+    assert converted["key"] == "String"
+    assert converted["key_type"].endswith("make_validator.<locals>.validator")
+    assert "at 0x" not in converted["key_type"]
+    assert set(converted["schema"]["config_vars"]) == {"string"}
+
+
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Regression tests for the lvgl schema dump.
 #
diff --git a/tests/script/test_ci_custom.py b/tests/script/test_ci_custom.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d340a816c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/script/test_ci_custom.py
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+"""Unit tests for the ESP_LOG-needs-braces lint rule in script/ci-custom.py.
+
+The rule flags an if/else/for/while whose only body is an unbraced ESP_LOG*() call (which becomes an
+empty statement -- and a -Wempty-body warning -- once the log level compiles the macro out). These
+tests pin the comment/string/raw-string masker, the accepted control-statement shapes, and the
+NOLINT escape hatch at both placements a contributor would try.
+"""
+
+import importlib.util
+from pathlib import Path
+import sys
+
+SCRIPT_DIR = (Path(__file__).parent / ".." / ".." / "script").resolve()
+sys.path.insert(0, str(SCRIPT_DIR))
+_spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location("ci_custom", SCRIPT_DIR / "ci-custom.py")
+ci_custom = importlib.util.module_from_spec(_spec)
+_spec.loader.exec_module(ci_custom)
+
+mask = ci_custom._mask_cpp_comments_strings
+
+
+def _lint(content: str) -> list:
+    return ci_custom.lint_esp_log_needs_braces("test.cpp", content)
+
+
+# --- masker ---
+
+
+def test_mask_preserves_length_newlines_and_real_parens() -> None:
+    src = 'foo("bar") + baz();\nqux();\n'
+    masked = mask(src)
+    assert len(masked) == len(src)
+    assert masked.count("\n") == src.count("\n")
+    assert masked.count("(") == src.count("(")  # real parens survive for balancing
+
+
+def test_mask_blanks_line_and_block_comments() -> None:
+    assert "ESP_LOGD" not in mask("a; // if (x) ESP_LOGD(t);\n")
+    assert "ESP_LOGD" not in mask("a; /* if (x) ESP_LOGD(t); */ b;\n")
+
+
+def test_mask_blanks_string_literals() -> None:
+    assert "if" not in mask('x = "if (y) ESP_LOGD";\n')
+
+
+def test_mask_handles_raw_string_without_desync() -> None:
+    # A raw string full of quotes/parens must be consumed as one unit; code after it stays intact.
+    src = 's.print(R"(<a href="x">)");\nreturn;\n'
+    masked = mask(src)
+    assert "href" not in masked
+    assert "return;" in masked  # not swallowed by a desynced string scan
+
+
+# --- rule: flags real violations ---
+
+
+def test_flags_unbraced_if_next_line() -> None:
+    assert _lint("if (x)\n  ESP_LOGD(t);\n")
+
+
+def test_flags_unbraced_same_line() -> None:
+    assert _lint("if (x) ESP_LOGW(t);\n")
+
+
+def test_flags_c_style_for() -> None:
+    assert _lint("for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)\n  ESP_LOGD(t, i);\n")
+
+
+def test_flags_range_for_and_else() -> None:
+    assert _lint("for (auto &x : v)\n  ESP_LOGCONFIG(t);\n")
+    assert _lint("else\n  ESP_LOGE(t);\n")
+
+
+def test_flags_for_header_with_nested_call() -> None:
+    assert _lint("for (auto it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); ++it)\n  ESP_LOGD(t);\n")
+
+
+def test_for_header_does_not_reach_into_a_later_statement() -> None:
+    # The 'for' header is bounded to its own statement, so it cannot swallow the loop body and latch
+    # onto a later ')'. Without that, the '#if' line below is reported as an unbraced body even though
+    # the '#' preprocessor check should skip it.
+    assert not _lint(
+        "for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)\n  arr[i] = 0;\n#if defined(USE_X)\n  ESP_LOGD(t);\n#endif\n"
+    )
+
+
+def test_violation_after_a_for_loop_is_reported_at_its_own_line() -> None:
+    errors = _lint(
+        "for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)\n  sum += a[i];\nif (verbose)\n  ESP_LOGD(t, sum);\n"
+    )
+    lines = [line for line, _col, _msg in errors]
+    assert lines == [3]  # the 'if', not the 'for' on line 1
+
+
+def test_flags_lowercase_esph_log_family() -> None:
+    # core/log.h defines esph_log_*() alongside ESP_LOG*(); both expand to nothing below their level.
+    assert _lint('if (x)\n  esph_log_config(t, "m");\n')
+    assert _lint('if (err != ESP_OK)\n  esph_log_e(t, "m");\n')
+
+
+def test_digit_separator_does_not_disable_the_rest_of_the_file() -> None:
+    # A "'" digit separator must not be read as a char-literal opener, which blanked everything after.
+    assert _lint("uint32_t x = 1'000;\nif (y)\n  ESP_LOGD(t);\n")
+
+
+def test_mask_still_blanks_real_char_literals() -> None:
+    assert "ESP_LOGD" not in mask("char c = '\"'; // if (x) ESP_LOGD(t);\n")
+    assert not _lint("char sep = ';';\nif (x) {\n  ESP_LOGD(t);\n}\n")
+
+
+def test_flags_multiline_log_body() -> None:
+    assert _lint('if (x)\n  ESP_LOGD(t, "%d %d",\n           a, b);\n')
+
+
+def test_raw_string_before_violation_still_caught() -> None:
+    # Regression for the masker desyncing on a raw string and disabling the check for the rest.
+    assert _lint('s.print(R"(<a href="x">)");\nif (y)\n  ESP_LOGD(t);\n')
+
+
+# --- rule: ignores non-violations ---
+
+
+def test_ignores_braced_body() -> None:
+    assert not _lint("if (x) {\n  ESP_LOGD(t);\n}\n")
+
+
+def test_ignores_commented_out_code() -> None:
+    assert not _lint("// if (x) ESP_LOGD(t);\n")
+
+
+def test_ignores_preprocessor_else() -> None:
+    assert not _lint("#else\n  ESP_LOGCONFIG(t);\n#endif\n")
+
+
+def test_ignores_non_log_body() -> None:
+    assert not _lint("if (x)\n  return false;\n")
+
+
+# --- NOLINT escape hatch, both placements ---
+
+
+def test_nolint_at_end_of_log_line_suppresses() -> None:
+    assert not _lint("if (x)\n  ESP_LOGD(t);  // NOLINT\n")
+
+
+def test_nolint_on_control_line_suppresses() -> None:
+    assert not _lint("if (x)  // NOLINT\n  ESP_LOGD(t);\n")
diff --git a/tests/script/test_clang_tidy_hash.py b/tests/script/test_clang_tidy_hash.py
index b5a9d8ebe9..decae4fd13 100644
--- a/tests/script/test_clang_tidy_hash.py
+++ b/tests/script/test_clang_tidy_hash.py
@@ -81,3 +81,40 @@ def test_read_file_bytes(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     result = clang_tidy_hash.read_file_bytes(test_file)
 
     assert result == test_content
+
+
+def test_calculate_idedata_cache_hash_changes_with_infra_code(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    _populate(tmp_path)
+    infra = tmp_path / "esphome" / "espidf" / "clang_tidy.py"
+    infra.parent.mkdir(parents=True)
+    infra.write_text("a")
+    before = clang_tidy_hash.calculate_idedata_cache_hash(repo_root=tmp_path)
+    assert before == clang_tidy_hash.calculate_idedata_cache_hash(repo_root=tmp_path)
+    infra.write_text("b")
+    assert clang_tidy_hash.calculate_idedata_cache_hash(repo_root=tmp_path) != before
+
+
+def test_calculate_idedata_cache_hash_includes_listed_files(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    _populate(tmp_path)
+    before = clang_tidy_hash.calculate_idedata_cache_hash(repo_root=tmp_path)
+    listed = tmp_path / "esphome" / "platformio" / "library.py"
+    listed.parent.mkdir(parents=True)
+    listed.write_text("x")
+    assert clang_tidy_hash.calculate_idedata_cache_hash(repo_root=tmp_path) != before
+
+
+def test_idedata_cache_hash_only_widens_for_esp32(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    _populate(tmp_path)
+    infra = tmp_path / "esphome" / "espidf" / "clang_tidy.py"
+    infra.parent.mkdir(parents=True)
+    infra.write_text("a")
+    esp32_before = clang_tidy_hash.idedata_cache_hash("esp32-idf-tidy", tmp_path)
+    other_before = clang_tidy_hash.idedata_cache_hash("esp8266-arduino-tidy", tmp_path)
+    infra.write_text("b")
+    assert (
+        clang_tidy_hash.idedata_cache_hash("esp32-idf-tidy", tmp_path) != esp32_before
+    )
+    assert (
+        clang_tidy_hash.idedata_cache_hash("esp8266-arduino-tidy", tmp_path)
+        == other_before
+    )
diff --git a/tests/script/test_determine_jobs.py b/tests/script/test_determine_jobs.py
index 80f572d9fe..4971821969 100644
--- a/tests/script/test_determine_jobs.py
+++ b/tests/script/test_determine_jobs.py
@@ -151,9 +151,14 @@ def test_main_all_tests_should_run(
         patch.object(determine_jobs, "_is_clang_tidy_full_scan", return_value=False),
         patch.object(
             determine_jobs,
-            "_all_integration_test_files",
+            "all_integration_test_files",
             return_value=fake_test_files,
         ),
+        patch.object(
+            determine_jobs,
+            "load_integration_durations",
+            return_value=dict.fromkeys(fake_test_files, 200.0),
+        ),
         patch.object(
             determine_jobs,
             "get_changed_components",
@@ -189,24 +194,12 @@ def test_main_all_tests_should_run(
     output = json.loads(captured.out)
 
     assert output["integration_tests"] is True
-    # run_all=True expands to the full glob and pre-buckets into 3 parts.
-    # Each bucket's `tests` is a JSON list of file paths.
+    assert output["integration_run_all"] is True
+    # run_all=True expands to the full glob; balance and naming are pinned
+    # by the unit tests, main() only needs to round-trip the structure
     assert isinstance(output["integration_test_buckets"], list)
-    assert len(output["integration_test_buckets"]) == 3
-    assert [b["name"] for b in output["integration_test_buckets"]] == [
-        "1/3",
-        "2/3",
-        "3/3",
-    ]
-    for bucket in output["integration_test_buckets"]:
-        assert isinstance(bucket["tests"], list)
-        for path in bucket["tests"]:
-            assert isinstance(path, str)
     bucket_files = [f for b in output["integration_test_buckets"] for f in b["tests"]]
-    assert bucket_files == fake_test_files
-    # Bucket sizes are balanced (max-min difference at most 1).
-    sizes = [len(b["tests"]) for b in output["integration_test_buckets"]]
-    assert max(sizes) - min(sizes) <= 1
+    assert sorted(bucket_files) == fake_test_files
     assert output["clang_tidy"] is True
     assert output["clang_tidy_mode"] in ["nosplit", "split"]
     assert output["clang_format"] is True
@@ -509,14 +502,24 @@ def test_compute_integration_test_buckets_at_threshold_stays_single() -> None:
 
 
 def test_compute_integration_test_buckets_just_over_threshold_splits() -> None:
-    """One file over the threshold triggers the 3-bucket fan-out, balanced."""
+    """One file over the threshold fans out fully when the weights demand it."""
     n = determine_jobs.INTEGRATION_TESTS_SPLIT_THRESHOLD + 1
     files = [f"tests/integration/test_{i:02d}.py" for i in range(n)]
-    run, buckets = determine_jobs._compute_integration_test_buckets(False, files)
+    with patch.object(
+        determine_jobs,
+        "load_integration_durations",
+        return_value=dict.fromkeys(files, 200.0),
+    ):
+        run, buckets = determine_jobs._compute_integration_test_buckets(False, files)
     assert run is True
-    assert [b["name"] for b in buckets] == ["1/3", "2/3", "3/3"]
-    union = [path for b in buckets for path in b["tests"]]
+    # threshold+1 files x 200s caps at the maximum bucket count.
+    n_buckets = determine_jobs.INTEGRATION_TESTS_SPLIT_BUCKETS
+    assert [b["name"] for b in buckets] == [
+        f"{i + 1}/{n_buckets}" for i in range(n_buckets)
+    ]
+    union = sorted(path for b in buckets for path in b["tests"])
     assert union == sorted(files)
+    # Equal weights => bucket sizes are balanced (difference at most 1).
     sizes = [len(b["tests"]) for b in buckets]
     assert max(sizes) - min(sizes) <= 1
 
@@ -526,7 +529,7 @@ def test_compute_integration_test_buckets_run_all_with_empty_glob_disables_run()
 ):
     """run_all=True but glob returns no files => run suppressed (otherwise
     pytest would collect tests outside tests/integration/)."""
-    with patch.object(determine_jobs, "_all_integration_test_files", return_value=[]):
+    with patch.object(determine_jobs, "all_integration_test_files", return_value=[]):
         run, buckets = determine_jobs._compute_integration_test_buckets(True, [])
     assert run is False
     assert buckets == []
@@ -552,6 +555,13 @@ def test_determine_integration_tests(
         assert run_all is True
         assert test_files == []
 
+    # Dependency pins and the session init fixture trigger run_all
+    for trigger in sorted(determine_jobs.INTEGRATION_TESTS_TRIGGER_FILES):
+        with patch.object(determine_jobs, "changed_files", return_value=[trigger]):
+            run_all, test_files = determine_jobs.determine_integration_tests()
+            assert run_all is True
+            assert test_files == []
+
     # Python files directly in esphome/ do NOT trigger tests
     with patch.object(
         determine_jobs, "changed_files", return_value=["esphome/config.py"]
@@ -1120,7 +1130,14 @@ def test_should_run_esp32_platformio_with_branch() -> None:
         (["esphome/espidf/runner.py"], True),
         (["esphome/espidf/framework.py"], True),
         (["esphome/build_gen/espidf.py"], True),
-        # PlatformIO build gen and esp32 component are NOT IDF-infra triggers
+        # Shared native-build modules the IDF build imports -> trigger
+        (["esphome/build_helpers/idedata.py"], True),
+        (["esphome/platformio/library.py"], True),
+        (["esphome/framework_helpers.py"], True),
+        (["esphome/platformio/extra_script.py"], True),
+        # PlatformIO build gen, its toolchain, and the esp32 component are
+        # NOT IDF-infra triggers
+        (["esphome/platformio/toolchain.py"], False),
         (["esphome/build_gen/platformio.py"], False),
         (["esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py"], False),
         (["README.md"], False),
@@ -1132,6 +1149,16 @@ def test_esp_idf_infra_changed(changed_files: list[str], expected: bool) -> None
     assert determine_jobs._esp_idf_infra_changed(changed_files) is expected
 
 
+def test_esp_idf_infra_trigger_paths_exist() -> None:
+    """A renamed or moved trigger module must fail here, not silently stop
+    forcing the esp32 IDF compile."""
+    repo_root = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2]
+    for file in determine_jobs.ESP_IDF_INFRA_TRIGGER_FILES:
+        assert (repo_root / file).is_file(), f"trigger file {file} moved or renamed"
+    for prefix in determine_jobs.ESP_IDF_INFRA_TRIGGER_PATH_PREFIXES:
+        assert (repo_root / prefix).is_dir(), f"trigger dir {prefix} moved or renamed"
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     ("changed_files", "expected_result"),
     [
@@ -1197,6 +1224,56 @@ def test_count_changed_cpp_files_with_branch() -> None:
         mock_changed.assert_called_once_with("release")
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("changed_files", "expected"),
+    [
+        # Core C++ change runs everything
+        (["esphome/core/helpers.cpp"], (True, [])),
+        # Core Python change runs everything too
+        (["esphome/core/config.py"], (True, [])),
+        # Component C++ change: component plus dependents with C++ tests
+        (["esphome/components/time/posix_tz.cpp"], (False, ["sntp", "time"])),
+        # Component Python change shapes the host build (defines, source
+        # filters), so it must trigger the same tests as a C++ change
+        (["esphome/components/time/__init__.py"], (False, ["sntp", "time"])),
+        # Nothing to build when no selected component has C++ tests
+        (["esphome/components/homeassistant/__init__.py"], (False, [])),
+        # Test manifest override changes only that component
+        (["tests/components/time/__init__.py"], (False, ["time"])),
+        # Test source change only that component
+        (["tests/components/time/posix_tz.cpp"], (False, ["time"])),
+        # pytest files and YAML build tests do not affect the test binary
+        (["tests/components/socket/conftest.py"], (False, [])),
+        (["tests/components/time/test.esp32-idf.yaml"], (False, [])),
+        (["README.md", "script/helpers.py"], (False, [])),
+        ([], (False, [])),
+    ],
+)
+def test_determine_cpp_unit_tests(
+    changed_files: list[str],
+    expected: tuple[bool, list[str]],
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """Test which C++ unit tests a set of changed files selects."""
+    tests_dir = tmp_path / "tests" / "components"
+    for component in ("time", "sntp"):
+        (tests_dir / component).mkdir(parents=True)
+        (tests_dir / component / f"{component}.cpp").write_text("")
+    (tests_dir / "homeassistant").mkdir()
+    (tests_dir / "socket").mkdir()
+    monkeypatch.setattr(helpers, "root_path", str(tmp_path))
+    with (
+        patch.object(determine_jobs, "changed_files", return_value=changed_files),
+        patch.object(
+            helpers,
+            "create_components_graph",
+            return_value={"time": ["homeassistant", "sntp"]},
+        ),
+    ):
+        assert determine_jobs.determine_cpp_unit_tests() == expected
+
+
 def test_main_filters_components_without_tests(
     mock_determine_integration_tests: Mock,
     mock_should_run_clang_tidy: Mock,
@@ -3072,3 +3149,86 @@ def test_memory_impact_elf_layouts_are_found(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         elf.write_text("")
 
         assert find_elf_path(build_path) == elf, f"{platform} ELF not found"
+
+
+def test_compute_integration_test_buckets_no_durations_full_fanout() -> None:
+    """Without recorded durations the fan-out stays at the maximum."""
+    files = [f"tests/integration/test_{i:03d}.py" for i in range(15)]
+    with patch.object(determine_jobs, "load_integration_durations", return_value={}):
+        run, buckets = determine_jobs._compute_integration_test_buckets(False, files)
+    assert run is True
+    assert len(buckets) == determine_jobs.INTEGRATION_TESTS_SPLIT_BUCKETS
+    assert sorted(f for b in buckets for f in b["tests"]) == files
+
+
+def test_compute_integration_test_buckets_adaptive_count() -> None:
+    """A small recorded total weight collapses to one bucket above the threshold."""
+    files = [f"tests/integration/test_{i:03d}.py" for i in range(15)]
+    with patch.object(
+        determine_jobs,
+        "load_integration_durations",
+        return_value=dict.fromkeys(files, 10.0),
+    ):
+        run, buckets = determine_jobs._compute_integration_test_buckets(False, files)
+    assert run is True
+    # 15 files x 10s recorded = 150s, under the per-bucket weight target.
+    assert [b["name"] for b in buckets] == ["1/1"]
+    assert buckets[0]["tests"] == files
+
+
+def test_compute_integration_test_buckets_duration_weighted() -> None:
+    """Heavy files spread across buckets instead of clustering by sorted name."""
+    files = [f"tests/integration/test_{i:03d}.py" for i in range(12)]
+    durations = dict.fromkeys(files, 10.0)
+    durations[files[0]] = 600.0
+    durations[files[1]] = 600.0
+    with patch.object(
+        determine_jobs, "load_integration_durations", return_value=durations
+    ):
+        run, buckets = determine_jobs._compute_integration_test_buckets(False, files)
+    assert run is True
+    assert len(buckets) >= 2
+    heavy_buckets = [b for b in buckets if set(files[:2]) & set(b["tests"])]
+    assert len(heavy_buckets) == 2, "heavy files should land in different buckets"
+    assert sorted(f for b in buckets for f in b["tests"]) == files
+
+
+def test_load_integration_durations_missing_or_corrupt(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Missing or unparsable durations data degrades to an empty mapping."""
+    with patch.object(helpers, "root_path", str(tmp_path)):
+        assert determine_jobs.load_integration_durations() == {}
+        durations_file = tmp_path / helpers.INTEGRATION_TEST_DURATIONS_FILE
+        durations_file.parent.mkdir(parents=True)
+        durations_file.write_text("not json")
+        assert determine_jobs.load_integration_durations() == {}
+        durations_file.write_text('{"tests/integration/test_a.py": 12.5}')
+        assert determine_jobs.load_integration_durations() == {
+            "tests/integration/test_a.py": 12.5
+        }
+        # Non-positive entries are dropped, valid ones survive
+        durations_file.write_text(
+            '{"tests/integration/test_a.py": 12.5, "tests/integration/test_b.py": -1}'
+        )
+        assert determine_jobs.load_integration_durations() == {
+            "tests/integration/test_a.py": 12.5
+        }
+        # One non-numeric entry cannot discard the whole recording
+        durations_file.write_text(
+            '{"tests/integration/test_a.py": 12.5, "tests/integration/test_b.py": null}'
+        )
+        assert determine_jobs.load_integration_durations() == {
+            "tests/integration/test_a.py": 12.5
+        }
+        # A non-dict top level degrades to empty
+        durations_file.write_text("[12.5]")
+        assert determine_jobs.load_integration_durations() == {}
+
+
+def test_committed_integration_durations_are_sane() -> None:
+    """The committed recording itself holds positive bounded floats."""
+    raw = json.loads(
+        (Path(helpers.root_path) / helpers.INTEGRATION_TEST_DURATIONS_FILE).read_text()
+    )
+    assert raw, "committed durations file missing or empty"
+    assert all(isinstance(v, (int, float)) and 0 < v < 86400 for v in raw.values())
+    assert all(k.startswith("tests/integration/test_") for k in raw)
diff --git a/tests/script/test_helpers.py b/tests/script/test_helpers.py
index 077b6ef23e..7d4059da2f 100644
--- a/tests/script/test_helpers.py
+++ b/tests/script/test_helpers.py
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ changed_files = helpers.changed_files
 filter_changed = helpers.filter_changed
 get_changed_components = helpers.get_changed_components
 _get_changed_files_from_command = helpers._get_changed_files_from_command
+run_gh_command = helpers.run_gh_command
 _get_pr_number_from_github_env = helpers._get_pr_number_from_github_env
 _get_changed_files_github_actions = helpers._get_changed_files_github_actions
 _filter_changed_ci = helpers._filter_changed_ci
@@ -243,6 +244,44 @@ def test_get_changed_files_github_actions_pull_request_large_pr(
         assert result == expected_files
 
 
+def test_get_changed_files_github_actions_pull_request_large_diff(
+    monkeypatch: MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """Test _get_changed_files_github_actions fallback for PRs with >20000 diff lines."""
+    monkeypatch.setenv("GITHUB_EVENT_NAME", "pull_request")
+
+    expected_files = ["file1.py", "file2.cpp"]
+
+    with (
+        patch("helpers._get_pr_number_from_github_env", return_value="17909"),
+        patch("helpers._get_changed_files_from_command") as mock_get,
+    ):
+        # First call fails with too many diff lines error, second succeeds with API method
+        mock_get.side_effect = [
+            Exception(
+                "could not find pull request diff: HTTP 406: Sorry, "
+                "the diff exceeded the maximum number of lines (20000)"
+            ),
+            expected_files,
+        ]
+
+        result = _get_changed_files_github_actions()
+
+        assert mock_get.call_count == 2
+        mock_get.assert_any_call(["gh", "pr", "diff", "17909", "--name-only"])
+        mock_get.assert_any_call(
+            [
+                "gh",
+                "api",
+                "repos/esphome/esphome/pulls/17909/files",
+                "--paginate",
+                "--jq",
+                ".[].filename",
+            ]
+        )
+        assert result == expected_files
+
+
 def test_get_changed_files_github_actions_pull_request_other_error(
     monkeypatch: MonkeyPatch,
 ) -> None:
@@ -1872,3 +1911,239 @@ def test_is_validate_only_file(filename: str, expected: bool, tmp_path: Path) ->
 def test_base_python_changed(files: list[str], expected: bool) -> None:
     """Only Python modules directly in esphome/ count as base Python changes."""
     assert helpers.base_python_changed(files) is expected
+
+
+def _gh_error(stderr: str) -> subprocess.CalledProcessError:
+    return subprocess.CalledProcessError(1, ["gh"], output="", stderr=stderr)
+
+
+def _gh_success(stdout: str = "ok\n") -> subprocess.CompletedProcess:
+    return subprocess.CompletedProcess(["gh"], 0, stdout=stdout, stderr="")
+
+
+def test_run_gh_command_success() -> None:
+    """A successful command returns without retrying."""
+    with patch("helpers.subprocess.run", return_value=_gh_success()) as mock_run:
+        result = run_gh_command(["gh", "pr", "diff", "123", "--name-only"])
+
+    assert result.stdout == "ok\n"
+    mock_run.assert_called_once()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "second_error",
+    [
+        (
+            'Post "https://api.github.com/graphql": tls: failed to verify'
+            " certificate: x509: certificate is not valid for any names,"
+            " but wanted to match api.github.com"
+        ),
+        'Post "https://api.github.com/graphql": EOF',
+        (
+            "error connecting to api.github.com\n"
+            "check your internet connection or https://githubstatus.com"
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_run_gh_command_retries_transient_error(second_error: str) -> None:
+    """Transient server errors are retried with 2s/4s backoff."""
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "helpers.subprocess.run",
+            side_effect=[
+                _gh_error("HTTP 502: 502 Bad Gateway (https://api.github.com/graphql)"),
+                _gh_error(second_error),
+                _gh_success(),
+            ],
+        ) as mock_run,
+        patch("helpers.time.sleep") as mock_sleep,
+    ):
+        result = run_gh_command(["gh", "pr", "diff", "123", "--name-only"])
+
+    assert result.stdout == "ok\n"
+    assert mock_run.call_count == 3
+    assert [call.args[0] for call in mock_sleep.call_args_list] == [2, 4]
+
+
+def test_run_gh_command_gives_up_after_max_attempts() -> None:
+    """A persistent transient error raises after the third attempt."""
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "helpers.subprocess.run",
+            side_effect=_gh_error("HTTP 503: Service Unavailable"),
+        ) as mock_run,
+        patch("helpers.time.sleep") as mock_sleep,
+        pytest.raises(subprocess.CalledProcessError),
+    ):
+        run_gh_command(["gh", "pr", "diff", "123", "--name-only"])
+
+    assert mock_run.call_count == 3
+    assert mock_sleep.call_count == 2
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "stderr",
+    [
+        "HTTP 404: Not Found (https://api.github.com/repos/x)",
+        "HTTP 401: Bad credentials",
+        "HTTP 403: API rate limit exceeded for installation ID 123.",
+        "diff exceeded the maximum number of changed files (300)",
+        (
+            "GraphQL: Could not resolve to a PullRequest with the number of 999999."
+            " (repository.pullRequest)"
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_run_gh_command_permanent_error_not_retried(stderr: str) -> None:
+    """Permanent failures raise immediately without any retry."""
+    with (
+        patch("helpers.subprocess.run", side_effect=_gh_error(stderr)) as mock_run,
+        patch("helpers.time.sleep") as mock_sleep,
+        pytest.raises(subprocess.CalledProcessError),
+    ):
+        run_gh_command(["gh", "pr", "diff", "123", "--name-only"])
+
+    mock_run.assert_called_once()
+    mock_sleep.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_run_gh_command_no_retry_for_non_idempotent_commands() -> None:
+    """retry=False fails on the first error even when it looks transient."""
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "helpers.subprocess.run",
+            side_effect=_gh_error("HTTP 502: 502 Bad Gateway"),
+        ) as mock_run,
+        patch("helpers.time.sleep") as mock_sleep,
+        pytest.raises(subprocess.CalledProcessError),
+    ):
+        run_gh_command(["gh", "pr", "comment", "123", "--body", "x"], retry=False)
+
+    mock_run.assert_called_once()
+    mock_sleep.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_get_changed_files_from_command_gh_failure_keeps_stderr() -> None:
+    """Failures from gh surface stderr so callers can detect the 300-file limit."""
+    stderr = "diff exceeded the maximum number of changed files (300)"
+    with (
+        patch("helpers.subprocess.run", side_effect=_gh_error(stderr)),
+        pytest.raises(Exception, match="maximum number of changed files"),
+    ):
+        _get_changed_files_from_command(["gh", "pr", "diff", "123", "--name-only"])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("file_path", "expected"),
+    [
+        ("esphome/components/time/posix_tz.cpp", True),
+        ("esphome/components/time/posix_tz.h", True),
+        ("esphome/components/time/__init__.py", True),
+        ("esphome/components/sntp/time.py", True),
+        ("tests/components/time/posix_tz.cpp", True),
+        ("tests/components/time/__init__.py", True),
+        # Platform override: tests/components/<component>/<domain>/__init__.py
+        ("tests/components/template/sensor/__init__.py", True),
+        # pytest-only files do not shape the C++ test binary
+        ("tests/components/socket/conftest.py", False),
+        ("tests/components/socket/test_socket.py", False),
+        ("tests/components/time/test.esp32-idf.yaml", False),
+        ("esphome/core/time.cpp", False),
+        ("esphome/config.py", False),
+        ("script/helpers.py", False),
+        ("README.md", False),
+    ],
+)
+def test_filter_cpp_unit_test_files(file_path: str, expected: bool) -> None:
+    """Test which changed files can affect a component's C++ unit test build."""
+    assert helpers.filter_cpp_unit_test_files(file_path) is expected
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def cpp_unit_test_tree(tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> Path:
+    """Fake repo root where time, sntp and api have C++ unit tests.
+
+    homeassistant depends on time but has no C++ tests, so it must be
+    dropped from the selection; socket has only pytest files.
+    """
+    tests_dir = tmp_path / "tests" / "components"
+    for component in ("time", "sntp", "api"):
+        (tests_dir / component).mkdir(parents=True)
+        (tests_dir / component / f"{component}.cpp").write_text("")
+    (tests_dir / "homeassistant").mkdir()
+    (tests_dir / "homeassistant" / "__init__.py").write_text("")
+    (tests_dir / "socket").mkdir()
+    (tests_dir / "socket" / "conftest.py").write_text("")
+    monkeypatch.setattr(helpers, "root_path", str(tmp_path))
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        helpers,
+        "create_components_graph",
+        lambda: {"time": ["homeassistant", "sntp"]},
+    )
+    return tmp_path
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("files", "expected"),
+    [
+        # Component changes expand to dependents with C++ tests
+        (["esphome/components/time/posix_tz.cpp"], ["sntp", "time"]),
+        (["esphome/components/time/__init__.py"], ["sntp", "time"]),
+        # Dependent without C++ tests is dropped
+        (["esphome/components/homeassistant/__init__.py"], []),
+        # Test changes select only that component
+        (["tests/components/time/posix_tz.cpp"], ["time"]),
+        (["tests/components/time/__init__.py"], ["time"]),
+        (["tests/components/homeassistant/__init__.py"], []),
+        (["tests/components/socket/conftest.py"], []),
+        (["tests/components/time/test.esp32-idf.yaml"], []),
+        (
+            ["esphome/components/time/__init__.py", "tests/components/api/api.cpp"],
+            ["api", "sntp", "time"],
+        ),
+        ([], []),
+    ],
+)
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("cpp_unit_test_tree")
+def test_get_cpp_changed_components(files: list[str], expected: list[str]) -> None:
+    """Test that C++ and Python component changes select the right unit tests."""
+    assert helpers.get_cpp_changed_components(files) == expected
+
+
+def test_get_cpp_changed_components_independent_of_cwd(
+    cpp_unit_test_tree: Path,
+    tmp_path_factory: pytest.TempPathFactory,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """Test directories resolve against root_path, not the current directory."""
+    monkeypatch.chdir(tmp_path_factory.mktemp("elsewhere"))
+    assert helpers.get_cpp_changed_components(
+        ["tests/components/time/__init__.py"]
+    ) == ["time"]
+
+
+def test_lpt_partition_balances_skewed_weights() -> None:
+    """Heavy items spread across groups instead of clustering."""
+    items = [f"i{n}" for n in range(6)]
+    weights = {"i0": 100.0, "i1": 90.0, "i2": 10.0, "i3": 10.0, "i4": 5.0, "i5": 5.0}
+    groups = helpers.lpt_partition(items, weights, 2)
+    group_weights = sorted(sum(weights[i] for i in g) for g in groups)
+    # Contiguous split would give 200 vs 20; LPT lands at 110 vs 110
+    assert group_weights == [110.0, 110.0]
+    assert sorted(i for g in groups for i in g) == items
+
+
+def test_lpt_partition_more_groups_than_items() -> None:
+    """Surplus groups come back empty; every item still lands somewhere."""
+    items = ["a", "b"]
+    groups = helpers.lpt_partition(items, {"a": 1.0, "b": 1.0}, 4)
+    assert len(groups) == 4
+    assert sorted(i for g in groups for i in g) == items
+    assert sum(not g for g in groups) == 2
+
+
+def test_lpt_partition_tie_determinism() -> None:
+    """Equal weights assign in input order, so output is reproducible."""
+    items = [f"i{n}" for n in range(4)]
+    weights = dict.fromkeys(items, 1.0)
+    assert helpers.lpt_partition(items, weights, 2) == [["i0", "i2"], ["i1", "i3"]]
diff --git a/tests/script/test_platformio_install_deps.py b/tests/script/test_platformio_install_deps.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a263d7937f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/script/test_platformio_install_deps.py
@@ -0,0 +1,649 @@
+"""Tests for script/platformio_install_deps.py."""
+
+from argparse import Namespace
+import importlib.util
+import inspect
+from pathlib import Path
+import shutil
+import sys
+from types import SimpleNamespace
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+
+from platformio import fs
+from platformio.cache import ContentCache
+from platformio.exception import InvalidJSONFile
+from platformio.package.manager._install import PackageManagerInstallMixin
+from platformio.package.manager.base import BasePackageManager
+from platformio.package.manager.library import LibraryPackageManager
+from platformio.package.manager.tool import ToolPackageManager
+from platformio.package.meta import PackageCompatibility, PackageItem, PackageSpec
+import pytest
+from semantic_version import Version
+
+_SCRIPT = Path(__file__).parents[2] / "script" / "platformio_install_deps.py"
+
+
+def _load_script():
+    spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location("platformio_install_deps", _SCRIPT)
+    module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
+    spec.loader.exec_module(module)
+    # The real ContentCache would create dirs under the user's core dir
+    module.ContentCache = lambda *_: None
+    return module
+
+
+def test_spec_key_collapses_destinations() -> None:
+    """Two specs delivering one package share a directory and one key."""
+    mod = _load_script()
+    assert mod.spec_key("esphome/noise-c @ 0.1.21") == "noise-c"
+    assert mod.spec_key("esphome/noise-c@0.1.21") == "noise-c"
+    assert mod.spec_key("ESP32Async/AsyncTCP @ ^3.4.10") == mod.spec_key(
+        "esp32async/asynctcp @ 3.5.0"
+    )
+    url = "https://github.com/pioarduino/platform-espressif32/releases/download/{v}/platform-espressif32.zip"
+    assert mod.spec_key(url.format(v="55.03.311")) == mod.spec_key(
+        url.format(v="54.03.20")
+    )
+
+
+def test_parse_specs_and_cli_args(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Parsing skips unpinned and interpolated entries; the CLI rebuild
+    keeps the original flag pairing."""
+    ini = tmp_path / "platformio.ini"
+    ini.write_text(
+        "[env:a]\n"
+        "platform = fake/platform@1\n"
+        "lib_deps =\n"
+        "    esphome/noise-c @ 0.1.21\n"
+        "    ${common.lib_deps}\n"
+        "    internal_lib\n"
+        "[env:b]\n"
+        "lib_deps =\n"
+        "    esphome/noise-c @ 0.1.21\n"
+    )
+    mod = _load_script()
+    args = Namespace(libraries=True, platforms=True, tools=False)
+    libs, platforms, tools = mod.parse_specs(str(ini), args)
+    # exact-string duplicates collapse; distinct version pins survive
+    assert libs == ["esphome/noise-c @ 0.1.21"]
+    assert platforms == ["fake/platform@1"]
+    assert tools == []
+    assert mod.build_cli_args(libs, platforms, tools) == [
+        "-l",
+        "esphome/noise-c @ 0.1.21",
+        "-p",
+        "fake/platform@1",
+    ]
+
+
+class _FakeManager:
+    """Scripted manager_cls: records installs, raises on demand."""
+
+    installed: set = set()
+    fail: set = set()
+    calls: list = []
+    lock_events: list = []
+    base_dir: str = ""  # per-test tmp base; set by _reset_fake
+
+    def __init__(self, package_dir) -> None:
+        assert package_dir is None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _key(spec) -> str:
+        return spec if isinstance(spec, str) else str(spec)
+
+    def get_package(self, spec):
+        if self._key(spec) in self.installed:
+            return SimpleNamespace(path="/tmp/fake-pkg", spec=self._key(spec))
+        return None
+
+    def memcache_reset(self) -> None:
+        type(self).resets = getattr(type(self), "resets", 0) + 1
+
+    @property
+    def package_dir(self) -> str:
+        return str(Path(type(self).base_dir) / "packages")
+
+    def get_download_dir(self) -> str:
+        return str(Path(type(self).base_dir) / "downloads")
+
+    def get_tmp_dir(self) -> str:
+        return str(Path(type(self).base_dir) / "tmp")
+
+    def lock(self) -> None:
+        type(self).lock_events.append("lock")
+
+    def unlock(self) -> None:
+        type(self).lock_events.append("unlock")
+
+    def _install(self, spec, skip_dependencies, compatibility=None):
+        assert skip_dependencies is True
+        if self._key(spec) in self.fail:
+            raise RuntimeError("boom")
+        type(self).calls.append(spec)
+        type(self).compat_calls.append((self._key(spec), compatibility))
+        type(self).installed.add(self._key(spec))  # atomic under the GIL
+
+    def get_pkg_dependencies(self, pkg):
+        return getattr(type(self), "deps", {}).get(pkg.spec)
+
+    dependency_to_spec = staticmethod(BasePackageManager.dependency_to_spec)
+
+
+def _reset_fake(base_dir: str = "", **kwargs) -> type:
+    # A fresh subclass per test: nothing leaks between tests through the
+    # class-level scripted state
+    return type(
+        "_ScriptedManager",
+        (_FakeManager,),
+        {
+            "base_dir": base_dir,
+            "installed": kwargs.get("installed", set()),
+            "fail": kwargs.get("fail", set()),
+            "calls": [],
+            "compat_calls": [],
+            "lock_events": [],
+        },
+    )
+
+
+def test_parallel_install_empty_specs_is_a_no_op(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    mod = _load_script()
+    cls = _reset_fake(str(tmp_path))
+    mod.parallel_install(cls, [])
+    assert cls.calls == [] and cls.lock_events == []
+
+
+def test_parallel_install_behavior(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Duplicates collapse to one install, installed specs are filtered,
+    URL specs stay out of the wave, and the lock wraps the pool."""
+    mod = _load_script()
+    cls = _reset_fake(str(tmp_path), installed={"esphome/already @ 1.0"})
+    mod.parallel_install(
+        cls,
+        [
+            "esphome/noise-c @ 0.1.21",
+            "esphome/noise-c @ 0.1.21",
+            "esphome/already @ 1.0",
+            "https://x/framework.tar.xz",
+        ],
+    )
+    assert cls.calls == ["esphome/noise-c @ 0.1.21"]
+    assert cls.lock_events == ["lock", "unlock"]
+
+
+def test_parallel_install_failure_cleans_torn_destination(
+    tmp_path: Path, capsys
+) -> None:
+    """A failed install resets the memcache, removes what get_package can
+    see, and reports; the others still install."""
+    mod = _load_script()
+    cls = _reset_fake(str(tmp_path), fail={"esphome/bad @ 1.0"})
+
+    removed = []
+
+    torn = str(tmp_path / "packages" / "torn-pkg")  # never created; only rmtree'd
+
+    def get_package(self, spec):
+        if spec == "esphome/bad @ 1.0" and getattr(cls, "resets", 0):
+            return SimpleNamespace(path=torn, spec=spec)
+        return _FakeManager.get_package(self, spec)
+
+    cls.get_package = get_package  # throwaway subclass; nothing to restore
+    with patch.object(mod.fs, "rmtree", side_effect=removed.append):
+        mod.parallel_install(cls, ["esphome/bad @ 1.0", "esphome/good @ 1.0"])
+    assert "esphome/good @ 1.0" in cls.calls
+    assert removed == [torn]
+    out = capsys.readouterr().out
+    assert "Pre-install of esphome/bad @ 1.0 failed" in out
+    assert "Pre-install failed for 1 of 2 package(s)" in out
+
+
+def test_parallel_install_runs_dependency_waves(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Dependencies of wave-installed packages install in a second wave,
+    deduped by name; name-only platform libs stay with the serial pass."""
+    mod = _load_script()
+    cls = _reset_fake(str(tmp_path))
+    cls.deps = {
+        "esphome/noise-c @ 0.1.21": [
+            {"owner": "esphome", "name": "libsodium", "version": "^1.0"},
+            {"name": "SPI"},
+        ],
+        "esphome/wg @ 1.0": [
+            {"owner": "esphome", "name": "libsodium", "version": "^1.0"},
+        ],
+    }
+    mod.parallel_install(cls, ["esphome/noise-c @ 0.1.21", "esphome/wg @ 1.0"])
+    assert len(cls.calls) == 3  # the shared dep installs exactly once
+    assert {mod.spec_key(c) for c in cls.calls} == {"noise-c", "wg", "libsodium"}
+    # Wave-1 strings carry no compatibility; the dependency wave does
+    compats = dict(cls.compat_calls)
+    assert compats["esphome/noise-c @ 0.1.21"] is None
+    dep_compat = next(v for k, v in cls.compat_calls if "libsodium" in k)
+    assert dep_compat is not None  # mirrors pio's install_dependency
+
+
+def test_dependency_wave_excludes_url_specs(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A dependency pinned to a URL surfaces as spec.uri; it must stay out
+    of the wave like string URL specs do."""
+    mod = _load_script()
+    cls = _reset_fake(str(tmp_path))
+    cls.deps = {
+        "esphome/noise-c @ 0.1.21": [
+            {"name": "vendored", "version": "https://github.com/x/y.git"},
+        ],
+    }
+    mod.parallel_install(cls, ["esphome/noise-c @ 0.1.21"])
+    assert {mod.spec_key(c) for c in cls.calls} == {"noise-c"}
+
+
+def test_failed_cleanup_fails_the_build(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A torn destination still on disk after rmtree must fail the build:
+    fs.rmtree never raises (its onexc handler prints), so only the
+    destination's absence proves the cleanup worked."""
+    mod = _load_script()
+    cls = _reset_fake(str(tmp_path), fail={"esphome/bad @ 1.0"})
+    torn = tmp_path / "packages" / "torn-pkg"
+    torn.mkdir(parents=True)
+
+    def get_package(self, spec):
+        if getattr(cls, "resets", 0):
+            return SimpleNamespace(path=str(torn), spec=spec)
+        return None
+
+    cls.get_package = get_package  # throwaway subclass; nothing to restore
+    with (
+        patch.object(mod.fs, "rmtree", lambda path: None),  # onexc swallowed
+        pytest.raises(mod.CleanupError, match="could not remove"),
+    ):
+        mod.parallel_install(cls, ["esphome/bad @ 1.0"])
+    assert cls.lock_events == ["lock", "unlock"]  # still released
+
+
+def test_unverifiable_torn_destination_fails_the_build(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """When the scan fails, the spec's own .piopm decides: an unremovable
+    leftover fails the build."""
+    mod = _load_script()
+    cls = _reset_fake(str(tmp_path), fail={"esphome/bad @ 1.0"})
+    dest = Path(cls.base_dir) / "packages" / "bad"
+    dest.mkdir(parents=True)
+    (dest / ".piopm").write_text('{"spec": {"owner": "esphome", "name": "bad"}}')
+
+    def bad_reset(self):
+        raise OSError("scan broken")
+
+    cls.memcache_reset = bad_reset
+    with (
+        patch.object(mod.fs, "rmtree", lambda path: None),  # onexc swallowed
+        pytest.raises(mod.CleanupError, match="could not remove"),
+    ):
+        mod.parallel_install(cls, ["esphome/bad @ 1.0"])
+
+
+def test_unverifiable_scan_without_leftover_degrades(tmp_path: Path, capsys) -> None:
+    """A failing scan with no destination on disk is never a build
+    failure blaming this spec."""
+    mod = _load_script()
+    cls = _reset_fake(str(tmp_path), fail={"esphome/bad @ 1.0"})
+    resets = {"n": 0}
+
+    def bad_reset(self):
+        # Fail clean_torn's reset; the coordinator's later reset works
+        resets["n"] += 1
+        if resets["n"] <= 1:
+            raise OSError("scan broken")
+
+    cls.memcache_reset = bad_reset
+    mod.parallel_install(cls, ["esphome/bad @ 1.0"])
+    assert "No resolvable destination to clean" in capsys.readouterr().out
+
+
+def test_unresolvable_torn_destination_is_printed(tmp_path: Path, capsys) -> None:
+    """A failed install with no resolvable package prints, so an invisible
+    torn directory is at least traceable."""
+    mod = _load_script()
+    cls = _reset_fake(str(tmp_path), fail={"esphome/bad @ 1.0"})
+    mod.parallel_install(cls, ["esphome/bad @ 1.0"])
+    assert "No resolvable destination to clean" in capsys.readouterr().out
+
+
+def test_unparsable_torn_destination_is_removed(tmp_path: Path, capsys) -> None:
+    """A torn dir get_package cannot resolve but whose .piopm names the
+    spec is removed instead of surviving into the serial pass."""
+    mod = _load_script()
+    cls = _reset_fake(str(tmp_path), fail={"esphome/bad @ 1.0"})
+    dest = Path(cls.base_dir) / "packages" / "bad"
+    dest.mkdir(parents=True)
+    (dest / ".piopm").write_text('{"spec": {"owner": "esphome", "name": "bad"}}')
+
+    with patch.object(mod.fs, "rmtree", shutil.rmtree):
+        mod.parallel_install(cls, ["esphome/bad @ 1.0"])
+    assert not dest.exists()
+    assert "Removed torn destination" in capsys.readouterr().out
+
+
+def test_parse_specs_tools_branch(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """platform_packages parsing keeps owner'd tools and rewrites github
+    URL pins to bare URLs the wave then skips via parsed.uri."""
+    mod = _load_script()
+    ini = tmp_path / "platformio.ini"
+    ini.write_text(
+        "[env:t]\n"
+        "platform_packages =\n"
+        "    ${common.platform_packages}\n"
+        "    platformio/tool-scons@~4.40801.0\n"
+        "    framework-arduinopico@https://github.com/earlephilhower/arduino-pico/releases/download/6.0.0/rp2040-6.0.0.zip\n"
+    )
+    args = Namespace(libraries=False, platforms=False, tools=True)
+    libs, platforms, tools = mod.parse_specs(str(ini), args)
+    assert libs == [] and platforms == []
+    assert tools == [
+        "platformio/tool-scons@~4.40801.0",
+        "https://github.com/earlephilhower/arduino-pico/releases/download/6.0.0/rp2040-6.0.0.zip",
+    ]
+    assert mod.build_cli_args([], [], tools)[:2] == ["-t", tools[0]]
+
+
+def test_warm_store_still_walks_dependencies(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Already-installed top-level packages still feed the dependency
+    wave; a warm store can be missing a transitive dep."""
+    mod = _load_script()
+    cls = _reset_fake(str(tmp_path), installed={"esphome/noise-c @ 0.1.21"})
+    cls.deps = {
+        "esphome/noise-c @ 0.1.21": [
+            {"owner": "esphome", "name": "libsodium", "version": "^1.0"},
+        ],
+    }
+    mod.parallel_install(cls, ["esphome/noise-c @ 0.1.21"])
+    assert [mod.spec_key(c) for c in cls.calls] == ["libsodium"]
+
+
+def test_worker_system_exit_still_cleans(tmp_path: Path, capsys) -> None:
+    """A worker SystemExit runs the torn cleanup before propagating; the
+    serial pass must never trust its leftovers."""
+    mod = _load_script()
+    cls = _reset_fake(str(tmp_path))
+    torn = tmp_path / "packages" / "torn-pkg"
+    torn.mkdir(parents=True)
+
+    def exiting_install(self, spec, skip_dependencies, compatibility=None):
+        raise SystemExit(0)
+
+    def get_package(self, spec):
+        if getattr(cls, "resets", 0):
+            return SimpleNamespace(path=str(torn), spec=spec)
+        return None
+
+    cls._install = exiting_install
+    cls.get_package = get_package
+
+    def real_rmtree(path):
+        Path(path).rmdir()
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(mod.fs, "rmtree", real_rmtree),
+        pytest.raises(SystemExit),
+    ):
+        mod.parallel_install(cls, ["esphome/bad @ 1.0"])
+    assert not torn.exists()
+
+
+def test_unlock_failure_is_fatal(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A failed unlock must fail the build: the serial pass in another
+    process would block on the held flock."""
+    mod = _load_script()
+    cls = _reset_fake(str(tmp_path))
+
+    def bad_unlock(self):
+        raise OSError("flock broke")
+
+    cls.unlock = bad_unlock
+    with pytest.raises(mod.LockReleaseError, match="manager lock"):
+        mod.parallel_install(cls, ["esphome/good @ 1.0"])
+
+
+def test_unlock_failure_keeps_inflight_error_as_context(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """An in-flight CleanupError stays attached when the unlock fault
+    takes over the raise."""
+    mod = _load_script()
+    cls = _reset_fake(str(tmp_path), fail={"esphome/bad @ 1.0"})
+    torn = tmp_path / "packages" / "bad"
+    torn.mkdir(parents=True)
+
+    def get_package(self, spec):
+        if getattr(cls, "resets", 0):
+            return SimpleNamespace(path=str(torn), spec=spec)
+        return None
+
+    def bad_unlock(self):
+        raise OSError("flock broke")
+
+    cls.get_package = get_package
+    cls.unlock = bad_unlock
+    with (
+        patch.object(mod.fs, "rmtree", lambda path: None),  # leaves torn
+        pytest.raises(mod.LockReleaseError) as err,
+    ):
+        mod.parallel_install(cls, ["esphome/bad @ 1.0"])
+    assert isinstance(err.value.__cause__.__context__, mod.CleanupError)
+
+
+def test_chdir_failure_does_not_fail_the_wave(tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch) -> None:
+    """A lost cwd is suppressed: further waves may misbehave and fall to
+    the serial pass, whose cwd is pinned."""
+    mod = _load_script()
+    cls = _reset_fake(str(tmp_path))
+    monkeypatch.setattr(mod.os, "chdir", MagicMock(side_effect=OSError("gone")))
+    mod.parallel_install(cls, ["esphome/good @ 1.0"])
+    assert cls.calls == ["esphome/good @ 1.0"]
+
+
+def test_piopm_match_removes_manifest_named_torn_dir(tmp_path: Path, capsys) -> None:
+    """A torn dir named by its manifest (not the registry spec) is found
+    through its .piopm and removed."""
+    mod = _load_script()
+    cls = _reset_fake(str(tmp_path), fail={"esphome/bad @ 1.0"})
+    torn = tmp_path / "packages" / "ManifestName"
+    torn.mkdir(parents=True)
+    (torn / ".piopm").write_text('{"spec": {"owner": "esphome", "name": "bad"}}')
+    innocent = tmp_path / "packages" / "innocent"
+    innocent.mkdir()
+    (innocent / ".piopm").write_text('{"spec": {"owner": "o", "name": "other"}}')
+    with patch.object(mod.fs, "rmtree", shutil.rmtree):
+        mod.parallel_install(cls, ["esphome/bad @ 1.0"])
+    assert not torn.exists()
+    assert innocent.exists()  # another package's valid metadata survives
+    assert "Removed torn destination" in capsys.readouterr().out
+
+
+def test_unscannable_package_dir_fails_the_build(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A storage dir the cleanup cannot scan is not proof of cleanliness."""
+    mod = _load_script()
+    cls = _reset_fake(str(tmp_path), fail={"esphome/bad @ 1.0"})
+    real_iterdir = Path.iterdir
+
+    def broken_iterdir(self):
+        if self.name == "packages":
+            raise PermissionError("denied")
+        return real_iterdir(self)
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(Path, "iterdir", broken_iterdir),
+        pytest.raises(mod.CleanupError, match="cleanup failed"),
+    ):
+        mod.parallel_install(cls, ["esphome/bad @ 1.0"])
+
+
+def test_stray_file_in_package_dir_is_ignored(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A plain file (or a pio-link) beside the packages is skipped by
+    pio's own scan and must never hard-fail the build."""
+    mod = _load_script()
+    cls = _reset_fake(str(tmp_path), fail={"esphome/bad @ 1.0"})
+    (tmp_path / "packages").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (tmp_path / "packages" / "stray.pio-link").write_text("x")
+    (tmp_path / "packages" / "no-metadata").mkdir()  # pio overwrites these
+    mod.parallel_install(cls, ["esphome/bad @ 1.0"])
+    assert (tmp_path / "packages" / "stray.pio-link").exists()
+    assert (tmp_path / "packages" / "no-metadata").exists()
+
+
+def test_unreadable_piopm_dir_is_removed(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A persistently corrupt .piopm under this spec's own name would
+    crash pio's storage scan; the dir is removed rather than left to
+    break the serial pass."""
+    mod = _load_script()
+    cls = _reset_fake(str(tmp_path), fail={"esphome/bad @ 1.0"})
+    torn = tmp_path / "packages" / "bad"
+    torn.mkdir(parents=True)
+    (torn / ".piopm").write_text("{not json")
+    mod.parallel_install(cls, ["esphome/bad @ 1.0"])
+    assert not torn.exists()
+
+
+def test_unreadable_piopm_under_other_name_survives(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A corrupt .piopm in another package's dir may be a worker mid-copy;
+    a failing spec must not remove a directory it does not own."""
+    mod = _load_script()
+    cls = _reset_fake(str(tmp_path), fail={"esphome/bad @ 1.0"})
+    other = tmp_path / "packages" / "innocent"
+    other.mkdir(parents=True)
+    (other / ".piopm").write_text("{not json")
+    mod.parallel_install(cls, ["esphome/bad @ 1.0"])
+    assert other.exists()
+
+
+def test_unexpected_cleanup_class_becomes_cleanup_error(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Cleanup failures of any class fail the build; nothing may be
+    downgraded to the serial fallback over a torn directory."""
+    mod = _load_script()
+    cls = _reset_fake(str(tmp_path), fail={"esphome/bad @ 1.0"})
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(
+            mod, "piopm_matches", MagicMock(side_effect=ValueError("bad spec"))
+        ),
+        pytest.raises(mod.CleanupError, match="cleanup failed"),
+    ):
+        mod.parallel_install(cls, ["esphome/bad @ 1.0"])
+
+
+def test_main_cleanup_error_fails_before_generic_fallback(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A CleanupError must escape main's serial fallback: the clause order
+    decides whether a stuck torn package fails the image build."""
+    mod = _load_script()
+    ini = tmp_path / "platformio.ini"
+    ini.write_text("[env:t]\nlib_deps =\n    esphome/x @ 1.0\n")
+    with (
+        patch.object(
+            mod, "parallel_install", side_effect=mod.CleanupError("stuck torn pkg")
+        ),
+        patch.object(mod.subprocess, "check_call"),
+        patch.object(sys, "argv", ["platformio_install_deps.py", str(ini), "-l"]),
+        pytest.raises(mod.CleanupError),
+    ):
+        mod.main()
+
+
+def test_main_generic_failure_still_runs_serial_pass(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A non-CleanupError wave failure prints, dumps the traceback, and
+    still reaches the authoritative serial pass with the pinned cwd."""
+    mod = _load_script()
+    ini = tmp_path / "platformio.ini"
+    ini.write_text("[env:t]\nlib_deps =\n    esphome/x @ 1.0\n")
+    with (
+        patch.object(mod, "parallel_install", side_effect=RuntimeError("boom")),
+        patch.object(mod.subprocess, "check_call") as mock_call,
+        patch.object(sys, "argv", ["platformio_install_deps.py", str(ini), "-l"]),
+    ):
+        mod.main()
+    mock_call.assert_called_once()
+    args, kwargs = mock_call.call_args
+    assert args[0][:4] == ["platformio", "pkg", "install", "-g"]
+    assert "esphome/x @ 1.0" in args[0]
+    assert kwargs["cwd"] == Path.cwd()
+
+
+def test_content_cache_creates_its_dir(tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch) -> None:
+    """The cold-cache hardening relies on ContentCache.__init__ creating
+    the namespace dir; pin the side effect, not mere callability."""
+    monkeypatch.setenv("PLATFORMIO_CACHE_DIR", str(tmp_path / "cache"))
+    ContentCache("http")
+    assert (tmp_path / "cache" / "http").is_dir()
+
+
+def test_piopm_matches_without_name_matches_nothing(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A spec with no derivable name can never match a directory."""
+    mod = _load_script()
+    assert mod.piopm_matches(str(tmp_path), "") == []
+
+
+def test_unresolvable_spec_stays_out_of_the_wave(tmp_path: Path, capsys) -> None:
+    """A spec with no derivable name is left to the serial pass; a raw
+    string key would break the one-per-destination dedupe."""
+    mod = _load_script()
+    cls = _reset_fake(str(tmp_path))
+    nameless = PackageSpec(requirements="^1.0")
+    mod.parallel_install(cls, [nameless])
+    assert cls.calls == []
+    assert "Skipping unresolvable spec" in capsys.readouterr().out
+
+
+def test_parallel_install_unlocks_when_pool_fails(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    mod = _load_script()
+    cls = _reset_fake(str(tmp_path))
+    with (
+        patch.object(mod, "ThreadPoolExecutor", side_effect=RuntimeError("no")),
+        pytest.raises(RuntimeError),
+    ):
+        mod.parallel_install(cls, ["esphome/a @ 1.0"])
+    assert cls.lock_events == ["lock", "unlock"]
+
+
+def test_parse_specs_unreadable_ini_fails_loudly(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A bad path must not silently build an image with no dependencies."""
+    mod = _load_script()
+    args = Namespace(libraries=True, platforms=False, tools=False)
+    with pytest.raises(SystemExit):
+        mod.parse_specs(str(tmp_path / "missing.ini"), args)
+
+
+def test_platformio_surface_for_install_deps_script() -> None:
+    """A PlatformIO bump that changes these members must fail here, not
+    silently turn the docker image's parallel preinstall into a no-op."""
+    # The script calls these positionally; pin the positions, not just
+    # membership, so a parameter reorder trips the wire too
+    params = inspect.signature(PackageManagerInstallMixin._install).parameters
+    assert list(params)[1] == "spec"
+    assert "skip_dependencies" in params
+    assert "compatibility" in params
+    for cls in (ToolPackageManager, LibraryPackageManager):
+        assert list(inspect.signature(cls.__init__).parameters)[1] == "package_dir"
+    for name in (
+        "lock",
+        "unlock",
+        "get_package",
+        "memcache_reset",
+        "get_pkg_dependencies",
+        "dependency_to_spec",
+        "get_download_dir",
+        "get_tmp_dir",
+    ):
+        assert callable(getattr(BasePackageManager, name))
+    # Losing any of these turns the wave into main()'s silent serial
+    # fallback: ensure_spec runs in the coordinator, the spec attributes
+    # feed the dedupe, cleanup, and dependency filters
+    assert callable(BasePackageManager.ensure_spec)
+    spec = PackageSpec("owner/name @ ^1.0")
+    assert spec.name == "name"
+    assert spec.owner == "owner"
+    assert spec.uri is None
+    assert spec.external is False
+    assert Version("1.5.0") in spec.requirements
+    # The failure-cleanup path degrades to a single line if these vanish
+    assert callable(fs.rmtree)
+    assert callable(fs.load_json)
+    # piopm_matches only tolerates a corrupt .piopm through this base;
+    # losing it would flip a wave failure from degrade to build failure
+    assert issubclass(InvalidJSONFile, ValueError)
+    assert PackageItem("pkg-dir").path == "pkg-dir"
+    assert callable(PackageCompatibility.from_dependency)
diff --git a/tests/script/test_update_integration_test_durations.py b/tests/script/test_update_integration_test_durations.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f2f373d4bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/script/test_update_integration_test_durations.py
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+"""Unit tests for script/update_integration_test_durations.py."""
+
+import json
+from pathlib import Path
+import sys
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import pytest
+
+# Add the script directory to Python path so we can import the module
+script_dir = str((Path(__file__).parent / ".." / ".." / "script").resolve())
+sys.path.insert(0, script_dir)
+
+import helpers  # noqa: E402
+import update_integration_test_durations as uitd  # noqa: E402
+
+JUNIT_TEMPLATE = """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<testsuites><testsuite>{testcases}</testsuite></testsuites>
+"""
+
+KNOWN = {
+    "tests/integration/test_a.py",
+    "tests/integration/test_b.py",
+}
+
+
+def _write_junit(path: Path, testcases: str) -> None:
+    path.write_text(JUNIT_TEMPLATE.format(testcases=testcases), encoding="utf-8")
+
+
+def test_collect_durations_sums_per_file(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Testcases from the same module sum."""
+    _write_junit(
+        tmp_path / "a.xml",
+        '<testcase classname="tests.integration.test_a" name="t1" time="1.5"/>'
+        '<testcase classname="tests.integration.test_a" name="t2" time="2.0"/>'
+        '<testcase classname="tests.integration.test_b" name="t1" time="4.0"/>',
+    )
+    assert uitd.collect_durations(tmp_path, KNOWN) == {
+        "tests/integration/test_a.py": 3.5,
+        "tests/integration/test_b.py": 4.0,
+    }
+
+
+def test_collect_durations_class_based_testcase(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A class-based classname still maps to its module file."""
+    _write_junit(
+        tmp_path / "a.xml",
+        '<testcase classname="tests.integration.test_a.TestFoo" name="t" time="2.5"/>',
+    )
+    assert uitd.collect_durations(tmp_path, KNOWN) == {
+        "tests/integration/test_a.py": 2.5
+    }
+
+
+def test_collect_durations_unknown_module_skipped(
+    tmp_path: Path, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
+) -> None:
+    """A classname that maps to no known file is skipped with a warning."""
+    _write_junit(
+        tmp_path / "a.xml",
+        '<testcase classname="tests.integration.test_gone" name="t" time="2.5"/>',
+    )
+    assert uitd.collect_durations(tmp_path, KNOWN) == {}
+    assert "test_gone" in capsys.readouterr().err
+
+
+def test_collect_durations_skips_skipped_testcases(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Skipped testcases do not record a bogus zero duration."""
+    _write_junit(
+        tmp_path / "a.xml",
+        '<testcase classname="tests.integration.test_a" name="t" time="0">'
+        "<skipped/></testcase>",
+    )
+    assert uitd.collect_durations(tmp_path, KNOWN) == {}
+
+
+def test_collect_durations_unexpected_classname_aborts(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A classname outside tests.integration means the junit layout changed."""
+    _write_junit(
+        tmp_path / "a.xml",
+        '<testcase classname="tests.unit_tests.test_x" name="t" time="9.0"/>',
+    )
+    with pytest.raises(SystemExit):
+        uitd.collect_durations(tmp_path, KNOWN)
+
+
+def test_collect_durations_empty_dir_aborts(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """No junit XML at all is a hard error, not an empty recording."""
+    with pytest.raises(SystemExit):
+        uitd.collect_durations(tmp_path, KNOWN)
+
+
+def test_main_merges_partial_run(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A partial run merges over the previous data instead of truncating it."""
+    tests_dir = tmp_path / "tests" / "integration"
+    tests_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
+    for name in ("test_a", "test_b", "test_c"):
+        (tests_dir / f"{name}.py").write_text("", encoding="utf-8")
+    durations_file = tmp_path / helpers.INTEGRATION_TEST_DURATIONS_FILE
+    durations_file.write_text(
+        json.dumps(
+            {
+                "tests/integration/test_a.py": 5.0,
+                "tests/integration/test_b.py": 7.0,
+                "tests/integration/test_gone.py": 9.0,
+            }
+        ),
+        encoding="utf-8",
+    )
+    junit_dir = tmp_path / "junit"
+    junit_dir.mkdir()
+    _write_junit(
+        junit_dir / "a.xml",
+        '<testcase classname="tests.integration.test_a" name="t" time="6.0"/>',
+    )
+    with (
+        patch.object(helpers, "root_path", str(tmp_path)),
+        patch.object(uitd, "DURATIONS_FILE", durations_file),
+    ):
+        # 1 of 3 files covered: refused without --allow-partial
+        with patch.object(sys, "argv", ["uitd", str(junit_dir)]):
+            assert uitd.main() == uitd.EXIT_LOW_COVERAGE
+        with patch.object(sys, "argv", ["uitd", str(junit_dir), "--allow-partial"]):
+            assert uitd.main() == 0
+    # test_a updated, test_b kept, deleted test_gone dropped
+    assert json.loads(durations_file.read_text()) == {
+        "tests/integration/test_a.py": 6.0,
+        "tests/integration/test_b.py": 7.0,
+    }
diff --git a/tests/test_build_components/build_components_base.rp2350-ard.yaml b/tests/test_build_components/build_components_base.rp2350-ard.yaml
index 5df1670862..f76c5fc3f9 100644
--- a/tests/test_build_components/build_components_base.rp2350-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/test_build_components/build_components_base.rp2350-ard.yaml
@@ -2,8 +2,10 @@ esphome:
   name: componenttestrp2040pico2ard
   friendly_name: $component_name
 
+# rpipico2w: superset of rpipico2 with the CYW43 radio, so wireless
+# components (wifi, BLE) can share this target too.
 rp2:
-  board: rpipico2
+  board: rpipico2w
 
 logger:
   level: VERY_VERBOSE
diff --git a/tests/test_build_components/common/README.md b/tests/test_build_components/common/README.md
index a3c6f476e0..010313db7f 100644
--- a/tests/test_build_components/common/README.md
+++ b/tests/test_build_components/common/README.md
@@ -31,11 +31,14 @@ common/
 │   ├── esp32-c3-idf.yaml
 │   ├── esp8266-ard.yaml
 │   └── rp2040-ard.yaml
-├── modbus/           # Modbus (includes uart via packages)
+├── modbus/           # Modbus client (includes uart via packages)
 │   ├── esp32-idf.yaml
 │   ├── esp32-c3-idf.yaml
 │   ├── esp8266-ard.yaml
 │   └── rp2040-ard.yaml
+├── modbus_server/    # Modbus server (includes uart via packages)
+│   ├── esp32-idf.yaml
+│   └── esp8266-ard.yaml
 └── ble/
     ├── esp32-idf.yaml
     ├── esp32-ard.yaml
diff --git a/tests/test_build_components/common/modbus_server/esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/test_build_components/common/modbus_server/esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..093467ebfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_build_components/common/modbus_server/esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# Common server-role Modbus configuration for ESP32 IDF tests
+# Provides a shared Modbus bus that all Modbus server components can use
+
+packages:
+  uart: !include ../uart/esp32-idf.yaml
+
+modbus:
+  - id: modbus_server_bus
+    uart_id: uart_bus
+    role: server
diff --git a/tests/test_build_components/common/modbus_server/esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/test_build_components/common/modbus_server/esp8266-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ab9cad8b56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_build_components/common/modbus_server/esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# Common server-role Modbus configuration for ESP8266 Arduino tests
+# Provides a shared Modbus bus that all Modbus server components can use
+
+packages:
+  uart: !include ../uart/esp8266-ard.yaml
+
+modbus:
+  - id: modbus_server_bus
+    uart_id: uart_bus
+    role: server
diff --git a/tests/test_build_components/common/uart_9600_even_7bits/esp32-ard.yaml b/tests/test_build_components/common/uart_9600_even_7bits/esp32-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f0d24b9a18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_build_components/common/uart_9600_even_7bits/esp32-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Common UART configuration for ESP32 Arduino tests - 9600 baud, EVEN parity, 7 data bits
+
+substitutions:
+  tx_pin: GPIO17
+  rx_pin: GPIO16
+
+uart:
+  - id: uart_bus
+    tx_pin: ${tx_pin}
+    rx_pin: ${rx_pin}
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    parity: EVEN
+    data_bits: 7
+    stop_bits: 1
diff --git a/tests/test_build_components/common/uart_9600_even_7bits/esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/test_build_components/common/uart_9600_even_7bits/esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e85fa7fc71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_build_components/common/uart_9600_even_7bits/esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Common UART configuration for ESP32 IDF tests - 9600 baud, EVEN parity, 7 data bits
+
+substitutions:
+  tx_pin: GPIO17
+  rx_pin: GPIO16
+
+uart:
+  - id: uart_bus
+    tx_pin: ${tx_pin}
+    rx_pin: ${rx_pin}
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    parity: EVEN
+    data_bits: 7
+    stop_bits: 1
diff --git a/tests/test_build_components/common/uart_9600_even_7bits/esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/test_build_components/common/uart_9600_even_7bits/esp8266-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..488bfdbeab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_build_components/common/uart_9600_even_7bits/esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Common UART configuration for ESP8266 Arduino tests - 9600 baud even parity, 7 data bits
+
+substitutions:
+  tx_pin: GPIO4
+  rx_pin: GPIO5
+
+uart:
+  - id: uart_bus
+    tx_pin: ${tx_pin}
+    rx_pin: ${rx_pin}
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    parity: EVEN
+    data_bits: 7
+    stop_bits: 1
diff --git a/tests/test_build_components/common/uart_9600_even_7bits/rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/test_build_components/common/uart_9600_even_7bits/rp2040-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..08bec00820
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_build_components/common/uart_9600_even_7bits/rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Common UART configuration for RP2040 Arduino tests - 9600 baud even parity, 7 data bits
+
+substitutions:
+  tx_pin: GPIO0
+  rx_pin: GPIO1
+
+uart:
+  - id: uart_bus
+    tx_pin: ${tx_pin}
+    rx_pin: ${rx_pin}
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    parity: EVEN
+    data_bits: 7
+    stop_bits: 1
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/__init__.py b/tests/unit_tests/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/analyze_memory/test_build_artifacts.py b/tests/unit_tests/analyze_memory/test_build_artifacts.py
index d97ee94e1c..ed37858b86 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/analyze_memory/test_build_artifacts.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/analyze_memory/test_build_artifacts.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ from esphome.analyze_memory.toolchain import (
     find_idedata_path,
     idedata_candidates,
 )
-from esphome.espidf.idedata import _cc_path_from_cxx
+from esphome.build_helpers.idedata import _cc_path_from_cxx
 from esphome.platformio.toolchain import IDEData
 
 
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/build_gen/__init__.py b/tests/unit_tests/build_gen/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/build_gen/test_build_tool.py b/tests/unit_tests/build_gen/test_build_tool.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b029c647ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/build_gen/test_build_tool.py
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+"""Tests for the ninja build-tool helper script."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.build_gen import build_tool
+
+
+def test_ar_removes_stale_archive(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    archive = tmp_path / "lib.a"
+    archive.write_text("stale")
+    rsp = tmp_path / "lib.a.rsp"
+    rsp.write_text("a.o\n")
+    with (
+        patch.object(
+            build_tool.sys,
+            "argv",
+            ["build_tool", "ar", "ar-bin", str(archive), str(rsp)],
+        ),
+        patch.object(
+            build_tool.subprocess, "run", return_value=MagicMock(returncode=0)
+        ) as mock_run,
+    ):
+        assert build_tool.main() == 0
+    assert not archive.exists()
+    # The rspfile is expanded by the shim (GNU ar would escape backslashes)
+    assert mock_run.call_args[0][0] == ["ar-bin", "rcs", str(archive), "a.o"]
+
+
+def test_copy(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    src = tmp_path / "firmware.bin"
+    src.write_text("data")
+    dst = tmp_path / "firmware.factory.bin"
+    with patch.object(
+        build_tool.sys, "argv", ["build_tool", "copy", str(src), str(dst)]
+    ):
+        assert build_tool.main() == 0
+    assert dst.read_text() == "data"
+
+
+def test_unknown_mode(capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
+    with patch.object(build_tool.sys, "argv", ["build_tool", "bogus"]):
+        assert build_tool.main() == 1
+    assert "unknown build_tool mode" in capsys.readouterr().err
+
+
+def test_runs_as_script(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """The ninja rules invoke the file as a plain script."""
+
+    src = tmp_path / "a.bin"
+    src.write_text("x")
+    dst = tmp_path / "b.bin"
+    result = subprocess.run(
+        [sys.executable, build_tool.__file__, "copy", str(src), str(dst)],
+        check=False,
+    )
+    assert result.returncode == 0
+    assert dst.read_text() == "x"
+
+
+def test_ar_expands_rspfile_without_escaping(tmp_path) -> None:
+    """Backslash paths survive: the shim expands the rspfile itself instead
+    of letting GNU ar treat backslashes as escapes."""
+    rsp = tmp_path / "objs.rsp"
+    rsp.write_text("obj/a.o\nsub\\b.o\n")
+    with (
+        patch.object(
+            build_tool.sys,
+            "argv",
+            ["build_tool", "ar", "ar-bin", str(tmp_path / "lib.a"), str(rsp)],
+        ),
+        patch.object(
+            build_tool.subprocess, "run", return_value=MagicMock(returncode=0)
+        ) as mock_run,
+    ):
+        assert build_tool.main() == 0
+    assert mock_run.call_args[0][0] == [
+        "ar-bin",
+        "rcs",
+        str(tmp_path / "lib.a"),
+        "obj/a.o",
+        "sub\\b.o",
+    ]
+
+
+def test_ar_unquotes_ninja_escaped_paths(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """The shim strips a simple surrounding quote, since ninja shell-
+    quotes special rsp paths, so ar sees the real filename."""
+    rsp = tmp_path / "t.rsp"
+    rsp.write_text("'obj/a b.o'\nobj/c.o\n")
+    with (
+        patch.object(
+            build_tool.sys, "argv", ["bt", "ar", "/usr/bin/ar", "lib.a", str(rsp)]
+        ),
+        patch.object(build_tool.subprocess, "run") as mock_run,
+    ):
+        mock_run.return_value.returncode = 0
+        rc = build_tool.main()
+    assert rc == 0
+    assert mock_run.call_args.args[0] == [
+        "/usr/bin/ar",
+        "rcs",
+        "lib.a",
+        "obj/a b.o",
+        "obj/c.o",
+    ]
+
+
+def test_ar_empty_object_list_fails(
+    tmp_path: Path, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
+) -> None:
+    """A lost object list is an error here, not undefined symbols at link."""
+    rsp = tmp_path / "t.rsp"
+    rsp.write_text("\n\n")
+    with patch.object(
+        build_tool.sys, "argv", ["bt", "ar", "/usr/bin/ar", "lib.a", str(rsp)]
+    ):
+        rc = build_tool.main()
+    assert rc == 1
+    assert "no objects listed" in capsys.readouterr().err
+
+
+def test_ar_batches_long_object_lists(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """The expanded argv must stay under the Windows 32767-char limit: a
+    long object list creates with rcs, then appends with qs."""
+    archive = tmp_path / "lib.a"
+    rsp = tmp_path / "lib.a.rsp"
+    objects = [f"dir/{'x' * 120}_{i}.o" for i in range(400)]
+    rsp.write_text("\n".join(objects) + "\n")
+    with (
+        patch.object(
+            build_tool.sys,
+            "argv",
+            ["build_tool", "ar", "ar-bin", str(archive), str(rsp)],
+        ),
+        patch.object(
+            build_tool.subprocess, "run", return_value=MagicMock(returncode=0)
+        ) as mock_run,
+    ):
+        assert build_tool.main() == 0
+    calls = [c[0][0] for c in mock_run.call_args_list]
+    assert len(calls) > 1
+    assert calls[0][1] == "rcs"
+    assert all(c[1] == "qs" for c in calls[1:])
+    assert [o for c in calls for o in c[3:]] == objects
+    assert all(sum(len(a) + 1 for a in c) < 32000 for c in calls)
+
+
+def test_ar_batch_failure_stops(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A failing batch propagates its exit code without running the rest."""
+    archive = tmp_path / "lib.a"
+    rsp = tmp_path / "lib.a.rsp"
+    rsp.write_text("\n".join(f"{'y' * 200}_{i}.o" for i in range(300)) + "\n")
+    with (
+        patch.object(
+            build_tool.sys,
+            "argv",
+            ["build_tool", "ar", "ar-bin", str(archive), str(rsp)],
+        ),
+        patch.object(
+            build_tool.subprocess,
+            "run",
+            side_effect=lambda cmd, **kw: (
+                archive.write_text("partial"),
+                MagicMock(returncode=3),
+            )[1],
+        ) as mock_run,
+    ):
+        assert build_tool.main() == 3
+    assert mock_run.call_count == 1
+    # The failed batch must not leave a truncated archive behind
+    assert not archive.exists()
+
+
+def test_ar_exception_leaves_no_partial_archive(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A missing ar binary mid-loop must not leave a truncated archive from
+    earlier successful batches."""
+    archive = tmp_path / "lib.a"
+    rsp = tmp_path / "lib.a.rsp"
+    rsp.write_text("a.o\n")
+    with (
+        patch.object(
+            build_tool.sys,
+            "argv",
+            ["build_tool", "ar", "ar-bin", str(archive), str(rsp)],
+        ),
+        patch.object(
+            build_tool.subprocess,
+            "run",
+            side_effect=lambda cmd, **kw: (
+                archive.write_text("partial"),
+                (_ for _ in ()).throw(FileNotFoundError("no ar")),
+            ),
+        ),
+        pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError),
+    ):
+        build_tool.main()
+    assert not archive.exists()
+
+
+def test_surplus_arguments_error(capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
+    """A mis-specified ninja rule passing extra operands errors instead of
+    silently dropping them."""
+    with patch.object(
+        build_tool.sys, "argv", ["build_tool", "copy", "a", "b", "extra"]
+    ):
+        assert build_tool.main() == 1
+    assert "expected 2 arguments, got 3" in capsys.readouterr().err
+
+
+def test_copy_same_file_keeps_the_input(
+    tmp_path: Path, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
+) -> None:
+    """A same-file copy (dst IS src) must not unlink the input, and fails
+    with a message and exit code like the other shim paths."""
+    src = tmp_path / "firmware.bin"
+    src.write_bytes(b"image")
+    with patch.object(
+        build_tool.sys, "argv", ["build_tool", "copy", str(src), str(src)]
+    ):
+        assert build_tool.main() == 1
+    assert src.read_bytes() == b"image"
+    assert "failed" in capsys.readouterr().err
+
+
+def test_copy_failure_leaves_no_partial_output(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A failed copy unlinks the destination; a partial firmware image must
+    never be left on disk."""
+    dst = tmp_path / "firmware.factory.bin"
+    dst.write_text("stale")
+    with (
+        patch.object(build_tool.shutil, "copyfile", side_effect=OSError("disk full")),
+        patch.object(
+            build_tool.sys,
+            "argv",
+            ["build_tool", "copy", str(tmp_path / "src.bin"), str(dst)],
+        ),
+    ):
+        assert build_tool.main() == 1
+    assert not dst.exists()
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/build_gen/test_espidf.py b/tests/unit_tests/build_gen/test_espidf.py
index f21549b48c..079f10ddb9 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/build_gen/test_espidf.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/build_gen/test_espidf.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import json
+import logging
 from pathlib import Path
 from unittest.mock import patch
 
@@ -11,10 +12,12 @@ import pytest
 from esphome.components.esp32 import (
     KEY_COMPONENTS,
     KEY_ESP32,
+    KEY_EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS,
     KEY_IDF_VERSION,
     KEY_PATH,
     KEY_REF,
     KEY_REPO,
+    register_exclude_components_cmake_arg,
 )
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import KEY_CORE
@@ -28,25 +31,42 @@ def _reset_core(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     CORE.data.setdefault(KEY_CORE, {})
     CORE.data[KEY_ESP32] = {
         KEY_COMPONENTS: {},
+        KEY_EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS: set(),
         KEY_IDF_VERSION: cv.Version(5, 5, 4),
     }
 
 
-def _write_project_description(tmp_path: Path, components: dict[str, str]) -> None:
+def _write_project_description(
+    tmp_path: Path, components: dict[str, str], idf_path: str = "/idf"
+) -> None:
     """Stub a project_description.json with the given component_name -> dir map."""
     build_dir = tmp_path / "build"
     build_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
     (build_dir / "project_description.json").write_text(
         json.dumps(
             {
+                "idf_path": idf_path,
                 "build_component_info": {
                     name: {"dir": dir_} for name, dir_ in components.items()
-                }
+                },
             }
         )
     )
 
 
+def _render(minimal: bool = False, builtin_components: list[str] | None = None) -> str:
+    """Render the top-level CMakeLists with the standard variant/name patches."""
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.build_gen.espidf.get_esp32_variant", return_value="ESP32"),
+        patch.object(CORE, "name", "test"),
+    ):
+        from esphome.build_gen.espidf import get_project_cmakelists
+
+        return get_project_cmakelists(
+            minimal=minimal, builtin_components=builtin_components
+        )
+
+
 def test_get_available_components_returns_none_without_build_path() -> None:
     """No build_path set yet: must not raise on Path(None)."""
     CORE.build_path = None
@@ -63,8 +83,11 @@ def test_get_available_components_returns_none_without_project_description(
     assert get_available_components() is None
 
 
-def test_get_available_components_filters_src_managed_and_pio(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-    """Built-ins are returned; src/, managed_components/, pio_components/ skipped."""
+def test_get_available_components_keeps_only_idf_tree_components(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """Only components under idf_path/components are built-ins: src, managed,
+    converted PIO libs and Arduino component_stubs are all left out."""
     _write_project_description(
         tmp_path,
         {
@@ -72,6 +95,7 @@ def test_get_available_components_filters_src_managed_and_pio(tmp_path: Path) ->
             "esp_lcd": "/idf/components/esp_lcd",
             "espressif__arduino-esp32": f"{tmp_path}/managed_components/arduino",
             "JPEGDEC": f"{tmp_path}/pio_components/arduino/abc/bitbank2/JPEGDEC",
+            "cbor": f"{tmp_path}/component_stubs/cbor",
             "freertos": "/idf/components/freertos",
         },
     )
@@ -80,6 +104,75 @@ def test_get_available_components_filters_src_managed_and_pio(tmp_path: Path) ->
     assert sorted(get_available_components()) == ["esp_lcd", "freertos"]
 
 
+def test_codegen_and_configure_writes_render_the_same_cmakelists(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """write_project() at codegen time (no list) and the configure-time write
+    (discovered list) must agree, or ninja re-runs cmake on every build."""
+    _write_project_description(
+        tmp_path,
+        {
+            "lwip": "/idf/components/lwip",
+            "cbor": f"{tmp_path}/component_stubs/cbor",
+        },
+    )
+    from esphome.build_gen.espidf import get_available_components
+
+    assert _render() == _render(builtin_components=get_available_components())
+    assert "ESPHOME_PROJECT_BUILTIN_COMPONENTS cbor" not in _render()
+
+
+def test_get_available_components_warns_when_nothing_is_under_idf_path(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    _write_project_description(tmp_path, {"cbor": f"{tmp_path}/component_stubs/cbor"})
+    from esphome.build_gen.espidf import (
+        get_available_components,
+        has_discovered_components,
+    )
+
+    assert get_available_components() == []
+    assert "No ESP-IDF components found under" in caplog.text
+    # An empty discovery must not count as configured, or it would be latched in.
+    assert not has_discovered_components()
+
+
+def test_get_available_components_ignores_corrupt_or_unexpected_file(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    build_dir = tmp_path / "build"
+    build_dir.mkdir()
+    from esphome.build_gen.espidf import (
+        get_available_components,
+        has_discovered_components,
+    )
+
+    (build_dir / "project_description.json").write_text("{not json")
+    assert get_available_components() is None
+    assert not has_discovered_components()
+    (build_dir / "project_description.json").write_text('{"build_component_info": {}}')
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.DEBUG, logger="esphome.build_gen.espidf"):
+        assert get_available_components() is None
+    assert "Could not read" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_has_discovered_components_after_configure(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    _write_project_description(tmp_path, {"lwip": "/idf/components/lwip"})
+    from esphome.build_gen.espidf import has_discovered_components
+
+    assert has_discovered_components()
+
+
+def test_get_project_cmakelists_uses_supplied_builtin_components() -> None:
+    """A cached list replaces project_description.json and is still filtered
+    by EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS."""
+    with patch.dict(CORE.cmake_args, {"EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS": "fatfs;unity"}):
+        content = _render(builtin_components=["lwip", "fatfs", "esp_timer"])
+    assert "ESPHOME_PROJECT_BUILTIN_COMPONENTS esp_timer APPEND" in content
+    assert "ESPHOME_PROJECT_BUILTIN_COMPONENTS lwip APPEND" in content
+    assert "ESPHOME_PROJECT_BUILTIN_COMPONENTS fatfs APPEND" not in content
+
+
 def test_get_project_cmakelists_minimal_omits_builtin_components_property(
     tmp_path: Path,
 ) -> None:
@@ -88,13 +181,7 @@ def test_get_project_cmakelists_minimal_omits_builtin_components_property(
     first write before the discovery pass refreshes it)."""
     _write_project_description(tmp_path, {"esp_lcd": "/idf/components/esp_lcd"})
 
-    with (
-        patch("esphome.build_gen.espidf.get_esp32_variant", return_value="ESP32"),
-        patch.object(CORE, "name", "test"),
-    ):
-        from esphome.build_gen.espidf import get_project_cmakelists
-
-        content = get_project_cmakelists(minimal=True)
+    content = _render(minimal=True)
 
     assert "ESPHOME_PROJECT_BUILTIN_COMPONENTS" not in content
 
@@ -115,13 +202,7 @@ def test_get_project_cmakelists_full_emits_builtin_components_property(
         },
     )
 
-    with (
-        patch("esphome.build_gen.espidf.get_esp32_variant", return_value="ESP32"),
-        patch.object(CORE, "name", "test"),
-    ):
-        from esphome.build_gen.espidf import get_project_cmakelists
-
-        content = get_project_cmakelists(minimal=False)
+    content = _render()
 
     assert (
         "idf_build_set_property(ESPHOME_PROJECT_BUILTIN_COMPONENTS esp_lcd APPEND)"
@@ -136,6 +217,118 @@ def test_get_project_cmakelists_full_emits_builtin_components_property(
     assert "JPEGDEC APPEND" not in content
 
 
+def test_get_project_cmakelists_emits_cmake_args() -> None:
+    """Args registered via CORE.add_cmake_arg() are emitted as set() lines,
+    on minimal writes too."""
+    CORE.add_cmake_arg("EXECUTABLE_COMPONENT_NAME", "src")
+
+    content = _render(minimal=True)
+
+    assert 'set(EXECUTABLE_COMPONENT_NAME "src")' in content
+
+
+def test_get_project_cmakelists_escapes_backslashes_in_cmake_args() -> None:
+    """Backslashes (the only character escaping applies to; the rest are
+    rejected at registration) are doubled so CMake reads the value back
+    verbatim."""
+    CORE.add_cmake_arg("MY_PATH", r"C:\esp\idf")
+
+    content = _render(minimal=True)
+
+    assert r'set(MY_PATH "C:\\esp\\idf")' in content
+
+
+def test_get_project_cmakelists_emits_exclude_components(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Excluded components are passed to IDF via EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS and are
+    dropped from ESPHOME_PROJECT_BUILTIN_COMPONENTS even when a stale
+    project_description.json still lists them (requiring an excluded
+    component would pull it back into the build)."""
+    _write_project_description(
+        tmp_path,
+        {
+            "esp_lcd": "/idf/components/esp_lcd",
+            "freertos": "/idf/components/freertos",
+            "unity": "/idf/components/unity",
+        },
+    )
+    CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS] = {"unity", "esp_lcd"}
+    register_exclude_components_cmake_arg()
+
+    content = _render()
+
+    assert 'set(EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS "esp_lcd;unity")' in content
+    # Must be set before project() so project.cmake sees it.
+    assert content.index("set(EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS") < content.index("project(test)")
+    assert (
+        "idf_build_set_property(ESPHOME_PROJECT_BUILTIN_COMPONENTS freertos APPEND)"
+        in content
+    )
+    assert "ESPHOME_PROJECT_BUILTIN_COMPONENTS unity" not in content
+    assert "ESPHOME_PROJECT_BUILTIN_COMPONENTS esp_lcd" not in content
+
+
+def test_get_project_cmakelists_minimal_emits_exclude_components() -> None:
+    """The discovery (minimal) write also excludes components so they never
+    register in project_description.json."""
+    CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS] = {"unity"}
+    register_exclude_components_cmake_arg()
+
+    content = _render(minimal=True)
+
+    assert 'set(EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS "unity")' in content
+
+
+def test_get_project_cmakelists_no_exclude_components_line_when_empty() -> None:
+    """No EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS line at all when nothing is excluded."""
+    register_exclude_components_cmake_arg()
+
+    content = _render()
+
+    assert "EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS" not in content
+
+
+def test_include_builtin_idf_component_removes_exclusion() -> None:
+    """include_builtin_idf_component() drops a name from the exclusion set so
+    a component a config actually uses is not passed to EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS."""
+    from esphome.components.esp32 import (
+        exclude_builtin_idf_component,
+        get_excluded_builtin_components,
+        include_builtin_idf_component,
+    )
+
+    exclude_builtin_idf_component("esp_eth")
+    exclude_builtin_idf_component("unity")
+    include_builtin_idf_component("esp_eth")
+
+    assert get_excluded_builtin_components() == ["unity"]
+
+    register_exclude_components_cmake_arg()
+    content = _render()
+
+    assert 'set(EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS "unity")' in content
+    assert "esp_eth" not in content
+
+
+def test_write_project_writes_exclude_components_stamp(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """write_project() snapshots the exclusion set; the toolchain watches the
+    stamp to trigger a discovery reconfigure when the set changes (excluded
+    components never register in project_description.json)."""
+    CORE.build_flags = set()
+    CORE.build_path = tmp_path
+    CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS] = {"unity", "esp_lcd"}
+
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.build_gen.espidf.get_esp32_variant", return_value="ESP32"),
+        patch.object(CORE, "name", "test"),
+    ):
+        from esphome.build_gen.espidf import write_project
+
+        write_project()
+
+    stamp = tmp_path / "exclude_components.esphomeinternal"
+    assert stamp.read_text() == "esp_lcd;unity"
+
+
 def test_get_component_cmakelists_no_link_flags() -> None:
     """With no -Wl, flags the target_link_options block is emitted with an empty body."""
     CORE.build_flags = set()
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/build_gen/test_platformio.py b/tests/unit_tests/build_gen/test_platformio.py
index 3df2fb1036..20acbe302c 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/build_gen/test_platformio.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/build_gen/test_platformio.py
@@ -169,6 +169,7 @@ def clean_core(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
     monkeypatch.setattr(CORE, "platformio_libraries", {})
     monkeypatch.setattr(CORE, "build_flags", set())
     monkeypatch.setattr(CORE, "build_unflags", set())
+    monkeypatch.setattr(CORE, "cmake_args", {})
 
 
 def test_get_ini_content_pins_cpp_standard(
@@ -202,6 +203,49 @@ def test_get_ini_content_no_cpp_standard(
     assert "-std=" not in content
 
 
+def test_get_ini_content_emits_cmake_args(
+    clean_core: None, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
+    """Registered args are space-joined into one option, sorted by name."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        CORE,
+        "cmake_args",
+        {"EXECUTABLE_COMPONENT_NAME": "src", "EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS": "unity"},
+    )
+
+    content = platformio.get_ini_content()
+
+    assert (
+        "board_build.cmake_extra_args = "
+        "-DEXCLUDE_COMPONENTS=unity -DEXECUTABLE_COMPONENT_NAME=src" in content
+    )
+
+
+def test_get_ini_content_no_cmake_option_when_no_args(clean_core: None) -> None:
+    """No board_build.cmake_extra_args line at all when nothing registered
+    (ESP8266/RP2040/LibreTiny builds must not get a blank option)."""
+    content = platformio.get_ini_content()
+
+    assert "board_build.cmake_extra_args" not in content
+
+
+def test_get_ini_content_overwrites_list_valued_user_cmake_option(
+    clean_core: None, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
+    """A user-supplied board_build.cmake_extra_args may be a list; the
+    registered args must replace it without tripping add_platformio_option's
+    list-append assert."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        CORE, "platformio_options", {"board_build.cmake_extra_args": ["-DFOO=1"]}
+    )
+    monkeypatch.setattr(CORE, "cmake_args", {"EXECUTABLE_COMPONENT_NAME": "src"})
+
+    content = platformio.get_ini_content()
+
+    assert "board_build.cmake_extra_args = -DEXECUTABLE_COMPONENT_NAME=src" in content
+    assert "-DFOO=1" not in content
+
+
 def test_write_cxx_flags_script_emits_registered_flags(
     tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
 ) -> None:
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/build_helpers/__init__.py b/tests/unit_tests/build_helpers/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/build_helpers/test_ccache.py b/tests/unit_tests/build_helpers/test_ccache.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0237db4081
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/build_helpers/test_ccache.py
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+"""Tests for the shared ccache policy in esphome.build_helpers.ccache."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+from types import SimpleNamespace
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.build_helpers import ccache
+
+
+def test_resolve_opt_out() -> None:
+    with patch.dict(os.environ, {"ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE": "0"}):
+        assert ccache.resolve_ccache_path() is None
+
+
+def test_resolve_no_binary(caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture) -> None:
+    with (
+        patch.dict(os.environ, {}, clear=True),
+        patch("shutil.which", return_value=None),
+    ):
+        assert ccache.resolve_ccache_path() is None
+    assert "no ccache binary" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_resolve_probe_failure() -> None:
+    with (
+        patch.dict(os.environ, {}, clear=True),
+        patch("shutil.which", return_value="/usr/bin/ccache"),
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers.subprocess.run", side_effect=OSError("boom")),
+    ):
+        assert ccache.resolve_ccache_path() is None
+
+
+def test_resolve_explicit_skips_probe_and_warns_missing(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    with (
+        patch.dict(os.environ, {"ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE": "1"}, clear=True),
+        patch("shutil.which", return_value="/usr/bin/ccache"),
+        patch.object(ccache, "_ccache_runs", side_effect=AssertionError),
+    ):
+        assert ccache.resolve_ccache_path() == "/usr/bin/ccache"
+    with (
+        patch.dict(os.environ, {"ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE": "1"}, clear=True),
+        patch("shutil.which", return_value=None),
+    ):
+        assert ccache.resolve_ccache_path() is None
+    assert "no ccache binary is on PATH" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_probe_spawns_with_close_fds_false() -> None:
+    with patch("esphome.framework_helpers.subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+        assert ccache._ccache_runs("/usr/bin/ccache") is True
+    assert mock_run.call_args.kwargs["close_fds"] is False
+
+
+def test_defaults_env(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.core.CORE", SimpleNamespace(build_path=tmp_path / "b")),
+        patch.dict(os.environ, {"CCACHE_NOHASHDIR": "false"}, clear=True),
+    ):
+        env = ccache.ccache_defaults_env(tmp_path / "cache")
+    assert env["CCACHE_DIR"] == str(tmp_path / "cache")
+    assert env["CCACHE_DEPEND"] == "1"
+    assert "CCACHE_NOHASHDIR" not in env  # user value respected
+
+
+def test_defaults_env_requires_build_path() -> None:
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.core.CORE", SimpleNamespace(build_path=None)),
+        pytest.raises(ValueError, match="build_path"),
+    ):
+        ccache.ccache_defaults_env(Path("/x"))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("value", ["no", "off", "false", "0"])
+def test_resolve_opt_out_synonyms(value: str) -> None:
+    """Every recognized falsy spelling disables ccache."""
+    with patch.dict(os.environ, {"ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE": value}):
+        assert ccache.resolve_ccache_path() is None
+
+
+def test_resolve_unrecognized_value_warns_and_probes(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """An unparsable ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE is treated as unset: it must not
+    silently enable ccache or skip the runnability probe."""
+    with (
+        patch.dict(os.environ, {"ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE": "enabled"}),
+        patch("shutil.which", return_value="/usr/bin/ccache"),
+        patch.object(ccache, "_ccache_runs", return_value=False) as mock_probe,
+    ):
+        assert ccache.resolve_ccache_path() is None
+    mock_probe.assert_called_once()
+    assert "unrecognized ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE" in caplog.text
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("raw", "expected"),
+    [
+        ("1", True),
+        ("enable", True),
+        ("ON", True),
+        ("0", False),
+        ("disable", False),
+        ("Off", False),
+        ("maybe", None),
+        # ENV KNOB= (Docker/CI) has always read as a disable
+        ("", False),
+        ("   ", False),
+    ],
+)
+def test_parse_enable_env_spelling_tables(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, raw: str, expected: bool | None
+) -> None:
+    """cv.boolean's spelling tables plus the 1/0 env convention."""
+    monkeypatch.setenv("ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE", raw)
+    assert ccache.parse_enable_env("ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE") is expected
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/build_helpers/test_idedata.py b/tests/unit_tests/build_helpers/test_idedata.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fcf9c67086
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/build_helpers/test_idedata.py
@@ -0,0 +1,678 @@
+"""Tests for esphome.build_helpers.idedata (compile_commands.json -> idedata)."""
+
+# pylint: disable=protected-access
+
+import json
+import logging
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.build_helpers import idedata
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError
+
+# An absolute, forward-slash (shlex-safe) path prefix valid on the host OS, so
+# tests exercise the same is-absolute / normalize behavior as a real compile DB
+# (a drive-qualified path on Windows, a leading slash elsewhere).
+ABS = "C:/" if os.name == "nt" else "/"
+
+
+def _entry(directory: str, file: str, command: str) -> dict:
+    return {"directory": directory, "file": file, "command": command}
+
+
+def test_parse_entry_extracts_fields() -> None:
+    """cxx_path, defines, includes and remaining flags are split apart."""
+    entry = _entry(
+        f"{ABS}build",
+        f"{ABS}build/src/esphome/core/application.cpp",
+        f"/tools/xtensa-esp32-elf-g++ -DUSE_ESP32 -DESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL=5 "
+        f"-I{ABS}inc/a -isystem {ABS}sys/b -std=gnu++20 -c app.cpp -o app.cpp.o",
+    )
+
+    cxx_path, defines, includes, cxx_flags = idedata.parse_entry(entry)
+
+    assert cxx_path == "/tools/xtensa-esp32-elf-g++"
+    assert "USE_ESP32" in defines
+    assert "ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL=5" in defines
+    assert f"{ABS}inc/a" in includes
+    assert f"{ABS}sys/b" in includes
+    assert "-std=gnu++20" in cxx_flags
+    # input/output files and their flags are not treated as flags
+    assert "-c" not in cxx_flags
+    assert "-o" not in cxx_flags
+    assert "app.cpp" not in cxx_flags
+    assert "app.cpp.o" not in cxx_flags
+
+
+def test_parse_entry_space_separated_args() -> None:
+    """``-D X`` / ``-I path`` (separate arg) and ``-isystem<path>`` (joined)."""
+    entry = _entry(
+        f"{ABS}build",
+        f"{ABS}build/src/esphome/x.cpp",
+        f"g++ -D FOO=1 -I {ABS}inc/sep -isystem{ABS}sys/joined -c x.cpp",
+    )
+
+    _, defines, includes, _ = idedata.parse_entry(entry)
+
+    assert "FOO=1" in defines
+    assert f"{ABS}inc/sep" in includes
+    assert f"{ABS}sys/joined" in includes
+
+
+def test_parse_entry_resolves_relative_includes() -> None:
+    """Relative includes are resolved against the entry's ``directory``."""
+    directory = f"{ABS}build/proj"
+    entry = _entry(
+        directory,
+        f"{directory}/src/esphome/x.cpp",
+        "g++ -Iconfig -I../shared -isystem rel/sys -c x.cpp",
+    )
+
+    _, _, includes, _ = idedata.parse_entry(entry)
+
+    def resolved(rel: str) -> str:
+        # parse_entry emits forward slashes for consistency (normpath would
+        # yield backslashes on Windows).
+        return os.path.normpath(Path(directory) / rel).replace("\\", "/")
+
+    assert resolved("config") in includes
+    assert resolved("../shared") in includes  # ../ normalized away
+    assert resolved("rel/sys") in includes
+    # nothing is left relative
+    assert all(Path(inc).is_absolute() for inc in includes)
+
+
+def test_parse_entry_skips_dependency_flags() -> None:
+    """Dependency-generation flags (and their args) are dropped."""
+    entry = _entry(
+        "/build",
+        "/build/src/esphome/x.cpp",
+        "g++ -MD -MT x.cpp.o -MF x.cpp.o.d -c x.cpp -o x.cpp.o",
+    )
+
+    _, _, _, cxx_flags = idedata.parse_entry(entry)
+
+    for tok in ("-MD", "-MT", "x.cpp.o", "-MF", "x.cpp.o.d", "-c", "-o", "x.cpp"):
+        assert tok not in cxx_flags
+
+
+def test_expand_response_files(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """``@file`` arguments are inlined relative to the directory."""
+    rsp = tmp_path / "flags.rsp"
+    rsp.write_text("-DFROM_RSP -I/rsp/inc")
+
+    tokens = idedata._expand_response_files(
+        ["g++", f"@{rsp.name}", "-c", "x.cpp"], tmp_path
+    )
+
+    assert "-DFROM_RSP" in tokens
+    assert "-I/rsp/inc" in tokens
+    assert not any(t.startswith("@") for t in tokens)
+
+
+def test_expand_response_files_keeps_literal_when_missing(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """An unreadable ``@file`` token is kept verbatim rather than dropped."""
+    tokens = idedata._expand_response_files(["g++", "@nope.rsp"], tmp_path)
+    assert "@nope.rsp" in tokens
+
+
+def test_pick_entry_prefers_esphome_tu() -> None:
+    """A ``/src/esphome/`` C++ TU is picked over other compile entries."""
+    entries = [
+        _entry("/b", "/b/managed_components/foo/foo.c", "gcc -c foo.c"),
+        _entry("/b", "/b/src/esphome/core/app.cpp", "g++ -c app.cpp"),
+    ]
+    assert idedata._pick_entry(entries)["file"].endswith("app.cpp")
+
+
+def test_pick_entry_falls_back_to_any_cxx_tu() -> None:
+    """With no ``/src/esphome/`` TU present, the first C++ entry is the fallback."""
+    entries = [
+        _entry("/b", "/b/managed_components/foo/foo.c", "gcc -c foo.c"),
+        _entry("/b", "/b/components/x/x.cpp", "g++ -c x.cpp"),
+    ]
+    assert idedata._pick_entry(entries)["file"].endswith("x.cpp")
+
+
+def test_is_esphome_src_handles_backslash_paths() -> None:
+    r"""The src marker must match Windows ``\src\esphome\`` paths too.
+
+    compile_commands ``file`` entries use the OS-native separator; if the
+    marker only matched forward slashes no source would match on Windows and
+    the build-include union would be silently empty.
+    """
+    assert idedata._is_esphome_src(r"C:\b\src\esphome\core\app.cpp")
+    assert idedata._is_esphome_src("/b/src/esphome/core/app.cpp")
+    # non-esphome and non-C++ still rejected regardless of separator
+    assert not idedata._is_esphome_src(r"C:\b\managed_components\x\x.cpp")
+    assert not idedata._is_esphome_src(r"C:\b\src\esphome\core\app.h")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("command", "launcher"),
+    [
+        ("", None),
+        # A command that is only the launcher strips to nothing
+        ("/usr/bin/ccache", "/usr/bin/ccache"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_parse_entry_empty_command_raises(command: str, launcher: str | None) -> None:
+    """A blank (or launcher-only) command fails with a named ValueError,
+    not an IndexError."""
+    entry = {"directory": "/b", "file": "/b/src/x.cpp", "command": command}
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="empty compile command"):
+        idedata.parse_entry(entry, launcher)
+
+
+def test_idedata_from_build_empty_includes_raises(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A compile DB with no ESPHome TU is never usable idedata and must
+    not be cached (call sites downgrade the raise to a build warning)."""
+    compile_commands = tmp_path / "compile_commands.json"
+    compile_commands.write_text(
+        json.dumps(
+            [
+                _entry(
+                    f"{ABS}build",
+                    f"{ABS}build/other/lib.cpp",
+                    "/tools/g++ -c other/lib.cpp -o lib.o",
+                )
+            ]
+        )
+    )
+    with (
+        patch.object(idedata, "get_toolchain_includes", return_value=[]),
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="No ESPHome translation unit found"),
+    ):
+        idedata.idedata_from_build(compile_commands)
+
+
+def test_idedata_from_build_rsp_commands_never_dedupe(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Per-object response files strip to one shape while holding different
+    include sets; @-commands must tokenize per TU."""
+    entries = []
+    for name in ("a", "b"):
+        rsp = tmp_path / f"{name}.cpp.o.rsp"
+        rsp.write_text(f"-I{ABS}inc/{name}")
+        file = f"{ABS}build/src/esphome/core/{name}.cpp"
+        entries.append(
+            {
+                "directory": str(tmp_path),
+                "file": file,
+                "command": f"/tools/g++ @{rsp.name} -c {file} -o {name}.o",
+                "output": f"{name}.o",
+            }
+        )
+    compile_commands = tmp_path / "compile_commands.json"
+    compile_commands.write_text(json.dumps(entries))
+    with patch.object(idedata, "get_toolchain_includes", return_value=[]):
+        data = idedata.idedata_from_build(compile_commands)
+    joined = " ".join(data["includes"]["build"])
+    assert "inc/a" in joined and "inc/b" in joined
+
+
+def test_idedata_from_build_dedupes_identical_command_shapes(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """Translation units sharing one ninja rule (same command modulo
+    file/output) carry
+    identical includes, so only one per shape is tokenized; a differing
+    shape still contributes its includes."""
+
+    def _tu(name: str, inc: str) -> dict:
+        # ninja's compdb embeds the file and output strings verbatim
+        file = f"{ABS}build/src/esphome/core/{name}.cpp"
+        return _entry(
+            f"{ABS}build", file, f"/tools/g++ -I{ABS}inc/{inc} -c {file} -o {name}.o"
+        ) | {"output": f"{name}.o"}
+
+    entries = [_tu(name, "shared") for name in ("application", "component", "helpers")]
+    entries.append(_tu("extra", "extra"))
+    compile_commands = tmp_path / "compile_commands.json"
+    compile_commands.write_text(json.dumps(entries))
+    with (
+        patch.object(idedata, "get_toolchain_includes", return_value=[]),
+        patch.object(idedata, "parse_entry", wraps=idedata.parse_entry) as spy,
+    ):
+        data = idedata.idedata_from_build(compile_commands)
+    includes = set(data["includes"]["build"])
+    assert f"{ABS}inc/shared".replace("\\", "/") in {
+        i.replace("\\", "/") for i in includes
+    }
+    assert any("inc/extra" in i for i in includes)
+    # Representative + one distinct shape; the two same-shape duplicates
+    # are never tokenized
+    assert spy.call_count == 2
+
+
+def test_idedata_from_build(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Full transform: representative entry + include union + toolchain dirs."""
+    compile_commands = tmp_path / "compile_commands.json"
+    entries = [
+        _entry(
+            f"{ABS}b",
+            f"{ABS}b/src/esphome/core/app.cpp",
+            f"g++ -DUSE_ESP32 -I{ABS}inc/core -std=gnu++20 -c app.cpp -o app.cpp.o",
+        ),
+        _entry(
+            f"{ABS}b",
+            f"{ABS}b/src/esphome/sensor/s.cpp",
+            f"g++ -DUSE_ESP32 -I{ABS}inc/sensor -c s.cpp -o s.cpp.o",
+        ),
+        # non-esphome TU: its includes must not leak into the union
+        _entry(
+            f"{ABS}b",
+            f"{ABS}b/managed_components/x/x.c",
+            f"gcc -I{ABS}inc/managed -c x.c",
+        ),
+    ]
+    compile_commands.write_text(json.dumps(entries))
+
+    fake_proc = MagicMock(
+        returncode=0,
+        stderr=(
+            "ignored\n"
+            "#include <...> search starts here:\n"
+            " /tc/inc/c++\n"
+            " /tc/inc\n"
+            "End of search list.\n"
+            "more ignored\n"
+        ),
+    )
+    with patch.object(idedata.subprocess, "run", return_value=fake_proc):
+        data = idedata.idedata_from_build(compile_commands)
+
+    assert data["cxx_path"] == "g++"
+    assert "USE_ESP32" in data["defines"]
+    assert "-std=gnu++20" in data["cxx_flags"]
+    # include dirs unioned across all esphome TUs
+    assert f"{ABS}inc/core" in data["includes"]["build"]
+    assert f"{ABS}inc/sensor" in data["includes"]["build"]
+    # the non-esphome TU is excluded from the union
+    assert f"{ABS}inc/managed" not in data["includes"]["build"]
+    # toolchain search dirs parsed from the compiler's -v output
+    assert data["includes"]["toolchain"] == ["/tc/inc/c++", "/tc/inc"]
+
+
+def test_get_toolchain_includes_raises_on_probe_failure() -> None:
+    """A failed compiler probe is a hard error, not a silent empty list."""
+    fake_proc = MagicMock(returncode=1, stderr="xtensa-esp32-elf-g++: not found")
+    with (
+        patch.object(idedata.subprocess, "run", return_value=fake_proc),
+        pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="builtin include dirs"),
+    ):
+        idedata.get_toolchain_includes("/bad/compiler")
+
+
+def test_get_toolchain_includes_raises_when_no_dirs_found() -> None:
+    """Markers present but no dirs (anomalous output) also raises."""
+    fake_proc = MagicMock(
+        returncode=0,
+        stderr="#include <...> search starts here:\nEnd of search list.\n",
+    )
+    with (
+        patch.object(idedata.subprocess, "run", return_value=fake_proc),
+        pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="builtin include dirs"),
+    ):
+        idedata.get_toolchain_includes("/some/compiler")
+
+
+# ESP-IDF's compile_commands.json on Windows mixes literal backslash path
+# separators in the compiler path with shell ``\"`` quote-escaping in defines,
+# which only the real Windows argv parser handles. These exercise that path.
+@pytest.mark.skipif(os.name != "nt", reason="Windows argv tokenization")
+def test_split_command_preserves_paths_and_unescapes_quotes() -> None:
+    r"""Backslash paths survive while ``\"`` define-quoting is unescaped."""
+    command = r"C:\esp\bin\riscv32-esp-elf-g++.exe -DVER=\"1.2.3\" -IC:/inc/a -c x.cpp"
+
+    tokens = idedata._split_command(command)
+
+    assert tokens[0] == r"C:\esp\bin\riscv32-esp-elf-g++.exe"
+    assert '-DVER="1.2.3"' in tokens
+    assert "-IC:/inc/a" in tokens
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(os.name != "nt", reason="Windows argv tokenization")
+def test_split_command_empty_returns_empty() -> None:
+    """An empty or blank command tokenizes to ``[]`` (e.g. an empty response file).
+
+    Guards against ``CommandLineToArgvW("")`` returning the current process name
+    instead of an empty list.
+    """
+    assert idedata._split_command("") == []
+    assert idedata._split_command("   ") == []
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(os.name != "nt", reason="Windows argv tokenization")
+def test_parse_entry_normalizes_windows_cxx_path() -> None:
+    """A backslash compiler path is emitted forward-slashed; define unescaped."""
+    entry = _entry(
+        r"C:\b",
+        r"C:\b\src\esphome\x.cpp",
+        r"C:\esp\bin\g++.exe -DVER=\"1.2.3\" -IC:/inc/a -c x.cpp",
+    )
+
+    cxx_path, defines, includes, _ = idedata.parse_entry(entry)
+
+    assert cxx_path == "C:/esp/bin/g++.exe"
+    assert "\\" not in cxx_path
+    assert 'VER="1.2.3"' in defines
+    assert "C:/inc/a" in includes
+
+
+def test_parse_entry_strips_launcher_prefix() -> None:
+    """A launcher-wrapped compile names the compiler second; the exact
+    configured launcher is stripped, not anything ccache-shaped."""
+    entry = _entry(
+        f"{ABS}build",
+        f"{ABS}build/src/esphome/core/application.cpp",
+        "/opt/homebrew/bin/ccache /tools/xtensa-lx106-elf-g++ -DUSE_ESP8266 "
+        "-c app.cpp -o app.cpp.o",
+    )
+    cxx_path, defines, _, _ = idedata.parse_entry(
+        entry, launcher="/opt/homebrew/bin/ccache"
+    )
+    assert cxx_path == "/tools/xtensa-lx106-elf-g++"
+    assert defines == ["USE_ESP8266"]
+
+
+def test_parse_entry_recovers_from_unconfigured_launcher(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A stale compile DB built with a launcher this run no longer configures
+    still yields the real compiler (the next token), not the launcher."""
+    entry = _entry(
+        f"{ABS}build",
+        f"{ABS}build/src/esphome/core/application.cpp",
+        "/opt/homebrew/bin/ccache /tools/xtensa-lx106-elf-g++ -c a.cpp -o a.o",
+    )
+    caplog.set_level(logging.DEBUG)
+    cxx_path, _, _, _ = idedata.parse_entry(entry)
+    assert cxx_path == "/tools/xtensa-lx106-elf-g++"
+    assert "Stripping unconfigured launcher" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_parse_entry_rejects_launcher_without_program() -> None:
+    """A launcher followed only by flags is rejected in the parser itself,
+    so no caller can record ccache as the compiler."""
+    entry = _entry(
+        f"{ABS}build",
+        f"{ABS}build/src/esphome/core/application.cpp",
+        "/opt/homebrew/bin/ccache -c a.cpp -o a.o",
+    )
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="compile database is unusable"):
+        idedata.parse_entry(entry)
+
+
+def _write_compile_commands(tmp_path: Path) -> Path:
+    compile_commands = tmp_path / "compile_commands.json"
+    compile_commands.write_text(
+        json.dumps(
+            [
+                _entry(
+                    f"{ABS}build",
+                    f"{ABS}build/src/esphome/core/application.cpp",
+                    "/tools/g++ -DUSE_ESP8266 -c app.cpp -o app.cpp.o",
+                )
+            ]
+        )
+    )
+    return compile_commands
+
+
+def test_load_or_build_idedata_missing_compile_db(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    assert (
+        idedata.load_or_build_idedata(
+            tmp_path / "compile_commands.json", tmp_path / "f.elf", tmp_path / "c.json"
+        )
+        is None
+    )
+
+
+def test_load_or_build_idedata_builds_and_caches(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    compile_commands = _write_compile_commands(tmp_path)
+    cache = tmp_path / "cache" / "test.json"
+    with patch.object(
+        idedata, "get_toolchain_includes", return_value=["/toolchain/include"]
+    ):
+        data = idedata.load_or_build_idedata(
+            compile_commands, tmp_path / "firmware.elf", cache
+        )
+    assert data["cc_path"] == "/tools/gcc"
+    assert data["prog_path"] == str(tmp_path / "firmware.elf")
+    assert json.loads(cache.read_text()) == data
+
+    # A fresh cache is served without re-parsing the compile DB
+    os.utime(cache, (compile_commands.stat().st_mtime + 10,) * 2)
+    with patch.object(idedata, "idedata_from_build") as mock_build:
+        assert (
+            idedata.load_or_build_idedata(
+                compile_commands, tmp_path / "firmware.elf", cache
+            )
+            == data
+        )
+    mock_build.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_load_or_build_idedata_rebuilds_bad_cache(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    compile_commands = _write_compile_commands(tmp_path)
+    cache = tmp_path / "cache.json"
+    for bad in ("not json", json.dumps({"no_cc_path": True})):
+        cache.write_text(bad)
+        os.utime(cache, (compile_commands.stat().st_mtime + 10,) * 2)
+        with patch.object(idedata, "get_toolchain_includes", return_value=[]):
+            data = idedata.load_or_build_idedata(
+                compile_commands, tmp_path / "f.elf", cache
+            )
+        assert "cc_path" in data
+
+
+def test_load_or_build_idedata_rebuilds_when_compile_db_newer(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A compile DB newer than the cache forces regeneration."""
+    compile_commands = _write_compile_commands(tmp_path)
+    cache = tmp_path / "cache.json"
+    cache.write_text(json.dumps({"cc_path": "stale"}))
+    os.utime(compile_commands, (cache.stat().st_mtime + 10,) * 2)
+    with patch.object(idedata, "get_toolchain_includes", return_value=[]):
+        data = idedata.load_or_build_idedata(
+            compile_commands, tmp_path / "f.elf", cache
+        )
+    assert data["cc_path"] != "stale"
+
+
+def test_load_or_build_idedata_rebuilds_non_dict_cache(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Valid JSON that is not an object is regenerated, never handed out.
+
+    A bare string would otherwise pass the cc_path check by substring.
+    """
+    compile_commands = _write_compile_commands(tmp_path)
+    cache = tmp_path / "cache.json"
+    for bad in ('"cc_path is a string"', "[]", "42"):
+        cache.write_text(bad)
+        os.utime(cache, (compile_commands.stat().st_mtime + 10,) * 2)
+        with patch.object(idedata, "get_toolchain_includes", return_value=[]):
+            data = idedata.load_or_build_idedata(
+                compile_commands, tmp_path / "f.elf", cache
+            )
+        assert isinstance(data, dict)
+        assert "cc_path" in data
+
+
+def test_is_launcher_matches_only_known_launchers() -> None:
+    """Compilers of any shape pass; only the closed launcher set matches."""
+    for token in ("/t/g++-13", "gcc-8.4.0", "clang++-17", "armcc", "icx", "cc"):
+        assert not idedata._is_launcher(token)
+    for token in ("/opt/homebrew/bin/ccache", "CCACHE.EXE", "distcc", "sccache"):
+        assert idedata._is_launcher(token)
+
+
+def test_load_or_build_idedata_corrupted_cache_is_logged(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A truncated cache is diagnosable, not a silent slow-build cause."""
+    compile_commands = _write_compile_commands(tmp_path)
+    cache = tmp_path / "c.json"
+    cache.write_text('{"cc_path": trunc')
+    os.utime(cache, (compile_commands.stat().st_mtime + 5,) * 2)
+    with patch.object(idedata, "get_toolchain_includes", return_value=[]):
+        data = idedata.load_or_build_idedata(
+            compile_commands, tmp_path / "f.elf", cache
+        )
+    assert data["cxx_path"] == "/tools/g++"
+    assert "Discarding unreadable idedata cache" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_load_or_build_idedata_discards_unreadable_cache_file(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """An OSError on the cache read (permissions, I/O) regenerates like a
+    parse failure instead of aborting the consumer."""
+    compile_commands = _write_compile_commands(tmp_path)
+    cache = tmp_path / "c.json"
+    cache.write_text("{}")
+    os.utime(cache, (compile_commands.stat().st_mtime + 5,) * 2)
+    real_read_text = Path.read_text
+
+    def fail_cache_read(self: Path, *args: object, **kwargs: object) -> str:
+        # chmod(0) cannot revoke read access on Windows, so fault the read
+        # itself for a platform-independent OSError
+        if self == cache:
+            raise OSError("permission denied")
+        return real_read_text(self, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(idedata, "get_toolchain_includes", return_value=[]),
+        patch.object(Path, "read_text", fail_cache_read),
+    ):
+        data = idedata.load_or_build_idedata(
+            compile_commands, tmp_path / "f.elf", cache
+        )
+    assert data["cxx_path"] == "/tools/g++"
+    assert "Discarding unreadable idedata cache" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_load_or_build_idedata_never_caches_a_launcher(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A compile DB naming a launcher as the compiler is rejected, never cached."""
+    compile_commands = tmp_path / "compile_commands.json"
+    compile_commands.write_text(
+        json.dumps(
+            [
+                _entry(
+                    f"{ABS}build",
+                    f"{ABS}build/src/esphome/core/application.cpp",
+                    "/opt/homebrew/bin/ccache -c app.cpp -o app.cpp.o",
+                )
+            ]
+        )
+    )
+    cache = tmp_path / "c.json"
+    # No probe patch needed: the launcher is rejected before the probe runs
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="compile database is unusable"):
+        idedata.load_or_build_idedata(compile_commands, tmp_path / "f.elf", cache)
+    assert not cache.exists()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "cached",
+    (
+        {"cc_path": "/x/gcc", "cxx_path": "/opt/homebrew/bin/ccache"},
+        {"cc_path": "/x/gcc", "cxx_path": "/tools/g++"},
+        {"cc_path": "/x/gcc", "cxx_path": "/tools/g++", "includes": {}},
+    ),
+    ids=("launcher-cxx", "no-includes", "no-build-list"),
+)
+def test_load_or_build_idedata_regenerates_invalid_cache(
+    tmp_path: Path, cached: dict
+) -> None:
+    """A cache written by an older version fails validation and regenerates."""
+    compile_commands = _write_compile_commands(tmp_path)
+    cache = tmp_path / "c.json"
+    cache.write_text(json.dumps(cached))
+    os.utime(cache, (compile_commands.stat().st_mtime + 5,) * 2)
+    with patch.object(idedata, "get_toolchain_includes", return_value=[]):
+        data = idedata.load_or_build_idedata(
+            compile_commands, tmp_path / "f.elf", cache
+        )
+    assert data["cxx_path"] == "/tools/g++"
+    assert "includes" in data
+
+
+def test_load_or_build_idedata_cache_hit_restamps_prog_path(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A served cache carries the current ELF path, not the one it was written with."""
+    compile_commands = _write_compile_commands(tmp_path)
+    cache = tmp_path / "c.json"
+    cache.write_text(
+        json.dumps(
+            {
+                "cc_path": "/tools/gcc",
+                "cxx_path": "/tools/g++",
+                "includes": {"build": [], "toolchain": []},
+                "prog_path": "/old/location/firmware.elf",
+            }
+        )
+    )
+    os.utime(cache, (compile_commands.stat().st_mtime + 5,) * 2)
+    data = idedata.load_or_build_idedata(
+        compile_commands, tmp_path / "firmware.elf", cache
+    )
+    assert data["prog_path"] == str(tmp_path / "firmware.elf")
+
+
+def test_idedata_from_build_non_list_compile_db_raises(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Valid JSON that is not a list raises by name, inside the best-effort tuple."""
+    compile_commands = tmp_path / "compile_commands.json"
+    for bad in ("{}", "null", '"text"', '["a", "b"]', "[1, 2]"):
+        compile_commands.write_text(bad)
+        with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="not a compile-command list"):
+            idedata.idedata_from_build(compile_commands)
+
+
+def test_idedata_from_build_same_file_rsp_commands_never_dedupe(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """Two objects built from one source with different .rsp files keep both
+    include sets; the rsp sentinel keys on the output, not the source."""
+    file = f"{ABS}build/src/esphome/core/shared.cpp"
+    entries = []
+    for name in ("a", "b"):
+        rsp = tmp_path / f"{name}.o.rsp"
+        rsp.write_text(f"-I{ABS}inc/{name}")
+        entries.append(
+            {
+                "directory": str(tmp_path),
+                "file": file,
+                "command": f"/tools/g++ @{rsp.name} -c {file} -o {name}.o",
+                "output": f"{name}.o",
+            }
+        )
+    compile_commands = tmp_path / "compile_commands.json"
+    compile_commands.write_text(json.dumps(entries))
+    with patch.object(idedata, "get_toolchain_includes", return_value=[]):
+        data = idedata.idedata_from_build(compile_commands)
+    joined = " ".join(data["includes"]["build"])
+    assert "inc/a" in joined and "inc/b" in joined
+
+
+def test_load_or_build_idedata_cache_hit_skips_rebuild(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A valid cache newer than the compile DB is served without re-parsing."""
+    compile_commands = _write_compile_commands(tmp_path)
+    cache = tmp_path / "c.json"
+    cache.write_text(
+        json.dumps(
+            {
+                "cc_path": "/tools/gcc",
+                "cxx_path": "/tools/g++",
+                "includes": {"build": ["/inc"], "toolchain": []},
+                "cached": True,
+            }
+        )
+    )
+    os.utime(cache, (compile_commands.stat().st_mtime + 5,) * 2)
+    with patch.object(idedata, "idedata_from_build") as mock_build:
+        data = idedata.load_or_build_idedata(
+            compile_commands, tmp_path / "f.elf", cache
+        )
+    mock_build.assert_not_called()
+    assert data["cached"] is True
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/build_helpers/test_ninja.py b/tests/unit_tests/build_helpers/test_ninja.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6f0bbda0b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/build_helpers/test_ninja.py
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+"""Tests for esphome.build_helpers.ninja."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.build_helpers import ninja as ninja_helper
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError
+
+
+def test_find_ninja_prefers_path(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    with (
+        patch("shutil.which", return_value=str(tmp_path / "ninja")),
+        patch.object(ninja_helper, "_ninja_runs", return_value=True),
+    ):
+        assert ninja_helper.find_ninja() == tmp_path / "ninja"
+
+
+def test_find_ninja_falls_back_to_wheel(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Without a PATH entry, the ninja PyPI wheel's binary is used."""
+    binary_name = "ninja.exe" if os.name == "nt" else "ninja"
+    (tmp_path / binary_name).touch()
+    wheel = MagicMock(BIN_DIR=str(tmp_path))
+    with (
+        patch("shutil.which", return_value=None),
+        patch.dict(sys.modules, {"ninja": wheel}),
+    ):
+        assert ninja_helper.find_ninja() == tmp_path / binary_name
+
+
+def test_find_ninja_package_not_installed() -> None:
+    """A missing ninja package raises the actionable message, not ImportError."""
+    with (
+        patch("shutil.which", return_value=None),
+        patch.dict(sys.modules, {"ninja": None}),
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="ninja not found"),
+    ):
+        ninja_helper.find_ninja()
+
+
+def test_find_ninja_missing_everywhere(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    wheel = MagicMock(BIN_DIR=str(tmp_path))
+    with (
+        patch("shutil.which", return_value=None),
+        patch.dict(sys.modules, {"ninja": wheel}),
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="ninja not found"),
+    ):
+        ninja_helper.find_ninja()
+
+
+def test_escape_ninja_specials() -> None:
+    assert ninja_helper.escape("a b:c$d") == "a$ b$:c$$d"
+
+
+def _q(tok: str) -> str:
+    """The platform's shell_token quote wrapper (argv rule on Windows)."""
+    return f'"{tok}"' if os.name == "nt" else f"'{tok}'"
+
+
+def test_quote_arg_windows_argv_rule() -> None:
+    # Backslash runs double only before a quote (subprocess.list2cmdline rule)
+    assert ninja_helper.quote_arg('-DX=a\\"b c') == '"-DX=a\\\\\\"b c"'
+    assert ninja_helper.quote_arg("a b\\") == '"a b\\\\"'
+
+
+def test_shell_token_quotes_only_when_needed() -> None:
+    assert ninja_helper.shell_token("-Os") == "-Os"
+    assert ninja_helper.shell_token("-DP=C:\\x y") == _q("-DP=C:\\x y")
+    assert ninja_helper.shell_token("plain", force=True) == _q("plain")
+
+
+def test_shell_token_quotes_shell_metacharacters() -> None:
+    """Tokens like -DMASK=(1<<3) must not reach /bin/sh -c bare."""
+    assert ninja_helper.shell_token("-DMASK=(1<<3)") == _q("-DMASK=(1<<3)")
+    assert ninja_helper.shell_token("-DX=a;b") == _q("-DX=a;b")
+    assert ninja_helper.shell_token("-DX=$HOME") == _q("-DX=$$HOME")
+
+
+def test_shell_token_posix_roundtrips_through_sh() -> None:
+    """Backslash runs, $, backticks, and quotes must reach the compiler
+    exactly as lexed once ninja un-doubles $$ and /bin/sh strips quotes."""
+
+    if sys.platform == "win32":
+        pytest.skip("POSIX sh quoting")
+    for tok in ("-DP=a\\\\b", "-DX=$VAR", "-DY=`date`", "-DZ=it's", '-DC="q"'):
+        quoted = ninja_helper.shell_token(tok).replace("$$", "$")
+        out = subprocess.run(
+            ["/bin/sh", "-c", f'printf "%s" {quoted}'],
+            capture_output=True,
+            text=True,
+            check=True,
+        )
+        assert out.stdout == tok
+
+
+def test_quote_path_force_quotes() -> None:
+    assert ninja_helper.quote_path(Path("a b")) == _q("a b")
+    assert ninja_helper.quote_path("simple") == _q("simple")
+
+
+def test_shell_token_empty_token_is_quoted() -> None:
+    """An empty argv element must survive as an explicit pair of quotes."""
+    assert ninja_helper.shell_token("") == _q("")
+
+
+def test_find_ninja_probes_path_hit(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A broken PATH shim falls back to the wheel instead of failing every
+    build later."""
+    binary_name = "ninja.exe" if os.name == "nt" else "ninja"
+    (tmp_path / binary_name).touch()
+    wheel = MagicMock(BIN_DIR=str(tmp_path))
+    with (
+        patch("shutil.which", return_value="/broken/ninja"),
+        patch.object(ninja_helper, "_ninja_runs", return_value=False),
+        patch.dict(sys.modules, {"ninja": wheel}),
+    ):
+        assert ninja_helper.find_ninja() == tmp_path / binary_name
+
+
+def test_ninja_probe_failure_warns(caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture) -> None:
+    with patch("esphome.framework_helpers.subprocess.run", side_effect=OSError("boom")):
+        assert ninja_helper._ninja_runs("/broken/ninja") is False
+    assert "failed to run" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_ninja_probe_success() -> None:
+    with patch("esphome.framework_helpers.subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+        assert ninja_helper._ninja_runs("/usr/bin/ninja") is True
+    assert mock_run.call_args.kwargs["close_fds"] is False
+
+
+def test_shell_token_windows_branch_uses_argv_rule() -> None:
+    """The nt branch quotes with the CreateProcess argv rule (the ubuntu
+    coverage run never takes it naturally)."""
+    with patch.object(os, "name", "nt"):
+        assert ninja_helper.shell_token("a b") == '"a b"'
+        assert ninja_helper.shell_token("", force=True) == '""'
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/build_helpers/test_size_summary.py b/tests/unit_tests/build_helpers/test_size_summary.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..231ae271b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/build_helpers/test_size_summary.py
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+"""Tests for the shared PlatformIO-format size bar."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.build_helpers.size_summary import format_bar, print_size_line
+
+
+def test_format_bar_zero_total() -> None:
+    """A zero total must not divide by zero."""
+    assert format_bar(0, 0) == "[          ]   0.0% (used 0 bytes from 0 bytes)"
+
+
+def test_print_size_line_label_padding(capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
+    """The label column is exactly what ci_memory_impact_extract.py greps."""
+    print_size_line("RAM", 47932, 180736)
+    print_size_line("Flash", 888511, 1835008)
+    out = capsys.readouterr().out.splitlines()
+    assert out[0].startswith("RAM:   [")
+    assert out[1].startswith("Flash: [")
+    assert "26.5% (used 47932 bytes from 180736 bytes)" in out[0]
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/api/test_api_proto.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/api/test_api_proto.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..31297911f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/components/api/test_api_proto.py
@@ -0,0 +1,382 @@
+"""Invariant tests for esphome/components/api/api.proto and its generated code.
+
+These guard the DeviceCapabilitiesRequest/DeviceCapabilitiesResponse addition
+(API 1.15) against regressions that protoc-based codegen would not catch on
+its own, without requiring protoc to be installed at test time:
+
+* script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py skips any field marked
+  `[deprecated = true]` completely -- it generates no C++ for it at all, so
+  the device silently stops sending that value. Six DeviceInfoResponse fields
+  were superseded by DeviceCapabilitiesResponse but must keep being sent for
+  backward compatibility with clients older than API 1.15. If a future edit
+  "tidies up" by marking one of them deprecated, this file breaks that field
+  for every existing client with nothing else in CI noticing.
+* Field numbers are the wire protocol, not the field names. Renaming a field
+  is harmless; renumbering it is a silent breaking change, because an old
+  client still decodes by number. This file pins the field number of each of
+  the six superseded DeviceInfoResponse fields and of every field on the new
+  DeviceCapabilitiesResponse/BluetoothProxyCapabilities/
+  VoiceAssistantCapabilities/ZWaveProxyCapabilities sub-messages, so a
+  well-intentioned reshuffle of api.proto gets caught here instead of on a
+  device in the field.
+* Message wire ids must be unique, and the new capabilities RPC must stay
+  authenticated-only.
+
+Group A below asserts on the checked-in generated files (api_pb2.h /
+api_pb2.cpp), since "the field is present in the generated C++" is exactly
+equivalent to "the device still sends it". Group B parses api.proto as plain
+text (no protoc). Group C checks the advertised API minor version.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+import re
+
+import esphome
+
+API_DIR = Path(esphome.__file__).parent / "components" / "api"
+
+PROTO_TEXT = (API_DIR / "api.proto").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+HEADER_TEXT = (API_DIR / "api_pb2.h").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+CPP_TEXT = (API_DIR / "api_pb2.cpp").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+API_CONNECTION_TEXT = (API_DIR / "api_connection.cpp").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+
+# Fields on DeviceInfoResponse that were superseded by DeviceCapabilitiesResponse
+# as of API 1.15 but must still be generated (and therefore still sent) for
+# backward compatibility with older clients.
+SUPERSEDED_FIELDS: dict[str, int] = {
+    "bluetooth_proxy_feature_flags": 15,
+    "voice_assistant_feature_flags": 17,
+    "bluetooth_mac_address": 18,
+    "zwave_proxy_feature_flags": 23,
+    "zwave_home_id": 24,
+    "serial_proxies": 25,
+}
+
+# Field numbers on the new capability messages. These are a frozen wire
+# contract from the moment they ship: an old client decodes a sub-message
+# field purely by number, so renumbering any of these -- even without
+# touching a name -- silently corrupts what every already-deployed client
+# reads. Keyed by message name so the next capability sub-message is a
+# data-only addition here.
+NEW_CAPABILITY_FIELDS: dict[str, dict[str, int]] = {
+    "DeviceCapabilitiesResponse": {
+        "bluetooth_proxy": 1,
+        "voice_assistant": 2,
+        "zwave_proxy": 3,
+        "serial_proxies": 4,
+    },
+    "BluetoothProxyCapabilities": {
+        "feature_flags": 1,
+        "mac_address": 2,
+    },
+    "VoiceAssistantCapabilities": {
+        "feature_flags": 1,
+    },
+    "ZWaveProxyCapabilities": {
+        "feature_flags": 1,
+        "home_id": 2,
+    },
+}
+
+# Fields that are genuinely dead and are expected to carry `deprecated=true`.
+# Used to prove the deprecated-detection logic below actually detects
+# deprecation rather than trivially passing.
+GENUINELY_DEPRECATED_FIELDS: tuple[str, ...] = (
+    "legacy_bluetooth_proxy_version",
+    "legacy_voice_assistant_version",
+)
+
+DEPRECATED_FIELD_TRAP = (
+    "script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py skips fields marked `[deprecated = "
+    "true]` completely, generating no C++ for them at all. Marking this field "
+    "deprecated would silently stop the device from ever sending it, breaking "
+    "every existing client that still reads it from DeviceInfoResponse."
+)
+
+
+def _extract_braced_region(text: str, anchor_pattern: str) -> str:
+    """Return the region of `text` starting at the first match of
+    `anchor_pattern` up to the matching closing brace (inclusive), using
+    brace-depth counting so nested braces (e.g. a `for (...) { ... }` loop
+    inside a function body) don't cause a premature stop.
+    """
+    anchor_match = re.search(anchor_pattern, text)
+    if anchor_match is None:
+        raise AssertionError(f"could not find a match for {anchor_pattern!r}")
+    start = anchor_match.start()
+    open_brace = text.index("{", start)
+    depth = 0
+    for i in range(open_brace, len(text)):
+        if text[i] == "{":
+            depth += 1
+        elif text[i] == "}":
+            depth -= 1
+            if depth == 0:
+                return text[start : i + 1]
+    raise AssertionError(f"unbalanced braces while scanning after {anchor_pattern!r}")
+
+
+def _extract_class_body(header_text: str, class_name: str) -> str:
+    """Return the body of a generated C++ class, scoped so a field name that
+    also happens to exist on some other class cannot satisfy the assertion.
+    """
+    return _extract_braced_region(header_text, rf"class {re.escape(class_name)}\b")
+
+
+def _extract_function_body(cpp_text: str, qualified_name: str) -> str:
+    """Return the body of a generated `Class::method(...)` definition."""
+    return _extract_braced_region(cpp_text, rf"{re.escape(qualified_name)}\(")
+
+
+def _extract_proto_message(proto_text: str, message_name: str) -> str:
+    """Return the body of a top-level `message Name { ... }` block from the
+    .proto source. Proto message bodies here contain no nested `{`/`}` of
+    their own (options use parens, not braces), so a non-greedy match up to
+    the first line that is just `}` is sufficient and keeps the parsing
+    simple.
+    """
+    match = re.search(
+        rf"^message {re.escape(message_name)}\s*\{{(.*?)^\}}",
+        proto_text,
+        re.MULTILINE | re.DOTALL,
+    )
+    if match is None:
+        raise AssertionError(f"could not find `message {message_name}` in api.proto")
+    return match.group(1)
+
+
+def _extract_rpc_body(proto_text: str, rpc_name: str) -> str:
+    """Return the option body of an `rpc name (...) returns (...) { ... }`
+    declaration from the APIConnection service, robust to it being written
+    on one line (`{}`) or spread across several with options inside.
+    """
+    match = re.search(
+        rf"rpc\s+{re.escape(rpc_name)}\s*\([^)]*\)\s*returns\s*\([^)]*\)\s*\{{(.*?)\}}",
+        proto_text,
+        re.DOTALL,
+    )
+    if match is None:
+        raise AssertionError(f"could not find `rpc {rpc_name}` in api.proto")
+    return match.group(1)
+
+
+def _field_declaration_line(message_body: str, field_name: str) -> str:
+    """Return the single source line declaring `field_name` inside a proto
+    message body (all fields here are declared on one line).
+    """
+    for line in message_body.splitlines():
+        if re.search(rf"\b{re.escape(field_name)}\s*=\s*\d+", line):
+            return line
+    raise AssertionError(
+        f"could not find a field declaration for {field_name!r} in the given message body"
+    )
+
+
+# ==================== Group A: generated files ====================
+
+
+def test_superseded_device_info_fields_still_declared_in_header() -> None:
+    """Each superseded field must still be a real member of DeviceInfoResponse
+    in api_pb2.h -- not merely present somewhere in the file. Several of these
+    names (e.g. serial_proxies) also exist on DeviceCapabilitiesResponse, so an
+    unscoped substring search over the whole header would pass even if the
+    field were removed from DeviceInfoResponse.
+    """
+    class_body = _extract_class_body(HEADER_TEXT, "DeviceInfoResponse")
+    for field_name in SUPERSEDED_FIELDS:
+        assert re.search(rf"\b{field_name}\b", class_body), (
+            f"{field_name} is missing from the DeviceInfoResponse class body in "
+            f"api_pb2.h. {DEPRECATED_FIELD_TRAP}"
+        )
+
+
+def test_superseded_device_info_fields_still_encoded_and_sized() -> None:
+    """Each superseded field must still be touched by DeviceInfoResponse's
+    generated encode() and calculate_size(), i.e. it is still put on the wire.
+    """
+    encode_body = _extract_function_body(CPP_TEXT, "DeviceInfoResponse::encode")
+    size_body = _extract_function_body(CPP_TEXT, "DeviceInfoResponse::calculate_size")
+    for field_name in SUPERSEDED_FIELDS:
+        assert f"this->{field_name}" in encode_body, (
+            f"DeviceInfoResponse::encode() no longer references {field_name}. "
+            f"{DEPRECATED_FIELD_TRAP}"
+        )
+        assert f"this->{field_name}" in size_body, (
+            f"DeviceInfoResponse::calculate_size() no longer references "
+            f"{field_name}. {DEPRECATED_FIELD_TRAP}"
+        )
+
+
+def test_new_capability_classes_present_in_header() -> None:
+    """The new response message and its capability sub-messages must exist as
+    generated classes.
+    """
+    for class_name in (
+        "DeviceCapabilitiesResponse",
+        "BluetoothProxyCapabilities",
+        "VoiceAssistantCapabilities",
+        "ZWaveProxyCapabilities",
+    ):
+        assert re.search(rf"class {re.escape(class_name)}\b", HEADER_TEXT), (
+            f"expected a generated class named {class_name} in api_pb2.h"
+        )
+
+
+# ==================== Group B: api.proto source text ====================
+
+
+def test_all_message_ids_are_unique() -> None:
+    """Every `option (id) = N;` in api.proto must be unique. Two messages
+    sharing a wire id would make the client and server misinterpret each
+    other's messages -- nothing else currently checks this.
+    """
+    ids = [int(value) for value in re.findall(r"option \(id\) = (\d+);", PROTO_TEXT)]
+    assert ids, "did not find any `option (id) = N;` declarations in api.proto"
+    duplicates = sorted({value for value in ids if ids.count(value) > 1})
+    assert not duplicates, (
+        f"Duplicate `option (id)` values found in api.proto: {duplicates}. Each "
+        "message must have a unique wire id."
+    )
+
+
+def test_device_capabilities_request_has_id_149() -> None:
+    body = _extract_proto_message(PROTO_TEXT, "DeviceCapabilitiesRequest")
+    match = re.search(r"option \(id\) = (\d+);", body)
+    assert match is not None, "DeviceCapabilitiesRequest is missing `option (id)`"
+    assert int(match.group(1)) == 149, (
+        f"DeviceCapabilitiesRequest has id {match.group(1)}, expected 149. "
+        "Message ids are part of the wire protocol and must not change once "
+        "assigned."
+    )
+
+
+def test_device_capabilities_response_has_id_150() -> None:
+    body = _extract_proto_message(PROTO_TEXT, "DeviceCapabilitiesResponse")
+    match = re.search(r"option \(id\) = (\d+);", body)
+    assert match is not None, "DeviceCapabilitiesResponse is missing `option (id)`"
+    assert int(match.group(1)) == 150, (
+        f"DeviceCapabilitiesResponse has id {match.group(1)}, expected 150. "
+        "Message ids are part of the wire protocol and must not change once "
+        "assigned."
+    )
+
+
+def test_z_wave_proxy_request_response_has_id_151() -> None:
+    body = _extract_proto_message(PROTO_TEXT, "ZWaveProxyRequestResponse")
+    match = re.search(r"option \(id\) = (\d+);", body)
+    assert match is not None, "ZWaveProxyRequestResponse is missing `option (id)`"
+    assert int(match.group(1)) == 151, (
+        f"ZWaveProxyRequestResponse has id {match.group(1)}, expected 151. "
+        "Message ids are part of the wire protocol and must not change once "
+        "assigned."
+    )
+
+
+def test_superseded_fields_are_not_marked_deprecated_in_proto() -> None:
+    """The six superseded fields must not carry `[deprecated = true]` in
+    api.proto, or the generator drops them and old clients stop receiving
+    them (see module docstring). The second half of this test proves the
+    deprecated-detection itself works: two genuinely dead fields
+    (legacy_bluetooth_proxy_version, legacy_voice_assistant_version) must
+    still be detected as deprecated, so the first half isn't vacuously true.
+    """
+    body = _extract_proto_message(PROTO_TEXT, "DeviceInfoResponse")
+
+    for field_name in SUPERSEDED_FIELDS:
+        line = _field_declaration_line(body, field_name)
+        assert "deprecated" not in line, (
+            f"{field_name} in DeviceInfoResponse is marked deprecated in "
+            f"api.proto ({line.strip()!r}). {DEPRECATED_FIELD_TRAP}"
+        )
+
+    for field_name in GENUINELY_DEPRECATED_FIELDS:
+        line = _field_declaration_line(body, field_name)
+        assert "deprecated" in line, (
+            f"expected {field_name} to still carry `deprecated=true` in "
+            f"api.proto ({line.strip()!r}). If this fails, the deprecated "
+            "detection used above is broken, and the sibling assertion that "
+            "the superseded fields are NOT deprecated is not testing anything."
+        )
+
+
+def test_superseded_fields_keep_their_wire_numbers() -> None:
+    """Each superseded field must stay on the field number recorded in
+    SUPERSEDED_FIELDS. Old clients decode DeviceInfoResponse purely by field
+    number, so renumbering one of these -- even without touching its name --
+    would make an old client read a completely different value out of the
+    wire, with nothing else in CI noticing.
+    """
+    body = _extract_proto_message(PROTO_TEXT, "DeviceInfoResponse")
+
+    for field_name, field_number in SUPERSEDED_FIELDS.items():
+        line = _field_declaration_line(body, field_name)
+        assert re.search(rf"\b{field_name}\s*=\s*{field_number}\b", line), (
+            f"{field_name} in DeviceInfoResponse is no longer declared at "
+            f"field number {field_number} ({line.strip()!r}). Field numbers "
+            "are the wire protocol -- renumbering this field silently breaks "
+            "every existing client that still decodes DeviceInfoResponse by "
+            "the old numbering."
+        )
+
+
+def test_capability_message_fields_keep_their_wire_numbers() -> None:
+    """Every field on DeviceCapabilitiesResponse and its three capability
+    sub-messages must stay on the field number recorded in
+    NEW_CAPABILITY_FIELDS. These messages are brand new as of API 1.15, but
+    the moment a device ships with them, their field numbers are a frozen
+    wire contract -- a client decodes a sub-message field purely by number,
+    so a later "cleanup" that renumbers one of these would silently corrupt
+    what every already-deployed client reads, with nothing else in CI
+    noticing.
+    """
+    for message_name, fields in NEW_CAPABILITY_FIELDS.items():
+        body = _extract_proto_message(PROTO_TEXT, message_name)
+        for field_name, field_number in fields.items():
+            line = _field_declaration_line(body, field_name)
+            assert re.search(rf"\b{field_name}\s*=\s*{field_number}\b", line), (
+                f"{field_name} on {message_name} is no longer declared at "
+                f"field number {field_number} ({line.strip()!r}). Field "
+                "numbers are the wire protocol -- renumbering this field "
+                "silently breaks every existing client that decodes this "
+                "message by the old numbering."
+            )
+
+
+def test_device_capabilities_rpc_requires_authentication() -> None:
+    """The `device_capabilities` RPC must not set
+    `option (needs_authentication) = false;` (or set it to anything at all).
+    Leaving it unset makes it inherit needs_authentication = true, keeping
+    capability data behind authentication (and encryption, when configured).
+    """
+    body = _extract_rpc_body(PROTO_TEXT, "device_capabilities")
+    assert "needs_authentication" not in body, (
+        "rpc device_capabilities sets a `needs_authentication` option in "
+        "api.proto. It must stay unset so it inherits needs_authentication = "
+        "true; otherwise device capability data could be requested over an "
+        "unauthenticated connection."
+    )
+
+
+# ==================== Group C: advertised API version ====================
+
+
+def test_api_version_minor_is_at_least_15() -> None:
+    """Clients gate sending DeviceCapabilitiesRequest on seeing
+    api_version >= 1.15 in HelloResponse. Regressing api_version_minor below
+    15 would make every client believe capabilities are unsupported even
+    though the RPC exists, so this must never go backwards. Use >= rather
+    than == so the next unrelated minor-version bump doesn't need to touch
+    this test.
+    """
+    match = re.search(r"resp\.api_version_minor\s*=\s*(\d+);", API_CONNECTION_TEXT)
+    assert match is not None, (
+        "could not find `resp.api_version_minor = N;` in api_connection.cpp"
+    )
+    minor = int(match.group(1))
+    assert minor >= 15, (
+        f"api_version_minor is {minor}, but device_capabilities requires "
+        "clients to see api_version >= 1.15 in HelloResponse before they will "
+        "ever request it."
+    )
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/api/test_api_protobuf_generator.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/api/test_api_protobuf_generator.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..797125ba8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/components/api/test_api_protobuf_generator.py
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+"""Unit tests for script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py generator logic.
+
+ci-api-proto.yml only checks that the committed output matches what the
+generator currently produces, so a semantic regression in the generator would
+be committed and matched without anything failing. These tests pin the
+semantics directly.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+import sys
+
+import pytest
+
+sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).parents[4] / "script" / "api_protobuf"))
+
+from api_protobuf import (  # noqa: E402
+    MAX_MESSAGE_ID,
+    _make_ifdef_line,
+    get_varint64_ifdef,
+    validate_message_id,
+)
+from google.protobuf import descriptor_pb2  # noqa: E402
+
+
+def _file_with_messages(
+    *messages: tuple[str, int, bool],
+) -> descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto:
+    """Build a FileDescriptorProto with one single-field message per entry.
+
+    Each entry is (message_name, field_type, deprecated).
+    """
+    file_desc = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto(name="test.proto")
+    for name, field_type, deprecated in messages:
+        msg = file_desc.message_type.add(name=name)
+        field = msg.field.add(name="value", number=1, type=field_type)
+        field.options.deprecated = deprecated
+    return file_desc
+
+
+UINT64 = descriptor_pb2.FieldDescriptorProto.TYPE_UINT64
+INT64 = descriptor_pb2.FieldDescriptorProto.TYPE_INT64
+SINT64 = descriptor_pb2.FieldDescriptorProto.TYPE_SINT64
+UINT32 = descriptor_pb2.FieldDescriptorProto.TYPE_UINT32
+FIXED64 = descriptor_pb2.FieldDescriptorProto.TYPE_FIXED64
+
+
+def test_no_varint64_fields() -> None:
+    file_desc = _file_with_messages(("A", UINT32, False), ("B", FIXED64, False))
+    assert get_varint64_ifdef(file_desc, {}) == (False, None)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("field_type", [UINT64, INT64, SINT64])
+def test_single_guard_is_kept(field_type: int) -> None:
+    file_desc = _file_with_messages(("A", field_type, False))
+    assert get_varint64_ifdef(file_desc, {"A": "USE_X"}) == (True, "USE_X")
+
+
+def test_two_guards_emit_the_union() -> None:
+    # The regression this pins: multiple guards used to collapse to
+    # unconditional, pulling 64-bit varint support into unrelated builds.
+    file_desc = _file_with_messages(("A", UINT64, False), ("B", INT64, False))
+    guards = {"A": "USE_X", "B": "USE_Y"}
+    assert get_varint64_ifdef(file_desc, guards) == (True, "USE_X || USE_Y")
+
+
+def test_union_is_sorted_for_deterministic_output() -> None:
+    file_desc = _file_with_messages(("B", UINT64, False), ("A", INT64, False))
+    guards = {"B": "USE_Y", "A": "USE_X"}
+    assert get_varint64_ifdef(file_desc, guards) == (True, "USE_X || USE_Y")
+
+
+def test_any_unconditional_message_wins() -> None:
+    file_desc = _file_with_messages(("A", UINT64, False), ("B", INT64, False))
+    assert get_varint64_ifdef(file_desc, {"A": "USE_X"}) == (True, None)
+
+
+def test_deprecated_fields_and_messages_are_ignored() -> None:
+    file_desc = _file_with_messages(("A", UINT64, True), ("B", INT64, False))
+    file_desc.message_type[1].options.deprecated = True
+    assert get_varint64_ifdef(file_desc, {"A": "USE_X", "B": "USE_Y"}) == (False, None)
+
+
+def test_make_ifdef_line_simple_identifier() -> None:
+    assert _make_ifdef_line("USE_X") == "#ifdef USE_X"
+
+
+def test_make_ifdef_line_union_wraps_each_identifier() -> None:
+    # The second half of the varint64 union guard: compound conditions must
+    # become #if defined(A) || defined(B), never #ifdef of the raw string.
+    assert _make_ifdef_line("USE_X || USE_Y") == "#if defined(USE_X) || defined(USE_Y)"
+
+
+def test_make_ifdef_line_conjunction_and_negation() -> None:
+    assert (
+        _make_ifdef_line("USE_X && !USE_Y") == "#if defined(USE_X) && !defined(USE_Y)"
+    )
+
+
+def test_message_id_at_maximum_is_accepted() -> None:
+    # 16383 is the largest ID whose plaintext type varint fits the 2 bytes
+    # budgeted in HEADER_PADDING.
+    validate_message_id(MAX_MESSAGE_ID, "MaxMessage")
+
+
+def test_message_id_above_maximum_is_rejected() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="exceeds the plaintext"):
+        validate_message_id(MAX_MESSAGE_ID + 1, "TooBigMessage")
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/bme68x_bsec2/__init__.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/bme68x_bsec2/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/bme68x_bsec2/test_init.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/bme68x_bsec2/test_init.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b34231a1aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/components/bme68x_bsec2/test_init.py
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+"""Tests for the bme68x_bsec2 prefetch extraction."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from esphome.components import bme68x_bsec2 as bsec
+from esphome.loader import get_component
+
+
+def test_prefetch_applies_defaults(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    [files] = list(bsec.PREFETCH_FILES([{"model": "bme680"}]))
+    assert len(files) == 1
+    assert "bme680_iaq_33v_3s_28d" in files[0].url
+    assert files[0].path == bsec._compute_local_file_path(files[0].url)
+
+
+def test_prefetch_normalizes_enum_case(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    [files] = list(
+        bsec.PREFETCH_FILES(
+            [
+                {
+                    "model": "BME688",
+                    "sample_rate": "ulp",
+                    "supply_voltage": "1.8v",
+                    "algorithm_output": "REGRESSION",
+                    "operating_age": "4D",
+                }
+            ]
+        )
+    )
+    assert len(files) == 1
+    assert "bme688_reg_18v_300s_4d" in files[0].url
+
+
+def test_prefetch_skips_unknown_values(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    entries = [
+        {"model": "bme999"},
+        {"model": "bme680", "sample_rate": "TURBO"},
+        {"model": "bme680", "algorithm_output": "psychic"},
+        {},
+    ]
+    assert list(bsec.PREFETCH_FILES(entries)) == [[]]
+
+
+def test_prefetch_matches_validator_url(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """The hook's URL equals _compute_url over the validated config shape."""
+    validated = {
+        "model": "bme688",
+        "operating_age": "28d",
+        "sample_rate": "LP",
+        "supply_voltage": "3.3V",
+        "algorithm_output": "classification",
+    }
+    [files] = list(bsec.PREFETCH_FILES([dict(validated)]))
+    assert files[0].url == bsec._compute_url(validated)
+
+
+def test_hook_is_wired_to_the_user_facing_domain() -> None:
+    """The i2c domain (the only user-facing one) exposes the hook."""
+
+    component = get_component("bme68x_bsec2_i2c")
+    assert component is not None
+    assert component.prefetch_files is bsec.PREFETCH_FILES
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/esp32/test_sdkconfig.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/esp32/test_sdkconfig.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b5a562f4d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/components/esp32/test_sdkconfig.py
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+"""Tests for the esp32 sdkconfig write and its toolchain-gated clean."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+import time
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.components.esp32 import _write_sdkconfig
+from esphome.components.esp32.const import KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS
+from esphome.const import KEY_CORE, KEY_ESP32, KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION, Toolchain
+from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.espidf.toolchain import has_outdated_files
+
+
+def _setup_core(tmp_path: Path, toolchain: Toolchain | None) -> None:
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+    CORE.build_path = tmp_path
+    CORE.toolchain = toolchain
+    CORE.data[KEY_ESP32] = {KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS: {"CONFIG_X": "y"}}
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION: "5.5.5"}
+
+
+def _seed_configured_build(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A settled native build: configure outputs predate what comes next."""
+    build = tmp_path / "build"
+    (build / "config").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (build / "config" / "sdkconfig.h").write_text("")
+    (build / "CMakeCache.txt").write_text("")
+    (build / "build.ninja").write_text("")
+    # Explicitly older than what the test writes next: has_outdated_files()
+    # compares st_mtime with a strict >, so same-tick writes would pass
+    past = time.time() - 60
+    for f in build.rglob("*"):
+        os.utime(f, (past, past))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("toolchain", "clean_expected"),
+    [(Toolchain.ESP_IDF, False), (Toolchain.PLATFORMIO, True), (None, True)],
+)
+def test_write_sdkconfig_cleans_only_on_platformio(
+    tmp_path: Path, toolchain: Toolchain | None, clean_expected: bool
+) -> None:
+    """A changed sdkconfig forces a full clean only under PlatformIO; the
+    esp-idf toolchain reconfigures via has_outdated_files() instead; an
+    unresolved toolchain fails safe onto the clean."""
+    _setup_core(tmp_path, toolchain)
+    _seed_configured_build(tmp_path)
+    with (
+        patch.object(CORE, "name", "test"),
+        patch("esphome.components.esp32.clean_build") as clean,
+    ):
+        _write_sdkconfig()
+        assert "CONFIG_X" in CORE.relative_build_path("sdkconfig.test").read_text()
+        assert clean.called is clean_expected
+        if clean_expected:
+            clean.assert_called_once_with(clear_pio_cache=False)
+        # The change must still trigger a reconfigure: the internal
+        # sdkconfig snapshot is now newer than build/CMakeCache.txt
+        assert has_outdated_files() is True
+        clean.reset_mock()
+        # A settled configure restamps the cache; an unchanged rewrite
+        # must then neither clean nor mark the build stale
+        future = time.time() + 60
+        os.utime(CORE.relative_build_path("build/CMakeCache.txt"), (future, future))
+        _write_sdkconfig()
+        clean.assert_not_called()
+        assert has_outdated_files() is False
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/esp8266/test_boards.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/esp8266/test_boards.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..df0e536d42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/components/esp8266/test_boards.py
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+"""Tests for the per-board linker-script rule."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.components.esp8266 import _choose_ld_script
+from esphome.components.esp8266.boards import BOARDS, board_ld_script
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError
+
+
+def test_d1_wroom_02_keeps_its_shipped_layout() -> None:
+    """The override must survive a BOARDS regeneration or key typo: the
+    2m.ld default moves _FS_end and the preferences sector on deployed
+    devices."""
+    assert board_ld_script(BOARDS["d1_wroom_02"]) == "eagle.flash.2m64.ld"
+
+
+def test_default_boards_use_the_flash_size_layout() -> None:
+    assert board_ld_script(BOARDS["d1_mini"]) == "eagle.flash.4m.ld"
+    assert board_ld_script(BOARDS["esp01_1m"]) == "eagle.flash.1m.ld"
+
+
+def test_choose_ld_script_paths() -> None:
+    """Old cores get the size default, overriding boards hard-error there
+    (a substituted layout would wipe flash-backed state), modern cores
+    honor the override."""
+    assert _choose_ld_script("nodemcuv2", cv.Version(2, 3, 0)) is None
+    assert _choose_ld_script("nodemcuv2", cv.Version(2, 4, 2)) == "eagle.flash.4m.ld"
+    assert _choose_ld_script("d1_wroom_02", cv.Version(2, 7, 4)) == (
+        "eagle.flash.2m64.ld"
+    )
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="cannot honor"):
+        _choose_ld_script("d1_wroom_02", cv.Version(2, 4, 2))
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/esp8266/test_build_surgery.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/esp8266/test_build_surgery.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..411a35eb96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/components/esp8266/test_build_surgery.py
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+"""Tests for the linker-script surgery shared with the native toolchain."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import importlib.util
+from pathlib import Path
+import sys
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.components.esp8266 import build_surgery
+from esphome.components.esp8266.boards import BOARDS, ESP8266_BOARD_BUILD
+from esphome.components.esp8266.build_surgery import (
+    RATETABLE_RULE,
+    apply_testing_memory_patches,
+    relocate_ratetable,
+    segment_length,
+)
+
+_COMMON_LD_SNIPPET = """\
+  .dport0.data : ALIGN(4)
+  {
+    _dport0_data_start = ABSOLUTE(.);
+  } >dport0_0_seg :dport0_0_phdr
+  .data : ALIGN(4)
+  {
+    _data_start = ABSOLUTE(.);
+    *(.data)
+  } >dram0_0_seg :dram0_0_phdr
+"""
+
+# Shaped like the real SDK flash ld scripts: no iram1_0_seg (that lives in
+# the generated common ld only)
+_FLASH_LD_SNIPPET = """\
+MEMORY
+{
+  dport0_0_seg :                        org = 0x3FF00000, len = 0x10
+  dram0_0_seg :                         org = 0x3FFE8000, len = 0x14000
+  irom0_0_seg :                         org = 0x40201010, len = 0xfeff0
+}
+"""
+
+# Shaped like the preprocessed common ld: MMU_IRAM_SIZE expands with a ul
+# suffix the patcher must leave in place
+_COMMON_LD_MEMORY_SNIPPET = """\
+MEMORY
+{
+  iram1_0_seg :                         org = 0x40100000, len = 0x8000ul
+}
+"""
+
+
+def test_relocate_ratetable_inserts_after_data_start() -> None:
+    patched = relocate_ratetable(_COMMON_LD_SNIPPET)
+    assert RATETABLE_RULE in patched
+    # Inserted after the .data section's anchor, not the .dport0.data one
+    # (whose closing brace bounds the decoy block)
+    assert RATETABLE_RULE not in patched[: patched.index("} >dport0_0_seg")]
+    assert patched.index(RATETABLE_RULE) < patched.index("*(.data)")
+    # Idempotent on an already-patched script
+    assert relocate_ratetable(patched) == patched
+
+
+def test_relocate_ratetable_requires_anchor() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="_data_start"):
+        relocate_ratetable("SECTIONS { }")
+
+
+def test_testing_memory_patches_enlarge_segments() -> None:
+    patched = apply_testing_memory_patches(
+        _FLASH_LD_SNIPPET, ("dram0_0_seg", "irom0_0_seg")
+    )
+    assert segment_length(patched, "dram0_0_seg") == 0x200000
+    assert segment_length(patched, "irom0_0_seg") == 0x2000000
+    # Untouched segments keep their sizes
+    assert segment_length(patched, "dport0_0_seg") == 0x10
+
+
+def test_testing_memory_patches_keep_ul_suffix() -> None:
+    """The common ld's preprocessed sizes carry a ul suffix; the patch must
+    replace only the hex digits, as testing_mode.py.script does."""
+    patched = apply_testing_memory_patches(_COMMON_LD_MEMORY_SNIPPET, ("iram1_0_seg",))
+    assert "len = 0x200000ul" in patched
+    assert segment_length(patched, "iram1_0_seg") == 0x200000
+
+
+def test_segment_length_requires_whole_name() -> None:
+    """A name must match its own line, never inside a longer segment name."""
+    assert segment_length(_FLASH_LD_SNIPPET, "ram0_0_seg") is None
+
+
+def test_testing_memory_patches_unknown_segment_raises() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="Unknown testing-mode segment"):
+        apply_testing_memory_patches("MEMORY { }", ("bogus_seg",))
+
+
+def test_segment_length() -> None:
+    assert segment_length(_FLASH_LD_SNIPPET, "irom0_0_seg") == 0xFEFF0
+    assert segment_length(_FLASH_LD_SNIPPET, "missing_seg") is None
+
+
+def test_testing_memory_patches_missing_segment_raises() -> None:
+    """A named segment the patch could not find raises instead of silently
+    keeping the real memory limits."""
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="dram0_0_seg"):
+        apply_testing_memory_patches("MEMORY { }", ("dram0_0_seg",))
+
+
+def test_board_build_covers_every_board() -> None:
+    """Every supported board has native build metadata (the table may carry
+    extras that BOARDS does not expose)."""
+    assert set(BOARDS) <= set(ESP8266_BOARD_BUILD)
+
+
+def test_surgery_fingerprint_is_stable_and_sensitive(tmp_path) -> None:
+    """The properties the linker-script cache depends on: the fingerprint is
+    stable across calls and changes when the module's source changes."""
+
+    first = build_surgery.surgery_fingerprint()
+    assert first == build_surgery.surgery_fingerprint()
+    assert len(first) == 64
+    int(first, 16)  # sha256 hex digest
+
+    # A modified copy of the module must fingerprint differently
+    copy = tmp_path / "build_surgery_variant.py"
+    copy.write_text(
+        Path(build_surgery.__file__).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+        + "\nEXTRA_BEHAVIORAL_INPUT = 1\n",
+        encoding="utf-8",
+    )
+    spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location("build_surgery_variant", copy)
+    variant = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
+    sys.modules[spec.name] = variant
+    try:
+        spec.loader.exec_module(variant)
+        assert variant.surgery_fingerprint() != first
+    finally:
+        del sys.modules[spec.name]
+
+
+def test_testing_memory_patches_present_but_unselected_raises() -> None:
+    """A known segment left off the caller's list must fail, not silently
+    keep its real memory limit."""
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="not selected"):
+        apply_testing_memory_patches(_FLASH_LD_SNIPPET, ("dram0_0_seg",))
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/file/__init__.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/file/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/file/test_image.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/file/test_image.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a9c1684db3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/components/file/test_image.py
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+"""Tests for the file image platform's prefetch extraction."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+from esphome.components.file import image as file_image
+from esphome.external_files import RemoteFile
+from esphome.loader import get_component, get_platform
+
+
+def test_extract_mdi_shorthand(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    ref = file_image._extract_file_ref("mdi:home")
+    assert ref is not None
+    assert ref.url == file_image.MDI_SOURCES["mdi"] + "home.svg"
+    assert ref.path.name == "home.svg"
+    assert ref.path.parent.name == "mdi"
+
+
+def test_extract_web_url(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    url = "https://example.com/img.png"
+    ref = file_image._extract_file_ref(url)
+    assert ref == RemoteFile(url, file_image.compute_local_image_path(url))
+
+
+def test_extract_typed_dicts(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    url = "https://example.com/img.png"
+    assert file_image._extract_file_ref({"source": "web", "url": url}) == RemoteFile(
+        url, file_image.compute_local_image_path(url)
+    )
+    ref = file_image._extract_file_ref({"source": "mdil", "icon": "home"})
+    assert ref is not None
+    assert ref.url == file_image.MDI_SOURCES["mdil"] + "home.svg"
+
+
+def test_extract_skips_local_and_garbage(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    assert file_image._extract_file_ref("images/local.png") is None
+    assert file_image._extract_file_ref("mdi:not a valid icon!") is None
+    assert file_image._extract_file_ref({"source": "local", "path": "x.png"}) is None
+    assert file_image._extract_file_ref(42) is None
+    assert file_image._extract_file_ref(None) is None
+
+
+def test_prefetch_files_yields_remote_refs(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    entries = [
+        {"file": "mdi:home"},
+        {"file": "images/local.png"},
+        {"file": "https://example.com/img.png"},
+        {"no_file_key": True},
+    ]
+    [files] = list(file_image.PREFETCH_FILES(entries))
+    assert len(files) == 2
+    assert files[0].url.endswith("home.svg")
+    assert files[1].url == "https://example.com/img.png"
+
+
+def test_extractor_matches_validator_path(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """The path the validator downloads to equals the extractor's path."""
+    with patch(
+        "esphome.components.file.image.external_files.download_content"
+    ) as mock_download:
+        file_image.validate_file_shorthand("mdi:home")
+
+    validated_path = mock_download.call_args[0][1]
+    assert validated_path == file_image._extract_file_ref("mdi:home").path
+
+
+def test_hook_is_wired_to_both_animation_domains() -> None:
+    """Both animation entry points expose the shared image hook."""
+
+    assert get_component("animation").prefetch_files is file_image.PREFETCH_FILES
+    assert (
+        get_platform("image", "animation").prefetch_files is file_image.PREFETCH_FILES
+    )
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/font/__init__.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/font/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/font/test_init.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/font/test_init.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0ea3a0e3a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/components/font/test_init.py
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+"""Tests for the font component's prefetch extraction."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome import external_files
+from esphome.components import font
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.external_files import RemoteFile
+
+
+def _gspec(family: str, weight: int = 400, italic: bool = False) -> dict:
+    return {"family": family, "weight": weight, "italic": italic}
+
+
+def test_extract_gfonts_shorthand_defaults(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    spec = font._extract_remote_font("gfonts://Roboto")
+    assert spec is not None
+    assert spec[font.CONF_FAMILY] == "Roboto"
+    assert spec[font.CONF_WEIGHT] == 400
+    assert spec[font.CONF_ITALIC] is False
+
+
+def test_extract_gfonts_shorthand_weight_variants(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    assert font._extract_remote_font("gfonts://Roboto@bold")[font.CONF_WEIGHT] == 700
+    assert font._extract_remote_font("gfonts://Roboto@500")[font.CONF_WEIGHT] == 500
+
+
+def test_extract_gfonts_normalizes_quoted_italic(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """Boolean spellings the schema accepts are accepted by the extractor."""
+    spec = font._extract_remote_font(
+        {"type": "gfonts", "family": "Roboto", "italic": "true"}
+    )
+    assert spec is not None
+    assert spec[font.CONF_ITALIC] is True
+    assert (
+        font._extract_remote_font(
+            {"type": "gfonts", "family": "Roboto", "italic": "maybe"}
+        )
+        is None
+    )
+
+
+def test_extract_typed_gfonts_dict(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    spec = font._extract_remote_font(
+        {"type": "gfonts", "family": "Roboto", "weight": "medium", "italic": True}
+    )
+    assert spec is not None
+    assert spec[font.CONF_WEIGHT] == 500
+    assert spec[font.CONF_ITALIC] is True
+
+
+def test_extract_web_font(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    url = "https://example.com/font.ttf"
+    for value in (url, {"type": "web", "url": url}):
+        spec = font._extract_remote_font(value)
+        assert spec is not None
+        assert spec[font.CONF_URL] == url
+
+
+def test_extract_skips_local_and_garbage(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    assert font._extract_remote_font("fonts/local.ttf") is None
+    assert font._extract_remote_font({"type": "local", "path": "x.ttf"}) is None
+    assert (
+        font._extract_remote_font({"type": "gfonts", "family": "R", "weight": "no"})
+        is None
+    )
+    assert font._extract_remote_font(42) is None
+
+
+def test_prefetch_yields_css_for_stale_gfont(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    entries = [
+        {"file": "gfonts://Roboto"},
+        {"file": "fonts/local.ttf"},
+        {
+            "file": "https://example.com/font.ttf",
+            "extras": [{"file": "gfonts://Monocraft"}],
+        },
+    ]
+    batches = list(font.PREFETCH_FILES(entries))
+    urls = [file.url for file in batches[0]]
+    assert font._gfonts_css_url(_gspec("Roboto")) in urls
+    assert font._gfonts_css_url(_gspec("Monocraft")) in urls
+    assert "https://example.com/font.ttf" in urls
+    assert len(batches[0]) == 3
+
+
+def test_prefetch_skips_recent_ttf(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    path = font._gfonts_ttf_path(_gspec("Roboto"))
+    path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    path.write_bytes(b"cached ttf")
+
+    batches = list(font.PREFETCH_FILES([{"file": "gfonts://Roboto"}]))
+    assert batches == [[], []]
+
+
+def test_stage2_parses_cached_css(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+
+    css_path = font._gfonts_css_path(_gspec("Roboto"))
+    css_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    css_path.write_text(
+        "src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/roboto.ttf) format('truetype');"
+    )
+    # Stage two only trusts CSS confirmed fetched this run.
+    external_files._run_data().fresh_paths.add(css_path)
+
+    batches = list(font.PREFETCH_FILES([{"file": "gfonts://Roboto"}]))
+    assert batches[1] == [
+        RemoteFile(
+            "https://fonts.gstatic.com/roboto.ttf",
+            font._gfonts_ttf_path(_gspec("Roboto")),
+        )
+    ]
+
+
+def test_stage2_skips_missing_css(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    batches = list(font.PREFETCH_FILES([{"file": "gfonts://NoCss"}]))
+    assert batches[1] == []
+
+
+def test_prefetch_handles_bare_mapping_extras(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """A bare-mapping extras value (valid raw config) is scanned."""
+    entries = [
+        {
+            "file": "fonts/local.ttf",
+            "extras": {"file": "gfonts://Roboto", "glyphs": "ABC"},
+        }
+    ]
+    batches = list(font.PREFETCH_FILES(entries))
+    assert [file.url for file in batches[0]] == [font._gfonts_css_url(_gspec("Roboto"))]
+
+
+def test_unparseable_gfonts_css_is_evicted(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """A CSS body that fails to parse is removed from the cache."""
+
+    spec = {
+        "family": "Roboto",
+        "weight": 400,
+        "italic": False,
+        "refresh": font._REFRESH_VALIDATOR("0s"),
+    }
+    css_path = font._gfonts_css_path(spec)
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "esphome.components.font.external_files.download_content",
+            return_value=b"no truetype url here",
+        ),
+        patch(
+            "esphome.components.font.external_files.is_fresh_this_run",
+            return_value=True,
+        ),
+        pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="please report this"),
+    ):
+        font.download_gfont(spec)
+    assert not css_path.exists()
+
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "esphome.components.font.external_files.download_content",
+            return_value=b"\xff\xfe\x00\x01binary",
+        ),
+        patch(
+            "esphome.components.font.external_files.is_fresh_this_run",
+            return_value=True,
+        ),
+        pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="not a text document"),
+    ):
+        font.download_gfont(spec)
+    assert not css_path.exists()
+
+
+def test_unrevalidated_gfonts_css_uses_cached_font(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """A CSS body that could not be revalidated is not parsed for a ttf
+    URL; the cached font is used instead."""
+    spec = {
+        "family": "Roboto",
+        "weight": 400,
+        "italic": False,
+        "refresh": font._REFRESH_VALIDATOR("0s"),
+    }
+    ttf_path = font._gfonts_ttf_path(spec)
+    ttf_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    ttf_path.write_bytes(b"cached ttf")
+    cache = MagicMock()
+    with (
+        patch.object(font, "FONT_CACHE", cache),
+        patch(
+            "esphome.components.font.external_files.download_content",
+            return_value=b"stale css",
+        ),
+    ):
+        assert font.download_gfont(spec) is spec
+    cache.__setitem__.assert_called_once_with(spec, ttf_path)
+
+
+def test_unrevalidated_gfonts_css_without_cached_font_errors(
+    setup_core: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """No verified CSS and no cached font is a clear error."""
+    spec = {
+        "family": "Roboto",
+        "weight": 500,
+        "italic": False,
+        "refresh": font._REFRESH_VALIDATOR("0s"),
+    }
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "esphome.components.font.external_files.download_content",
+            return_value=b"stale css",
+        ),
+        pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="no cached font"),
+    ):
+        font.download_gfont(spec)
+
+
+def test_stage2_skips_css_not_fetched_this_run(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """A leftover CSS from an earlier run is not trusted for stage two."""
+    css_path = font._gfonts_css_path(_gspec("Roboto"))
+    css_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    css_path.write_text(
+        "src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/rotated.ttf) format('truetype');"
+    )
+
+    batches = list(font.PREFETCH_FILES([{"file": "gfonts://Roboto"}]))
+    assert batches[1] == []
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/gsl3670/__init__.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/gsl3670/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/gsl3670/test_touchscreen.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/gsl3670/test_touchscreen.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a4b96d72da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/components/gsl3670/test_touchscreen.py
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+"""Tests for the gsl3670 touchscreen prefetch extraction."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from esphome.components.gsl3670 import touchscreen as gsl
+from esphome.external_files import RemoteFile
+
+
+def test_prefetch_explicit_url(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    url = "https://example.com/fw.bin"
+    entries = [{"platform": "gsl3670", "firmware": {"url": url}}]
+    assert list(gsl.PREFETCH_FILES(entries)) == [
+        [RemoteFile(url, gsl._cache_path(url))]
+    ]
+
+
+def test_prefetch_model_default_firmware(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    entries = [{"platform": "gsl3670", "model": "seeed-reterminal-d1001"}]
+    [files] = list(gsl.PREFETCH_FILES(entries))
+    assert len(files) == 1
+    assert (
+        files[0].url == gsl.MODELS["SEEED-RETERMINAL-D1001"][gsl.CONF_FIRMWARE]["url"]
+    )
+    assert files[0].path == gsl._cache_path(files[0].url)
+
+
+def test_prefetch_skips_local_file_and_custom(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    entries = [
+        {"platform": "gsl3670", "firmware": {"file": "fw.bin"}},
+        {"platform": "gsl3670", "model": "CUSTOM"},
+        {"platform": "gsl3670"},
+    ]
+    assert list(gsl.PREFETCH_FILES(entries)) == [[]]
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/light/test_channel_colors.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/light/test_channel_colors.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0c129a8bb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/components/light/test_channel_colors.py
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+"""Tests for the shared addressable-strip channel order helpers."""
+
+import logging
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS, CONF_IS_WRGB
+from esphome.components.light import (
+    channel_colors_struct,
+    migrate_channel_colors,
+    validate_channel_colors,
+)
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_IS_RGBW, CONF_RGB_ORDER
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+NO_WHITE = "light::ChannelColors::NO_WHITE"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("value", "expected"),
+    [
+        ("RGB", "RGB"),
+        ("grb", "GRB"),
+        ("BRG", "BRG"),
+        ("rgbw", "RGBW"),
+        ("WRGB", "WRGB"),
+        ("GWRB", "GWRB"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_validate_channel_colors(value: str, expected: str) -> None:
+    assert validate_channel_colors(value) == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "value",
+    [
+        "RG",  # missing a channel
+        "RGBB",  # duplicate channel
+        "RRGB",  # duplicate channel, correct length
+        "RGBWW",  # two white channels
+        "RGBX",  # unknown channel
+        "RGBWX",  # unknown channel, correct length
+        "",
+    ],
+)
+def test_validate_channel_colors_rejects_invalid(value: str) -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="is not a valid channel order"):
+        validate_channel_colors(value)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("value", "expected"),
+    [
+        ("RGB", (0, 1, 2, NO_WHITE)),
+        ("GRB", (1, 0, 2, NO_WHITE)),
+        ("BRG", (1, 2, 0, NO_WHITE)),
+        ("RGBW", (0, 1, 2, 3)),
+        ("GRBW", (1, 0, 2, 3)),
+        ("WRGB", (1, 2, 3, 0)),
+        ("GWRB", (2, 0, 3, 1)),
+    ],
+)
+def test_channel_colors_struct(value: str, expected: tuple[int, int, int, int]) -> None:
+    struct = channel_colors_struct(value)
+    assert str(struct.base) == "light::ChannelColors"
+    assert tuple(str(arg) for arg in struct.args.values()) == tuple(
+        str(field) for field in expected
+    )
+
+
+def _migrate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    return migrate_channel_colors(removed_in="2027.3.0", component="test_strip")(config)
+
+
+def test_migrate_passes_through_channel_colors() -> None:
+    config = {CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS: "GRBW"}
+    assert _migrate(config) == {CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS: "GRBW"}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("deprecated", "expected", "named"),
+    [
+        ({}, "GRB", "'rgb_order' is"),
+        (
+            {CONF_IS_RGBW: False, CONF_IS_WRGB: False},
+            "GRB",
+            "'rgb_order', 'is_rgbw' and 'is_wrgb' are",
+        ),
+        ({CONF_IS_RGBW: True}, "GRBW", "'rgb_order' and 'is_rgbw' are"),
+        ({CONF_IS_WRGB: True}, "WGRB", "'rgb_order' and 'is_wrgb' are"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_migrate_folds_deprecated_keys(
+    deprecated: ConfigType,
+    expected: str,
+    named: str,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    config = {CONF_RGB_ORDER: "GRB", "num_leds": 1, **deprecated}
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        result = _migrate(config)
+
+    assert result == {CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS: expected, "num_leds": 1}
+    assert f"[test_strip] {named} deprecated" in caplog.text
+    assert f"'{CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS}: {expected}'" in caplog.text
+    assert "2027.3.0" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_migrate_does_not_mutate_input() -> None:
+    config = {CONF_RGB_ORDER: "GRB", CONF_IS_RGBW: True}
+    _migrate(config)
+    assert config == {CONF_RGB_ORDER: "GRB", CONF_IS_RGBW: True}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("deprecated", [CONF_RGB_ORDER, CONF_IS_RGBW, CONF_IS_WRGB])
+def test_migrate_rejects_mixing_old_and_new(deprecated: str) -> None:
+    config = {CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS: "GRBW", deprecated: "GRB"}
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match=f"cannot be combined with '{deprecated}'"):
+        _migrate(config)
+
+
+def test_migrate_reports_every_conflicting_key() -> None:
+    config = {
+        CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS: "GRBW",
+        CONF_RGB_ORDER: "GRB",
+        CONF_IS_RGBW: True,
+        CONF_IS_WRGB: False,
+    }
+    with pytest.raises(
+        cv.Invalid, match="cannot be combined with 'rgb_order', 'is_rgbw' and 'is_wrgb'"
+    ):
+        _migrate(config)
+
+
+def test_migrate_requires_channel_colors() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match=f"'{CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS}' is required"):
+        _migrate({"num_leds": 1})
+
+
+def test_migrate_rejects_is_rgbw_with_is_wrgb() -> None:
+    config = {CONF_RGB_ORDER: "GRB", CONF_IS_RGBW: True, CONF_IS_WRGB: True}
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="cannot both be enabled"):
+        _migrate(config)
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/light/test_gamma_table.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/light/test_gamma_table.py
index a302a355dc..75c3f18e42 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/components/light/test_gamma_table.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/components/light/test_gamma_table.py
@@ -53,9 +53,12 @@ def test_nonzero_indices_are_nonzero(gamma: float) -> None:
         assert table[i] >= 1, f"gamma={gamma}, index {i}: got {table[i]}"
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("gamma", [1.0, 2.0, 2.2, 2.8, 3.0])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("gamma", [1.0, 1.8, 2.0, 2.2, 2.8, 3.0, 4.0])
 def test_table_monotonically_nondecreasing(gamma: float) -> None:
-    """The gamma table must be monotonically non-decreasing."""
+    """The gamma table must be monotonically non-decreasing.
+
+    gamma_table_reverse_search()'s binary search depends on this.
+    """
     table = generate_gamma_table(gamma)
     for i in range(1, 256):
         assert table[i] >= table[i - 1], (
@@ -115,3 +118,13 @@ def test_lut_output_monotonically_nondecreasing() -> None:
         result = _simulate_gamma_correct_lut(table, value)
         assert result >= prev, f"value={value}: result {result} < previous {prev}"
         prev = result
+
+
+def test_table_matches_raw_power_curve() -> None:
+    """Check the gamma table against known good values for gamma=2.8."""
+    table = generate_gamma_table(2.8)
+    golden = {1: 1, 5: 1, 15: 24, 27: 122, 28: 135, 100: 4766, 200: 33193, 254: 64818}
+    for i, expected in golden.items():
+        assert table[i] == expected, (
+            f"index {i}: table[{i}]={table[i]} expected {expected}"
+        )
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/lvgl/__init__.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/lvgl/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/lvgl/test_table_codegen.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/lvgl/test_table_codegen.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..390f67dffc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/components/lvgl/test_table_codegen.py
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+"""Tests for the LVGL table widget's C++ code generation."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.automation import ACTION_REGISTRY
+from esphome.components.lvgl.defines import set_widgets_completed
+from esphome.components.lvgl.lvcode import LvContext
+from esphome.components.lvgl.schemas import container_schema
+from esphome.components.lvgl.trigger import generate_triggers
+from esphome.components.lvgl.widgets import Widget, widget_to_code
+from esphome.components.lvgl.widgets.table import table_spec
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_AUTOMATION_ID,
+    CONF_ON_VALUE,
+    CONF_THEN,
+    CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
+    CONF_TYPE_ID,
+)
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArguments
+from esphome.yaml_util import make_data_base
+
+
+async def _create_table(raw_config: dict) -> Widget:
+    """Validate `raw_config` as a table widget and generate its creation code."""
+    config = container_schema(table_spec)(raw_config)
+    parent = MockObj("parent_obj")
+    async with LvContext():
+        return await widget_to_code(config, table_spec, parent)
+
+
+def _statements() -> list[str]:
+    return [str(s) for s in CORE.main_statements]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_create_table_sets_row_and_column_count(setup_core) -> None:
+    await _create_table(
+        {"id": "table_counts", "rows": [["Name", "Value"], ["Temp", "22.5"]]}
+    )
+    statements = _statements()
+    assert any("lv_table_set_row_count(table_counts->obj, 2)" in s for s in statements)
+    assert any(
+        "lv_table_set_column_count(table_counts->obj, 2)" in s for s in statements
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_create_table_writes_cell_values(setup_core) -> None:
+    await _create_table({"id": "table_cells", "rows": [["Name", "Value"]]})
+    statements = _statements()
+    assert any(
+        'lv_table_set_cell_value(table_cells->obj, 0, 0, "Name")' in s
+        for s in statements
+    )
+    assert any(
+        'lv_table_set_cell_value(table_cells->obj, 0, 1, "Value")' in s
+        for s in statements
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_create_table_sets_cell_control_flags(setup_core) -> None:
+    await _create_table(
+        {
+            "id": "table_ctrl",
+            "rows": [
+                {
+                    "cells": [
+                        {"text": "wide", "merge_right": True},
+                        {"text": "cropped", "text_crop": True},
+                    ]
+                }
+            ],
+        }
+    )
+    statements = _statements()
+    assert any(
+        "lv_table_set_cell_ctrl(table_ctrl->obj, 0, 0, LV_TABLE_CELL_CTRL_MERGE_RIGHT)"
+        in s
+        for s in statements
+    )
+    assert any(
+        "lv_table_set_cell_ctrl(table_ctrl->obj, 0, 1, LV_TABLE_CELL_CTRL_TEXT_CROP)"
+        in s
+        for s in statements
+    )
+    # text_crop omitted for cell 0: no clear_cell_ctrl() should be emitted.
+    assert not any(
+        "table_ctrl->obj, 0, 0, LV_TABLE_CELL_CTRL_TEXT_CROP" in s for s in statements
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_pixel_column_width_calls_lvgl_directly(setup_core) -> None:
+    await _create_table({"id": "table_px", "columns": [{"width": 96}]})
+    statements = _statements()
+    assert any(
+        "lv_table_set_column_width(table_px->obj, 0, 96)" in s for s in statements
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_percent_column_width_uses_the_dynamic_helper(setup_core) -> None:
+    """Regression test: lv_table_set_column_width() only accepts a literal
+    pixel count, so a percentage width must not be passed to it directly -
+    it has to go through the LvTableType helper that recomputes it at
+    runtime from the table's actual content width.
+    """
+    await _create_table({"id": "table_pct", "columns": [{"width": "40%"}]})
+    statements = _statements()
+    assert any("table_pct->init_column_pct(1)" in s for s in statements)
+    assert any("table_pct->add_column_width_pct(0, 40)" in s for s in statements)
+    assert not any(
+        "lv_table_set_column_width(table_pct->obj, 0" in s for s in statements
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_selected_cell_with_both_indices(setup_core) -> None:
+    await _create_table(
+        {"id": "table_sel_both", "selected_row": 1, "selected_column": 2}
+    )
+    statements = _statements()
+    assert any(
+        "lv_table_set_selected_cell(table_sel_both->obj, 1, 2)" in s for s in statements
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_selected_cell_with_only_row_selects_whole_row(setup_core) -> None:
+    await _create_table({"id": "table_sel_row", "selected_row": 1})
+    statements = _statements()
+    assert any(
+        "lv_table_set_selected_cell(table_sel_row->obj, 1, LV_TABLE_CELL_NONE)" in s
+        for s in statements
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_selected_cell_omitted_entirely_when_not_configured(
+    setup_core,
+) -> None:
+    await _create_table({"id": "table_no_selection", "rows": [["a"]]})
+    statements = _statements()
+    assert not any("lv_table_set_selected_cell" in s for s in statements)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_cell_update_action_writes_only_the_given_fields(setup_core) -> None:
+    await _create_table({"id": "table_update", "rows": [["a", "b"], ["c", "d"]]})
+    set_widgets_completed(True)
+    # Only inspect statements emitted by the action below, not by creation.
+    before = len(_statements())
+
+    entry = ACTION_REGISTRY["lvgl.table.cell.update"]
+    config = entry.schema(
+        {"id": "table_update", "row": 1, "column": 1, "text": "new value"}
+    )
+    action_id = ID("test_cell_update_action", is_declaration=True, type=entry.type_id)
+    await entry.coroutine_fun(config, action_id, TemplateArguments(), [])
+
+    statements = _statements()[before:]
+    assert any(
+        'lv_table_set_cell_value(table_update->obj, 1, 1, "new value")' in s
+        for s in statements
+    )
+    # Neither control flag was specified, so neither call should be emitted.
+    assert not any("LV_TABLE_CELL_CTRL" in s for s in statements)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_on_value_registers_a_value_changed_event_callback(setup_core) -> None:
+    config = container_schema(table_spec)(
+        {
+            "id": "table_on_value",
+            "rows": [["a"]],
+            "on_value": [
+                {"lambda": make_data_base("id(table_on_value).get_selected_row();")}
+            ],
+        }
+    )
+    # Auto-generated IDs (trigger/automation/action) are normally resolved to
+    # unique names by esphome's full config pass before code generation; do
+    # that by hand here since this test only exercises the widget/trigger
+    # codegen slice in isolation.
+    automation_conf = config[CONF_ON_VALUE][0]
+    automation_conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID].resolve([])
+    automation_conf[CONF_AUTOMATION_ID].resolve([])
+    automation_conf[CONF_THEN][0][CONF_TYPE_ID].resolve([])
+
+    parent = MockObj("parent_obj")
+    async with LvContext():
+        await widget_to_code(config, table_spec, parent)
+        set_widgets_completed(True)
+        await generate_triggers()
+
+    statements = _statements()
+    assert any(
+        "table_on_value->obj" in s
+        and "add_event_cb" in s
+        and "LV_EVENT_VALUE_CHANGED" in s
+        for s in statements
+    )
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/lvgl/test_table_config.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/lvgl/test_table_config.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..047d1781ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/components/lvgl/test_table_config.py
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+"""Tests for the LVGL table widget's configuration validation."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome import config_validation as cv
+from esphome.automation import ACTION_REGISTRY
+from esphome.components.lvgl.widgets.table import (
+    CONF_MERGE_RIGHT,
+    CONF_TEXT_CROP,
+    TABLE_SCHEMA,
+)
+
+
+def test_minimal_config_is_valid() -> None:
+    assert TABLE_SCHEMA({}) == {}
+
+
+def test_row_shorthand_expands_to_plain_cells() -> None:
+    config = TABLE_SCHEMA({"rows": [["Name", "Value"]]})
+    [row] = config["rows"]
+    assert row["cells"] == [{"text": "Name"}, {"text": "Value"}]
+
+
+def test_row_dict_form_with_cell_overrides() -> None:
+    config = TABLE_SCHEMA(
+        {
+            "rows": [
+                {
+                    "cells": [
+                        "Temp",
+                        {"text": "22.5", "text_crop": True, "merge_right": True},
+                    ]
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    )
+    [row] = config["rows"]
+    assert row["cells"][0] == {"text": "Temp"}
+    assert row["cells"][1] == {
+        "text": "22.5",
+        "merge_right": True,
+        "text_crop": True,
+    }
+
+
+def test_row_count_defaults_are_not_injected_by_the_schema() -> None:
+    # Inference of row/column counts from `rows` happens at code generation
+    # time, not during validation - the schema should leave them unset.
+    config = TABLE_SCHEMA({"rows": [["a", "b"], ["c"]]})
+    assert "row_count" not in config
+    assert "column_count" not in config
+
+
+def test_explicit_row_and_column_count_are_kept() -> None:
+    config = TABLE_SCHEMA({"row_count": 5, "column_count": 3})
+    assert config["row_count"] == 5
+    assert config["column_count"] == 3
+
+
+def test_row_count_too_small_for_given_rows_raises() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="row_count"):
+        TABLE_SCHEMA({"rows": [["a"], ["b"], ["c"]], "row_count": 2})
+
+
+def test_column_count_too_small_for_given_cells_raises() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="column_count"):
+        TABLE_SCHEMA({"rows": [["a", "b", "c"]], "column_count": 2})
+
+
+def test_columns_list_longer_than_column_count_raises() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="columns"):
+        TABLE_SCHEMA(
+            {
+                "column_count": 1,
+                "columns": [{"width": 10}, {"width": 20}],
+            }
+        )
+
+
+def test_columns_list_matching_inferred_column_count_is_valid() -> None:
+    config = TABLE_SCHEMA(
+        {
+            "rows": [["a", "b"]],
+            "columns": [{"width": 10}, {"width": 20}],
+        }
+    )
+    assert [c["width"] for c in config["columns"]] == [10, 20]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("width", "expected"),
+    [
+        (100, 100),
+        ("50%", 0.5),
+        ("32px", 32),
+    ],
+)
+def test_column_width_accepts_pixels_and_percent(width, expected) -> None:
+    config = TABLE_SCHEMA({"columns": [{"width": width}]})
+    assert config["columns"][0]["width"] == expected
+
+
+def test_columns_percent_widths_summing_over_100_percent_raises() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="columns"):
+        TABLE_SCHEMA({"columns": [{"width": "60%"}, {"width": "50%"}]})
+
+
+def test_columns_percent_widths_summing_to_100_percent_is_valid() -> None:
+    config = TABLE_SCHEMA({"columns": [{"width": "60%"}, {"width": "40%"}]})
+    assert [c["width"] for c in config["columns"]] == [0.6, 0.4]
+
+
+def test_columns_mixed_pixel_and_percent_widths_ignore_pixels_in_the_total() -> None:
+    # Pixel widths aren't part of the percentage budget, so they shouldn't
+    # count towards the 100% limit.
+    config = TABLE_SCHEMA(
+        {"columns": [{"width": 200}, {"width": "80%"}, {"width": "20%"}]}
+    )
+    assert [c["width"] for c in config["columns"]] == [200, 0.8, 0.2]
+
+
+def test_selected_row_and_selected_column_are_independently_optional() -> None:
+    config = TABLE_SCHEMA({"selected_row": 1})
+    assert config["selected_row"] == 1
+    assert "selected_column" not in config
+
+
+def test_cell_update_action_requires_at_least_one_field() -> None:
+    entry = ACTION_REGISTRY["lvgl.table.cell.update"]
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid):
+        entry.schema({"id": "some_table", "row": 0, "column": 0})
+
+
+def test_cell_update_action_accepts_a_single_field() -> None:
+    entry = ACTION_REGISTRY["lvgl.table.cell.update"]
+    config = entry.schema(
+        {"id": "some_table", "row": 0, "column": 0, "merge_right": True}
+    )
+    assert config[CONF_MERGE_RIGHT] is True
+    assert CONF_TEXT_CROP not in config
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/micro_wake_word/test_init.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/micro_wake_word/test_init.py
index 84371ab906..96fb73b18b 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/components/micro_wake_word/test_init.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/components/micro_wake_word/test_init.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TYPE,
     CONF_URL,
 )
+from esphome.external_files import RemoteFile
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
@@ -114,12 +115,16 @@ def test_download_http_models_batches_manifests_then_models(
     assert mock_download_content_many.call_count == 2
     manifest_items = list(mock_download_content_many.call_args_list[0].args[0])
     assert manifest_items == [
-        (f"https://example.com/models/{name}.json", paths[name] / "manifest.json")
+        RemoteFile(
+            f"https://example.com/models/{name}.json", paths[name] / "manifest.json"
+        )
         for name in names
     ]
     model_items = list(mock_download_content_many.call_args_list[1].args[0])
     assert model_items == [
-        (f"https://example.com/models/{name}.tflite", paths[name] / f"{name}.tflite")
+        RemoteFile(
+            f"https://example.com/models/{name}.tflite", paths[name] / f"{name}.tflite"
+        )
         for name in names
     ]
 
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/mqtt/test_object_id_conflicts.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/mqtt/test_object_id_conflicts.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 0ac61b4dad..0000000000
--- a/tests/unit_tests/components/mqtt/test_object_id_conflicts.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,239 +0,0 @@
-"""Tests for the MQTT object_id conflict filter.
-
-MQTT still builds default topics and discovery topics from the sanitized
-object_id, so entity names that only differ in characters lost during
-sanitizing conflict there; _topics_conflict() exempts entities that never
-use an object_id-derived topic. See https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/85
-"""
-
-from pathlib import Path
-
-import pytest
-
-from esphome.components.mqtt import (
-    _COMMAND_TOPIC_PLATFORMS,
-    _SUB_TOPIC_PLATFORMS,
-    _topics_conflict,
-)
-from esphome.config_validation import Invalid
-from esphome.const import (
-    CONF_COMMAND_TOPIC,
-    CONF_DISCOVERY,
-    CONF_NAME,
-    CONF_STATE_TOPIC,
-    CONF_TOPIC_PREFIX,
-)
-from esphome.core import CORE
-from esphome.core.entity_helpers import (
-    entity_duplicate_validator,
-    validate_no_object_id_conflicts,
-)
-
-COMPONENTS_DIR = Path(__file__).parents[4] / "esphome" / "components"
-
-REASON = "mqtt builds default topics from the entity object_id"
-
-
-# MQTT infrastructure sources, not entity components
-_NON_ENTITY_MQTT_SOURCES = {"mqtt_client", "mqtt_component"}
-# The date, time and datetime MQTT components all belong to the datetime platform
-_DATETIME_STEMS = {"date", "time", "datetime"}
-
-
-def test_command_topic_platforms_in_sync() -> None:
-    """Verify _COMMAND_TOPIC_PLATFORMS matches the MQTT components that subscribe.
-
-    Drift silently reintroduces shared subscribe topics, so this derives the set
-    from the C++ components that actually call subscribe(); that also catches
-    platforms like text that subscribe a command topic without exposing a
-    command_topic key in their schema.
-    """
-    expected: set[str] = set()
-    for path in (COMPONENTS_DIR / "mqtt").glob("mqtt_*.cpp"):
-        if path.stem in _NON_ENTITY_MQTT_SOURCES:
-            continue
-        if "this->subscribe" not in path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"):
-            continue
-        stem = path.stem.removeprefix("mqtt_")
-        expected.add("datetime" if stem in _DATETIME_STEMS else stem)
-    assert expected == _COMMAND_TOPIC_PLATFORMS
-
-
-def test_sub_topic_platforms_in_sync() -> None:
-    """Verify _SUB_TOPIC_PLATFORMS matches the MQTT components with sub-topics.
-
-    Platforms whose MQTT headers use MQTT_COMPONENT_CUSTOM_TOPIC derive extra
-    topics such as position/command from the object_id.
-    """
-    expected = {
-        path.stem.removeprefix("mqtt_")
-        for path in (COMPONENTS_DIR / "mqtt").glob("mqtt_*.h")
-        if path.stem != "mqtt_component"
-        and "MQTT_COMPONENT_CUSTOM_TOPIC" in path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    }
-    assert expected == _SUB_TOPIC_PLATFORMS
-
-
-def test_conflict_filter_exempts_custom_topics() -> None:
-    """Test that custom state topics with discovery off avoid the conflict."""
-    validator = entity_duplicate_validator("sensor")
-    # Both entities have custom state topics and discovery disabled per entity,
-    # so no object_id-derived MQTT topic is used
-    validator(
-        {
-            CONF_NAME: "Датчик открытия",
-            CONF_STATE_TOPIC: "custom/topic/a",
-            CONF_DISCOVERY: False,
-        }
-    )
-    validator(
-        {
-            CONF_NAME: "Датчик закрытия",
-            CONF_STATE_TOPIC: "custom/topic/b",
-            CONF_DISCOVERY: False,
-        }
-    )
-
-    component_validator = validate_no_object_id_conflicts(
-        REASON, conflict_filter=_topics_conflict
-    )
-    config: dict = {CONF_DISCOVERY: True, CONF_TOPIC_PREFIX: "test-device"}
-    assert component_validator(config) is config
-
-    # Without the filter the same conflicts are fatal
-    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match=r"mqtt builds default topics"):
-        validate_no_object_id_conflicts(REASON)({})
-
-
-def test_conflict_on_default_command_topic() -> None:
-    """Test that commandable platforms conflict through their default command topic.
-
-    Custom state topics with discovery off are not enough for platforms that also
-    subscribe to an object_id-derived command topic.
-    """
-    validator = entity_duplicate_validator("switch")
-    validator(
-        {
-            CONF_NAME: "Датчик открытия",
-            CONF_STATE_TOPIC: "custom/topic/a",
-            CONF_DISCOVERY: False,
-        }
-    )
-    validator(
-        {
-            CONF_NAME: "Датчик закрытия",
-            CONF_STATE_TOPIC: "custom/topic/b",
-            CONF_DISCOVERY: False,
-        }
-    )
-
-    component_validator = validate_no_object_id_conflicts(
-        REASON, conflict_filter=_topics_conflict
-    )
-    mqtt_config: dict = {CONF_DISCOVERY: True, CONF_TOPIC_PREFIX: "test-device"}
-    # Both switches share the default command topic: rejected
-    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match=r"mqtt builds default topics"):
-        component_validator(mqtt_config)
-
-    # With custom command topics as well, nothing derives from the object_id
-    CORE.reset()
-    validator = entity_duplicate_validator("switch")
-    validator(
-        {
-            CONF_NAME: "Датчик открытия",
-            CONF_STATE_TOPIC: "custom/topic/a",
-            CONF_COMMAND_TOPIC: "custom/cmd/a",
-            CONF_DISCOVERY: False,
-        }
-    )
-    validator(
-        {
-            CONF_NAME: "Датчик закрытия",
-            CONF_STATE_TOPIC: "custom/topic/b",
-            CONF_COMMAND_TOPIC: "custom/cmd/b",
-            CONF_DISCOVERY: False,
-        }
-    )
-    assert component_validator(mqtt_config) is mqtt_config
-
-
-def test_conflict_on_sub_topic_platforms() -> None:
-    """Test that platforms with extra object_id sub-topics always conflict.
-
-    Covers derive topics like position/command from the object_id through their
-    own config keys, so custom state and command topics cannot exempt them.
-    """
-    validator = entity_duplicate_validator("cover")
-    validator(
-        {
-            CONF_NAME: "Датчик открытия",
-            CONF_STATE_TOPIC: "custom/topic/a",
-            CONF_COMMAND_TOPIC: "custom/cmd/a",
-            CONF_DISCOVERY: False,
-        }
-    )
-    validator(
-        {
-            CONF_NAME: "Датчик закрытия",
-            CONF_STATE_TOPIC: "custom/topic/b",
-            CONF_COMMAND_TOPIC: "custom/cmd/b",
-            CONF_DISCOVERY: False,
-        }
-    )
-
-    component_validator = validate_no_object_id_conflicts(
-        REASON, conflict_filter=_topics_conflict
-    )
-    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match=r"mqtt builds default topics"):
-        component_validator({CONF_DISCOVERY: True, CONF_TOPIC_PREFIX: "test-device"})
-
-
-def test_no_conflict_on_disjoint_default_topics() -> None:
-    """Test that entities whose default topics are disjoint do not conflict.
-
-    One entity uses only the default command topic and the other only the default
-    state topic, so they never share a topic.
-    """
-    validator = entity_duplicate_validator("switch")
-    validator(
-        {
-            CONF_NAME: "Датчик открытия",
-            CONF_STATE_TOPIC: "custom/topic/a",
-            CONF_DISCOVERY: False,
-        }
-    )
-    validator(
-        {
-            CONF_NAME: "Датчик закрытия",
-            CONF_COMMAND_TOPIC: "custom/cmd/b",
-            CONF_DISCOVERY: False,
-        }
-    )
-
-    component_validator = validate_no_object_id_conflicts(
-        REASON, conflict_filter=_topics_conflict
-    )
-    config: dict = {CONF_DISCOVERY: True, CONF_TOPIC_PREFIX: "test-device"}
-    assert component_validator(config) is config
-
-
-def test_no_conflict_on_empty_topic_prefix() -> None:
-    """Test that an empty topic_prefix disables the default topic conflict.
-
-    With topic_prefix set to null no default topics exist at runtime, so entities
-    without custom state topics cannot conflict; only discovery still matters.
-    """
-    validator = entity_duplicate_validator("sensor")
-    validator({CONF_NAME: "Датчик открытия"})
-    validator({CONF_NAME: "Датчик закрытия"})
-
-    component_validator = validate_no_object_id_conflicts(
-        REASON, conflict_filter=_topics_conflict
-    )
-    # No default topics and no discovery: valid
-    config: dict = {CONF_DISCOVERY: False, CONF_TOPIC_PREFIX: ""}
-    assert component_validator(config) is config
-
-    # Discovery still uses object_id-derived config topics: rejected
-    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match=r"mqtt builds default topics"):
-        component_validator({CONF_DISCOVERY: True, CONF_TOPIC_PREFIX: ""})
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/shelly_dimmer/__init__.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/shelly_dimmer/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/shelly_dimmer/test_light.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/shelly_dimmer/test_light.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e5440db4c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/components/shelly_dimmer/test_light.py
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+"""Tests for the shelly_dimmer firmware download and prefetch extraction."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import hashlib
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome import external_files
+from esphome.components.shelly_dimmer import light as shd
+from esphome.config_validation import Invalid
+from esphome.external_files import RemoteFile
+
+
+def _sha(data: bytes) -> str:
+    return hashlib.sha256(data).hexdigest()
+
+
+def test_prefetch_known_version(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    entries = [{"firmware": {"version": "51.6", "update": True}}]
+    stages = list(shd.PREFETCH_FILES(entries))
+    url, sha = shd.KNOWN_FIRMWARE["51.6"]
+    assert stages == [[RemoteFile(url, shd._firmware_cache_path(sha))]]
+
+
+def test_prefetch_normalizes_update_like_the_schema(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """Quoted booleans behave as the schema will normalize them."""
+    url, sha = shd.KNOWN_FIRMWARE["51.6"]
+    off = [{"firmware": {"version": "51.6", "update": "false"}}]
+    assert list(shd.PREFETCH_FILES(off)) == [[]]
+    on = [{"firmware": {"version": "51.6", "update": "true"}}]
+    assert list(shd.PREFETCH_FILES(on)) == [
+        [RemoteFile(url, shd._firmware_cache_path(sha))]
+    ]
+
+
+def test_prefetch_rejects_malformed_sha256(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """A raw sha256 that is not a hash never becomes a path component."""
+    entries = [
+        {
+            "firmware": {
+                "url": "https://example.com/fw.bin",
+                "sha256": "/tmp/payload",
+                "update": True,
+            }
+        }
+    ]
+    assert list(shd.PREFETCH_FILES(entries)) == [[]]
+
+
+def test_prefetch_skips_content_addressed_blob_on_disk(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """A sha-keyed cache file needs no revalidation; get_firmware hashes it."""
+    url, sha = shd.KNOWN_FIRMWARE["51.6"]
+    shd._firmware_cache_path(sha).write_bytes(b"pinned firmware")
+    entries = [{"firmware": {"version": "51.6", "update": True}}]
+    assert list(shd.PREFETCH_FILES(entries)) == [[]]
+
+
+def test_prefetch_explicit_url_without_sha(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    url = "https://example.com/fw.bin"
+    entries = [{"firmware": {"url": url, "update": True}}]
+    stages = list(shd.PREFETCH_FILES(entries))
+    key = external_files.url_cache_key(url)
+    # No sha means the bytes cannot be verified, so the prefetch itself
+    # must carry the validator's strict no-stale policy.
+    assert stages == [
+        [RemoteFile(url, shd._firmware_cache_path(key), allow_stale=False)]
+    ]
+
+
+def test_prefetch_skips_no_update(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    entries = [
+        {"firmware": {"version": "51.6"}},
+        {"firmware": "51.6"},
+        {"firmware": {"version": "0.0", "update": True}},
+        {},
+    ]
+    assert list(shd.PREFETCH_FILES(entries)) == [[]]
+
+
+def test_get_firmware_rejects_corrupted_cache(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """A cached blob failing its hash check is discarded and re-downloaded."""
+    good = b"good firmware"
+    expected = _sha(good)
+    path = shd._firmware_cache_path(expected)
+    path.write_bytes(b"corrupted blob")
+
+    with patch(
+        "esphome.components.shelly_dimmer.light.external_files.download_content",
+        return_value=good,
+    ) as mock_download:
+        result = shd.get_firmware(
+            {
+                "update": True,
+                "url": "https://example.com/fw.bin",
+                "sha256": expected,
+            }
+        )
+
+    mock_download.assert_called_once()
+    assert result == [int(b) for b in good]
+
+
+def test_get_firmware_trusts_valid_cache(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """A cached blob passing its hash check is used with zero network."""
+    good = b"good firmware"
+    expected = _sha(good)
+    shd._firmware_cache_path(expected).write_bytes(good)
+
+    with patch(
+        "esphome.components.shelly_dimmer.light.external_files.download_content"
+    ) as mock_download:
+        result = shd.get_firmware(
+            {
+                "update": True,
+                "url": "https://example.com/fw.bin",
+                "sha256": expected,
+            }
+        )
+
+    mock_download.assert_not_called()
+    assert result == [int(b) for b in good]
+
+
+def test_get_firmware_hash_mismatch_raises_and_uncaches(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """A fresh download failing its hash check raises and is not cached."""
+    expected = _sha(b"expected firmware")
+    path = shd._firmware_cache_path(expected)
+
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "esphome.components.shelly_dimmer.light.external_files.download_content",
+            return_value=b"wrong firmware",
+        ),
+        pytest.raises(Invalid, match="Hash mismatch"),
+    ):
+        shd.get_firmware(
+            {"update": True, "url": "https://example.com/fw.bin", "sha256": expected}
+        )
+
+    assert not path.exists()
+
+
+def test_get_firmware_without_sha_rejects_stale(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """The unverifiable no-hash branch must not accept a stale copy."""
+    with patch(
+        "esphome.components.shelly_dimmer.light.external_files.download_content",
+        return_value=b"fw",
+    ) as mock_download:
+        shd.get_firmware({"update": True, "url": "https://example.com/fw.bin"})
+
+    assert mock_download.call_args.kwargs["allow_stale"] is False
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/test_esp32_rmt_led_strip.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/test_esp32_rmt_led_strip.py
deleted file mode 100644
index e2cb513e3b..0000000000
--- a/tests/unit_tests/components/test_esp32_rmt_led_strip.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-import pytest
-
-from esphome.components.esp32_rmt_led_strip.light import (
-    CONF_IS_WRGB,
-    CONF_RGBW_ORDER,
-    _split_rgbw_order,
-    _validate_rgbw_order,
-    _validate_rgbw_order_exclusivity,
-)
-import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_IS_RGBW
-
-
-def test_validate_rgbw_order() -> None:
-    assert _validate_rgbw_order("rwgb") == "RWGB"
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("rgbw_order", ["RGB", "RRGB", "RGBWW"])
-def test_validate_rgbw_order_rejects_invalid_order(rgbw_order: str) -> None:
-    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="permutation of RGBW"):
-        _validate_rgbw_order(rgbw_order)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    ("rgbw_order", "expected"),
-    [
-        ("WRGB", ("RGB", 0)),
-        ("RWGB", ("RGB", 1)),
-        ("GWRB", ("GRB", 1)),
-        ("RGBW", ("RGB", 3)),
-    ],
-)
-def test_split_rgbw_order(rgbw_order: str, expected: tuple[str, int]) -> None:
-    assert _split_rgbw_order(rgbw_order) == expected
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("conflict", [CONF_IS_RGBW, CONF_IS_WRGB])
-def test_rgbw_order_is_mutually_exclusive(conflict: str) -> None:
-    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="cannot be used with"):
-        _validate_rgbw_order_exclusivity(
-            {
-                CONF_RGBW_ORDER: "RGBW",
-                CONF_IS_RGBW: conflict == CONF_IS_RGBW,
-                CONF_IS_WRGB: conflict == CONF_IS_WRGB,
-            }
-        )
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("legacy_option", [CONF_IS_RGBW, CONF_IS_WRGB])
-def test_rgbw_order_allows_disabled_legacy_options(legacy_option: str) -> None:
-    config = {
-        CONF_RGBW_ORDER: "RGBW",
-        CONF_IS_RGBW: False,
-        CONF_IS_WRGB: False,
-    }
-    config[legacy_option] = False
-    assert _validate_rgbw_order_exclusivity(config) is config
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/test_rp2.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/test_rp2.py
index 023d926dc4..cd92bc24fa 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/components/test_rp2.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/components/test_rp2.py
@@ -13,25 +13,24 @@ itself (Python imports, YAML key rename, deprecation warning) is covered
 by the framework tests under ``tests/unit_tests/``.
 """
 
+from pathlib import Path
+import re
+
+from esphome.components import rp2
+
 
 def test_board_id_has_wifi_for_known_wifi_board() -> None:
     """``rpipicow`` is the canonical Pico W → True."""
-    from esphome.components import rp2
-
     assert rp2.board_id_has_wifi("rpipicow") is True
 
 
 def test_board_id_has_wifi_for_known_non_wifi_board() -> None:
     """Plain ``rpipico`` has no CYW43 → False."""
-    from esphome.components import rp2
-
     assert rp2.board_id_has_wifi("rpipico") is False
 
 
 def test_board_id_has_wifi_for_rp2350_w_variant() -> None:
     """``rpipico2w`` is the RP2350 Pico 2 W → True."""
-    from esphome.components import rp2
-
     assert rp2.board_id_has_wifi("rpipico2w") is True
 
 
@@ -43,8 +42,6 @@ def test_board_id_has_wifi_for_unknown_board_returns_true() -> None:
     block and any genuinely-unsupported config trips the existing
     "no CYW43" guard at compile time.
     """
-    from esphome.components import rp2
-
     assert rp2.board_id_has_wifi("not-a-real-board-id") is True
 
 
@@ -55,8 +52,6 @@ def test_rp2_declares_rp2040_as_alias() -> None:
     opts in via ``ALIASES``; without this declaration the rename
     framework wouldn't route legacy configs.
     """
-    from esphome.components import rp2
-
     assert "rp2040" in rp2.ALIASES
     assert rp2.ALIAS_REMOVAL_VERSION == "2027.7.0"
 
@@ -93,3 +88,95 @@ def test_rp2040_submodule_imports_resolve_to_rp2_submodules() -> None:
 
     assert rp2040_boards is rp2_boards
     assert rp2040_generate is rp2_generate
+
+
+def test_lwip_segment_pool_exceeds_per_pcb_queue() -> None:
+    """The segment pool is global while the send queue is per-PCB.
+
+    lwIP's sanity check only requires ``MEMP_NUM_TCP_SEG >= TCP_SND_QUEUELEN``,
+    which is the floor for a *single* connection: at equality one busy PCB can
+    drain the pool for every other PCB. Dropping back to that floor would
+    rebuild the starvation this sizing exists to prevent, and nothing in the
+    build would complain.
+    """
+    assert rp2.LWIP_MEMP_NUM_TCP_SEG >= 2 * rp2.LWIP_TCP_SND_QUEUELEN
+
+
+def test_lwip_mem_size_keeps_mem_size_t_narrow() -> None:
+    """``lwip/mem.h`` widens ``mem_size_t`` to ``u32_t`` on
+    ``MEM_SIZE > 64000L``, growing the header on every heap block. Raising the
+    heap past that bound is a real option, but it should be a deliberate one
+    rather than a side effect of tuning.
+    """
+    assert rp2.LWIP_MEM_SIZE <= 64000
+
+
+def test_lwip_mem_size_holds_the_concurrent_senders_it_claims() -> None:
+    """Pin the floor as well as the ceiling.
+
+    The ceiling above is satisfied by arduino-pico's own 16 KB, which is the
+    value this change exists to move off, so on its own it would let a revert
+    through. Derive the floor from the sizing comment on the constant: with
+    TCP_OVERSIZE at TCP_MSS every queued segment takes a full MSS-sized block
+    (pbuf header + PBUF_TRANSPORT offset + 1460 + heap block header, ~1.5 KB),
+    a PCB at a full 4xMSS TCP_SND_BUF holds four of them, and api's
+    max_connections on rp2 is 4. Room for three concurrent senders is the
+    minimum that makes the change worth making; 16 KB does not reach it.
+    """
+    segments_per_full_send_buf = 4
+    bytes_per_mss_block = 1536
+    concurrent_senders = 3
+
+    assert (
+        concurrent_senders * segments_per_full_send_buf * bytes_per_mss_block
+        <= rp2.LWIP_MEM_SIZE
+    )
+
+
+def test_lwip_defines_carry_the_sizing_into_the_header() -> None:
+    """The constants above only matter if they reach the generated header.
+
+    ``build_lwip_defines()`` is what feeds lwipopts.h.jinja, so assert on it
+    rather than on the constants alone: dropping a key here would silently
+    fall back to arduino-pico's own value while every other assertion in this
+    file stayed green.
+    """
+    defines = rp2.build_lwip_defines(tcp_sockets=8, udp_sockets=6, listening_tcp=2)
+
+    assert defines["MEM_SIZE"] == str(rp2.LWIP_MEM_SIZE)
+    assert defines["MEMP_NUM_TCP_SEG"] == str(rp2.LWIP_MEMP_NUM_TCP_SEG)
+    assert defines["TCP_SND_QUEUELEN"] == str(rp2.LWIP_TCP_SND_QUEUELEN)
+    # Socket-derived counts pass through untouched.
+    assert defines["MEMP_NUM_TCP_PCB"] == "8"
+    assert defines["MEMP_NUM_UDP_PCB"] == "6"
+    assert defines["MEMP_NUM_TCP_PCB_LISTEN"] == "2"
+
+
+def test_lwipopts_template_renders_every_sizing_value() -> None:
+    """Render the template the way _generate_lwipopts_h() does and check the
+    header that actually ships.
+
+    Covers both directions. A ``#define`` block deleted from the template
+    leaves the value at arduino-pico's own, which for MEM_SIZE is the 16 KB
+    heap this change exists to move off, and the loop below catches that. A
+    placeholder with no dict key would otherwise render empty and emit a bare
+    ``#define FOO``; StrictUndefined turns that into an error instead.
+    Matching on text also survives a filter or conditional appearing in the
+    template later, which a placeholder regex would not.
+    """
+    from jinja2 import Environment, StrictUndefined
+
+    defines = rp2.build_lwip_defines(tcp_sockets=8, udp_sockets=6, listening_tcp=2)
+    template_text = (Path(rp2.__file__).parent / "lwipopts.h.jinja").read_text(
+        encoding="utf-8"
+    )
+    rendered = (
+        Environment(keep_trailing_newline=True, undefined=StrictUndefined)
+        .from_string(template_text)
+        .render(**defines)
+    )
+
+    for name, value in defines.items():
+        assert re.search(
+            rf"^#define {re.escape(name)} +{re.escape(value)}$", rendered, re.MULTILINE
+        ), f"{name} did not reach the generated header as {value!r}"
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/test_rp2_generate_boards.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/test_rp2_generate_boards.py
index c5d2214695..329248488c 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/components/test_rp2_generate_boards.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/components/test_rp2_generate_boards.py
@@ -8,7 +8,11 @@ import textwrap
 
 import pytest
 
-from esphome.components.rp2.generate_boards import load_boards, parse_variant_pins
+from esphome.components.rp2.generate_boards import (
+    generate,
+    load_boards,
+    parse_variant_pins,
+)
 
 PICO_PINS_HEADER = textwrap.dedent("""\
     #pragma once
@@ -151,6 +155,8 @@ def test_load_basic_board(arduino_pico: Path) -> None:
     assert boards["rpipico"]["name"] == "Raspberry Pi Pico"
     assert boards["rpipico"]["mcu"] == "rp2040"
     assert boards["rpipico"]["max_pin"] == 29
+    # The die key only applies to the RP2350, which ships as more than one die
+    assert "die" not in boards["rpipico"]
 
     assert "rpipico" in board_pins
     assert board_pins["rpipico"]["LED"] == 25
@@ -172,6 +178,7 @@ def test_load_rp2350_board(arduino_pico: Path) -> None:
 
     assert boards["rpipico2"]["mcu"] == "rp2350"
     assert boards["rpipico2"]["max_pin"] == 29
+    assert boards["rpipico2"]["die"] == "A"
 
 
 def test_rp2350_missing_die_define_raises(arduino_pico: Path) -> None:
@@ -200,6 +207,35 @@ def test_rp2350_unrecognized_die_define_raises(arduino_pico: Path) -> None:
         load_boards(arduino_pico)
 
 
+def test_rp2350_unknown_die_define_raises(arduino_pico: Path) -> None:
+    """A third die breaks the "not A means B" reading, so stop rather than guess."""
+    _add_board(
+        arduino_pico,
+        "future_die",
+        mcu="rp2350",
+        pins_header="#define PICO_RP2350A 0\n#define PICO_RP2350C 1\n"
+        + PICO_PINS_HEADER,
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="found a PICO_RP2350C define"):
+        load_boards(arduino_pico)
+
+
+def test_rp2350_silicon_revision_define_ignored(arduino_pico: Path) -> None:
+    """PICO_RP2350_A2_SUPPORTED is a silicon revision, not a die letter."""
+    _add_board(
+        arduino_pico,
+        "revision_define",
+        mcu="rp2350",
+        pins_header="#define PICO_RP2350A 1\n#define PICO_RP2350_A2_SUPPORTED 1\n"
+        + PICO_PINS_HEADER,
+    )
+
+    _, boards = load_boards(arduino_pico)
+
+    assert boards["revision_define"]["die"] == "A"
+
+
 def test_rp2350a_parenthesized_die_define(arduino_pico: Path) -> None:
     """Literal forms like (1u) classify the same as bare 1."""
     _add_board(
@@ -212,6 +248,7 @@ def test_rp2350a_parenthesized_die_define(arduino_pico: Path) -> None:
     _, boards = load_boards(arduino_pico)
 
     assert boards["paren_die"]["max_pin"] == 29
+    assert boards["paren_die"]["die"] == "A"
 
 
 def test_rp2350b_board_keeps_max_pin_47(arduino_pico: Path) -> None:
@@ -229,10 +266,15 @@ def test_rp2350b_board_keeps_max_pin_47(arduino_pico: Path) -> None:
     _, boards = load_boards(arduino_pico)
 
     assert boards["weact_rp2350b"]["max_pin"] == 47
+    assert boards["weact_rp2350b"]["die"] == "B"
 
 
 def test_rp2350_menu_selectable_die_keeps_max_pin_47(arduino_pico: Path) -> None:
-    """Generic boards leave the die a build-time choice; stay permissive."""
+    """Generic boards leave the die a build-time choice; stay permissive.
+
+    The permissive range is a fallback, so the die must be recorded as unknown
+    rather than as the B die.
+    """
     _add_board(
         arduino_pico,
         "generic_rp2350",
@@ -243,6 +285,43 @@ def test_rp2350_menu_selectable_die_keeps_max_pin_47(arduino_pico: Path) -> None
     _, boards = load_boards(arduino_pico)
 
     assert boards["generic_rp2350"]["max_pin"] == 47
+    assert boards["generic_rp2350"]["die"] is None
+
+
+def test_generated_output_records_die(arduino_pico: Path) -> None:
+    """The rendered boards.py carries the die on every RP2350 entry."""
+    _add_board(
+        arduino_pico,
+        "rpipico",
+        pins_header=PICO_PINS_HEADER,
+    )
+    _add_board(
+        arduino_pico,
+        "a_die",
+        mcu="rp2350",
+        pins_header="#define PICO_RP2350A 1\n" + PICO_PINS_HEADER,
+    )
+    _add_board(
+        arduino_pico,
+        "b_die",
+        mcu="rp2350",
+        pins_header="#define PICO_RP2350A 0\n" + PICO_PINS_HEADER,
+    )
+    _add_board(
+        arduino_pico,
+        "menu_die",
+        mcu="rp2350",
+        pins_header="#define PICO_RP2350A __PICO_RP2350A\n" + PICO_PINS_HEADER,
+    )
+
+    namespace: dict = {}
+    exec(compile(generate(arduino_pico), "boards.py", "exec"), namespace)
+
+    boards = namespace["BOARDS"]
+    assert boards["a_die"]["die"] == "A"
+    assert boards["b_die"]["die"] == "B"
+    assert boards["menu_die"]["die"] is None
+    assert "die" not in boards["rpipico"]
 
 
 def test_rp2350a_pins_above_29_filtered(arduino_pico: Path) -> None:
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/conftest.py b/tests/unit_tests/conftest.py
index 13450b10f0..9de8f715ef 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/conftest.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ not be part of a unit test suite.
 """
 
 from collections.abc import Generator
+import os
 from pathlib import Path
 import sys
 from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
@@ -40,6 +41,19 @@ def fixture_path() -> Path:
     return here / "fixtures"
 
 
+@pytest.fixture
+def probe_env() -> dict[str, str]:
+    """Environment for running fixture probe scripts as subprocesses.
+
+    Running a script file drops the cwd from sys.path, so prepend the
+    repo root for the child.
+    """
+    python_path = str(package_root)
+    if ambient := os.environ.get("PYTHONPATH"):
+        python_path = os.pathsep.join((python_path, ambient))
+    return os.environ | {"PYTHONPATH": python_path}
+
+
 @pytest.fixture
 def setup_core(tmp_path: Path) -> Path:
     """Set up CORE with test paths."""
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/core/test_config.py b/tests/unit_tests/core/test_config.py
index e09edd7f26..8ab3ad5d15 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/core/test_config.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/core/test_config.py
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 from collections.abc import Callable
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
-import types
 from typing import Any
 from unittest.mock import MagicMock, Mock, patch
 
@@ -705,33 +704,6 @@ def test_include_file_with_c_header(
         assert '#include "c_library.h"' in mock_raw_statement.text
 
 
-def test_get_usable_cpu_count() -> None:
-    """Test get_usable_cpu_count returns CPU count."""
-    count = config.get_usable_cpu_count()
-    assert isinstance(count, int)
-    assert count > 0
-
-
-def test_get_usable_cpu_count_with_process_cpu_count() -> None:
-    """Test get_usable_cpu_count uses process_cpu_count when available."""
-    # Test with process_cpu_count (Python 3.13+)
-    # Create a mock os module with process_cpu_count
-
-    mock_os = types.SimpleNamespace(process_cpu_count=lambda: 8, cpu_count=lambda: 4)
-
-    with patch("esphome.core.config.os", mock_os):
-        # When process_cpu_count exists, it should be used
-        count = config.get_usable_cpu_count()
-        assert count == 8
-
-    # Test fallback to cpu_count when process_cpu_count not available
-    mock_os_no_process = types.SimpleNamespace(cpu_count=lambda: 4)
-
-    with patch("esphome.core.config.os", mock_os_no_process):
-        count = config.get_usable_cpu_count()
-        assert count == 4
-
-
 def test_list_target_platforms(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     """Test _list_target_platforms returns available platforms."""
     # Create mock components directory structure
@@ -1155,6 +1127,34 @@ def test_config_hash_same_for_different_config_dirs(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     assert hash1 == hash2
 
 
+def test_config_hash_same_for_different_data_dirs(
+    tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
+    """Test that downloaded file paths hash the same wherever data_dir lives."""
+    config_dir = tmp_path / "config"
+    config_dir.mkdir()
+
+    CORE.reset()
+    CORE.config_path = config_dir / "device.yaml"
+    CORE.config = {
+        "esphome": {"name": "test"},
+        "file": config_dir / ".esphome" / "image" / "c44630d6",
+    }
+    hash1 = CORE.config_hash
+
+    other_data_dir = tmp_path / "data"
+    CORE.reset()
+    monkeypatch.setenv("ESPHOME_DATA_DIR", str(other_data_dir))
+    CORE.config_path = config_dir / "device.yaml"
+    CORE.config = {
+        "esphome": {"name": "test"},
+        "file": other_data_dir / "image" / "c44630d6",
+    }
+    hash2 = CORE.config_hash
+
+    assert hash1 == hash2
+
+
 def test_make_app_name_cpp_no_mac_simple() -> None:
     """Test simple name without MAC suffix returns string literal."""
     cpp_expr, global_decl, byte_len = make_app_name_cpp(
@@ -1285,6 +1285,7 @@ async def test_add_platformio_options_native_idf(
     await config._add_platformio_options(
         {
             "build_flags": "-DSINGLE_FLAG",  # string and list forms both valid
+            "build_unflags": ["-Os"],
             "lib_deps": ["bblanchon/ArduinoJson@7.4.2"],
             "lib_ignore": "libsodium",
             "upload_speed": "115200",
@@ -1294,6 +1295,7 @@ async def test_add_platformio_options_native_idf(
 
     assert "-DSINGLE_FLAG" in CORE.build_flags
     assert "ArduinoJson" in CORE.platformio_libraries
+    assert "-Os" in CORE.build_unflags
     # lib_ignore is stored (listified) for generate_idf_components to read;
     # nothing else lands in platformio_options on the native toolchain.
     assert CORE.platformio_options == {"lib_ignore": ["libsodium"]}
@@ -1389,3 +1391,50 @@ def test_esphome_build_internals_are_yaml_only() -> None:
         assert markers[field].visibility is cv.Visibility.ADVANCED, field
     # A regular device-config field stays on the main form.
     assert markers[CONF_NAME_ADD_MAC_SUFFIX].visibility is None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_add_platformio_options_native_arduino(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """The native ESP8266 Arduino toolchain honors board_build.f_cpu (a
+    real-world overclock knob) and warns about the rest like native IDF."""
+    CORE.toolchain = Toolchain.ARDUINO
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {
+        KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: "esp8266",
+        KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK: "arduino",
+    }
+
+    await config._add_platformio_options(
+        {
+            "board_build.f_cpu": "160000000L",
+            # The schema also permits the list form; the last value wins
+            # and reaches the generator as a scalar
+            "board_build.ldscript": ["eagle.flash.2m.ld", "eagle.flash.4m2m.ld"],
+            "board_build.filesystem": "littlefs",
+            "upload_speed": "115200",
+        }
+    )
+
+    assert CORE.platformio_options["board_build.f_cpu"] == "160000000L"
+    assert CORE.platformio_options["board_build.ldscript"] == "eagle.flash.4m2m.ld"
+    assert "board_build.f_cpu is ignored" not in caplog.text
+    assert "board_build.ldscript is ignored" not in caplog.text
+    assert (
+        "esphome->platformio_options->board_build.filesystem is ignored" in caplog.text
+    )
+    # An empty list for an honored key is not a scalar; it falls through
+    # to the ignored-option warning instead of an IndexError
+    await config._add_platformio_options({"board_build.ldscript": []})
+    assert "board_build.ldscript is ignored" in caplog.text
+    assert "'arduino' toolchain" in caplog.text
+    assert "upload_speed" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_esp8266_rejects_unsupported_cli_toolchain() -> None:
+    """Until the native backend lands, ESP8266 serves only PlatformIO."""
+    from esphome.components.esp8266 import CONFIG_SCHEMA
+
+    CORE.toolchain = Toolchain.ARDUINO
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="Unsupported toolchain 'arduino'"):
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA({"board": "nodemcuv2"})
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/core/test_entity_helpers.py b/tests/unit_tests/core/test_entity_helpers.py
index 64400c4fd4..53035ad713 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/core/test_entity_helpers.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/core/test_entity_helpers.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-"""Tests for entity helpers: name selection, entity key hashing, duplicate checks."""
+"""Test get_base_entity_object_id function matches C++ behavior."""
 
 from collections.abc import Callable, Generator
 from pathlib import Path
@@ -25,17 +25,16 @@ from esphome.core.entity_helpers import (
     _setup_entity_impl,
     entity_duplicate_validator,
     finalize_entity_strings,
-    get_base_entity_name,
+    get_base_entity_object_id,
     register_device_class,
     register_icon,
     register_unit_of_measurement,
     setup_device_class,
     setup_entity,
     setup_unit_of_measurement,
-    validate_no_object_id_conflicts,
 )
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
-from esphome.helpers import fnv1_hash_name, sanitize, snake_case
+from esphome.helpers import fnv1_hash, sanitize, snake_case
 
 from .common import load_config_from_fixture
 
@@ -58,26 +57,206 @@ def restore_core_state() -> Generator[None, None, None]:
     CORE.friendly_name = original_friendly_name
 
 
-def test_get_base_entity_name_priority_order() -> None:
+def test_with_entity_name() -> None:
+    """Test when entity has its own name - should use entity name."""
+    # Simple name
+    assert get_base_entity_object_id("Temperature Sensor", None) == "temperature_sensor"
+    assert (
+        get_base_entity_object_id("Temperature Sensor", "Device Name")
+        == "temperature_sensor"
+    )
+    # Even with device name, entity name takes precedence
+    assert (
+        get_base_entity_object_id("Temperature Sensor", "Device Name", "Sub Device")
+        == "temperature_sensor"
+    )
+
+    # Name with special characters
+    assert (
+        get_base_entity_object_id("Temp!@#$%^&*()Sensor", None)
+        == "temp__________sensor"
+    )
+    assert get_base_entity_object_id("Temp-Sensor_123", None) == "temp-sensor_123"
+
+    # Already snake_case
+    assert get_base_entity_object_id("temperature_sensor", None) == "temperature_sensor"
+
+    # Mixed case
+    assert get_base_entity_object_id("TemperatureSensor", None) == "temperaturesensor"
+    assert get_base_entity_object_id("TEMPERATURE SENSOR", None) == "temperature_sensor"
+
+
+def test_empty_name_with_device_name() -> None:
+    """Test when entity has empty name and is on a sub-device - should use device name."""
+    # C++ behavior: when has_own_name is false and device is set, uses device->get_name()
+    assert (
+        get_base_entity_object_id("", "Friendly Device", "Sub Device 1")
+        == "sub_device_1"
+    )
+    assert (
+        get_base_entity_object_id("", "Kitchen Controller", "controller_1")
+        == "controller_1"
+    )
+    assert get_base_entity_object_id("", None, "Test-Device_123") == "test-device_123"
+
+
+def test_empty_name_with_friendly_name() -> None:
+    """Test when entity has empty name and no device - should use friendly name."""
+    # C++ behavior: when has_own_name is false, uses App.get_friendly_name()
+    assert get_base_entity_object_id("", "Friendly Device") == "friendly_device"
+    assert get_base_entity_object_id("", "Kitchen Controller") == "kitchen_controller"
+    assert get_base_entity_object_id("", "Test-Device_123") == "test-device_123"
+
+    # Special characters in friendly name
+    assert get_base_entity_object_id("", "Device!@#$%") == "device_____"
+
+
+def test_empty_name_no_friendly_name() -> None:
+    """Test when entity has empty name and no friendly name - should use device name."""
+    # Test with CORE.name set
+    CORE.name = "device-name"
+    assert get_base_entity_object_id("", None) == "device-name"
+
+    CORE.name = "Test Device"
+    assert get_base_entity_object_id("", None) == "test_device"
+
+
+def test_edge_cases() -> None:
+    """Test edge cases."""
+    # Only spaces
+    assert get_base_entity_object_id("   ", None) == "___"
+
+    # Unicode characters (should be replaced)
+    assert get_base_entity_object_id("Température", None) == "temp_rature"
+    assert get_base_entity_object_id("测试", None) == "__"
+
+    # Empty string with empty friendly name (empty friendly name is treated as None)
+    # Falls back to CORE.name
+    CORE.name = "device"
+    assert get_base_entity_object_id("", "") == "device"
+
+    # Very long name (should work fine)
+    long_name = "a" * 100 + " " + "b" * 100
+    expected = "a" * 100 + "_" + "b" * 100
+    assert get_base_entity_object_id(long_name, None) == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("name", "expected"),
+    [
+        ("Temperature Sensor", "temperature_sensor"),
+        ("Living Room Light", "living_room_light"),
+        ("Test-Device_123", "test-device_123"),
+        ("Special!@#Chars", "special___chars"),
+        ("UPPERCASE NAME", "uppercase_name"),
+        ("lowercase name", "lowercase_name"),
+        ("Mixed Case Name", "mixed_case_name"),
+        ("   Spaces   ", "___spaces___"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_matches_cpp_helpers(name: str, expected: str) -> None:
+    """Test that the logic matches using snake_case and sanitize directly."""
+    # For non-empty names, verify our function produces same result as direct snake_case + sanitize
+    assert get_base_entity_object_id(name, None) == sanitize(snake_case(name))
+    assert get_base_entity_object_id(name, None) == expected
+
+
+def test_empty_name_fallback() -> None:
+    """Test empty name handling which falls back to friendly_name or CORE.name."""
+    # Empty name is handled specially - it doesn't just use sanitize(snake_case(""))
+    # Instead it falls back to friendly_name or CORE.name
+    assert sanitize(snake_case("")) == ""  # Direct conversion gives empty string
+    # But our function returns a fallback
+    CORE.name = "device"
+    assert get_base_entity_object_id("", None) == "device"  # Uses device name
+
+
+def test_name_add_mac_suffix_behavior() -> None:
+    """Test behavior related to name_add_mac_suffix.
+
+    In C++, an entity's object_id is computed from its name_ via
+    write_object_id_to() (sanitized snake_case). When an entity has no name,
+    configure_entity_() sets name_ from the friendly name, with the MAC suffix
+    appended when name_add_mac_suffix is enabled. Our function always returns
+    the same result since we're calculating the base for duplicate tracking.
+    """
+    # The function should always return the same result regardless of
+    # name_add_mac_suffix setting, as we're calculating the base object_id
+    assert get_base_entity_object_id("", "Test Device") == "test_device"
+    assert get_base_entity_object_id("Entity Name", "Test Device") == "entity_name"
+
+
+def test_priority_order() -> None:
     """Test the priority order: entity name > device name > friendly name > CORE.name."""
     CORE.name = "core-device"
 
-    # 1. Entity name has highest priority and is used as-is, no transformations
+    # 1. Entity name has highest priority
     assert (
-        get_base_entity_name("Entity Name", "Friendly Name", "Device Name")
-        == "Entity Name"
+        get_base_entity_object_id("Entity Name", "Friendly Name", "Device Name")
+        == "entity_name"
     )
-    assert get_base_entity_name("Température", None) == "Température"
 
     # 2. Device name is next priority (when entity name is empty)
-    assert get_base_entity_name("", "Friendly Name", "Device Name") == "Device Name"
+    assert (
+        get_base_entity_object_id("", "Friendly Name", "Device Name") == "device_name"
+    )
 
     # 3. Friendly name is next (when entity and device names are empty)
-    assert get_base_entity_name("", "Friendly Name", None) == "Friendly Name"
+    assert get_base_entity_object_id("", "Friendly Name", None) == "friendly_name"
 
-    # 4. CORE.name is last resort; an empty friendly name falls through to it
-    assert get_base_entity_name("", None, None) == "core-device"
-    assert get_base_entity_name("", "") == "core-device"
+    # 4. CORE.name is last resort
+    assert get_base_entity_object_id("", None, None) == "core-device"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("name", "friendly_name", "device_name", "expected"),
+    [
+        # name, friendly_name, device_name, expected
+        ("Living Room Light", None, None, "living_room_light"),
+        ("", "Kitchen Controller", None, "kitchen_controller"),
+        (
+            "",
+            "ESP32 Device",
+            "controller_1",
+            "controller_1",
+        ),  # Device name takes precedence
+        ("GPIO2 Button", None, None, "gpio2_button"),
+        ("WiFi Signal", "My Device", None, "wifi_signal"),
+        ("", None, "esp32_node", "esp32_node"),
+        ("Front Door Sensor", "Home Assistant", "door_controller", "front_door_sensor"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_real_world_examples(
+    name: str, friendly_name: str | None, device_name: str | None, expected: str
+) -> None:
+    """Test real-world entity naming scenarios."""
+    result = get_base_entity_object_id(name, friendly_name, device_name)
+    assert result == expected
+
+
+def test_issue_6953_scenarios() -> None:
+    """Test specific scenarios from issue #6953."""
+    # Scenario 1: Multiple empty names on main device with name_add_mac_suffix
+    # The Python code calculates the base, C++ might append MAC suffix dynamically
+    CORE.name = "device-name"
+    CORE.friendly_name = "Friendly Device"
+
+    # All empty names should resolve to same base
+    assert get_base_entity_object_id("", CORE.friendly_name) == "friendly_device"
+    assert get_base_entity_object_id("", CORE.friendly_name) == "friendly_device"
+    assert get_base_entity_object_id("", CORE.friendly_name) == "friendly_device"
+
+    # Scenario 2: Empty names on sub-devices
+    assert (
+        get_base_entity_object_id("", "Main Device", "controller_1") == "controller_1"
+    )
+    assert (
+        get_base_entity_object_id("", "Main Device", "controller_2") == "controller_2"
+    )
+
+    # Scenario 3: xyz duplicates
+    assert get_base_entity_object_id("xyz", None) == "xyz"
+    assert get_base_entity_object_id("xyz", "Device") == "xyz"
 
 
 # Tests for setup_entity function
@@ -336,10 +515,9 @@ def test_entity_duplicate_validator() -> None:
     config1 = {CONF_NAME: "Temperature"}
     validated1 = validator(config1)
     assert validated1 == config1
-    temperature_key = ("", "sensor", fnv1_hash_name("Temperature"))
-    assert temperature_key in CORE.unique_ids
+    assert ("", "sensor", fnv1_hash("temperature")) in CORE.unique_ids
     # Check metadata was stored
-    metadata = CORE.unique_ids[temperature_key]
+    metadata = CORE.unique_ids[("", "sensor", fnv1_hash("temperature"))]
     assert metadata["name"] == "Temperature"
     assert metadata["platform"] == "sensor"
 
@@ -347,9 +525,8 @@ def test_entity_duplicate_validator() -> None:
     config2 = {CONF_NAME: "Humidity"}
     validated2 = validator(config2)
     assert validated2 == config2
-    humidity_key = ("", "sensor", fnv1_hash_name("Humidity"))
-    assert humidity_key in CORE.unique_ids
-    metadata2 = CORE.unique_ids[humidity_key]
+    assert ("", "sensor", fnv1_hash("humidity")) in CORE.unique_ids
+    metadata2 = CORE.unique_ids[("", "sensor", fnv1_hash("humidity"))]
     assert metadata2["name"] == "Humidity"
 
     # Duplicate entity should fail
@@ -360,6 +537,34 @@ def test_entity_duplicate_validator() -> None:
         validator(config3)
 
 
+def test_entity_duplicate_validator_hash_collision() -> None:
+    """Test that two different object_ids with the same FNV-1 hash are rejected."""
+    # Brute-forced FNV-1 32-bit collision pair; both object_ids hash to 0xe95747e4
+    name_a = "Sensor aooxzi"
+    name_b = "Sensor baraia"
+    object_id_a = sanitize(snake_case(name_a))
+    object_id_b = sanitize(snake_case(name_b))
+    assert object_id_a != object_id_b
+    assert fnv1_hash(object_id_a) == fnv1_hash(object_id_b)
+
+    validator = entity_duplicate_validator("sensor")
+
+    config1 = {CONF_NAME: name_a}
+    validated1 = validator(config1)
+    assert validated1 == config1
+
+    config2 = {CONF_NAME: name_b}
+    with pytest.raises(
+        Invalid,
+        match=re.compile(
+            r"Duplicate sensor entity with name 'Sensor baraia' found.*"
+            r"produce the same entity key hash \(0xe95747e4\)",
+            re.DOTALL,
+        ),
+    ):
+        validator(config2)
+
+
 def test_entity_duplicate_validator_with_devices() -> None:
     """Test entity_duplicate_validator with devices."""
     # Create validator for sensor platform
@@ -370,19 +575,18 @@ def test_entity_duplicate_validator_with_devices() -> None:
     device2 = ID("device2", type="Device")
 
     # Same name on different devices should pass
-    name_hash = fnv1_hash_name("Temperature")
     config1 = {CONF_NAME: "Temperature", CONF_DEVICE_ID: device1}
     validated1 = validator(config1)
     assert validated1 == config1
-    assert ("device1", "sensor", name_hash) in CORE.unique_ids
-    metadata1 = CORE.unique_ids[("device1", "sensor", name_hash)]
+    assert ("device1", "sensor", fnv1_hash("temperature")) in CORE.unique_ids
+    metadata1 = CORE.unique_ids[("device1", "sensor", fnv1_hash("temperature"))]
     assert metadata1["device_id"] == "device1"
 
     config2 = {CONF_NAME: "Temperature", CONF_DEVICE_ID: device2}
     validated2 = validator(config2)
     assert validated2 == config2
-    assert ("device2", "sensor", name_hash) in CORE.unique_ids
-    metadata2 = CORE.unique_ids[("device2", "sensor", name_hash)]
+    assert ("device2", "sensor", fnv1_hash("temperature")) in CORE.unique_ids
+    metadata2 = CORE.unique_ids[("device2", "sensor", fnv1_hash("temperature"))]
     assert metadata2["device_id"] == "device2"
 
     # Duplicate on same device should fail
@@ -434,33 +638,6 @@ def test_entity_different_platforms_yaml_validation(
     assert result is not None
 
 
-def test_object_id_conflict_mqtt_yaml_validation(
-    yaml_file: Callable[[str], str], capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
-) -> None:
-    """Test that names sanitizing to the same object_id fail when mqtt is configured."""
-    result = load_config_from_fixture(
-        yaml_file, "object_id_conflict_mqtt.yaml", FIXTURES_DIR
-    )
-    assert result is None
-
-    captured = capsys.readouterr()
-    assert (
-        "mqtt builds default topics and discovery topics from the entity object_id"
-        in captured.out
-    )
-
-
-def test_object_id_conflict_without_mqtt_yaml_validation(
-    yaml_file: Callable[[str], str],
-) -> None:
-    """Test that names sanitizing to the same object_id pass without mqtt/prometheus."""
-    result = load_config_from_fixture(
-        yaml_file, "object_id_conflict_no_mqtt.yaml", FIXTURES_DIR
-    )
-    # This should succeed
-    assert result is not None
-
-
 def test_entity_duplicate_validator_error_message() -> None:
     """Test that duplicate entity error messages include helpful metadata."""
     # Create validator for sensor platform
@@ -519,8 +696,7 @@ def test_entity_duplicate_validator_internal_entities() -> None:
     validated1 = validator(config1)
     assert validated1 == config1
     # New format includes device_id (empty string for main device)
-    temperature_key = ("", "sensor", fnv1_hash_name("Temperature"))
-    assert temperature_key in CORE.unique_ids
+    assert ("", "sensor", fnv1_hash("temperature")) in CORE.unique_ids
 
     # Internal entity with same name should pass (not added to unique_ids)
     config2 = {CONF_NAME: "Temperature", CONF_INTERNAL: True}
@@ -528,7 +704,9 @@ def test_entity_duplicate_validator_internal_entities() -> None:
     assert validated2 == config2
     # Internal entity should not be added to unique_ids
     # Count how many times the key appears (should still be 1)
-    count = sum(1 for k in CORE.unique_ids if k == temperature_key)
+    count = sum(
+        1 for k in CORE.unique_ids if k == ("", "sensor", fnv1_hash("temperature"))
+    )
     assert count == 1
 
     # Another internal entity with same name should also pass
@@ -536,7 +714,9 @@ def test_entity_duplicate_validator_internal_entities() -> None:
     validated3 = validator(config3)
     assert validated3 == config3
     # Still only one entry in unique_ids (from the non-internal entity)
-    count = sum(1 for k in CORE.unique_ids if k == temperature_key)
+    count = sum(
+        1 for k in CORE.unique_ids if k == ("", "sensor", fnv1_hash("temperature"))
+    )
     assert count == 1
 
     # Non-internal entity with same name should fail
@@ -564,148 +744,30 @@ def test_empty_or_null_device_id_on_entity() -> None:
 
 
 def test_entity_duplicate_validator_non_ascii_names() -> None:
-    """Test that distinct non-ASCII names no longer collide.
-
-    These names used to be rejected because both sanitize to only underscores;
-    the entity key now hashes the raw name so they stay distinct.
-    """
+    """Test that non-ASCII names show helpful error messages."""
     # Create validator for binary_sensor platform
     validator = entity_duplicate_validator("binary_sensor")
 
-    # Both Russian sensors should pass even though they sanitize identically
+    # First Russian sensor should pass
     config1 = {CONF_NAME: "Датчик открытия основного крана"}
     validated1 = validator(config1)
     assert validated1 == config1
 
+    # Second Russian sensor with different text but same ASCII conversion should fail
     config2 = {CONF_NAME: "Датчик закрытия основного крана"}
-    validated2 = validator(config2)
-    assert validated2 == config2
-
-    # An exact duplicate still fails
-    config3 = {CONF_NAME: "Датчик открытия основного крана"}
-    with pytest.raises(
-        Invalid,
-        match=r"Duplicate binary_sensor entity with name 'Датчик открытия основного крана' found",
-    ):
-        validator(config3)
-
-
-def test_entity_duplicate_validator_hash_collision() -> None:
-    """Test that two different names with the same FNV-1 hash are rejected."""
-    # Brute-forced FNV-1 32-bit collision pair; both hash to 0x0ee5ff7b
-    name_a = "Sensor m2CZ"
-    name_b = "Sensor qCaa"
-    assert name_a != name_b
-    assert fnv1_hash_name(name_a) == fnv1_hash_name(name_b)
-
-    validator = entity_duplicate_validator("sensor")
-
-    config1 = {CONF_NAME: name_a}
-    validated1 = validator(config1)
-    assert validated1 == config1
-
-    config2 = {CONF_NAME: name_b}
     with pytest.raises(
         Invalid,
         match=re.compile(
-            rf"Duplicate sensor entity with name '{name_b}' found.*"
-            rf"The names '{name_b}' and '{name_a}' produce the.*"
-            r"same entity key hash \(0x0ee5ff7b\).*"
-            r"To fix: Rename one of the entities",
+            r"Duplicate binary_sensor entity with name 'Датчик закрытия основного крана' found.*"
+            r"Original names: 'Датчик закрытия основного крана' and 'Датчик открытия основного крана'.*"
+            r"Both convert to ASCII ID: '_______________________________'.*"
+            r"To fix: Add unique ASCII characters \(e\.g\., '1', '2', or 'A', 'B'\)",
             re.DOTALL,
         ),
     ):
         validator(config2)
 
 
-def test_object_id_conflicts_rejected_by_component_validator() -> None:
-    """Test that object_id conflicts pass entity validation but fail for mqtt/prometheus."""
-    validator = entity_duplicate_validator("sensor")
-
-    # Both names validate fine in general (distinct raw names, distinct keys)
-    validator({CONF_NAME: "Датчик открытия"})
-    validator({CONF_NAME: "Датчик закрытия"})
-
-    # A component that addresses entities by object_id must reject the config
-    component_validator = validate_no_object_id_conflicts(
-        "mqtt builds default topics from the entity object_id"
-    )
-    with pytest.raises(
-        Invalid,
-        match=re.compile(
-            r"mqtt builds default topics from the entity object_id.*"
-            r"sensor entities 'Датчик открытия', 'Датчик закрытия' "
-            r"share the object_id '_______________'.*"
-            r"To fix: Add unique ASCII characters",
-            re.DOTALL,
-        ),
-    ):
-        component_validator({})
-
-
-def test_object_id_conflicts_skipped_in_testing_mode() -> None:
-    """Test that testing_mode skips the conflict check, as used for grouped testing."""
-    validator = entity_duplicate_validator("sensor")
-    validator({CONF_NAME: "Датчик открытия"})
-    validator({CONF_NAME: "Датчик закрытия"})
-
-    component_validator = validate_no_object_id_conflicts(
-        "mqtt builds default topics from the entity object_id"
-    )
-    CORE.testing_mode = True
-    try:
-        config: dict = {}
-        assert component_validator(config) is config
-    finally:
-        CORE.testing_mode = False
-
-
-def test_object_id_conflicts_none_recorded() -> None:
-    """Test that distinct object_ids produce no conflicts."""
-    validator = entity_duplicate_validator("sensor")
-    validator({CONF_NAME: "Temperature"})
-    validator({CONF_NAME: "Humidity"})
-
-    component_validator = validate_no_object_id_conflicts(
-        "mqtt builds default topics from the entity object_id"
-    )
-    config: dict = {}
-    assert component_validator(config) is config
-
-
-def test_object_id_conflicts_device_scoped() -> None:
-    """Test that the object_id conflict check is scoped per device.
-
-    Same-named entities on different sub-devices were accepted before entity keys
-    moved to raw names, so the check keeps that scope; conflicts within one device
-    are still reported with the device named in the message.
-    """
-    validator = entity_duplicate_validator("sensor")
-    validator({CONF_NAME: "Temperature", CONF_DEVICE_ID: ID("device1", type="Device")})
-    validator({CONF_NAME: "Temperature", CONF_DEVICE_ID: ID("device2", type="Device")})
-
-    component_validator = validate_no_object_id_conflicts(
-        "prometheus builds metric labels from the entity object_id"
-    )
-    config: dict = {}
-    assert component_validator(config) is config
-
-    # Two names sanitizing identically on the same sub-device still conflict
-    validator(
-        {CONF_NAME: "Датчик открытия", CONF_DEVICE_ID: ID("device1", type="Device")}
-    )
-    validator(
-        {CONF_NAME: "Датчик закрытия", CONF_DEVICE_ID: ID("device1", type="Device")}
-    )
-    with pytest.raises(
-        Invalid,
-        match=re.compile(
-            r"prometheus builds metric labels.*on device 'device1'", re.DOTALL
-        ),
-    ):
-        component_validator({})
-
-
 def test_entity_duplicate_validator_same_name_no_enhanced_message() -> None:
     """Test that identical names don't show the enhanced message."""
     # Create validator for sensor platform
@@ -763,7 +825,7 @@ async def test_setup_entity_empty_name_with_device(
 
     # For empty-name entities, Python stores hash 0 - C++ calculates hash at runtime
     assert config.get("_entity_name") == ""
-    assert config.get("_entity_key") == 0
+    assert config.get("_entity_object_id_hash") == 0
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
@@ -792,7 +854,7 @@ async def test_setup_entity_empty_name_with_mac_suffix(
 
     # For empty-name entities, Python stores hash 0 - C++ calculates hash at runtime
     assert config.get("_entity_name") == ""
-    assert config.get("_entity_key") == 0
+    assert config.get("_entity_object_id_hash") == 0
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
@@ -822,7 +884,7 @@ async def test_setup_entity_empty_name_with_mac_suffix_no_friendly_name(
 
     # For empty-name entities, Python stores hash 0 - C++ calculates hash at runtime
     assert config.get("_entity_name") == ""
-    assert config.get("_entity_key") == 0
+    assert config.get("_entity_object_id_hash") == 0
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
@@ -853,7 +915,7 @@ async def test_setup_entity_empty_name_no_mac_suffix_no_friendly_name(
 
     # For empty-name entities, Python stores hash 0 - C++ calculates hash at runtime
     assert config.get("_entity_name") == ""
-    assert config.get("_entity_key") == 0
+    assert config.get("_entity_object_id_hash") == 0
 
 
 def test_register_string_overflow() -> None:
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/core/entity_helpers/object_id_conflict_mqtt.yaml b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/core/entity_helpers/object_id_conflict_mqtt.yaml
deleted file mode 100644
index 4a6f56f473..0000000000
--- a/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/core/entity_helpers/object_id_conflict_mqtt.yaml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-esphome:
-  name: test-object-id-conflict
-
-esp32:
-  board: esp32dev
-
-wifi:
-  ssid: MySSID
-  password: password1
-
-mqtt:
-  broker: test.mosquitto.org
-
-sensor:
-  # Distinct raw names are fine in general, but both sanitize to the same
-  # object_id, which MQTT still uses to build default topics - should fail
-  - platform: template
-    name: "Датчик открытия"
-    lambda: return 21.0;
-  - platform: template
-    name: "Датчик закрытия"
-    lambda: return 22.0;
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/core/entity_helpers/object_id_conflict_no_mqtt.yaml b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/core/entity_helpers/object_id_conflict_no_mqtt.yaml
deleted file mode 100644
index c0fbd5cbba..0000000000
--- a/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/core/entity_helpers/object_id_conflict_no_mqtt.yaml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-esphome:
-  name: test-object-id-ok
-
-esp32:
-  board: esp32dev
-
-sensor:
-  # Distinct raw names that sanitize to the same object_id are allowed when no
-  # component addresses entities by object_id (no mqtt or prometheus configured)
-  - platform: template
-    name: "Датчик открытия"
-    lambda: return 21.0;
-  - platform: template
-    name: "Датчик закрытия"
-    lambda: return 22.0;
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/espidf/closing_probe.py b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/espidf/closing_probe.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a77d5c8f28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/espidf/closing_probe.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+"""Leave a partial line behind and then close the stream under the runner.
+
+Run through ``esphome/espidf/runner.py`` by test_espidf_runner.py. Draining
+cannot work here; the point is that the failure is reported rather than
+raised out of the runner's cleanup, where it would bury the exit code.
+"""
+
+import sys
+
+sys.stdout.write("partial before close")
+sys.stdout.close()
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/espidf/crashing_probe.py b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/espidf/crashing_probe.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bf434cc24e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/espidf/crashing_probe.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+"""Die part way through a line, the way a build that blows up does.
+
+Run through ``esphome/espidf/runner.py`` by test_espidf_runner.py. The
+message has no trailing newline, so the runner's shim is holding it when
+the process exits; nothing else will ever come to release it.
+"""
+
+import sys
+
+sys.stdout.write("FATAL: ld returned 1 exit status")
+sys.exit(2)
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/espidf/filtering_probe.py b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/espidf/filtering_probe.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..04c2b2ed8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/espidf/filtering_probe.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+"""Write a mix of noisy and useful build lines, without flushing.
+
+Run through ``esphome/espidf/runner.py`` by test_espidf_runner.py. The
+runner's shim owns both the filtering and the flushing, so this script
+only writes.
+"""
+
+import sys
+
+sys.stdout.write("Project build complete.\n")
+sys.stdout.write("Compiling main.cpp\n")
+sys.stdout.write("-- Component paths: /a /b /c\n")
+sys.stdout.write("[2/9] Building C object\n")
+# No terminator, so the shim has to hold this one back.
+sys.stdout.write("still going")
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/espidf/formfeed_probe.py b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/espidf/formfeed_probe.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..727cda25ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/espidf/formfeed_probe.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+"""Write a form feed part way through the output.
+
+Run through ``esphome/espidf/runner.py`` by test_espidf_runner.py. A form
+feed is not a line terminator here, so everything written must still come
+out, including the complete lines that follow it.
+"""
+
+import sys
+
+sys.stdout.write("Compiling main.cpp\n")
+sys.stdout.write("page one\x0cpage two\n")
+sys.stdout.write("[2/9] Building C object\n")
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/espidf/partial_noise_probe.py b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/espidf/partial_noise_probe.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9c81f8eb7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/espidf/partial_noise_probe.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+"""End on an unterminated line that the filter is supposed to drop.
+
+Run through ``esphome/espidf/runner.py`` by test_espidf_runner.py, to
+check that releasing a held-back line still applies the filter.
+"""
+
+import sys
+
+sys.stdout.write("Compiling main.cpp\n")
+sys.stdout.write("Project build complete.")
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/espidf/streaming_probe.py b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/espidf/streaming_probe.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c05741e311
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/espidf/streaming_probe.py
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+"""Print one line, then stay alive so the caller can prove it streamed.
+
+Run through ``esphome/espidf/runner.py`` by test_espidf_runner.py. The
+runner wraps stdout in its filtering shim, so this script deliberately
+does not flush: the shim has to do it. The long sleep keeps the process
+running, so anything the caller reads must have arrived while the build
+was still going rather than at exit.
+"""
+
+import sys
+import time
+
+sys.stdout.write("Compiling main.cpp\n")
+time.sleep(60)
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/lazy_imports/_storage.py b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/lazy_imports/_storage.py
index 969528304b..94acd2e93a 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/lazy_imports/_storage.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/lazy_imports/_storage.py
@@ -1,10 +1,15 @@
 """Shared storage-sidecar factory for the lazy-import fixture scripts."""
 
+from pathlib import Path
+
 from esphome.storage_json import StorageJSON
 
 
 def make_storage() -> StorageJSON:
-    """A minimal post-compile esp32 sidecar the upload/logs fast path accepts."""
+    """A minimal post-compile esp32 sidecar the upload/logs fast path accepts.
+
+    build_path must be set: the fast path rejects sidecars without one.
+    """
     return StorageJSON(
         storage_version=1,
         name="test",
@@ -15,8 +20,8 @@ def make_storage() -> StorageJSON:
         address="1.2.3.4",
         web_port=None,
         target_platform="ESP32S3",
-        build_path=None,
-        firmware_bin_path=None,
+        build_path=Path("/build/test"),
+        firmware_bin_path=Path("/build/test/firmware.bin"),
         loaded_integrations=set(),
         loaded_platforms=set(),
         no_mdns=False,
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/lazy_imports/upload_command_fast_path.py b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/lazy_imports/upload_command_fast_path.py
index f0df08aa4e..f70a3f85ac 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/lazy_imports/upload_command_fast_path.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/lazy_imports/upload_command_fast_path.py
@@ -2,12 +2,13 @@
 
 Executed as a subprocess by test_lazy_imports.py: heavy module names come
 in on argv, the ones found in sys.modules afterwards go out on stdout.
-Covers both fast-path claims: the bundle suffix check in run_esphome reads
-BUNDLE_EXTENSION from esphome.const without importing esphome.bundle, and
-the real validated-config cache parse, include resolution included, stays
-voluptuous free.
+Covers three fast-path claims: the bundle suffix check in run_esphome reads
+BUNDLE_EXTENSION from esphome.const without importing esphome.bundle, the
+validated-config cache parse stays voluptuous free, and the JSON cache
+(lambda sentinel included) resolves without pyyaml or esphome.yaml_util.
 """
 
+import json
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
 import sys
@@ -16,7 +17,6 @@ from unittest.mock import patch
 
 from _leak_report import print_leaked_modules
 from _storage import make_storage
-import yaml
 
 # Everything imported past this point is the code under test; the pop
 # below must only drop what the setup itself preloaded, or it would
@@ -24,8 +24,10 @@ import yaml
 _FIXTURE_PRELOADED = frozenset(sys.modules)
 
 from esphome import __main__ as main_mod  # noqa: E402
+from esphome.const import __version__ as ESPHOME_VERSION  # noqa: E402
 
 CONFIG_TEXT = "esphome:\n  name: t\n"
+LAMBDA_BODY = 'ESP_LOGD("t", "x");'
 
 # An ambient data-dir override would relocate the storage tree away
 # from the tmp config dir this fixture builds.
@@ -39,13 +41,23 @@ with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as _td:
 
     storage_dir = tmp / ".esphome" / "storage"
     storage_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
-    # The cache is a top-level !include so loading it resolves an
-    # IncludeFile for real on the fast path. The sidecar is written to the
-    # layout ext_storage_path resolves once run_esphome sets
-    # CORE.config_path; going through CORE here would be circular.
-    (storage_dir / "inc.yaml").write_text(CONFIG_TEXT)
-    cache_path = storage_dir / "test.yaml.validated.yaml"
-    cache_path.write_text("!include inc.yaml\n")
+    # The cache carries a lambda sentinel so loading revives a real Lambda
+    # on the fast path. The sidecar is written to the layout
+    # ext_storage_path resolves once run_esphome sets CORE.config_path;
+    # going through CORE here would be circular.
+    cache_path = storage_dir / "test.yaml.validated.json"
+    cache_path.write_text(
+        json.dumps(
+            {
+                "v": 1,
+                "esphome": ESPHOME_VERSION,
+                "config": {
+                    "esphome": {"name": "t"},
+                    "script": [{"lambda": {"__esphome_lambda__": LAMBDA_BODY}}],
+                },
+            }
+        )
+    )
     os.utime(cache_path)  # keep the cache at least as fresh as the source
     make_storage().save(storage_dir / "test.yaml.json")
 
@@ -76,7 +88,13 @@ with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as _td:
     # asserts so PYTHONOPTIMIZE in the ambient environment can't strip them.
     if exit_code != 0:
         sys.exit(f"run_esphome exited {exit_code} before dispatching upload")
-    if dispatched.get("config") != yaml.safe_load(CONFIG_TEXT):
-        sys.exit(f"cache include did not resolve through the fast path: {dispatched!r}")
+    config = dispatched.get("config")
+    if config is None or config.get("esphome") != {"name": "t"}:
+        sys.exit(f"cache did not resolve through the fast path: {dispatched!r}")
+    from esphome.core import Lambda
+
+    revived = config["script"][0]["lambda"]
+    if not isinstance(revived, Lambda) or revived.value != LAMBDA_BODY:
+        sys.exit(f"lambda sentinel did not revive: {revived!r}")
 
     print_leaked_modules()
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/log/setup_log_probe.py b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/log/setup_log_probe.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b9e2e02a8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/log/setup_log_probe.py
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+"""Report whether setup_log() pulled in colorama, then print a colored line.
+
+Executed as a subprocess by test_log.py because module imports are
+process-global: the parent prints ``colorama_loaded=True/False`` plus an
+ANSI colored line so the caller can observe whether the codes survive to
+the stream. Pass ``--dashboard`` to simulate a dashboard-spawned run.
+"""
+
+import sys
+
+from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.log import setup_log
+
+if "--dashboard" in sys.argv:
+    CORE.dashboard = True
+
+setup_log()
+
+print(f"colorama_loaded={'colorama' in sys.modules}")
+print("\033[31mred\033[0m end")
+sys.stdout.flush()
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_api_client.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_api_client.py
index 19ed83abe1..405567d84f 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_api_client.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_api_client.py
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ async def test_async_run_logs_full_flow(caplog) -> None:
 
     with (
         patch.object(api_client, "async_run", mock_run),
-        patch.object(api_client, "APIClient") as mock_client,
+        patch.object(api_client, "APIClient", autospec=True) as mock_client,
         patch.object(api_client, "safe_print", printed.append),
     ):
         task = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_task(
@@ -163,3 +163,324 @@ async def test_async_run_logs_passes_deep_sleep(
         await api_client.async_run_logs(config, ["1.2.3.4"])
 
     assert mock_run.call_args.kwargs["deep_sleep"] is expected_deep_sleep
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_async_run_logs_mqtt_resolver_feeds_addresses(caplog) -> None:
+    """Addresses discovered via MQTT are fed into the running client."""
+    caplog.set_level("INFO", logger="esphome.api_client")
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: "esp32"}
+    config = {"esphome": {"name": "test"}, "api": {CONF_PORT: 6053}}
+
+    stop = AsyncMock()
+    fed = asyncio.Event()
+
+    def resolver(stop_event):
+        return ["10.0.0.9", "10.0.0.10"]
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(api_client, "async_run", AsyncMock(return_value=stop)),
+        patch.object(api_client, "APIClient", autospec=True) as mock_client,
+    ):
+        mock_client.return_value.add_addresses.side_effect = lambda addrs: (
+            fed.set() or True
+        )
+        task = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_task(
+            api_client.async_run_logs(config, ["1.2.3.4"], mqtt_resolver=resolver)
+        )
+        async with asyncio.timeout(1):
+            await fed.wait()
+        task.cancel()
+        with pytest.raises(asyncio.CancelledError):
+            await task
+
+    mock_client.return_value.add_addresses.assert_called_once_with(
+        ["10.0.0.9", "10.0.0.10"]
+    )
+    assert "Discovered address(es) via MQTT" in caplog.text
+    stop.assert_awaited_once()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_async_run_logs_mqtt_resolver_no_addresses_keeps_running() -> None:
+    """A resolver returning nothing (failed lookup) leaves the session running."""
+    import threading
+
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: "esp32"}
+    config = {"esphome": {"name": "test"}, "api": {CONF_PORT: 6053}}
+
+    stop = AsyncMock()
+    resolver_ran = threading.Event()
+
+    def resolver(stop_event):
+        # The resolver owns failure handling; a failed lookup returns []
+        resolver_ran.set()
+        return []
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(api_client, "async_run", AsyncMock(return_value=stop)),
+        patch.object(api_client, "APIClient", autospec=True) as mock_client,
+    ):
+        task = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_task(
+            api_client.async_run_logs(config, ["1.2.3.4"], mqtt_resolver=resolver)
+        )
+        await asyncio.to_thread(resolver_ran.wait, 1)
+        await asyncio.sleep(0)
+        assert not task.done()
+        task.cancel()
+        with pytest.raises(asyncio.CancelledError):
+            await task
+
+    mock_client.return_value.add_addresses.assert_not_called()
+    stop.assert_awaited_once()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_async_run_logs_mqtt_resolver_stopped_on_teardown() -> None:
+    """Teardown sets the resolver's stop event so the thread exits promptly."""
+    import threading
+
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: "esp32"}
+    config = {"esphome": {"name": "test"}, "api": {CONF_PORT: 6053}}
+
+    stop = AsyncMock()
+    captured_event: threading.Event | None = None
+    resolver_started = threading.Event()
+
+    def resolver(stop_event):
+        nonlocal captured_event
+        captured_event = stop_event
+        resolver_started.set()
+        # Simulate a slow broker lookup that only ends via the stop event.
+        stop_event.wait(timeout=5)
+        return []
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(api_client, "async_run", AsyncMock(return_value=stop)),
+        patch.object(api_client, "APIClient", autospec=True),
+    ):
+        task = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_task(
+            api_client.async_run_logs(config, ["1.2.3.4"], mqtt_resolver=resolver)
+        )
+        await asyncio.to_thread(resolver_started.wait, 1)
+        task.cancel()
+        with pytest.raises(asyncio.CancelledError):
+            await task
+
+    assert captured_event is not None
+    assert captured_event.is_set()
+    stop.assert_awaited_once()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_async_run_logs_mqtt_resolver_crash_still_stops_cleanly(caplog) -> None:
+    """A resolver raising unexpectedly must not skip stop() at teardown."""
+    import threading
+
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: "esp32"}
+    config = {"esphome": {"name": "test"}, "api": {CONF_PORT: 6053}}
+
+    stop = AsyncMock()
+    resolver_ran = threading.Event()
+
+    def resolver(stop_event):
+        resolver_ran.set()
+        raise RuntimeError("resolver blew up")
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(api_client, "async_run", AsyncMock(return_value=stop)),
+        patch.object(api_client, "APIClient", autospec=True),
+    ):
+        task = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_task(
+            api_client.async_run_logs(config, ["1.2.3.4"], mqtt_resolver=resolver)
+        )
+        await asyncio.to_thread(resolver_ran.wait, 1)
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.05)
+        assert not task.done()
+        task.cancel()
+        with pytest.raises(asyncio.CancelledError):
+            await task
+
+    assert "MQTT address discovery failed" in caplog.text
+    stop.assert_awaited_once()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_async_run_logs_connect_cancels_mqtt_discovery() -> None:
+    """A successful connection stops the in-flight broker lookup."""
+    import threading
+
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: "esp32"}
+    config = {"esphome": {"name": "test"}, "api": {CONF_PORT: 6053}}
+
+    stop = AsyncMock()
+    captured_event: threading.Event | None = None
+    resolver_started = threading.Event()
+
+    def resolver(stop_event):
+        nonlocal captured_event
+        captured_event = stop_event
+        resolver_started.set()
+        stop_event.wait(timeout=5)
+        return []
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(api_client, "async_run", AsyncMock(return_value=stop)) as mock_run,
+        patch.object(api_client, "APIClient", autospec=True) as mock_client,
+    ):
+        task = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_task(
+            api_client.async_run_logs(config, ["1.2.3.4"], mqtt_resolver=resolver)
+        )
+        await asyncio.to_thread(resolver_started.wait, 1)
+
+        # The runner reports a successful connection
+        on_connect = mock_run.call_args.kwargs["on_connect"]
+        on_connect()
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.05)
+
+        assert captured_event is not None
+        assert captured_event.is_set()
+        assert not task.done()
+        task.cancel()
+        with pytest.raises(asyncio.CancelledError):
+            await task
+
+    mock_client.return_value.add_addresses.assert_not_called()
+    stop.assert_awaited_once()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_async_run_logs_connect_before_discovery_skips_lookup() -> None:
+    """A connection during async_run startup prevents the lookup from starting."""
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: "esp32"}
+    config = {"esphome": {"name": "test"}, "api": {CONF_PORT: 6053}}
+
+    stop = AsyncMock()
+    resolver = Mock(name="resolver")
+
+    async def fake_async_run(*args, **kwargs):
+        # Connection succeeds before async_run even returns
+        kwargs["on_connect"]()
+        return stop
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(api_client, "async_run", AsyncMock(side_effect=fake_async_run)),
+        patch.object(api_client, "APIClient", autospec=True),
+    ):
+        task = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_task(
+            api_client.async_run_logs(config, ["1.2.3.4"], mqtt_resolver=resolver)
+        )
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.05)
+        assert not task.done()
+        task.cancel()
+        with pytest.raises(asyncio.CancelledError):
+            await task
+
+    resolver.assert_not_called()
+    stop.assert_awaited_once()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_async_run_logs_mqtt_resolver_duplicate_addresses_logged(caplog) -> None:
+    """A discovery the client rejects as already known leaves a debug trace."""
+    import threading
+
+    caplog.set_level("DEBUG", logger="esphome.api_client")
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: "esp32"}
+    config = {"esphome": {"name": "test"}, "api": {CONF_PORT: 6053}}
+
+    stop = AsyncMock()
+    fed = threading.Event()
+
+    def resolver(stop_event):
+        return ["1.2.3.4"]
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(api_client, "async_run", AsyncMock(return_value=stop)),
+        patch.object(api_client, "APIClient", autospec=True) as mock_client,
+    ):
+        mock_client.return_value.add_addresses.side_effect = lambda addrs: (
+            fed.set() or False
+        )
+        task = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_task(
+            api_client.async_run_logs(config, ["1.2.3.4"], mqtt_resolver=resolver)
+        )
+        await asyncio.to_thread(fed.wait, 1)
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.05)
+        task.cancel()
+        with pytest.raises(asyncio.CancelledError):
+            await task
+
+    mock_client.return_value.add_addresses.assert_called_once_with(["1.2.3.4"])
+    assert "MQTT-discovered address(es) already known: 1.2.3.4" in caplog.text
+    assert "Discovered address(es) via MQTT" not in caplog.text
+    stop.assert_awaited_once()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_async_run_logs_base_exception_escape_logged_at_teardown(caplog) -> None:
+    """A BaseException escaping the worker is reported, and stop() still runs."""
+    import threading
+
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: "esp32"}
+    config = {"esphome": {"name": "test"}, "api": {CONF_PORT: 6053}}
+
+    stop = AsyncMock()
+    resolver_ran = threading.Event()
+
+    class WorkerEscape(BaseException):
+        """Not an Exception, so the task-level guard must not catch it."""
+
+    def resolver(stop_event):
+        resolver_ran.set()
+        raise WorkerEscape("worker bailed")
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(api_client, "async_run", AsyncMock(return_value=stop)),
+        patch.object(api_client, "APIClient", autospec=True),
+    ):
+        task = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_task(
+            api_client.async_run_logs(config, ["1.2.3.4"], mqtt_resolver=resolver)
+        )
+        await asyncio.to_thread(resolver_ran.wait, 1)
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.05)
+        task.cancel()
+        with pytest.raises(asyncio.CancelledError):
+            await task
+
+    assert "MQTT address discovery failed" in caplog.text
+    stop.assert_awaited_once()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_async_run_logs_stubborn_worker_cancelled_at_teardown() -> None:
+    """A worker that ignores the stop event is cancelled after the grace period."""
+    import threading
+
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: "esp32"}
+    config = {"esphome": {"name": "test"}, "api": {CONF_PORT: 6053}}
+
+    stop = AsyncMock()
+    resolver_ran = threading.Event()
+    release = threading.Event()
+
+    def resolver(stop_event):
+        resolver_ran.set()
+        # Ignore stop_event entirely; only the test releases us
+        release.wait(timeout=10)
+        return []
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(api_client, "async_run", AsyncMock(return_value=stop)),
+        patch.object(api_client, "APIClient", autospec=True),
+    ):
+        task = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_task(
+            api_client.async_run_logs(config, ["1.2.3.4"], mqtt_resolver=resolver)
+        )
+        await asyncio.to_thread(resolver_ran.wait, 1)
+        task.cancel()
+        with pytest.raises(asyncio.CancelledError):
+            await task
+        release.set()
+
+    stop.assert_awaited_once()
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_arduino8266_framework.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_arduino8266_framework.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bd0a620e10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_arduino8266_framework.py
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+"""Tests for esphome.arduino8266.framework (downloads and environment)."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.arduino8266 import framework
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.core import CORE, EsphomeError
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def _build_path(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    CORE.build_path = tmp_path
+
+
+def test_framework_package_version() -> None:
+    assert framework.framework_package_version(cv.Version(3, 1, 2)) == "3.30102.0"
+    assert framework.framework_package_version(cv.Version(3, 2, 0)) == "3.30200.0"
+    # 2.6.3+ cores use the same package-major-3 encoding (PlatformIO path)
+    assert framework.framework_package_version(cv.Version(2, 7, 4)) == "3.20704.0"
+    # A future major bump needs its own encoding, not a doomed registry lookup
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="not supported yet"):
+        framework.framework_package_version(cv.Version(4, 0, 0))
+    # The boundary matches the PlatformIO era guard; a 2.6.2 pre-release
+    # keeps this encoding
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="older package encoding"):
+        framework.framework_package_version(cv.Version(2, 6, 2))
+    assert framework.framework_package_version(cv.Version(2, 6, 2, "b1")) == "3.20602.0"
+    assert framework.framework_package_version(cv.Version(2, 6, 3)) == "3.20603.0"
+
+
+def test_format_framework_arduino_version_pins_all_series() -> None:
+    """The esp8266 component's PIO source formatter across every encoding
+    era, including the 4.x rejection it now shares with the installer."""
+    from esphome.components.esp8266 import _format_framework_arduino_version as fmt
+
+    assert fmt(cv.Version(2, 4, 1)) == "~1.20401.0"
+    assert fmt(cv.Version(2, 6, 2)) == "~2.20602.0"
+    assert fmt(cv.Version(2, 7, 4)) == "~3.20704.0"
+    assert fmt(cv.Version(3, 1, 2)) == "~3.30102.0"
+    # Anchored to the framework version line, not a bare EsphomeError
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="not supported yet") as excinfo:
+        fmt(cv.Version(4, 0, 0))
+    assert excinfo.value.path == ["version"]
+
+
+def test_tools_path_default_and_prefix(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    with patch.dict(os.environ, {"ESPHOME_ARDUINO8266_PREFIX": str(tmp_path)}):
+        assert framework.get_arduino8266_tools_path() == tmp_path.resolve()
+    # A blank prefix must be treated as unset, not as the CWD
+    with patch.dict(os.environ, {"ESPHOME_ARDUINO8266_PREFIX": "  "}):
+        path = framework.get_arduino8266_tools_path()
+    assert path.name == "arduino8266"
+    assert path != Path.cwd()
+
+
+def test_check_and_install_returns_paths(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    with (
+        patch.dict(os.environ, {"ESPHOME_ARDUINO8266_PREFIX": str(tmp_path)}),
+        patch.object(framework, "install_package") as mock_install,
+        patch.object(framework, "prefetch_packages") as mock_prefetch,
+        patch.object(framework, "find_ninja", return_value=tmp_path / "ninja"),
+    ):
+        paths = framework.check_and_install(cv.Version(3, 1, 2))
+    assert paths.framework == tmp_path / "frameworks" / "3.30102.0"
+    assert paths.toolchain == tmp_path / "toolchains" / framework.TOOLCHAIN_VERSION
+    assert paths.ninja == tmp_path / "ninja"
+    assert mock_install.call_count == 2
+    # Full argument pinning: a copy-paste swap between the two near-identical
+    # calls (mirrors, destination) must not stay green
+    fw_call, tc_call = mock_install.call_args_list
+    assert fw_call.args == (
+        framework.FRAMEWORK_PACKAGE,
+        "3.30102.0",
+        tmp_path / "frameworks" / "3.30102.0",
+        framework.ESPHOME_ARDUINO8266_FRAMEWORK_MIRRORS,
+        tmp_path / "downloads",
+    )
+    assert fw_call.kwargs["expect"] == ("cores/esp8266", "tools/sdk", "libraries")
+    assert tc_call.args == (
+        framework.TOOLCHAIN_PACKAGE,
+        framework.TOOLCHAIN_VERSION,
+        tmp_path / "toolchains" / framework.TOOLCHAIN_VERSION,
+        framework.ESPHOME_ARDUINO8266_TOOLCHAIN_MIRRORS,
+        tmp_path / "downloads",
+    )
+    assert tc_call.kwargs["expect"] == ("bin", "xtensa-lx106-elf")
+    # The prefetch sees the same package specs as the installs
+    assert mock_prefetch.call_args.args == (
+        [
+            (
+                framework.FRAMEWORK_PACKAGE,
+                "3.30102.0",
+                tmp_path / "frameworks" / "3.30102.0",
+                framework.ESPHOME_ARDUINO8266_FRAMEWORK_MIRRORS,
+            ),
+            (
+                framework.TOOLCHAIN_PACKAGE,
+                framework.TOOLCHAIN_VERSION,
+                tmp_path / "toolchains" / framework.TOOLCHAIN_VERSION,
+                framework.ESPHOME_ARDUINO8266_TOOLCHAIN_MIRRORS,
+            ),
+        ],
+        tmp_path / "downloads",
+    )
+
+
+def test_get_build_env_prepends_toolchain_bin(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    with patch.object(framework, "ccache_env", return_value={"CCACHE_DIR": "x"}):
+        env = framework.get_build_env(tmp_path, None)
+    assert env["PATH"].startswith(str(tmp_path / "bin") + os.pathsep)
+    assert env["CCACHE_DIR"] == "x"
+
+
+def test_ccache_env(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    assert framework.ccache_env(None) == {}
+    with patch.dict(os.environ, {"CCACHE_NOHASHDIR": "false"}, clear=True):
+        env = framework.ccache_env("/usr/bin/ccache")
+    # User-set values are respected; the rest get defaults
+    assert "CCACHE_NOHASHDIR" not in env
+    assert env["CCACHE_DEPEND"] == "1"
+    assert env["CCACHE_BASEDIR"] == str(Path(CORE.build_path).resolve())
+    assert env["CCACHE_DIR"].endswith("ccache")
+
+
+def test_check_and_install_rejects_old_core(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Calling the installer below the floor fails before any download."""
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match=">= 3.1.1"):
+        framework.check_and_install(cv.Version(3, 0, 2))
+
+
+def test_get_build_env_without_path_has_no_empty_entry(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """An absent PATH must not leave a trailing separator (an empty entry
+    means the current directory to the shell)."""
+    with (
+        patch.dict(os.environ, {}, clear=True),
+        patch.object(framework, "ccache_env", return_value={}),
+    ):
+        env = framework.get_build_env(tmp_path, None)
+    assert env["PATH"] == str(tmp_path / "bin")
+    with (
+        patch.dict(
+            os.environ, {"PATH": f"/usr/bin{os.pathsep}{os.pathsep}/bin"}, clear=True
+        ),
+        patch.object(framework, "ccache_env", return_value={}),
+    ):
+        env = framework.get_build_env(tmp_path, None)
+    assert env["PATH"].split(os.pathsep) == [str(tmp_path / "bin"), "/usr/bin", "/bin"]
+
+
+def test_ccache_env_accepts_a_preresolved_path() -> None:
+    """The caller resolves ccache once and threads it through; None means
+    resolved-and-disabled."""
+    with patch.dict(os.environ, {}, clear=True):
+        assert framework.ccache_env(None) == {}
+        env = framework.ccache_env("/usr/bin/ccache")
+    assert env["CCACHE_DIR"].endswith("ccache")
+
+
+def test_toolchain_tool_layout(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """One owner for the bin/xtensa-lx106-elf-<name> layout."""
+    tool = framework.toolchain_tool(tmp_path, "addr2line")
+    assert tool.parent == tmp_path / "bin"
+    assert tool.name.startswith("xtensa-lx106-elf-addr2line")
+    assert (tool.suffix == ".exe") is (os.name == "nt")
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_arduino_library.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_arduino_library.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..87de28cf32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_arduino_library.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1162 @@
+"""Tests for esphome.arduino.library (Arduino-core library resolution)."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+import json
+import logging
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.arduino import library as component
+from esphome.const import KEY_CORE, KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM, PLATFORM_ESP8266
+from esphome.core import CORE, EsphomeError, Library
+import esphome.platformio.library as pio_library
+from esphome.platformio.library import (
+    ConvertedLibrary,
+    IncompatiblePlatform,
+    InvalidLibrary,
+    LibraryBackend,
+)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def _reset_libraries() -> None:
+    # conftest's reset_core fixture clears platformio_libraries after each test
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: PLATFORM_ESP8266}
+
+
+def _add_library(name: str, version: str | None, repository: str | None = None) -> None:
+    CORE.add_library(Library(name=name, version=version, repository=repository))
+
+
+def _make_framework(tmp_path: Path) -> Path:
+    framework = tmp_path / "framework"
+    lib = framework / "libraries" / "ESP8266WiFi" / "src"
+    lib.mkdir(parents=True)
+    (lib / "ESP8266WiFi.cpp").write_text("")
+    (lib / "ESP8266WiFi.h").write_text("")
+    (lib.parent / "library.properties").write_text("name=ESP8266WiFi\nversion=1.0\n")
+    root_lib = framework / "libraries" / "Wire"
+    root_lib.mkdir(parents=True)
+    (root_lib / "Wire.cpp").write_text("")
+    (root_lib / "examples").mkdir()
+    (root_lib / "examples" / "scan.ino").write_text("")
+    return framework
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def _emitting_converter(*converted):
+    """Patch convert_libraries to emit the given components via the backend."""
+
+    def fake_convert(libraries: list, backend: LibraryBackend) -> list:
+        assert backend.platform == "espressif8266"
+        assert backend.framework == "arduino"
+        assert backend.cache_key == "arduino8266"
+        for c in converted:
+            backend.emit(c)
+        return list(converted)
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(component, "convert_libraries", side_effect=fake_convert),
+        patch.object(component, "apply_extra_script") as mock_extra,
+    ):
+        yield mock_extra
+
+
+def _converted(name: str, source_dir: Path, data: dict) -> ConvertedLibrary:
+    converted = ConvertedLibrary(name, "1.0.0", source=None)
+    converted.path = source_dir
+    converted.data = data
+    return converted
+
+
+def _resolve(framework: Path) -> list[component.ArduinoLibrary]:
+    return component.resolve_libraries(
+        framework,
+        pio_platform="espressif8266",
+        board_mcu="esp8266",
+        cache_key="arduino8266",
+    )
+
+
+def _webserver(tmp_path: Path, data: dict) -> ConvertedLibrary:
+    """Register ESPAsyncWebServer and return its converted stand-in."""
+    _add_library("ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer", "3.9.6")
+    lib_dir = tmp_path / "converted" / "webserver"
+    (lib_dir / "src").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (lib_dir / "src" / "server.cpp").write_text("")
+    return _converted("esp32async__ESPAsyncWebServer", lib_dir, data)
+
+
+def _local_lib(tmp_path: Path, dependencies: dict | list) -> None:
+    """Register a local file:// library declaring the given dependencies."""
+    local_lib = tmp_path / "locallib"
+    (local_lib / "src").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (local_lib / "src" / "local.cpp").write_text("")
+    (local_lib / "library.json").write_text(
+        json.dumps(
+            {"name": "LocalLib", "version": "1.0.0", "dependencies": dependencies}
+        )
+    )
+    # as_uri() forms a valid file:// URL on every platform (file:///C:/...
+    # on Windows; a bare f-string would embed backslashes)
+    _add_library(local_lib.as_uri(), None)
+
+
+def _ws_tcp_pair(tmp_path: Path) -> tuple[ConvertedLibrary, ConvertedLibrary]:
+    """Build ESPAsyncWebServer (depending on ESPAsyncTCP) plus resolved TCP."""
+    ws_dir = tmp_path / "converted" / "webserver"
+    (ws_dir / "src").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (ws_dir / "src" / "server.cpp").write_text("")
+    tcp_dir = tmp_path / "converted" / "tcp"
+    (tcp_dir / "src").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (tcp_dir / "src" / "tcp.cpp").write_text("")
+    ws = _converted(
+        "esp32async__ESPAsyncWebServer",
+        ws_dir,
+        {"build": {}, "dependencies": [{"name": "ESPAsyncTCP"}]},
+    )
+    tcp = _converted("esp32async__ESPAsyncTCP", tcp_dir, {"build": {}})
+    return ws, tcp
+
+
+def test_library_info_src_layout(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    framework = _make_framework(tmp_path)
+    lib = component._bundled_library(framework, "ESP8266WiFi")
+    assert lib.name == "ESP8266WiFi"
+    assert [p.name for p in lib.sources] == ["ESP8266WiFi.cpp"]
+    assert lib.include_dirs == [(framework / "libraries/ESP8266WiFi/src").resolve()]
+
+
+def test_library_info_root_layout_excludes_examples(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    framework = _make_framework(tmp_path)
+    lib = component._bundled_library(framework, "Wire")
+    assert [p.name for p in lib.sources] == ["Wire.cpp"]
+    assert lib.include_dirs == [(framework / "libraries/Wire").resolve()]
+
+
+def test_library_info_flags_parsing(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    read_path = tmp_path / "lib"
+    (read_path / "src").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (read_path / "src" / "a.cpp").write_text("")
+    (read_path / "inc").mkdir()
+    (read_path / "blobs").mkdir()
+    data = {
+        "build": {
+            "flags": [
+                "-DFOO=1 -I inc",
+                "-lalgobsec",
+                "-fno-lto",
+                "-Wl,--wrap=malloc",
+                # Bare flags join their argument within one entry only, as
+                # ParseFlags lexes each entry independently
+                "-l m",
+                "-L blobs",
+            ],
+        }
+    }
+    lib = component._library_info("x", read_path, data)
+    assert lib.flags == ["-DFOO=1", "-fno-lto"]
+    assert lib.include_dirs == [
+        (read_path / "src").resolve(),
+        (read_path / "inc").resolve(),
+    ]
+    assert lib.link_dirs == [(read_path / "blobs").resolve()]
+    assert lib.link_libs == ["algobsec", "m"]
+    assert lib.link_flags == ["-Wl,--wrap=malloc"]
+
+
+def test_library_info_missing_link_dir_warns(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    read_path = tmp_path / "lib"
+    read_path.mkdir()
+    data = {"build": {"flags": ["-Lmissing_blobs"]}}
+    lib = component._library_info("x", read_path, data)
+    assert "declares library dir missing_blobs which does not exist" in caplog.text
+    # Kept anyway: the linker ignores missing -L dirs
+    assert lib.link_dirs == [(read_path / "missing_blobs").resolve()]
+
+
+def test_library_info_declared_filter_matches_nothing_warns(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    read_path = tmp_path / "lib"
+    (read_path / "src").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (read_path / "src" / "stub.cpp").write_text("")
+    data = {"build": {"srcFilter": ["+<nothing/*>"]}}
+    lib = component._library_info("x", read_path, data)
+    assert not lib.sources
+    assert "no source files matched" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_empty_converted_tree_raises_at_emit(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A converted tree with no sources and no headers is a broken download;
+    fail by name like the bundled case."""
+    framework = _make_framework(tmp_path)
+    _add_library("Some/Empty", "1.0.0")
+    lib_dir = tmp_path / "converted" / "empty"
+    (lib_dir / "src").mkdir(parents=True)
+    converted = _converted("some__Empty", lib_dir, {"build": {}})
+    with (
+        _emitting_converter(converted),
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="no sources or headers; the download"),
+    ):
+        _resolve(framework)
+
+
+def test_library_info_no_src_dir(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    read_path = tmp_path / "empty"
+    read_path.mkdir()
+    lib = component._library_info("x", read_path, {})
+    # With no manifest hints the source dir falls back to the library root
+    assert lib.sources == []
+    assert lib.include_dirs == [read_path.resolve()]
+
+
+def test_resolve_libraries_bundled(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    framework = _make_framework(tmp_path)
+    _add_library("ESP8266WiFi", None)
+    libs = _resolve(framework)
+    assert [lib.name for lib in libs] == ["ESP8266WiFi"]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("version", [None, "1.1.0"])
+def test_resolve_libraries_registry_name_is_external(
+    tmp_path: Path, version: str | None
+) -> None:
+    """A name that is not bundled reaches the converter, bare or pinned."""
+    framework = _make_framework(tmp_path)
+    _add_library("pngle", version)
+    with patch.object(component, "convert_libraries", return_value=[]) as mock_convert:
+        _resolve(framework)
+    (libraries, _backend), _ = mock_convert.call_args
+    assert [lib.name for lib in libraries] == ["pngle"]
+
+
+def test_resolve_libraries_external_and_bundled_deps(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    framework = _make_framework(tmp_path)
+    _add_library("ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer", "3.9.6")
+
+    lib_dir = tmp_path / "converted" / "webserver"
+    (lib_dir / "src").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (lib_dir / "src" / "server.cpp").write_text("")
+    converted = _converted(
+        "esp32async__ESPAsyncWebServer",
+        lib_dir,
+        {
+            "build": {},
+            "dependencies": [
+                # Version-less bundled dependency: resolved from the framework
+                {"name": "Wire", "platforms": "espressif8266"},
+                # Wrong platform: skipped
+                {"name": "ESP8266WiFi", "platforms": "espressif32"},
+                # Registry dependency with a version: handled by the converter
+                {"name": "ESPAsyncTCP", "owner": "ESP32Async", "version": "^2.0.0"},
+                # Not bundled: skipped
+                {"name": "NotBundled"},
+            ],
+        },
+    )
+
+    with _emitting_converter(converted) as mock_extra:
+        libs = _resolve(framework)
+
+    mock_extra.assert_called_once()
+    assert mock_extra.call_args.args == (converted,)
+    assert mock_extra.call_args.kwargs["pio_platform"] == "espressif8266"
+    # board_mcu is passed lazily, as the shared helper requires
+    assert mock_extra.call_args.kwargs["board_mcu"]() == "esp8266"
+    assert [lib.name for lib in libs] == [
+        "Wire",
+        "esp32async__ESPAsyncWebServer",
+    ]
+
+
+def test_resolve_libraries_bundled_dep_already_present(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    framework = _make_framework(tmp_path)
+    _add_library("Wire", None)
+    _add_library("Some/External", "1.0.0")
+
+    lib_dir = tmp_path / "converted" / "external"
+    lib_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
+    (lib_dir / "main.cpp").write_text("")
+    converted = _converted(
+        "some__External", lib_dir, {"dependencies": [{"name": "Wire"}]}
+    )
+
+    with _emitting_converter(converted):
+        libs = _resolve(framework)
+
+    # Wire appears once (from the explicit registration), not twice
+    assert [lib.name for lib in libs] == ["Wire", "some__External"]
+
+
+def test_library_info_trailing_bare_flag_warns(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    read_path = tmp_path / "lib"
+    (read_path / "src").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (read_path / "src" / "stub.cpp").write_text("")
+    lib = component._library_info("x", read_path, {"build": {"flags": ["-DA=1 -l"]}})
+    assert lib.flags == ["-DA=1"]
+    assert lib.link_libs == []
+    assert "Ignoring trailing '-l'" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_library_info_missing_explicit_include_warns(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    read_path = tmp_path / "lib"
+    (read_path / "src").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (read_path / "src" / "stub.cpp").write_text("")
+    lib = component._library_info("x", read_path, {"build": {"flags": ["-Inope"]}})
+    assert lib.include_dirs == [(read_path / "src").resolve()]
+    assert "include dir nope which does not exist" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_library_info_missing_declared_src_dir_raises(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """An explicitly declared srcDir that does not exist is a manifest error."""
+    read_path = tmp_path / "lib"
+    read_path.mkdir()
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="srcDir 'nosrc' which does not exist"):
+        component._library_info("x", read_path, {"build": {"srcDir": "nosrc"}})
+
+
+def test_library_info_missing_declared_include_dir_warns(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    read_path = tmp_path / "lib"
+    read_path.mkdir()
+    component._library_info("x", read_path, {"build": {"includeDir": "noinc"}})
+    assert "include dir noinc which does not exist" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_resolve_libraries_lib_ignore_covers_bundled(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """lib_ignore applies to framework-bundled libraries, as under PlatformIO."""
+    framework = _make_framework(tmp_path)
+    _add_library("ESP8266WiFi", None)
+    _add_library("Wire", None)
+    CORE.platformio_options = {"lib_ignore": ["Wire"]}
+    libs = _resolve(framework)
+    assert [lib.name for lib in libs] == ["ESP8266WiFi"]
+
+
+def test_resolve_libraries_lib_ignore_covers_bundled_dependencies(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    framework = _make_framework(tmp_path)
+    _add_library("Some/External", "1.0.0")
+    CORE.platformio_options = {"lib_ignore": ["Wire"]}
+
+    lib_dir = tmp_path / "converted" / "external"
+    lib_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
+    (lib_dir / "main.cpp").write_text("")
+    converted = _converted(
+        "some__External", lib_dir, {"dependencies": [{"name": "Wire"}]}
+    )
+
+    with _emitting_converter(converted):
+        libs = _resolve(framework)
+
+    assert [lib.name for lib in libs] == ["some__External"]
+
+
+def test_bundled_library_prefers_library_json(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A bundled library.json wins over library.properties (PIO semantics);
+    its build section is honored."""
+    framework = _make_framework(tmp_path)
+    lib_dir = framework / "libraries" / "GDBStub"
+    (lib_dir / "custom").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (lib_dir / "custom" / "gdb.cpp").write_text("")
+    (lib_dir / "library.properties").write_text("name=GDBStub\n")
+    (lib_dir / "library.json").write_text(
+        '{"name": "GDBStub", "build": {"srcDir": "custom"}}'
+    )
+    lib = component._bundled_library(framework, "GDBStub")
+    assert [s.name for s in lib.sources] == ["gdb.cpp"]
+
+
+def test_library_info_lib_archive_flag(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Both libArchive (library.json) and dot_a_linkage (properties) reach
+    the generator's contract; default is archive."""
+    read_path = tmp_path / "lib"
+    (read_path / "src").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (read_path / "src" / "stub.cpp").write_text("")
+    assert component._library_info("x", read_path, {}).lib_archive is True
+    assert (
+        component._library_info(
+            "x", read_path, {"build": {"libArchive": False}}
+        ).lib_archive
+        is False
+    )
+    assert (
+        component._library_info("x", read_path, {"dot_a_linkage": "false"}).lib_archive
+        is False
+    )
+    assert (
+        component._library_info("x", read_path, {"dot_a_linkage": "true"}).lib_archive
+        is True
+    )
+
+
+def test_resolve_libraries_dep_warnings(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A nameless dependency entry warns in the shared normalizer; an
+    owner-without-version entry is left to the walk's reconciliation."""
+    framework = _make_framework(tmp_path)
+    converted = _webserver(
+        tmp_path,
+        {
+            "build": {},
+            "dependencies": [
+                {"owner": "someone"},
+                {"name": "Orphan", "owner": "someone"},
+            ],
+        },
+    )
+    with _emitting_converter(converted):
+        _resolve(framework)
+    assert "Ignoring unrecognized dependency entry" in caplog.text
+    assert "Orphan" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_bundled_dependency_nonplatform_rejection_is_silent_here(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """The shared walk owns the rejection warning; the backend-side filter
+    stays at debug so one manifest fault never warns twice."""
+    framework = _make_framework(tmp_path)
+    converted = _webserver(tmp_path, {"build": {}, "dependencies": [{"name": "Wire"}]})
+    with (
+        _emitting_converter(converted),
+        patch.object(
+            component,
+            "check_library_data",
+            side_effect=InvalidLibrary("manifest is corrupt"),
+        ),
+    ):
+        libs = _resolve(framework)
+    assert "Wire" not in [lib.name for lib in libs]
+    assert "manifest is corrupt" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_nonplatform_rejection_warns_once_through_real_converter(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """One manifest fault produces exactly one warning across the walk and
+    the backend-side bundled filter."""
+    framework = _make_framework(tmp_path)
+    _local_lib(tmp_path, [{"name": "Wire"}])
+    monkeypatch.setenv("ESPHOME_DATA_DIR", str(tmp_path / ".esphome"))
+    real = pio_library.check_library_data
+
+    def flaky(data, platform, framework_name):
+        if data.get("name") == "Wire":
+            raise InvalidLibrary("manifest is corrupt")
+        return real(data, platform, framework_name)
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(pio_library, "check_library_data", flaky)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(component, "check_library_data", flaky)
+    with patch.object(
+        pio_library,
+        "_resolve_registry_version",
+        side_effect=AssertionError("registry touched"),
+    ):
+        _resolve(framework)
+    assert caplog.text.count("manifest is corrupt") == 1
+
+
+def test_url_pinned_bundled_name_not_doubled(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A URL-pinned dependency names one specific source; the bundled copy
+    of the same short name must never be added on top of the fork."""
+    framework = _make_framework(tmp_path)
+    converted = _webserver(
+        tmp_path,
+        {
+            "build": {},
+            "dependencies": [
+                {"name": "Wire", "version": "https://github.com/x/wire-fork.git"}
+            ],
+        },
+    )
+    with _emitting_converter(converted):
+        libs = _resolve(framework)
+    assert "Wire" not in [lib.name for lib in libs]
+
+
+def test_versioned_bundled_candidate_fault_warns_once(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """A versioned bundled-name dependency with a manifest fault warns once,
+    from the walk's usability filter; the backend-side re-check stays quiet."""
+    framework = _make_framework(tmp_path)
+    _local_lib(tmp_path, [{"name": "Wire", "version": "*"}])
+    monkeypatch.setenv("ESPHOME_DATA_DIR", str(tmp_path / ".esphome"))
+    real = pio_library.check_library_data
+
+    def flaky(data, platform, framework_name):
+        if data.get("name") == "Wire":
+            raise InvalidLibrary("manifest is corrupt")
+        return real(data, platform, framework_name)
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(pio_library, "check_library_data", flaky)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(component, "check_library_data", flaky)
+    with patch.object(
+        pio_library,
+        "_resolve_registry_version",
+        side_effect=AssertionError("registry touched"),
+    ):
+        libs = _resolve(framework)
+    assert "Wire" not in [lib.name for lib in libs]
+    assert caplog.text.count("manifest is corrupt") == 1
+
+
+def test_short_name_collision_with_bundled_name_warns(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """Suppressing a genuinely bundled name on a short-name match warns;
+    an accidental collision would otherwise surface at link."""
+    framework = _make_framework(tmp_path)
+    _add_library("Someone/Wire", "1.0.0")
+    converted = _converted(
+        "someone__Wire",
+        tmp_path / "conv",
+        {"build": {}, "dependencies": [{"name": "Wire"}]},
+    )
+    (tmp_path / "conv" / "src").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (tmp_path / "conv" / "src" / "a.cpp").write_text("")
+    with _emitting_converter(converted):
+        libs = _resolve(framework)
+    assert "Wire" not in [lib.name for lib in libs]
+    assert "assumed satisfied by a requested external library" in caplog.text
+    assert any(r.levelname == "WARNING" for r in caplog.records)
+
+
+def test_missing_libraries_dir_is_a_broken_install(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A framework tree without libraries/ must fail by name, not silently
+    reroute every bundled name to the registry."""
+    framework = tmp_path / "framework"
+    framework.mkdir()
+    _add_library("Wire", None)
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="framework install may be incomplete"):
+        _resolve(framework)
+
+
+def test_provided_is_case_sensitive(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Membership uses the exact on-disk names, so a case-insensitive
+    filesystem cannot add the same bundled library twice."""
+    framework = _make_framework(tmp_path)
+    converted = _webserver(tmp_path, {"build": {}, "dependencies": [{"name": "wire"}]})
+    with _emitting_converter(converted):
+        libs = _resolve(framework)
+    assert "wire" not in [lib.name for lib in libs]
+    assert "Wire" not in [lib.name for lib in libs]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("declared", ["", None])
+def test_library_info_falsy_declared_src_dir_raises(
+    tmp_path: Path, declared: str | None
+) -> None:
+    """A declared-but-falsy srcDir must not silently fall back to the probe."""
+    read_path = tmp_path / "lib"
+    (read_path / "src").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (read_path / "src" / "stub.cpp").write_text("")
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="does not exist"):
+        component._library_info("x", read_path, {"build": {"srcDir": declared}})
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("value", "expected"),
+    [
+        (False, False),
+        ("false", False),
+        ("False", False),
+        ("true", True),
+    ],
+)
+def test_library_info_lib_archive_parse(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    value: object,
+    expected: bool,
+) -> None:
+    """bool("false") is True; the string forms must parse, not coerce."""
+    read_path = tmp_path / "lib"
+    (read_path / "src").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (read_path / "src" / "stub.cpp").write_text("")
+    lib = component._library_info("x", read_path, {"build": {"libArchive": value}})
+    assert lib.lib_archive is expected
+
+
+def test_library_info_unsupported_link_fields_raise(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """precompiled/ldflags properties are not supported; refuse by name."""
+    read_path = tmp_path / "lib"
+    (read_path / "src").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (read_path / "src" / "stub.cpp").write_text("")
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="declares precompiled"):
+        component._library_info("x", read_path, {"precompiled": "true", "build": {}})
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="declares ldflags"):
+        component._library_info("x", read_path, {"ldflags": "-lfoo", "build": {}})
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("value", ["false", "False", " false ", "", False, None])
+def test_library_info_precompiled_opt_out_accepted(
+    tmp_path: Path, value: object
+) -> None:
+    """Manifest values are strings; precompiled=false is the spec's
+    explicit opt-out, not a declaration."""
+    read_path = tmp_path / "lib"
+    (read_path / "src").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (read_path / "src" / "stub.cpp").write_text("")
+    data = {"build": {}}
+    if value is not None:
+        data["precompiled"] = value
+    component._library_info("x", read_path, data)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("value", ["full", True, "weird"])
+def test_library_info_precompiled_set_raises(tmp_path: Path, value: object) -> None:
+    """Both full (Arduino's other legal value) and unknown spellings fail safe."""
+    read_path = tmp_path / "lib"
+    (read_path / "src").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (read_path / "src" / "stub.cpp").write_text("")
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="declares precompiled"):
+        component._library_info("x", read_path, {"precompiled": value, "build": {}})
+
+
+def test_library_info_default_filter_matching_nothing_warns(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """The empty-match warning is not gated on a declared srcFilter/srcDir;
+    a default-filter src/ holding only inert files warns too."""
+    read_path = tmp_path / "lib"
+    (read_path / "src").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (read_path / "src" / "keywords.txt").write_text("")
+    lib = component._library_info("x", read_path, {"build": {}})
+    assert not lib.sources
+    assert "no source files matched" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_library_info_unmapped_sources_warn(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """Source-like files the case-sensitive suffix map rejects are named,
+    even when other sources compiled (a partial drop links with undefined
+    symbols far from the cause)."""
+    read_path = tmp_path / "lib"
+    (read_path / "src").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (read_path / "src" / "impl.CPP").write_text("")
+    (read_path / "src" / "sketch.ino").write_text("")
+    (read_path / "src" / "ok.cpp").write_text("")
+    lib = component._library_info("x", read_path, {"build": {}})
+    assert [s.name for s in lib.sources] == ["ok.cpp"]
+    assert "not compiled: impl.CPP, sketch.ino" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_library_info_inert_only_filter_warns(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A declared srcFilter matching only inert files (no sources, no
+    headers) warns like one matching nothing at all."""
+    read_path = tmp_path / "lib"
+    (read_path / "src").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (read_path / "src" / "keywords.txt").write_text("")
+    component._library_info("x", read_path, {"build": {"srcFilter": ["+<*>"]}})
+    assert "no source files matched" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_library_info_declared_filter_matching_headers_stays_quiet(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A declared filter matching real headers is a header-only library."""
+    read_path = tmp_path / "lib"
+    (read_path / "src").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (read_path / "src" / "api.h").write_text("")
+    component._library_info("x", read_path, {"build": {"srcFilter": ["+<*>"]}})
+    assert "no source files matched" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_library_info_header_only_src_stays_quiet(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A header-only library (real headers in src/) is routine, not a
+    warning (the default +<*> filter matches the headers too)."""
+    read_path = tmp_path / "lib"
+    (read_path / "src").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (read_path / "src" / "ArduinoJson.h").write_text("")
+    (read_path / "keywords.txt").write_text("")
+    lib = component._library_info("x", read_path, {"build": {}})
+    assert lib.sources == []
+    assert "not compiled" not in caplog.text
+    assert "srcFilter" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_library_info_lib_archive_malformed_raises(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A typo'd libArchive fails by name like the other build fields."""
+    read_path = tmp_path / "lib"
+    (read_path / "src").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (read_path / "src" / "stub.cpp").write_text("")
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="malformed libArchive value 'archive-me'"):
+        component._library_info("x", read_path, {"build": {"libArchive": "archive-me"}})
+
+
+def test_bundled_dependency_dict_shorthand_prefers_bundled(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """The {"Wire": "*"} dict shorthand resolves to the bundled library."""
+    framework = _make_framework(tmp_path)
+    converted = _webserver(tmp_path, {"build": {}, "dependencies": {"Wire": "*"}})
+    with _emitting_converter(converted):
+        libs = _resolve(framework)
+    assert "Wire" in [lib.name for lib in libs]
+
+
+def test_unfulfilled_provides_promise_raises(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A provides()-skipped dependency nothing added can only surface as
+    undefined symbols at link, so it fails here by name; satisfied ones
+    pass silently."""
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="Wire") as err:
+        component._check_unfulfilled_provides(
+            {"Wire", "Hash"}, {"Hash"}, {"Wire", "Hash"}
+        )
+    assert str(err.value).count("Wire") == 1
+    assert "Hash" not in str(err.value)
+    component._check_unfulfilled_provides({"Hash"}, {"Hash"}, {"Hash"})
+    # A recording for a since-re-resolved manifest is stale walk state,
+    # never a failure: no final manifest still requests Wire
+    component._check_unfulfilled_provides({"Wire"}, set(), set())
+
+
+def test_extra_script_link_flags_reach_the_library(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """LINKFLAGS captured by an extra script travel outside build.flags and
+    must reach the library's link flags, matching the ESP-IDF backend."""
+    framework = _make_framework(tmp_path)
+    converted = _webserver(
+        tmp_path,
+        {
+            "build": {},
+            component.ESPHOME_DATA_KEY: {
+                component.ESPHOME_DATA_LINK_FLAGS_KEY: ["-Wl,--wrap=foo"]
+            },
+        },
+    )
+    with _emitting_converter(converted):
+        libs = _resolve(framework)
+    (webserver,) = (lib for lib in libs if "ESPAsyncWebServer" in lib.name)
+    assert "-Wl,--wrap=foo" in webserver.link_flags
+
+
+def test_bundled_dependency_platform_rejection_is_debug(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """The typed IncompatiblePlatform (the routine cross-platform skip)
+    stays at debug regardless of message wording."""
+    framework = _make_framework(tmp_path)
+    converted = _webserver(tmp_path, {"build": {}, "dependencies": [{"name": "Wire"}]})
+    with (
+        _emitting_converter(converted),
+        patch.object(
+            component,
+            "check_library_data",
+            side_effect=IncompatiblePlatform("nothing about the p-word here"),
+        ),
+    ):
+        libs = _resolve(framework)
+    assert "Wire" not in [lib.name for lib in libs]
+    assert "Skipping dependency Wire" not in caplog.text
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("data", [{"build": "src"}, [], "nope"])
+def test_library_info_malformed_manifest_is_named(tmp_path: Path, data: object) -> None:
+    """A malformed manifest names the library, never an AttributeError."""
+    read_path = tmp_path / "lib"
+    read_path.mkdir()
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="Library x has a malformed manifest"):
+        component._library_info("x", read_path, data)
+
+
+def test_bundled_library_with_declared_dependencies_warns(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A bundled manifest that declares dependencies is visible, not
+    silently skipped (a no-op for the ESP8266 core, not for every core)."""
+    framework = _make_framework(tmp_path)
+    wire = framework / "libraries" / "Wire"
+    (wire / "library.json").write_text(
+        '{"name": "Wire", "dependencies": [{"name": "SPI"}]}'
+    )
+    _add_library("Wire", None)
+    _resolve(framework)
+    assert "Bundled library Wire declares dependencies" in caplog.text
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("build", "match"),
+    [
+        ({"includeDir": ["a", "b"]}, "malformed includeDir"),
+        ({"srcFilter": [123]}, "malformed srcFilter"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_library_info_malformed_build_fields_are_named(
+    tmp_path: Path, build: dict, match: str
+) -> None:
+    """Malformed includeDir/srcFilter fail naming the library like srcDir."""
+    read_path = tmp_path / "lib"
+    (read_path / "src").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (read_path / "src" / "stub.cpp").write_text("")
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match=match):
+        component._library_info("x", read_path, {"build": build})
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("value", "expected"),
+    [
+        ("true", True),
+        ("False", False),
+    ],
+)
+def test_library_info_dot_a_linkage_parses_strictly(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    value: str,
+    expected: bool,
+) -> None:
+    """The dot_a_linkage property uses the same strict table as libArchive."""
+    read_path = tmp_path / "lib"
+    (read_path / "src").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (read_path / "src" / "stub.cpp").write_text("")
+    lib = component._library_info("x", read_path, {"dot_a_linkage": value, "build": {}})
+    assert lib.lib_archive is expected
+
+
+def test_library_info_dot_a_linkage_malformed_raises(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A typo'd dot_a_linkage must not silently flip link semantics."""
+    read_path = tmp_path / "lib"
+    (read_path / "src").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (read_path / "src" / "stub.cpp").write_text("")
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="malformed dot_a_linkage value 'yes'"):
+        component._library_info("x", read_path, {"dot_a_linkage": "yes", "build": {}})
+
+
+def test_bundled_library_properties_depends_warns(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """The library.properties depends= spelling reaches the visibility
+    warning too; the shared parser returns it raw."""
+    framework = _make_framework(tmp_path)
+    wire = framework / "libraries" / "Wire"
+    (wire / "library.properties").write_text("name=Wire\nversion=1.0\ndepends=SPI\n")
+    _add_library("Wire", None)
+    caplog.set_level("INFO")
+    _resolve(framework)
+    assert "Library Wire declares dependencies via library.properties" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_bundled_library_extra_script_raises(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A bundled manifest relying on an extraScript would miscompile;
+    refuse by name."""
+    framework = _make_framework(tmp_path)
+    wire = framework / "libraries" / "Wire"
+    (wire / "library.json").write_text(
+        '{"name": "Wire", "build": {"extraScript": "extra.py"}}'
+    )
+    _add_library("Wire", None)
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="Wire declares an extraScript"):
+        _resolve(framework)
+
+
+def test_dependency_requested_top_level_is_not_a_drop(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A version-less manifest dependency the config separately requests is
+    already in the build; it is not probed as a bundled library."""
+    framework = _make_framework(tmp_path)
+    _add_library("ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer", "3.9.6")
+    _add_library("ESP32Async/ESPAsyncTCP", "2.0.0")
+    ws, tcp = _ws_tcp_pair(tmp_path)
+    with _emitting_converter(ws, tcp):
+        libs = _resolve(framework)
+    # Exactly the two converted libraries; no bundled stand-in was added
+    assert [lib.name for lib in libs] == [
+        "esp32async__ESPAsyncWebServer",
+        "esp32async__ESPAsyncTCP",
+    ]
+    assert "Skipping" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_bundled_library_non_dict_manifest_skips_probes_and_raises(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """A bundled library.json that is a JSON array skips the dependency and
+    extraScript probes and fails in _library_info naming the library."""
+    framework = _make_framework(tmp_path)
+    wire = framework / "libraries" / "Wire"
+    (wire / "library.json").write_text('["not", "a", "manifest"]')
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="Library Wire has a malformed manifest"):
+        component._bundled_library(framework, "Wire")
+
+
+def test_bundled_missing_manifest_is_debug_only(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """The legacy manifest-less layout is legal (the core ships FSTools
+    without one), so the diagnostic must stay below warning level."""
+    framework = _make_framework(tmp_path)
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.DEBUG):
+        component._bundled_library(framework, "Wire")
+    record = next(r for r in caplog.records if "has no manifest" in r.message)
+    assert record.levelno == logging.DEBUG
+
+
+def test_bundled_corrupt_library_json_fails_by_name(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A truncated bundled library.json fails with the library name and the
+    clean-all hint, not a raw JSONDecodeError."""
+    framework = _make_framework(tmp_path)
+    (framework / "libraries" / "Wire" / "library.json").write_text("{truncated")
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="Wire has a corrupt library.json"):
+        component._bundled_library(framework, "Wire")
+
+
+def test_dict_shorthand_dependency_skips_registry_through_real_converter(
+    tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
+    """{"Wire": "*"} resolves to the bundled copy without touching the
+    registry (real converter)."""
+    framework = _make_framework(tmp_path)
+    _local_lib(tmp_path, {"Wire": "*"})
+    # Pin the component cache to tmp_path (data_dir honors an ambient
+    # ESPHOME_DATA_DIR otherwise)
+    monkeypatch.setenv("ESPHOME_DATA_DIR", str(tmp_path / ".esphome"))
+    with patch.object(
+        pio_library,
+        "_resolve_registry_version",
+        side_effect=AssertionError("registry touched"),
+    ):
+        libs = _resolve(framework)
+    names = [lib.name for lib in libs]
+    assert "Wire" in names
+    assert any("locallib" in n.lower() for n in names)
+    # The walk populated provided_requests for the skip; the backend added
+    # the bundled copy, so the reconciliation passed without raising
+
+
+def test_versionless_provides_skip_is_reconciled_through_real_converter(
+    tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
+    """A truly version-less bare-name dependency the walk skips on the
+    backend's promise is recorded and fulfilled by the bundled copy."""
+    framework = _make_framework(tmp_path)
+    _local_lib(tmp_path, ["Wire"])
+    monkeypatch.setenv("ESPHOME_DATA_DIR", str(tmp_path / ".esphome"))
+    with patch.object(
+        pio_library,
+        "_resolve_registry_version",
+        side_effect=AssertionError("registry touched"),
+    ):
+        libs = _resolve(framework)
+    assert "Wire" in [lib.name for lib in libs]
+
+
+def test_platform_filtered_bundled_candidate_does_not_break_reconciliation(
+    tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
+    """A bundled candidate the backend knowingly skips (platform filter)
+    counts as satisfied; the promise reconciliation must not raise."""
+    framework = _make_framework(tmp_path)
+    _local_lib(tmp_path, [{"name": "Wire", "platforms": ["espressif32"]}])
+    monkeypatch.setenv("ESPHOME_DATA_DIR", str(tmp_path / ".esphome"))
+    with patch.object(
+        pio_library,
+        "_resolve_registry_version",
+        side_effect=AssertionError("registry touched"),
+    ):
+        libs = _resolve(framework)
+    assert "Wire" not in [lib.name for lib in libs]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("bad_name", "message"),
+    [
+        # A non-string name never leaves the shared normalizer
+        (1, "Ignoring unrecognized dependency entry"),
+        ("../escape", "Ignoring malformed dependency entry"),
+        ("..", "Ignoring malformed dependency entry"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_bundled_dependency_bad_name_is_malformed(
+    tmp_path: Path, bad_name: object, message: str, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A dependency name becomes a path component; a traversal or a
+    non-string is a malformed entry, never joined."""
+    framework = _make_framework(tmp_path)
+    converted = _webserver(
+        tmp_path, {"build": {}, "dependencies": [{"name": bad_name}]}
+    )
+    with _emitting_converter(converted):
+        _resolve(framework)
+    assert message in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_owner_qualified_dependency_is_silent(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """The owner-qualified dependency spelling (PIO's Owner/Pkg) resolves via
+    the converter; it must not draw the malformed-entry warning."""
+    framework = _make_framework(tmp_path)
+    converted = _webserver(
+        tmp_path,
+        {
+            "build": {},
+            "dependencies": [{"name": "ESP32Async/AsyncTCP", "version": "^3.0"}],
+        },
+    )
+    with _emitting_converter(converted):
+        _resolve(framework)
+    assert "malformed" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_bundled_dependency_string_list_form(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """The bare string-list dependency form (PIO-legal) resolves to the
+    bundled library instead of vanishing in normalization."""
+    framework = _make_framework(tmp_path)
+    converted = _webserver(tmp_path, {"build": {}, "dependencies": ["Wire"]})
+    with _emitting_converter(converted):
+        libs = _resolve(framework)
+    assert "Wire" in [lib.name for lib in libs]
+
+
+def test_pinned_bundled_dependency_substitution_warns(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """A non-* version pin on a backend-provided dependency is discarded
+    for the bundled copy; the substitution must be visible."""
+    framework = _make_framework(tmp_path)
+    _local_lib(tmp_path, {"Wire": "^2.0.0"})
+    monkeypatch.setenv("ESPHOME_DATA_DIR", str(tmp_path / ".esphome"))
+    with patch.object(
+        pio_library,
+        "_resolve_registry_version",
+        side_effect=AssertionError("registry touched"),
+    ):
+        libs = _resolve(framework)
+    assert "Wire" in [lib.name for lib in libs]
+    assert "pins version ^2.0.0; using the library bundled" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_transitively_resolved_dependency_does_not_warn(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A dependency the walk already resolved does not warn."""
+    framework = _make_framework(tmp_path)
+    _add_library("ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer", "3.9.6")
+    ws, tcp = _ws_tcp_pair(tmp_path)
+    with _emitting_converter(ws, tcp):
+        libs = _resolve(framework)
+    assert [lib.name for lib in libs] == [
+        "esp32async__ESPAsyncWebServer",
+        "esp32async__ESPAsyncTCP",
+    ]
+    assert "Skipping" not in caplog.text
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("spec", "expected"),
+    [
+        ("owner/Name", "Name"),
+        ("Name", "Name"),
+        ("Foo=file:///srv/Wire", "Foo"),
+        ("Foo=https://github.com/x/Wire", "Foo"),
+        # An "=" without a URL is a registry name, not the custom-name form
+        ("FOO=BAR", "FOO=BAR"),
+        ("https://github.com/x/Wire", "Wire"),
+        # Git tails are stripped like the walk's URL normalization
+        ("https://github.com/x/Wire.git", "Wire"),
+        ("git+https://github.com/x/Wire.git#v1", "Wire"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_external_short_name(spec: str, expected: str) -> None:
+    assert component._external_short_name(spec) == expected
+
+
+def test_converted_manifest_name_suppresses_bundled_dependency(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A name a converted library's manifest provides is not also added
+    from the framework tree, even when the provider emits later; the
+    suppression warns like its external_short_names twin."""
+    framework = _make_framework(tmp_path)
+    _add_library("ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer", "3.9.6")
+    # Requested under a different short name; only the manifest says "Wire"
+    _add_library("Someone/WireLib", "9.9.9")
+    ws_dir = tmp_path / "converted" / "webserver"
+    (ws_dir / "src").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (ws_dir / "src" / "stub.cpp").write_text("")
+    wire_dir = tmp_path / "converted" / "wire"
+    (wire_dir / "src").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (wire_dir / "src" / "wire.cpp").write_text("")
+    ws = _converted(
+        "esp32async__ESPAsyncWebServer",
+        ws_dir,
+        {"build": {}, "dependencies": [{"name": "Wire"}]},
+    )
+    registry_wire = _converted(
+        "someone__WireLib", wire_dir, {"name": "Wire", "build": {}}
+    )
+    with _emitting_converter(ws, registry_wire):
+        libs = _resolve(framework)
+    # The bundled Wire is not added alongside the registry-resolved one
+    assert [lib.name for lib in libs] == [
+        "esp32async__ESPAsyncWebServer",
+        "someone__WireLib",
+    ]
+    assert "Dependency Wire is assumed satisfied by a converted" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_bundled_library_root_headers_pass_the_probe(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Headers anywhere in the bundled tree (uncommon suffixes and case
+    included) prove the install is intact, even with an empty src dir."""
+    framework = _make_framework(tmp_path)
+    lib_dir = framework / "libraries" / "HeaderOnly"
+    (lib_dir / "src").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (lib_dir / "impl.HXX").write_text("")
+    lib = component._bundled_library(framework, "HeaderOnly")
+    assert lib.sources == []
+
+
+def test_empty_bundled_library_warns(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A bundled directory with no sources or headers is a broken install
+    that can never link; fail by name instead of warning into it."""
+    framework = _make_framework(tmp_path)
+    (framework / "libraries" / "Empty").mkdir()
+    _add_library("Empty", None)
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="Library Empty has no sources or headers"):
+        _resolve(framework)
+
+
+def test_versionless_dependency_with_provider_stays_quiet(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """With a provides backend the version-less skip is routine (debug) and
+    the bundled copy is picked up after emit."""
+    framework = _make_framework(tmp_path)
+    _local_lib(tmp_path, [{"name": "Wire"}])
+    monkeypatch.setenv("ESPHOME_DATA_DIR", str(tmp_path / ".esphome"))
+    with patch.object(
+        pio_library,
+        "_resolve_registry_version",
+        side_effect=AssertionError("registry touched"),
+    ):
+        libs = _resolve(framework)
+    assert "Wire" in [lib.name for lib in libs]
+    assert "has no version to resolve" not in caplog.text
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_bundle.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_bundle.py
index 29e917fe44..1abc7a3ab8 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_bundle.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_bundle.py
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@ from esphome.bundle import (
     read_bundle_manifest,
     remap_bundle_path,
 )
+from esphome.components.substitutions import do_substitution_pass
 from esphome.core import CORE, EsphomeError
-from esphome.yaml_util import force_load_include_files
+from esphome.yaml_util import force_load_include_files, load_yaml
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Helpers
@@ -1277,6 +1278,59 @@ def test_discover_files_bundles_all_include_candidates(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     assert "includes/empty.yaml" in paths
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("enable_proxy", [True, False])
+def test_bundle_roundtrip_templated_include_with_path_separator(
+    tmp_path: Path, enable_proxy: bool
+) -> None:
+    r"""The issue-18545 flow: a Jinja !include whose branches contain "/" still
+    resolves after the bundle is extracted on the build server.
+
+    Windows is the leg that regresses: the raw expression text must survive
+    verbatim, or its separators get rewritten to "\" and Jinja decodes
+    sequences like "\b" as string escapes.
+    """
+    config_dir = _setup_config_dir(
+        tmp_path,
+        files={
+            "includes/boards/board.yaml": (
+                "packages:\n"
+                '  - !include ${ "bluetooth/bluetooth_proxy_single_core.yaml"'
+                ' if enable_bluetooth_proxy else "../empty.yaml" }\n'
+            ),
+            "includes/boards/bluetooth/bluetooth_proxy_single_core.yaml": (
+                "bluetooth_proxy:\n  active: true\n"
+            ),
+            "includes/empty.yaml": "{}\n",
+        },
+    )
+    (config_dir / "test.yaml").write_text(
+        "substitutions:\n"
+        f"  enable_bluetooth_proxy: {str(enable_proxy).lower()}\n"
+        "esphome:\n  name: test\n"
+        "packages:\n  - !include includes/boards/board.yaml\n"
+    )
+
+    result = ConfigBundleCreator({}).create_bundle()
+    bundle_path = tmp_path / "device.esphomebundle.tar.gz"
+    bundle_path.write_bytes(result.data)
+
+    # Both conditional branches must ship in the bundle.
+    paths = [f.path for f in result.files]
+    assert "includes/boards/bluetooth/bluetooth_proxy_single_core.yaml" in paths
+    assert "includes/empty.yaml" in paths
+
+    # Extract to a fresh directory and resolve the config from there, as a
+    # remote build server would.
+    extracted_config = extract_bundle(bundle_path, tmp_path / "remote")
+    config = do_substitution_pass(load_yaml(extracted_config))
+
+    board_pkg = config["packages"][0]["packages"][0]
+    if enable_proxy:
+        assert board_pkg == {"bluetooth_proxy": {"active": True}}
+    else:
+        assert board_pkg == {}
+
+
 def test_discover_files_candidate_outside_config_dir_skipped(
     tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
 ) -> None:
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_compiled_config.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_compiled_config.py
index b852d2d596..4333420a9e 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_compiled_config.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_compiled_config.py
@@ -2,18 +2,25 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv4Network
 import json
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
 from unittest.mock import patch
+from uuid import UUID
 
 import pytest
 
+from esphome import const, yaml_util
 from esphome.__main__ import run_esphome
 from esphome.compiled_config import (
+    _LAMBDA_KEY,
     compiled_config_path,
     load_compiled_config,
     save_compiled_config,
+    save_compiled_config_and_sidecar,
 )
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_API,
@@ -24,37 +31,44 @@ from esphome.const import (
     KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK,
     KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM,
     KEY_VARIANT,
+    Toolchain,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE
-from esphome.yaml_util import ESPHomeDataBase
+from esphome.core import (
+    CORE,
+    ID,
+    EsphomeError,
+    HexInt,
+    Lambda,
+    MACAddress,
+    TimePeriodMilliseconds,
+)
+from esphome.storage_json import StorageJSON
+from esphome.util import OrderedDict
 
-_VALIDATED_CONFIG_YAML = """\
-esphome:
-  name: lite_test
-  friendly_name: Lite Test Device
-esp32:
-  board: nodemcu-32s
-logger:
-  baud_rate: 115200
-api:
-  port: 6053
-  encryption:
-    key: 6dGhpcyBpcyBhIHRlc3Q=
-ota:
-  - platform: esphome
-    port: 3232
-    password: secret
-wifi:
-  ssid: ssid
-  use_address: 192.168.1.42
-"""
+_VALIDATED_CONFIG = {
+    "esphome": {"name": "lite_test", "friendly_name": "Lite Test Device"},
+    "esp32": {"board": "nodemcu-32s"},
+    "logger": {"baud_rate": 115200},
+    "api": {"port": 6053, "encryption": {"key": "6dGhpcyBpcyBhIHRlc3Q="}},
+    "ota": [{"platform": "esphome", "port": 3232, "password": "secret"}],
+    "wifi": {"ssid": "ssid", "use_address": "192.168.1.42"},
+}
+
+
+def _cache_body(config: dict | None = None) -> str:
+    """Render the JSON envelope the production save writes."""
+    return json.dumps(
+        {"v": 1, "esphome": const.__version__, "config": config or _VALIDATED_CONFIG}
+    )
 
 
 def _write_storage(
     storage_path: Path,
     *,
-    esp_platform: str = "ESP32",
+    esp_platform: str | None = "ESP32",
     core_platform: str | None = "esp32",
+    build_path: str | None = "/build/lite_test",
+    toolchain: str | None = None,
 ) -> None:
     """Write a vanilla StorageJSON sidecar for the cache tests."""
     storage_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
@@ -68,21 +82,22 @@ def _write_storage(
         "address": "192.168.1.42",
         "web_port": None,
         "esp_platform": esp_platform,
-        "build_path": "/build/lite_test",
+        "build_path": build_path,
         "firmware_bin_path": "/build/lite_test/firmware.bin",
         "loaded_integrations": ["api", "logger", "ota", "wifi"],
         "loaded_platforms": [],
         "no_mdns": False,
         "framework": "arduino",
         "core_platform": core_platform,
+        "toolchain": toolchain,
     }
     storage_path.write_text(json.dumps(data), encoding="utf-8")
 
 
-def _write_cache(cache_path: Path, body: str = _VALIDATED_CONFIG_YAML) -> Path:
+def _write_cache(cache_path: Path, body: str | None = None) -> Path:
     """Write the cache file and return it."""
     cache_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    cache_path.write_text(body, encoding="utf-8")
+    cache_path.write_text(body if body is not None else _cache_body(), encoding="utf-8")
     return cache_path
 
 
@@ -96,24 +111,28 @@ def _set_cache_mtime(cache_path: Path, yaml_path: Path, *, offset: int) -> None:
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
-def fresh_cache_files(tmp_path: Path) -> Path:
-    """YAML + StorageJSON + cache, all consistent and fresh."""
+def primed_storage(tmp_path: Path) -> Path:
+    """YAML + StorageJSON sidecar, no cache yet."""
     yaml_path = tmp_path / "lite_test.yaml"
     yaml_path.write_text("esphome:\n  name: lite_test\n")
     CORE.config_path = yaml_path
-
-    storage_dir = tmp_path / ".esphome" / "storage"
-    _write_storage(storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.json")
-    cache = _write_cache(storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.validated.yaml")
-    _set_cache_mtime(cache, yaml_path, offset=5)
-
+    _write_storage(tmp_path / ".esphome" / "storage" / "lite_test.yaml.json")
     return yaml_path
 
 
+@pytest.fixture
+def fresh_cache_files(primed_storage: Path) -> Path:
+    """YAML + StorageJSON + cache, all consistent and fresh."""
+    storage_dir = primed_storage.parent / ".esphome" / "storage"
+    cache = _write_cache(storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.validated.json")
+    _set_cache_mtime(cache, primed_storage, offset=5)
+    return primed_storage
+
+
 def test_compiled_config_path_lives_alongside_sidecar(setup_core: Path) -> None:
     """The cache file shape is predictable from the YAML filename."""
     path = compiled_config_path("device.yaml")
-    assert path.name == "device.yaml.validated.yaml"
+    assert path.name == "device.yaml.validated.json"
     assert path.parent.name == "storage"
 
 
@@ -126,9 +145,8 @@ def test_load_compiled_config_happy_path(fresh_cache_files: Path) -> None:
     assert config[CONF_API]["encryption"]["key"] == "6dGhpcyBpcyBhIHRlc3Q="
     assert config["ota"][0]["password"] == "secret"
 
-    # The fast path loads without per-node source ranges (the full
-    # contract lives in test_yaml_util; this checks the flag is wired up).
-    assert not isinstance(config[CONF_ESPHOME][CONF_NAME], ESPHomeDataBase)
+    # The fast path loads plain scalars; no per-node source ranges exist.
+    assert type(config[CONF_ESPHOME][CONF_NAME]) is str
 
     # apply_to_core populated exactly what upload/logs read off CORE.
     assert CORE.name == "lite_test"
@@ -147,7 +165,7 @@ def test_load_compiled_config_populates_esp32_variant(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
     storage_dir = tmp_path / ".esphome" / "storage"
     _write_storage(storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.json", esp_platform="ESP32S3")
-    cache = _write_cache(storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.validated.yaml")
+    cache = _write_cache(storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.validated.json")
     _set_cache_mtime(cache, yaml_path, offset=5)
 
     assert load_compiled_config(yaml_path) is not None
@@ -168,7 +186,7 @@ def test_load_compiled_config_skips_esp32_block_for_other_platforms(
         esp_platform="ESP8266",
         core_platform="esp8266",
     )
-    cache = _write_cache(storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.validated.yaml")
+    cache = _write_cache(storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.validated.json")
     _set_cache_mtime(cache, yaml_path, offset=5)
 
     assert load_compiled_config(yaml_path) is not None
@@ -185,7 +203,7 @@ def test_load_compiled_config_falls_back(tmp_path: Path, scenario: str) -> None:
     yaml_path.write_text("esphome:\n  name: lite_test\n")
     CORE.config_path = yaml_path
     storage_dir = tmp_path / ".esphome" / "storage"
-    cache_path = storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.validated.yaml"
+    cache_path = storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.validated.json"
     sidecar_path = storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.json"
 
     if scenario == "missing_cache":
@@ -196,7 +214,7 @@ def test_load_compiled_config_falls_back(tmp_path: Path, scenario: str) -> None:
     elif scenario == "corrupt_cache":
         _write_storage(sidecar_path)
         _set_cache_mtime(
-            _write_cache(cache_path, "not: valid: yaml: ["), yaml_path, offset=5
+            _write_cache(cache_path, '{"v": 1, "config": {'), yaml_path, offset=5
         )
     elif scenario == "missing_sidecar":
         # Cache fresh + parseable, but no StorageJSON → can't populate CORE.
@@ -205,6 +223,108 @@ def test_load_compiled_config_falls_back(tmp_path: Path, scenario: str) -> None:
     assert load_compiled_config(yaml_path) is None
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "body",
+    [
+        pytest.param(
+            json.dumps(
+                {"v": 999, "esphome": const.__version__, "config": {"esphome": {}}}
+            ),
+            id="wrong_version",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            json.dumps({"esphome": const.__version__, "config": {"esphome": {}}}),
+            id="missing_version",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            json.dumps({"v": 1, "esphome": "2020.1.0", "config": {"esphome": {}}}),
+            id="other_esphome_version",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            json.dumps({"v": 1, "config": {"esphome": {}}}),
+            id="missing_esphome_version",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            json.dumps(
+                {
+                    "v": 1,
+                    "esphome": const.__version__,
+                    "config": ["not", "a", "dict"],
+                }
+            ),
+            id="non_dict_config",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            json.dumps({"v": 1, "esphome": const.__version__}), id="missing_config"
+        ),
+        pytest.param(json.dumps(["not", "an", "envelope"]), id="non_dict_envelope"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_load_compiled_config_rejects_bad_envelope(
+    primed_storage: Path, body: str
+) -> None:
+    """A foreign or future cache shape falls back instead of half-loading."""
+    storage_dir = primed_storage.parent / ".esphome" / "storage"
+    cache = _write_cache(storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.validated.json", body)
+    _set_cache_mtime(cache, primed_storage, offset=5)
+
+    assert load_compiled_config(primed_storage) is None
+
+
+def test_load_ignores_legacy_yaml_cache(primed_storage: Path) -> None:
+    """A fresh pre-JSON ``.validated.yaml`` alone can't drive the fast path."""
+    storage_dir = primed_storage.parent / ".esphome" / "storage"
+    legacy = _write_cache(
+        storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.validated.yaml", "esphome:\n  name: lite_test\n"
+    )
+    _set_cache_mtime(legacy, primed_storage, offset=5)
+
+    assert load_compiled_config(primed_storage) is None
+
+
+def test_save_removes_stale_legacy_yaml_cache(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A successful save leaves only the JSON cache behind."""
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "lite_test.yaml"
+    legacy = tmp_path / ".esphome" / "storage" / "lite_test.yaml.validated.yaml"
+    legacy.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    legacy.write_text("esphome:\n  name: lite_test\n")
+
+    save_compiled_config({"esphome": {"name": "lite_test"}})
+
+    assert compiled_config_path("lite_test.yaml").is_file()
+    assert not legacy.exists()
+
+
+def test_save_removes_legacy_yaml_even_when_write_fails(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """The secret-bearing legacy cache goes away regardless of write outcome."""
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "lite_test.yaml"
+    legacy = tmp_path / ".esphome" / "storage" / "lite_test.yaml.validated.yaml"
+    legacy.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    legacy.write_text("esphome:\n  name: lite_test\n")
+
+    with patch("esphome.compiled_config.write_file", side_effect=RuntimeError("boom")):
+        save_compiled_config({"esphome": {"name": "lite_test"}})
+
+    assert not legacy.exists()
+    assert not compiled_config_path("lite_test.yaml").exists()
+
+
+def test_save_warns_when_legacy_cache_unremovable(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A secret-bearing legacy file that won't unlink warns; the write proceeds."""
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "lite_test.yaml"
+    legacy = tmp_path / ".esphome" / "storage" / "lite_test.yaml.validated.yaml"
+    legacy.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    legacy.mkdir()  # unlink() on a directory raises OSError
+
+    with caplog.at_level("WARNING", logger="esphome.compiled_config"):
+        save_compiled_config({"esphome": {"name": "lite_test"}})
+
+    assert "legacy validated-config cache" in caplog.text
+    assert compiled_config_path("lite_test.yaml").is_file()
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("command", ["upload", "logs"])
 def test_run_esphome_upload_and_logs_use_cache_when_fresh(
     command: str,
@@ -253,31 +373,291 @@ def test_run_esphome_upload_and_logs_fall_back_when_no_cache(
     mock_read.assert_called_once()
 
 
-def test_run_esphome_upload_does_not_refresh_cache_without_sidecar(
-    tmp_path: Path,
-) -> None:
-    """Without a StorageJSON sidecar (no compile has run), the fallback
-    skips the cache write -- load_compiled_config requires the sidecar,
-    so writing the rendered (secret-resolved) YAML would be inert and
-    leak secrets to disk for nothing."""
+def _storage_fixture(tmp_path: Path) -> StorageJSON:
+    """A loaded StorageJSON instance matching _write_storage's contents."""
+    fixture = tmp_path / "fixture_storage.json"
+    _write_storage(fixture)
+    return StorageJSON.load(fixture)
+
+
+def _bare_yaml(tmp_path: Path) -> Path:
+    """A minimal YAML with CORE.config_path pointed at it."""
     yaml_path = tmp_path / "lite_test.yaml"
     yaml_path.write_text("esphome:\n  name: lite_test\n")
     CORE.config_path = yaml_path
+    return yaml_path
 
+
+@contextmanager
+def _fallback_run(command: str = "upload", **from_core_kwargs) -> Any:
+    """Patch the fallback path's collaborators for a run_esphome call.
+
+    Without kwargs, from_esphome_core stays real (yielded mock is None).
+    """
     with (
         patch(
             "esphome.config.read_config",
             return_value={"esphome": {"name": "lite_test"}},
-        ),
-        patch("esphome.compiled_config.save_compiled_config") as mock_save,
+        ) as mock_read,
         patch.dict(
             "esphome.__main__.POST_CONFIG_ACTIONS",
-            {"upload": lambda args, config: 0},
+            {command: lambda args, config: 0},
         ),
     ):
-        run_esphome(["esphome", "upload", str(yaml_path)])
+        if not from_core_kwargs:
+            yield mock_read, None
+            return
+        with patch.object(
+            StorageJSON, "from_esphome_core", **from_core_kwargs
+        ) as mock_from_core:
+            yield mock_read, mock_from_core
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("command", ["upload", "logs"])
+def test_run_esphome_fallback_writes_sidecar_and_cache_without_sidecar(
+    tmp_path: Path, command: str
+) -> None:
+    """A never-compiled config caches on its first upload/logs run: the
+    fallback writes the StorageJSON sidecar itself (load_compiled_config
+    needs it), so the second run hits the fast path."""
+    yaml_path = _bare_yaml(tmp_path)
+    storage_dir = tmp_path / ".esphome" / "storage"
+
+    with _fallback_run(command, return_value=_storage_fixture(tmp_path)) as (
+        mock_read,
+        mock_from_core,
+    ):
+        assert run_esphome(["esphome", command, str(yaml_path)]) == 0
+        mock_from_core.assert_called_once()
+        assert (storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.validated.json").exists()
+        storage = StorageJSON.load(storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.json")
+        assert storage is not None
+        # No compile happened, so the sidecar must not claim one.
+        assert mock_from_core.call_args.kwargs == {"claim_build": False}
+
+        # The second run loads the cache instead of re-validating.
+        assert run_esphome(["esphome", command, str(yaml_path)]) == 0
+        mock_read.assert_called_once()
+
+
+# as_dict serialized unset paths as str(None) until 2026.9; files
+# written by those wizards are still on disk.
+_WIZARD_SIDECAR_CASES = pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "wizard_kwargs",
+    [
+        {"esp_platform": None, "core_platform": None, "build_path": None},
+        {"build_path": None},
+        {"build_path": "None"},
+    ],
+    ids=["legacy_wizard", "modern_wizard", "none_string_wizard"],
+)
+
+
+def _prime_core(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Set the post-validation CORE state from_esphome_core reads."""
+    CORE.name = "lite_test"
+    CORE.build_path = tmp_path / "build" / "lite_test"
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {
+        KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: "esp8266",
+        KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK: "arduino",
+    }
+
+
+@_WIZARD_SIDECAR_CASES
+def test_run_esphome_fallback_completes_wizard_sidecar(
+    tmp_path: Path, wizard_kwargs: dict[str, Any]
+) -> None:
+    """A wizard-written sidecar can't drive the fast path (no build_path;
+    older wizards also no platform fields); the fallback rewrites it from
+    CORE so the cache loads on the next run."""
+    yaml_path = _bare_yaml(tmp_path)
+    storage_dir = tmp_path / ".esphome" / "storage"
+    _write_storage(storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.json", **wizard_kwargs)
+
+    with _fallback_run(return_value=_storage_fixture(tmp_path)) as (_, mock_from_core):
+        assert run_esphome(["esphome", "upload", str(yaml_path)]) == 0
+
+    mock_from_core.assert_called_once()
+    storage = StorageJSON.load(storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.json")
+    assert storage is not None and storage.core_platform == "esp32"
+    # What the wizard recorded about a build (nothing, or a real one)
+    # carries through instead of being stamped with this run's values.
+    assert storage.esphome_version == "2026.1.0"
+    assert load_compiled_config(yaml_path) is not None
+
+
+def test_run_esphome_fallback_skips_cache_when_sidecar_write_fails(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """A failed sidecar write is non-fatal and skips the cache save too:
+    without the sidecar the cache could never be loaded back, so writing
+    it would only leave resolved secrets on disk."""
+    yaml_path = _bare_yaml(tmp_path)
+
+    with (
+        _fallback_run(side_effect=RuntimeError("boom")),
+        patch("esphome.compiled_config.save_compiled_config") as mock_save,
+    ):
+        assert run_esphome(["esphome", "upload", str(yaml_path)]) == 0
 
     mock_save.assert_not_called()
+    assert not (tmp_path / ".esphome" / "storage" / "lite_test.yaml.json").exists()
+
+
+def test_run_esphome_fallback_write_failure_takes_io_branch(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """StorageJSON.save raises EsphomeError (write_file wraps OSError into
+    it), which must land in the plain I/O warning, not the traceback
+    branch for structural bugs."""
+    yaml_path = _bare_yaml(tmp_path)
+
+    with (
+        _fallback_run(return_value=_storage_fixture(tmp_path)),
+        patch.object(StorageJSON, "save", side_effect=EsphomeError("boom")),
+        patch("esphome.compiled_config.save_compiled_config") as mock_save,
+        caplog.at_level("WARNING", logger="esphome.compiled_config"),
+    ):
+        assert run_esphome(["esphome", "upload", str(yaml_path)]) == 0
+
+    mock_save.assert_not_called()
+    assert "Could not refresh the storage sidecar" in caplog.text
+    assert "Unexpected error" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_run_esphome_fallback_leaves_unreadable_sidecar_alone(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A present-but-corrupt sidecar is not overwritten: it may hold a real
+    build's metadata, and replacing it would suppress the next compile's
+    clean of a possibly incoherent build tree. The cache save is skipped."""
+    yaml_path = _bare_yaml(tmp_path)
+    storage_dir = tmp_path / ".esphome" / "storage"
+    sidecar = storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.json"
+    sidecar.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    sidecar.write_text("{truncated", encoding="utf-8")
+
+    with _fallback_run(return_value=None) as (_, mock_from_core):
+        assert run_esphome(["esphome", "upload", str(yaml_path)]) == 0
+
+    mock_from_core.assert_not_called()
+    assert sidecar.read_text(encoding="utf-8") == "{truncated"
+    assert not (storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.validated.json").exists()
+
+
+def test_run_esphome_fallback_skips_cache_when_rebuilt_sidecar_incomplete(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """If the rebuilt sidecar would still be incomplete, nothing is written:
+    the cache could never be loaded back, so saving it would only rewrite
+    resolved secrets on every run."""
+    yaml_path = _bare_yaml(tmp_path)
+    storage_dir = tmp_path / ".esphome" / "storage"
+
+    incomplete = tmp_path / "incomplete_storage.json"
+    _write_storage(incomplete, build_path=None)
+
+    with _fallback_run(return_value=StorageJSON.load(incomplete)):
+        assert run_esphome(["esphome", "upload", str(yaml_path)]) == 0
+
+    assert not (storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.json").exists()
+    assert not (storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.validated.json").exists()
+
+
+def test_run_esphome_fallback_sidecar_records_platformio_toolchain(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """The toolchain fallback runs before the sidecar write, so platforms
+    whose validators leave CORE.toolchain unset record the same
+    "platformio" a compile writes, not null."""
+    yaml_path = _bare_yaml(tmp_path)
+    _prime_core(tmp_path)
+    assert CORE.toolchain is None
+
+    with _fallback_run():
+        assert run_esphome(["esphome", "upload", str(yaml_path)]) == 0
+
+    storage = StorageJSON.load(
+        tmp_path / ".esphome" / "storage" / "lite_test.yaml.json"
+    )
+    assert storage is not None
+    assert storage.toolchain == "platformio"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("existing_sidecar", [None, "wizard"])
+def test_run_esphome_fallback_skips_sidecar_when_build_tree_exists(
+    tmp_path: Path, existing_sidecar: str | None
+) -> None:
+    """An existing build tree with a missing or wizard-only sidecar keeps
+    it that way: the mismatch is what makes the next compile wipe the
+    unknown tree, so the fallback writes nothing and skips the cache."""
+    yaml_path = _bare_yaml(tmp_path)
+    _prime_core(tmp_path)
+    CORE.build_path.mkdir(parents=True)
+    storage_dir = tmp_path / ".esphome" / "storage"
+    if existing_sidecar == "wizard":
+        _write_storage(storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.json", build_path=None)
+        wizard_body = (storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+
+    with _fallback_run(return_value=_storage_fixture(tmp_path)) as (_, mock_from_core):
+        assert run_esphome(["esphome", "upload", str(yaml_path)]) == 0
+
+    mock_from_core.assert_not_called()
+    assert not (storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.validated.json").exists()
+    if existing_sidecar == "wizard":
+        sidecar_body = (storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+        assert sidecar_body == wizard_body
+    else:
+        assert not (storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.json").exists()
+
+
+def test_save_compiled_config_and_sidecar_builds_real_sidecar(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Drive the real from_esphome_core on the fallback path: the
+    post-validation CORE state yields a complete, loadable sidecar."""
+    yaml_path = _bare_yaml(tmp_path)
+    _prime_core(tmp_path)
+    CORE.config = {CONF_ESPHOME: {CONF_NAME: "lite_test"}}
+    CORE.toolchain = Toolchain.PLATFORMIO
+
+    save_compiled_config_and_sidecar(CORE.config)
+
+    storage = StorageJSON.load(
+        tmp_path / ".esphome" / "storage" / "lite_test.yaml.json"
+    )
+    assert storage is not None
+    assert storage.core_platform == "esp8266"
+    assert storage.build_path is not None
+    # No compile happened, so the sidecar must not claim one.
+    assert storage.esphome_version is None
+    assert storage.firmware_bin_path is None
+    assert load_compiled_config(yaml_path) is not None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("sidecar_toolchain", "saved"),
+    [
+        ("esp-idf", False),
+        ("platformio", True),
+        (None, True),  # legacy sidecar without the field: guard is inert
+    ],
+)
+def test_save_compiled_config_and_sidecar_toolchain_mismatch(
+    tmp_path: Path, sidecar_toolchain: str | None, saved: bool
+) -> None:
+    """A config validated under a different toolchain than the compile's
+    must not overwrite the cache."""
+    yaml_path = _bare_yaml(tmp_path)
+    _prime_core(tmp_path)
+    CORE.config = {CONF_ESPHOME: {CONF_NAME: "lite_test"}}
+    CORE.toolchain = Toolchain.PLATFORMIO
+    _write_storage(
+        tmp_path / ".esphome" / "storage" / "lite_test.yaml.json",
+        toolchain=sidecar_toolchain,
+    )
+
+    save_compiled_config_and_sidecar(CORE.config)
+
+    cache = tmp_path / ".esphome" / "storage" / "lite_test.yaml.validated.json"
+    assert cache.exists() is saved
+    assert (load_compiled_config(yaml_path) is not None) is saved
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("command", ["upload", "logs"])
@@ -293,7 +673,7 @@ def test_run_esphome_upload_and_logs_refresh_cache_on_fallback(
 
     storage_dir = tmp_path / ".esphome" / "storage"
     _write_storage(storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.json")
-    cache = _write_cache(storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.validated.yaml")
+    cache = _write_cache(storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.validated.json")
     _set_cache_mtime(cache, yaml_path, offset=-60)  # stale
 
     fresh_config = {"esphome": {"name": "lite_test"}, "logger": {}}
@@ -303,6 +683,7 @@ def test_run_esphome_upload_and_logs_refresh_cache_on_fallback(
         patch(
             "esphome.compiled_config.save_compiled_config", wraps=save_compiled_config
         ) as mock_save,
+        patch.object(StorageJSON, "from_esphome_core") as mock_from_core,
         patch.dict(
             "esphome.__main__.POST_CONFIG_ACTIONS",
             {command: lambda args, config: 0},
@@ -311,6 +692,8 @@ def test_run_esphome_upload_and_logs_refresh_cache_on_fallback(
         assert run_esphome(["esphome", command, str(yaml_path)]) == 0
 
     mock_save.assert_called_once_with(fresh_config)
+    # The compile-written sidecar is complete; the fallback leaves it alone.
+    mock_from_core.assert_not_called()
     # mtime is now newer than the source YAML, so a follow-up call hits
     # the fast path instead of repeating read_config.
     assert cache.stat().st_mtime >= yaml_path.stat().st_mtime
@@ -386,47 +769,171 @@ def test_run_esphome_compile_does_not_use_cache(fresh_cache_files: Path) -> None
 
 
 def test_save_compiled_config_writes_cache(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-    """`save_compiled_config` writes the dumped YAML next to the sidecar."""
+    """`save_compiled_config` writes the JSON envelope next to the sidecar."""
     CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "lite_test.yaml"
     save_compiled_config({"esphome": {"name": "lite_test"}, "logger": {}})
 
     cache_path = compiled_config_path("lite_test.yaml")
     assert cache_path.is_file()
-    body = cache_path.read_text()
-    assert "name: lite_test" in body
-    assert "logger:" in body
+    envelope = json.loads(cache_path.read_text())
+    assert envelope["v"] == 1
+    assert envelope["esphome"] == const.__version__
+    assert envelope["config"] == {"esphome": {"name": "lite_test"}, "logger": {}}
 
 
-def test_save_compiled_config_swallows_dump_errors(
+def test_save_compiled_config_swallows_write_errors(
     tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
 ) -> None:
-    """Failures during the dump are non-fatal -- a bad cache just means
+    """Failures during the write are non-fatal -- a bad cache just means
     the next fast path falls back to read_config()."""
     CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "lite_test.yaml"
-    with patch("esphome.yaml_util.dump", side_effect=RuntimeError("boom")):
+    with patch("esphome.compiled_config.write_file", side_effect=RuntimeError("boom")):
         save_compiled_config({"esphome": {"name": "lite_test"}})
     assert not compiled_config_path("lite_test.yaml").exists()
 
 
-def test_load_compiled_config_rejects_wizard_only_sidecar(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-    """A wizard-only sidecar (no compile -- no core_platform / target_platform)
-    can't drive upload/logs, so the fast path falls back."""
-    yaml_path = tmp_path / "lite_test.yaml"
-    yaml_path.write_text("esphome:\n  name: lite_test\n")
-    CORE.config_path = yaml_path
+def test_save_stringifies_unknown_values(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A type with no dedicated encoding stores its string form."""
 
-    storage_dir = tmp_path / ".esphome" / "storage"
-    storage_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    # StorageJSON with both core_platform and target_platform unset.
-    (storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.json").write_text(
-        '{"storage_version": 1, "name": "lite_test", "friendly_name": null, '
-        '"comment": null, "esphome_version": null, "src_version": 1, '
-        '"address": null, "web_port": null, "esp_platform": null, '
-        '"build_path": null, "firmware_bin_path": null, '
-        '"loaded_integrations": [], "loaded_platforms": [], "no_mdns": false, '
-        '"framework": null, "core_platform": null}'
+    class Weird:
+        def __str__(self) -> str:
+            return "weird-str"
+
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "lite_test.yaml"
+    save_compiled_config({"esphome": {"name": "lite_test", "weird": Weird()}})
+    envelope = json.loads(compiled_config_path("lite_test.yaml").read_text())
+    assert envelope["config"]["esphome"]["weird"] == "weird-str"
+
+
+def test_save_skips_cache_on_unserializable_key(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A non-basic dict key aborts the write; the fast path falls back."""
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "lite_test.yaml"
+    save_compiled_config({"esphome": {("a", "b"): "lite_test"}})
+    assert not compiled_config_path("lite_test.yaml").exists()
+
+
+def _normalize(value: Any) -> Any:
+    """Make Lambda comparable; everything else compares by value already."""
+    if isinstance(value, Lambda):
+        return ("__lambda__", value.value)
+    if isinstance(value, dict):
+        return {k: _normalize(v) for k, v in value.items()}
+    if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
+        return [_normalize(v) for v in value]
+    return value
+
+
+def _round_trip_config() -> OrderedDict:
+    """A post-validation shaped config exercising every representer type."""
+    return OrderedDict(
+        {
+            "esphome": OrderedDict(
+                {
+                    "name": "lite_test",
+                    "build_path": Path("/build/lite_test"),
+                    "on_boot": [
+                        OrderedDict(
+                            {
+                                "trigger_id": ID("trigger_1", type="Trigger"),
+                                "then": [{"lambda": Lambda('ESP_LOGD("t", "x");')}],
+                            }
+                        )
+                    ],
+                }
+            ),
+            "wifi": OrderedDict(
+                {
+                    "id": ID("wifi_id", type="WiFiComponent"),
+                    "reboot_timeout": TimePeriodMilliseconds(milliseconds=900000),
+                    "use_address": IPv4Address("192.168.1.42"),
+                    "subnet": IPv4Network("192.168.1.0/24"),
+                    "mac": MACAddress(0xDE, 0xAD, 0xBE, 0xEF, 0x00, 0x01),
+                }
+            ),
+            "misc": OrderedDict(
+                {
+                    "uuid": UUID("12345678-1234-5678-1234-567812345678"),
+                    "toolchain": Toolchain.PLATFORMIO,
+                    "hex": HexInt(0x1234),
+                    "levels": (1, 2.5, True, None),
+                    "empty": {},
+                }
+            ),
+        }
     )
-    cache_path = _write_cache(storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.validated.yaml")
+
+
+def test_cache_round_trip_matches_yaml_cache(primed_storage: Path) -> None:
+    """The JSON cache loads the same tree the YAML cache used to."""
+    config = _round_trip_config()
+    save_compiled_config(config)
+    from_json = load_compiled_config(primed_storage)
+    assert from_json is not None
+
+    yaml_cache = primed_storage.parent / "dumped.yaml"
+    yaml_cache.write_text(yaml_util.dump(config, show_secrets=True))
+    from_yaml = yaml_util.load_yaml(
+        yaml_cache, clear_secrets=False, track_document_range=False
+    )
+
+    assert _normalize(from_json) == _normalize(from_yaml)
+
+
+def test_lambda_sentinel_round_trips(primed_storage: Path) -> None:
+    """A !lambda body comes back as a Lambda with the same source."""
+    body = 'id(sensor_1).publish_state(42);\nreturn "multi\\nline";'
+    save_compiled_config(
+        {
+            "esphome": {"name": "lite_test"},
+            "script": [{"then": [{"lambda": Lambda(body)}]}],
+        }
+    )
+
+    config = load_compiled_config(primed_storage)
+    assert config is not None
+    revived = config["script"][0]["then"][0]["lambda"]
+    assert isinstance(revived, Lambda)
+    assert revived.value == body
+
+
+def test_object_hook_requires_exact_shape(primed_storage: Path) -> None:
+    """Only the exact one-key string-valued sentinel revives a Lambda."""
+    storage_dir = primed_storage.parent / ".esphome" / "storage"
+    config = {
+        "esphome": {"name": "lite_test"},
+        "extra_key": {_LAMBDA_KEY: "x", "y": 1},
+        "non_str": {_LAMBDA_KEY: 5},
+    }
+    cache = _write_cache(
+        storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.validated.json", _cache_body(config)
+    )
+    _set_cache_mtime(cache, primed_storage, offset=5)
+
+    loaded = load_compiled_config(primed_storage)
+    assert loaded is not None
+    assert loaded["extra_key"] == {_LAMBDA_KEY: "x", "y": 1}
+    assert loaded["non_str"] == {_LAMBDA_KEY: 5}
+
+
+def test_int_keys_coerce_to_strings(primed_storage: Path) -> None:
+    """Non-str basic keys stringify; validated configs only use string keys."""
+    save_compiled_config({"esphome": {"name": "lite_test"}, "table": {1: "a", 2: "b"}})
+
+    config = load_compiled_config(primed_storage)
+    assert config is not None
+    assert config["table"] == {"1": "a", "2": "b"}
+
+
+@_WIZARD_SIDECAR_CASES
+def test_load_compiled_config_rejects_wizard_only_sidecar(
+    tmp_path: Path, wizard_kwargs: dict[str, Any]
+) -> None:
+    """A wizard-written sidecar (no build_path; older wizards also no
+    platform fields) can't drive upload/logs, so the fast path falls back."""
+    yaml_path = _bare_yaml(tmp_path)
+    storage_dir = tmp_path / ".esphome" / "storage"
+    _write_storage(storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.json", **wizard_kwargs)
+    cache_path = _write_cache(storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.validated.json")
     _set_cache_mtime(cache_path, yaml_path, offset=5)
 
     assert load_compiled_config(yaml_path) is None
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_config_helpers.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_config_helpers.py
index 1c850e3759..e53016dfc3 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_config_helpers.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_config_helpers.py
@@ -3,7 +3,14 @@
 from collections.abc import Callable
 from unittest.mock import patch
 
-from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_platform, get_logger_level
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.config_helpers import (
+    filter_source_files_from_defines,
+    filter_source_files_from_platform,
+    frameworks_for_platforms,
+    get_logger_level,
+)
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_LEVEL,
     CONF_LOGGER,
@@ -12,6 +19,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM,
     PlatformFramework,
 )
+from esphome.core import Define
 
 
 def test_filter_source_files_from_platform_esp32() -> None:
@@ -133,3 +141,34 @@ def test_get_logger_level() -> None:
     mock_config = {CONF_LOGGER: {}}
     with patch("esphome.config_helpers.CORE.config", mock_config):
         assert get_logger_level() == "DEBUG"
+
+
+def test_frameworks_for_platforms_derives_and_rejects_unknown() -> None:
+    assert frameworks_for_platforms(["esp32"]) == {
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_ARDUINO,
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+    }
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="unknown platform"):
+        frameworks_for_platforms(["esp32", "not_a_platform"])
+
+
+def test_filter_source_files_from_defines() -> None:
+    """Files are excluded unless one of their defines is set."""
+    files_map: dict[str, str | tuple[str, ...]] = {
+        "filter.cpp": "USE_SENSOR_FILTER",
+        "automation.cpp": ("USE_CLICK", "USE_MULTI_CLICK"),
+    }
+    filter_func: Callable[[], list[str]] = filter_source_files_from_defines(files_map)
+
+    with patch("esphome.config_helpers.CORE") as mock_core:
+        mock_core.defines = {Define("USE_SENSOR_FILTER")}
+        assert filter_func() == ["automation.cpp"]
+
+        mock_core.defines = {Define("USE_MULTI_CLICK")}
+        assert filter_func() == ["filter.cpp"]
+
+        mock_core.defines = {Define("USE_SENSOR_FILTER"), Define("USE_CLICK")}
+        assert filter_func() == []
+
+        mock_core.defines = set()
+        assert sorted(filter_func()) == ["automation.cpp", "filter.cpp"]
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_config_normalization.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_config_normalization.py
index c8b7b63094..04363ad45b 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_config_normalization.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_config_normalization.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from unittest.mock import MagicMock, Mock, patch
 
 import pytest
 
-from esphome import config, yaml_util
+from esphome import config, config_validation as cv, yaml_util
 from esphome.core import CORE, AutoLoad
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
@@ -127,12 +127,14 @@ def _run_load_step(
     domain: str,
     conf: object,
     migrate: Callable[[ConfigType], list | None] | None,
+    expand: Callable[[list], list] | None = None,
 ) -> config.Config:
-    """Run a LoadValidationStep for a platform component with a given migrate hook."""
+    """Run a LoadValidationStep for a platform component with given hooks."""
     component = Mock()
     component.is_platform_component = True
     component.multi_conf_no_default = False
     component.legacy_config_migrate = migrate
+    component.expand_platform_config = expand
 
     result = config.Config()
     with (
@@ -197,6 +199,124 @@ def test_legacy_migrate_skipped_for_autoload() -> None:
     assert result["image"] == [auto]
 
 
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# EXPAND_PLATFORM_CONFIG hook on LoadValidationStep -- permanent counterpart
+# to legacy_config_migrate; runs after legacy migration/list normalization.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_expand_hook_rewrites_conf() -> None:
+    """A config the expand hook rewrites is replaced with the expanded list."""
+    expanded = [{"platform": "file", "id": "a"}, {"platform": "file", "id": "b"}]
+    expand = Mock(return_value=expanded)
+
+    result = _run_load_step("image", [{"platform": "file", "id": "a"}], None, expand)
+
+    expand.assert_called_once_with([{"platform": "file", "id": "a"}])
+    assert result["image"] == expanded
+
+
+def test_expand_hook_absent_is_noop() -> None:
+    """A platform component without the hook is left as normalized by the
+    existing list-wrapping logic."""
+    result = _run_load_step("image", [{"platform": "file", "id": "a"}], None, None)
+
+    assert result["image"] == [{"platform": "file", "id": "a"}]
+
+
+def test_expand_hook_runs_after_legacy_migrate() -> None:
+    """The expand hook sees the already-migrated list, not the raw legacy conf."""
+    migrated = [{"platform": "file", "id": "a"}]
+    migrate = Mock(return_value=migrated)
+    expand = Mock(side_effect=lambda conf: conf)
+
+    _run_load_step("image", [{"id": "a", "file": "x.png"}], migrate, expand)
+
+    expand.assert_called_once_with(migrated)
+
+
+def test_expand_hook_skipped_for_non_dict_entry() -> None:
+    """Malformed entries are left alone; the hook only sees `platform:`-tagged dicts."""
+    expand = Mock(side_effect=lambda conf: conf)
+
+    result = _run_load_step("image", ["not-a-dict"], None, expand)
+
+    expand.assert_not_called()
+    assert result["image"] == ["not-a-dict"]
+
+
+def test_expand_hook_skipped_for_entry_missing_platform_key() -> None:
+    """A dict entry missing the `platform:` key is left alone -- the normal
+    per-entry error reporting further down catches this case instead."""
+    expand = Mock(side_effect=lambda conf: conf)
+
+    result = _run_load_step("image", [{"id": "a"}], None, expand)
+
+    expand.assert_not_called()
+    assert result["image"] == [{"id": "a"}]
+
+
+def test_expand_hook_skipped_for_autoload() -> None:
+    """A non-empty AutoLoad reaching the hook stage is left alone."""
+    expand = Mock(side_effect=lambda conf: conf)
+    auto = AutoLoad()
+    auto["id"] = "a"
+
+    result = _run_load_step("image", auto, None, expand)
+
+    expand.assert_not_called()
+    assert result["image"] == [auto]
+
+
+def test_expand_hook_runs_when_all_entries_are_platform_tagged_dicts() -> None:
+    """The guard does not block the normal, well-formed case."""
+    expand = Mock(side_effect=lambda conf: conf)
+    conf = [{"platform": "file", "id": "a"}, {"platform": "animation", "id": "b"}]
+
+    result = _run_load_step("image", conf, None, expand)
+
+    expand.assert_called_once_with(conf)
+    assert result["image"] == conf
+
+
+def test_expand_hook_invalid_reports_single_error_at_domain_path() -> None:
+    """A `cv.Invalid` from the hook is reported once with the domain path prepended; no further validation runs."""
+    expand = Mock(side_effect=cv.Invalid("bad shape"))
+    pre_expand_conf = [{"platform": "file", "id": "a"}]
+
+    result = _run_load_step("image", pre_expand_conf, None, expand)
+
+    assert len(result.errors) == 1
+    assert result.errors[0].path == ["image"]
+    assert "bad shape" in str(result.errors[0])
+    assert result["image"] == pre_expand_conf
+
+
+def test_expand_hook_final_external_invalid_reports_without_path_prepend() -> None:
+    """`cv.FinalExternalInvalid` keeps its already-resolved path (no domain path prepended)."""
+    already_resolved_error = cv.FinalExternalInvalid(
+        "bad shape", path=["image", 3, "files"]
+    )
+    expand = Mock(side_effect=already_resolved_error)
+    pre_expand_conf = [{"platform": "file", "id": "a"}]
+
+    result = _run_load_step("image", pre_expand_conf, None, expand)
+
+    assert len(result.errors) == 1
+    assert result.errors[0] is already_resolved_error
+    assert result.errors[0].path == ["image", 3, "files"]
+    assert result["image"] == pre_expand_conf
+
+
+def test_expand_hook_non_list_return_raises_type_error() -> None:
+    """A non-list return is a component bug: it escapes as an uncaught TypeError
+    (explicit raise survives -O/-OO)."""
+    expand = Mock(return_value={"not": "a list"})
+
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="must return a list"):
+        _run_load_step("image", [{"platform": "file", "id": "a"}], None, expand)
+
+
 def _write_merge_conflict_config(tmp_path: Path, *, suppress: bool) -> Path:
     """Create a config where two `<<` includes both define `logger:`.
 
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_config_prefetch.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_config_prefetch.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..afb93a09a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_config_prefetch.py
@@ -0,0 +1,355 @@
+"""Tests for the remote file prefetch validation step."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from pathlib import Path
+from types import SimpleNamespace
+from typing import Any
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome import core
+from esphome.config import Config, PrefetchRemoteFilesValidationStep
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.external_files import RemoteFile
+
+
+def _component(prefetch: Any = None, is_platform: bool = False) -> SimpleNamespace:
+    return SimpleNamespace(
+        is_platform_component=is_platform,
+        prefetch_files=prefetch,
+    )
+
+
+def _run_step(
+    domains: dict[str, Any],
+    components: dict[str, Any],
+    platforms: dict[tuple[str, str], Any] | None = None,
+    download_side_effect: Any = None,
+) -> tuple[Config, MagicMock]:
+    result = Config()
+    for domain, conf in domains.items():
+        result[domain] = conf
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.config.get_component", side_effect=components.get),
+        patch(
+            "esphome.config.get_platform",
+            side_effect=lambda d, p: (platforms or {}).get((d, p)),
+        ),
+        patch(
+            "esphome.external_files.download_content_many",
+            side_effect=download_side_effect,
+        ) as mock_download,
+    ):
+        PrefetchRemoteFilesValidationStep().run(result)
+    return result, mock_download
+
+
+def _downloaded(mock_download: MagicMock, call: int = 0) -> list[RemoteFile]:
+    return list(mock_download.call_args_list[call][0][0])
+
+
+def test_component_hook_receives_normalized_entries() -> None:
+    """A bare dict conf is passed to the hook as a one-entry list."""
+    seen: list[Any] = []
+
+    def hook(entries: list[dict]) -> Iterable[list[RemoteFile]]:
+        seen.append(entries)
+        yield [RemoteFile("https://example.com/a", Path("/cache/a"))]
+
+    _, mock_download = _run_step(
+        {"my_comp": {"key": "value"}},
+        {"my_comp": _component(prefetch=hook)},
+    )
+
+    assert seen == [[{"key": "value"}]]
+    mock_download.assert_called_once()
+    assert _downloaded(mock_download) == [
+        RemoteFile("https://example.com/a", Path("/cache/a"))
+    ]
+
+
+def test_platform_entries_are_grouped_per_platform() -> None:
+    """Platform domains route entries to each platform module's hook."""
+    seen_a: list[Any] = []
+    seen_b: list[Any] = []
+
+    def hook_a(entries: list[dict]) -> Iterable[list[RemoteFile]]:
+        seen_a.extend(entries)
+        yield [RemoteFile("url-a", Path("/a"))]
+
+    def hook_b(entries: list[dict]) -> Iterable[list[RemoteFile]]:
+        seen_b.extend(entries)
+        yield [RemoteFile("url-b", Path("/b"))]
+
+    entries = [
+        {"platform": "a", "n": 1},
+        {"platform": "b", "n": 2},
+        {"platform": "a", "n": 3},
+    ]
+    _, mock_download = _run_step(
+        {"image": entries},
+        {"image": _component(is_platform=True)},
+        platforms={
+            ("image", "a"): _component(prefetch=hook_a),
+            ("image", "b"): _component(prefetch=hook_b),
+        },
+    )
+
+    assert seen_a == [entries[0], entries[2]]
+    assert seen_b == [entries[1]]
+    assert sorted(_downloaded(mock_download), key=lambda f: f.url) == [
+        RemoteFile("url-a", Path("/a")),
+        RemoteFile("url-b", Path("/b")),
+    ]
+
+
+def test_hook_failure_does_not_fail_validation(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A raising hook is logged and other hooks still prefetch."""
+
+    def bad_hook(entries: list[dict]) -> list[RemoteFile]:
+        raise RuntimeError("garbage config")
+
+    def good_hook(entries: list[dict]) -> Iterable[list[RemoteFile]]:
+        yield [RemoteFile("url", Path("/g"))]
+
+    _, mock_download = _run_step(
+        {"bad": {"x": 1}, "good": {"y": 2}},
+        {
+            "bad": _component(prefetch=bad_hook),
+            "good": _component(prefetch=good_hook),
+        },
+    )
+
+    assert "Remote file prefetch for bad failed" in caplog.text
+    assert _downloaded(mock_download) == [RemoteFile("url", Path("/g"))]
+
+
+def test_stages_download_between_resumptions() -> None:
+    """Each yielded stage is downloaded before the generator resumes."""
+    order: list[str] = []
+
+    def hook(entries: list[dict]) -> Iterable[list[RemoteFile]]:
+        order.append("stage1")
+        yield [RemoteFile("css-url", Path("/css"))]
+        order.append("stage2")
+        yield [RemoteFile("ttf-url", Path("/ttf"))]
+
+    def record_download(items: Any, description: str) -> None:
+        order.append(f"download:{[file.url for file in items]}")
+
+    _, mock_download = _run_step(
+        {"font": {"f": 1}},
+        {"font": _component(prefetch=hook)},
+        download_side_effect=record_download,
+    )
+
+    assert order == [
+        "stage1",
+        "download:['css-url']",
+        "stage2",
+        "download:['ttf-url']",
+    ]
+    assert mock_download.call_count == 2
+
+
+def test_runaway_generator_is_capped(caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture) -> None:
+    """An endless generator stops after the stage backstop."""
+
+    def hook(entries: list[dict]) -> Iterable[list[RemoteFile]]:
+        n = 0
+        while True:
+            yield [RemoteFile(f"url-{n}", Path(f"/f{n}"))]
+            n += 1
+
+    _, mock_download = _run_step(
+        {"my_comp": {"x": 1}},
+        {"my_comp": _component(prefetch=hook)},
+    )
+
+    assert mock_download.call_count == 10
+    assert "stopped after" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_mid_stage_failure_stops_only_that_hook(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A generator raising on a later stage does not affect other hooks."""
+
+    def flaky_hook(entries: list[dict]) -> Iterable[list[RemoteFile]]:
+        yield [RemoteFile("first", Path("/first"))]
+        raise RuntimeError("stage two exploded")
+
+    def steady_hook(entries: list[dict]) -> Iterable[list[RemoteFile]]:
+        yield [RemoteFile("one", Path("/one"))]
+        yield [RemoteFile("two", Path("/two"))]
+
+    _, mock_download = _run_step(
+        {"flaky": {"x": 1}, "steady": {"y": 2}},
+        {
+            "flaky": _component(prefetch=flaky_hook),
+            "steady": _component(prefetch=steady_hook),
+        },
+    )
+
+    assert "Remote file prefetch for flaky failed" in caplog.text
+    assert mock_download.call_count == 2
+    assert _downloaded(mock_download, 1) == [RemoteFile("two", Path("/two"))]
+
+
+def test_download_failure_is_swallowed() -> None:
+    """cv.Invalid from the batch download never escapes the step."""
+
+    def hook(entries: list[dict]) -> Iterable[list[RemoteFile]]:
+        yield [RemoteFile("url", Path("/p"))]
+
+    result, mock_download = _run_step(
+        {"my_comp": {"x": 1}},
+        {"my_comp": _component(prefetch=hook)},
+        download_side_effect=cv.Invalid("download failed"),
+    )
+
+    mock_download.assert_called_once()
+    assert not result.errors
+
+
+def test_domains_without_hooks_do_not_download() -> None:
+    """Components without PREFETCH_FILES cause no download call."""
+    _, mock_download = _run_step(
+        {"plain": {"x": 1}, ".ignored": {"y": 2}, "unknown": {"z": 3}},
+        {"plain": _component()},
+    )
+    mock_download.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_none_and_autoload_confs_are_skipped() -> None:
+    """None and AutoLoad confs never reach a hook."""
+    hook = MagicMock()
+    _, mock_download = _run_step(
+        {"a": None, "b": core.AutoLoad()},
+        {"a": _component(prefetch=hook), "b": _component(prefetch=hook)},
+    )
+    hook.assert_not_called()
+    mock_download.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_non_dict_entries_are_ignored() -> None:
+    """Garbage entries never reach a component hook."""
+    hook = MagicMock()
+    _, mock_download = _run_step(
+        {"my_comp": ["just-a-string", 42]},
+        {"my_comp": _component(prefetch=hook)},
+    )
+    hook.assert_not_called()
+    mock_download.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_platform_entries_without_platform_key_are_ignored() -> None:
+    """Entries with a missing or unknown platform never reach a hook."""
+    _, mock_download = _run_step(
+        {"image": [{"n": 1}, "garbage", {"platform": "unknown"}]},
+        {"image": _component(is_platform=True)},
+    )
+    mock_download.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_generator_still_alive_at_the_cap_is_warned_and_closed(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A generator with a stage left at the cap is warned about and closed."""
+    closed: list[bool] = []
+
+    def hook(entries: list[dict]) -> Iterable[list[RemoteFile]]:
+        try:
+            for n in range(10):
+                yield [RemoteFile(f"url-{n}", Path(f"/f{n}"))]
+        finally:
+            closed.append(True)
+
+    _, mock_download = _run_step(
+        {"my_comp": {"x": 1}},
+        {"my_comp": _component(prefetch=hook)},
+    )
+
+    assert mock_download.call_count == 10
+    assert "stopped after" in caplog.text
+    assert closed == [True]
+
+
+def test_plain_iterable_hook_survives_the_cap(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A hook returning a plain list of batches cannot crash the backstop."""
+
+    def hook(entries: list[dict]) -> list[list[RemoteFile]]:
+        return [[RemoteFile(f"url-{n}", Path(f"/f{n}"))] for n in range(12)]
+
+    _, mock_download = _run_step(
+        {"my_comp": {"x": 1}},
+        {"my_comp": _component(prefetch=hook)},
+    )
+
+    assert mock_download.call_count == 10
+    assert "stopped after" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_domain_level_hook_on_platform_component() -> None:
+    """A hook on the platform component's domain module sees all entries."""
+    seen: list[Any] = []
+
+    def domain_hook(entries: list[dict]) -> Iterable[list[RemoteFile]]:
+        seen.append(entries)
+        yield [RemoteFile("domain-url", Path("/domain"))]
+
+    entries = [{"platform": "a", "n": 1}, {"platform": "b", "n": 2}]
+    _, mock_download = _run_step(
+        {"image": entries},
+        {"image": _component(prefetch=domain_hook, is_platform=True)},
+    )
+
+    assert seen == [entries]
+    assert _downloaded(mock_download) == [RemoteFile("domain-url", Path("/domain"))]
+
+
+def test_generator_raising_on_close_is_contained(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A generator whose close() raises at the cap is logged, not crashed on."""
+
+    def hook(entries: list[dict]) -> Iterable[list[RemoteFile]]:
+        try:
+            for n in range(10):
+                yield [RemoteFile(f"url-{n}", Path(f"/f{n}"))]
+        except GeneratorExit:
+            raise RuntimeError("close exploded") from None
+
+    _, mock_download = _run_step(
+        {"my_comp": {"x": 1}},
+        {"my_comp": _component(prefetch=hook)},
+    )
+
+    assert mock_download.call_count == 10
+    assert "stopped after" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_unexpected_download_error_is_logged_visibly(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A broken batch downloader warns instead of silently disabling prefetch."""
+
+    def hook(entries: list[dict]) -> Iterable[list[RemoteFile]]:
+        yield [RemoteFile("url", Path("/p"))]
+
+    result, mock_download = _run_step(
+        {"my_comp": {"x": 1}},
+        {"my_comp": _component(prefetch=hook)},
+        download_side_effect=TypeError("not a RemoteFile"),
+    )
+
+    mock_download.assert_called_once()
+    assert not result.errors
+    assert "Remote file prefetch failed" in caplog.text
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_config_validation.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_config_validation.py
index 4a4e37e5c4..457b9d017b 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_config_validation.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_config_validation.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import importlib
 import json
 import logging
 from pathlib import Path
@@ -48,6 +49,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     TYPE_GIT,
     TYPE_LOCAL,
     Framework,
+    Toolchain,
 )
 from esphome.core import (
     CORE,
@@ -932,7 +934,7 @@ def test_string_no_slash__slash_replaced_with_warning(
     actual = cv.string_no_slash(value)
     assert actual == expected
     assert "reserved as a URL path separator" in caplog.text
-    assert "will become an error in ESPHome 2026.7.0" in caplog.text
+    assert "will become an error in ESPHome 2027.7.0" in caplog.text
 
 
 def test_string_no_slash__long_string_allowed() -> None:
@@ -2563,6 +2565,52 @@ def test_returning_lambda_no_return() -> None:
         cv.returning_lambda(Lambda("int x = 5;"))
 
 
+def test_returning_lambda_return_only_in_comment() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="return statement"):
+        cv.returning_lambda(Lambda("// return 5;\nint x = 5;"))
+
+
+def test_returning_lambda_missing_semicolon_is_accepted() -> None:
+    """A forgotten semicolon is left for the C++ compiler to report."""
+    assert isinstance(cv.returning_lambda(Lambda("return x")), Lambda)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("value", "expected"),
+    [
+        ("return 5;", True),
+        ("if (x) { return x; } return 0;", True),
+        ("if (x) return 1; else return 0;", True),
+        ("switch (x) { case 0: return 1; }", True),
+        # a semicolon means code: any return keyword counts
+        ("return not x;", True),
+        ("return a and b;", True),
+        ("please return the sensor; then wait", True),
+        # a forgotten semicolon is still lambda source; the compiler reports it
+        ("return id(x).state", True),
+        ("return x", True),
+        ("return 5", True),
+        ("return not x", True),
+        # accepted: a one-word tail is indistinguishable from 'return x'
+        ("return soon", True),
+        ("Alert: return home", True),
+        ("static value", False),
+        ("no returns here", False),
+        ("the_return_value", False),
+        # without a semicolon, prose is not lambda source
+        ("please return the item", False),
+        ("return to sender", False),
+        ("return a and b", False),
+        # return only inside a comment is not a return statement
+        ("// return 5;\nint x = 5;", False),
+        ("/* return 5; */ int x = 5;", False),
+        ("return 5; // done", True),
+    ],
+)
+def test_looks_like_returning_lambda(value: str, expected: bool) -> None:
+    assert cv.looks_like_returning_lambda(value) is expected
+
+
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # dimensions
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -2967,6 +3015,23 @@ def test_require_esphome_version_older_prerelease_fails() -> None:
         cv.require_esphome_version(2026, 8, 0)("test")
 
 
+def test_parse_esphome_version_deprecated_shim(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """The removed helper still works for external components and warns."""
+    from esphome import const, util
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(const, "__version__", "2026.9.0-dev"),
+        caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING),
+    ):
+        assert cv.parse_esphome_version() == (2026, 9, 0)
+        assert cv.parse_esphome_version() < (9999, 0, 0)
+    assert "parse_esphome_version() is deprecated" in caplog.text
+    # Both historical import paths resolve to the same function
+    assert cv.parse_esphome_version is util.parse_esphome_version
+
+
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # suppress_invalid / validate_source_shorthand / rename_key
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -3148,3 +3213,46 @@ def test_file__remapped_path_is_directory_raises(setup_core: Path) -> None:
 
     with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="is not a file"):
         cv.file_("/original/config/headers")
+
+
+def test_require_platformio_toolchain() -> None:
+    """Platforms with only the PlatformIO backend reject other toolchains."""
+    validator = cv.require_platformio_toolchain("RP2")
+    CORE.toolchain = None
+    config: dict = {}
+    assert validator(config) is config
+    assert CORE.toolchain == Toolchain.PLATFORMIO
+
+    CORE.toolchain = Toolchain.ARDUINO
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="Unsupported toolchain 'arduino' for RP2"):
+        validator(config)
+
+
+def test_check_supported_toolchain_unresolved_is_an_ordering_bug() -> None:
+    """Calling the check before resolution fails naming the ordering bug,
+    not a user-facing unsupported-toolchain error."""
+    CORE.toolchain = None
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="not resolved before RP2 validation"):
+        cv._check_supported_toolchain("RP2", (Toolchain.PLATFORMIO,))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("platform", "minimal_config"),
+    [
+        ("host", {}),
+        ("rp2", {"board": "rpipicow"}),
+        ("bk72xx", {"board": "generic-bk7231n-qfn32-tuya"}),
+        ("rtl87xx", {"board": "generic-rtl8710bn-2mb-788k"}),
+        ("ln882x", {"board": "generic-ln882h"}),
+        # The legacy stub platform must reject too, not just the chip families
+        ("libretiny", {}),
+    ],
+)
+def test_every_platformio_only_platform_rejects_arduino_toolchain(
+    platform: str, minimal_config: dict
+) -> None:
+    """A platform that cannot serve a CLI toolchain rejects it at validation."""
+    module = importlib.import_module(f"esphome.components.{platform}")
+    CORE.toolchain = Toolchain.ARDUINO
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="Unsupported toolchain 'arduino'"):
+        module.CONFIG_SCHEMA(dict(minimal_config))
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_core.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_core.py
index 0cb0c1f62d..0c96f8c8c9 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_core.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_core.py
@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
+import subprocess
+import sys
 from unittest.mock import patch
 
 from hypothesis import given
 import pytest
-from strategies import mac_addr_strings
 
 from esphome import const, core
+from tests.unit_tests.strategies import mac_addr_strings
 
 
 class TestHexInt:
@@ -213,6 +215,31 @@ class TestLambda:
 
         assert str(target) is value.value
 
+    def test_init__expression_initializer(self):
+        from esphome.cpp_generator import RawExpression
+
+        target = core.Lambda(RawExpression("foo()"))
+
+        assert target.value == "foo();"
+
+    def test_init__other_initializer(self):
+        target = core.Lambda(123)
+
+        assert target.value == 123
+
+    def test_init_from_str_does_not_import_codegen(self):
+        """The validated-config cache revives Lambdas on the upload fast path."""
+        # sys.exit rather than assert so ambient PYTHONOPTIMIZE can't strip it.
+        check = (
+            "import sys; from esphome.core import Lambda; "
+            "Lambda('return 1;'); "
+            "sys.exit('codegen leaked' if 'esphome.cpp_generator' in sys.modules else 0)"
+        )
+        result = subprocess.run(
+            [sys.executable, "-c", check], capture_output=True, text=True, check=False
+        )
+        assert result.returncode == 0, result.stderr
+
     def test_parts(self):
         target = core.Lambda(SAMPLE_LAMBDA.strip())
 
@@ -931,6 +958,24 @@ class TestEsphomeCore:
         target.toolchain = const.Toolchain.ESP_IDF
         assert target.using_toolchain_sdk_nrf is False
 
+    def test_using_toolchain_arduino(self, target):
+        """A toolchain choice, distinct from the arduino target framework."""
+        target.toolchain = const.Toolchain.ARDUINO
+        assert target.using_toolchain_arduino is True
+        target.toolchain = const.Toolchain.PLATFORMIO
+        assert target.using_toolchain_arduino is False
+
+    def test_using_native_toolchain(self, target):
+        """True exactly for the toolchains that never read platformio.ini."""
+        target.toolchain = const.Toolchain.ESP_IDF
+        assert target.using_native_toolchain is True
+        target.toolchain = const.Toolchain.ARDUINO
+        assert target.using_native_toolchain is True
+        target.toolchain = const.Toolchain.PLATFORMIO
+        assert target.using_native_toolchain is False
+        target.toolchain = const.Toolchain.SDK_NRF
+        assert target.using_native_toolchain is False
+
     def test_add_library__extracts_short_name_from_path(self, target):
         """Test add_library extracts short name from library paths like owner/lib."""
         target.data[const.KEY_CORE] = {
@@ -963,3 +1008,35 @@ class TestEsphomeCore:
         )
         # The unflag is still recorded either way.
         assert target.build_unflags == {"-fno-rtti", "-fno-exceptions"}
+
+    def test_add_cmake_arg(self, target) -> None:
+        target.add_cmake_arg("EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS", "unity;esp_lcd")
+        assert target.cmake_args == {"EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS": "unity;esp_lcd"}
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("name", ["", "BAD NAME", 'A"B', "A(B)", "1ABC"])
+    def test_add_cmake_arg__rejects_invalid_name(self, target, name: str) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Invalid CMake arg name"):
+            target.add_cmake_arg(name, "value")
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("value", ["a b", "a\tb", 'a"b', "a'b", "a${FOO}b"])
+    def test_add_cmake_arg__rejects_invalid_value(self, target, value: str) -> None:
+        """Whitespace and quotes are rejected (the PlatformIO backend passes
+        args as one space-joined string, which would split such a value), and
+        so is '$' (expanded differently by CMake and PlatformIO)."""
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="must not contain"):
+            target.add_cmake_arg("MY_ARG", value)
+
+    def test_add_cmake_arg__warns_on_overwrite(
+        self, target, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+    ) -> None:
+        """Re-registering with a different value is last-writer-wins; warn so
+        the silently dropped value is diagnosable."""
+        target.add_cmake_arg("MY_ARG", "one")
+        target.add_cmake_arg("MY_ARG", "one")
+        assert "overwriting" not in caplog.text
+
+        target.add_cmake_arg("MY_ARG", "two")
+        assert (
+            "CMake arg MY_ARG already set to one; overwriting with two" in caplog.text
+        )
+        assert target.cmake_args == {"MY_ARG": "two"}
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_dashboard_import.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_dashboard_import.py
index 427bee0f86..46a2fa5db0 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_dashboard_import.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_dashboard_import.py
@@ -10,8 +10,10 @@ during the adoption flow and depend on the output's ``esphome.name``
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
 
 import pytest
+import requests as req
 import yaml as pyyaml
 
 from esphome.components.dashboard_import import import_config
@@ -201,3 +203,56 @@ def test_import_refuses_to_overwrite_existing_yaml(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         )
     # Original content survives unchanged.
     assert yaml_path.read_text() == "# user's hand-edited config\n"
+
+
+def _full_config_kwargs(yaml_path: Path) -> dict:
+    return {
+        "path": str(yaml_path),
+        "name": "kitchen",
+        "friendly_name": None,
+        "project_name": "acme.kitchen-light",
+        "import_url": "github://acme/firmware/kitchen.yaml@main?full_config",
+    }
+
+
+def test_full_config_import_fetches_and_writes_contents(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    yaml_path = tmp_path / "kitchen.yaml"
+    resp = MagicMock(text="esphome:\n  name: orig\n")
+    with patch(
+        "esphome.components.dashboard_import.http_request", return_value=resp
+    ) as mock_req:
+        import_config(**_full_config_kwargs(yaml_path))
+    assert yaml_path.read_text() == "esphome:\n  name: orig\n"
+    assert mock_req.call_args[0][0] == "GET"
+
+
+def test_full_config_import_retries_transient_errors(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """The fetch goes through the shared retry policy: a transient network
+    error is retried instead of failing the adoption immediately."""
+    yaml_path = tmp_path / "kitchen.yaml"
+    resp = MagicMock(text="esphome:\n  name: orig\n")
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "esphome.components.dashboard_import.http_request",
+            side_effect=[req.ConnectionError("reset"), resp],
+        ),
+        patch("esphome.net_retry.time.sleep") as mock_sleep,
+    ):
+        import_config(**_full_config_kwargs(yaml_path))
+    assert yaml_path.exists()
+    mock_sleep.assert_called_once_with(2)
+
+
+def test_full_config_import_wraps_permanent_errors_in_value_error(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """device-builder depends on the ValueError contract for fetch failures."""
+    resp = MagicMock()
+    resp.raise_for_status.side_effect = req.HTTPError(
+        "404", response=MagicMock(status_code=404)
+    )
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.components.dashboard_import.http_request", return_value=resp),
+        pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Error while fetching"),
+    ):
+        import_config(**_full_config_kwargs(tmp_path / "kitchen.yaml"))
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_download_types.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_download_types.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2ccf53f7e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_download_types.py
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+"""Platform get_download_types contract for never-built configs.
+
+Wizard-written and upload/logs-fallback sidecars record no
+firmware_bin_path; the download panel must get an empty list for them,
+not entries pointing at files that were never built.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from importlib import import_module
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.storage_json import StorageJSON
+
+PLATFORMS = ["esp32", "esp8266", "rp2", "libretiny", "nrf52"]
+
+
+def _download_types(platform: str, storage: StorageJSON) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+    return import_module(f"esphome.components.{platform}").get_download_types(storage)
+
+
+def _wizard_storage() -> StorageJSON:
+    return StorageJSON.from_wizard(
+        name="test_device",
+        friendly_name="Test Device",
+        address="test_device.local",
+        platform="ESP32",
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("platform", PLATFORMS)
+def test_no_firmware_path_yields_no_downloads(platform: str) -> None:
+    """No recorded firmware path means nothing was built; no downloads."""
+    assert _download_types(platform, _wizard_storage()) == []
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("platform", PLATFORMS)
+def test_recorded_firmware_path_yields_downloads(platform: str, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """With a firmware path recorded, every platform offers entries in
+    the documented title/description/file/download shape."""
+    storage = _wizard_storage()
+    storage.firmware_bin_path = tmp_path / "firmware.bin"
+
+    types = _download_types(platform, storage)
+
+    assert types
+    assert all(
+        {"title", "description", "file", "download"} <= entry.keys() for entry in types
+    )
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_espidf_clang_tidy.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_espidf_clang_tidy.py
index cb25535d8d..4cc445e29b 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_espidf_clang_tidy.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_espidf_clang_tidy.py
@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 """Tests for esphome.espidf.clang_tidy tidy-project generation."""
 
+import json
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import patch
 
 import pytest
 
+from esphome.espidf import clang_tidy
 from esphome.espidf.clang_tidy import _Settings, _setup_core, _write_tidy_project
 
 REPO_ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2]
@@ -64,3 +67,35 @@ def test_setup_core_sets_arduino_env(
     _setup_core(tmp_path / "proj", _settings(target_framework=target_framework))
 
     assert os.environ["ESPHOME_ARDUINO_COMPONENT"] == expected
+
+
+def test_idedata_from_tidy_project(tmp_path) -> None:
+    """The tidy TU's compile entry is assembled into consumer-shaped idedata."""
+    compile_commands = tmp_path / "compile_commands.json"
+    compile_commands.write_text(
+        json.dumps(
+            [
+                {
+                    "directory": str(tmp_path),
+                    "file": str(tmp_path / "main" / "tidy.cpp"),
+                    "command": "/tc/xtensa-esp32-elf-g++ -DUSE_ESP32 "
+                    f"-I{tmp_path}/inc -c main/tidy.cpp -o tidy.o",
+                }
+            ]
+        )
+    )
+    with patch(
+        "esphome.espidf.clang_tidy.get_toolchain_includes", return_value=["/tc/inc"]
+    ):
+        data = clang_tidy._idedata_from_tidy_project(compile_commands)
+    assert data["cxx_path"] == "/tc/xtensa-esp32-elf-g++"
+    assert data["defines"] == ["USE_ESP32"]
+    assert data["includes"]["toolchain"] == ["/tc/inc"]
+    assert any(inc.endswith("/inc") for inc in data["includes"]["build"])
+
+
+def test_idedata_from_tidy_project_missing_tu_raises(tmp_path) -> None:
+    compile_commands = tmp_path / "compile_commands.json"
+    compile_commands.write_text(json.dumps([]))
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="tidy.cpp not found"):
+        clang_tidy._idedata_from_tidy_project(compile_commands)
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_espidf_component.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_espidf_component.py
index f9e048f6f4..3789eefc64 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_espidf_component.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_espidf_component.py
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 import glob
 import hashlib
 import json
-import os
 from pathlib import Path
 from unittest.mock import MagicMock
 
 import pytest
 
+from esphome.components import esp32 as esp32_module
 from esphome.const import (
     KEY_CORE,
     KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK,
@@ -16,21 +16,24 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, Library
 from esphome.espidf.component import (
+    _emit_idf_component,
     generate_cmakelists_txt,
     generate_idf_component_yml,
     generate_idf_components,
 )
 import esphome.platformio.library
 from esphome.platformio.library import (
+    ESPHOME_DATA_KEY,
+    ESPHOME_DATA_LINK_FLAGS_KEY,
     ConvertedLibrary as IDFComponent,
     GitSource,
     URLSource,
     _node_key,
-    _normalize_dependencies,
-    _parse_library_json,
-    _parse_library_properties,
     _resolve_registry_version,
     collect_filtered_files,
+    normalize_dependencies,
+    parse_library_json,
+    parse_library_properties,
     split_list_by_condition,
 )
 
@@ -291,6 +294,38 @@ def test_generate_cmakelists_txt_multi_token_flag(tmp_component):
     assert '  "-include"\n  "cp_custom_alloc.h"\n' in content
 
 
+def test_generate_cmakelists_txt_escapes_embedded_quotes(tmp_component):
+    """A define value carrying a literal quote survives into CMake as an
+    escaped quote, not a prematurely-terminated string."""
+    src_dir = tmp_component.path / "src"
+    src_dir.mkdir()
+    (src_dir / "main.c").write_text("int main() {}")
+    # shlex keeps the backslash-escaped quotes as literal characters
+    tmp_component.data = {"build": {"flags": ['-DMSG=\\"hi\\"']}}
+
+    content = generate_cmakelists_txt(tmp_component)
+    assert '"-DMSG=\\"hi\\""' in content
+
+
+def test_generate_cmakelists_txt_extra_script_link_flags(tmp_component):
+    """Captured extra-script LINKFLAGS come out as target_link_options, not
+    compile options where they would be silently ineffective."""
+    src_dir = tmp_component.path / "src"
+    src_dir.mkdir()
+    (src_dir / "main.c").write_text("int main() {}")
+
+    tmp_component.data = {
+        ESPHOME_DATA_KEY: {ESPHOME_DATA_LINK_FLAGS_KEY: ["-Wl,--gc-sections"]}
+    }
+
+    content = generate_cmakelists_txt(tmp_component)
+    assert (
+        'target_link_options(${COMPONENT_LIB} INTERFACE\n  "-Wl,--gc-sections"\n)'
+        in content
+    )
+    assert "target_compile_options" not in content
+
+
 def test_generate_cmakelists_txt_space_separated_classified_flags(tmp_component):
     # Space-separated -I/-L/-l entries routed to INCLUDE_DIRS and the link
     # handling before the shlex split was added; splitting must not leak
@@ -339,6 +374,18 @@ def test_generate_idf_component_yml_basic(tmp_component):
     assert result == "description: test\nrepository: http://aaa\n"
 
 
+def test_generate_idf_component_yml_tolerates_malformed_metadata(tmp_component):
+    """A string repository is the URL itself; junk shapes drop instead of
+    crashing on a third-party manifest."""
+    tmp_component.data = {"description": "test", "repository": "http://aaa"}
+    assert (
+        generate_idf_component_yml(tmp_component)
+        == "description: test\nrepository: http://aaa\n"
+    )
+    tmp_component.data = {"description": {"en": "x"}, "repository": 123}
+    assert generate_idf_component_yml(tmp_component) == "{}\n"
+
+
 def test_generate_idf_component_yml_with_dependencies(tmp_component, tmp_path):
     dep = IDFComponent("dep", "1.0", source=URLSource("http://dummy.com"))
     dep.path = tmp_path / "dep"
@@ -369,133 +416,11 @@ def test_generate_idf_component_yml_missing_path_raises(tmp_component):
         generate_idf_component_yml(tmp_component)
 
 
-def test_extra_script_captures_libpath_libs_and_defines(tmp_path):
-    from esphome.espidf.extra_script import captured_as_build_flags, run_extra_script
-
-    (tmp_path / "src" / "esp32").mkdir(parents=True)
-    script = tmp_path / "extra_script.py"
-    script.write_text(
-        "Import('env')\n"
-        "mcu = env.get('BOARD_MCU')\n"
-        "env.Append(\n"
-        "    LIBPATH=[join('src', mcu)],\n"
-        "    LIBS=['algobsec'],\n"
-        "    CPPDEFINES=['FOO', ('BAR', '1')],\n"
-        "    LINKFLAGS=['-Wl,--gc-sections'],\n"
-        ")\n"
-    )
-    # The script uses bare ``join`` (PIO's extra-scripts run inside SCons
-    # where this is in scope). Inject it via the script header so the
-    # shim's exec namespace can resolve it.
-    script.write_text("from os.path import join\n" + script.read_text())
-
-    result = run_extra_script(script, library_dir=tmp_path, idf_target="esp32")
-
-    assert result.libpath == [str(Path("src") / "esp32")]
-    assert result.libs == ["algobsec"]
-    assert ("BAR", "1") in result.cppdefines
-    assert "FOO" in result.cppdefines
-    assert result.linkflags == ["-Wl,--gc-sections"]
-
-    flags = captured_as_build_flags(result, library_dir=tmp_path)
-    sep = os.sep
-    assert f"-Lsrc{sep}esp32" in flags
-    assert "-lalgobsec" in flags
-    assert "-DFOO" in flags
-    assert "-DBAR=1" in flags
-    assert "-Wl,--gc-sections" in flags
-
-
-def test_extra_script_libpath_relative_resolves_against_library_dir(
-    tmp_path, monkeypatch
-):
-    """Relative LIBPATH entries must resolve against ``library_dir``, not the
-    caller's CWD (the shim restores CWD before ``captured_as_build_flags``
-    runs)."""
-    from esphome.espidf.extra_script import ExtraScriptResult, captured_as_build_flags
-
-    (tmp_path / "lib" / "esp32").mkdir(parents=True)
-    elsewhere = tmp_path.parent / "not_the_library_dir"
-    elsewhere.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
-    monkeypatch.chdir(elsewhere)
-
-    result = ExtraScriptResult(libpath=["lib/esp32"])
-    flags = captured_as_build_flags(result, library_dir=tmp_path)
-
-    sep = os.sep
-    assert flags == [f"-Llib{sep}esp32"]
-
-
-def test_extra_script_libpath_absolute_outside_library_dir(tmp_path):
-    from esphome.espidf.extra_script import ExtraScriptResult, captured_as_build_flags
-
-    outside = tmp_path.parent / "system_lib"
-    outside.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
-    result = ExtraScriptResult(libpath=[str(outside)])
-
-    flags = captured_as_build_flags(result, library_dir=tmp_path)
-    assert flags == [f"-L{outside.resolve()}"]
-
-
-def test_extra_script_failure_returns_empty_result(tmp_path, caplog):
-    from esphome.espidf.extra_script import run_extra_script
-
-    script = tmp_path / "broken.py"
-    script.write_text("raise RuntimeError('boom')\n")
-
-    with caplog.at_level("WARNING"):
-        result = run_extra_script(script, library_dir=tmp_path, idf_target="esp32")
-
-    assert result.libpath == []
-    assert result.libs == []
-    assert "broken.py" in caplog.text
-
-
-def test_apply_extra_script_path_traversal_is_rejected(tmp_path):
-    from esphome.espidf.component import _apply_extra_script
-
-    library_dir = tmp_path / "lib"
-    library_dir.mkdir()
-    outside = tmp_path / "evil.py"
-    outside.write_text("env.Append(LIBS=['pwned'])\n")
-
-    c = IDFComponent("owner/name", "1.0", source=URLSource("http://dummy"))
-    c.path = library_dir
-    c.data = {"build": {"extraScript": "../evil.py"}}
-
-    _apply_extra_script(c)
-
-    # Nothing was folded into flags: the traversal was rejected before
-    # the script could run.
-    assert "flags" not in c.data["build"]
-
-
-def test_apply_extra_script_merges_into_existing_flags(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
-    from esphome.components import esp32 as esp32_module
-
-    monkeypatch.setattr(esp32_module, "get_esp32_variant", lambda: "ESP32")
-
-    from esphome.espidf.component import _apply_extra_script
-
-    (tmp_path / "src").mkdir()
-    script = tmp_path / "extra.py"
-    script.write_text("env.Append(LIBS=['algobsec'])\n")
-
-    c = IDFComponent("owner/name", "1.0", source=URLSource("http://dummy"))
-    c.path = tmp_path
-    c.data = {"build": {"extraScript": "extra.py", "flags": ["-DEXISTING"]}}
-
-    _apply_extra_script(c)
-
-    assert "-DEXISTING" in c.data["build"]["flags"]
-    assert "-lalgobsec" in c.data["build"]["flags"]
-
-
 def test_parse_library_json(tmp_path):
     f = tmp_path / "library.json"
     f.write_text(json.dumps({"name": "test"}))
 
-    result = _parse_library_json(f)
+    result = parse_library_json(f)
     assert result["name"] == "test"
 
 
@@ -510,7 +435,7 @@ empty=
 """
     )
 
-    result = _parse_library_properties(f)
+    result = parse_library_properties(f)
 
     assert result["name"] == "Test"
     assert result["version"] == "1.0"
@@ -680,22 +605,22 @@ def test_node_key_registry_bare_name():
 
 
 def test_normalize_dependencies_none():
-    assert _normalize_dependencies(None) == []
+    assert normalize_dependencies(None) == []
 
 
 def test_normalize_dependencies_list_form():
     deps = [{"name": "foo", "version": "1.0"}]
-    assert _normalize_dependencies(deps) == [{"name": "foo", "version": "1.0"}]
+    assert normalize_dependencies(deps) == [{"name": "foo", "version": "1.0"}]
 
 
 def test_normalize_dependencies_dict_form():
-    out = _normalize_dependencies({"nanopb/Nanopb": "^0.4.91", "BareName": "1.2.3"})
+    out = normalize_dependencies({"nanopb/Nanopb": "^0.4.91", "BareName": "1.2.3"})
     assert {"name": "Nanopb", "owner": "nanopb", "version": "^0.4.91"} in out
     assert {"name": "BareName", "owner": None, "version": "1.2.3"} in out
 
 
 def test_normalize_dependencies_dict_form_nested_spec():
-    out = _normalize_dependencies(
+    out = normalize_dependencies(
         {"nanopb/Nanopb": {"version": "^0.4.91", "platforms": "espidf"}}
     )
     assert out == [
@@ -735,7 +660,7 @@ def _patch_registry(monkeypatch, versions):
 
 def test_resolve_registry_version_intersects_constraints(monkeypatch):
     _patch_registry(monkeypatch, ["1.10018.1", "1.10021.0", "1.10021.1"])
-    owner, name, version, url = _resolve_registry_version(
+    owner, name, version, url, _size = _resolve_registry_version(
         "esphome", "libsodium", {"==1.10021.0", "^1.10018.1"}
     )
     assert (owner, name, version) == ("esphome", "libsodium", "1.10021.0")
@@ -744,7 +669,9 @@ def test_resolve_registry_version_intersects_constraints(monkeypatch):
 
 def test_resolve_registry_version_picks_highest_satisfying(monkeypatch):
     _patch_registry(monkeypatch, ["1.0.0", "1.5.0", "2.0.0"])
-    _owner, _name, version, _url = _resolve_registry_version("o", "p", {"^1.0.0"})
+    _owner, _name, version, _url, _size = _resolve_registry_version(
+        "o", "p", {"^1.0.0"}
+    )
     assert version == "1.5.0"
 
 
@@ -794,7 +721,7 @@ def test_generate_idf_components_dedupes_shared_dependency(
         resolve_calls.append(pkgname)
         captured[f"{owner}/{pkgname}"] = set(requirements)
         version = "1.10021.0" if pkgname == "C" else "1.0.0"
-        return owner, pkgname, version, f"http://x/{pkgname}.tar.gz"
+        return owner, pkgname, version, f"http://x/{pkgname}.tar.gz", None
 
     monkeypatch.setattr(
         esphome.platformio.library, "_resolve_registry_version", fake_resolve
@@ -853,7 +780,7 @@ def test_generate_idf_components_lib_ignore_filters_top_level_and_dependencies(
 
     def fake_resolve(owner, pkgname, requirements):
         resolve_calls.append(pkgname)
-        return owner, pkgname, "1.0.0", f"http://x/{pkgname}.tar.gz"
+        return owner, pkgname, "1.0.0", f"http://x/{pkgname}.tar.gz", None
 
     monkeypatch.setattr(
         esphome.platformio.library, "_resolve_registry_version", fake_resolve
@@ -909,6 +836,7 @@ def test_generate_idf_components_handles_dependency_cycle(
             pkgname,
             "1.0.0",
             f"http://x/{pkgname}.tar.gz",
+            None,
         ),
     )
 
@@ -966,6 +894,7 @@ def test_generate_idf_components_git_overrides_registry_warns(
             pkgname,
             "1.0.0",
             f"http://x/{pkgname}.tar.gz",
+            None,
         ),
     )
 
@@ -1002,6 +931,7 @@ def test_generate_idf_components_missing_manifest_raises(
             pkgname,
             "1.0.0",
             f"http://x/{pkgname}.tar.gz",
+            None,
         ),
     )
 
@@ -1046,6 +976,7 @@ def test_generate_idf_components_warns_on_noncanonical_duplicate(
             pkgname,
             "1.0.0",
             f"http://x/{pkgname}.tar.gz",
+            None,
         ),
     )
 
@@ -1079,6 +1010,7 @@ def test_generate_idf_components_incompatible_top_level_raises(
             pkgname,
             "1.0.0",
             f"http://x/{pkgname}.tar.gz",
+            None,
         ),
     )
 
@@ -1115,6 +1047,7 @@ def test_generate_idf_components_incompatible_dependency_skipped(
             pkgname,
             "1.0.0",
             f"http://x/{pkgname}.tar.gz",
+            None,
         ),
     )
 
@@ -1190,3 +1123,33 @@ def test_idf_component_download_passes_salt() -> None:
         "owner/name", force=True, salt="abcd1234", namespace="idf"
     )
     assert c.path == Path("/converted/owner/name")
+
+
+def test_emit_idf_component_wires_esp32_target(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+    """Emitting a component resolves the esp32 variant into the shared
+    extraScript helper."""
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(esp32_module, "get_esp32_variant", lambda: "ESP32")
+    (tmp_path / "src").mkdir()
+    script = tmp_path / "extra.py"
+    script.write_text("env.Append(LIBS=[env.get('BOARD_MCU')])\n")
+    c = IDFComponent("owner/name", "1.0", source=URLSource("http://dummy"))
+    c.path = tmp_path
+    c.data = {"build": {"extraScript": "extra.py"}}
+    _emit_idf_component(c)
+    assert c.data["build"]["flags"] == ["-lesp32"]
+
+
+def test_build_flags_dangling_flag_does_not_cross_entries(
+    tmp_path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """Each entry is lexed independently, as ParseFlags does: a dangling -I ending one
+    entry warns instead of absorbing the next entry's first token."""
+    (tmp_path / "src").mkdir()
+    c = IDFComponent("owner/name", "1.0", source=URLSource("http://dummy"))
+    c.path = tmp_path
+    c.data = {"build": {"flags": ["-Wall -I", "-DFOO=1"]}}
+    content = generate_cmakelists_txt(c)
+    assert "FOO=1" in content
+    assert "-I-DFOO" not in content
+    assert "Ignoring trailing '-I'" in caplog.text
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_espidf_framework.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_espidf_framework.py
index 5912facbb3..3eeace9914 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_espidf_framework.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_espidf_framework.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 # pylint: disable=protected-access
 
+from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 import importlib.util
 import io
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ import subprocess
 import sys
 import tarfile
 from types import SimpleNamespace
-from unittest.mock import patch
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -178,6 +179,11 @@ def test_clone_idf_with_submodules_without_ref(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     assert calls[-1][:5] == ["git", "submodule", "update", "--init", "--recursive"]
     assert not any(c[1] == "fetch" for c in calls)
     assert not any(c[1] == "reset" for c in calls)
+    # The clone must retry transient network failures and clean up a
+    # partial destination between attempts
+    clone_kwargs = run_git_command_mock.call_args_list[0].kwargs
+    assert clone_kwargs["network"] is True
+    assert clone_kwargs["retry_cleanup"] == framework_path
 
 
 def test_clone_idf_with_submodules_with_ref(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -205,6 +211,13 @@ def test_clone_idf_with_submodules_with_ref(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     ]
     assert calls[2] == ["git", "reset", "--hard", "FETCH_HEAD"]
     assert calls[3][:5] == ["git", "submodule", "update", "--init", "--recursive"]
+    # Clone and fetch talk to the network and must carry the retry flag;
+    # the local reset must not
+    kwargs = [c.kwargs for c in run_git_command_mock.call_args_list]
+    assert kwargs[0]["network"] is True
+    assert kwargs[0]["retry_cleanup"] == framework_path
+    assert kwargs[1]["network"] is True
+    assert "network" not in kwargs[2]
 
 
 def test_clone_idf_with_submodules_raises_when_tree_missing(
@@ -358,10 +371,9 @@ def _fake_download_from_mirrors(
 ) -> str:
     """Stand-in for download_from_mirrors that creates path targets, since
     the framework code opens the downloaded tarball afterwards."""
-    if isinstance(target, (str, os.PathLike)):
-        path = Path(target)
-        path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-        path.touch()
+    path = Path(target)
+    path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    path.touch()
     return "https://example.com/idf.tar.xz"
 
 
@@ -371,13 +383,15 @@ def espidf_mocks(setup_core: Path):
     # archive_extract_all is mocked, so pre-create the framework dir that the
     # extracted-marker touch writes into.
     _get_framework_path(_IDF_VERSION).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    # One mock covers the tarball (via framework_helpers.download_and_extract)
+    # and the constraints file (espidf-bound download_from_mirrors), so call
+    # counts and ordering assertions span the two.
+    download = MagicMock(side_effect=_fake_download_from_mirrors)
     with (
         patch("esphome.espidf.framework.rmdir") as rmdir_mock,
-        patch(
-            "esphome.espidf.framework.download_from_mirrors",
-            side_effect=_fake_download_from_mirrors,
-        ) as download,
-        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.archive_extract_all") as extract,
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers.download_from_mirrors", download),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.download_from_mirrors", download),
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers.archive_extract_all") as extract,
         patch("esphome.espidf.framework.create_venv") as venv,
         patch("esphome.espidf.framework.run_command_ok", return_value=True) as run_ok,
         patch(
@@ -506,6 +520,33 @@ def test_check_esp_idf_install_feature_failure(espidf_mocks: SimpleNamespace) ->
         check_esp_idf_install(_IDF_VERSION, force=True, features=["fb"])
 
 
+def test_python_deps_use_uv_when_available(
+    espidf_mocks: SimpleNamespace, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
+    """The python env installs go through uv when on the PATH, pip otherwise."""
+    monkeypatch.delenv("UV_HTTP_RETRIES", raising=False)
+    with patch(
+        "esphome.espidf.framework.shutil.which",
+        # Keyed on the name: the same which() also probes the default tools
+        side_effect=lambda name: "/usr/bin/uv" if name == "uv" else None,
+    ):
+        check_esp_idf_install(_IDF_VERSION, force=True, features=["fb"])
+    upgrade_call, feature_call = espidf_mocks.run_ok.call_args_list[1:3]
+    upgrade_cmd, feature_cmd = upgrade_call.args[0], feature_call.args[0]
+    assert upgrade_cmd[:3] == ["/usr/bin/uv", "pip", "install"]
+    assert "--python" in upgrade_cmd
+    assert feature_cmd[:3] == ["/usr/bin/uv", "pip", "install"]
+    assert upgrade_call.kwargs["env"]["UV_HTTP_RETRIES"] == "10"
+
+    espidf_mocks.run_ok.reset_mock()
+    monkeypatch.setenv("UV_HTTP_RETRIES", "3")  # an explicit user value wins
+    with patch("esphome.espidf.framework.shutil.which", return_value=None):
+        check_esp_idf_install(_IDF_VERSION, force=True, features=["fb"])
+    upgrade_call = espidf_mocks.run_ok.call_args_list[1]
+    assert upgrade_call.args[0][1:4] == ["-m", "pip", "install"]
+    assert upgrade_call.kwargs["env"]["UV_HTTP_RETRIES"] == "3"
+
+
 def _mark_installed() -> None:
     """Create the extracted marker and python-env interpreter so the install
     check takes the already-installed path rather than force-installing."""
@@ -875,24 +916,138 @@ _PREFETCH_JSON = json.dumps(
 )
 
 
+def test_prefetch_leaves_unverifiable_entries_to_the_installer(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """An entry missing sha256 or size must not download unverified; the
+    installer handles it and fails loudly on a bad archive."""
+    entries = json.loads(_PREFETCH_JSON)
+    del entries[0]["sha256"]
+    del entries[1]["size"]
+    entries.append(
+        {
+            "name": "gcc@14.2.0",
+            "url": "https://example.com/gcc.tar.gz",
+            "size": 67,
+            "sha256": "ef" * 32,
+            "dest": "gcc.tar.gz",
+        }
+    )
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "esphome.espidf.framework.run_command",
+            return_value=(True, json.dumps(entries), ""),
+        ),
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers.download_with_resume") as download,
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.get_system_python_path", return_value="python"),
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers._BatchDownloadProgress") as progress_cls,
+    ):
+        _prefetch_idf_tool_archives(tmp_path, "esp32", ["required"], None)
+    assert [call[0][0] for call in download.call_args_list] == [
+        "https://example.com/gcc.tar.gz"
+    ]
+    assert download.call_args[1]["sha256"] == "ef" * 32
+    progress_cls.assert_called_once_with("Downloading ESP-IDF tools", 67)
+    assert "cmake@3.30.2 has no sha256/size" in caplog.text
+    assert "ninja@1.12.1 has no sha256/size" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_prefetch_all_entries_unverifiable_is_a_noop(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    entries = json.loads(_PREFETCH_JSON)
+    for entry in entries:
+        del entry["sha256"]
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "esphome.espidf.framework.run_command",
+            return_value=(True, json.dumps(entries), ""),
+        ),
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers.download_with_resume") as download,
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.get_system_python_path", return_value="python"),
+    ):
+        _prefetch_idf_tool_archives(tmp_path, "esp32", ["required"], None)
+    download.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_prefetch_dedupes_entries_by_dest(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Two entries resolving to one dest would interleave writes into the
+    same .part file; only the first downloads."""
+    entries = json.loads(_PREFETCH_JSON)
+    dup = dict(entries[0]) | {"name": "cmake-alias@3.30.2"}
+    entries.append(dup)
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "esphome.espidf.framework.run_command",
+            return_value=(True, json.dumps(entries), ""),
+        ),
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers.download_with_resume") as download,
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.get_system_python_path", return_value="python"),
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers._BatchDownloadProgress"),
+    ):
+        _prefetch_idf_tool_archives(tmp_path, "esp32", ["required"], None)
+    dests = [call[0][1].name for call in download.call_args_list]
+    assert dests.count("cmake-3.30.2.tar.gz") == 1
+
+
 def test_prefetch_downloads_each_archive_with_resume(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     with (
         patch(
             "esphome.espidf.framework.run_command",
             return_value=(True, _PREFETCH_JSON, ""),
         ),
-        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.download_with_resume") as download,
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers.download_with_resume") as download,
         patch("esphome.espidf.framework.get_system_python_path", return_value="python"),
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers._BatchDownloadProgress") as progress_cls,
     ):
+        # Materialize the lazy mock before threads race its first creation
+        tracker = progress_cls.return_value.tracker.return_value
         _prefetch_idf_tool_archives(tmp_path, "esp32", ["required"], None)
 
     dist = get_idf_tools_path() / "dist"
-    assert download.call_count == 2
-    assert download.call_args_list[0][0] == (
-        "https://example.com/cmake.tar.gz",
-        dist / "cmake-3.30.2.tar.gz",
-    )
-    assert download.call_args_list[0][1] == {"sha256": "ab" * 32, "size": 123}
+    # Archives download concurrently, so the call order is not fixed.
+    calls = {call[0]: call[1] for call in download.call_args_list}
+    assert set(calls) == {
+        ("https://example.com/cmake.tar.gz", dist / "cmake-3.30.2.tar.gz"),
+        ("https://example.com/ninja.zip", dist / "ninja.zip"),
+    }
+    kwargs = calls[("https://example.com/cmake.tar.gz", dist / "cmake-3.30.2.tar.gz")]
+    assert kwargs["sha256"] == "ab" * 32
+    assert kwargs["size"] == 123
+    # every archive reports into the one combined progress bar via the
+    # cancellation-checked wrapper; verify it delegates to the tracker
+    progress_cls.assert_called_once_with("Downloading ESP-IDF tools", 123 + 45)
+    before = tracker.call_count
+    for kw in calls.values():
+        kw["progress"](7)
+    assert tracker.call_count == before + len(calls)
+
+
+def test_prefetch_downloads_archives_concurrently(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """More than one archive fans out over a bounded thread pool."""
+    entries = [
+        {
+            "name": f"tool{i}@1",
+            "url": f"https://example.com/tool{i}.tar.gz",
+            "size": 10,
+            "sha256": "ab" * 32,
+            "dest": f"tool{i}.tar.gz",
+        }
+        for i in range(6)
+    ]
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "esphome.espidf.framework.run_command",
+            return_value=(True, json.dumps(entries), ""),
+        ),
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers.download_with_resume") as download,
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.get_system_python_path", return_value="python"),
+        patch(
+            "esphome.framework_helpers.ThreadPoolExecutor", wraps=ThreadPoolExecutor
+        ) as pool,
+    ):
+        _prefetch_idf_tool_archives(tmp_path, "esp32", ["required"], None)
+
+    pool.assert_called_once_with(max_workers=4)
+    assert download.call_count == 6
 
 
 def test_prefetch_skips_already_downloaded_archives(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -904,7 +1059,7 @@ def test_prefetch_skips_already_downloaded_archives(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
             "esphome.espidf.framework.run_command",
             return_value=(True, _PREFETCH_JSON, ""),
         ),
-        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.download_with_resume") as download,
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers.download_with_resume") as download,
         patch("esphome.espidf.framework.get_system_python_path", return_value="python"),
     ):
         _prefetch_idf_tool_archives(tmp_path, "esp32", ["required"], None)
@@ -937,7 +1092,7 @@ def test_prefetch_failures_never_raise(
     with (
         patch("esphome.espidf.framework.run_command", return_value=run_result),
         patch(
-            "esphome.espidf.framework.download_with_resume",
+            "esphome.framework_helpers.download_with_resume",
             side_effect=download_error,
         ),
         patch("esphome.espidf.framework.get_system_python_path", return_value="python"),
@@ -947,19 +1102,45 @@ def test_prefetch_failures_never_raise(
     assert expected_log in caplog.text
 
 
-def test_prefetch_one_failed_archive_does_not_stop_the_rest(
+def test_prefetch_total_failure_logs_error(
     tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
 ) -> None:
-    """A single archive failing its download must not abort the prefetch of
-    the remaining archives."""
+    """Every archive failing is a systematic fault (proxy, bad kwarg), not
+    a flaky mirror; it must be distinguishable at ERROR because the resume
+    workaround is off for the whole install."""
     with (
         patch(
             "esphome.espidf.framework.run_command",
             return_value=(True, _PREFETCH_JSON, ""),
         ),
         patch(
-            "esphome.espidf.framework.download_with_resume",
-            side_effect=[OSError("network down"), None],
+            "esphome.framework_helpers.download_with_resume",
+            side_effect=OSError("proxy refuses everything"),
+        ),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.get_system_python_path", return_value="python"),
+    ):
+        _prefetch_idf_tool_archives(tmp_path, "esp32", ["required"], None)
+    assert "Every ESP-IDF tool prefetch failed" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_prefetch_one_failed_archive_does_not_stop_the_rest(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A single archive failing its download must not abort the prefetch of
+    the remaining archives."""
+
+    def _fail_cmake_download(url: str, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
+        if "cmake" in url:
+            raise OSError("network down")
+
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "esphome.espidf.framework.run_command",
+            return_value=(True, _PREFETCH_JSON, ""),
+        ),
+        patch(
+            "esphome.framework_helpers.download_with_resume",
+            side_effect=_fail_cmake_download,
         ) as download,
         patch("esphome.espidf.framework.get_system_python_path", return_value="python"),
     ):
@@ -967,6 +1148,29 @@ def test_prefetch_one_failed_archive_does_not_stop_the_rest(
 
     assert download.call_count == 2
     assert "Could not prefetch cmake@3.30.2" in caplog.text
+    # One flaky archive is routine, never the systematic-fault ERROR
+    assert "Every ESP-IDF tool prefetch failed" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_prefetch_finishes_progress_bar_and_cancels_queue(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """The batch bar is closed out after the pool, and the pool is shut down
+    with cancel_futures so Ctrl-C does not drain every queued archive."""
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "esphome.espidf.framework.run_command",
+            return_value=(True, _PREFETCH_JSON, ""),
+        ),
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers.download_with_resume"),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.get_system_python_path", return_value="python"),
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers._BatchDownloadProgress") as progress_cls,
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers.ThreadPoolExecutor") as pool_cls,
+    ):
+        pool = MagicMock(wraps=ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=2))
+        pool_cls.return_value = pool
+        _prefetch_idf_tool_archives(tmp_path, "esp32", ["required"], None)
+
+    pool.shutdown.assert_called_once_with(wait=True, cancel_futures=True)
+    progress_cls.return_value.done.assert_called_once_with()
 
 
 def test_prefetch_passes_targets_and_tools_to_script(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -1383,13 +1587,14 @@ def test_get_framework_env_without_python_env_uses_os_path(tmp_path: Path) -> No
 
 def _ccache_patches(tmp_path: Path, which: str | None, build_path: Path | None):
     return (
-        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.shutil.which", return_value=which),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.resolve_ccache_path", return_value=which),
         patch(
             "esphome.espidf.framework.get_idf_tools_path",
             return_value=tmp_path / "tools",
         ),
+        # ccache_defaults_env (build_helpers.ccache) reads CORE at call time
         patch(
-            "esphome.espidf.framework.CORE",
+            "esphome.core.CORE",
             SimpleNamespace(build_path=build_path),
         ),
     )
@@ -1410,7 +1615,8 @@ def test_ccache_env_disabled_when_binary_missing(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     # build_path is None here too: a disabled cache must not require it.
     p1, p2, p3 = _ccache_patches(tmp_path, None, None)
     with patch.dict("os.environ", {}, clear=True), p1, p2, p3:
-        assert _ccache_env() == {}
+        # Canonical off, so an inherited/unparsable value cannot enable it
+        assert _ccache_env() == {"IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE": "0"}
 
 
 def test_ccache_env_opt_out_via_env(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -1418,18 +1624,111 @@ def test_ccache_env_opt_out_via_env(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     # short-circuits before build_path is needed.
     p1, p2, p3 = _ccache_patches(tmp_path, "/usr/bin/ccache", None)
     with patch.dict("os.environ", {"IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE": "0"}, clear=True), p1, p2, p3:
-        assert _ccache_env() == {}
+        # The canonical off spelling is exported: the raw value is inherited
+        # by idf.py, where a spelling like "disable" would read as truthy
+        assert _ccache_env() == {"IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE": "0"}
 
 
-def test_ccache_env_opt_in_without_binary(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-    # Explicit IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE=1 forces it on without probing PATH. It's
-    # already in the environment, so it isn't re-emitted, but the rest is.
+def test_ccache_env_opt_in_without_binary(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    # Explicit IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE=1 forces it on; without a usable binary
+    # idf.py silently skips ccache, so this branch must say so out loud.
     p1, p2, p3 = _ccache_patches(tmp_path, None, tmp_path / "build")
     with patch.dict("os.environ", {"IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE": "1"}, clear=True), p1, p2, p3:
         env = _ccache_env()
-    assert "IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE" not in env
+    assert env["IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE"] == "1"
     assert env["CCACHE_DIR"] == str(tmp_path / "tools" / "ccache")
     assert env["CCACHE_DEPEND"] == "1"
+    assert "no ccache binary is on PATH" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_ccache_env_opt_in_with_working_binary(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    # Forced on with a working binary: no warning fires at all.
+    ccache = tmp_path / "ccache"
+    ccache.touch()
+    p1, p2, p3 = _ccache_patches(tmp_path, str(ccache), tmp_path / "build")
+    with (
+        patch.dict("os.environ", {"IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE": "1"}, clear=True),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.shutil.which", return_value=str(ccache)),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.tool_version_runs", return_value=True),
+        p1,
+        p2,
+        p3,
+    ):
+        env = _ccache_env()
+    assert env["IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE"] == "1"
+    assert not [r for r in caplog.records if r.levelno >= logging.WARNING]
+
+
+def test_ccache_env_opt_in_with_rejected_binary(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    # Forced on with a present-but-rejected binary: idf.py does its own
+    # PATH lookup and uses it anyway; the warning must say so, not claim
+    # the build runs without ccache.
+    # A present but non-executable file: the real probe fails and logs
+    # the forced-on message (patching the probe would silence it)
+    broken = tmp_path / "broken-ccache"
+    broken.touch()
+    p1, p2, p3 = _ccache_patches(tmp_path, None, tmp_path / "build")
+    with (
+        patch.dict("os.environ", {"IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE": "1"}, clear=True),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.shutil.which", return_value=str(broken)),
+        p1,
+        p2,
+        p3,
+    ):
+        env = _ccache_env()
+    assert env["IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE"] == "1"
+    assert "idf.py will use it anyway" in caplog.text
+    # Exactly one story: the resolver's contradictory "compiling without
+    # ccache" must not precede it
+    assert "compiling without ccache" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_ccache_env_honors_shared_esphome_opt_out(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE=0 disables ccache here too; the shared policy
+    must not apply to every backend except this one."""
+    _p1, p2, p3 = _ccache_patches(tmp_path, "/usr/bin/ccache", tmp_path / "build")
+    env_vars = {"ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE": "0", "PATH": "/usr/bin"}
+    with patch.dict("os.environ", env_vars, clear=True), p2, p3:
+        # The real resolver runs so the opt-out parse is exercised
+        assert _ccache_env() == {"IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE": "0"}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("value", ["off", "no"])
+def test_ccache_env_idf_knob_parses_strictly(tmp_path: Path, value: str) -> None:
+    """IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE uses the same strict table as the shared knob, so
+    "off" disables instead of reading as truthy."""
+    p1, p2, p3 = _ccache_patches(tmp_path, "/usr/bin/ccache", tmp_path / "build")
+    with patch.dict("os.environ", {"IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE": value}, clear=True), p1, p2, p3:
+        assert _ccache_env() == {"IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE": "0"}
+
+
+def test_ccache_env_idf_knob_unrecognized_warns_and_defers(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """An unparsable IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE warns, defers to the shared resolver,
+    and is not forwarded to idf.py as truthy."""
+    p1, p2, p3 = _ccache_patches(tmp_path, "/usr/bin/ccache", tmp_path / "build")
+    env_vars = {"IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE": "enabled"}
+    with patch.dict("os.environ", env_vars, clear=True), p1, p2, p3:
+        env = _ccache_env()
+    assert "unrecognized IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE" in caplog.text
+    assert env["IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE"] == "1"
+
+
+def test_ccache_env_idf_knob_wins_over_shared_opt_out(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE=1 takes precedence over ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE=0."""
+    p1, p2, p3 = _ccache_patches(tmp_path, None, tmp_path / "build")
+    env_vars = {"IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE": "1", "ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE": "0"}
+    with patch.dict("os.environ", env_vars, clear=True), p1, p2, p3:
+        env = _ccache_env()
+    assert env["CCACHE_DIR"] == str(tmp_path / "tools" / "ccache")
+    assert env["IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE"] == "1"
 
 
 def test_ccache_env_preserves_user_overrides(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_espidf_idedata.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_espidf_idedata.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 1088517ed1..0000000000
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_espidf_idedata.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,264 +0,0 @@
-"""Tests for esphome.espidf.idedata (compile_commands.json -> idedata)."""
-
-# pylint: disable=protected-access
-
-import json
-import os
-from pathlib import Path
-from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
-
-import pytest
-
-from esphome.espidf import idedata
-
-# An absolute, forward-slash (shlex-safe) path prefix valid on the host OS, so
-# tests exercise the same is-absolute / normalize behavior as a real compile DB
-# (a drive-qualified path on Windows, a leading slash elsewhere).
-ABS = "C:/" if os.name == "nt" else "/"
-
-
-def _entry(directory: str, file: str, command: str) -> dict:
-    return {"directory": directory, "file": file, "command": command}
-
-
-def test_parse_entry_extracts_fields() -> None:
-    """cxx_path, defines, includes and remaining flags are split apart."""
-    entry = _entry(
-        f"{ABS}build",
-        f"{ABS}build/src/esphome/core/application.cpp",
-        f"/tools/xtensa-esp32-elf-g++ -DUSE_ESP32 -DESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL=5 "
-        f"-I{ABS}inc/a -isystem {ABS}sys/b -std=gnu++20 -c app.cpp -o app.cpp.o",
-    )
-
-    cxx_path, defines, includes, cxx_flags = idedata._parse_entry(entry)
-
-    assert cxx_path == "/tools/xtensa-esp32-elf-g++"
-    assert "USE_ESP32" in defines
-    assert "ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL=5" in defines
-    assert f"{ABS}inc/a" in includes
-    assert f"{ABS}sys/b" in includes
-    assert "-std=gnu++20" in cxx_flags
-    # input/output files and their flags are not treated as flags
-    assert "-c" not in cxx_flags
-    assert "-o" not in cxx_flags
-    assert "app.cpp" not in cxx_flags
-    assert "app.cpp.o" not in cxx_flags
-
-
-def test_parse_entry_space_separated_args() -> None:
-    """``-D X`` / ``-I path`` (separate arg) and ``-isystem<path>`` (joined)."""
-    entry = _entry(
-        f"{ABS}build",
-        f"{ABS}build/src/esphome/x.cpp",
-        f"g++ -D FOO=1 -I {ABS}inc/sep -isystem{ABS}sys/joined -c x.cpp",
-    )
-
-    _, defines, includes, _ = idedata._parse_entry(entry)
-
-    assert "FOO=1" in defines
-    assert f"{ABS}inc/sep" in includes
-    assert f"{ABS}sys/joined" in includes
-
-
-def test_parse_entry_resolves_relative_includes() -> None:
-    """Relative includes are resolved against the entry's ``directory``."""
-    directory = f"{ABS}build/proj"
-    entry = _entry(
-        directory,
-        f"{directory}/src/esphome/x.cpp",
-        "g++ -Iconfig -I../shared -isystem rel/sys -c x.cpp",
-    )
-
-    _, _, includes, _ = idedata._parse_entry(entry)
-
-    def resolved(rel: str) -> str:
-        # _parse_entry emits forward slashes for consistency (normpath would
-        # yield backslashes on Windows).
-        return os.path.normpath(Path(directory) / rel).replace("\\", "/")
-
-    assert resolved("config") in includes
-    assert resolved("../shared") in includes  # ../ normalized away
-    assert resolved("rel/sys") in includes
-    # nothing is left relative
-    assert all(Path(inc).is_absolute() for inc in includes)
-
-
-def test_parse_entry_skips_dependency_flags() -> None:
-    """Dependency-generation flags (and their args) are dropped."""
-    entry = _entry(
-        "/build",
-        "/build/src/esphome/x.cpp",
-        "g++ -MD -MT x.cpp.o -MF x.cpp.o.d -c x.cpp -o x.cpp.o",
-    )
-
-    _, _, _, cxx_flags = idedata._parse_entry(entry)
-
-    for tok in ("-MD", "-MT", "x.cpp.o", "-MF", "x.cpp.o.d", "-c", "-o", "x.cpp"):
-        assert tok not in cxx_flags
-
-
-def test_expand_response_files(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-    """``@file`` arguments are inlined relative to the directory."""
-    rsp = tmp_path / "flags.rsp"
-    rsp.write_text("-DFROM_RSP -I/rsp/inc")
-
-    tokens = idedata._expand_response_files(
-        ["g++", f"@{rsp.name}", "-c", "x.cpp"], tmp_path
-    )
-
-    assert "-DFROM_RSP" in tokens
-    assert "-I/rsp/inc" in tokens
-    assert not any(t.startswith("@") for t in tokens)
-
-
-def test_expand_response_files_keeps_literal_when_missing(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-    """An unreadable ``@file`` token is kept verbatim rather than dropped."""
-    tokens = idedata._expand_response_files(["g++", "@nope.rsp"], tmp_path)
-    assert "@nope.rsp" in tokens
-
-
-def test_pick_entry_prefers_esphome_tu() -> None:
-    """A ``/src/esphome/`` C++ TU is picked over other compile entries."""
-    entries = [
-        _entry("/b", "/b/managed_components/foo/foo.c", "gcc -c foo.c"),
-        _entry("/b", "/b/src/esphome/core/app.cpp", "g++ -c app.cpp"),
-    ]
-    assert idedata._pick_entry(entries)["file"].endswith("app.cpp")
-
-
-def test_pick_entry_falls_back_to_any_cxx_tu() -> None:
-    """With no ``/src/esphome/`` TU present, the first C++ entry is the fallback."""
-    entries = [
-        _entry("/b", "/b/managed_components/foo/foo.c", "gcc -c foo.c"),
-        _entry("/b", "/b/components/x/x.cpp", "g++ -c x.cpp"),
-    ]
-    assert idedata._pick_entry(entries)["file"].endswith("x.cpp")
-
-
-def test_is_esphome_src_handles_backslash_paths() -> None:
-    r"""The src marker must match Windows ``\src\esphome\`` paths too.
-
-    compile_commands ``file`` entries use the OS-native separator; if the
-    marker only matched forward slashes no source would match on Windows and
-    the build-include union would be silently empty.
-    """
-    assert idedata._is_esphome_src(r"C:\b\src\esphome\core\app.cpp")
-    assert idedata._is_esphome_src("/b/src/esphome/core/app.cpp")
-    # non-esphome and non-C++ still rejected regardless of separator
-    assert not idedata._is_esphome_src(r"C:\b\managed_components\x\x.cpp")
-    assert not idedata._is_esphome_src(r"C:\b\src\esphome\core\app.h")
-
-
-def test_idedata_from_build(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-    """Full transform: representative entry + include union + toolchain dirs."""
-    compile_commands = tmp_path / "compile_commands.json"
-    entries = [
-        _entry(
-            f"{ABS}b",
-            f"{ABS}b/src/esphome/core/app.cpp",
-            f"g++ -DUSE_ESP32 -I{ABS}inc/core -std=gnu++20 -c app.cpp -o app.cpp.o",
-        ),
-        _entry(
-            f"{ABS}b",
-            f"{ABS}b/src/esphome/sensor/s.cpp",
-            f"g++ -DUSE_ESP32 -I{ABS}inc/sensor -c s.cpp -o s.cpp.o",
-        ),
-        # non-esphome TU: its includes must not leak into the union
-        _entry(
-            f"{ABS}b",
-            f"{ABS}b/managed_components/x/x.c",
-            f"gcc -I{ABS}inc/managed -c x.c",
-        ),
-    ]
-    compile_commands.write_text(json.dumps(entries))
-
-    fake_proc = MagicMock(
-        returncode=0,
-        stderr=(
-            "ignored\n"
-            "#include <...> search starts here:\n"
-            " /tc/inc/c++\n"
-            " /tc/inc\n"
-            "End of search list.\n"
-            "more ignored\n"
-        ),
-    )
-    with patch.object(idedata.subprocess, "run", return_value=fake_proc):
-        data = idedata.idedata_from_build(compile_commands)
-
-    assert data["cxx_path"] == "g++"
-    assert "USE_ESP32" in data["defines"]
-    assert "-std=gnu++20" in data["cxx_flags"]
-    # include dirs unioned across all esphome TUs
-    assert f"{ABS}inc/core" in data["includes"]["build"]
-    assert f"{ABS}inc/sensor" in data["includes"]["build"]
-    # the non-esphome TU is excluded from the union
-    assert f"{ABS}inc/managed" not in data["includes"]["build"]
-    # toolchain search dirs parsed from the compiler's -v output
-    assert data["includes"]["toolchain"] == ["/tc/inc/c++", "/tc/inc"]
-
-
-def test_get_toolchain_includes_raises_on_probe_failure() -> None:
-    """A failed compiler probe is a hard error, not a silent empty list."""
-    fake_proc = MagicMock(returncode=1, stderr="xtensa-esp32-elf-g++: not found")
-    with (
-        patch.object(idedata.subprocess, "run", return_value=fake_proc),
-        pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="builtin include dirs"),
-    ):
-        idedata._get_toolchain_includes("/bad/compiler")
-
-
-def test_get_toolchain_includes_raises_when_no_dirs_found() -> None:
-    """Markers present but no dirs (anomalous output) also raises."""
-    fake_proc = MagicMock(
-        returncode=0,
-        stderr="#include <...> search starts here:\nEnd of search list.\n",
-    )
-    with (
-        patch.object(idedata.subprocess, "run", return_value=fake_proc),
-        pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="builtin include dirs"),
-    ):
-        idedata._get_toolchain_includes("/some/compiler")
-
-
-# ESP-IDF's compile_commands.json on Windows mixes literal backslash path
-# separators in the compiler path with shell ``\"`` quote-escaping in defines,
-# which only the real Windows argv parser handles. These exercise that path.
-@pytest.mark.skipif(os.name != "nt", reason="Windows argv tokenization")
-def test_split_command_preserves_paths_and_unescapes_quotes() -> None:
-    r"""Backslash paths survive while ``\"`` define-quoting is unescaped."""
-    command = r"C:\esp\bin\riscv32-esp-elf-g++.exe -DVER=\"1.2.3\" -IC:/inc/a -c x.cpp"
-
-    tokens = idedata._split_command(command)
-
-    assert tokens[0] == r"C:\esp\bin\riscv32-esp-elf-g++.exe"
-    assert '-DVER="1.2.3"' in tokens
-    assert "-IC:/inc/a" in tokens
-
-
-@pytest.mark.skipif(os.name != "nt", reason="Windows argv tokenization")
-def test_split_command_empty_returns_empty() -> None:
-    """An empty or blank command tokenizes to ``[]`` (e.g. an empty response file).
-
-    Guards against ``CommandLineToArgvW("")`` returning the current process name
-    instead of an empty list.
-    """
-    assert idedata._split_command("") == []
-    assert idedata._split_command("   ") == []
-
-
-@pytest.mark.skipif(os.name != "nt", reason="Windows argv tokenization")
-def test_parse_entry_normalizes_windows_cxx_path() -> None:
-    """A backslash compiler path is emitted forward-slashed; define unescaped."""
-    entry = _entry(
-        r"C:\b",
-        r"C:\b\src\esphome\x.cpp",
-        r"C:\esp\bin\g++.exe -DVER=\"1.2.3\" -IC:/inc/a -c x.cpp",
-    )
-
-    cxx_path, defines, includes, _ = idedata._parse_entry(entry)
-
-    assert cxx_path == "C:/esp/bin/g++.exe"
-    assert "\\" not in cxx_path
-    assert 'VER="1.2.3"' in defines
-    assert "C:/inc/a" in includes
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_espidf_runner.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_espidf_runner.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e4cc6e137e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_espidf_runner.py
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+"""Tests for esphome.espidf.runner."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import io
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import threading
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.espidf import runner
+
+# A flushing runner delivers the first line in well under a second; this is
+# only ever waited out when the shim has gone back to buffering, so keep it
+# just long enough to cover interpreter startup on a loaded CI machine.
+FIRST_LINE_TIMEOUT = 10.0
+
+
+def _prepare_main(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, probe: Path, *args: str
+) -> tuple[io.BytesIO, io.TextIOWrapper]:
+    """Point ``runner.main()`` at *probe* with a buffered fake stdout.
+
+    ``main`` rewrites ``sys.path``, ``sys.argv``, both std streams and
+    ``os.get_terminal_size``; every one of those is monkeypatched so it is
+    put back afterwards. The fake stdout is block buffered like a pipe, so
+    the caller can tell whether the shim flushed. The wrapper comes back with
+    the buffer because dropping it would close the buffer underneath us.
+    """
+    buf = io.BytesIO()
+    stream = io.TextIOWrapper(buf, encoding="utf-8", newline="\n", line_buffering=False)
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "path", list(sys.path))
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "argv", ["runner.py", str(probe), *args])
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "stdout", stream)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "stderr", stream)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(os, "get_terminal_size", os.get_terminal_size)
+
+    return buf, stream
+
+
+def _run_main(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, probe: Path, *args: str
+) -> tuple[io.BytesIO, io.TextIOWrapper]:
+    """Run ``runner.main()`` against *probe* and expect a clean exit."""
+    buf, stream = _prepare_main(monkeypatch, probe, *args)
+    assert runner.main() == 0
+    return buf, stream
+
+
+def test_main_filters_noise_and_flushes_each_write(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, fixture_path: Path
+) -> None:
+    """Useful lines reach the stream right away; noisy ones are dropped."""
+    buf, _stream = _run_main(
+        monkeypatch, fixture_path / "espidf" / "filtering_probe.py"
+    )
+
+    # Read before any flush of our own: the shim has to have flushed.
+    output = buf.getvalue().decode("utf-8")
+
+    assert "Compiling main.cpp\n" in output
+    assert "[2/9] Building C object\n" in output
+    # Matched by FILTER_IDF_LINES, so they never leave the runner.
+    assert "Project build complete." not in output
+    assert "-- Component paths:" not in output
+    # Held back until the end because no terminator arrived.
+    assert output.endswith("still going\n")
+
+
+def test_main_keeps_output_after_a_form_feed(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, fixture_path: Path
+) -> None:
+    """A form feed is text, not a line break, so nothing after it is lost."""
+    buf, _stream = _run_main(monkeypatch, fixture_path / "espidf" / "formfeed_probe.py")
+
+    assert buf.getvalue().decode("utf-8") == (
+        "Compiling main.cpp\npage one\x0cpage two\n[2/9] Building C object\n"
+    )
+
+
+def test_main_drains_a_partial_line_when_the_build_dies(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, fixture_path: Path
+) -> None:
+    """A build that stops mid line must still show that line.
+
+    This is the whole point of draining: the message explaining why the
+    build failed is exactly the one most likely to arrive without a
+    trailing newline.
+    """
+    buf, _stream = _prepare_main(
+        monkeypatch, fixture_path / "espidf" / "crashing_probe.py"
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(SystemExit) as excinfo:
+        runner.main()
+
+    assert excinfo.value.code == 2
+    assert buf.getvalue().decode("utf-8") == "FATAL: ld returned 1 exit status\n"
+
+
+def test_main_reports_rather_than_raises_when_draining_fails(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    fixture_path: Path,
+    capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str],
+) -> None:
+    """A stream that closed under us must not crash the runner's cleanup.
+
+    The drain runs from a ``finally``, so an exception there would replace
+    whatever exit code the build was carrying back.
+    """
+    _prepare_main(monkeypatch, fixture_path / "espidf" / "closing_probe.py")
+
+    assert runner.main() == 0
+    reported = capfd.readouterr().err
+    assert "Could not write out remaining output" in reported
+    # The held line has to come along; the stream it was meant for is gone.
+    assert "partial before close" in reported
+
+
+def test_main_survives_a_drain_failure_with_nowhere_to_report_it(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, fixture_path: Path
+) -> None:
+    """With no real stderr to report to, cleanup still must not raise.
+
+    ``sys.__stderr__`` is None on some interpreters, and ``print(file=None)``
+    falls back to ``sys.stdout``, which here is the shim wrapping the stream
+    that just failed.
+    """
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "__stderr__", None)
+    _prepare_main(monkeypatch, fixture_path / "espidf" / "closing_probe.py")
+
+    assert runner.main() == 0
+
+
+def test_main_still_filters_a_drained_partial_line(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, fixture_path: Path
+) -> None:
+    """Releasing a held line does not smuggle noise past the filter."""
+    buf, _stream = _run_main(
+        monkeypatch, fixture_path / "espidf" / "partial_noise_probe.py"
+    )
+
+    assert buf.getvalue().decode("utf-8") == "Compiling main.cpp\n"
+
+
+def test_main_keeps_everything_in_verbose_mode(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, fixture_path: Path
+) -> None:
+    """``-v`` turns the filter off so the noisy lines survive."""
+    buf, _stream = _run_main(
+        monkeypatch, fixture_path / "espidf" / "filtering_probe.py", "-v"
+    )
+
+    output = buf.getvalue().decode("utf-8")
+
+    assert "Project build complete.\n" in output
+    assert "-- Component paths: /a /b /c\n" in output
+    # With no filter there is no line buffering, so the partial line goes
+    # straight through as well.
+    assert output.endswith("still going")
+
+
+def test_runner_streams_output_before_the_build_finishes(
+    fixture_path: Path, probe_env: dict[str, str]
+) -> None:
+    """The runner must flush, or a dashboard build looks frozen.
+
+    ``toolchain.py`` spawns the runner as a plain script with no ``-u``, and
+    hands it a pipe when esphome itself is running under the dashboard. A
+    pipe is block buffered, so without a flush in the shim's ``write()`` the
+    output sits in the child until 8 KiB piles up or the build ends.
+    """
+    runner_py = Path(runner.__file__)
+    probe = fixture_path / "espidf" / "streaming_probe.py"
+
+    with subprocess.Popen(
+        [sys.executable, str(runner_py), str(probe)],
+        stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+        # Keep stderr: if the runner dies on startup, its traceback is the
+        # only clue about why no line showed up.
+        stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+        env=probe_env,
+        text=True,
+    ) as proc:
+        assert proc.stdout is not None
+        assert proc.stderr is not None
+        first_line: list[str] = []
+        reader = threading.Thread(
+            target=lambda: first_line.append(proc.stdout.readline()), daemon=True
+        )
+        try:
+            reader.start()
+            reader.join(FIRST_LINE_TIMEOUT)
+            still_running = proc.poll() is None
+
+            # The probe sleeps for a minute after writing, so reaching us at
+            # all means the line was flushed rather than released at exit.
+            assert first_line == ["Compiling main.cpp\n"], (
+                f"runner stderr: {'' if still_running else proc.stderr.read()}"
+            )
+            assert still_running
+        finally:
+            proc.kill()
+            proc.wait()
+            # Join before leaving the block, so the reader is done rather than
+            # racing ``Popen`` closing the pipe under it.
+            reader.join(1.0)
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_espidf_toolchain.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_espidf_toolchain.py
index 56f358a24c..9deb27d83c 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_espidf_toolchain.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_espidf_toolchain.py
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 
 # pylint: disable=protected-access
 
+from collections.abc import Iterator
+from contextlib import contextmanager
 import json
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
@@ -100,6 +102,33 @@ def _setup_build(setup_core: Path) -> tuple[Path, Path]:
     return compile_commands, cache
 
 
+def test_has_outdated_files_detects_exclusion_change(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """A newer exclude_components.esphomeinternal stamp forces a reconfigure
+    so components that leave the exclusion set get rediscovered."""
+    CORE.build_path = setup_core
+    build = setup_core / "build"
+    (build / "config").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (build / "config" / "sdkconfig.h").write_text("")
+    cmakecache = build / "CMakeCache.txt"
+    cmakecache.write_text("")
+    (build / "build.ninja").write_text("")
+
+    with patch.object(CORE, "name", "test"):
+        assert not toolchain.has_outdated_files()
+
+        stamp = setup_core / "exclude_components.esphomeinternal"
+        stamp.write_text("unity")
+        os.utime(stamp, (cmakecache.stat().st_mtime + 10,) * 2)
+
+        assert toolchain.has_outdated_files()
+
+        # The flag must clear once the reference file is restamped (as
+        # run_compile does after a successful discovery reconfigure);
+        # otherwise every later build would repeat the discovery pass.
+        os.utime(cmakecache, (stamp.stat().st_mtime + 10,) * 2)
+        assert not toolchain.has_outdated_files()
+
+
 def test_get_idedata_returns_none_without_compile_commands(setup_core: Path) -> None:
     """No compile DB yet -> None (rather than an error)."""
     _setup_build(setup_core)
@@ -113,7 +142,7 @@ def test_get_idedata_generates_and_caches(setup_core: Path) -> None:
     compile_commands.write_text("[]")
 
     with patch(
-        "esphome.espidf.idedata.idedata_from_build",
+        "esphome.build_helpers.idedata.idedata_from_build",
         return_value={"cxx_path": "g++"},
     ) as mock_transform:
         result = toolchain.get_idedata()
@@ -124,114 +153,6 @@ def test_get_idedata_generates_and_caches(setup_core: Path) -> None:
     assert json.loads(cache.read_text()) == {"cxx_path": "g++", "prog_path": prog_path}
 
 
-def test_get_idedata_uses_cache_when_valid(setup_core: Path) -> None:
-    """A cache at least as new as the compile DB is reused without regenerating."""
-    compile_commands, cache = _setup_build(setup_core)
-    compile_commands.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    compile_commands.write_text("[]")
-    cache.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    cache.write_text('{"cc_path": "cached-gcc", "cxx_path": "cached"}')
-    cc_mtime = compile_commands.stat().st_mtime
-    os.utime(cache, (cc_mtime + 1, cc_mtime + 1))
-
-    with patch("esphome.espidf.idedata.idedata_from_build") as mock_transform:
-        result = toolchain.get_idedata()
-
-    mock_transform.assert_not_called()
-    assert result == {"cc_path": "cached-gcc", "cxx_path": "cached"}
-
-
-def test_get_idedata_regenerates_cache_without_cc_path(setup_core: Path) -> None:
-    """A cache predating cc_path is rebuilt even though it is newer.
-
-    Such a cache stays newer than the compile DB forever, so consumers that
-    derive the binutils paths from cc_path would keep failing on it.
-    """
-    compile_commands, cache = _setup_build(setup_core)
-    compile_commands.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    compile_commands.write_text("[]")
-    cache.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    cache.write_text('{"cxx_path": "cached"}')
-    cc_mtime = compile_commands.stat().st_mtime
-    os.utime(cache, (cc_mtime + 1, cc_mtime + 1))
-
-    with patch(
-        "esphome.espidf.idedata.idedata_from_build",
-        return_value={"cc_path": "gcc", "cxx_path": "g++"},
-    ) as mock_transform:
-        result = toolchain.get_idedata()
-
-    mock_transform.assert_called_once()
-    assert result["cc_path"] == "gcc"
-
-
-def test_get_idedata_regenerates_when_compile_commands_newer(setup_core: Path) -> None:
-    """A compile DB newer than the cache forces regeneration."""
-    compile_commands, cache = _setup_build(setup_core)
-    cache.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    cache.write_text('{"cxx_path": "stale"}')
-    compile_commands.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    compile_commands.write_text("[]")
-    cache_mtime = cache.stat().st_mtime
-    os.utime(compile_commands, (cache_mtime + 1, cache_mtime + 1))
-
-    with patch(
-        "esphome.espidf.idedata.idedata_from_build",
-        return_value={"cxx_path": "fresh"},
-    ) as mock_transform:
-        result = toolchain.get_idedata()
-
-    mock_transform.assert_called_once()
-    assert result == {"cxx_path": "fresh", "prog_path": str(toolchain.get_elf_path())}
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("cached", ['"cc_path is a string"', "[]", "42"])
-def test_get_idedata_regenerates_on_non_dict_cache(
-    setup_core: Path, cached: str
-) -> None:
-    """A newer cache holding valid JSON that is not an object is regenerated.
-
-    A bare string would otherwise pass the cc_path check by substring and be
-    handed to consumers expecting a dict.
-    """
-    compile_commands, cache = _setup_build(setup_core)
-    compile_commands.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    compile_commands.write_text("[]")
-    cache.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    cache.write_text(cached)
-    cc_mtime = compile_commands.stat().st_mtime
-    os.utime(cache, (cc_mtime + 1, cc_mtime + 1))
-
-    with patch(
-        "esphome.espidf.idedata.idedata_from_build",
-        return_value={"cc_path": "gcc", "cxx_path": "g++"},
-    ) as mock_transform:
-        result = toolchain.get_idedata()
-
-    mock_transform.assert_called_once()
-    assert isinstance(result, dict)
-
-
-def test_get_idedata_regenerates_on_corrupted_cache(setup_core: Path) -> None:
-    """An unparseable (but newer) cache falls back to regeneration."""
-    compile_commands, cache = _setup_build(setup_core)
-    compile_commands.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    compile_commands.write_text("[]")
-    cache.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    cache.write_text("{not json")
-    cc_mtime = compile_commands.stat().st_mtime
-    os.utime(cache, (cc_mtime + 1, cc_mtime + 1))
-
-    with patch(
-        "esphome.espidf.idedata.idedata_from_build",
-        return_value={"cxx_path": "regen"},
-    ) as mock_transform:
-        result = toolchain.get_idedata()
-
-    mock_transform.assert_called_once()
-    assert result == {"cxx_path": "regen", "prog_path": str(toolchain.get_elf_path())}
-
-
 def test_get_idedata_prog_path_points_at_firmware_elf(setup_core: Path) -> None:
     """The idedata exposes prog_path (the ELF) so consumers like build-action
     can locate firmware.factory.bin / firmware.ota.bin as its siblings."""
@@ -240,7 +161,7 @@ def test_get_idedata_prog_path_points_at_firmware_elf(setup_core: Path) -> None:
     compile_commands.write_text("[]")
 
     with patch(
-        "esphome.espidf.idedata.idedata_from_build",
+        "esphome.build_helpers.idedata.idedata_from_build",
         return_value={"cxx_path": "g++"},
     ):
         result = toolchain.get_idedata()
@@ -265,6 +186,21 @@ def test_get_idf_env_sets_git_ceiling_directories(setup_core: Path) -> None:
     assert str(CORE.config_dir) in env["GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES"].split(os.pathsep)
 
 
+def test_get_idf_env_pops_inherited_pythonpath(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """A PYTHONPATH from the parent environment must not reach idf.py.
+
+    It would override the IDF venv's isolation, shadowing its pinned
+    packages and failing idf.py's dependency check.
+    """
+    toolchain._cache().env.clear()
+    with patch.dict(
+        os.environ,
+        {"IDF_PATH": str(setup_core), "PYTHONPATH": "/outside/site-packages"},
+    ):
+        env = toolchain._get_idf_env(version="5.5.4")
+    assert "PYTHONPATH" not in env
+
+
 def test_get_cmake_output_without_build_dir(setup_core: Path) -> None:
     """A build dir that was never created raises EsphomeError.
 
@@ -358,6 +294,335 @@ def test_run_idf_py_jobs_sets_build_jobs_env(setup_core: Path) -> None:
         assert "IDF_PY_BUILD_JOBS" not in env
 
 
+def test_run_compile_restamps_cmakecache_after_discovery(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """After a successful discovery reconfigure the reference CMakeCache.txt
+    is restamped; cmake does not rewrite it when only properties or plain
+    variables change, so the staleness flag would otherwise never clear."""
+    _setup_build(setup_core)
+    config = {CONF_ESPHOME: {}}
+    cmakecache = CORE.relative_build_path("build/CMakeCache.txt")
+    build_ninja = CORE.relative_build_path("build/build.ninja")
+    cmakecache.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    cmakecache.write_text("")
+    build_ninja.write_text("")
+    old = cmakecache.stat().st_mtime - 100
+    os.utime(cmakecache, (old, old))
+    os.utime(build_ninja, (old, old))
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(toolchain, "need_reconfigure", return_value=True),
+        patch.object(toolchain, "load_cached_builtin_components", return_value=None),
+        patch.object(toolchain, "save_cached_builtin_components"),
+        patch(
+            "esphome.build_gen.espidf.get_available_components", return_value=["lwip"]
+        ),
+        patch("esphome.build_gen.espidf.write_project"),
+        patch.object(toolchain, "run_reconfigure", return_value=0),
+        patch.object(toolchain, "run_idf_py", return_value=0),
+        patch.object(toolchain, "print_summary"),
+    ):
+        assert toolchain.run_compile(config, verbose=False) == 0
+
+    assert cmakecache.stat().st_mtime > old
+    # build.ninja must not be older than the cache or ninja re-runs cmake
+    assert build_ninja.stat().st_mtime >= cmakecache.stat().st_mtime
+
+
+def test_run_compile_discovery_without_cmakecache(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """A discovery pass that produced no CMakeCache.txt (nothing to restamp)
+    still completes normally."""
+    _setup_build(setup_core)
+    config = {CONF_ESPHOME: {}}
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(toolchain, "need_reconfigure", return_value=True),
+        patch.object(toolchain, "load_cached_builtin_components", return_value=None),
+        patch.object(toolchain, "save_cached_builtin_components"),
+        patch(
+            "esphome.build_gen.espidf.get_available_components", return_value=["lwip"]
+        ),
+        patch("esphome.build_gen.espidf.write_project"),
+        patch.object(toolchain, "run_reconfigure", return_value=0),
+        patch.object(toolchain, "run_idf_py", return_value=0),
+        patch.object(toolchain, "print_summary"),
+    ):
+        assert toolchain.run_compile(config, verbose=False) == 0
+
+    assert not CORE.relative_build_path("build/CMakeCache.txt").exists()
+
+
+def test_run_compile_reconfigures_after_full_write_outside_testing_mode(
+    setup_core: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """The full CMakeLists write is followed by a reconfigure (#18682); a
+    failure there stops the build and leaves the cache unstamped."""
+    _setup_build(setup_core)
+    config = {CONF_ESPHOME: {}}
+    cmakecache = CORE.relative_build_path("build/CMakeCache.txt")
+    cmakecache.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    cmakecache.write_text("")
+    old = cmakecache.stat().st_mtime - 100
+    os.utime(cmakecache, (old, old))
+    calls: list[tuple] = []
+    reconfigures = 0
+
+    def record_write(minimal: bool = False, builtin_components=None) -> None:
+        calls.append(("write_project", minimal))
+
+    def record_reconfigure() -> int:
+        nonlocal reconfigures
+        reconfigures += 1
+        calls.append(("run_reconfigure",))
+        return 1 if reconfigures == 2 else 0
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(toolchain, "need_reconfigure", return_value=True),
+        patch.object(toolchain, "load_cached_builtin_components", return_value=None),
+        patch.object(toolchain, "save_cached_builtin_components"),
+        patch(
+            "esphome.build_gen.espidf.get_available_components", return_value=["lwip"]
+        ),
+        patch("esphome.build_gen.espidf.write_project", side_effect=record_write),
+        patch.object(toolchain, "run_reconfigure", side_effect=record_reconfigure),
+        patch.object(toolchain, "run_idf_py", return_value=0) as mock_build,
+        patch.object(toolchain, "print_summary"),
+    ):
+        assert not CORE.testing_mode
+        assert toolchain.run_compile(config, verbose=False) == 1
+
+    assert calls == [
+        ("write_project", True),
+        ("run_reconfigure",),
+        ("write_project", False),
+        ("run_reconfigure",),
+    ]
+    mock_build.assert_not_called()
+    assert cmakecache.stat().st_mtime == old
+
+
+def _record_compile_calls(
+    cached: list[str] | None,
+    saved: list[str] | None = None,
+    reconfigure_rcs: tuple[int, ...] = (),
+    cache_file: Path | None = None,
+) -> tuple[int, list[tuple]]:
+    """Run run_compile with a stubbed cache and return (rc, call log).
+
+    ``reconfigure_rcs`` overrides the exit codes of the first reconfigures;
+    later ones succeed.
+    """
+    calls: list[tuple] = []
+    rcs = iter(reconfigure_rcs)
+
+    def record_reconfigure() -> int:
+        calls.append(("run_reconfigure",))
+        return next(rcs, 0)
+
+    def record_write(minimal: bool = False, builtin_components=None) -> None:
+        calls.append(("write_project", minimal, builtin_components))
+
+    def record_save(components: list[str]) -> None:
+        calls.append(("save", components))
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(toolchain, "need_reconfigure", return_value=True),
+        patch.object(toolchain, "load_cached_builtin_components", return_value=cached),
+        patch.object(
+            toolchain, "save_cached_builtin_components", side_effect=record_save
+        ),
+        patch("esphome.build_gen.espidf.get_available_components", return_value=saved),
+        patch("esphome.build_gen.espidf.write_project", side_effect=record_write),
+        patch.object(toolchain, "run_reconfigure", side_effect=record_reconfigure),
+        patch.object(
+            toolchain, "_builtin_component_cache_path", return_value=cache_file
+        ),
+        patch.object(
+            toolchain,
+            "run_idf_py",
+            side_effect=lambda *a, **kw: calls.append(("build",)) or 0,
+        ),
+        patch.object(toolchain, "print_summary"),
+    ):
+        rc = toolchain.run_compile({CONF_ESPHOME: {}}, verbose=False)
+    return rc, calls
+
+
+def test_run_compile_poisoned_cache_is_dropped_and_rediscovered(
+    setup_core: Path, tmp_path: Path
+) -> None:
+    """A cached list that fails the configure is deleted and discovery runs
+    once more instead of every later build failing the same way."""
+    _setup_build(setup_core)
+    cache_file = tmp_path / "esp32-abc.json"
+    cache_file.write_text("[]")
+    rc, calls = _record_compile_calls(
+        ["stale"], saved=["lwip"], reconfigure_rcs=(1,), cache_file=cache_file
+    )
+    assert rc == 0
+    assert not cache_file.exists()
+    assert calls == [
+        ("write_project", False, ["stale"]),
+        ("run_reconfigure",),
+        ("write_project", True, None),
+        ("run_reconfigure",),
+        ("write_project", False, ["lwip"]),
+        ("run_reconfigure",),
+        ("save", ["lwip"]),
+        ("build",),
+    ]
+
+
+def test_run_compile_cache_miss_discovers_and_saves(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """Without a cached list the discovery configure runs, the discovered list
+    feeds the full write and is cached only after that configure succeeds."""
+    _setup_build(setup_core)
+    rc, calls = _record_compile_calls(None, saved=["lwip"])
+    assert rc == 0
+    assert calls == [
+        ("write_project", True, None),
+        ("run_reconfigure",),
+        ("write_project", False, ["lwip"]),
+        ("run_reconfigure",),
+        ("save", ["lwip"]),
+        ("build",),
+    ]
+
+
+def test_run_compile_discovery_failure_stops_before_full_write(
+    setup_core: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """A failed discovery configure returns its exit code and never writes
+    the full CMakeLists, a cache entry or a build."""
+    _setup_build(setup_core)
+    rc, calls = _record_compile_calls(None, reconfigure_rcs=(2,))
+    assert rc == 2
+    assert calls == [("write_project", True, None), ("run_reconfigure",)]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("discovered", [None, []], ids=["no_manifest", "empty"])
+def test_run_compile_fails_when_discovery_finds_nothing(
+    setup_core: Path,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+    discovered: list[str] | None,
+) -> None:
+    _setup_build(setup_core)
+    rc, calls = _record_compile_calls(None, saved=discovered)
+    assert rc == 1
+    assert calls == [("write_project", True, None), ("run_reconfigure",)]
+    assert "found no built-in ESP-IDF components" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_run_compile_does_not_cache_a_list_that_failed_to_configure(
+    setup_core: Path,
+) -> None:
+    _setup_build(setup_core)
+    rc, calls = _record_compile_calls(None, saved=["lwip"], reconfigure_rcs=(0, 3))
+    assert rc == 3
+    assert ("save", ["lwip"]) not in calls
+    assert ("build",) not in calls
+
+
+def test_run_compile_cache_hit_skips_discovery(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """A cached list goes straight to the full write; the explicit reconfigure
+    after it (#18730) still runs."""
+    _setup_build(setup_core)
+    rc, calls = _record_compile_calls(["esp_timer", "lwip"])
+    assert rc == 0
+    assert calls == [
+        ("write_project", False, ["esp_timer", "lwip"]),
+        ("run_reconfigure",),
+        ("build",),
+    ]
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def _cache_env(tmp_path: Path, excluded: str) -> Iterator[Path]:
+    """Patch everything the cache key derives from onto a temp IDF tree and
+    yield that tree's path."""
+    idf_path = tmp_path / "idf"
+    (idf_path / "components").mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    with (
+        patch.object(toolchain, "_get_idf_path", return_value=idf_path),
+        patch.dict(CORE.data, {KEY_ESP32: {KEY_VARIANT: "ESP32"}}),
+        patch.dict(CORE.cmake_args, {"EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS": excluded}),
+    ):
+        yield idf_path
+
+
+def test_component_cache_round_trip(setup_core: Path, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A saved list is read back until it is dropped."""
+    _setup_build(setup_core)
+    with _cache_env(tmp_path, "fatfs") as idf_path:
+        for name in ("lwip", "esp_timer"):
+            (idf_path / "components" / name).mkdir()
+        assert toolchain.load_cached_builtin_components() is None
+        toolchain.save_cached_builtin_components(["esp_timer", "lwip"])
+        assert toolchain.load_cached_builtin_components() == ["esp_timer", "lwip"]
+        toolchain._builtin_component_cache_path().unlink()
+        assert toolchain.load_cached_builtin_components() is None
+
+
+def test_component_cache_misses_on_key_change_or_missing_component(
+    setup_core: Path, tmp_path: Path
+) -> None:
+    """A different exclusion set uses another entry, an entry naming a
+    component that no longer exists is ignored, and a custom IDF_PATH is
+    never cached."""
+    _setup_build(setup_core)
+    with _cache_env(tmp_path, "fatfs") as idf_path:
+        (idf_path / "components" / "lwip").mkdir()
+        toolchain.save_cached_builtin_components(["lwip"])
+        path = toolchain._builtin_component_cache_path()
+        assert path.parent == idf_path / ".esphome_component_lists"
+        assert path.name.startswith("esp32-")
+        assert toolchain.load_cached_builtin_components() == ["lwip"]
+        with patch.dict(os.environ, {"IDF_PATH": str(idf_path)}):
+            assert toolchain.load_cached_builtin_components() is None
+    with _cache_env(tmp_path, "fatfs;unity"):
+        assert toolchain.load_cached_builtin_components() is None
+    with _cache_env(tmp_path, "fatfs") as idf_path:
+        path.write_text(json.dumps(["lwip", "gone"]))
+        assert toolchain.load_cached_builtin_components() is None
+        # A plain file with the right name is not a component directory.
+        (idf_path / "components" / "gone").write_text("not a directory")
+        assert toolchain.load_cached_builtin_components() is None
+
+
+def test_component_cache_save_skips_empty_list_or_custom_idf_path(
+    setup_core: Path, tmp_path: Path
+) -> None:
+    _setup_build(setup_core)
+    with _cache_env(tmp_path, "") as idf_path:
+        toolchain.save_cached_builtin_components([])
+        with patch.dict(os.environ, {"IDF_PATH": str(idf_path)}):
+            toolchain.save_cached_builtin_components(["lwip"])
+        assert not (idf_path / ".esphome_component_lists").exists()
+
+
+def test_component_cache_write_failure_is_logged(
+    setup_core: Path, tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    _setup_build(setup_core)
+    with (
+        _cache_env(tmp_path, ""),
+        patch.object(toolchain, "write_file", side_effect=EsphomeError("disk full")),
+    ):
+        toolchain.save_cached_builtin_components(["lwip"])
+        assert toolchain.load_cached_builtin_components() is None
+    assert "Could not write component list cache" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_component_cache_ignores_corrupt_file(setup_core: Path, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    _setup_build(setup_core)
+    with _cache_env(tmp_path, ""):
+        path = toolchain._builtin_component_cache_path()
+        path.parent.mkdir(parents=True)
+        path.write_text("{not json")
+        assert toolchain.load_cached_builtin_components() is None
+        path.write_text(json.dumps({"components": ["lwip"]}))
+        assert toolchain.load_cached_builtin_components() is None
+
+
 def test_run_compile_passes_compile_process_limit(setup_core: Path) -> None:
     """compile_process_limit is forwarded to run_idf_py as the job limit."""
     _setup_build(setup_core)
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_espota2.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_espota2.py
index 9413fbcf29..8867e2c215 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_espota2.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_espota2.py
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ from collections.abc import Generator
 import gzip
 import hashlib
 import io
+import itertools
+import logging
 from pathlib import Path
 import socket
 import struct
@@ -44,13 +46,18 @@ def mock_file() -> io.BytesIO:
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
-def mock_time() -> Generator[None]:
+def mock_sleep() -> Generator[Mock]:
+    """Mock time.sleep so delays don't slow down tests."""
+    with patch("time.sleep") as mock:
+        yield mock
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def mock_time(mock_sleep: Mock) -> Generator[None]:
     """Mock time-related functions for consistent testing."""
-    # Provide enough values for multiple calls (tests may call perform_ota multiple times)
-    with (
-        patch("time.sleep"),
-        patch("time.perf_counter", side_effect=[0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1]),
-    ):
+    # Monotonically increasing, never exhausted regardless of how many timing
+    # windows perform_ota measures or how many times a test calls it
+    with patch("time.perf_counter", side_effect=itertools.count()):
         yield
 
 
@@ -79,6 +86,28 @@ def mock_resolve_ip() -> Generator[Mock]:
         yield mock
 
 
+DUAL_STACK_SA6 = ("2001:db8::1", 3232, 0, 0)
+DUAL_STACK_SA4 = ("192.168.1.100", 3232)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def mock_resolve_ip_dual(mock_resolve_ip: Mock) -> Mock:
+    """Make resolve_ip_address return an IPv6 and an IPv4 address."""
+    mock_resolve_ip.return_value = [
+        (socket.AF_INET6, socket.SOCK_STREAM, 0, "", DUAL_STACK_SA6),
+        (socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM, 0, "", DUAL_STACK_SA4),
+    ]
+    return mock_resolve_ip
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def firmware_file(tmp_path: Path) -> Path:
+    """Create a firmware file on disk for run_ota_impl_ tests."""
+    firmware = tmp_path / "firmware.bin"
+    firmware.write_bytes(b"firmware content")
+    return firmware
+
+
 @pytest.fixture
 def mock_perform_ota() -> Generator[Mock]:
     """Mock perform_ota function for testing."""
@@ -137,9 +166,11 @@ def test_receive_exactly_with_error_response(mock_socket: Mock) -> None:
 
     with pytest.raises(
         espota2.OTAError, match="receiving auth:.*Authentication invalid"
-    ):
+    ) as exc_info:
         espota2.receive_exactly(mock_socket, 1, "auth", [espota2.RESPONSE_OK])
 
+    # Device-reported errors must stay plain OTAError, not the retryable kind
+    assert not isinstance(exc_info.value, espota2.OTANetworkError)
     mock_socket.close.assert_called_once()
 
 
@@ -147,10 +178,30 @@ def test_receive_exactly_socket_error(mock_socket: Mock) -> None:
     """Test receive_exactly handles socket errors."""
     mock_socket.recv.side_effect = OSError("Connection reset")
 
-    with pytest.raises(espota2.OTAError, match="receiving test response"):
+    with pytest.raises(espota2.OTANetworkError, match="receiving test response"):
         espota2.receive_exactly(mock_socket, 1, "test", espota2.RESPONSE_OK)
 
 
+def test_receive_exactly_mid_read_socket_error(mock_socket: Mock) -> None:
+    """Test receive_exactly handles socket errors after the first byte."""
+    mock_socket.recv.side_effect = [b"\x00", OSError("Connection reset")]
+
+    with pytest.raises(espota2.OTANetworkError, match="receiving test:"):
+        espota2.receive_exactly(mock_socket, 3, "test", espota2.RESPONSE_OK)
+
+
+def test_receive_exactly_closed_connection_is_network_error(mock_socket: Mock) -> None:
+    """Test receive_exactly raises OTANetworkError when the device closes the connection."""
+    mock_socket.recv.return_value = b""
+
+    with pytest.raises(
+        espota2.OTANetworkError, match="Device closed connection without responding"
+    ):
+        espota2.receive_exactly(mock_socket, 1, "test", espota2.RESPONSE_OK)
+
+    mock_socket.close.assert_called_once()
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     ("error_code", "expected_msg"),
     [
@@ -227,15 +278,15 @@ def test_check_error_unexpected_response() -> None:
 
 
 def test_check_error_empty_data() -> None:
-    """Test check_error raises error when device closes connection without responding."""
+    """Test check_error raises the retryable OTANetworkError when the device closes the connection."""
     with pytest.raises(
-        espota2.OTAError, match="Device closed connection without responding"
+        espota2.OTANetworkError, match="Device closed connection without responding"
     ):
         espota2.check_error([], [espota2.RESPONSE_OK])
 
     # Also test with empty bytes
     with pytest.raises(
-        espota2.OTAError, match="Device closed connection without responding"
+        espota2.OTANetworkError, match="Device closed connection without responding"
     ):
         espota2.check_error(b"", [espota2.RESPONSE_OK])
 
@@ -324,7 +375,9 @@ def test_perform_ota_successful_md5_auth(
 
 
 @pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_time")
-def test_perform_ota_no_auth(mock_socket: Mock, mock_file: io.BytesIO) -> None:
+def test_perform_ota_no_auth(
+    mock_socket: Mock, mock_file: io.BytesIO, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
     """Test OTA without authentication."""
     recv_responses = [
         bytes([espota2.RESPONSE_OK]),  # First byte of version response
@@ -339,7 +392,14 @@ def test_perform_ota_no_auth(mock_socket: Mock, mock_file: io.BytesIO) -> None:
 
     mock_socket.recv.side_effect = recv_responses
 
-    espota2.perform_ota(mock_socket, None, mock_file, "test.bin")
+    # Distinct window lengths pin each duration to its label; exactly the 6
+    # expected perf_counter calls, so an unaccounted timing window raises
+    timings = [0.0, 2.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, 27.0]
+    with (
+        patch("time.perf_counter", side_effect=timings),
+        caplog.at_level(logging.INFO),
+    ):
+        espota2.perform_ota(mock_socket, None, mock_file, "test.bin")
 
     # Should not send any auth-related data
     auth_calls = [
@@ -349,6 +409,14 @@ def test_perform_ota_no_auth(mock_socket: Mock, mock_file: io.BytesIO) -> None:
     ]
     assert len(auth_calls) == 0
 
+    # The timing summary is the observable output of the upload; exact strings
+    # pin each duration to its label
+    assert "Preparing for upload took 2.00 seconds" in caplog.text
+    assert (
+        "Update took 14.00 seconds (prepare 2.00, upload 5.00, commit 7.00)"
+        in caplog.text
+    )
+
 
 @pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_time")
 def test_perform_ota_with_compression(mock_socket: Mock) -> None:
@@ -530,6 +598,144 @@ def test_perform_ota_upload_error(mock_socket: Mock, mock_file: io.BytesIO) -> N
         espota2.perform_ota(mock_socket, None, mock_file, "test.bin")
 
 
+def _no_auth_handshake(version: int) -> list[bytes]:
+    """Recv responses for a handshake without auth, up to the MD5 check."""
+    return [
+        bytes([espota2.RESPONSE_OK]),  # First byte of version response
+        bytes([version]),  # Version number
+        bytes([espota2.RESPONSE_HEADER_OK]),  # Features response
+        bytes([espota2.RESPONSE_AUTH_OK]),  # No auth required
+        bytes([espota2.RESPONSE_UPDATE_PREPARE_OK]),  # Binary size OK
+        bytes([espota2.RESPONSE_BIN_MD5_OK]),  # MD5 checksum OK
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_time")
+def test_perform_ota_chunk_send_error(mock_socket: Mock, mock_file: io.BytesIO) -> None:
+    """Test OTA raises the retryable OTANetworkError when sending a chunk fails."""
+    mock_socket.recv.side_effect = [
+        *_no_auth_handshake(espota2.OTA_VERSION_2_0),
+        OSError("Connection reset"),  # Probe for a pending error byte fails too
+    ]
+    # Sends before the data phase: magic bytes, features, binary size, MD5;
+    # fail on the fifth sendall, the first firmware chunk
+    mock_socket.sendall.side_effect = [None] * 4 + [OSError("Broken pipe")]
+
+    with pytest.raises(espota2.OTANetworkError, match="sending data:"):
+        espota2.perform_ota(mock_socket, None, mock_file, "test.bin")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_time")
+def test_perform_ota_chunk_send_error_surfaces_device_error(
+    mock_socket: Mock, mock_file: io.BytesIO
+) -> None:
+    """Test a device error byte pending behind a send failure becomes the cause."""
+    mock_socket.recv.side_effect = [
+        *_no_auth_handshake(espota2.OTA_VERSION_1_0),
+        bytes([espota2.RESPONSE_ERROR_WRITING_FLASH]),  # Reason the device closed
+    ]
+    mock_socket.sendall.side_effect = [None] * 4 + [OSError("Broken pipe")]
+
+    with pytest.raises(
+        espota2.OTAError, match="Writing OTA data to flash memory failed"
+    ) as exc:
+        espota2.perform_ota(mock_socket, None, mock_file, "test.bin")
+
+    # The device-reported error is not retryable
+    assert not isinstance(exc.value, espota2.OTANetworkError)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_time")
+def test_perform_ota_final_chunk_ack_failure_not_retryable(
+    mock_socket: Mock, mock_file: io.BytesIO
+) -> None:
+    """Test a lost ack for the final chunk is not retried."""
+    mock_socket.recv.side_effect = [
+        *_no_auth_handshake(espota2.OTA_VERSION_2_0),
+        OSError("Connection reset"),  # Ack for the only (final) chunk is lost
+    ]
+
+    with pytest.raises(espota2.OTAError, match="receiving chunk result") as exc:
+        espota2.perform_ota(mock_socket, None, mock_file, "test.bin")
+
+    # The device already had the whole image, so it may be committing
+    assert not isinstance(exc.value, espota2.OTANetworkError)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_time")
+def test_perform_ota_intermediate_chunk_ack_failure_retryable(
+    mock_socket: Mock,
+) -> None:
+    """Test a lost ack for a non-final chunk stays retryable."""
+    # Two chunks: the firmware is larger than one upload block
+    big_file = io.BytesIO(b"x" * (espota2.UPLOAD_BLOCK_SIZE + 1))
+    mock_socket.recv.side_effect = [
+        *_no_auth_handshake(espota2.OTA_VERSION_2_0),
+        OSError("Connection reset"),  # Ack for the first of two chunks is lost
+    ]
+
+    with pytest.raises(espota2.OTANetworkError, match="receiving chunk result"):
+        espota2.perform_ota(mock_socket, None, big_file, "test.bin")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_time")
+def test_perform_ota_post_commit_failure_not_retryable(
+    mock_socket: Mock, mock_file: io.BytesIO
+) -> None:
+    """Test a network failure after the device committed is a plain OTAError."""
+    mock_socket.recv.side_effect = [
+        *_no_auth_handshake(espota2.OTA_VERSION_1_0),
+        bytes([espota2.RESPONSE_RECEIVE_OK]),  # Device received everything
+        OSError("Connection reset"),  # Connection lost waiting for end result
+    ]
+
+    with pytest.raises(espota2.OTAError, match="receiving update end result") as exc:
+        espota2.perform_ota(mock_socket, None, mock_file, "test.bin")
+
+    # Must not be the retryable kind; the device is already rebooting
+    assert not isinstance(exc.value, espota2.OTANetworkError)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_time")
+def test_perform_ota_md5_mismatch_not_marked_committed(
+    mock_socket: Mock, mock_file: io.BytesIO
+) -> None:
+    """Test an MD5 mismatch keeps its own message and stays non-retryable."""
+    mock_socket.recv.side_effect = [
+        *_no_auth_handshake(espota2.OTA_VERSION_1_0),
+        bytes([espota2.RESPONSE_RECEIVE_OK]),  # Device received everything
+        bytes([espota2.RESPONSE_ERROR_MD5_MISMATCH]),  # Device aborted the update
+    ]
+
+    with pytest.raises(espota2.OTAError, match="MD5 code mismatch") as exc:
+        espota2.perform_ota(mock_socket, None, mock_file, "test.bin")
+
+    # The device aborted without committing, so the message must not claim
+    # the update may have been installed, and the error must not be retried
+    assert not isinstance(exc.value, espota2.OTANetworkError)
+    assert "committed" not in str(exc.value)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_time")
+def test_perform_ota_end_ack_send_failure_is_success(
+    mock_socket: Mock, mock_file: io.BytesIO
+) -> None:
+    """Test a send failure on the final acknowledgement does not fail the OTA."""
+    mock_socket.recv.side_effect = [
+        *_no_auth_handshake(espota2.OTA_VERSION_1_0),
+        bytes([espota2.RESPONSE_RECEIVE_OK]),  # Device received everything
+        bytes([espota2.RESPONSE_UPDATE_END_OK]),  # Update committed
+    ]
+    # Sends: magic bytes, features, binary size, MD5, one firmware chunk;
+    # fail on the sixth sendall, the end acknowledgement
+    mock_socket.sendall.side_effect = [None] * 5 + [OSError("Broken pipe")]
+
+    # Must not raise; the device treats a missing acknowledgement as non-fatal
+    espota2.perform_ota(mock_socket, None, mock_file, "test.bin")
+
+    assert mock_socket.sendall.call_count == 6
+
+
 @pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_socket_constructor", "mock_resolve_ip")
 def test_run_ota_impl_successful(
     mock_socket: Mock, tmp_path: Path, mock_perform_ota: Mock
@@ -564,21 +770,183 @@ def test_run_ota_impl_successful(
 
 
 @pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_socket_constructor", "mock_resolve_ip")
-def test_run_ota_impl_connection_failed(mock_socket: Mock, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-    """Test run_ota_impl_ when connection fails."""
+def test_run_ota_impl_connection_failed(
+    mock_socket: Mock, firmware_file: Path, mock_sleep: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """Test run_ota_impl_ retries when connection fails and eventually gives up."""
     mock_socket.connect.side_effect = OSError("Connection refused")
 
-    # Create a real firmware file
-    firmware_file = tmp_path / "firmware.bin"
-    firmware_file.write_bytes(b"firmware content")
-
     result_code, result_host = espota2.run_ota_impl_(
         "test.local", 3232, "password", str(firmware_file)
     )
 
     assert result_code == 1
     assert result_host is None
-    mock_socket.close.assert_called_once()
+    # A single address gets the whole attempt budget, with a delay before
+    # each revisit
+    assert mock_socket.connect.call_count == espota2.EXTRA_UPLOAD_ATTEMPTS + 1
+    assert mock_socket.close.call_count == espota2.EXTRA_UPLOAD_ATTEMPTS + 1
+    assert mock_sleep.call_count == espota2.EXTRA_UPLOAD_ATTEMPTS
+    mock_sleep.assert_called_with(espota2.UPLOAD_RETRY_DELAY)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_socket_constructor", "mock_resolve_ip")
+def test_run_ota_impl_connect_retry_succeeds(
+    mock_socket: Mock, firmware_file: Path, mock_perform_ota: Mock, mock_sleep: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """Test run_ota_impl_ succeeds when a retry connects after a failed attempt."""
+    mock_socket.connect.side_effect = [OSError("Connection timed out"), None]
+
+    result_code, result_host = espota2.run_ota_impl_(
+        "test.local", 3232, "password", str(firmware_file)
+    )
+
+    assert result_code == 0
+    assert result_host == "192.168.1.100"
+    assert mock_socket.connect.call_count == 2
+    mock_sleep.assert_called_once_with(espota2.UPLOAD_RETRY_DELAY)
+    mock_perform_ota.assert_called_once()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_socket_constructor", "mock_resolve_ip")
+def test_run_ota_impl_network_error_retry_succeeds(
+    mock_socket: Mock, firmware_file: Path, mock_perform_ota: Mock, mock_sleep: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """Test run_ota_impl_ retries after a network error during the upload."""
+    mock_perform_ota.side_effect = [
+        espota2.OTANetworkError("receiving features: Device closed connection"),
+        None,
+    ]
+
+    result_code, result_host = espota2.run_ota_impl_(
+        "test.local", 3232, "password", str(firmware_file)
+    )
+
+    assert result_code == 0
+    assert result_host == "192.168.1.100"
+    assert mock_perform_ota.call_count == 2
+    mock_sleep.assert_called_once_with(espota2.UPLOAD_RETRY_DELAY)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_socket_constructor", "mock_resolve_ip")
+def test_run_ota_impl_network_error_exhausts_attempts(
+    mock_socket: Mock, firmware_file: Path, mock_perform_ota: Mock, mock_sleep: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """Test run_ota_impl_ gives up after all attempts hit network errors."""
+    mock_perform_ota.side_effect = espota2.OTANetworkError("sending data: broken pipe")
+
+    result_code, result_host = espota2.run_ota_impl_(
+        "test.local", 3232, "password", str(firmware_file)
+    )
+
+    assert result_code == 1
+    assert result_host is None
+    assert mock_perform_ota.call_count == espota2.EXTRA_UPLOAD_ATTEMPTS + 1
+    assert mock_sleep.call_count == espota2.EXTRA_UPLOAD_ATTEMPTS
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_socket_constructor", "mock_resolve_ip_dual")
+def test_run_ota_impl_multiple_addresses_cycle(
+    mock_socket: Mock, firmware_file: Path, mock_sleep: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """Test run_ota_impl_ visits every address and cycles for the retries."""
+    mock_socket.connect.side_effect = OSError("No route to host")
+
+    result_code, result_host = espota2.run_ota_impl_(
+        "test.local", 3232, "password", str(firmware_file)
+    )
+
+    assert result_code == 1
+    assert result_host is None
+    # Each address is visited once, then the EXTRA_UPLOAD_ATTEMPTS spare
+    # attempts cycle back through them; the budget is shared, not per address
+    assert mock_socket.connect.call_args_list == [
+        call(DUAL_STACK_SA6),
+        call(DUAL_STACK_SA4),
+        call(DUAL_STACK_SA6),
+        call(DUAL_STACK_SA4),
+    ]
+    # No connect ever reached the device, so the delay only applies before
+    # the revisits
+    assert mock_sleep.call_count == 2
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_socket_constructor", "mock_resolve_ip_dual")
+def test_run_ota_impl_second_address_succeeds_without_delay(
+    mock_socket: Mock,
+    firmware_file: Path,
+    mock_perform_ota: Mock,
+    mock_sleep: Mock,
+) -> None:
+    """Test run_ota_impl_ falls through to the next address with no pause."""
+    mock_socket.connect.side_effect = [OSError("No route to host"), None]
+
+    result_code, result_host = espota2.run_ota_impl_(
+        "test.local", 3232, "password", str(firmware_file)
+    )
+
+    assert result_code == 0
+    assert result_host == "192.168.1.100"
+    mock_sleep.assert_not_called()
+    mock_perform_ota.assert_called_once()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_socket_constructor", "mock_resolve_ip_dual")
+def test_run_ota_impl_pauses_after_reaching_device(
+    mock_socket: Mock,
+    firmware_file: Path,
+    mock_perform_ota: Mock,
+    mock_sleep: Mock,
+) -> None:
+    """Test run_ota_impl_ pauses before the next address once the device was reached."""
+    mock_perform_ota.side_effect = [
+        espota2.OTANetworkError("sending data: connection reset"),
+        None,
+    ]
+
+    result_code, result_host = espota2.run_ota_impl_(
+        "test.local", 3232, "password", str(firmware_file)
+    )
+
+    assert result_code == 0
+    assert result_host == "192.168.1.100"
+    # The first attempt reached the device, so the next one waits first even
+    # though it targets a fresh address
+    mock_sleep.assert_called_once_with(espota2.UPLOAD_RETRY_DELAY)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_socket_constructor", "mock_resolve_ip")
+def test_run_ota_impl_device_error_not_retried(
+    mock_socket: Mock, firmware_file: Path, mock_perform_ota: Mock, mock_sleep: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """Test run_ota_impl_ fails immediately on a device-reported error."""
+    mock_perform_ota.side_effect = espota2.OTAError(
+        "Authentication invalid. Is the password correct?"
+    )
+
+    result_code, result_host = espota2.run_ota_impl_(
+        "test.local", 3232, "password", str(firmware_file)
+    )
+
+    assert result_code == 1
+    assert result_host is None
+    mock_perform_ota.assert_called_once()
+    mock_sleep.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_run_ota_impl_no_addresses(
+    firmware_file: Path, mock_resolve_ip: Mock, mock_sleep: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """Test run_ota_impl_ fails cleanly when resolution yields no addresses."""
+    mock_resolve_ip.return_value = []
+
+    result_code, result_host = espota2.run_ota_impl_(
+        "test.local", 3232, "password", str(firmware_file)
+    )
+
+    assert result_code == 1
+    assert result_host is None
+    mock_sleep.assert_not_called()
 
 
 def test_run_ota_impl_resolve_failed(tmp_path: Path, mock_resolve_ip: Mock) -> None:
@@ -630,10 +998,10 @@ def test_progress_bar(capsys: CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     assert "100%" in captured.err
     assert "Done" in captured.err
 
-    # Test done method
+    # done() after the 100% frame adds nothing; that frame ended its line
     progress.done()
     captured = capsys.readouterr()
-    assert captured.err == "\n"
+    assert captured.err == ""
 
     # Test same progress doesn't update
     progress.update(0.5)
@@ -642,6 +1010,10 @@ def test_progress_bar(capsys: CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     # Should only see one update (second call shouldn't write)
     assert captured.err.count("50%") == 1
 
+    # done() after a mid-way frame ends the line
+    progress.done()
+    assert capsys.readouterr().err == "\n"
+
 
 # Tests for SHA256 authentication
 @pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_time")
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_espota2_noise.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_espota2_noise.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5b43d05530
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_espota2_noise.py
@@ -0,0 +1,407 @@
+"""Unit tests for encrypted OTA uploads in esphome.espota2.
+
+A fake device implementing the responder side of the wire protocol (via
+noiseprotocol, which esphome already has through aioesphomeapi) serves a real
+TCP loopback connection, so these exercise the actual handshake, framing, and
+cipher interop of the client code. Tests that need the client-side crypto skip
+when the installed aioesphomeapi predates the noise module.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import base64
+import hashlib
+import io
+from pathlib import Path
+import socket
+import sys
+import threading
+from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome import espota2
+
+PSK = base64.b64encode(bytes(range(32))).decode()
+OTHER_PSK = base64.b64encode(bytes(range(1, 33))).decode()
+
+MAGIC = bytes(espota2.MAGIC_BYTES)
+
+
+def _recv_exact(sock: socket.socket, amount: int) -> bytes:
+    data = b""
+    while len(data) < amount:
+        chunk = sock.recv(amount - len(data))
+        if not chunk:
+            raise ConnectionError("client closed")
+        data += chunk
+    return data
+
+
+def _frame(payload: bytes) -> bytes:
+    return (
+        bytes([espota2.NOISE_FRAME_INDICATOR, len(payload) >> 8, len(payload) & 0xFF])
+        + payload
+    )
+
+
+def _send_frame(sock: socket.socket, payload: bytes) -> None:
+    sock.sendall(_frame(payload))
+
+
+def _recv_frame(sock: socket.socket) -> bytes:
+    header = _recv_exact(sock, 3)
+    assert header[0] == 0x01
+    return _recv_exact(sock, (header[1] << 8) | header[2])
+
+
+class FakeEncryptedDevice(threading.Thread):
+    """Responder side of the encrypted OTA wire protocol."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        psk: str = PSK,
+        version: int = 2,
+        offer_noise: bool = True,
+        require_noise: bool = True,
+        prologue_features_override: int | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(daemon=True)
+        self.psk = psk
+        self.version = version
+        self.offer_noise = offer_noise
+        self.require_noise = require_noise
+        self.prologue_features_override = prologue_features_override
+        self.received: bytes | None = None
+        self.error: Exception | None = None
+        self.listener = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+        self.listener.bind(("127.0.0.1", 0))
+        self.listener.listen(1)
+        self.port = self.listener.getsockname()[1]
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            sock, _ = self.listener.accept()
+            sock.settimeout(10)
+            with sock:
+                self._serve(sock)
+        except Exception as err:  # noqa: BLE001 - surfaced via join_and_check
+            self.error = err
+        finally:
+            self.listener.close()
+
+    def join_and_check(self) -> None:
+        self.join(timeout=10)
+        assert not self.is_alive(), "fake device did not finish"
+        if self.error is not None:
+            raise self.error
+
+    def _serve(self, sock: socket.socket) -> None:
+        assert _recv_exact(sock, 5) == MAGIC
+        sock.sendall(bytes([espota2.RESPONSE_OK, self.version]))
+        features = _recv_exact(sock, 1)[0]
+        noise_negotiated = bool(
+            features & espota2.CLIENT_FEATURE_SUPPORTS_NOISE
+            and features & espota2.CLIENT_FEATURE_SUPPORTS_EXTENDED_PROTOCOL
+        )
+        if self.require_noise and not noise_negotiated:
+            sock.sendall(bytes([espota2.RESPONSE_ERROR_ENCRYPTION_REQUIRED]))
+            return
+        server_flags = espota2.SERVER_FEATURE_SUPPORTS_NOISE if self.offer_noise else 0
+        sock.sendall(bytes([espota2.RESPONSE_FEATURE_FLAGS, server_flags]))
+        if not (self.offer_noise and noise_negotiated):
+            return  # the client fails closed; nothing further arrives
+
+        from cryptography.exceptions import InvalidTag
+        from noise.connection import NoiseConnection
+
+        prologue_features = (
+            features
+            if self.prologue_features_override is None
+            else self.prologue_features_override
+        )
+        prologue = (
+            espota2.NOISE_PROLOGUE_INIT
+            + MAGIC
+            + bytes([espota2.RESPONSE_OK, self.version, prologue_features])
+            + bytes([espota2.RESPONSE_FEATURE_FLAGS, server_flags])
+        )
+        proto = NoiseConnection.from_name(b"Noise_NNpsk0_25519_ChaChaPoly_SHA256")
+        proto.set_as_responder()
+        proto.set_psks(base64.b64decode(self.psk))
+        proto.set_prologue(prologue)
+        proto.start_handshake()
+
+        msg1 = _recv_frame(sock)
+        assert msg1[0] == 0x00
+        try:
+            proto.read_message(msg1[1:])
+        except InvalidTag:
+            _send_frame(sock, b"\x01" + espota2.NOISE_MAC_FAILURE_REASON.encode())
+            return
+        _send_frame(sock, b"\x00" + bytes(proto.write_message()))
+
+        def send_byte(byte: int) -> None:
+            _send_frame(sock, proto.encrypt(bytes([byte])))
+
+        def recv_unit(length: int) -> bytes:
+            plaintext = proto.decrypt(_recv_frame(sock))
+            assert len(plaintext) == length, "control units must be one per frame"
+            return plaintext
+
+        send_byte(espota2.RESPONSE_AUTH_OK)
+        recv_unit(1)  # ota type
+        size = int.from_bytes(recv_unit(4), "big")
+        send_byte(espota2.RESPONSE_UPDATE_PREPARE_OK)
+        md5_hex = recv_unit(32)
+        send_byte(espota2.RESPONSE_BIN_MD5_OK)
+
+        received = b""
+        acked = 0
+        while len(received) < size:
+            plaintext = proto.decrypt(_recv_frame(sock))
+            assert 0 < len(plaintext) <= espota2.NOISE_MAX_PLAINTEXT
+            received += plaintext
+            if self.version >= espota2.OTA_VERSION_2_0:
+                while acked + espota2.UPLOAD_BLOCK_SIZE <= len(received) or (
+                    len(received) == size and acked < size
+                ):
+                    send_byte(espota2.RESPONSE_CHUNK_OK)
+                    acked += espota2.UPLOAD_BLOCK_SIZE
+        assert hashlib.md5(received).hexdigest().encode() == md5_hex
+        send_byte(espota2.RESPONSE_RECEIVE_OK)
+        send_byte(espota2.RESPONSE_UPDATE_END_OK)
+        assert recv_unit(1) == bytes([espota2.RESPONSE_OK])
+        self.received = received
+
+
+def _upload(
+    device: FakeEncryptedDevice, firmware: bytes, noise_psk: str | None
+) -> None:
+    device.start()
+    sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+    sock.settimeout(10)
+    sock.connect(("127.0.0.1", device.port))
+    try:
+        espota2.perform_ota(
+            sock, None, io.BytesIO(firmware), Path("firmware.bin"), noise_psk=noise_psk
+        )
+    finally:
+        sock.close()
+
+
+def test_encrypted_upload_success() -> None:
+    """A full encrypted v2 upload spanning several 8192-byte blocks."""
+    pytest.importorskip("aioesphomeapi.noise")
+    firmware = bytes(range(256)) * 80  # 20480 bytes, crosses chunk-ack boundaries
+    device = FakeEncryptedDevice()
+    with patch("time.sleep"):
+        _upload(device, firmware, PSK)
+    device.join_and_check()
+    assert device.received == firmware
+
+
+def test_encrypted_upload_version_1() -> None:
+    """Version 1 protocol (no chunk acks) works through the noise transport."""
+    pytest.importorskip("aioesphomeapi.noise")
+    firmware = b"v1 firmware image" * 100
+    device = FakeEncryptedDevice(version=1)
+    with patch("time.sleep"):
+        _upload(device, firmware, PSK)
+    device.join_and_check()
+    assert device.received == firmware
+
+
+def test_wrong_key_fails_with_clear_error() -> None:
+    """A key mismatch surfaces the device's handshake reject readably."""
+    pytest.importorskip("aioesphomeapi.noise")
+    device = FakeEncryptedDevice(psk=OTHER_PSK)
+    with pytest.raises(espota2.OTAError, match="encryption key correct"):
+        _upload(device, b"firmware", PSK)
+    device.join_and_check()
+
+
+def test_tampered_negotiation_breaks_handshake() -> None:
+    """A negotiation byte differing between the sides breaks the prologue MAC."""
+    pytest.importorskip("aioesphomeapi.noise")
+    device = FakeEncryptedDevice(
+        prologue_features_override=espota2.CLIENT_FEATURE_SUPPORTS_EXTENDED_PROTOCOL
+    )
+    with pytest.raises(espota2.OTAError, match="encryption key correct"):
+        _upload(device, b"firmware", PSK)
+    device.join_and_check()
+
+
+def test_client_fails_closed_when_device_lacks_encryption() -> None:
+    """With a key configured, a device not offering noise aborts the upload."""
+    device = FakeEncryptedDevice(offer_noise=False, require_noise=False)
+    with pytest.raises(espota2.OTAError, match="refusing to send the image"):
+        _upload(device, b"firmware", PSK)
+    device.join_and_check()
+
+
+def test_plaintext_client_gets_encryption_required_error() -> None:
+    """A client without a key gets the device's 0x94 error message."""
+    device = FakeEncryptedDevice()
+    with pytest.raises(espota2.OTAError, match="requires an encrypted OTA"):
+        _upload(device, b"firmware", None)
+    device.join_and_check()
+
+
+def test_missing_aioesphomeapi_noise_module_message() -> None:
+    """An aioesphomeapi without the noise module produces a clear error."""
+    with (
+        patch.dict(sys.modules, {"aioesphomeapi.noise": None}),
+        pytest.raises(espota2.OTAError, match="requires a newer aioesphomeapi"),
+    ):
+        espota2.NoiseSocketWrapper(Mock(), PSK, b"prologue")
+
+
+class ScriptedSocket:
+    """Serves scripted recv chunks; b"" means the peer closed."""
+
+    def __init__(self, *chunks: bytes | Exception) -> None:
+        self.chunks = list(chunks)
+        self.sent: list[bytes] = []
+
+    def sendall(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        self.sent.append(data)
+
+    def settimeout(self, timeout: float) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def recv(self, amount: int) -> bytes:
+        if not self.chunks:
+            return b""
+        chunk = self.chunks[0]
+        if isinstance(chunk, Exception):
+            self.chunks.pop(0)
+            raise chunk
+        take, rest = chunk[:amount], chunk[amount:]
+        if rest:
+            self.chunks[0] = rest
+        else:
+            self.chunks.pop(0)
+        return take
+
+
+def _wrapper(*chunks: bytes | Exception) -> espota2.NoiseSocketWrapper:
+    pytest.importorskip("aioesphomeapi.noise")
+    return espota2.NoiseSocketWrapper(ScriptedSocket(*chunks), PSK, b"prologue")
+
+
+def test_wrapper_rejects_malformed_psk() -> None:
+    pytest.importorskip("aioesphomeapi.noise")
+    with pytest.raises(espota2.OTAError, match="Invalid OTA encryption key"):
+        espota2.NoiseSocketWrapper(ScriptedSocket(), "not-base64!!!", b"prologue")
+
+
+def test_handshake_socket_error_is_network_error() -> None:
+    wrapper = _wrapper(OSError("boom"))
+    with pytest.raises(espota2.OTANetworkError, match="noise handshake"):
+        wrapper.do_handshake()
+
+
+def test_handshake_closed_at_frame_boundary() -> None:
+    wrapper = _wrapper()
+    with pytest.raises(espota2.OTANetworkError, match="closed connection during"):
+        wrapper.do_handshake()
+
+
+def test_handshake_reject_with_other_reason() -> None:
+    wrapper = _wrapper(_frame(b"\x01Handshake error"))
+    with pytest.raises(
+        espota2.OTAError, match="rejected the noise handshake: Handshake error"
+    ):
+        wrapper.do_handshake()
+
+
+def test_handshake_garbage_second_message() -> None:
+    """A valid-looking point with a garbage MAC fails cleanly."""
+    wrapper = _wrapper(_frame(b"\x00" + bytes(range(48))))
+    with pytest.raises(
+        espota2.OTAError, match="handshake failed; is the OTA encryption key"
+    ):
+        wrapper.do_handshake()
+
+
+def test_handshake_invalid_curve_point() -> None:
+    """An all-zero x25519 point is rejected as a clean error, not a crash."""
+    wrapper = _wrapper(_frame(b"\x00" + bytes(48)))
+    with pytest.raises(
+        espota2.OTAError, match="handshake failed; is the OTA encryption key"
+    ):
+        wrapper.do_handshake()
+
+
+def test_recv_closed_at_frame_boundary_returns_empty() -> None:
+    wrapper = _wrapper()
+    assert wrapper.recv(1) == b""
+
+
+def test_recv_corrupt_frame_is_retryable_network_error() -> None:
+    from cryptography.exceptions import InvalidTag
+
+    wrapper = _wrapper(_frame(b"ciphertext"))
+    wrapper._decrypt = Mock(decrypt=Mock(side_effect=InvalidTag()))
+    with pytest.raises(espota2.OTANetworkError, match="decryption failed"):
+        wrapper.recv(1)
+
+
+def test_wrapper_blocks_unencrypted_socket_methods() -> None:
+    """Byte-moving socket methods must not bypass the encrypted transport."""
+    wrapper = _wrapper()
+    # The harmless socket controls pass through to the wrapped socket
+    wrapper._sock = Mock()
+    wrapper.settimeout(1)
+    wrapper._sock.settimeout.assert_called_once_with(1)
+    wrapper.setsockopt(6, 1, 1)
+    wrapper._sock.setsockopt.assert_called_once_with(6, 1, 1)
+    wrapper.close()
+    wrapper._sock.close.assert_called_once_with()
+    with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
+        _ = wrapper.send
+    with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
+        _ = wrapper.recv_into
+
+
+def test_recv_empty_plaintext_frame_is_protocol_error() -> None:
+    """A MAC-only frame decrypts to nothing; b'' from recv must mean close."""
+    wrapper = _wrapper(_frame(bytes(16)))
+    wrapper._decrypt = Mock(decrypt=Mock(return_value=b""))
+    with pytest.raises(espota2.OTANetworkError, match="empty noise frame"):
+        wrapper.recv(1)
+
+
+def test_recv_frame_bad_indicator_is_retryable() -> None:
+    wrapper = _wrapper(b"\x02\x00\x01x")
+    with pytest.raises(espota2.OTANetworkError, match="Bad noise frame indicator"):
+        wrapper._recv_frame()
+
+
+def test_recv_frame_zero_length_is_retryable() -> None:
+    wrapper = _wrapper(bytes([espota2.NOISE_FRAME_INDICATOR, 0, 0]))
+    with pytest.raises(espota2.OTANetworkError, match="empty noise frame"):
+        wrapper._recv_frame()
+
+
+def test_perform_ota_blank_key_refuses_plaintext() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(espota2.OTAError, match="empty OTA encryption key"):
+        espota2.perform_ota(
+            ScriptedSocket(), None, io.BytesIO(b"x"), Path("f.bin"), noise_psk=""
+        )
+
+
+def test_recv_exact_closed_mid_frame() -> None:
+    wrapper = _wrapper(_frame(b"partial")[:5])
+    with pytest.raises(OSError, match="closed inside a noise frame"):
+        wrapper._recv_frame()
+
+
+def test_recv_serves_buffered_plaintext_without_new_frame() -> None:
+    """A second recv drains the decrypted buffer without reading another frame."""
+    wrapper = _wrapper(_frame(b"ciphertext"))
+    wrapper._decrypt = Mock(decrypt=Mock(return_value=b"AB"))
+    assert wrapper.recv(1) == b"A"  # reads and decrypts one frame
+    assert wrapper.recv(1) == b"B"  # served from the buffer, no new frame
+    wrapper._decrypt.decrypt.assert_called_once()
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_external_files.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_external_files.py
index 16cee9564f..caefb7ed5c 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_external_files.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_external_files.py
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
 import time
-from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+from typing import Any
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, call, patch
 
 import pytest
 import requests
@@ -26,19 +27,21 @@ def _seed_etag(cache_file: Path, etag: str) -> Path:
 
 @pytest.fixture
 def mock_requests_head() -> MagicMock:
-    """Patch `external_files.requests.head` so the conditional HEAD-request
-    validator can be tested without doing real HTTP.
+    """Patch `requests.head` so the conditional HEAD-request validator can
+    be tested without doing real HTTP. Patched on the requests module
+    because external_files imports it lazily inside the function.
     """
-    with patch("esphome.external_files.requests.head") as m:
+    with patch("requests.head") as m:
         yield m
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
 def mock_requests_get() -> MagicMock:
-    """Patch `external_files.requests.get` so the download path can be
-    tested without doing real HTTP.
+    """Patch `requests.get` so the download path can be tested without
+    doing real HTTP. Patched on the requests module because
+    external_files imports it lazily inside the function.
     """
-    with patch("esphome.external_files.requests.get") as m:
+    with patch("requests.get") as m:
         yield m
 
 
@@ -78,6 +81,15 @@ def mock_download_content_many() -> MagicMock:
         yield m
 
 
+@pytest.fixture
+def mock_retry_sleep() -> MagicMock:
+    """Patch the retry backoff sleep (process-wide; net_retry.time is the
+    global module) so transient-error tests don't really wait 2s/4s.
+    """
+    with patch("esphome.net_retry.time.sleep") as m:
+        yield m
+
+
 def test_compute_local_file_dir(setup_core: Path) -> None:
     """Test compute_local_file_dir creates and returns correct path."""
     domain = "font"
@@ -492,6 +504,7 @@ class _BodyReadErrorResponse:
 def test_download_content_with_body_read_error_uses_cache(
     mock_has_remote_file_changed: MagicMock,
     mock_requests_get: MagicMock,
+    mock_retry_sleep: MagicMock,
     setup_core: Path,
 ) -> None:
     """Body-read errors (chunked-decode/gzip-decode/mid-stream connection
@@ -516,6 +529,7 @@ def test_download_content_with_body_read_error_uses_cache(
 def test_download_content_with_body_read_error_no_cache_fails(
     mock_has_remote_file_changed: MagicMock,
     mock_requests_get: MagicMock,
+    mock_retry_sleep: MagicMock,
     setup_core: Path,
 ) -> None:
     """A body-read failure with no cache available must surface as a
@@ -532,6 +546,131 @@ def test_download_content_with_body_read_error_no_cache_fails(
         external_files.download_content("https://example.com/file.txt", test_file)
 
 
+def test_download_content_retries_transient_error_then_succeeds(
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed: MagicMock,
+    mock_requests_get: MagicMock,
+    mock_retry_sleep: MagicMock,
+    setup_core: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """Transient failures (connection reset, timeout) are retried with 2s/4s
+    backoff before giving up; a late success downloads normally."""
+    test_file = setup_core / "downloads" / "file.txt"
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed.return_value = True
+
+    ok = MagicMock()
+    ok.content = b"downloaded"
+    ok.headers = {}
+    mock_requests_get.side_effect = [
+        requests.exceptions.ConnectionError("reset by peer"),
+        requests.exceptions.Timeout("timed out"),
+        ok,
+    ]
+
+    result = external_files.download_content("https://example.com/file.txt", test_file)
+
+    assert result == b"downloaded"
+    assert test_file.read_bytes() == b"downloaded"
+    assert mock_retry_sleep.call_args_list == [call(2), call(4)]
+
+
+def test_download_content_transient_error_exhausts_attempts(
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed: MagicMock,
+    mock_requests_get: MagicMock,
+    mock_retry_sleep: MagicMock,
+    setup_core: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """A persistent transient failure gives up after three attempts and then
+    follows the normal no-cache error path."""
+    test_file = setup_core / "nonexistent.txt"
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed.return_value = True
+    mock_requests_get.side_effect = requests.exceptions.ConnectionError("reset by peer")
+
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="Could not download from.*reset by peer"):
+        external_files.download_content("https://example.com/file.txt", test_file)
+
+    assert mock_retry_sleep.call_args_list == [call(2), call(4)]
+
+
+def test_download_content_non_transient_error_not_retried(
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed: MagicMock,
+    mock_requests_get: MagicMock,
+    mock_retry_sleep: MagicMock,
+    setup_core: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """Permanent failures like a 404 fail on the first attempt."""
+    test_file = setup_core / "nonexistent.txt"
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed.return_value = True
+
+    response = MagicMock()
+    response.status_code = 404
+    mock_requests_get.side_effect = requests.exceptions.HTTPError(
+        "404 Client Error", response=response
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="Could not download from.*404"):
+        external_files.download_content("https://example.com/file.txt", test_file)
+
+    assert mock_requests_get.call_count == 1
+    mock_retry_sleep.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_download_content_retries_body_read_error(
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed: MagicMock,
+    mock_requests_get: MagicMock,
+    mock_retry_sleep: MagicMock,
+    setup_core: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """Mid-stream failures surfacing from `.content` are retried too."""
+    test_file = setup_core / "downloads" / "file.txt"
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed.return_value = True
+
+    ok = MagicMock()
+    ok.content = b"downloaded"
+    ok.headers = {}
+    mock_requests_get.side_effect = [
+        _BodyReadErrorResponse(
+            requests.exceptions.ChunkedEncodingError("body truncated")
+        ),
+        ok,
+    ]
+
+    result = external_files.download_content("https://example.com/file.txt", test_file)
+
+    assert result == b"downloaded"
+    assert mock_requests_get.call_count == 2
+    assert mock_retry_sleep.call_args_list == [call(2)]
+
+
+def test_has_remote_file_changed_retries_transient_error(
+    mock_requests_head: MagicMock,
+    mock_retry_sleep: MagicMock,
+    setup_core: Path,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A HEAD revalidation that fails transiently then returns 304 does not
+    mark the cached copy stale, and the retry warning names the operation."""
+    test_file = setup_core / "cached.txt"
+    test_file.write_bytes(b"cached content")
+
+    ok = MagicMock()
+    ok.status_code = 304
+    ok.headers = {}
+    mock_requests_head.side_effect = [
+        requests.exceptions.ConnectionError("reset by peer"),
+        ok,
+    ]
+
+    changed = external_files.has_remote_file_changed(
+        "https://example.com/file.txt", test_file
+    )
+
+    assert changed is False
+    assert test_file not in external_files._run_data().stale_paths
+    assert mock_requests_head.call_count == 2
+    assert mock_retry_sleep.call_args_list == [call(2)]
+    assert "Revalidation of" in caplog.text
+
+
 def test_download_content_skip_external_update_uses_cache(
     mock_has_remote_file_changed: MagicMock,
     mock_requests_get: MagicMock,
@@ -549,6 +688,10 @@ def test_download_content_skip_external_update_uses_cache(
     assert result == cached_content
     mock_has_remote_file_changed.assert_not_called()
     mock_requests_get.assert_not_called()
+    # Deliberately unchecked is memoized for the run but never "fresh".
+    assert not external_files.is_fresh_this_run(test_file)
+    assert external_files.download_content(url, test_file) == cached_content
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed.assert_not_called()
 
 
 def test_download_content_skip_external_update_downloads_when_missing(
@@ -587,10 +730,16 @@ def test_download_content_many_single_item_avoids_pool(
     mock_download_content: MagicMock, setup_core: Path
 ) -> None:
     """A single item should be downloaded inline (no thread pool overhead)."""
-    item = ("https://example.com/file.txt", setup_core / "f.txt")
+    item = external_files.RemoteFile(
+        "https://example.com/file.txt", setup_core / "f.txt"
+    )
     external_files.download_content_many([item])
     mock_download_content.assert_called_once_with(
-        item[0], item[1], external_files.NETWORK_TIMEOUT
+        item.url,
+        item.path,
+        external_files.NETWORK_TIMEOUT,
+        allow_stale=True,
+        return_content=False,
     )
 
 
@@ -602,7 +751,12 @@ def test_download_content_many_runs_in_parallel(
 
     barrier = threading.Barrier(3)
 
-    def slow_download(url: str, path: Path, timeout: int) -> bytes:
+    def slow_download(
+        url: str,
+        path: Path,
+        *args: Any,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> bytes:
         # If calls were serial this would deadlock (third caller never arrives
         # while the first is blocked at the barrier).
         barrier.wait(timeout=2.0)
@@ -610,9 +764,9 @@ def test_download_content_many_runs_in_parallel(
 
     mock_download_content.side_effect = slow_download
     items = [
-        ("https://example.com/a", setup_core / "a"),
-        ("https://example.com/b", setup_core / "b"),
-        ("https://example.com/c", setup_core / "c"),
+        external_files.RemoteFile("https://example.com/a", setup_core / "a"),
+        external_files.RemoteFile("https://example.com/b", setup_core / "b"),
+        external_files.RemoteFile("https://example.com/c", setup_core / "c"),
     ]
     external_files.download_content_many(items, max_workers=4)
     assert mock_download_content.call_count == 3
@@ -625,15 +779,20 @@ def test_download_content_many_propagates_single_error(
     it in a `MultipleInvalid` that the caller would have to unpack.
     """
 
-    def fake_download(url: str, path: Path, timeout: int) -> bytes:
+    def fake_download(
+        url: str,
+        path: Path,
+        *args: Any,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> bytes:
         if url.endswith("bad"):
             raise Invalid(f"could not download {url}")
         return b""
 
     mock_download_content.side_effect = fake_download
     items = [
-        ("https://example.com/ok", setup_core / "ok"),
-        ("https://example.com/bad", setup_core / "bad"),
+        external_files.RemoteFile("https://example.com/ok", setup_core / "ok"),
+        external_files.RemoteFile("https://example.com/bad", setup_core / "bad"),
     ]
     with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="could not download") as exc_info:
         external_files.download_content_many(items)
@@ -648,16 +807,21 @@ def test_download_content_many_aggregates_multiple_errors(
     them one network round-trip at a time.
     """
 
-    def fake_download(url: str, path: Path, timeout: int) -> bytes:
+    def fake_download(
+        url: str,
+        path: Path,
+        *args: Any,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> bytes:
         if url.endswith("ok"):
             return b""
         raise Invalid(f"could not download {url}")
 
     mock_download_content.side_effect = fake_download
     items = [
-        ("https://example.com/ok", setup_core / "ok"),
-        ("https://example.com/bad1", setup_core / "bad1"),
-        ("https://example.com/bad2", setup_core / "bad2"),
+        external_files.RemoteFile("https://example.com/ok", setup_core / "ok"),
+        external_files.RemoteFile("https://example.com/bad1", setup_core / "bad1"),
+        external_files.RemoteFile("https://example.com/bad2", setup_core / "bad2"),
     ]
     with pytest.raises(MultipleInvalid) as exc_info:
         external_files.download_content_many(items)
@@ -678,9 +842,9 @@ def test_download_content_many_dedupes_by_path(
     """
     path = setup_core / "shared"
     items = [
-        ("https://example.com/a", path),
-        ("https://example.com/b", path),
-        ("https://example.com/a", path),
+        external_files.RemoteFile("https://example.com/a", path),
+        external_files.RemoteFile("https://example.com/b", path),
+        external_files.RemoteFile("https://example.com/a", path),
     ]
     external_files.download_content_many(items)
     assert mock_download_content.call_count == 1
@@ -695,8 +859,8 @@ def test_download_content_many_clamps_invalid_max_workers(
     be clamped up to at least 1 worker.
     """
     items = [
-        ("https://example.com/a", setup_core / "a"),
-        ("https://example.com/b", setup_core / "b"),
+        external_files.RemoteFile("https://example.com/a", setup_core / "a"),
+        external_files.RemoteFile("https://example.com/b", setup_core / "b"),
     ]
     external_files.download_content_many(items, max_workers=0)
     assert mock_download_content.call_count == 2
@@ -724,8 +888,8 @@ def test_download_web_files_in_config_filters_and_dispatches(
     assert result is config
     mock_download_content_many.assert_called_once()
     assert list(mock_download_content_many.call_args[0][0]) == [
-        ("https://example.com/a", setup_core / "a"),
-        ("https://example.com/c", setup_core / "c"),
+        external_files.RemoteFile("https://example.com/a", setup_core / "a"),
+        external_files.RemoteFile("https://example.com/c", setup_core / "c"),
     ]
 
 
@@ -799,3 +963,264 @@ def test_download_content_atomic_write_no_partial_on_failure(
     # into the cache directory either way.
     leftover_tmps = list(setup_core.glob("tmp*"))
     assert leftover_tmps == []
+
+
+def test_download_content_memoizes_fresh_path(
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed: MagicMock,
+    mock_requests_get: MagicMock,
+    setup_core: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """A path downloaded once this run skips all network on later calls."""
+    test_file = setup_core / "memo.txt"
+
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed.return_value = True
+    mock_response = MagicMock()
+    mock_response.content = b"fresh content"
+    mock_response.headers = {}
+    mock_requests_get.return_value = mock_response
+
+    url = "https://example.com/file.txt"
+    assert external_files.download_content(url, test_file) == b"fresh content"
+    assert external_files.download_content(url, test_file) == b"fresh content"
+
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed.assert_called_once()
+    mock_requests_get.assert_called_once()
+
+
+def test_download_content_memo_revalidates_deleted_file(
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed: MagicMock,
+    mock_requests_get: MagicMock,
+    setup_core: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """A memoized path whose file vanished is downloaded again."""
+    test_file = setup_core / "memo.txt"
+
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed.return_value = True
+    mock_response = MagicMock()
+    mock_response.content = b"fresh content"
+    mock_response.headers = {}
+    mock_requests_get.return_value = mock_response
+
+    url = "https://example.com/file.txt"
+    external_files.download_content(url, test_file)
+    test_file.unlink()
+    external_files.download_content(url, test_file)
+
+    assert mock_requests_get.call_count == 2
+
+
+def test_download_content_failure_fails_fast_on_retry(
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed: MagicMock,
+    mock_requests_get: MagicMock,
+    setup_core: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """A failed download is remembered; a retry raises without network."""
+    test_file = setup_core / "memo.txt"
+
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed.return_value = True
+    mock_requests_get.side_effect = requests.exceptions.RequestException("boom")
+
+    url = "https://example.com/file.txt"
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="boom"):
+        external_files.download_content(url, test_file)
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="boom"):
+        external_files.download_content(url, test_file)
+
+    mock_requests_get.assert_called_once()
+
+
+def test_download_content_failed_path_revalidates_when_file_appears(
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed: MagicMock,
+    mock_requests_get: MagicMock,
+    setup_core: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """A recorded failure is dropped once the file exists on disk."""
+    test_file = setup_core / "memo.txt"
+
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed.return_value = True
+    mock_requests_get.side_effect = requests.exceptions.RequestException("boom")
+
+    url = "https://example.com/file.txt"
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid):
+        external_files.download_content(url, test_file)
+
+    # Another writer produced the file; the cached failure no longer applies
+    # and the network error now falls back to the on-disk copy.
+    test_file.write_bytes(b"appeared")
+    assert external_files.download_content(url, test_file) == b"appeared"
+
+
+def test_download_content_network_error_fallback_memoizes(
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed: MagicMock,
+    mock_requests_get: MagicMock,
+    setup_core: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """Falling back to a cached file memoizes, so a flaky host is hit once."""
+    test_file = setup_core / "memo.txt"
+    test_file.write_bytes(b"cached content")
+
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed.return_value = True
+    mock_requests_get.side_effect = requests.exceptions.RequestException("boom")
+
+    url = "https://example.com/file.txt"
+    assert external_files.download_content(url, test_file) == b"cached content"
+    assert external_files.download_content(url, test_file) == b"cached content"
+
+    mock_requests_get.assert_called_once()
+
+
+def test_download_content_not_changed_uses_cache(
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed: MagicMock,
+    mock_requests_get: MagicMock,
+    setup_core: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """A 304 not-changed check serves the cached file without a GET."""
+    test_file = setup_core / "cached.txt"
+    test_file.write_bytes(b"cached content")
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed.return_value = False
+
+    url = "https://example.com/file.txt"
+    assert external_files.download_content(url, test_file) == b"cached content"
+
+    mock_requests_get.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_head_failure_fallback_is_stale_not_fresh(
+    mock_requests_head: MagicMock,
+    mock_requests_get: MagicMock,
+    setup_core: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """A HEAD network failure serves the copy once and memoizes it as stale."""
+    test_file = setup_core / "cached.txt"
+    test_file.write_bytes(b"cached content")
+
+    mock_requests_head.side_effect = requests.exceptions.RequestException("boom")
+
+    url = "https://example.com/file.txt"
+    assert external_files.download_content(url, test_file) == b"cached content"
+    assert external_files.download_content(url, test_file) == b"cached content"
+
+    mock_requests_head.assert_called_once()
+    mock_requests_get.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_allow_stale_false_rejects_unverified_copy(
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed: MagicMock,
+    mock_requests_get: MagicMock,
+    setup_core: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """allow_stale=False raises instead of building from an unverified copy."""
+    test_file = setup_core / "cached.txt"
+    test_file.write_bytes(b"cached content")
+
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed.return_value = True
+    mock_requests_get.side_effect = requests.exceptions.RequestException("boom")
+
+    url = "https://example.com/file.txt"
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="Could not download"):
+        external_files.download_content(url, test_file, allow_stale=False)
+
+    # A strict caller gets its own attempt at the network rather than
+    # inheriting the stale memo's verdict.
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="Could not download"):
+        external_files.download_content(url, test_file, allow_stale=False)
+    assert mock_requests_get.call_count == 2
+
+    # A caller that tolerates stale copies still gets the cached bytes.
+    assert external_files.download_content(url, test_file) == b"cached content"
+
+
+def test_allow_stale_false_rejects_head_failure_fallback(
+    mock_requests_head: MagicMock,
+    mock_requests_get: MagicMock,
+    setup_core: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """allow_stale=False also rejects a copy the HEAD could not confirm."""
+    test_file = setup_core / "cached.txt"
+    test_file.write_bytes(b"cached content")
+
+    mock_requests_head.side_effect = requests.exceptions.RequestException("boom")
+
+    url = "https://example.com/file.txt"
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="cannot be verified"):
+        external_files.download_content(url, test_file, allow_stale=False)
+    mock_requests_get.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_download_content_many_forwards_per_file_allow_stale(
+    mock_download_content: MagicMock, setup_core: Path
+) -> None:
+    """Each RemoteFile's own allow_stale reaches download_content."""
+    files = [
+        external_files.RemoteFile("https://example.com/a", setup_core / "a"),
+        external_files.RemoteFile(
+            "https://example.com/b", setup_core / "b", allow_stale=False
+        ),
+    ]
+    external_files.download_content_many(files)
+    forwarded = {
+        call.args[1]: call.kwargs["allow_stale"]
+        for call in mock_download_content.call_args_list
+    }
+    assert forwarded == {setup_core / "a": True, setup_core / "b": False}
+
+
+def test_download_content_many_dedupe_keeps_strictest(
+    mock_download_content: MagicMock, setup_core: Path
+) -> None:
+    """A strict duplicate wins over a permissive one for the same path."""
+    path = setup_core / "fw.bin"
+    files = [
+        external_files.RemoteFile("https://example.com/fw", path, allow_stale=False),
+        external_files.RemoteFile("https://example.com/fw", path),
+    ]
+    external_files.download_content_many(files)
+    mock_download_content.assert_called_once()
+    assert mock_download_content.call_args.kwargs["allow_stale"] is False
+
+
+def test_successful_head_revalidation_clears_stale(
+    mock_requests_head: MagicMock,
+    mock_requests_get: MagicMock,
+    setup_core: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """A confirmed 304 supersedes an earlier failed revalidation."""
+    test_file = setup_core / "cached.txt"
+    test_file.write_bytes(b"cached content")
+
+    ok_304 = MagicMock(status_code=304, headers={})
+    mock_requests_head.side_effect = [
+        requests.exceptions.RequestException("blip"),
+        ok_304,
+    ]
+
+    url = "https://example.com/file.txt"
+    assert external_files.download_content(url, test_file) == b"cached content"
+    # The stale memo short-circuits tolerant callers; a strict caller
+    # triggers a fresh HEAD, which now succeeds and clears the marker.
+    assert (
+        external_files.download_content(url, test_file, allow_stale=False)
+        == b"cached content"
+    )
+    # Verified now: served from the fresh memo with no more network.
+    assert external_files.download_content(url, test_file) == b"cached content"
+    assert mock_requests_head.call_count == 2
+    mock_requests_get.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_failed_path_replay_names_the_other_url(
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed: MagicMock,
+    mock_requests_get: MagicMock,
+    setup_core: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """A shared cache path replays the failure naming the original URL."""
+    test_file = setup_core / "shared.bin"
+
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed.return_value = True
+    mock_requests_get.side_effect = requests.exceptions.RequestException("boom")
+
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="first-url"):
+        external_files.download_content("https://example.com/first-url", test_file)
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="earlier download of.*first-url"):
+        external_files.download_content("https://example.com/second-url", test_file)
+    mock_requests_get.assert_called_once()
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_framework_helpers.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_framework_helpers.py
index 08751879c2..fcc5572f51 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_framework_helpers.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_framework_helpers.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 # pylint: disable=protected-access
 
+import gzip
 import hashlib
 import importlib.util
 import io
@@ -12,7 +13,9 @@ from pathlib import Path
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import tarfile
-from unittest.mock import MagicMock, Mock, patch
+import threading
+import time
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, Mock, call, patch
 import zipfile
 
 import pytest
@@ -22,12 +25,14 @@ from esphome import framework_helpers
 from esphome.core import EsphomeError
 from esphome.framework_helpers import (
     _7z_extract_all,
+    _BatchDownloadProgress,
     _detect_archive_root,
     _rename_with_retry,
     _tar_extract_all,
     _zip_extract_all,
     archive_extract_all,
     create_venv,
+    download_and_extract,
     download_from_mirrors,
     download_with_resume,
     get_project_compile_flags,
@@ -36,6 +41,7 @@ from esphome.framework_helpers import (
     get_python_env_executable_path,
     get_system_python_path,
     rmdir,
+    run_batch_downloads,
     run_command,
     run_command_ok,
     str_to_lst_of_str,
@@ -187,6 +193,24 @@ def test_run_command_passes_env(mock_subprocess_run: Mock) -> None:
     assert mock_subprocess_run.call_args[1]["env"]["MY_VAR"] == "42"
 
 
+def test_run_command_pops_inherited_pythonpath(mock_subprocess_run: Mock) -> None:
+    """A PYTHONPATH from the parent environment must not leak into subprocesses."""
+    mock_subprocess_run.return_value = Mock(returncode=0, stdout="", stderr="")
+    with patch.dict(os.environ, {"PYTHONPATH": "/outside/site-packages"}):
+        run_command(["cmd"])
+    assert "PYTHONPATH" not in mock_subprocess_run.call_args[1]["env"]
+
+
+def test_run_command_env_pythonpath_preferred_over_pop(
+    mock_subprocess_run: Mock,
+) -> None:
+    """A PYTHONPATH set explicitly via ``env`` is passed through."""
+    mock_subprocess_run.return_value = Mock(returncode=0, stdout="", stderr="")
+    with patch.dict(os.environ, {"PYTHONPATH": "/outside/site-packages"}):
+        run_command(["cmd"], env={"PYTHONPATH": "/idf/tools"})
+    assert mock_subprocess_run.call_args[1]["env"]["PYTHONPATH"] == "/idf/tools"
+
+
 def test_run_command_passes_cwd(mock_subprocess_run: Mock, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     mock_subprocess_run.return_value = Mock(returncode=0, stdout="", stderr="")
     run_command(["cmd"], cwd=str(tmp_path))
@@ -515,16 +539,23 @@ class TestArchiveExtractAll:
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
-def _mock_response(content: bytes, ok: bool = True) -> MagicMock:
+def _mock_response(
+    content: bytes, ok: bool = True, status: int | None = None
+) -> MagicMock:
+    """A fake requests response. The HTTPError carries the response (as
+    ``raise_for_status`` on a real response) so the transient classifier
+    can see its ``status``; failures default to a permanent 404."""
+    if status is None:
+        status = 200 if ok else 404
     r = MagicMock()
     r.__enter__.return_value = r
     r.__exit__.return_value = False
-    r.status_code = 200
+    r.status_code = status
     r.ok = ok
     if ok:
         r.raise_for_status.return_value = None
     else:
-        r.raise_for_status.side_effect = req.HTTPError("503")
+        r.raise_for_status.side_effect = req.HTTPError(str(status), response=r)
     r.headers = {"content-length": "0"}  # suppress ProgressBar
     r.iter_content.return_value = [content] if content else []
     return r
@@ -1086,6 +1117,218 @@ class TestDownloadWithResume:
         assert mock_get.call_args[1]["headers"] == {}
         assert dest.read_bytes() == b"data"
 
+    def test_progress_callback_reports_absolute_bytes(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """With a callback no bar is drawn; the callback sees the running
+        byte count of this file, then its final verified size."""
+        dest = tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz"
+        resp = _mock_response(b"")
+        resp.headers = {"content-length": "7"}
+        resp.iter_content.return_value = [b"1234", b"567"]
+        seen: list[int] = []
+        with (
+            patch("requests.get", return_value=resp),
+            patch("esphome.framework_helpers.ProgressBar") as bar_cls,
+        ):
+            download_with_resume(
+                "https://example.com/t", dest, size=7, progress=seen.append
+            )
+        assert seen == [0, 4, 7, 7]
+        bar_cls.assert_not_called()
+
+    def test_progress_callback_seeds_with_resume_offset(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        dest = tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz"
+        (tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz.part").write_bytes(b"12345")
+        good = hashlib.sha256(b"12345678").hexdigest()
+        seen: list[int] = []
+        with patch("requests.get", return_value=_resumed_response(b"678")):
+            download_with_resume(
+                "https://example.com/t", dest, sha256=good, size=8, progress=seen.append
+            )
+        assert seen[0] == 5
+        assert seen[-1] == 8
+
+    def test_progress_callback_credits_already_complete_download(
+        self, tmp_path: Path
+    ) -> None:
+        """A verified dest from an earlier run still counts toward the batch."""
+        dest = tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz"
+        dest.write_bytes(b"12345678")
+        seen: list[int] = []
+        with patch("requests.get") as mock_get:
+            download_with_resume(
+                "https://example.com/t", dest, size=8, progress=seen.append
+            )
+        mock_get.assert_not_called()
+        assert seen == [8]
+
+
+def test_run_batch_downloads_ctrl_c_aborts_in_flight_jobs() -> None:
+    """Ctrl-C cancels in-flight downloads at their next tick instead of
+    letting non-daemon workers download to completion."""
+    started = threading.Event()
+    ticks: list[int] = []
+
+    def interrupter(tracker) -> None:
+        started.wait(5)
+        raise KeyboardInterrupt
+
+    def slow_download(tracker) -> None:
+        started.set()
+        for i in range(500):
+            tracker(i)
+            ticks.append(i)
+            time.sleep(0.01)
+
+    t0 = time.monotonic()
+    with pytest.raises(KeyboardInterrupt):
+        run_batch_downloads(
+            "Downloading",
+            [("boom", 0, interrupter), ("slow", 0, slow_download)],
+            max_workers=2,
+        )
+    # Uncancelled, slow_download alone takes ~5s
+    assert time.monotonic() - t0 < 3
+    assert len(ticks) < 500
+
+
+def test_cancellation_escapes_broad_except_in_fetch() -> None:
+    """A fetch that wraps its work in except Exception cannot swallow the
+    Ctrl-C sentinel (it is a BaseException)."""
+    from esphome.framework_helpers import _BatchDownloadCancelled
+
+    started = threading.Event()
+    swallowed = []
+
+    def interrupter(tracker) -> None:
+        started.wait(5)
+        raise KeyboardInterrupt
+
+    def greedy_fetch(tracker) -> None:
+        started.set()
+        try:
+            for i in range(500):
+                tracker(i)
+                time.sleep(0.01)
+        except Exception as err:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
+            swallowed.append(err)
+
+    t0 = time.monotonic()
+    with pytest.raises(KeyboardInterrupt):
+        run_batch_downloads(
+            "Downloading",
+            [("boom", 0, interrupter), ("greedy", 0, greedy_fetch)],
+            max_workers=2,
+        )
+    assert time.monotonic() - t0 < 3
+    assert not swallowed
+    assert issubclass(_BatchDownloadCancelled, BaseException)
+    assert not issubclass(_BatchDownloadCancelled, Exception)
+
+
+def test_logging_guard_ends_the_bar_row_before_a_record() -> None:
+    r"""A worker warning gets its own line instead of the bar's \r row."""
+    stream = io.StringIO()
+    stream.isatty = lambda: True  # type: ignore[method-assign]
+    with patch("esphome.helpers.sys.stderr", stream):
+        progress = _BatchDownloadProgress("Downloading", 10)
+        progress.tracker()(5)
+        with progress.logging_guard():
+            logging.getLogger("esphome.test").warning("mirror retry")
+        # The partial 50% frame ended its line before the record was emitted
+        assert stream.getvalue().endswith("50% \n")
+        # And the next tick redraws the frame on a fresh row
+        progress.tracker()(2)
+        assert stream.getvalue().endswith("70% ")
+
+
+def test_logging_guard_without_a_bar_is_a_no_op() -> None:
+    """An unknown total draws no bar; the guard passes records through."""
+    progress = _BatchDownloadProgress("Downloading", 0)
+    with progress.logging_guard():
+        logging.getLogger("esphome.test").warning("plain record")
+
+
+def test_cancellable_sleep_sleeps_between_ticks() -> None:
+    """An uncancelled backoff actually waits out its delay in slices."""
+    from esphome.framework_helpers import _cancellable_sleep
+
+    ticks: list[int] = []
+    t0 = time.monotonic()
+    _cancellable_sleep(0.05, ticks.append, 3)
+    assert time.monotonic() - t0 >= 0.05
+    assert ticks and all(t == 3 for t in ticks)
+
+
+def test_cancellable_sleep_aborts_at_the_tick() -> None:
+    """A backoff sleep observes the cancellation raise promptly."""
+    from esphome.framework_helpers import _BatchDownloadCancelled, _cancellable_sleep
+
+    def cancelled_tick(done: int) -> None:
+        raise _BatchDownloadCancelled
+
+    t0 = time.monotonic()
+    with pytest.raises(_BatchDownloadCancelled):
+        _cancellable_sleep(30, cancelled_tick, 0)
+    assert time.monotonic() - t0 < 1
+
+
+class Test_BatchDownloadProgress:
+    def test_sums_trackers_into_one_bar(self) -> None:
+        with patch("esphome.framework_helpers.ProgressBar") as bar_cls:
+            progress = _BatchDownloadProgress("Downloading", 100)
+            a = progress.tracker()
+            b = progress.tracker()
+            a(10)
+            b(20)
+            a(30)
+            a(0)  # a restart from zero takes that file's bytes back out
+        bar_cls.assert_called_once_with("Downloading")
+        updates = [c[0][0] for c in bar_cls.return_value.update.call_args_list]
+        assert updates == [0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.2]
+
+    def test_clamps_at_one(self) -> None:
+        """Sizes are advisory; an over-delivering server never pushes past 100%."""
+        with patch("esphome.framework_helpers.ProgressBar") as bar_cls:
+            progress = _BatchDownloadProgress("Downloading", 10)
+            progress.tracker()(25)
+        assert bar_cls.return_value.update.call_args[0][0] == 1
+
+    def test_unknown_total_draws_nothing(self) -> None:
+        with patch("esphome.framework_helpers.ProgressBar") as bar_cls:
+            progress = _BatchDownloadProgress("Downloading", 0)
+            progress.tracker()(5)
+            progress.done()
+        bar_cls.assert_not_called()
+
+    def test_done_ends_an_unfinished_bar(self) -> None:
+        """A batch that stops short of 100% (a failed archive) still ends its
+        line so the next log message starts on a fresh row."""
+        stream = io.StringIO()
+        stream.isatty = lambda: True  # type: ignore[method-assign]
+        with patch("esphome.helpers.sys.stderr", stream):
+            progress = _BatchDownloadProgress("Downloading", 10)
+            progress.tracker()(5)
+            progress.done()
+        assert stream.getvalue().endswith("50% \n")
+
+    def test_done_before_any_frame_writes_nothing(self) -> None:
+        """A batch aborted before any tracker fired must not emit a stray
+        newline for a bar that was never drawn."""
+        stream = io.StringIO()
+        stream.isatty = lambda: True  # type: ignore[method-assign]
+        with patch("esphome.helpers.sys.stderr", stream):
+            _BatchDownloadProgress("Downloading", 10).done()
+        assert stream.getvalue() == ""
+
+    def test_done_after_full_bar_adds_nothing(self) -> None:
+        stream = io.StringIO()
+        stream.isatty = lambda: True  # type: ignore[method-assign]
+        with patch("esphome.helpers.sys.stderr", stream):
+            progress = _BatchDownloadProgress("Downloading", 10)
+            progress.tracker()(10)
+            progress.done()
+        assert stream.getvalue().endswith("100% Done...\r\n")
+
 
 class TestDownloadFromMirrors:
     def test_success_returns_url_and_writes_content(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -1098,6 +1341,22 @@ class TestDownloadFromMirrors:
         assert url == "https://example.com/f"
         assert target.read_bytes() == b"filedata"
 
+    def test_progress_callback_reports_bytes(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """The library prefetch's production path: the mirror download ticks
+        the caller's tracker instead of drawing its own bar."""
+        target = tmp_path / "f.bin"
+        ticks: list[int] = []
+        with patch(
+            "requests.get",
+            return_value=_mock_response(b"filedata"),
+        ):
+            url = download_from_mirrors(
+                ["https://example.com/f"], {}, target, progress=ticks.append
+            )
+        assert url == "https://example.com/f"
+        assert target.read_bytes() == b"filedata"
+        assert ticks and ticks[-1] == len(b"filedata")
+
     def test_substitutions_applied_to_url(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         with patch(
             "requests.get",
@@ -1203,8 +1462,8 @@ class TestDownloadFromMirrors:
             ei.value
         )
 
-    def test_falls_back_to_second_mirror(self) -> None:
-        buf = io.BytesIO()
+    def test_falls_back_to_second_mirror(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        target = tmp_path / "f.bin"
         with patch(
             "requests.get",
             side_effect=[_mock_response(b"", ok=False), _mock_response(b"second")],
@@ -1212,18 +1471,18 @@ class TestDownloadFromMirrors:
             url = download_from_mirrors(
                 ["https://mirror1.com/f", "https://mirror2.com/f"],
                 {},
-                buf,
+                target,
             )
         assert url == "https://mirror2.com/f"
-        assert buf.getvalue() == b"second"
+        assert target.read_bytes() == b"second"
 
-    def test_mid_stream_drop_resumes_same_mirror(self) -> None:
+    def test_mid_stream_drop_resumes_same_mirror(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         """A mid-stream failure retries the same mirror with Range and
         If-Range headers, keeping the bytes already received, before falling
         to the next."""
         first = _interrupted_response(b"1234", etag='"v1"')
         first.headers = {**first.headers, "content-length": "8"}
-        buf = io.BytesIO()
+        target = tmp_path / "f.bin"
         with patch(
             "requests.get",
             side_effect=[first, _resumed_response(b"5678")],
@@ -1231,10 +1490,10 @@ class TestDownloadFromMirrors:
             url = download_from_mirrors(
                 ["https://mirror1.com/f", "https://mirror2.com/f"],
                 {},
-                buf,
+                target,
             )
         assert url == "https://mirror1.com/f"
-        assert buf.getvalue() == b"12345678"
+        assert target.read_bytes() == b"12345678"
         assert mock_get.call_count == 2
         assert mock_get.call_args_list[1][0][0] == "https://mirror1.com/f"
         # the resume is conditional on the content being unchanged
@@ -1243,48 +1502,6 @@ class TestDownloadFromMirrors:
             "If-Range": '"v1"',
         }
 
-    def test_mid_stream_drop_without_validator_restarts(self) -> None:
-        """A server offering no ETag/Last-Modified cannot be resumed safely;
-        the retry restarts from zero instead of stitching unverified bytes."""
-        buf = io.BytesIO()
-        with patch(
-            "requests.get",
-            side_effect=[_interrupted_response(b"1234"), _mock_response(b"full")],
-        ) as mock_get:
-            download_from_mirrors(["https://mirror1.com/f"], {}, buf)
-        assert buf.getvalue() == b"full"
-        assert "Range" not in mock_get.call_args_list[1][1]["headers"]
-
-    def test_drop_after_last_byte_recovers_via_416(self) -> None:
-        """A connection drop after the final body byte leaves a complete file;
-        the retry's 416 answer plus the length check turn it into success
-        instead of a wasted refetch."""
-        first = _interrupted_response(b"1234", etag='"v1"')
-        first.headers = {**first.headers, "content-length": "4"}
-        r416 = _mock_response(b"", ok=False)
-        r416.status_code = 416
-        buf = io.BytesIO()
-        with patch("requests.get", side_effect=[first, r416]) as mock_get:
-            url = download_from_mirrors(["https://mirror1.com/f"], {}, buf)
-        assert url == "https://mirror1.com/f"
-        assert buf.getvalue() == b"1234"
-        assert mock_get.call_count == 2
-
-    def test_mirror_drop_without_length_restarts(self) -> None:
-        """With no content-length there is no way to prove a stitched file
-        complete, so the retry restarts even though a validator exists."""
-        buf = io.BytesIO()
-        with patch(
-            "requests.get",
-            side_effect=[
-                _interrupted_response(b"1234", etag='"v1"'),
-                _mock_response(b"full"),
-            ],
-        ) as mock_get:
-            download_from_mirrors(["https://mirror1.com/f"], {}, buf)
-        assert buf.getvalue() == b"full"
-        assert "Range" not in mock_get.call_args_list[1][1]["headers"]
-
     def test_path_target_resumes_across_runs(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         """A path target routes through download_with_resume: a part file and
         metadata from a previous run resume instead of restarting."""
@@ -1316,32 +1533,14 @@ class TestDownloadFromMirrors:
         assert url == "https://mirror2.com/f"
         assert dest.read_bytes() == b"data"
 
-    def test_resumed_short_body_fails_length_check(self) -> None:
-        """A stitched file whose final length disagrees with the advertised
-        total is rejected instead of reported as success."""
-        first = _interrupted_response(b"1234", etag='"v1"')
-        first.headers = {**first.headers, "content-length": "8"}
-        # the resume ends early (5 of 8 bytes); the poisoned part is then
-        # discarded and the fresh retry also delivers a short body
-        short_resume = _resumed_response(b"5")
-        short_fresh = _mock_response(b"56")
-        short_fresh.headers = {**short_fresh.headers, "content-length": "8"}
-        buf = io.BytesIO()
-        with (
-            patch("requests.get", side_effect=[first, short_resume, short_fresh]),
-            pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="all mirrors"),
-        ):
-            download_from_mirrors(["https://mirror1.com/f"], {}, buf)
-
-    def test_failed_mirror_leftovers_not_kept_for_next_mirror(self) -> None:
-        """Bytes from a mirror that failed all attempts must not leak into the
-        next mirror's download (no bogus Range request, fresh content)."""
-        exhausted = [_interrupted_response(b"AAAA", etag='"a1"')]
-        for _ in range(2):
-            r = _interrupted_response(b"BB")
-            r.status_code = 206
-            exhausted.append(r)
-        buf = io.BytesIO()
+    def test_failed_mirror_leftovers_not_resumed_on_next_mirror(
+        self, tmp_path: Path
+    ) -> None:
+        """A part file left by a mirror that failed all attempts must not be
+        stitched onto the next mirror's download (its meta names the other
+        URL, so the retry restarts from zero without a Range request)."""
+        exhausted = [_interrupted_response(b"AAAA") for _ in range(3)]
+        target = tmp_path / "f.bin"
         with patch(
             "requests.get",
             side_effect=exhausted + [_mock_response(b"clean")],
@@ -1349,15 +1548,17 @@ class TestDownloadFromMirrors:
             url = download_from_mirrors(
                 ["https://mirror1.com/f", "https://mirror2.com/f"],
                 {},
-                buf,
+                target,
             )
         assert url == "https://mirror2.com/f"
-        assert buf.getvalue() == b"clean"
+        assert target.read_bytes() == b"clean"
         # the second mirror starts fresh, without a Range header
         assert mock_get.call_args_list[3][0][0] == "https://mirror2.com/f"
         assert "Range" not in mock_get.call_args_list[3][1]["headers"]
 
-    def test_all_mirrors_fail_raises_error_listing_every_attempt(self) -> None:
+    def test_all_mirrors_fail_raises_error_listing_every_attempt(
+        self, tmp_path: Path
+    ) -> None:
         with (
             patch(
                 "requests.get",
@@ -1368,7 +1569,7 @@ class TestDownloadFromMirrors:
             download_from_mirrors(
                 ["https://mirror1.com/f", "https://mirror2.com/f"],
                 {},
-                io.BytesIO(),
+                tmp_path / "out.bin",
             )
         # Every attempted URL appears in the message, and the first mirror's
         # exception (the primary URL, usually the one that matters) is chained.
@@ -1384,16 +1585,6 @@ class TestDownloadFromMirrors:
         with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="target must be"):
             download_from_mirrors(["https://example.com/f"], {}, 42)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
 
-    def test_file_like_target_written(self) -> None:
-        buf = io.BytesIO()
-        with patch(
-            "requests.get",
-            return_value=_mock_response(b"bytes"),
-        ):
-            download_from_mirrors(["https://example.com/f"], {}, buf)
-        buf.seek(0)
-        assert buf.read() == b"bytes"
-
     def test_progress_bar_shown_when_content_length_known(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         r = _mock_response(b"1234567890")
         r.headers = {"content-length": "10"}
@@ -1419,6 +1610,213 @@ class TestDownloadFromMirrors:
         assert target.exists()
         assert target.read_bytes() == b""
 
+    def test_transient_failure_retries_mirror_sweep(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """A transient connect error on the only applicable mirror retries the
+        whole mirror list with backoff instead of failing the build."""
+        target = tmp_path / "idf.tar.xz"
+        with (
+            patch(
+                "requests.get",
+                side_effect=[
+                    req.ConnectionError("Remote end closed connection"),
+                    _mock_response(b"data"),
+                ],
+            ) as mock_get,
+            patch("esphome.framework_helpers.time.sleep") as mock_sleep,
+        ):
+            url = download_from_mirrors(["https://mirror1.com/f"], {}, target)
+        assert url == "https://mirror1.com/f"
+        assert target.read_bytes() == b"data"
+        assert mock_get.call_count == 2
+        mock_sleep.assert_called_once_with(2)
+
+    def test_backoff_tick_reports_partial_bytes(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """The backoff tick carries the bytes already in the part file, so a
+        combined bar holds steady instead of rewinding to zero."""
+        dest = tmp_path / "out.bin"
+        (tmp_path / "out.bin.part").write_bytes(b"12345")
+        ticks: list[int] = []
+        with (
+            patch(
+                "requests.get",
+                side_effect=[
+                    req.ConnectionError("down"),
+                    _mock_response(b"data"),
+                ],
+            ),
+            patch("esphome.framework_helpers._cancellable_sleep") as mock_sleep,
+        ):
+            download_from_mirrors(
+                ["https://mirror1.com/f"], {}, dest, progress=ticks.append
+            )
+        assert mock_sleep.call_args == call(2, ticks.append, 5)
+
+    def test_permanent_failure_does_not_retry_sweep(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """An HTTP 404 will not heal on its own; fail after a single pass."""
+        with (
+            patch(
+                "requests.get", return_value=_mock_response(b"", ok=False, status=404)
+            ) as mock_get,
+            patch("esphome.framework_helpers.time.sleep") as mock_sleep,
+            pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="all mirrors"),
+        ):
+            download_from_mirrors(["https://mirror1.com/f"], {}, tmp_path / "out.bin")
+        assert mock_get.call_count == 1
+        mock_sleep.assert_not_called()
+
+    def test_transient_failure_exhausts_sweeps(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """A persistent transient error gives up after the configured number
+        of passes, with 2s/4s backoff, and still lists the attempted URL."""
+        with (
+            patch("requests.get", side_effect=req.ConnectionError("down")) as mock_get,
+            patch("esphome.framework_helpers.time.sleep") as mock_sleep,
+            pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="all mirrors") as ei,
+        ):
+            download_from_mirrors(["https://mirror1.com/f"], {}, tmp_path / "out.bin")
+        assert mock_get.call_count == 3
+        assert mock_sleep.call_args_list == [call(2), call(4)]
+        assert "https://mirror1.com/f" in str(ei.value)
+
+    def test_mixed_permanent_and_transient_retries_sweep(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """One mirror 404s permanently while another hits a transient error;
+        the transient failure makes the whole list worth another pass."""
+        dest = tmp_path / "out.bin"
+        with (
+            patch(
+                "requests.get",
+                side_effect=[
+                    _mock_response(b"", ok=False, status=404),
+                    req.ConnectionError("down"),
+                    _mock_response(b"", ok=False, status=404),
+                    _mock_response(b"data"),
+                ],
+            ),
+            patch("esphome.framework_helpers.time.sleep") as mock_sleep,
+        ):
+            url = download_from_mirrors(
+                ["https://mirror1.com/f", "https://mirror2.com/f"], {}, dest
+            )
+        assert url == "https://mirror2.com/f"
+        assert dest.read_bytes() == b"data"
+        mock_sleep.assert_called_once_with(2)
+
+    def test_http_5xx_retries_sweep(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """A real 5xx (response attached to the HTTPError) is transient."""
+        dest = tmp_path / "out.bin"
+        with (
+            patch(
+                "requests.get",
+                side_effect=[
+                    _mock_response(b"", ok=False, status=503),
+                    _mock_response(b"data"),
+                ],
+            ),
+            patch("esphome.framework_helpers.time.sleep") as mock_sleep,
+        ):
+            url = download_from_mirrors(["https://mirror1.com/f"], {}, dest)
+        assert url == "https://mirror1.com/f"
+        assert dest.read_bytes() == b"data"
+        mock_sleep.assert_called_once_with(2)
+
+    def test_error_reports_failure_modes_from_all_sweeps(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """A failure mode that changes between sweeps stays in the final
+        error; the first failure (the one that started the retries) is
+        chained as the cause."""
+        with (
+            patch(
+                "requests.get",
+                side_effect=[
+                    req.ConnectionError("dropped by middlebox"),
+                    _mock_response(b"", ok=False, status=404),
+                ],
+            ),
+            patch("esphome.framework_helpers.time.sleep") as mock_sleep,
+            pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="all mirrors") as ei,
+        ):
+            download_from_mirrors(["https://mirror1.com/f"], {}, tmp_path / "out.bin")
+        assert "dropped by middlebox" in str(ei.value)
+        assert "404" in str(ei.value)
+        assert isinstance(ei.value.__cause__, req.ConnectionError)
+        mock_sleep.assert_called_once_with(2)
+
+    def test_exhausted_mid_stream_attempts_not_swept(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """A mirror that spent all its mid-stream attempts fails permanently
+        instead of re-arming the sweep, and its part file survives so the
+        next esphome run resumes it."""
+        with (
+            patch(
+                "requests.get",
+                side_effect=[_interrupted_response(b"1234") for _ in range(3)],
+            ) as mock_get,
+            patch("esphome.framework_helpers.time.sleep") as mock_sleep,
+            pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="after 3 attempts"),
+        ):
+            download_from_mirrors(["https://mirror1.com/f"], {}, tmp_path / "out.bin")
+        assert mock_get.call_count == 3
+        mock_sleep.assert_not_called()
+        assert (tmp_path / "out.bin.part").exists()
+
+
+class TestDownloadAndExtract:
+    def test_downloads_extracts_and_deletes_archive(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        content = gzip.compress(
+            _make_tar([_reg("file.txt")], {"file.txt": b"data"}).getvalue()
+        )
+        dest = tmp_path / "out"
+        with patch("requests.get", return_value=_mock_response(content)):
+            url = download_and_extract(
+                ["https://example.com/lib.tar.gz"],
+                {},
+                tmp_path / "lib.archive",
+                dest,
+            )
+        assert url == "https://example.com/lib.tar.gz"
+        assert (dest / "file.txt").read_bytes() == b"data"
+        # the archive is consumed; only the extraction remains
+        assert not (tmp_path / "lib.archive").exists()
+
+    def test_locked_archive_does_not_mask_result(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """A cleanup unlink blocked by e.g. an AV handle (Windows) must not
+        replace the extraction result; the archive simply survives."""
+        content = gzip.compress(
+            _make_tar([_reg("file.txt")], {"file.txt": b"data"}).getvalue()
+        )
+        real_unlink = Path.unlink
+
+        def locked_unlink(self: Path, missing_ok: bool = False) -> None:
+            if self.name.endswith(".archive"):
+                raise PermissionError("held by antivirus")
+            real_unlink(self, missing_ok=missing_ok)
+
+        with (
+            patch("requests.get", return_value=_mock_response(content)),
+            patch("pathlib.Path.unlink", locked_unlink),
+        ):
+            url = download_and_extract(
+                ["https://example.com/lib.tar.gz"],
+                {},
+                tmp_path / "lib.archive",
+                tmp_path / "out",
+            )
+        assert url == "https://example.com/lib.tar.gz"
+        assert (tmp_path / "out" / "file.txt").read_bytes() == b"data"
+        assert (tmp_path / "lib.archive").exists()  # left behind, harmless
+
+    def test_corrupt_archive_deleted_on_extract_failure(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """A complete-but-corrupt archive must not survive to poison the next
+        run; without a checksum only a failed extraction can expose it."""
+        with (
+            patch("requests.get", return_value=_mock_response(b"not an archive")),
+            pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Unsupported archive format"),
+        ):
+            download_and_extract(
+                ["https://example.com/lib.tar.gz"],
+                {},
+                tmp_path / "lib.archive",
+                tmp_path / "out",
+            )
+        assert not (tmp_path / "lib.archive").exists()
+
 
 def test_importing_framework_helpers_does_not_import_requests() -> None:
     """Importing framework_helpers must not drag in requests.
@@ -1880,3 +2278,78 @@ class TestGetProjectCxxCompileFlags:
     def test_empty_flags(self) -> None:
         with patch("esphome.core.CORE", _make_core_cxx(set())):
             assert get_project_cxx_compile_flags() == []
+
+
+def test_resume_fetch_job_threads_tracker(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """The batch runner passes the tracker positionally; the shared adapter
+    must deliver it as download_with_resume's progress keyword."""
+    from esphome.framework_helpers import resume_fetch_job
+
+    with patch("esphome.framework_helpers.download_with_resume") as mock_download:
+        fetch = resume_fetch_job("https://x/a.zip", tmp_path / "a", sha256="ff", size=9)
+        tracker = lambda done: None  # noqa: E731
+        fetch(tracker)
+    mock_download.assert_called_once_with(
+        "https://x/a.zip", tmp_path / "a", progress=tracker, sha256="ff", size=9
+    )
+
+
+def test_warn_prefetch_failures_names_each_failure(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """The shared failure loop warns per job with the failure reason."""
+    from esphome.framework_helpers import warn_prefetch_failures
+
+    warn_prefetch_failures([("toolchain-x@1", OSError("down"))])
+    assert "Could not prefetch toolchain-x@1: down" in caplog.text
+    warn_prefetch_failures([("lib", OSError("gone"))], "Prefetch of %s failed: %s")
+    assert "Prefetch of lib failed: gone" in caplog.text
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("platform", "input_path", "expected"),
+    [
+        # win32: drive-letter extended-length prefix is stripped
+        (
+            "win32",
+            "\\\\?\\C:\\Users\\jesse\\AppData\\Local\\ESPHome Builder\\python\\python.exe",
+            "C:\\Users\\jesse\\AppData\\Local\\ESPHome Builder\\python\\python.exe",
+        ),
+        # win32: UNC extended-length prefix is translated to a regular UNC path
+        (
+            "win32",
+            "\\\\?\\UNC\\server\\share\\python.exe",
+            "\\\\server\\share\\python.exe",
+        ),
+        # win32: paths without the prefix are returned unchanged
+        (
+            "win32",
+            "C:\\Users\\jesse\\AppData\\Local\\ESPHome Builder\\python\\python.exe",
+            "C:\\Users\\jesse\\AppData\\Local\\ESPHome Builder\\python\\python.exe",
+        ),
+        # non-win32: prefix is left alone (no-op)
+        ("linux", "\\\\?\\C:\\python.exe", "\\\\?\\C:\\python.exe"),
+        ("darwin", "/usr/bin/python3", "/usr/bin/python3"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_strip_win_long_path_prefix(
+    platform: str, input_path: str, expected: str
+) -> None:
+    r"""``\\?\`` and ``\\?\UNC\`` prefixes are stripped only on win32."""
+    with patch("esphome.framework_helpers.sys.platform", platform):
+        assert framework_helpers.strip_win_long_path_prefix(input_path) == expected
+
+
+def test_discard_partial_download_logs_undeletable(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """An unremovable staging file leaves a debug trace; the caller's
+    cache is never pruned, so silence would hide unbounded growth."""
+    dest = tmp_path / "archive"
+    dest.write_bytes(b"stale")
+    with (
+        patch.object(Path, "unlink", side_effect=OSError("busy")),
+        caplog.at_level(logging.DEBUG),
+    ):
+        framework_helpers.discard_partial_download(dest)
+    assert "Could not remove" in caplog.text
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_git.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_git.py
index ec1becf3e8..0f7e0339c9 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_git.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_git.py
@@ -247,6 +247,347 @@ def test_run_git_command_strips_fatal_prefix(
     assert "repository not found" in str(exc_info.value)
 
 
+def _git_failure(stderr: bytes, returncode: int = 128) -> Mock:
+    """Build a failed subprocess.run result with the given stderr."""
+    return Mock(returncode=returncode, stdout=b"", stderr=stderr)
+
+
+_GIT_OK = Mock(returncode=0, stdout=b"ok", stderr=b"")
+
+
+def test_run_git_command_network_retries_transient_then_succeeds(
+    mock_subprocess_run: Mock,
+) -> None:
+    """A transient network failure is retried and the retry's result returned."""
+    mock_subprocess_run.side_effect = [
+        _git_failure(
+            b"fatal: unable to access 'https://github.com/test/repo/': "
+            b"Could not resolve host: github.com\n"
+        ),
+        _GIT_OK,
+    ]
+
+    with patch("esphome.git.time.sleep") as mock_sleep:
+        result = git.run_git_command(
+            ["git", "clone", "--depth=1", "--", "https://github.com/test/repo", "x"],
+            network=True,
+        )
+
+    assert result == "ok"
+    assert mock_subprocess_run.call_count == 2
+    mock_sleep.assert_called_once_with(2)
+
+
+def test_run_git_command_network_gives_up_after_max_attempts(
+    mock_subprocess_run: Mock,
+) -> None:
+    """A persistent transient-looking failure raises after the final attempt."""
+    mock_subprocess_run.side_effect = lambda *args, **kwargs: _git_failure(
+        b"fatal: unable to access 'https://github.com/test/repo/': "
+        b"server certificate verification failed. CAfile: none CRLfile: none\n"
+    )
+
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.git.time.sleep") as mock_sleep,
+        pytest.raises(GitCommandError, match="certificate verification failed"),
+    ):
+        git.run_git_command(["git", "fetch", "--", "origin"], network=True)
+
+    assert mock_subprocess_run.call_count == 3
+    assert [c.args[0] for c in mock_sleep.call_args_list] == [2, 4]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("stderr", "transient"),
+    [
+        # Transient: DNS, TLS, dropped connections, server-side errors
+        ("unable to access 'https://x/': The requested URL returned error: 502", True),
+        ("unable to access 'https://x/': Could not resolve host: github.com", True),
+        ("unable to access 'https://x/': Failed to connect: Timed out", True),
+        ("unable to access 'https://x/': Recv failure: Connection reset", True),
+        ("unable to access 'https://x/': Connection refused", True),
+        ("fatal: early EOF\nfatal: fetch-pack: invalid index-pack output", True),
+        (
+            (
+                "error: RPC failed; HTTP 500 curl 22 The requested URL returned "
+                "error: 500\nfatal: expected flush after ref listing"
+            ),
+            True,
+        ),
+        (
+            (
+                "unable to access 'https://x/': server certificate verification "
+                "failed. CAfile: none CRLfile: none"
+            ),
+            True,
+        ),
+        (
+            (
+                "error: RPC failed; curl 56 GnuTLS recv error (-110)\n"
+                "fatal: the remote end hung up unexpectedly"
+            ),
+            True,
+        ),
+        (
+            (
+                "fetch-pack: unexpected disconnect while reading sideband packet\n"
+                "fatal: early EOF"
+            ),
+            True,
+        ),
+        # 429 rate limiting is the one retryable 4xx, in both curl forms
+        ("unable to access 'https://x/': The requested URL returned error: 429", True),
+        ("error: RPC failed; HTTP 429 curl 22\nfatal: expected flush", True),
+        (
+            (
+                "unable to access 'https://x/': OpenSSL SSL_read: error:0A000126:"
+                "SSL routines::unexpected eof while reading, errno 0"
+            ),
+            True,
+        ),
+        # Permanent: missing repo, auth, bad ref, other 4xx
+        ("fatal: repository 'https://github.com/test/repo/' not found", False),
+        (
+            (
+                "fatal: could not read Username for 'https://github.com': "
+                "terminal prompts disabled"
+            ),
+            False,
+        ),
+        ("fatal: couldn't find remote ref refs/heads/nope", False),
+        (
+            (
+                "unable to access 'https://github.com/org/private.git/': "
+                "The requested URL returned error: 403"
+            ),
+            False,
+        ),
+        ("fatal: Authentication failed for 'https://github.com/test/repo/'", False),
+        # Smart-HTTP (HTTP/2) 4xx form has no "returned error:" text and
+        # mixes in transient-looking wording; still permanent
+        (
+            (
+                "error: RPC failed; HTTP 403 curl 92 HTTP/2 stream 5 was not "
+                "closed cleanly: CANCEL (err 8)\nfatal: expected flush after "
+                "ref listing"
+            ),
+            False,
+        ),
+        (
+            (
+                "error: RPC failed; HTTP 404 curl 22\n"
+                "fatal: the remote end hung up unexpectedly"
+            ),
+            False,
+        ),
+        (
+            (
+                "fatal: unable to access 'https://x/': gnutls_handshake() "
+                "failed: The TLS connection was non-properly terminated."
+            ),
+            True,
+        ),
+        # Transient-looking tokens in the URL must not classify as transient
+        ("fatal: repository 'https://github.com/x/esp32_ssl_reader/' not found", False),
+        ("fatal: repository 'https://gitlab.com/gnutls/gnutls.git/' not found", False),
+        ("", False),
+    ],
+)
+def test_is_transient_git_error(stderr: str, transient: bool) -> None:
+    """Real-world stderr outputs classify correctly as transient or permanent."""
+    assert git._is_transient_git_error(stderr) is transient
+
+
+def test_run_git_command_network_no_retry_on_permanent_error(
+    mock_subprocess_run: Mock,
+) -> None:
+    """Permanent failures (missing repo, auth, bad ref) fail on the first try."""
+    mock_subprocess_run.return_value = _git_failure(
+        b"fatal: repository 'https://github.com/test/repo/' not found\n"
+    )
+
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.git.time.sleep") as mock_sleep,
+        pytest.raises(GitCommandError),
+    ):
+        git.run_git_command(["git", "fetch", "--", "origin"], network=True)
+
+    assert mock_subprocess_run.call_count == 1
+    mock_sleep.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_run_git_command_network_no_retry_when_git_missing(
+    mock_subprocess_run: Mock,
+) -> None:
+    """A missing git binary is not transient and must not be retried."""
+    from esphome.git import GitNotInstalledError
+
+    mock_subprocess_run.side_effect = FileNotFoundError("git not found")
+
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.git.time.sleep") as mock_sleep,
+        pytest.raises(GitNotInstalledError),
+    ):
+        git.run_git_command(["git", "fetch", "--", "origin"], network=True)
+
+    assert mock_subprocess_run.call_count == 1
+    mock_sleep.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_run_git_command_no_retry_by_default(mock_subprocess_run: Mock) -> None:
+    """Without network=True even a transient-looking failure is not retried."""
+    mock_subprocess_run.return_value = _git_failure(
+        b"fatal: unable to access 'https://github.com/test/repo/': "
+        b"Could not resolve host: github.com\n"
+    )
+
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.git.time.sleep") as mock_sleep,
+        pytest.raises(GitCommandError),
+    ):
+        git.run_git_command(["git", "status"])
+
+    assert mock_subprocess_run.call_count == 1
+    mock_sleep.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_run_git_command_network_retry_matches_full_stderr_not_last_line(
+    mock_subprocess_run: Mock,
+) -> None:
+    """The transient marker often sits above the final fatal line; the retry
+    decision must look at the full stderr, not just the extracted message."""
+    mock_subprocess_run.side_effect = [
+        _git_failure(
+            b"error: RPC failed; curl 56 GnuTLS recv error (-54)\n"
+            b"fatal: fetch-pack: invalid index-pack output\n"
+        ),
+        _GIT_OK,
+    ]
+
+    with patch("esphome.git.time.sleep"):
+        result = git.run_git_command(["git", "fetch", "--", "origin"], network=True)
+
+    assert result == "ok"
+    assert mock_subprocess_run.call_count == 2
+
+
+def test_run_git_command_retry_warning_redacts_credentials(
+    mock_subprocess_run: Mock, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """The retry warning embeds the git error, which embeds the URL; embedded
+    credentials must be redacted since warnings end up in pasted logs."""
+    mock_subprocess_run.side_effect = [
+        _git_failure(
+            b"fatal: unable to access 'https://user:hunter2@github.com/test/repo/': "
+            b"Could not resolve host: github.com\n"
+        ),
+        _GIT_OK,
+    ]
+
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.git.time.sleep"),
+        caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING, logger="esphome.git"),
+    ):
+        git.run_git_command(["git", "fetch", "--", "origin"], network=True)
+
+    assert "hunter2" not in caplog.text
+    assert "://***@github.com/test/repo" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_run_git_command_clone_retry_removes_leftover_destination(
+    tmp_path: Path, mock_subprocess_run: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """A partial clone destination left by a failed attempt is removed before
+    the retry, so the retry cannot fail on 'destination path already exists'."""
+    dest = tmp_path / "leftover_clone"
+    dest.mkdir()
+    (dest / "partial").write_text("x")
+
+    mock_subprocess_run.side_effect = [
+        _git_failure(
+            b"fatal: unable to access 'https://github.com/test/repo/': "
+            b"Could not resolve host: github.com\n"
+        ),
+        _GIT_OK,
+    ]
+
+    with patch("esphome.git.time.sleep"):
+        result = git.run_git_command(
+            [
+                "git",
+                "clone",
+                "--depth=1",
+                "--",
+                "https://github.com/test/repo",
+                str(dest),
+            ],
+            network=True,
+            retry_cleanup=dest,
+        )
+
+    assert result == "ok"
+    assert mock_subprocess_run.call_count == 2
+    assert not dest.exists()
+
+
+def test_run_git_command_cleanup_failure_reraises_original_error(
+    tmp_path: Path, mock_subprocess_run: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """When the pre-retry cleanup fails, the git error stays the reported
+    cause instead of being replaced by the cleanup OSError."""
+    dest = tmp_path / "leftover_clone"
+    dest.mkdir()
+
+    mock_subprocess_run.return_value = _git_failure(
+        b"fatal: unable to access 'https://github.com/test/repo/': "
+        b"Could not resolve host: github.com\n"
+    )
+
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.git.rmtree", side_effect=OSError("locked")),
+        patch("esphome.git.time.sleep") as mock_sleep,
+        pytest.raises(GitCommandError, match="Could not resolve host"),
+    ):
+        git.run_git_command(
+            ["git", "clone", "--depth=1", "--", "https://github.com/test/repo", "x"],
+            network=True,
+            retry_cleanup=dest,
+        )
+
+    assert mock_subprocess_run.call_count == 1
+    mock_sleep.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_run_git_command_no_retry_on_empty_stderr_failure(
+    mock_subprocess_run: Mock,
+) -> None:
+    """A failure with no stderr (e.g. git killed by a signal) is not retried."""
+    mock_subprocess_run.return_value = _git_failure(b"", returncode=1)
+
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.git.time.sleep") as mock_sleep,
+        pytest.raises(GitCommandError, match="git exited with code 1"),
+    ):
+        git.run_git_command(["git", "fetch", "--", "origin"], network=True)
+
+    assert mock_subprocess_run.call_count == 1
+    mock_sleep.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_run_git_command_non_utf8_stderr_does_not_crash(
+    mock_subprocess_run: Mock,
+) -> None:
+    """Locale-encoded (non-UTF-8) stderr must not raise UnicodeDecodeError."""
+    mock_subprocess_run.return_value = _git_failure(
+        b"fatal: repositorio no encontrado \xe9\xff\n"
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(GitCommandError, match="repositorio no encontrado"):
+        git.run_git_command(["git", "fetch", "--", "origin"], network=True)
+
+    assert mock_subprocess_run.call_count == 1
+
+
 def test_run_git_command_without_git_dir(mock_subprocess_run: Mock) -> None:
     """Test that run_git_command works without git_dir (clone case)."""
     # Configure mock to return success
@@ -373,6 +714,25 @@ def test_run_git_command_without_git_dir_raises_error(
         git.run_git_command(["git", "clone", "https://invalid.url/repo.git"])
 
 
+def test_has_complete_clone(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """The lock-free probe tracks the completion marker, subpath included."""
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+
+    url = "https://github.com/test/repo"
+    subpath = Path("lib")
+    assert not git.has_complete_clone(url, "v1", "test_domain", subpath)
+
+    repo_dir = _compute_repo_dir(url, "v1", "test_domain") / subpath
+    (repo_dir / ".git").mkdir(parents=True)
+    # A directory without the marker is an incomplete clone
+    assert not git.has_complete_clone(url, "v1", "test_domain", subpath)
+
+    _mark_clone_complete(repo_dir)
+    assert git.has_complete_clone(url, "v1", "test_domain", subpath)
+    # The ref is part of the cache key
+    assert not git.has_complete_clone(url, "v2", "test_domain", subpath)
+
+
 def test_clone_or_update_with_never_refresh(
     tmp_path: Path, mock_run_git_command: Mock
 ) -> None:
@@ -677,10 +1037,10 @@ def test_clone_or_update_with_none_refresh_always_updates(
             "ambiguous argument 'HEAD': unknown revision or path not in the working tree.",
         ),
         ("stash", "fatal: unable to write new index file"),
-        (
-            "fetch",
-            "fatal: unable to access 'https://github.com/test/repo/': Could not resolve host",
-        ),
+        # The fetch failure must be non-transient: a transient one (e.g.
+        # "Could not resolve host") now keeps the existing clone instead of
+        # triggering recovery.
+        ("fetch", "fatal: couldn't find remote ref main"),
         ("reset", "fatal: Could not reset index file to revision 'FETCH_HEAD'"),
     ],
 )
@@ -747,6 +1107,236 @@ def test_clone_or_update_recovers_from_git_failures(
     assert result_dir == repo_dir
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("fetch_head_preexists", [True, False])
+def test_clone_or_update_transient_fetch_keeps_existing_clone(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    mock_run_git_command: Mock,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+    fetch_head_preexists: bool,
+) -> None:
+    """A transient network failure while refreshing a verified clone falls back
+    to the existing clone instead of destroying it with a recovery re-clone."""
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+
+    url = "https://github.com/test/repo"
+    ref = "main"
+    domain = "test"
+    repo_dir = _compute_repo_dir(url, ref, domain)
+    _setup_old_repo(repo_dir)
+    if not fetch_head_preexists:
+        # First-ever refresh: age comes from HEAD, FETCH_HEAD absent
+        (repo_dir / ".git" / "FETCH_HEAD").unlink()
+        head = repo_dir / ".git" / "HEAD"
+        head.write_text("test")
+        old_time = time.time() - 2 * 86400
+        os.utime(head, (old_time, old_time))
+
+    def git_command_side_effect(
+        cmd: list[str], cwd: str | None = None, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> str:
+        cmd_type = _get_git_command_type(cmd)
+        if cmd_type == "rev-parse":
+            return "abc123"
+        if cmd_type == "fetch":
+            # A failed fetch still freshens FETCH_HEAD, like real git
+            (repo_dir / ".git" / "FETCH_HEAD").touch()
+            stderr = (
+                "fatal: unable to access "
+                "'https://user:hunter2@github.com/test/repo/': "
+                "Could not resolve host: github.com"
+            )
+            raise GitCommandError(stderr, stderr=stderr)
+        return ""
+
+    mock_run_git_command.side_effect = git_command_side_effect
+
+    refresh = TimePeriodSeconds(days=1)
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING, logger="esphome.git"):
+        result_dir, revert = git.clone_or_update(
+            url=url,
+            ref=ref,
+            refresh=refresh,
+            domain=domain,
+        )
+
+    # The existing clone is returned, not removed or re-cloned
+    assert result_dir == repo_dir
+    assert repo_dir.is_dir()
+    assert revert is None
+    assert not any(
+        _get_git_command_type(c[0][0]) == "clone"
+        for c in mock_run_git_command.call_args_list
+    )
+    # The completion marker must be restored, or the next run treats the
+    # entry as an incomplete clone and removes it
+    assert _marker_path(repo_dir).is_file()
+    # The warning must say what the build will actually use and how stale it is
+    assert "using the existing clone at abc123" in caplog.text
+    assert "ago" in caplog.text
+    # Credentials embedded in the URL must not reach the warning log
+    assert "hunter2" not in caplog.text
+    assert "://***@github.com/test/repo" in caplog.text
+    # The FETCH_HEAD the failed fetch freshened must not survive, or the
+    # refresh window would suppress retrying the update on subsequent runs
+    fetch_head = repo_dir / ".git" / "FETCH_HEAD"
+    if fetch_head_preexists:
+        assert time.time() - fetch_head.stat().st_mtime > refresh.total_seconds
+    else:
+        assert not fetch_head.exists()
+
+
+def test_clone_or_update_timestamp_restore_failure_routes_to_recovery(
+    tmp_path: Path, mock_run_git_command: Mock, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """If the FETCH_HEAD restore fails, the fallback cannot stay honest, so
+    the git error must route through recovery instead of a raw OSError."""
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+
+    url = "https://github.com/test/repo"
+    ref = "main"
+    domain = "test"
+    repo_dir = _compute_repo_dir(url, ref, domain)
+    _setup_old_repo(repo_dir)
+
+    call_counts: dict[str, int] = {}
+
+    def git_command_side_effect(
+        cmd: list[str], cwd: str | None = None, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> str:
+        cmd_type = _get_git_command_type(cmd)
+        if cmd_type:
+            call_counts[cmd_type] = call_counts.get(cmd_type, 0) + 1
+        if cmd_type == "rev-parse":
+            return "abc123"
+        if cmd_type == "fetch" and call_counts[cmd_type] == 1:
+            stderr = (
+                "fatal: unable to access 'https://github.com/test/repo/': "
+                "Could not resolve host: github.com"
+            )
+            raise GitCommandError(stderr, stderr=stderr)
+        if cmd_type == "clone":
+            _simulate_cloned_repo(repo_dir)
+        return ""
+
+    mock_run_git_command.side_effect = git_command_side_effect
+
+    refresh = TimePeriodSeconds(days=1)
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.git.os.utime", side_effect=OSError("read-only")),
+        caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING, logger="esphome.git"),
+    ):
+        result_dir, _ = git.clone_or_update(
+            url=url,
+            ref=ref,
+            refresh=refresh,
+            domain=domain,
+        )
+
+    assert result_dir == repo_dir
+    assert "Could not restore the refresh timestamp" in caplog.text
+    # Recovery re-cloned rather than surfacing the OSError
+    assert call_counts.get("clone", 0) == 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "refresh", [None, TimePeriodSeconds(days=1)], ids=["clone", "refresh"]
+)
+def test_clone_or_update_network_commands_carry_retry_flag(
+    tmp_path: Path, mock_run_git_command: Mock, refresh: TimePeriodSeconds | None
+) -> None:
+    """clone/fetch/submodule opt into transient-failure retry; local commands
+    (rev-parse, stash, reset) must not, so a refactor cannot silently drop or
+    widen the retry wiring."""
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+
+    url = "https://github.com/test/repo"
+    ref = "main"
+    domain = "test"
+    repo_dir = _compute_repo_dir(url, ref, domain)
+
+    if refresh is None:
+        mock_run_git_command.side_effect = _make_clone_side_effect(
+            repo_dir, gitmodules=True
+        )
+    else:
+        _setup_old_repo(repo_dir)
+        (repo_dir / ".gitmodules").write_text("test")
+        mock_run_git_command.return_value = "abc123"
+
+    git.clone_or_update(
+        url=url,
+        ref=ref,
+        refresh=refresh,
+        domain=domain,
+        init_submodules=True,
+    )
+
+    seen: set[str] = set()
+    for call in mock_run_git_command.call_args_list:
+        cmd_type = _get_git_command_type(call.args[0])
+        seen.add(cmd_type)
+        if cmd_type in ("clone", "fetch", "submodule"):
+            assert call.kwargs.get("network") is True, cmd_type
+        else:
+            assert "network" not in call.kwargs, cmd_type
+        if cmd_type == "clone":
+            assert call.kwargs.get("retry_cleanup") == repo_dir
+
+    expected = {"fetch", "reset", "submodule"}
+    expected |= {"clone"} if refresh is None else {"rev-parse", "stash"}
+    assert expected <= seen
+
+
+def test_clone_or_update_transient_submodule_failure_still_recovers(
+    tmp_path: Path, mock_run_git_command: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """A transient failure after the reset (submodules) leaves a half-updated
+    tree, so it must route through recovery instead of keeping the clone."""
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+
+    url = "https://github.com/test/repo"
+    domain = "test"
+    repo_dir = _compute_repo_dir(url, None, domain)
+    _setup_old_repo(repo_dir)
+    (repo_dir / ".gitmodules").write_text("test")
+
+    call_counts: dict[str, int] = {}
+
+    def git_command_side_effect(
+        cmd: list[str], cwd: str | None = None, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> str:
+        cmd_type = _get_git_command_type(cmd)
+        if cmd_type:
+            call_counts[cmd_type] = call_counts.get(cmd_type, 0) + 1
+        if cmd_type == "rev-parse":
+            return "abc123"
+        if cmd_type == "submodule" and call_counts[cmd_type] == 1:
+            stderr = (
+                "fatal: unable to access 'https://github.com/test/sub/': "
+                "Could not resolve host: github.com"
+            )
+            raise GitCommandError(stderr, stderr=stderr)
+        if cmd_type == "clone":
+            _simulate_cloned_repo(repo_dir)
+            (repo_dir / ".gitmodules").write_text("test")
+        return ""
+
+    mock_run_git_command.side_effect = git_command_side_effect
+
+    refresh = TimePeriodSeconds(days=1)
+    result_dir, _ = git.clone_or_update(
+        url=url,
+        ref=None,
+        refresh=refresh,
+        domain=domain,
+        init_submodules=True,
+    )
+
+    assert result_dir == repo_dir
+    # The half-updated tree must be recovered via re-clone, not kept
+    assert call_counts.get("clone", 0) == 1
+
+
 def test_clone_or_update_fails_when_recovery_also_fails(
     tmp_path: Path, mock_run_git_command: Mock
 ) -> None:
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_happy_eyeballs.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_happy_eyeballs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ccb7aa3c67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_happy_eyeballs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,362 @@
+"""Tests for the Happy Eyeballs urllib3 shim."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+from collections.abc import Generator
+from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
+import socket
+import threading
+from typing import Any
+from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.happy_eyeballs import _make_create_connection, ensure_happy_eyeballs
+
+
+def _addr_info(host: str, port: int) -> tuple[Any, ...]:
+    """Build a getaddrinfo-style result tuple for an IPv4 address."""
+    return (socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM, socket.IPPROTO_TCP, "", (host, port))
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def create_connection() -> Any:
+    """A freshly built Happy Eyeballs create_connection replacement."""
+    return _make_create_connection()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def listener() -> Generator[tuple[str, int]]:
+    """A listening TCP socket on localhost; yields its address."""
+    server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+    server.bind(("127.0.0.1", 0))
+    server.listen(5)
+    yield server.getsockname()
+    server.close()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def mock_gai(listener: tuple[str, int]) -> Generator[Any]:
+    """Resolve every host to two copies of the listener's address."""
+    with patch("socket.getaddrinfo", return_value=[_addr_info(*listener)] * 2) as mock:
+        yield mock
+
+
+def test_ensure_happy_eyeballs_patches_and_is_idempotent(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """The shim replaces urllib3's create_connection exactly once."""
+    import urllib3.util.connection
+
+    def stock(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(urllib3.util.connection, "create_connection", stock)
+
+    ensure_happy_eyeballs()
+    patched = urllib3.util.connection.create_connection
+    assert patched is not stock
+    assert patched._esphome_patched
+
+    ensure_happy_eyeballs()
+    assert urllib3.util.connection.create_connection is patched
+
+
+def test_ensure_happy_eyeballs_concurrent_first_calls_patch_once(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """Worker threads fanning out (download_content_many, run_batch_downloads)
+    may race the first call; the replacement is built exactly once."""
+    import urllib3.util.connection
+
+    from esphome import happy_eyeballs
+
+    def stock(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(urllib3.util.connection, "create_connection", stock)
+
+    barrier = threading.Barrier(8)
+    builds: list[int] = []
+    real_make = happy_eyeballs._make_create_connection
+
+    def counting_make() -> Any:
+        builds.append(1)
+        return real_make()
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(happy_eyeballs, "_make_create_connection", counting_make)
+
+    def racer() -> None:
+        barrier.wait(timeout=10)
+        ensure_happy_eyeballs()
+
+    with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=8) as ex:
+        list(ex.map(lambda _: racer(), range(8)))
+
+    assert builds == [1]
+    assert urllib3.util.connection.create_connection._esphome_patched
+
+
+def test_connects_and_restores_socket_state(
+    create_connection: Any, listener: tuple[str, int], mock_gai: Any
+) -> None:
+    """The winning socket comes back blocking, with timeout and options set."""
+    sock = create_connection(
+        ("example.com", listener[1]),
+        timeout=5,
+        socket_options=[(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)],
+    )
+
+    try:
+        assert sock.getpeername() == listener
+        assert sock.gettimeout() == 5
+        assert sock.getsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY) != 0
+    finally:
+        sock.close()
+
+
+def test_single_address_connects(
+    create_connection: Any, listener: tuple[str, int]
+) -> None:
+    """A host resolving to one address connects through the same path."""
+    with patch("socket.getaddrinfo", return_value=[_addr_info(*listener)]):
+        sock = create_connection(("example.com", listener[1]), timeout=5)
+
+    try:
+        assert sock.getpeername() == listener
+    finally:
+        sock.close()
+
+
+def test_falls_back_to_working_address(
+    create_connection: Any, listener: tuple[str, int], monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
+    """An unreachable first address does not block the working one."""
+    from esphome import happy_eyeballs
+
+    # 192.0.2.1 (TEST-NET-1) blackholes or fails fast depending on the
+    # network; either way the second address must win well within the
+    # timeout instead of waiting out the first. A short stagger keeps the
+    # test's duration network independent.
+    monkeypatch.setattr(happy_eyeballs, "HAPPY_EYEBALLS_DELAY", 0.01)
+    addr_infos = [_addr_info("192.0.2.1", 9), _addr_info(*listener)]
+
+    with patch("socket.getaddrinfo", return_value=addr_infos):
+        sock = create_connection(("example.com", listener[1]), timeout=10)
+
+    try:
+        assert sock.getpeername() == listener
+    finally:
+        sock.close()
+
+
+def test_bracketed_ipv6_host_is_stripped(
+    create_connection: Any, listener: tuple[str, int], mock_gai: Any
+) -> None:
+    """A bracketed IPv6 literal is unbracketed before resolution."""
+    sock = create_connection(("[::1]", listener[1]), timeout=5)
+
+    try:
+        assert mock_gai.call_args[0][0] == "::1"
+        assert sock.getpeername() == listener
+    finally:
+        sock.close()
+
+
+def test_source_address_is_bound(
+    create_connection: Any, listener: tuple[str, int], mock_gai: Any
+) -> None:
+    """The socket binds to the requested source address before connecting."""
+    sock = create_connection(
+        ("example.com", listener[1]),
+        timeout=5,
+        source_address=("127.0.0.1", 0),
+    )
+
+    try:
+        assert sock.getsockname()[0] == "127.0.0.1"
+    finally:
+        sock.close()
+
+
+def test_socket_factory_failure_closes_socket(
+    listener: tuple[str, int], mock_gai: Any
+) -> None:
+    """A socket-option failure fails the connect instead of leaking sockets.
+
+    Instrumented at ``_set_socket_options`` (which the factory calls with
+    the just-created socket) rather than by patching ``socket.socket``,
+    which is platform dependent: the event loop's internal socketpair use
+    differs between platforms.
+    """
+    created: list[socket.socket] = []
+
+    def failing_set_options(sock: socket.socket, options: Any) -> None:
+        created.append(sock)
+        raise OSError("bad socket option")
+
+    # Patch before building the closure; it binds _set_socket_options at
+    # creation time.
+    with patch("urllib3.util.connection._set_socket_options", new=failing_set_options):
+        create_connection = _make_create_connection()
+        with pytest.raises(OSError):
+            create_connection(
+                ("example.com", listener[1]),
+                timeout=5,
+                socket_options=[(999999, 999999, 1)],
+            )
+
+    assert created, "socket factory never ran"
+    assert all(sock.fileno() == -1 for sock in created), "socket leaked open"
+
+
+def test_default_timeout_yields_blocking_socket(
+    create_connection: Any, listener: tuple[str, int], mock_gai: Any
+) -> None:
+    """Without an explicit timeout the socket follows the global default."""
+    sock = create_connection(("example.com", listener[1]))
+
+    try:
+        assert sock.gettimeout() is socket.getdefaulttimeout()
+    finally:
+        sock.close()
+
+
+def test_settimeout_failure_closes_socket(
+    create_connection: Any, mock_gai: Any
+) -> None:
+    """A failure restoring socket state closes the winner instead of leaking."""
+    bad_sock = Mock()
+    bad_sock.settimeout.side_effect = OSError("bad timeout")
+
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.async_thread.run_async", return_value=bad_sock),
+        pytest.raises(OSError, match="bad timeout"),
+    ):
+        create_connection(("example.com", 80), timeout=5)
+
+    bad_sock.close.assert_called_once()
+
+
+def test_connect_timeout_raises() -> None:
+    """A connect that never completes raises within the timeout."""
+
+    async def never(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        await asyncio.sleep(60)
+
+    addr_infos = [_addr_info("192.0.2.1", 9), _addr_info("192.0.2.2", 9)]
+
+    # Patch before building the closure; it binds start_connection at
+    # creation time.
+    with patch("aiohappyeyeballs.start_connection", new=never):
+        create_connection = _make_create_connection()
+        with (
+            patch("socket.getaddrinfo", return_value=addr_infos),
+            pytest.raises(TimeoutError),
+        ):
+            create_connection(("example.com", 80), timeout=0.1)
+
+
+def test_invalid_host_raises_location_parse_error(create_connection: Any) -> None:
+    """Hostnames urllib3 would reject are still rejected."""
+    from urllib3.exceptions import LocationParseError
+
+    with pytest.raises(LocationParseError):
+        create_connection(("a" * 300, 80))
+
+
+def test_empty_getaddrinfo_raises_oserror(create_connection: Any) -> None:
+    """An empty resolution matches stock urllib3's OSError, not ValueError."""
+    with (
+        patch("socket.getaddrinfo", return_value=[]),
+        pytest.raises(OSError, match="empty"),
+    ):
+        create_connection(("example.com", 80), timeout=5)
+
+
+def test_ensure_falls_back_to_stock_when_internals_move(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """If urllib3 private names disappear, downloads keep the stock connect
+    and the warning is latched to fire once, not per download."""
+    import urllib3.util.connection
+
+    from esphome import happy_eyeballs
+
+    def stock(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    factory = Mock(side_effect=ImportError("gone"))
+    monkeypatch.setattr(urllib3.util.connection, "create_connection", stock)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(happy_eyeballs, "_make_create_connection", factory)
+
+    ensure_happy_eyeballs()
+    ensure_happy_eyeballs()
+    assert urllib3.util.connection.create_connection is stock
+    assert factory.call_count == 1
+    assert caplog.text.count("Happy Eyeballs unavailable") == 1
+
+
+def test_ensure_survives_missing_urllib3(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """An unimportable urllib3 degrades with a warning instead of raising."""
+    import sys
+
+    with patch.dict(sys.modules, {"urllib3.util.connection": None}):
+        ensure_happy_eyeballs()
+    assert "Happy Eyeballs unavailable" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_requests_routes_through_shim(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+    """Patching urllib3's create_connection actually reroutes requests."""
+    from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPServer
+    import threading
+
+    import requests
+    import urllib3.util.connection
+
+    class Handler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
+        def do_GET(self) -> None:
+            self.send_response(200)
+            self.send_header("Content-Length", "2")
+            self.end_headers()
+            self.wfile.write(b"ok")
+
+        def log_message(self, *args: Any) -> None:
+            pass
+
+    server = HTTPServer(("127.0.0.1", 0), Handler)
+    threading.Thread(target=server.serve_forever, daemon=True).start()
+    host, port = server.server_address
+
+    calls: list[Any] = []
+    shim = _make_create_connection()
+
+    def counting(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+        calls.append(args)
+        return shim(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    counting._esphome_patched = True
+    monkeypatch.setattr(urllib3.util.connection, "create_connection", counting)
+
+    real_getaddrinfo = socket.getaddrinfo
+
+    def fake_getaddrinfo(h: str, p: int, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+        if h == "shim-test.invalid":
+            return [_addr_info(host, port), _addr_info(host, port)]
+        return real_getaddrinfo(h, p, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(socket, "getaddrinfo", fake_getaddrinfo)
+
+    try:
+        with requests.Session() as session:
+            session.trust_env = False
+            resp = session.get(f"http://shim-test.invalid:{port}/", timeout=5)
+        assert resp.status_code == 200
+        assert resp.content == b"ok"
+        assert calls, "requests did not go through the patched create_connection"
+    finally:
+        server.shutdown()
+        server.server_close()
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_helpers.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_helpers.py
index 211fbf5112..ff82fa3c80 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_helpers.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_helpers.py
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
+import errno
 import io
 import logging
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
 import socket
 import stat
-from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+import types
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, call, patch
 
 from aioesphomeapi.host_resolver import AddrInfo, IPv4Sockaddr, IPv6Sockaddr
 from hypothesis import given, settings
@@ -14,7 +16,7 @@ import pytest
 from esphome import helpers
 from esphome.address_cache import AddressCache
 from esphome.core import CORE, EsphomeError
-from esphome.helpers import ProgressBar
+from esphome.helpers import ProgressBar, format_ip_url
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
@@ -135,6 +137,22 @@ def test_is_ip_address__invalid(host):
     assert actual is False
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("family", "sockaddr", "expected"),
+    (
+        (socket.AF_INET, ("192.168.1.5", 80), "http://192.168.1.5:80/events"),
+        (socket.AF_INET6, ("2001:db8::1", 80, 0, 0), "http://[2001:db8::1]:80/events"),
+        (
+            socket.AF_INET6,
+            ("fe80::1", 8080, 0, 7),
+            "http://[fe80::1%257]:8080/events",
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+def test_format_ip_url(family, sockaddr, expected):
+    assert format_ip_url(family, sockaddr, sockaddr[1], "/events") == expected
+
+
 @settings(deadline=None)
 @given(value=ip_addresses(v=4).map(str))
 def test_is_ip_address__valid(value):
@@ -155,6 +173,13 @@ def test_is_ip_address__valid(value):
         ("FOO", "fAlSe", True, False),
         ("FOO", "Yes", False, True),
         ("FOO", "123", False, True),
+        # cv.boolean's spellings; falsy rows use default=True on purpose
+        ("FOO", "on", False, True),
+        ("FOO", "enable", False, True),
+        ("FOO", "no", True, False),
+        ("FOO", "off", True, False),
+        ("FOO", "OFF", True, False),
+        ("FOO", "Disable", True, False),
     ),
 )
 def test_get_bool_env(monkeypatch, var, value, default, expected):
@@ -237,6 +262,31 @@ class Test_write_file_if_changed:
 
         assert dst.read_text() == text
 
+    def test_damaged_existing_file_is_replaced(
+        self, tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+    ):
+        """A non-UTF-8 existing file is logged and overwritten."""
+        dst = tmp_path / "generated.txt"
+        dst.write_bytes(b"\xff\xfe")
+
+        assert helpers.write_file_if_changed(dst, "fresh content") is True
+
+        assert dst.read_text(encoding="utf-8") == "fresh content"
+        assert "Replacing damaged file" in caplog.text
+
+    def test_unreadable_existing_file_still_raises(self, tmp_path: Path):
+        """An OSError on the comparison read still raises EsphomeError."""
+        dst = tmp_path / "generated.txt"
+        dst.write_text("intact")
+
+        with (
+            patch.object(Path, "read_text", side_effect=OSError("permission denied")),
+            pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="Error reading file"),
+        ):
+            helpers.write_file_if_changed(dst, "fresh content")
+
+        assert dst.exists()
+
     def test_dst_does_not_exist(self, tmp_path: Path):
         text = "A files are unique.\n"
         dst = tmp_path / "file-a.txt"
@@ -917,6 +967,77 @@ def test_copy_file_if_changed_nonexistent_source(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         helpers.copy_file_if_changed(src, dst)
 
 
+def test_rmtree_removes_tree(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Test rmtree removes a populated directory tree."""
+    target = tmp_path / "target"
+    (target / "sub").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (target / "sub" / "file.txt").write_text("content")
+
+    helpers.rmtree(target)
+    assert not target.exists()
+
+
+def test_rmtree_nonexistent_path(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Test rmtree on an already-removed path is a no-op."""
+    helpers.rmtree(tmp_path / "gone")
+
+
+def test_rmtree_retries_when_directory_repopulated(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Test rmtree retries when a file appears mid-delete (Finder .DS_Store race)."""
+    target = tmp_path / "target"
+    (target / "sub").mkdir(parents=True)
+    real_rmdir = os.rmdir
+    repopulated = False
+
+    def racy_rmdir(path, **kwargs):
+        nonlocal repopulated
+        if not repopulated and Path(path).name == "target":
+            repopulated = True
+            (target / ".DS_Store").write_text("x")  # Finder wins the race
+        real_rmdir(path, **kwargs)
+
+    with patch("os.rmdir", side_effect=racy_rmdir), patch("time.sleep"):
+        helpers.rmtree(target)
+    assert repopulated
+    assert not target.exists()
+
+
+def test_rmtree_raises_after_retries_exhausted(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Test rmtree gives up on a persistent ENOTEMPTY once attempts run out."""
+    target = tmp_path / "target"
+    target.mkdir()
+    errs = [
+        OSError(errno.ENOTEMPTY, "Directory not empty", str(target))
+        for _ in range(helpers.RMTREE_MAX_ATTEMPTS)
+    ]
+
+    with (
+        patch("shutil.rmtree", side_effect=errs) as mock_rmtree,
+        patch("time.sleep") as mock_sleep,
+        pytest.raises(OSError, match="Directory not empty") as excinfo,
+    ):
+        helpers.rmtree(target)
+    assert mock_rmtree.call_count == helpers.RMTREE_MAX_ATTEMPTS
+    assert mock_sleep.call_args_list == [call(0.05), call(0.1)]
+    # Final failure chains to the last retried race
+    assert excinfo.value is errs[-1]
+    assert excinfo.value.__cause__ is errs[-2]
+
+
+def test_rmtree_does_not_retry_other_oserror(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Test rmtree raises non-ENOTEMPTY errors immediately."""
+    target = tmp_path / "target"
+    target.mkdir()
+    err = OSError(errno.EACCES, "Permission denied", str(target))
+
+    with (
+        patch("shutil.rmtree", side_effect=err) as mock_rmtree,
+        pytest.raises(OSError, match="Permission denied"),
+    ):
+        helpers.rmtree(target)
+    assert mock_rmtree.call_count == 1
+
+
 def test_resolve_ip_address_sorting() -> None:
     """Test that results are sorted by preference."""
     # Create multiple address infos with different preferences
@@ -1076,6 +1197,20 @@ def test_progressbar_enabled_on_pipe_with_dashboard(monkeypatch) -> None:
     assert bar.enabled is True
 
 
+def test_progressbar_interrupt_keeps_finished_bar_done(monkeypatch) -> None:
+    """interrupt() on a bar whose 100% frame already ended its own line
+    must not reset it, or the next tick would redraw a second Done row."""
+    stream = MagicMock(spec=io.TextIOWrapper)
+    stream.isatty.return_value = True
+    monkeypatch.setattr(CORE, "dashboard", False)
+
+    bar = ProgressBar("Uploading", stream=stream)
+    bar.update(1)
+    assert bar.last_progress == 100
+    bar.interrupt()
+    assert bar.last_progress == 100
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     ("seconds", "expected"),
     [
@@ -1092,3 +1227,26 @@ def test_progressbar_enabled_on_pipe_with_dashboard(monkeypatch) -> None:
 def test_format_duration(seconds: float, expected: str) -> None:
     """Test that durations are rendered as short human-readable strings."""
     assert helpers.format_duration(seconds) == expected
+
+
+def test_get_usable_cpu_count() -> None:
+    """Returns a positive int on the real host."""
+    count = helpers.get_usable_cpu_count()
+    assert isinstance(count, int)
+    assert count > 0
+
+
+def test_get_usable_cpu_count_sources() -> None:
+    """Prefers process_cpu_count, falls back to cpu_count, degrades to 1."""
+    mock_os = types.SimpleNamespace(process_cpu_count=lambda: 8, cpu_count=lambda: 4)
+    with patch("esphome.helpers.os", mock_os):
+        assert helpers.get_usable_cpu_count() == 8
+
+    mock_os_no_process = types.SimpleNamespace(cpu_count=lambda: 4)
+    with patch("esphome.helpers.os", mock_os_no_process):
+        assert helpers.get_usable_cpu_count() == 4
+
+    # An undeterminable count degrades to one worker, never zero
+    mock_os_unknown = types.SimpleNamespace(cpu_count=lambda: None)
+    with patch("esphome.helpers.os", mock_os_unknown):
+        assert helpers.get_usable_cpu_count() == 1
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_lazy_imports.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_lazy_imports.py
index 8358f4b781..b6878c33a2 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_lazy_imports.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_lazy_imports.py
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ test pins down *which* heavy modules must stay out entirely.
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import importlib.util
-import os
 from pathlib import Path
 import subprocess
 import sys
@@ -46,6 +45,11 @@ API_HEAVY_MODULES = ("aioesphomeapi",)
 # never pays for the bundle machinery and its tarfile chain.
 BUNDLE_HEAVY_MODULES = ("esphome.bundle", "tarfile")
 
+# Heavy only for a cache-hit upload/logs run: the JSON cache parse must
+# not resolve pyyaml or the yaml_util chain (the read_config fallback
+# still uses both).
+CACHE_HIT_HEAVY_MODULES = ("esphome.yaml_util", "yaml")
+
 # Stdlib modules deferred out of the dispatch fast path: a cache-hit
 # upload/logs run never writes a file (tempfile), spawns a process
 # (subprocess), parses a URL (urllib.parse), or prints a serial
@@ -56,8 +60,6 @@ STDLIB_FAST_PATH_MODULES = (
     "tempfile",
     "subprocess",
     "getpass",
-    # Pins the module-level contract only: PyYAML's constructor loads
-    # datetime during the cache parse until the JSON cache lands.
     "datetime",
     *(("urllib.parse",) if sys.version_info >= (3, 13) else ()),
 )
@@ -108,6 +110,7 @@ def test_watched_heavy_modules_exist() -> None:
         FAST_PATH_HEAVY_MODULES
         + API_HEAVY_MODULES
         + BUNDLE_HEAVY_MODULES
+        + CACHE_HIT_HEAVY_MODULES
         + STDLIB_FAST_PATH_MODULES
     ):
         assert importlib.util.find_spec(module) is not None, (
@@ -116,18 +119,17 @@ def test_watched_heavy_modules_exist() -> None:
 
 
 def _leaked_from_fixture(
-    fixture_path: Path, script_name: str, extra: tuple[str, ...] = ()
+    fixture_path: Path,
+    env: dict[str, str],
+    script_name: str,
+    extra: tuple[str, ...] = (),
 ) -> str:
     """Run a fixture script with the watched modules on argv.
 
-    Running a script file drops the cwd from sys.path, so prepend the
-    repo root for the child; a non-zero exit surfaces the child's stderr.
+    ``env`` comes from the ``probe_env`` fixture so the child can import
+    the repo checkout; a non-zero exit surfaces the child's stderr.
     """
     script = fixture_path / "lazy_imports" / script_name
-    python_path = str(Path(__file__).parents[2])
-    if ambient := os.environ.get("PYTHONPATH"):
-        python_path = os.pathsep.join((python_path, ambient))
-    env = os.environ | {"PYTHONPATH": python_path}
     result = subprocess.run(
         [sys.executable, str(script), *FAST_PATH_HEAVY_MODULES, *extra],
         capture_output=True,
@@ -141,12 +143,13 @@ def _leaked_from_fixture(
 
 def test_storage_json_fast_path_does_not_import_heavy_modules(
     fixture_path: Path,
+    probe_env: dict[str, str],
 ) -> None:
     """``apply_to_core`` runs on the upload/logs fast path for every
     platform; parsing the stored framework version must not drag in the
     validation stack or the esp32 component package.
     """
-    leaked = _leaked_from_fixture(fixture_path, "storage_json_fast_path.py")
+    leaked = _leaked_from_fixture(fixture_path, probe_env, "storage_json_fast_path.py")
     assert not leaked, (
         f"storage_json.apply_to_core pulls in heavy modules: {leaked}. "
         "The upload/logs fast path skips validation; importing the "
@@ -156,12 +159,15 @@ def test_storage_json_fast_path_does_not_import_heavy_modules(
 
 def test_esptool_upload_fast_path_does_not_import_heavy_modules(
     fixture_path: Path,
+    probe_env: dict[str, str],
 ) -> None:
     """The esptool serial upload reads the esp32 variant from CORE.data;
     resolving it must not drag in the esp32 component package or the
     validation stack.
     """
-    leaked = _leaked_from_fixture(fixture_path, "esptool_upload_fast_path.py")
+    leaked = _leaked_from_fixture(
+        fixture_path, probe_env, "esptool_upload_fast_path.py"
+    )
     assert not leaked, (
         f"upload_using_esptool pulls in heavy modules: {leaked}. "
         "The upload fast path skips validation; importing the validation "
@@ -262,6 +268,7 @@ def test_yaml_util_does_not_import_heavy_modules() -> None:
 
 def test_upload_command_path_does_not_import_heavy_modules(
     fixture_path: Path,
+    probe_env: dict[str, str],
 ) -> None:
     """The single-config dispatch path checks the bundle suffix on every
     run; reading it from esphome.const must not drag in esphome.bundle
@@ -269,14 +276,15 @@ def test_upload_command_path_does_not_import_heavy_modules(
     """
     leaked = _leaked_from_fixture(
         fixture_path,
+        probe_env,
         "upload_command_fast_path.py",
-        extra=BUNDLE_HEAVY_MODULES + STDLIB_FAST_PATH_MODULES,
+        extra=BUNDLE_HEAVY_MODULES + CACHE_HIT_HEAVY_MODULES + STDLIB_FAST_PATH_MODULES,
     )
     assert not leaked, (
         f"the upload dispatch path pulls in heavy modules: {leaked}. "
         "An ordinary run only needs the bundle suffix constant, and the "
-        "cache parse must not resolve voluptuous; keep the esphome.bundle "
-        "import inside the branch that extracts one, the Invalid import "
-        "inside the branch that raises it, and the deferred stdlib "
-        "imports inside the write/spawn/serial helpers that use them."
+        "JSON cache parse must not resolve voluptuous or pyyaml; keep the "
+        "esphome.bundle import inside the branch that extracts one, the "
+        "yaml_util imports inside the read_config fallback, and the "
+        "deferred stdlib imports inside the write/spawn/serial helpers."
     )
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_loader.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_loader.py
index 41dd462678..74515e9d4c 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_loader.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_loader.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
 
 import pytest
 
+from esphome.component_aliases import COMPONENT_ALIASES
 from esphome.loader import (
     AliasMeta,
     ComponentManifest,
@@ -481,6 +482,33 @@ def test_real_alias_map_includes_rp2040() -> None:
     assert meta["rp2040"].removal_version == "2027.7.0"
 
 
+def test_alias_registry_matches_component_tree() -> None:
+    """The checked-in registry must match a live scan of the component tree."""
+    _, meta_map = _build_alias_map()
+    expected = {
+        alias: (meta.canonical, meta.removal_version)
+        for alias, meta in meta_map.items()
+    }
+    assert expected == COMPONENT_ALIASES, (
+        "esphome/component_aliases.py is out of date; "
+        "run script/build_alias_registry.py"
+    )
+
+
+def test_alias_map_built_from_registry() -> None:
+    """The runtime alias map comes from the generated registry, not a scan."""
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "esphome.component_aliases.COMPONENT_ALIASES",
+            {"legacy": ("modern", "2099.1.0")},
+        ),
+        patch("esphome.loader._ALIAS_META_CACHE", None),
+    ):
+        assert get_alias_metadata() == {
+            "legacy": AliasMeta(canonical="modern", removal_version="2099.1.0")
+        }
+
+
 def test_get_component_resolves_alias() -> None:
     """``get_component('rp2040')`` should return the rp2 manifest — every
     caller of the loader (dep checker, schema validator, codegen) hits
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_log.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_log.py
index 02798f1029..40e3aa6d22 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_log.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_log.py
@@ -1,6 +1,43 @@
+from collections.abc import Generator
+import io
+import logging
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+import select
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import time
+
 import pytest
 
-from esphome.log import AnsiFore, AnsiStyle, color
+from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.log import AnsiFore, AnsiStyle, color, setup_log
+
+
+class _FakeTty(io.StringIO):
+    def isatty(self) -> bool:
+        return True
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def restore_logging_state() -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    """Undo the global logging changes setup_log() makes."""
+    root = logging.getLogger()
+    handlers = root.handlers[:]
+    formatters = [handler.formatter for handler in handlers]
+    level = root.level
+    urllib3_level = logging.getLogger("urllib3").level
+    yield
+    root.handlers[:] = handlers
+    for handler, formatter in zip(handlers, formatters, strict=True):
+        handler.setFormatter(formatter)
+    root.setLevel(level)
+    logging.getLogger("urllib3").setLevel(urllib3_level)
+
+
+def _probe_command(fixture_path: Path, *args: str) -> list[str]:
+    """Build the command line for the setup_log probe fixture script."""
+    return [sys.executable, str(fixture_path / "log" / "setup_log_probe.py"), *args]
 
 
 def test_color_keep_returns_unchanged_message() -> None:
@@ -78,3 +115,227 @@ def test_ansi_fore_keep_is_enum_member() -> None:
     assert bool(AnsiFore.KEEP) is True
     # But the value itself is still an empty string
     assert AnsiFore.KEEP.value == ""
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    sys.platform == "win32", reason="colorama always initializes on Windows"
+)
+def test_setup_log_redirected_output_strips_ansi(
+    fixture_path: Path, probe_env: dict[str, str]
+) -> None:
+    """A redirected run must keep colorama so ANSI codes are stripped."""
+    result = subprocess.run(
+        _probe_command(fixture_path),
+        capture_output=True,
+        text=True,
+        timeout=60,
+        check=False,
+        env=probe_env,
+    )
+    assert result.returncode == 0, result.stderr
+    assert "colorama_loaded=True" in result.stdout
+    assert "red end" in result.stdout
+    assert "\033" not in result.stdout
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    sys.platform == "win32", reason="colorama always initializes on Windows"
+)
+def test_setup_log_dashboard_skips_colorama(
+    fixture_path: Path, probe_env: dict[str, str]
+) -> None:
+    """Dashboard runs escape their color codes, so colorama must not load."""
+    result = subprocess.run(
+        _probe_command(fixture_path, "--dashboard"),
+        capture_output=True,
+        text=True,
+        timeout=60,
+        check=False,
+        env=probe_env,
+    )
+    assert result.returncode == 0, result.stderr
+    assert "colorama_loaded=False" in result.stdout
+    # Codes pass through untouched for the dashboard to handle.
+    assert "\033[31mred\033[0m end" in result.stdout
+
+
+def _run_probe_on_pty(
+    fixture_path: Path, probe_env: dict[str, str], *, stderr_to_pty: bool
+) -> str:
+    """Run the probe with stdout on a pty and return the decoded pty output.
+
+    With ``stderr_to_pty=False`` stderr goes to a pipe instead, giving the
+    mixed tty/redirect stream combination while keeping any traceback
+    available for the exit assertion.
+    """
+    # Unix-only; a module-level import would break test collection on
+    # Windows, where all the callers are skipped anyway.
+    import pty
+
+    controller, follower = pty.openpty()
+    proc = None
+    output = b""
+    deadline = time.monotonic() + 60
+    try:
+        proc = subprocess.Popen(
+            _probe_command(fixture_path),
+            stdout=follower,
+            stderr=follower if stderr_to_pty else subprocess.PIPE,
+            stdin=follower,
+            env=probe_env,
+        )
+        # The parent keeps the follower open until the child has exited and
+        # the controller is drained: macOS discards buffered pty output once
+        # the last follower closes, so closing it early loses the probe's
+        # output whenever the child finishes before the first read.
+        while proc.poll() is None:
+            if time.monotonic() > deadline:
+                pytest.fail(f"pty probe did not exit in time; got {output!r}")
+            if select.select([controller], [], [], 0.01)[0]:
+                output += os.read(controller, 4096)
+        # Everything the child wrote is already buffered, so drain without waiting.
+        while select.select([controller], [], [], 0)[0] and (
+            chunk := os.read(controller, 4096)
+        ):
+            output += chunk
+        stderr_text = ""
+        if proc.stderr is not None:
+            stderr_text = proc.stderr.read().decode(errors="replace")
+            proc.stderr.close()
+        assert proc.returncode == 0, stderr_text
+    finally:
+        os.close(follower)
+        os.close(controller)
+        if proc is not None and proc.poll() is None:
+            proc.kill()
+            proc.wait()
+    return output.decode()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    sys.platform == "win32", reason="pty is POSIX-only; colorama loads on Windows"
+)
+def test_setup_log_tty_skips_colorama(
+    fixture_path: Path, probe_env: dict[str, str]
+) -> None:
+    """A terminal run must skip colorama and keep ANSI codes intact."""
+    text = _run_probe_on_pty(fixture_path, probe_env, stderr_to_pty=True)
+    assert "colorama_loaded=False" in text
+    assert "\033[31mred\033[0m end" in text
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    sys.platform == "win32", reason="pty is POSIX-only; colorama loads on Windows"
+)
+def test_setup_log_mixed_streams_init_colorama(
+    fixture_path: Path, probe_env: dict[str, str]
+) -> None:
+    """A tty stdout with a redirected stderr must still initialize colorama.
+
+    The guard requires both streams to be a tty; collapsing it to a
+    single-stream check would stop stripping ANSI from a redirected
+    stderr while stdout is a terminal.
+    """
+    text = _run_probe_on_pty(fixture_path, probe_env, stderr_to_pty=False)
+    assert "colorama_loaded=True" in text
+    # stdout is a tty, so colorama leaves its codes alone.
+    assert "\033[31mred\033[0m end" in text
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def colorama_probe(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, restore_logging_state: None
+) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    """Shared preamble for the in-process guard-branch tests.
+
+    Clears colorama from sys.modules so the assertions prove what
+    setup_log() itself did, and snapshots CORE.verbose/quiet, which is
+    not a no-op: CORE.reset() does not restore them, so without the
+    snapshot setup_log()'s log-level side effects would leak into later
+    tests.
+    """
+    monkeypatch.delitem(sys.modules, "colorama", raising=False)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(CORE, "verbose", CORE.verbose)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(CORE, "quiet", CORE.quiet)
+    yield
+    # init() rebinds sys.stdout/stderr; restore them before monkeypatch
+    # puts the originals back.
+    if (colorama := sys.modules.get("colorama")) is not None:
+        colorama.deinit()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    sys.platform == "win32", reason="colorama always initializes on Windows"
+)
+def test_setup_log_dashboard_branch_skips_colorama_import(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, colorama_probe: None
+) -> None:
+    """The dashboard side of the guard must not import colorama."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(CORE, "dashboard", True)
+    setup_log()
+    assert "colorama" not in sys.modules
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    sys.platform == "win32", reason="colorama always initializes on Windows"
+)
+def test_setup_log_tty_branch_skips_colorama_import(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, colorama_probe: None
+) -> None:
+    """The tty side of the guard must not import colorama."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "stdout", _FakeTty())
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "stderr", _FakeTty())
+    setup_log()
+    assert "colorama" not in sys.modules
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    sys.platform == "win32", reason="colorama always initializes on Windows"
+)
+def test_setup_log_redirected_branch_imports_colorama(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, colorama_probe: None
+) -> None:
+    """Redirected streams must keep importing and initializing colorama."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "stdout", io.StringIO())
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "stderr", io.StringIO())
+    setup_log()
+    assert "colorama" in sys.modules
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("broken", ["missing", "closed"])
+def test_setup_log_broken_streams_import_colorama(
+    broken: str, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, colorama_probe: None
+) -> None:
+    """A missing or closed stream counts as a redirect and must not crash.
+
+    colorama tolerates both, so setup_log() has to reach its init rather
+    than raise inside the tty probe.
+    """
+    if broken == "missing":
+        stream = None
+    else:
+        stream = io.StringIO()
+        stream.close()
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "stdout", stream)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "stderr", stream)
+    setup_log()
+    assert "colorama" in sys.modules
+
+
+def test_setup_log_win32_always_imports_colorama(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, colorama_probe: None
+) -> None:
+    """The Windows clause must init colorama even when both streams are ttys.
+
+    Old Windows consoles need colorama to translate ANSI escapes, so the
+    platform check has to win over the tty check. colorama itself keys
+    off os.name, so on a POSIX host its init/deinit pair is a
+    passthrough.
+    """
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "platform", "win32")
+    # Both streams are ttys: without the platform clause this combination
+    # would skip colorama.
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "stdout", _FakeTty())
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "stderr", _FakeTty())
+    setup_log()
+    assert "colorama" in sys.modules
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_main.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_main.py
index 6c13cd5f12..5372a7203d 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_main.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_main.py
@@ -11,22 +11,28 @@ from pathlib import Path
 import re
 import sys
 import time
+from types import SimpleNamespace
 from typing import Any, Self
 from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock, Mock, patch
 
 import pytest
 from pytest import CaptureFixture
+import serial
 from zeroconf import ServiceStateChange
 
+from esphome import __main__ as main, yaml_util
 from esphome.__main__ import (
     Purpose,
     _get_configured_xtal_freq,
     _make_crystal_freq_callback,
     _redact_with_legacy_fallback,
     _resolve_network_devices,
+    _should_subscribe_states,
+    _split_network_devices,
     _unresolved_default_error,
     _validate_bootloader_binary,
     _validate_partition_table_binary,
+    _wrap_to_code,
     check_permissions,
     choose_upload_log_host,
     command_analyze_memory,
@@ -51,6 +57,7 @@ from esphome.__main__ import (
     has_non_ip_address,
     has_ota,
     has_resolvable_address,
+    has_web_server_logging,
     has_web_server_ota,
     mqtt_get_ip,
     parse_args,
@@ -64,21 +71,26 @@ from esphome.__main__ import (
 )
 from esphome.address_cache import AddressCache
 from esphome.bundle import BUNDLE_EXTENSION, BundleFile, BundleResult
-from esphome.components import esp32, esp8266
+from esphome.components import esp32, esp8266, mqtt
 from esphome.components.esp32 import (
     KEY_ESP32,
     KEY_VARIANT,
     VARIANT_ESP32,
     get_esp32_variant,
 )
+from esphome.config import Config
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_API,
     CONF_AUTH,
     CONF_BAUD_RATE,
     CONF_BROKER,
     CONF_DISABLED,
+    CONF_DISCOVER_IP,
+    CONF_ENCRYPTION,
     CONF_ESPHOME,
+    CONF_KEY,
     CONF_LEVEL,
+    CONF_LOG,
     CONF_LOG_TOPIC,
     CONF_LOGGER,
     CONF_MDNS,
@@ -93,13 +105,16 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TOPIC,
     CONF_USE_ADDRESS,
     CONF_USERNAME,
+    CONF_VERSION,
     CONF_WEB_SERVER,
     CONF_WIFI,
     KEY_CORE,
+    KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK,
     KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM,
     PLATFORM_BK72XX,
     PLATFORM_ESP32,
     PLATFORM_ESP8266,
+    PLATFORM_HOST,
     PLATFORM_NRF52,
     PLATFORM_RP2,
     Toolchain,
@@ -111,6 +126,7 @@ from esphome.espota2 import (
     OTA_TYPE_UPDATE_PARTITION_TABLE,
 )
 from esphome.platformio import toolchain
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 from esphome.util import BootselResult, FlashImage
 from esphome.zeroconf import _await_discovery, discover_mdns_devices
 
@@ -559,8 +575,6 @@ def test_command_config__no_defaults_dumps_user_snapshot(
 ) -> None:
     """``--no-defaults`` dumps ``config.user_config`` instead of the
     validated config, so schema defaults don't leak into the output."""
-    from esphome.config import Config
-
     setup_core(tmp_path=tmp_path, config={"esphome": {"name": "test"}})
     args = MockArgs()
     args.show_secrets = True
@@ -613,8 +627,6 @@ def test_command_config__no_defaults_skips_strip_default_ids(
 ) -> None:
     """When ``--no-defaults`` is set, ``strip_default_ids`` isn't run --
     the user snapshot is already free of schema-injected IDs."""
-    from esphome.config import Config
-
     setup_core(tmp_path=tmp_path, config={"esphome": {"name": "test"}})
     args = MockArgs()
     args.show_secrets = True
@@ -815,6 +827,30 @@ def test_choose_upload_log_host_with_ota_device_with_api_config_logging() -> Non
     assert result == ["192.168.1.100"]
 
 
+def test_choose_upload_log_host_logging_web_server_only_ip() -> None:
+    """A web_server-only device with a static IP resolves to that IP for logs."""
+    setup_core(config={CONF_WEB_SERVER: {}}, address="192.168.1.100")
+
+    result = choose_upload_log_host(
+        default="OTA",
+        check_default=None,
+        purpose=Purpose.LOGGING,
+    )
+    assert result == ["192.168.1.100"]
+
+
+def test_choose_upload_log_host_logging_web_server_only_mdns() -> None:
+    """A web_server-only device with a .local name resolves to that hostname."""
+    setup_core(config={CONF_WEB_SERVER: {}}, address="test.local")
+
+    result = choose_upload_log_host(
+        default="OTA",
+        check_default=None,
+        purpose=Purpose.LOGGING,
+    )
+    assert result == ["test.local"]
+
+
 def test_choose_upload_log_host_logging_without_api_reports_missing_api() -> None:
     """A resolvable device with only ota: fails logs with a missing-api message."""
     setup_core(
@@ -854,6 +890,17 @@ def test_unresolved_default_error_unresolvable_keeps_dashboard_hint() -> None:
     assert "set 'use_address'" in msg
 
 
+def test_unresolved_default_error_logging_suggests_web_server() -> None:
+    """The missing-api log message lists web_server among the remediations."""
+    setup_core(
+        config={CONF_OTA: [{CONF_PLATFORM: CONF_ESPHOME}]}, address="192.168.1.100"
+    )
+
+    msg = _unresolved_default_error(Purpose.LOGGING, ["OTA"])
+    assert "no 'api:' component is configured" in msg
+    assert "'web_server:'" in msg
+
+
 def test_unresolved_default_error_upload_with_ota_is_generic() -> None:
     """With ota: present the upload error stays generic, not transport-specific."""
     setup_core(
@@ -2061,10 +2108,65 @@ def test_upload_program_ota_success(
         tmp_path / ".esphome" / "build" / "test" / ".pioenvs" / "test" / "firmware.bin"
     )
     mock_run_ota.assert_called_once_with(
-        ["192.168.1.100"], 3232, "secret", expected_firmware, OTA_TYPE_UPDATE_APP
+        ["192.168.1.100"], 3232, "secret", expected_firmware, OTA_TYPE_UPDATE_APP, None
     )
 
 
+def test_upload_program_ota_encryption_key(
+    mock_run_ota: Mock,
+    mock_get_port_type: Mock,
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """The resolved encryption key is passed through to run_ota."""
+    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_ESP32, tmp_path=tmp_path)
+    mock_get_port_type.return_value = "NETWORK"
+    mock_run_ota.return_value = (0, "192.168.1.100")
+
+    key = "AAECAwQFBgcICQoLDA0ODxAREhMUFRYXGBkaGxwdHh8="
+    config = {
+        CONF_OTA: [
+            {
+                CONF_PLATFORM: CONF_ESPHOME,
+                CONF_PORT: 3232,
+                CONF_ENCRYPTION: {CONF_KEY: key},
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+    exit_code, host = upload_program(config, MockArgs(), ["192.168.1.100"])
+
+    assert exit_code == 0
+    assert host == "192.168.1.100"
+    expected_firmware = (
+        tmp_path / ".esphome" / "build" / "test" / ".pioenvs" / "test" / "firmware.bin"
+    )
+    mock_run_ota.assert_called_once_with(
+        ["192.168.1.100"], 3232, None, expected_firmware, OTA_TYPE_UPDATE_APP, key
+    )
+
+
+def test_upload_program_ota_encryption_without_key_fails_closed(
+    mock_run_ota: Mock,
+    mock_get_port_type: Mock,
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """An encryption block with no resolved key must never upload plaintext."""
+    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_ESP32, tmp_path=tmp_path)
+    mock_get_port_type.return_value = "NETWORK"
+
+    config = {
+        CONF_OTA: [
+            {
+                CONF_PLATFORM: CONF_ESPHOME,
+                CONF_PORT: 3232,
+                CONF_ENCRYPTION: {},
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="no key was resolved"):
+        upload_program(config, MockArgs(), ["192.168.1.100"])
+    mock_run_ota.assert_not_called()
+
+
 def test_upload_program_ota_with_file_arg(
     mock_run_ota: Mock,
     mock_get_port_type: Mock,
@@ -2092,7 +2194,7 @@ def test_upload_program_ota_with_file_arg(
     assert exit_code == 0
     assert host == "192.168.1.100"
     mock_run_ota.assert_called_once_with(
-        ["192.168.1.100"], 3232, None, Path("custom.bin"), OTA_TYPE_UPDATE_APP
+        ["192.168.1.100"], 3232, None, Path("custom.bin"), OTA_TYPE_UPDATE_APP, None
     )
 
 
@@ -2147,6 +2249,7 @@ def test_upload_program_ota_partition_table_with_file_arg(
         None,
         partition_file,
         OTA_TYPE_UPDATE_PARTITION_TABLE,
+        None,
     )
 
 
@@ -2208,6 +2311,7 @@ def test_upload_program_ota_partition_table_mqttip(
         None,
         partition_file,
         OTA_TYPE_UPDATE_PARTITION_TABLE,
+        None,
     )
 
 
@@ -2395,6 +2499,7 @@ def test_upload_program_ota_bootloader_with_file_arg(
         None,
         bootloader_file,
         OTA_TYPE_UPDATE_BOOTLOADER,
+        None,
     )
 
 
@@ -2533,6 +2638,66 @@ def test_has_web_server_ota_returns_false_without_config() -> None:
     assert has_ota() is True
 
 
+def test_has_web_server_logging_default() -> None:
+    """has_web_server_logging is True for a default web_server (v2, log on)."""
+    setup_core(config={CONF_WEB_SERVER: {}})
+    assert has_web_server_logging() is True
+
+
+def test_has_web_server_logging_without_config() -> None:
+    """has_web_server_logging is False when web_server is not configured."""
+    setup_core(config={CONF_API: {}})
+    assert has_web_server_logging() is False
+
+
+def test_has_web_server_logging_v1_has_no_events_stream() -> None:
+    """has_web_server_logging is False for v1, which has no /events endpoint."""
+    setup_core(config={CONF_WEB_SERVER: {CONF_VERSION: 1}})
+    assert has_web_server_logging() is False
+
+
+def test_has_web_server_logging_respects_log_disabled() -> None:
+    """has_web_server_logging is False when the web_server log option is off."""
+    setup_core(config={CONF_WEB_SERVER: {CONF_LOG: False}})
+    assert has_web_server_logging() is False
+
+
+def test_upload_program_web_server_warns_when_encryption_configured(
+    mock_run_web_server_ota: Mock,
+    mock_run_ota: Mock,
+    mock_get_port_type: Mock,
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """Explicitly picking web_server OTA on an encrypted config warns about
+    the plaintext upload path."""
+    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_ESP32, tmp_path=tmp_path)
+    mock_get_port_type.return_value = "NETWORK"
+    mock_run_web_server_ota.return_value = (0, "192.168.1.100")
+
+    config = {
+        CONF_OTA: [
+            {
+                CONF_PLATFORM: CONF_ESPHOME,
+                CONF_PORT: 3232,
+                CONF_ENCRYPTION: {CONF_KEY: "test_key"},
+            },
+            {CONF_PLATFORM: CONF_WEB_SERVER},
+        ],
+        CONF_WEB_SERVER: {
+            CONF_PORT: 80,
+            CONF_AUTH: {CONF_USERNAME: "admin", CONF_PASSWORD: "pw"},
+        },
+    }
+    args = MockArgs(ota_platform=CONF_WEB_SERVER)
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        exit_code, _ = upload_program(config, args, ["192.168.1.100"])
+
+    assert exit_code == 0
+    assert any("plaintext HTTP" in record.message for record in caplog.records)
+    mock_run_ota.assert_not_called()
+
+
 def test_upload_program_web_server_only_auto_dispatches(
     mock_run_web_server_ota: Mock,
     mock_run_ota: Mock,
@@ -2816,12 +2981,14 @@ def test_upload_program_ota_with_mqtt_resolution(
 
     assert exit_code == 0
     assert host == "192.168.1.100"
-    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(config, "user", "pass", "client")
+    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(
+        config, "user", "pass", "client", stop_event=None
+    )
     expected_firmware = (
         tmp_path / ".esphome" / "build" / "test" / ".pioenvs" / "test" / "firmware.bin"
     )
     mock_run_ota.assert_called_once_with(
-        ["192.168.1.100"], 3232, None, expected_firmware, OTA_TYPE_UPDATE_APP
+        ["192.168.1.100"], 3232, None, expected_firmware, OTA_TYPE_UPDATE_APP, None
     )
 
 
@@ -2863,13 +3030,15 @@ def test_upload_program_ota_with_mqtt_empty_broker(
     assert exit_code == 0
     assert host == "192.168.1.50"
     # Verify MQTT was attempted but failed gracefully
-    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(config, "user", "pass", "client")
+    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(
+        config, "user", "pass", "client", stop_event=None
+    )
     # Verify we fell back to the IP address
     expected_firmware = (
         tmp_path / ".esphome" / "build" / "test" / ".pioenvs" / "test" / "firmware.bin"
     )
     mock_run_ota.assert_called_once_with(
-        ["192.168.1.50"], 3232, None, expected_firmware, OTA_TYPE_UPDATE_APP
+        ["192.168.1.50"], 3232, None, expected_firmware, OTA_TYPE_UPDATE_APP, None
     )
     # Verify warning was logged
     assert "MQTT IP discovery failed" in caplog.text
@@ -2952,7 +3121,10 @@ def test_show_logs_api(
 
     assert result == 0
     mock_run_logs.assert_called_once_with(
-        CORE.config, ["192.168.1.100", "192.168.1.101"], subscribe_states=True
+        CORE.config,
+        ["192.168.1.100", "192.168.1.101"],
+        subscribe_states=True,
+        mqtt_resolver=None,
     )
 
 
@@ -2979,7 +3151,7 @@ def test_show_logs_api_no_states(
 
     assert result == 0
     mock_run_logs.assert_called_once_with(
-        CORE.config, ["192.168.1.100"], subscribe_states=False
+        CORE.config, ["192.168.1.100"], subscribe_states=False, mqtt_resolver=None
     )
 
 
@@ -3006,7 +3178,7 @@ def test_show_logs_api_with_fqdn_mdns_disabled(
     assert result == 0
     # Should use the FQDN directly, not try MQTT lookup
     mock_run_logs.assert_called_once_with(
-        CORE.config, ["device.example.com"], subscribe_states=True
+        CORE.config, ["device.example.com"], subscribe_states=True, mqtt_resolver=None
     )
 
 
@@ -3034,9 +3206,44 @@ def test_show_logs_api_with_mqtt_fallback(
     result = show_logs(CORE.config, args, devices)
 
     assert result == 0
-    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(CORE.config, "user", "pass", "client")
+    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(
+        CORE.config, "user", "pass", "client", stop_event=None
+    )
     mock_run_logs.assert_called_once_with(
-        CORE.config, ["192.168.1.200"], subscribe_states=True
+        CORE.config, ["192.168.1.200"], subscribe_states=True, mqtt_resolver=None
+    )
+
+
+@patch("esphome.mqtt.show_logs")
+def test_show_logs_api_mqtt_only_resolve_failure_falls_back_to_mqtt_logs(
+    mock_mqtt_show_logs: Mock,
+    mock_mqtt_get_ip: Mock,
+) -> None:
+    """With no addresses at all after a failed MQTT lookup, MQTT logging is used."""
+    setup_core(
+        config={
+            "logger": {},
+            CONF_API: {},
+            CONF_MQTT: {CONF_BROKER: "mqtt.local"},
+        },
+        platform=PLATFORM_ESP32,
+    )
+    mock_mqtt_show_logs.return_value = 0
+    mock_mqtt_get_ip.side_effect = EsphomeError("Failed to find IP via MQTT")
+
+    args = MockArgs(
+        topic="esphome/logs", username="user", password="pass", client_id="client"
+    )
+    devices = ["MQTT", "MQTTIP"]
+
+    result = show_logs(CORE.config, args, devices)
+
+    assert result == 0
+    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(
+        CORE.config, "user", "pass", "client", stop_event=None
+    )
+    mock_mqtt_show_logs.assert_called_once_with(
+        CORE.config, "esphome/logs", "user", "pass", "client"
     )
 
 
@@ -3101,6 +3308,77 @@ def test_show_logs_network_with_mqtt_only(
     )
 
 
+@patch("esphome.web_server_logs.run_logs")
+def test_show_logs_web_server(
+    mock_run_logs: Mock,
+) -> None:
+    """A web_server-only device streams logs over the HTTP SSE endpoint."""
+    setup_core(
+        config={
+            "logger": {},
+            CONF_WEB_SERVER: {CONF_PORT: 80},
+            # No API or MQTT configured
+        },
+        platform=PLATFORM_ESP32,
+    )
+    mock_run_logs.return_value = 0
+
+    result = show_logs(CORE.config, MockArgs(), ["192.168.1.100"])
+
+    assert result == 0
+    mock_run_logs.assert_called_once_with(["192.168.1.100"], 80, None, None)
+
+
+@patch("esphome.web_server_logs.run_logs")
+def test_show_logs_web_server_with_auth_and_port(
+    mock_run_logs: Mock,
+) -> None:
+    """web_server port and basic-auth credentials are forwarded to the streamer."""
+    setup_core(
+        config={
+            "logger": {},
+            CONF_WEB_SERVER: {
+                CONF_PORT: 8080,
+                CONF_AUTH: {CONF_USERNAME: "admin", CONF_PASSWORD: "secret"},
+            },
+        },
+        platform=PLATFORM_ESP32,
+    )
+    mock_run_logs.return_value = 0
+
+    result = show_logs(CORE.config, MockArgs(), ["192.168.1.100"])
+
+    assert result == 0
+    mock_run_logs.assert_called_once_with(["192.168.1.100"], 8080, "admin", "secret")
+
+
+@patch("esphome.web_server_logs.run_logs")
+@patch("esphome.mqtt.show_logs")
+def test_show_logs_mqtt_preferred_over_web_server(
+    mock_mqtt_show_logs: Mock,
+    mock_run_logs: Mock,
+) -> None:
+    """With both MQTT logging and web_server, MQTT wins (API > MQTT > web_server)."""
+    setup_core(
+        config={
+            "logger": {},
+            "mqtt": {CONF_BROKER: "mqtt.local"},
+            CONF_WEB_SERVER: {CONF_PORT: 80},
+        },
+        platform=PLATFORM_ESP32,
+    )
+    mock_mqtt_show_logs.return_value = 0
+
+    args = MockArgs(
+        topic="esphome/logs", username="user", password="pass", client_id="client"
+    )
+    result = show_logs(CORE.config, args, ["192.168.1.100"])
+
+    assert result == 0
+    mock_mqtt_show_logs.assert_called_once()
+    mock_run_logs.assert_not_called()
+
+
 def test_show_logs_no_method_configured() -> None:
     """Test show_logs when no remote logging method is configured."""
     setup_core(
@@ -3260,9 +3538,6 @@ def test_get_port_type() -> None:
 
 def test_mqtt_reexports_discover_ip() -> None:
     """The old import path must keep working for external code."""
-    from esphome.components import mqtt
-    from esphome.const import CONF_DISCOVER_IP
-
     assert mqtt.CONF_DISCOVER_IP is CONF_DISCOVER_IP
 
 
@@ -3332,7 +3607,9 @@ def test_mqtt_get_ip() -> None:
         result = mqtt_get_ip(config, "user", "pass", "client-id")
 
         assert result == ["192.168.1.100", "192.168.1.101"]
-        mock_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(config, "user", "pass", "client-id")
+        mock_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(
+            config, "user", "pass", "client-id", stop_event=None
+        )
 
 
 def test_has_resolvable_address() -> None:
@@ -3713,6 +3990,37 @@ def test_resolve_network_devices_keeps_uncached_hosts(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     assert result == ["unknown.local", "192.168.1.50"]
 
 
+def test_split_network_devices_direct_only(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Direct addresses pass through deduped, with no MQTT flag."""
+    setup_core(tmp_path=tmp_path)
+
+    assert _split_network_devices(["192.168.1.50", "device.local", "192.168.1.50"]) == (
+        ["192.168.1.50", "device.local"],
+        False,
+    )
+
+
+def test_split_network_devices_mqtt_only(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """MQTT magic strings produce no direct addresses, only the flag."""
+    setup_core(tmp_path=tmp_path)
+
+    assert _split_network_devices(["MQTTIP", "MQTT"]) == ([], True)
+
+
+def test_split_network_devices_expands_cached_mdns_hosts(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Hostnames in ``CORE.address_cache`` are expanded like _resolve_network_devices."""
+    setup_core(tmp_path=tmp_path)
+    CORE.address_cache = AddressCache(
+        mdns_cache={
+            "device-abc123.local": ["10.0.0.1", "10.0.0.2"],
+        }
+    )
+
+    assert _split_network_devices(
+        ["device-abc123.local", "MQTTIP", "192.168.1.50", "device-abc123.local"]
+    ) == (["10.0.0.1", "10.0.0.2", "192.168.1.50"], True)
+
+
 def test_await_discovery_timeout_returns_empty(
     caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
 ) -> None:
@@ -4888,7 +5196,9 @@ def test_upload_program_ota_static_ip_with_mqttip(
     assert host == "192.168.1.100"
 
     # Verify MQTT was resolved
-    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(config, "user", "pass", "client")
+    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(
+        config, "user", "pass", "client", stop_event=None
+    )
 
     # Verify espota2.run_ota was called with both IPs
     expected_firmware = (
@@ -4900,6 +5210,7 @@ def test_upload_program_ota_static_ip_with_mqttip(
         None,
         expected_firmware,
         OTA_TYPE_UPDATE_APP,
+        None,
     )
 
 
@@ -4935,7 +5246,9 @@ def test_upload_program_ota_multiple_mqttip_resolves_once(
     assert host == "192.168.2.50"
 
     # Verify MQTT was only resolved once despite multiple MQTT magic strings
-    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(config, "user", "pass", "client")
+    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(
+        config, "user", "pass", "client", stop_event=None
+    )
 
     # Verify espota2.run_ota was called with all unique IPs
     expected_firmware = (
@@ -4947,6 +5260,7 @@ def test_upload_program_ota_multiple_mqttip_resolves_once(
         None,
         expected_firmware,
         OTA_TYPE_UPDATE_APP,
+        None,
     )
 
 
@@ -4982,7 +5296,9 @@ def test_upload_program_ota_mqttip_deduplication(
     assert host == "192.168.1.100"
 
     # Verify MQTT was resolved
-    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(config, "user", "pass", "client")
+    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(
+        config, "user", "pass", "client", stop_event=None
+    )
 
     # Verify espota2.run_ota was called with deduplicated IPs (only one instance of 192.168.1.100)
     # Note: Current implementation doesn't dedupe, so we'll get the IP twice
@@ -5002,7 +5318,9 @@ def test_show_logs_api_static_ip_with_mqttip(
 
     This tests the scenario where a device has manual_ip (static IP) configured
     and MQTT is also configured. The devices list contains both the static IP
-    and "MQTTIP" magic string.
+    and "MQTTIP" magic string. The MQTT lookup must not block startup; it is
+    handed to run_logs as a deferred resolver instead (issue #18311), while
+    still being reachable as a fallback for a stale static IP.
     """
     setup_core(
         config={
@@ -5023,12 +5341,19 @@ def test_show_logs_api_static_ip_with_mqttip(
 
     assert result == 0
 
-    # Verify MQTT was resolved
-    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(CORE.config, "user", "pass", "client")
+    # The broker must not be contacted before run_logs starts
+    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_not_called()
 
-    # Verify run_logs was called with both IPs
-    mock_run_logs.assert_called_once_with(
-        CORE.config, ["192.168.1.100", "192.168.2.50"], subscribe_states=True
+    # run_logs gets the static IP immediately plus a deferred MQTT resolver
+    mock_run_logs.assert_called_once()
+    assert mock_run_logs.call_args.args == (CORE.config, ["192.168.1.100"])
+    assert mock_run_logs.call_args.kwargs["subscribe_states"] is True
+    resolver = mock_run_logs.call_args.kwargs["mqtt_resolver"]
+
+    # Invoking the resolver performs the MQTT lookup (the #11260 fallback)
+    assert resolver(None) == ["192.168.2.50"]
+    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(
+        CORE.config, "user", "pass", "client", stop_event=None
     )
 
 
@@ -5037,7 +5362,7 @@ def test_show_logs_api_multiple_mqttip_resolves_once(
     mock_run_logs: Mock,
     mock_mqtt_get_ip: Mock,
 ) -> None:
-    """Test that MQTT resolution only happens once for show_logs with multiple MQTT magic strings."""
+    """Test that multiple MQTT magic strings collapse into one deferred resolver."""
     setup_core(
         config={
             "logger": {},
@@ -5057,16 +5382,16 @@ def test_show_logs_api_multiple_mqttip_resolves_once(
 
     assert result == 0
 
-    # Verify MQTT was only resolved once despite multiple MQTT magic strings
-    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(CORE.config, "user", "pass", "client")
+    # Note: "MQTT" is a different magic string from "MQTTIP", but both defer
+    # to the same single resolver; the broker is not contacted eagerly
+    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_not_called()
+    mock_run_logs.assert_called_once()
+    assert mock_run_logs.call_args.args == (CORE.config, ["192.168.1.100"])
 
-    # Verify run_logs was called with all unique IPs (MQTT strings replaced with IPs)
-    # Note: "MQTT" is a different magic string from "MQTTIP", but both trigger MQTT resolution
-    # The _resolve_network_devices helper filters out both after first resolution
-    mock_run_logs.assert_called_once_with(
-        CORE.config,
-        ["192.168.2.50", "192.168.2.51", "192.168.1.100"],
-        subscribe_states=True,
+    resolver = mock_run_logs.call_args.kwargs["mqtt_resolver"]
+    assert resolver(None) == ["192.168.2.50", "192.168.2.51"]
+    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(
+        CORE.config, "user", "pass", "client", stop_event=None
     )
 
 
@@ -5104,14 +5429,16 @@ def test_upload_program_ota_mqtt_timeout_fallback(
     assert host == "192.168.1.100"
 
     # Verify MQTT was attempted
-    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(config, "user", "pass", "client")
+    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(
+        config, "user", "pass", "client", stop_event=None
+    )
 
     # Verify espota2.run_ota was called with only the static IP (MQTT failed)
     expected_firmware = (
         tmp_path / ".esphome" / "build" / "test" / ".pioenvs" / "test" / "firmware.bin"
     )
     mock_run_ota.assert_called_once_with(
-        ["192.168.1.100"], 3232, None, expected_firmware, OTA_TYPE_UPDATE_APP
+        ["192.168.1.100"], 3232, None, expected_firmware, OTA_TYPE_UPDATE_APP, None
     )
 
 
@@ -5120,7 +5447,7 @@ def test_show_logs_api_mqtt_timeout_fallback(
     mock_run_logs: Mock,
     mock_mqtt_get_ip: Mock,
 ) -> None:
-    """Test show_logs falls back to other devices when MQTT times out."""
+    """Test show_logs proceeds with the static IP when MQTT times out."""
     setup_core(
         config={
             "logger": {},
@@ -5139,15 +5466,17 @@ def test_show_logs_api_mqtt_timeout_fallback(
 
     result = show_logs(CORE.config, args, devices)
 
-    # Should succeed using the static IP even though MQTT failed
+    # Logs start on the static IP without waiting for the broker
     assert result == 0
+    mock_run_logs.assert_called_once()
+    assert mock_run_logs.call_args.args == (CORE.config, ["192.168.1.100"])
 
-    # Verify MQTT was attempted
-    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(CORE.config, "user", "pass", "client")
-
-    # Verify run_logs was called with only the static IP (MQTT failed)
-    mock_run_logs.assert_called_once_with(
-        CORE.config, ["192.168.1.100"], subscribe_states=True
+    # The deferred resolver owns the failure policy: it logs a warning and
+    # returns no addresses so the session keeps running on the known ones
+    resolver = mock_run_logs.call_args.kwargs["mqtt_resolver"]
+    assert resolver(None) == []
+    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(
+        CORE.config, "user", "pass", "client", stop_event=None
     )
 
 
@@ -5677,8 +6006,6 @@ class MockSerial:
             chunk = self.chunks[self.chunk_index]
             if chunk is MOCK_SERIAL_END:
                 # Sentinel means we're done - simulate port closed
-                import serial
-
                 raise serial.SerialException("Port closed")
             # Respect the requested size and keep any remaining bytes
             if size <= 0:
@@ -5692,8 +6019,6 @@ class MockSerial:
                 # Entire chunk consumed; advance to the next one
                 self.chunk_index += 1
             return data  # type: ignore[return-value]
-        import serial
-
         raise serial.SerialException("Port closed")
 
 
@@ -6552,8 +6877,6 @@ def test_parse_args_argcomplete_only_runs_when_completing() -> None:
 
 def test_should_subscribe_states_default() -> None:
     """Test that states are shown by default when nothing is set."""
-    from esphome.__main__ import _should_subscribe_states
-
     args = parse_args(["esphome", "logs", "device.yaml"])
     with patch.dict(os.environ, {}, clear=False):
         os.environ.pop("ESPHOME_LOG_STATES", None)
@@ -6562,8 +6885,6 @@ def test_should_subscribe_states_default() -> None:
 
 def test_should_subscribe_states_env_suppresses() -> None:
     """Test that ESPHOME_LOG_STATES=false suppresses states by default."""
-    from esphome.__main__ import _should_subscribe_states
-
     args = parse_args(["esphome", "logs", "device.yaml"])
     with patch.dict(os.environ, {"ESPHOME_LOG_STATES": "false"}):
         assert _should_subscribe_states(args) is False
@@ -6571,8 +6892,6 @@ def test_should_subscribe_states_env_suppresses() -> None:
 
 def test_should_subscribe_states_env_enables() -> None:
     """Test that ESPHOME_LOG_STATES=true enables states by default."""
-    from esphome.__main__ import _should_subscribe_states
-
     args = parse_args(["esphome", "logs", "device.yaml"])
     with patch.dict(os.environ, {"ESPHOME_LOG_STATES": "true"}):
         assert _should_subscribe_states(args) is True
@@ -6580,8 +6899,6 @@ def test_should_subscribe_states_env_enables() -> None:
 
 def test_should_subscribe_states_flag_overrides_env() -> None:
     """Test that --states overrides ESPHOME_LOG_STATES=false."""
-    from esphome.__main__ import _should_subscribe_states
-
     args = parse_args(["esphome", "logs", "--states", "device.yaml"])
     with patch.dict(os.environ, {"ESPHOME_LOG_STATES": "false"}):
         assert _should_subscribe_states(args) is True
@@ -6589,8 +6906,6 @@ def test_should_subscribe_states_flag_overrides_env() -> None:
 
 def test_should_subscribe_states_no_flag_overrides_env() -> None:
     """Test that --no-states overrides ESPHOME_LOG_STATES=true."""
-    from esphome.__main__ import _should_subscribe_states
-
     args = parse_args(["esphome", "logs", "--no-states", "device.yaml"])
     with patch.dict(os.environ, {"ESPHOME_LOG_STATES": "true"}):
         assert _should_subscribe_states(args) is False
@@ -6630,7 +6945,7 @@ def test_command_run_passes_no_states_to_show_logs(
 
     assert result == 0
     mock_run_logs.assert_called_once_with(
-        CORE.config, ["192.168.1.100"], subscribe_states=False
+        CORE.config, ["192.168.1.100"], subscribe_states=False, mqtt_resolver=None
     )
 
 
@@ -6671,7 +6986,7 @@ def test_command_run_defaults_subscribe_states_true(
 
     assert result == 0
     mock_run_logs.assert_called_once_with(
-        CORE.config, ["192.168.1.100"], subscribe_states=True
+        CORE.config, ["192.168.1.100"], subscribe_states=True, mqtt_resolver=None
     )
 
 
@@ -6760,3 +7075,332 @@ def test_check_permissions_unreadable_port() -> None:
         pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="read or write permission"),
     ):
         check_permissions("/dev/ttyUSB99")
+
+
+def _make_checkout(root: Path) -> Path:
+    """Create a directory that looks like an esphome checkout."""
+    (root / "esphome").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (root / "esphome" / "__main__.py").write_text("", encoding="utf-8")
+    return root
+
+
+def test_warn_source_tree_mismatch_warns_for_other_tree(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """Standing in a checkout other than the one being run warns."""
+    standing_in = _make_checkout(tmp_path / "worktree")
+    running = _make_checkout(tmp_path / "main")
+    monkeypatch.chdir(standing_in)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(main, "__file__", str(running / "esphome" / "__main__.py"))
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        main._warn_if_source_tree_mismatch()
+
+    assert "worktree" in caplog.text
+    assert "main" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_warn_source_tree_mismatch_silent_in_same_tree(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """Standing in the tree that is running is the normal case and is silent."""
+    tree = _make_checkout(tmp_path / "main")
+    monkeypatch.chdir(tree)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(main, "__file__", str(tree / "esphome" / "__main__.py"))
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        main._warn_if_source_tree_mismatch()
+
+    assert not caplog.text
+
+
+def test_warn_source_tree_mismatch_silent_outside_checkout(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """An ordinary install run from a config directory never warns."""
+    running = _make_checkout(tmp_path / "main")
+    config_dir = tmp_path / "configs"
+    config_dir.mkdir()
+    monkeypatch.chdir(config_dir)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(main, "__file__", str(running / "esphome" / "__main__.py"))
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        main._warn_if_source_tree_mismatch()
+
+    assert not caplog.text
+
+
+def test_warn_source_tree_mismatch_silent_in_subdirectory(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A subdirectory of the running tree resolves to that tree, so no warning."""
+    tree = _make_checkout(tmp_path / "main")
+    subdir = tree / "esphome" / "components"
+    subdir.mkdir(parents=True)
+    monkeypatch.chdir(subdir)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(main, "__file__", str(tree / "esphome" / "__main__.py"))
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        main._warn_if_source_tree_mismatch()
+
+    assert not caplog.text
+
+
+def test_warn_source_tree_mismatch_warns_when_stat_fails_on_other_tree(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """The samefile() fallback must still warn when the trees really differ."""
+    standing_in = _make_checkout(tmp_path / "worktree")
+    running = _make_checkout(tmp_path / "main")
+    monkeypatch.chdir(standing_in)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(main, "__file__", str(running / "esphome" / "__main__.py"))
+
+    def raise_oserror(self: Path, other: Path) -> bool:
+        raise OSError("stat failed")
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(Path, "samefile", raise_oserror)
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        main._warn_if_source_tree_mismatch()
+
+    assert "worktree" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_warn_source_tree_mismatch_silent_when_cwd_is_gone(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A deleted working directory must not turn the diagnostic into a traceback."""
+    running = _make_checkout(tmp_path / "main")
+    monkeypatch.setattr(main, "__file__", str(running / "esphome" / "__main__.py"))
+
+    def raise_filenotfound() -> Path:
+        raise FileNotFoundError("cwd is gone")
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(Path, "cwd", staticmethod(raise_filenotfound))
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        main._warn_if_source_tree_mismatch()
+
+    assert not caplog.text
+
+
+def test_warn_source_tree_mismatch_falls_back_when_stat_fails(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """If samefile() cannot stat, fall back to comparing the paths."""
+    tree = _make_checkout(tmp_path / "main")
+    monkeypatch.chdir(tree)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(main, "__file__", str(tree / "esphome" / "__main__.py"))
+
+    def raise_oserror(self: Path, other: Path) -> bool:
+        raise OSError("stat failed")
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(Path, "samefile", raise_oserror)
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        main._warn_if_source_tree_mismatch()
+
+    # Same tree, so the path comparison still finds them equal and stays silent
+    assert not caplog.text
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "error",
+    [
+        FileNotFoundError("no such compiler"),
+        RuntimeError("Could not query builtin include dirs"),
+        ValueError("no C++ translation unit found"),
+        KeyError("command"),
+        None,  # replaced with EsphomeError inside
+    ],
+)
+def test_compile_program_espidf_idedata_failure_does_not_fail_build(
+    error: Exception,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A post-compile idedata error is a warning: the firmware already built."""
+    if error is None:
+        error = EsphomeError("compile database is unusable")
+    CORE.toolchain = Toolchain.ESP_IDF
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {
+        KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: "esp32",
+        KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK: "esp-idf",
+    }
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.espidf.toolchain.run_compile", return_value=0),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.toolchain.create_factory_bin"),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.toolchain.create_ota_bin"),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.toolchain.create_elf_copy"),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.toolchain.get_idedata", side_effect=error),
+        patch("esphome.__main__._check_and_emit_build_info"),
+    ):
+        assert compile_program(MagicMock(), {}) == 0
+    assert "Could not generate idedata" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_compile_program_espidf_idedata_success_is_silent(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """The healthy path: idedata generated, nothing to warn about."""
+    CORE.toolchain = Toolchain.ESP_IDF
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {
+        KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: "esp32",
+        KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK: "esp-idf",
+    }
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.espidf.toolchain.run_compile", return_value=0),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.toolchain.create_factory_bin"),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.toolchain.create_ota_bin"),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.toolchain.create_elf_copy"),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.toolchain.get_idedata", return_value={"cc_path": "x"}),
+        patch("esphome.__main__._check_and_emit_build_info"),
+    ):
+        assert compile_program(MagicMock(), {}) == 0
+    assert "idedata" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_compile_program_espidf_idedata_none_warns(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A silent None from the post-compile idedata refresh is made visible."""
+    CORE.toolchain = Toolchain.ESP_IDF
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {
+        KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: "esp32",
+        KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK: "esp-idf",
+    }
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.espidf.toolchain.run_compile", return_value=0),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.toolchain.create_factory_bin"),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.toolchain.create_ota_bin"),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.toolchain.create_elf_copy"),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.toolchain.get_idedata", return_value=None),
+        patch("esphome.__main__._check_and_emit_build_info"),
+    ):
+        assert compile_program(MagicMock(), {}) == 0
+    assert "No idedata was generated" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_cli_toolchain_skips_the_validated_config_cache(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """An explicit --toolchain must run the per-platform validators, so the
+    upload/logs fast path becomes a cache miss."""
+    conf = tmp_path / "device.yaml"
+    conf.write_text("esphome:\n  name: t\n")
+    argv = ["esphome", "--toolchain", "arduino", "logs", str(conf)]
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.compiled_config.load_compiled_config") as mock_cache,
+        patch("esphome.config.read_config", return_value=None) as mock_read,
+    ):
+        assert run_esphome(argv) == 2
+    mock_cache.assert_not_called()
+    mock_read.assert_called_once()
+
+
+def test_cli_toolchain_still_refreshes_the_validated_config_cache(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """An explicit --toolchain gates only the cache read; with a matching
+    sidecar the freshly validated config is still saved."""
+    conf = tmp_path / "device.yaml"
+    conf.write_text("esphome:\n  name: t\n")
+    argv = ["esphome", "--toolchain", "platformio", "logs", str(conf)]
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.compiled_config.load_compiled_config") as mock_load,
+        patch("esphome.config.read_config", return_value={CONF_ESPHOME: {}}),
+        patch("esphome.compiled_config.save_compiled_config_and_sidecar") as mock_save,
+        patch.dict(
+            "esphome.__main__.POST_CONFIG_ACTIONS", {"logs": Mock(return_value=0)}
+        ),
+    ):
+        assert run_esphome(argv) == 0
+    mock_load.assert_not_called()
+    mock_save.assert_called_once()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_wrap_to_code_comment_is_insertion_order_independent() -> None:
+    """The config comment dumps with sorted keys: voluptuous fills schema
+    defaults in set-iteration order, so an unsorted dump would churn
+    main.cpp and relink the firmware on every run."""
+    comments: list[str] = []
+
+    async def to_code(conf: ConfigType) -> None:
+        """Accept any config; only the wrapper's comment output matters."""
+
+    comp = SimpleNamespace(to_code=to_code, config_schema=object())
+    wrapped = _wrap_to_code("demo", comp, yaml_util)
+    with patch("esphome.codegen.add", side_effect=lambda st: comments.append(str(st))):
+        # Nested on purpose: the real churn lives in nested action configs,
+        # so sorting must apply at every mapping level
+        await wrapped({"beta": 1, "alpha": {"z": 1, "a": 2}})
+        first = "\n".join(comments)
+        comments.clear()
+        await wrapped({"alpha": {"a": 2, "z": 1}, "beta": 1})
+    second = "\n".join(comments)
+    assert first == second
+    assert second.index("alpha") < second.index("beta")
+    assert second.index("a: 2") < second.index("z: 1")
+
+
+def test_host_program_path_platformio_toolchain() -> None:
+    """Host + PlatformIO toolchain reads the memoized idedata path."""
+    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_HOST)
+    idedata = SimpleNamespace(firmware_elf_path="/build/x/.pioenvs/x/program")
+    with patch(
+        "esphome.platformio.toolchain.get_idedata", return_value=idedata
+    ) as mock_get:
+        assert main._host_program_path({}) == "/build/x/.pioenvs/x/program"
+    mock_get.assert_called_once_with({})
+
+
+def test_host_program_path_esp_idf_toolchain() -> None:
+    """Host + native ESP-IDF toolchain asks the espidf toolchain for the ELF."""
+    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_HOST)
+    CORE.toolchain = Toolchain.ESP_IDF
+    with patch(
+        "esphome.espidf.toolchain.get_elf_path", return_value=Path("/b/app.elf")
+    ):
+        assert main._host_program_path({}) == str(Path("/b/app.elf"))
+
+
+def test_command_compile_host_logs_program_path(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """command_compile on host logs the compiled program path."""
+    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_HOST)
+    with (
+        patch.object(main, "write_cpp", return_value=0),
+        patch.object(main, "compile_program", return_value=0),
+        patch.object(main, "_host_program_path", return_value="/b/program"),
+        caplog.at_level(logging.INFO),
+    ):
+        assert main.command_compile(SimpleNamespace(only_generate=False), {}) == 0
+    assert "Successfully compiled program to path '/b/program'" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_command_run_host_executes_program(caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture) -> None:
+    """command_run on host logs and executes the compiled program directly."""
+    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_HOST)
+    with (
+        patch.object(main, "write_cpp", return_value=0),
+        patch.object(main, "compile_program", return_value=0),
+        patch.object(main, "_host_program_path", return_value="/b/program"),
+        patch.object(main, "run_external_process", return_value=0) as mock_run,
+        caplog.at_level(logging.INFO),
+    ):
+        assert main.command_run(SimpleNamespace(), {}) == 0
+    mock_run.assert_called_with("/b/program")
+    assert "Running program from path '/b/program'" in caplog.text
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_mqtt.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_mqtt.py
index 4c2c34dff1..1ae10d0eb5 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_mqtt.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_mqtt.py
@@ -2,6 +2,11 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import json
+import threading
+import time
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+
 import pytest
 
 from esphome.const import CONF_BROKER, CONF_ESPHOME, CONF_MQTT, CONF_NAME
@@ -89,3 +94,260 @@ def test_get_esphome_device_ip_missing_name() -> None:
         match="Cannot discover IP via MQTT as the config does not include the device name:",
     ):
         get_esphome_device_ip(config)
+
+
+def _discovery_config() -> dict:
+    return {
+        CONF_MQTT: {
+            CONF_BROKER: "mqtt.local",
+        },
+        CONF_ESPHOME: {
+            CONF_NAME: "test-device",
+        },
+    }
+
+
+def _deliver_on_loop_start(mock_prepare, client, payload: bytes) -> None:
+    """Deliver a discovery answer as soon as the network loop starts."""
+
+    def deliver(*args, **kwargs):
+        msg = MagicMock()
+        msg.payload = payload
+        mock_prepare.call_args.args[2](client, None, msg)
+
+    client.loop_start.side_effect = deliver
+
+
+def test_get_esphome_device_ip_success() -> None:
+    """A device answer on the discovery topic returns its IPs."""
+    client = MagicMock()
+
+    with patch("esphome.mqtt.prepare", return_value=client) as mock_prepare:
+        _deliver_on_loop_start(
+            mock_prepare,
+            client,
+            json.dumps(
+                {"name": "test-device", "ip": "10.0.0.5", "ip1": "10.0.0.6"}
+            ).encode(),
+        )
+
+        result = get_esphome_device_ip(_discovery_config())
+
+    assert result == ["10.0.0.5", "10.0.0.6"]
+    client.loop_stop.assert_called_once_with()
+    # Once from on_message on receiving the answer, once from the finally
+    assert client.disconnect.call_count == 2
+
+
+def test_get_esphome_device_ip_preset_stop_event_skips_lookup() -> None:
+    """A stop event set before the call returns [] without touching the broker."""
+    stop_event = threading.Event()
+    stop_event.set()
+
+    with patch("esphome.mqtt.prepare") as mock_prepare:
+        result = get_esphome_device_ip(_discovery_config(), stop_event=stop_event)
+
+    assert result == []
+    mock_prepare.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_get_esphome_device_ip_stop_event_aborts_wait() -> None:
+    """A stop event set mid-wait exits quietly with no addresses."""
+    stop_event = threading.Event()
+    client = MagicMock()
+    # Simulate teardown starting right after the network loop spins up
+    client.loop_start.side_effect = stop_event.set
+
+    start = time.monotonic()
+    with patch("esphome.mqtt.prepare", return_value=client):
+        result = get_esphome_device_ip(_discovery_config(), stop_event=stop_event)
+
+    # An abort is not a failure and must be nowhere near the 25s timeout
+    assert result == []
+    assert time.monotonic() - start < 5
+    client.disconnect.assert_called_once_with()
+    client.loop_stop.assert_called_once_with()
+
+
+def test_get_esphome_device_ip_timeout_raises() -> None:
+    """No answer within the timeout raises EsphomeError (default stop event path)."""
+    client = MagicMock()
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.mqtt.prepare", return_value=client),
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="Failed to find IP via MQTT"),
+    ):
+        get_esphome_device_ip(_discovery_config(), timeout=0.25)
+
+    client.disconnect.assert_called_once_with()
+    client.loop_stop.assert_called_once_with()
+
+
+def test_get_esphome_device_ip_stop_during_connect_skips_wait() -> None:
+    """A stop event set while the broker connect is in flight still cleans up."""
+    stop_event = threading.Event()
+    client = MagicMock()
+
+    def prepare_and_stop(*args):
+        stop_event.set()
+        return client
+
+    with patch("esphome.mqtt.prepare", side_effect=prepare_and_stop):
+        result = get_esphome_device_ip(_discovery_config(), stop_event=stop_event)
+
+    assert result == []
+    client.loop_start.assert_not_called()
+    client.disconnect.assert_called_once_with()
+    client.loop_stop.assert_called_once_with()
+
+
+def test_get_esphome_device_ip_replaces_reconnect_handler(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """The one-shot discovery client must not inherit the reconnect-forever
+    handler, which would make loop_stop() join the network thread forever;
+    its replacement still reports a broker-initiated disconnect."""
+    client = MagicMock()
+    prepare_handler = MagicMock()
+    client.on_disconnect = prepare_handler
+
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.mqtt.prepare", return_value=client),
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="Failed to find IP via MQTT"),
+    ):
+        get_esphome_device_ip(_discovery_config(), timeout=0.25)
+
+    assert client.on_disconnect is not prepare_handler
+    client.on_disconnect(client, None, 0)
+    assert "Disconnected from MQTT broker" not in caplog.text
+    client.on_disconnect(client, None, 5)
+    assert "Disconnected from MQTT broker (5)" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_get_esphome_device_ip_answer_without_ip_fails_fast(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A device answer with no IP fields fails promptly, not at the timeout."""
+    client = MagicMock()
+
+    with patch("esphome.mqtt.prepare", return_value=client) as mock_prepare:
+        _deliver_on_loop_start(
+            mock_prepare, client, json.dumps({"name": "test-device"}).encode()
+        )
+
+        start = time.monotonic()
+        with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="Failed to find IP via MQTT"):
+            get_esphome_device_ip(_discovery_config(), timeout=5)
+
+    assert time.monotonic() - start < 1
+    assert "Device answer did not include an IP address" in caplog.text
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("payload", [b"not json {", b"123", b"null"])
+def test_get_esphome_device_ip_unparsable_payload_ignored(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+    payload: bytes,
+) -> None:
+    """Garbage on the discovery topic must not kill paho's network thread."""
+    client = MagicMock()
+
+    with patch("esphome.mqtt.prepare", return_value=client) as mock_prepare:
+        _deliver_on_loop_start(mock_prepare, client, payload)
+
+        with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="Failed to find IP via MQTT"):
+            get_esphome_device_ip(_discovery_config(), timeout=0)
+
+    assert "Ignoring unparsable discovery payload" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_get_esphome_device_ip_broker_disconnect_fails_fast(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A broker-initiated disconnect aborts the wait instead of timing out."""
+    client = MagicMock()
+
+    with patch("esphome.mqtt.prepare", return_value=client):
+
+        def drop_connection(*args, **kwargs):
+            client.on_disconnect(client, None, 5)
+
+        client.loop_start.side_effect = drop_connection
+
+        start = time.monotonic()
+        with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="Failed to find IP via MQTT"):
+            get_esphome_device_ip(_discovery_config(), timeout=5)
+
+    assert time.monotonic() - start < 1
+    assert "Disconnected from MQTT broker (5)" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_get_esphome_device_ip_sends_discovery_ping() -> None:
+    """Connecting publishes the discovery ping for the device."""
+    client = MagicMock()
+
+    with patch("esphome.mqtt.prepare", return_value=client) as mock_prepare:
+
+        def connect_then_answer(*args, **kwargs):
+            on_connect = mock_prepare.call_args.args[3]
+            on_connect(client, None, None, 0)
+            msg = MagicMock()
+            msg.payload = json.dumps({"name": "test-device", "ip": "10.0.0.5"}).encode()
+            mock_prepare.call_args.args[2](client, None, msg)
+
+        client.loop_start.side_effect = connect_then_answer
+
+        result = get_esphome_device_ip(_discovery_config())
+
+    assert result == ["10.0.0.5"]
+    client.publish.assert_called_once_with(
+        "esphome/ping/test-device", None, retain=False
+    )
+
+
+def test_get_esphome_device_ip_disconnect_error_does_not_mask_result(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A cleanup failure must not replace the discovery result."""
+    client = MagicMock()
+    # First disconnect (from on_message) succeeds; the finally's fails
+    client.disconnect.side_effect = [None, OSError("socket already closed")]
+
+    with patch("esphome.mqtt.prepare", return_value=client) as mock_prepare:
+        _deliver_on_loop_start(
+            mock_prepare,
+            client,
+            json.dumps({"name": "test-device", "ip": "10.0.0.5"}).encode(),
+        )
+
+        result = get_esphome_device_ip(_discovery_config())
+
+    assert result == ["10.0.0.5"]
+    client.loop_stop.assert_called_once_with()
+
+
+def test_get_esphome_device_ip_invalid_address_values_skipped(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """Non-string or non-printable ip values are skipped, valid ones kept."""
+    client = MagicMock()
+
+    with patch("esphome.mqtt.prepare", return_value=client) as mock_prepare:
+        _deliver_on_loop_start(
+            mock_prepare,
+            client,
+            json.dumps(
+                {
+                    "name": "test-device",
+                    "ip": 1234,
+                    "ip1": "x\n[00:00:00][I][forged] fake line",
+                    "ip2": "  10.0.0.5  ",
+                }
+            ).encode(),
+        )
+
+        result = get_esphome_device_ip(_discovery_config())
+
+    assert result == ["10.0.0.5"]
+    assert caplog.text.count("Ignoring invalid address in discovery answer") == 2
+    assert "forged" not in "".join(
+        r.getMessage() for r in caplog.records if "Found IP" in r.getMessage()
+    )
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_net_retry.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_net_retry.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6c2a1ee05f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_net_retry.py
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+"""Tests for esphome.net_retry."""
+
+import socket
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, call, patch
+
+import pytest
+import requests as req
+
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError
+from esphome.net_retry import (
+    fetch_with_retry,
+    http_request,
+    is_transient_download_error,
+)
+
+
+def _http_error(status: int) -> req.HTTPError:
+    """An HTTPError carrying a response with the given status, as raised by
+    ``raise_for_status`` on a real response."""
+    resp = MagicMock()
+    resp.status_code = status
+    return req.HTTPError(str(status), response=resp)
+
+
+class TestIsTransientDownloadError:
+    def test_connection_errors_are_transient(self) -> None:
+        assert is_transient_download_error(req.ConnectionError("reset"))
+        assert is_transient_download_error(req.Timeout("timed out"))
+        assert is_transient_download_error(
+            req.exceptions.ChunkedEncodingError("dropped")
+        )
+        assert is_transient_download_error(
+            req.exceptions.ContentDecodingError("gzip stream truncated")
+        )
+
+    def test_http_statuses(self) -> None:
+        assert not is_transient_download_error(_http_error(404))
+        assert not is_transient_download_error(_http_error(403))
+        assert is_transient_download_error(_http_error(429))
+        assert is_transient_download_error(_http_error(503))
+
+    def test_http_error_without_response_is_permanent(self) -> None:
+        assert not is_transient_download_error(req.HTTPError("boom"))
+
+    def test_hard_dns_failures_are_permanent(self) -> None:
+        """Hard resolution failures are permanent via both the cause chain
+        and MaxRetryError.reason."""
+        from urllib3.exceptions import MaxRetryError, NameResolutionError
+
+        gai = socket.gaierror(socket.EAI_NONAME, "nodename nor servname provided")
+
+        chained = req.ConnectionError("resolution failed")
+        chained.__cause__ = gai
+        assert not is_transient_download_error(chained)
+
+        # The real urllib3 shape: gaierror on NameResolutionError.__cause__,
+        # carried by MaxRetryError.reason.
+        try:
+            raise NameResolutionError("example.invalid", None, gai) from gai
+        except NameResolutionError as nre:
+            wrapped = req.ConnectionError(
+                MaxRetryError(None, "http://example.invalid/", reason=nre)
+            )
+        assert not is_transient_download_error(wrapped)
+
+        # A garden-variety connection reset stays transient.
+        assert is_transient_download_error(req.ConnectionError("reset by peer"))
+
+    def test_temporary_dns_failure_stays_transient(self) -> None:
+        """EAI_AGAIN (flaky resolver) stays retryable."""
+        gai = socket.gaierror(socket.EAI_AGAIN, "temporary failure in name resolution")
+        chained = req.ConnectionError("resolution failed")
+        chained.__cause__ = gai
+
+        assert is_transient_download_error(chained)
+
+    def test_implicit_context_does_not_reclassify(self) -> None:
+        """A gaierror riding along as implicit __context__ must not turn a
+        genuine connection reset permanent."""
+        try:
+            try:
+                raise socket.gaierror(socket.EAI_NONAME, "first attempt")
+            except socket.gaierror:
+                raise req.ConnectionError("reset by peer") from None
+        except req.ConnectionError as reset:
+            assert reset.__context__ is not None
+            assert is_transient_download_error(reset)
+
+    def test_gaierror_without_errno_stays_transient(self) -> None:
+        """A gaierror carrying no EAI code cannot prove a hard failure."""
+        chained = req.ConnectionError("resolution failed")
+        chained.__cause__ = socket.gaierror("no errno")
+
+        assert is_transient_download_error(chained)
+
+    def test_mixed_chain_hard_failure_wins(self) -> None:
+        """EAI_AGAIN in the chain does not mask a hard failure elsewhere."""
+        again = socket.gaierror(socket.EAI_AGAIN, "temporary failure")
+        hard = socket.gaierror(socket.EAI_NONAME, "unknown host")
+
+        outer = req.ConnectionError(hard)
+        outer.__cause__ = again
+        assert not is_transient_download_error(outer)
+
+        outer = req.ConnectionError(again)
+        outer.__cause__ = hard
+        assert not is_transient_download_error(outer)
+
+    def test_dns_walk_survives_exception_cycles(self) -> None:
+        """A cyclic cause chain must terminate (and stay transient when no
+        resolution failure is present)."""
+        outer = req.ConnectionError("a")
+        inner = ValueError("b")
+        outer.__cause__ = inner
+        inner.__cause__ = outer
+
+        assert is_transient_download_error(outer)
+
+    def test_exhausted_resume_attempts_are_permanent(self) -> None:
+        """download_with_resume already spent its own resume attempts; its
+        EsphomeError wrapper is not retried again at the sweep level."""
+        wrapped = EsphomeError("Failed to download after 3 attempts")
+        wrapped.__cause__ = req.ConnectionError("down")
+        assert not is_transient_download_error(wrapped)
+
+    def test_unrelated_errors_are_permanent(self) -> None:
+        assert not is_transient_download_error(OSError("disk full"))
+        assert not is_transient_download_error(EsphomeError("size mismatch"))
+
+
+class TestFetchWithRetry:
+    def test_logs_the_upcoming_attempt_number(
+        self, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+    ) -> None:
+        """The warning names the attempt about to run, not the failed one."""
+        with (
+            patch("esphome.net_retry.time.sleep") as mock_sleep,
+            pytest.raises(req.ConnectionError),
+        ):
+            fetch_with_retry(
+                "https://example.com/f",
+                lambda: (_ for _ in ()).throw(req.ConnectionError("reset")),
+            )
+
+        assert mock_sleep.call_args_list == [call(2), call(4)]
+        assert "(attempt 2/3)" in caplog.text
+        assert "(attempt 3/3)" in caplog.text
+
+
+class TestHttpRequest:
+    def test_applies_happy_eyeballs_and_forwards_arguments(self) -> None:
+        with (
+            patch("esphome.net_retry.ensure_happy_eyeballs") as mock_he,
+            patch("requests.get", return_value=MagicMock()) as mock_get,
+        ):
+            resp = http_request(
+                "GET",
+                "https://example.com/f",
+                timeout=30,
+                stream=True,
+                headers={"Range": "bytes=4-"},
+            )
+        mock_he.assert_called_once_with()
+        assert resp is mock_get.return_value
+        assert mock_get.call_args == call(
+            "https://example.com/f",
+            timeout=30,
+            stream=True,
+            headers={"Range": "bytes=4-"},
+            allow_redirects=True,
+        )
+
+    def test_dispatches_head_through_requests_head(self) -> None:
+        """Dispatch goes through requests.get/head so tests patching those
+        entry points keep working."""
+        with patch("requests.head", return_value=MagicMock()) as mock_head:
+            http_request("HEAD", "https://example.com/f", timeout=(5, 30))
+        assert mock_head.call_args[1]["timeout"] == (5, 30)
+
+    def test_no_status_handling(self) -> None:
+        """Error statuses are the caller's problem; nothing raises here."""
+        resp = MagicMock(status_code=404)
+        with patch("requests.get", return_value=resp):
+            assert http_request("GET", "https://example.com/f", timeout=1) is resp
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_nrf52_framework.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_nrf52_framework.py
index 0a6bddc280..b78a94a2e7 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_nrf52_framework.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_nrf52_framework.py
@@ -7,8 +7,10 @@ import sys
 from types import SimpleNamespace
 from unittest.mock import patch
 
+import platformdirs
 import pytest
 
+from esphome.components.nrf52 import _resolve_toolchain
 from esphome.components.nrf52.framework import (
     _PLATFORMIO_PENV_REQUIREMENTS,
     _REQUIREMENTS,
@@ -16,13 +18,15 @@ from esphome.components.nrf52.framework import (
     _get_penv_site_packages,
     _get_platformio_penv_path,
     _get_toolchain_platform_info,
+    _needs_venv_rebuild,
     check_and_install,
     get_build_env,
     get_sdk_nrf_tools_path,
     setup_platformio_python_env,
 )
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.config_validation import Version
-from esphome.const import KEY_CORE, KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION
+from esphome.const import KEY_CORE, KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION, Toolchain
 from esphome.core import CORE, EsphomeError
 from esphome.framework_helpers import get_python_env_executable_path
 
@@ -103,11 +107,13 @@ def mock_nrf52_ops():
         patch(
             "esphome.components.nrf52.framework.run_command_ok", return_value=True
         ) as mock_run_cmd,
+        # download_and_extract resolves its internals in framework_helpers,
+        # so the download/extract seams are patched there.
         patch(
-            "esphome.components.nrf52.framework.download_from_mirrors",
+            "esphome.framework_helpers.download_from_mirrors",
             return_value="https://example.com/tc.tar.xz",
         ) as mock_download,
-        patch("esphome.components.nrf52.framework.archive_extract_all") as mock_extract,
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers.archive_extract_all") as mock_extract,
     ):
         yield SimpleNamespace(
             rmdir=mock_rmdir,
@@ -123,10 +129,19 @@ def mock_nrf52_ops():
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
+def _touch_penv_python(penv: Path) -> None:
+    """Create the interpreter file so the rebuild gate sees a live venv."""
+    python = get_python_env_executable_path(penv, "python")
+    python.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    python.touch()
+
+
 def _mark_venv_ready(python_env: Path) -> None:
-    """Write the venv sentinel with the current requirements hash."""
+    """Write the venv sentinel with the current requirements hash and a
+    present interpreter so the rebuild gate passes."""
     requirements_hash = hashlib.sha256(_REQUIREMENTS.read_bytes()).hexdigest()
     (python_env / ".ready").write_text(requirements_hash, encoding="utf-8")
+    _touch_penv_python(python_env)
 
 
 class TestCheckAndInstall:
@@ -148,6 +163,23 @@ class TestCheckAndInstall:
         mock_nrf52_ops.download_from_mirrors.assert_not_called()
         mock_nrf52_ops.archive_extract_all.assert_not_called()
 
+    def test_missing_interpreter_rebuilds_venv(
+        self,
+        nrf52_dirs: SimpleNamespace,
+        mock_nrf52_ops: SimpleNamespace,
+    ) -> None:
+        """A valid sentinel must not mask a missing interpreter (a cached venv
+        restored after a host interpreter upgrade)."""
+        requirements_hash = hashlib.sha256(_REQUIREMENTS.read_bytes()).hexdigest()
+        (nrf52_dirs.python_env / ".ready").write_text(
+            requirements_hash, encoding="utf-8"
+        )
+        # no interpreter on disk
+
+        check_and_install()
+
+        mock_nrf52_ops.create_venv.assert_called_once()
+
     def test_fresh_install_runs_all_steps(
         self,
         nrf52_dirs: SimpleNamespace,
@@ -348,6 +380,7 @@ class TestSetupPlatformioPythonEnv:
         (platformio_penv_dir / ".ready").write_text(
             _platformio_requirements_hash(), encoding="utf-8"
         )
+        _touch_penv_python(platformio_penv_dir)
 
         with patch.dict(os.environ):
             setup_platformio_python_env()
@@ -392,6 +425,22 @@ class TestSetupPlatformioPythonEnv:
 
         assert not (platformio_penv_dir / ".ready").exists()
 
+    def test_missing_interpreter_reinstalls(
+        self,
+        platformio_penv_dir: Path,
+        mock_nrf52_ops: SimpleNamespace,
+    ) -> None:
+        """A valid sentinel must not mask a missing interpreter."""
+        (platformio_penv_dir / ".ready").write_text(
+            _platformio_requirements_hash(), encoding="utf-8"
+        )
+        # no interpreter on disk
+
+        with patch.dict(os.environ):
+            setup_platformio_python_env()
+
+        mock_nrf52_ops.create_venv.assert_called_once()
+
     def test_repeated_calls_do_not_duplicate_env_entries(
         self,
         platformio_penv_dir: Path,
@@ -401,6 +450,7 @@ class TestSetupPlatformioPythonEnv:
         (platformio_penv_dir / ".ready").write_text(
             _platformio_requirements_hash(), encoding="utf-8"
         )
+        _touch_penv_python(platformio_penv_dir)
         site_packages = str(_get_penv_site_packages(platformio_penv_dir))
         bin_dir = str(
             get_python_env_executable_path(platformio_penv_dir, "python").parent
@@ -422,6 +472,7 @@ class TestSetupPlatformioPythonEnv:
         (platformio_penv_dir / ".ready").write_text(
             _platformio_requirements_hash(), encoding="utf-8"
         )
+        _touch_penv_python(platformio_penv_dir)
         site_packages = str(_get_penv_site_packages(platformio_penv_dir))
 
         with patch.dict(os.environ, {"PYTHONPATH": "/existing/path"}):
@@ -512,7 +563,6 @@ def testget_tools_path_blank_env_falls_back_to_default(
     Path("") would resolve to the working directory, which clean-all could
     then delete by accident.
     """
-    import platformdirs
 
     monkeypatch.setenv("ESPHOME_SDK_NRF_PREFIX", value)
     expected = (
@@ -524,10 +574,59 @@ def testget_tools_path_blank_env_falls_back_to_default(
 def testget_tools_path_default_is_global_cache(
     monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
 ) -> None:
-    import platformdirs
 
     monkeypatch.delenv("ESPHOME_SDK_NRF_PREFIX", raising=False)
     expected = (
         Path(platformdirs.user_cache_dir("esphome", appauthor=False)) / "sdk-nrf"
     ).resolve()
     assert get_sdk_nrf_tools_path() == expected
+
+
+def test_needs_venv_rebuild_gates(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """The shared penv gate rebuilds on any missing or stale piece."""
+    penv = tmp_path / "penv"
+    penv.mkdir()
+    python = penv / "python"
+    sentinel = penv / ".ready"
+    good_hash = "abc123"
+
+    # Nothing in place yet
+    assert _needs_venv_rebuild(python, sentinel, good_hash)
+
+    python.write_text("")
+    # Interpreter present but no sentinel
+    assert _needs_venv_rebuild(python, sentinel, good_hash)
+
+    sentinel.write_text(good_hash, encoding="utf-8")
+    # Everything in place
+    assert not _needs_venv_rebuild(python, sentinel, good_hash)
+
+    # Stale requirements hash
+    assert _needs_venv_rebuild(python, sentinel, "otherhash")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    sys.platform == "win32", reason="symlink creation needs privileges on Windows"
+)
+def test_needs_venv_rebuild_on_dangling_interpreter_symlink(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A cached venv restored after a host interpreter upgrade has a
+    bin/python symlink whose target is gone; the valid sentinel must not
+    mask it."""
+    penv = tmp_path / "penv"
+    penv.mkdir()
+    python = penv / "python"
+    sentinel = penv / ".ready"
+    sentinel.write_text("abc123", encoding="utf-8")
+    python.symlink_to(tmp_path / "hostedtoolcache" / "3.12.14" / "python3")
+    assert python.is_symlink()
+    assert not python.exists()
+
+    assert _needs_venv_rebuild(python, sentinel, "abc123")
+
+
+def test_resolve_toolchain_rejects_unsupported() -> None:
+    """A --toolchain nRF52 cannot serve fails instead of degrading silently."""
+
+    CORE.toolchain = Toolchain.ARDUINO
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="Unsupported toolchain 'arduino'"):
+        _resolve_toolchain({})
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_extra_script.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_extra_script.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..07f0e78500
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_extra_script.py
@@ -0,0 +1,563 @@
+"""Tests for the shared extraScript machinery (platformio.extra_script)."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError
+from esphome.platformio.extra_script import (
+    CppDefine,
+    ExtraScriptResult,
+    _FakeSConsEnv,
+    apply_extra_script,
+    captured_as_build_flags,
+    run_extra_script,
+)
+from esphome.platformio.library import (
+    ESPHOME_DATA_KEY,
+    ESPHOME_DATA_LINK_FLAGS_KEY,
+    ConvertedLibrary as IDFComponent,
+    URLSource,
+    lex_build_flags,
+)
+
+
+def test_extra_script_captures_libpath_libs_and_defines(tmp_path):
+
+    (tmp_path / "src" / "esp32").mkdir(parents=True)
+    script = tmp_path / "extra_script.py"
+    script.write_text(
+        "Import('env')\n"
+        "mcu = env.get('BOARD_MCU')\n"
+        "env.Append(\n"
+        "    LIBPATH=[join('src', mcu)],\n"
+        "    LIBS=['algobsec'],\n"
+        "    CPPDEFINES=['FOO', ('BAR', '1')],\n"
+        "    LINKFLAGS=['-Wl,--gc-sections'],\n"
+        ")\n"
+    )
+    # The script uses bare ``join`` (PIO's extra-scripts run inside SCons
+    # where this is in scope). Inject it via the script header so the
+    # shim's exec namespace can resolve it.
+    script.write_text("from os.path import join\n" + script.read_text())
+
+    result = run_extra_script(
+        script, library_dir=tmp_path, board_mcu="esp32", pio_platform="espressif32"
+    )
+
+    assert result.libpath == [str(Path("src") / "esp32")]
+    assert result.libs == ["algobsec"]
+    assert CppDefine("BAR", "1") in result.cppdefines
+    assert CppDefine("FOO") in result.cppdefines
+    assert result.linkflags == ["-Wl,--gc-sections"]
+
+    # Lex like the consumer does: quoting makes raw strings platform-varying
+    tokens = lex_build_flags(
+        captured_as_build_flags(result, library_dir=tmp_path), "test"
+    )
+    sep = os.sep
+    assert f"-Lsrc{sep}esp32" in tokens
+    assert "-lalgobsec" in tokens
+    assert "-DFOO" in tokens
+    assert "-DBAR=1" in tokens
+    # LINKFLAGS travel via the link-flags channel, never the compile flags
+    assert "-Wl,--gc-sections" not in tokens
+
+
+def test_extra_script_libpath_relative_resolves_against_library_dir(
+    tmp_path, monkeypatch
+):
+    """Relative LIBPATH entries must resolve against ``library_dir``, not the
+    caller's CWD (the shim restores CWD before ``captured_as_build_flags``
+    runs)."""
+
+    (tmp_path / "lib" / "esp32").mkdir(parents=True)
+    elsewhere = tmp_path.parent / "not_the_library_dir"
+    elsewhere.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+    monkeypatch.chdir(elsewhere)
+
+    result = ExtraScriptResult(libpath=["lib/esp32"])
+    flags = captured_as_build_flags(result, library_dir=tmp_path)
+
+    sep = os.sep
+    assert lex_build_flags(flags, "test") == [f"-Llib{sep}esp32"]
+
+
+def test_extra_script_libpath_absolute_outside_library_dir(tmp_path):
+
+    outside = tmp_path.parent / "system_lib"
+    outside.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+    result = ExtraScriptResult(libpath=[str(outside)])
+
+    flags = captured_as_build_flags(result, library_dir=tmp_path)
+    assert lex_build_flags(flags, "test") == [f"-L{outside.resolve()}"]
+
+
+def test_extra_script_failure_returns_empty_result(tmp_path, caplog):
+
+    script = tmp_path / "broken.py"
+    script.write_text("raise RuntimeError('boom')\n")
+
+    with caplog.at_level("WARNING"):
+        result = run_extra_script(
+            script, library_dir=tmp_path, board_mcu="esp32", pio_platform="espressif32"
+        )
+
+    assert result.libpath == []
+    assert result.libs == []
+    assert "broken.py" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_apply_extra_script_path_traversal_is_rejected(tmp_path):
+
+    library_dir = tmp_path / "lib"
+    library_dir.mkdir()
+    outside = tmp_path / "evil.py"
+    outside.write_text("env.Append(LIBS=['pwned'])\n")
+
+    c = IDFComponent("owner/name", "1.0", source=URLSource("http://dummy"))
+    c.path = library_dir
+    c.data = {"build": {"extraScript": "../evil.py"}}
+
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="escapes the library directory"):
+        apply_extra_script(c, board_mcu=lambda: "esp32", pio_platform="espressif32")
+    # Nothing was folded into flags: the traversal was rejected before
+    # the script could run.
+    assert "flags" not in c.data["build"]
+
+
+def test_apply_extra_script_merges_into_existing_flags(tmp_path):
+
+    (tmp_path / "src").mkdir()
+    script = tmp_path / "extra.py"
+    script.write_text("env.Append(LIBS=['algobsec'])\n")
+
+    c = IDFComponent("owner/name", "1.0", source=URLSource("http://dummy"))
+    c.path = tmp_path
+    c.data = {"build": {"extraScript": "extra.py", "flags": ["-DEXISTING"]}}
+
+    apply_extra_script(c, board_mcu=lambda: "esp32", pio_platform="espressif32")
+
+    assert "-DEXISTING" in c.data["build"]["flags"]
+    assert "-lalgobsec" in c.data["build"]["flags"]
+
+
+def test_apply_extra_script_malformed_flags_raises(tmp_path) -> None:
+    """A null/dict build.flags fails naming the library instead of injecting
+    a non-string into the compiler command line."""
+
+    (tmp_path / "src").mkdir()
+    script = tmp_path / "extra.py"
+    script.write_text("env.Append(LIBS=['algobsec'])\n")
+
+    c = IDFComponent("owner/name", "1.0", source=URLSource("http://dummy"))
+    c.path = tmp_path
+    c.data = {"build": {"extraScript": "extra.py", "flags": None}}
+
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="malformed build.flags"):
+        apply_extra_script(c, board_mcu=lambda: "esp32", pio_platform="espressif32")
+
+
+def test_apply_extra_script_callable_target_and_str_flags(tmp_path) -> None:
+    """The shared helper resolves the board_mcu callable lazily and normalizes
+    a string ``build.flags`` value into a list before extending it."""
+
+    (tmp_path / "src").mkdir()
+    script = tmp_path / "extra.py"
+    script.write_text("env.Append(LIBS=[env.get('BOARD_MCU')])\n")
+
+    c = IDFComponent("owner/name", "1.0", source=URLSource("http://dummy"))
+    c.path = tmp_path
+    c.data = {"build": {"extraScript": "extra.py", "flags": "-DBASE=1"}}
+
+    apply_extra_script(c, board_mcu=lambda: "esp8266", pio_platform="espressif8266")
+
+    assert c.data["build"]["flags"] == ["-DBASE=1", "-lesp8266"]
+
+
+def test_captured_nonstring_buckets_warn_and_skip(tmp_path, caplog) -> None:
+    """Non-string LIBS/LINKFLAGS/CPPFLAGS/LIBPATH entries (legal SCons
+    nodes) are skipped by name instead of stringified into garbage flags."""
+    (tmp_path / "src").mkdir()
+    script = tmp_path / "extra.py"
+    script.write_text(
+        "env.Append(LIBS=['m', 42], LINKFLAGS=['-Wl,-x', {'no': 1}], "
+        "CPPFLAGS=['-Os', 3.5], LIBPATH=['libs', 7])\n"
+    )
+    (tmp_path / "libs").mkdir()
+
+    c = IDFComponent("owner/name", "1.0", source=URLSource("http://dummy"))
+    c.path = tmp_path
+    c.data = {"build": {"extraScript": "extra.py"}}
+
+    apply_extra_script(c, board_mcu=lambda: "esp8266", pio_platform="espressif8266")
+
+    flags = c.data["build"]["flags"]
+    assert "-lm" in flags and "-Os" in flags
+    assert c.data[ESPHOME_DATA_KEY][ESPHOME_DATA_LINK_FLAGS_KEY] == ["-Wl,-x"]
+    assert not any("42" in f or "no" in f or "3.5" in f for f in flags)
+    assert "Ignoring unsupported LIBS entry 42" in caplog.text
+    assert "Ignoring unsupported LINKFLAGS entry {'no': 1}" in caplog.text
+    assert "Ignoring unsupported LIBPATH entry 7" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_captured_dict_cppdefines_warn_and_skip(tmp_path, caplog) -> None:
+    """A dict CPPDEFINES entry (legal SCons) must warn and skip; formatting
+    it blind would hand the compiler -D{'FOO': '1'} garbage."""
+    (tmp_path / "src").mkdir()
+    script = tmp_path / "extra.py"
+    script.write_text(
+        "env.Append(CPPDEFINES=[{'FOO': '1'}, ('BAR', 2), ['BAZ', 3], 'PLAIN'])\n"
+    )
+
+    c = IDFComponent("owner/name", "1.0", source=URLSource("http://dummy"))
+    c.path = tmp_path
+    c.data = {"build": {"extraScript": "extra.py"}}
+
+    apply_extra_script(c, board_mcu=lambda: "esp8266", pio_platform="espressif8266")
+
+    assert c.data["build"]["flags"] == ["-DBAR=2", "-DBAZ=3", "-DPLAIN"]
+    assert "Ignoring unsupported CPPDEFINES entry" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_apply_extra_script_subscript_env_read(tmp_path) -> None:
+    """Scripts also read env["BOARD_MCU"]; the subscript form must work or
+    the broad handler discards every flag the script captured."""
+    (tmp_path / "src").mkdir()
+    script = tmp_path / "extra.py"
+    script.write_text("env.Append(LIBS=[env['BOARD_MCU']])\n")
+
+    c = IDFComponent("owner/name", "1.0", source=URLSource("http://dummy"))
+    c.path = tmp_path
+    c.data = {"build": {"extraScript": "extra.py"}}
+
+    apply_extra_script(c, board_mcu=lambda: "esp8266", pio_platform="espressif8266")
+
+    assert c.data["build"]["flags"] == ["-lesp8266"]
+
+
+def test_apply_extra_script_no_script_and_no_flags(tmp_path) -> None:
+
+    # No extraScript declared: nothing happens, the target is never resolved
+    c = IDFComponent("owner/name", "1.0", source=URLSource("http://dummy"))
+    c.path = tmp_path
+    c.data = {"build": {}}
+    apply_extra_script(
+        c,
+        board_mcu=lambda: pytest.fail("target resolved without a script"),
+        pio_platform="espressif8266",
+    )
+
+    # A script that captures nothing leaves the flags untouched
+    script = tmp_path / "noop.py"
+    script.write_text("pass\n")
+    c.data = {"build": {"extraScript": "noop.py"}}
+    apply_extra_script(c, board_mcu=lambda: "esp8266", pio_platform="espressif8266")
+    assert "flags" not in c.data["build"]
+
+
+def test_apply_extra_script_ignores_uncaptured_env_calls(tmp_path, caplog) -> None:
+    """Un-captured env vars and unsupported env methods are skipped but
+    diagnosable from the build log."""
+
+    caplog.set_level(logging.DEBUG)
+    script = tmp_path / "extra.py"
+    script.write_text(
+        "env.Replace(CC='clang')\nenv.Append(UNCAPTURED=['x'], LIBS='single')\n"
+    )
+    c = IDFComponent("owner/name", "1.0", source=URLSource("http://dummy"))
+    c.path = tmp_path
+    c.data = {"build": {"extraScript": "extra.py"}}
+    apply_extra_script(c, board_mcu=lambda: "esp8266", pio_platform="espressif8266")
+    assert c.data["build"]["flags"] == ["-lsingle"]
+    assert "env.Append(UNCAPTURED=...) is not captured" in caplog.text
+    assert "env.Replace is not supported" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_apply_extra_script_swallows_script_errors(tmp_path, caplog) -> None:
+    """A raising extra-script is best-effort: logged and skipped."""
+
+    script = tmp_path / "extra.py"
+    script.write_text("raise RuntimeError('boom')\n")
+    c = IDFComponent("owner/name", "1.0", source=URLSource("http://dummy"))
+    c.path = tmp_path
+    c.data = {"build": {"extraScript": "extra.py"}}
+    apply_extra_script(c, board_mcu=lambda: "esp8266", pio_platform="espressif8266")
+    assert "flags" not in c.data["build"]
+    assert "ignoring its output" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_apply_extra_script_pio_platform(tmp_path) -> None:
+    """The backend's platform token is exposed to the script as PIOPLATFORM."""
+
+    script = tmp_path / "extra.py"
+    script.write_text("env.Append(LIBS=[env.get('PIOPLATFORM')])\n")
+    c = IDFComponent("owner/name", "1.0", source=URLSource("http://dummy"))
+    c.path = tmp_path
+    c.data = {"build": {"extraScript": "extra.py"}}
+    apply_extra_script(c, board_mcu=lambda: "esp8266", pio_platform="espressif8266")
+    assert c.data["build"]["flags"] == ["-lespressif8266"]
+
+
+def test_apply_extra_script_missing_script_raises(tmp_path) -> None:
+    """A declared but absent extraScript is a broken package and fails by
+    name, as it would under PlatformIO."""
+
+    c = IDFComponent("owner/name", "1.0", source=URLSource("http://dummy"))
+    c.path = tmp_path
+    c.data = {"build": {"extraScript": "nope.py"}}
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="nope.py of library owner/name not found"):
+        apply_extra_script(c, board_mcu=lambda: "esp8266", pio_platform="espressif8266")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("bad", (["a.py"], {"esp32": "a.py"}), ids=("list", "dict"))
+def test_apply_extra_script_non_string_raises(tmp_path, bad) -> None:
+    """A non-string extraScript fails naming the library, not with a TypeError."""
+
+    c = IDFComponent("owner/name", "1.0", source=URLSource("http://dummy"))
+    c.path = tmp_path
+    c.data = {"build": {"extraScript": bad}}
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="of library owner/name must be a string"):
+        apply_extra_script(c, board_mcu=lambda: "esp8266", pio_platform="espressif8266")
+
+
+def test_extra_script_cpppath_captured_as_include_flags(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+    """CPPPATH entries translate to -I flags anchored like LIBPATH."""
+
+    (tmp_path / "include").mkdir()
+    outside = tmp_path.parent / "system_inc"
+    outside.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+    elsewhere = tmp_path.parent / "not_the_library_dir"
+    elsewhere.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+    monkeypatch.chdir(elsewhere)
+
+    result = ExtraScriptResult(cpppath=["include", str(outside), 7])
+    flags = captured_as_build_flags(result, library_dir=tmp_path)
+
+    assert lex_build_flags(flags, "test") == ["-Iinclude", f"-I{outside.resolve()}"]
+
+
+def test_extra_script_spaced_paths_survive_relexing(tmp_path):
+    """-I/-L paths with spaces round-trip through lex_build_flags as one token."""
+    (tmp_path / "my libs").mkdir()
+    result = ExtraScriptResult(cpppath=["my libs"], libpath=["my libs"])
+    flags = captured_as_build_flags(result, library_dir=tmp_path)
+    assert lex_build_flags(flags, "test") == ["-Imy libs", "-Lmy libs"]
+
+
+def test_run_extra_script_failure_discards_partial_capture(tmp_path, caplog) -> None:
+    """A crashed script yields an empty result: half-applied flags could
+    build wrong-output firmware that links cleanly."""
+
+    script = tmp_path / "extra.py"
+    script.write_text("env.Append(LIBS=['algobsec'])\nraise RuntimeError('boom')\n")
+    result = run_extra_script(
+        script, library_dir=tmp_path, board_mcu="esp32", pio_platform="espressif32"
+    )
+    assert result.libs == []
+    assert "ignoring its output" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_run_extra_script_syntax_error_is_best_effort(tmp_path, caplog) -> None:
+    """A vendored script that does not even compile warns and skips instead
+    of aborting the build."""
+
+    script = tmp_path / "extra.py"
+    script.write_text("def broken(:\n")
+    result = run_extra_script(
+        script, library_dir=tmp_path, board_mcu="esp32", pio_platform="espressif32"
+    )
+    assert result.libs == []
+    assert "ignoring its output" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_unsupported_env_method_warns_once(caplog) -> None:
+    """Repeated calls to the same unsupported method warn only once."""
+
+    env = _FakeSConsEnv(
+        board_mcu="esp8266", pio_env="esphome_esp8266", pio_platform="espressif8266"
+    )
+    env.Replace(CC="clang")
+    env.Replace(CC="gcc")
+    assert caplog.text.count("env.Replace is not supported") == 1
+
+
+def test_run_extra_script_sys_exit_is_best_effort(tmp_path, caplog) -> None:
+    """A nonzero sys.exit() in a vendored script must not kill the esphome
+    run, and its output is discarded."""
+
+    script = tmp_path / "extra.py"
+    script.write_text("import sys\nenv.Append(LIBS=['x'])\nsys.exit(3)\n")
+    result = run_extra_script(
+        script, library_dir=tmp_path, board_mcu="esp32", pio_platform="espressif32"
+    )
+    assert result.libs == []
+    assert "exited with status 3" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_run_extra_script_sys_exit_zero_is_success(tmp_path, caplog) -> None:
+    """sys.exit(0) is a normal PlatformIO script ending: the capture is kept."""
+
+    script = tmp_path / "extra.py"
+    script.write_text("import sys\nenv.Append(LIBS=['algobsec'])\nsys.exit(0)\n")
+    result = run_extra_script(
+        script, library_dir=tmp_path, board_mcu="esp32", pio_platform="espressif32"
+    )
+    assert result.libs == ["algobsec"]
+    assert "ignoring its output" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_run_extra_script_unreadable_raises(tmp_path) -> None:
+    """An unreadable declared script is a broken package, like a missing one."""
+
+    script = tmp_path / "extra.py"
+    script.write_text("")
+    with (
+        patch("pathlib.Path.read_text", side_effect=OSError("denied")),
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="is unreadable"),
+    ):
+        run_extra_script(
+            script, library_dir=tmp_path, board_mcu="esp32", pio_platform="espressif32"
+        )
+
+
+def test_run_extra_script_bad_encoding_is_best_effort(tmp_path, caplog) -> None:
+    """Undecodable content warns and skips, like a SyntaxError."""
+
+    script = tmp_path / "extra.py"
+    script.write_bytes(b"\xff\xfe\x00bad")
+    result = run_extra_script(
+        script, library_dir=tmp_path, board_mcu="esp32", pio_platform="espressif32"
+    )
+    assert result.libs == []
+    assert "is not UTF-8" in caplog.text
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("method", ("Prepend", "AppendUnique", "PrependUnique"))
+def test_append_variants_capture_like_append(method: str) -> None:
+    """Prepend/AppendUnique/PrependUnique write the captured keys too."""
+    env = _FakeSConsEnv(
+        board_mcu="esp8266", pio_env="esphome_esp8266", pio_platform="espressif8266"
+    )
+    getattr(env, method)(LIBS=["algobsec"], LIBPATH=["lib"])
+    assert env.result.libs == ["algobsec"]
+    assert env.result.libpath == ["lib"]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("method", ("Prepend", "PrependUnique"))
+def test_prepend_inserts_ahead_of_existing(method: str) -> None:
+    """Prepend keeps SCons order: new values land ahead of what is already
+    captured (scripts prepend LIBS for static-link symbol resolution)."""
+    env = _FakeSConsEnv(
+        board_mcu="esp8266", pio_env="esphome_esp8266", pio_platform="espressif8266"
+    )
+    env.Append(LIBS=["m"])
+    getattr(env, method)(LIBS=["algobsec", "bsec"])
+    assert env.result.libs == ["algobsec", "bsec", "m"]
+
+
+def test_env_membership_and_iteration(tmp_path) -> None:
+    """Membership tests and for-loops must use the mapping protocol; the
+    legacy sequence fallback through __getitem__ would loop forever."""
+    env = _FakeSConsEnv(
+        board_mcu="esp8266", pio_env="esphome_esp8266", pio_platform="espressif8266"
+    )
+    assert "BOARD_MCU" in env
+    assert "NOPE" not in env
+    assert sorted(env) == ["BOARD_MCU", "PIOENV", "PIOPLATFORM"]
+
+
+def test_apply_extra_script_non_string_falsey_raises(tmp_path) -> None:
+    """A falsey non-string extraScript (false, 0, []) is a malformed
+    manifest, not an absent script."""
+    c = IDFComponent("owner/name", "1.0", source=URLSource("http://dummy"))
+    c.path = tmp_path
+    c.data = {"build": {"extraScript": False}}
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="must be a string"):
+        apply_extra_script(c, board_mcu=lambda: "esp8266", pio_platform="espressif8266")
+
+
+def test_env_get_unknown_key_warns_once(caplog) -> None:
+    """A script branching on an unmodelled env var is diagnosable."""
+    env = _FakeSConsEnv(
+        board_mcu="esp8266", pio_env="esphome_esp8266", pio_platform="espressif8266"
+    )
+    assert env.get("BOARD") is None
+    assert env.get("BOARD", "d1") == "d1"
+    assert env.get("BOARD_MCU") == "esp8266"
+    assert caplog.text.count("env.get('BOARD') is not modelled") == 1
+    assert "BOARD_MCU" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_spaced_cppflag_survives_relexing(tmp_path) -> None:
+    """A captured argv token with a space stays one token after lexing."""
+    result = ExtraScriptResult(
+        cppflags=["-include my hdr.h"],
+        cppdefines=[CppDefine("MSG", '"hello world"'), CppDefine("PLAIN")],
+    )
+    flags = captured_as_build_flags(result, library_dir=tmp_path)
+    assert lex_build_flags(flags, "test") == [
+        '-DMSG="hello world"',
+        "-DPLAIN",
+        "-include my hdr.h",
+    ]
+
+
+def test_env_attribute_access_warns_without_call(caplog) -> None:
+    """hasattr()/truthiness on an unsupported method is diagnosable; dunder
+    protocol probes stay silent."""
+    env = _FakeSConsEnv(
+        board_mcu="esp8266", pio_env="esphome_esp8266", pio_platform="espressif8266"
+    )
+    assert env.GetProjectOption
+    assert caplog.text.count("env.GetProjectOption is not supported") == 1
+    assert not hasattr(env, "__deepcopy__")
+    assert "__deepcopy__" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_env_unmodelled_subscript_degrades_one_branch(caplog) -> None:
+    """env[...] on an unmodelled var returns '' instead of KeyError
+    discarding the whole capture."""
+    env = _FakeSConsEnv(
+        board_mcu="esp8266", pio_env="esphome_esp8266", pio_platform="espressif8266"
+    )
+    assert env["PIOFRAMEWORK"] == ""
+    assert env["PIOFRAMEWORK"] == ""
+    assert caplog.text.count("env['PIOFRAMEWORK'] is not modelled") == 1
+    assert env["BOARD_MCU"] == "esp8266"
+    env.Append(LIBS=["still_captured"])
+    assert env.result.libs == ["still_captured"]
+
+
+def test_cppdefines_scons_spellings(tmp_path) -> None:
+    """A bare 2-tuple is one name=value pair, a dict maps names to values,
+    and a None value is a bare define (SCons processDefines)."""
+    env = _FakeSConsEnv(
+        board_mcu="esp8266", pio_env="esphome_esp8266", pio_platform="espressif8266"
+    )
+    env.Append(CPPDEFINES=("FOO", "1"))
+    env.Append(CPPDEFINES={"BAR": "2", "BAZ": None})
+    env.Append(CPPDEFINES=["PLAIN"])
+    flags = captured_as_build_flags(env.result, library_dir=tmp_path)
+    assert lex_build_flags(flags, "test") == [
+        "-DFOO=1",
+        "-DBAR=2",
+        "-DBAZ",
+        "-DPLAIN",
+    ]
+
+
+def test_uncaptured_append_key_warns_once(caplog) -> None:
+    """A loop of Appends to the same uncaptured key warns once."""
+
+    env = _FakeSConsEnv(
+        board_mcu="esp8266", pio_env="esphome_esp8266", pio_platform="espressif8266"
+    )
+    env.Append(RANLIBFLAGS=["a"])
+    env.Append(RANLIBFLAGS=["b"])
+    assert caplog.text.count("env.Append(RANLIBFLAGS=...) is not captured") == 1
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_library.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_library.py
index 0eede78656..3bae39b3c1 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_library.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_library.py
@@ -10,9 +10,10 @@ from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
-from esphome.core import EsphomeError, Library
+from esphome.core import CORE, EsphomeError, Library
 import esphome.platformio.library as lib
 from esphome.platformio.library import (
+    SOURCE_KIND_FOR_SUFFIX,
     ConvertedLibrary,
     GitSource,
     InvalidLibrary,
@@ -23,12 +24,18 @@ from esphome.platformio.library import (
     _resolve_registry_version,
     check_library_data,
     convert_libraries,
+    join_flag_args,
+    split_flag_entry,
 )
 
 
-def _backend(emit=lambda component: None) -> LibraryBackend:
+def _backend(emit=lambda component: None, provides=None) -> LibraryBackend:
     return LibraryBackend(
-        platform="espressif32", framework="espidf", emit=emit, cache_key="idf"
+        platform="espressif32",
+        framework="espidf",
+        emit=emit,
+        cache_key="idf",
+        provides=provides,
     )
 
 
@@ -150,17 +157,17 @@ def test_localsource_download_returns_empty_build_dir(setup_core: Path) -> None:
     assert plain != out
 
 
-def test_urlsource_download_extracts_then_reuses_marker(setup_core, monkeypatch):
+def test_urlsource_download_extracts_then_reuses_marker(
+    setup_core, monkeypatch, caplog
+):
     monkeypatch.setattr(lib, "rmdir", lambda path, msg="": None)
     dl_calls: list[list[str]] = []
-    monkeypatch.setattr(
-        lib, "download_from_mirrors", lambda urls, headers, f: dl_calls.append(urls)
-    )
 
-    def fake_extract(fileobj, path):
-        Path(path).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    def fake_download_and_extract(urls, subs, archive_path, extract_dir, **kwargs):
+        dl_calls.append(urls)
+        Path(extract_dir).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
 
-    monkeypatch.setattr(lib, "archive_extract_all", fake_extract)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(lib, "download_and_extract", fake_download_and_extract)
 
     src = URLSource("http://example.test/lib.tar.gz")
     out = src.download("mylib")
@@ -173,6 +180,31 @@ def test_urlsource_download_extracts_then_reuses_marker(setup_core, monkeypatch)
     assert out2 == out
     assert len(dl_calls) == 1
 
+    # A batch caller passes a tracker and owns the messaging; no per-file INFO
+    caplog.set_level("INFO")
+    src.download("mylib-batch", progress=lambda done: None)
+    assert len(dl_calls) == 2
+    assert "Downloading" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_urlsource_downloads_to_sibling_archive_path(setup_core, monkeypatch):
+    """The archive downloads to a deterministic path next to the cache dir
+    (not a random temp file), so an interrupted download's .part file
+    resumes on the next run."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(lib, "rmdir", lambda path, msg="": None)
+    targets: list[Path] = []
+
+    def fake_download_and_extract(urls, subs, archive_path, extract_dir, **kwargs):
+        targets.append(Path(archive_path))
+        Path(extract_dir).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(lib, "download_and_extract", fake_download_and_extract)
+
+    src = URLSource("http://example.test/lib.tar.gz")
+    out = src.download("mylib")
+
+    assert targets == [out.with_name(f"{out.name}.archive")]
+
 
 def test_resolve_registry_version_raises_without_pkg_file(monkeypatch):
     registry = lib._make_registry_client()
@@ -206,6 +238,7 @@ def _patch_registry_resolve(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
             pkgname,
             "1.0.0",
             f"http://x/{pkgname}.tar.gz",
+            None,
         ),
     )
 
@@ -225,6 +258,38 @@ def _patch_download_with_manifests(monkeypatch, tmp_path, manifests, *, properti
     _patch_registry_resolve(monkeypatch)
 
 
+def test_wave_requirement_growth_defers_the_superseded_download(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+    """A's manifest constrains B while B sits in the same wave: B's
+    drain-time resolution is superseded, so its download defers to the
+    next wave instead of fetching a version that is immediately replaced."""
+    download_names: list[str] = []
+    manifests = {
+        "esphome/A": {
+            "name": "A",
+            "build": {},
+            "dependencies": {"esphome/B": ">=1.0"},
+        },
+        "esphome/B": {"name": "B", "build": {}},
+    }
+
+    def fake_download(self, force=False, salt="", namespace="", progress=None):
+        download_names.append(self.name)
+        self.path = tmp_path / self.get_require_name()
+        self.path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        (self.path / "library.json").write_text(json.dumps(manifests[self.name]))
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(ConvertedLibrary, "download", fake_download)
+    # Hermetic: the stubbed registry reports no size, so no batch prefetch
+    _patch_registry_resolve(monkeypatch)
+    top = convert_libraries(
+        [Library("esphome/A", "1.0.0", None), Library("esphome/B", None, None)],
+        _backend(),
+    )
+    assert sorted(c.name for c in top) == ["esphome/A", "esphome/B"]
+    # B downloads exactly once, after its requirement set stabilized
+    assert download_names.count("esphome/B") == 1
+
+
 def test_convert_libraries_parses_library_properties(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
     # A manifest provided as library.properties (Arduino style) instead of
     # library.json must still be parsed and converted.
@@ -292,7 +357,10 @@ def _patch_download_without_manifest(
     calls: list[bool] = []
 
     def fake_download(
-        self: ConvertedLibrary, force: bool = False, salt: str = "", namespace: str = ""
+        self: ConvertedLibrary,
+        force: bool = False,
+        salt: str = "",
+        namespace: str = "",
     ) -> None:
         calls.append(force)
         self.path = tmp_path / self.get_require_name()
@@ -531,3 +599,636 @@ def test_convert_libraries_skips_incompatible_dependency(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
     top = convert_libraries([Library("esphome/A", "1.0.0", None)], _backend())
 
     assert top[0].dependencies == []
+
+
+def test_split_flag_entry_unbalanced_quote_is_clean() -> None:
+    """A malformed flags entry raises EsphomeError, not a raw ValueError."""
+
+    assert split_flag_entry('-DX="a b"', "library x") == ["-DX=a b"]
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match=r"Malformed build flag.*library x"):
+        split_flag_entry('-DX="unclosed', "library x")
+
+
+def test_join_flag_args_reglues_spaced_define() -> None:
+    """A spaced -D re-glues to its argument, as ParseFlags does."""
+
+    assert join_flag_args(["-D", "FOO=1", "-Os"], "x") == ["-DFOO=1", "-Os"]
+
+
+def test_join_flag_args_trailing_bare_flag_warns(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+
+    assert join_flag_args(["-Os", "-l"], "library x") == ["-Os"]
+    assert "Ignoring trailing '-l'" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_lex_build_flags_dangling_flag_does_not_cross_entries(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """Each entry is lexed independently, as ParseFlags does: a dangling -I
+    ending one entry warns instead of absorbing the next entry's first token."""
+    from esphome.platformio.library import lex_build_flags
+
+    assert lex_build_flags(["-Wall -I", "-DFOO=1"], "lib x") == ["-Wall", "-DFOO=1"]
+    assert "Ignoring trailing '-I'" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_prefetch_wave_downloads_registry_archives_in_parallel(
+    setup_core, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """Registry archives in one wave download concurrently, deduped by URL;
+    local sources and failures are left to the sequential call."""
+    calls: list[str] = []
+
+    def fake_download(
+        self, dir_suffix, force=False, salt="", namespace="", progress=None
+    ):
+        calls.append(self.url)
+        if progress is not None:
+            progress(0)
+        if "boom" in self.url:
+            raise RuntimeError("boom")
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(URLSource, "download", fake_download)
+    wave = [
+        ("a", ConvertedLibrary("a", "1.0", URLSource("https://x/a.tar.gz", 1))),
+        ("b", ConvertedLibrary("b", "1.0", URLSource("https://x/b.tar.gz", 1))),
+        # Duplicate URL must prefetch once (two threads must never extract
+        # into the same cache directory)
+        ("b2", ConvertedLibrary("b2", "1.0", URLSource("https://x/b.tar.gz", 1))),
+        ("c", ConvertedLibrary("c", "1.0", URLSource("https://x/boom.tar.gz", 1))),
+        ("l", ConvertedLibrary("l", "*", LocalSource("/some/lib"))),
+    ]
+    lib._prefetch_wave(wave, "", "idf")
+    assert sorted(calls) == [
+        "https://x/a.tar.gz",
+        "https://x/b.tar.gz",
+        "https://x/boom.tar.gz",
+    ]
+    # The failure surfaces at default verbosity, after the bar
+    assert "Prefetch of c failed (retrying sequentially)" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_prefetch_wave_clones_git_sources_in_parallel(
+    setup_core, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """Git sources join the same prefetch batch as the archives, deduped by
+    clone target; a clone failure warns and is left to the sequential call."""
+    caplog.set_level("INFO")
+    calls: list[str] = []
+
+    def fake_clone(self, dir_suffix, force=False, salt="", namespace=""):
+        calls.append(f"{self}/{dir_suffix}")
+        if "boom" in self.url:
+            raise RuntimeError("boom")
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(GitSource, "download", fake_clone)
+    wave = [
+        ("a", ConvertedLibrary("a", "1.0", URLSource("https://x/a.tar.gz", 1))),
+        ("g", ConvertedLibrary("g", "*", GitSource("https://x/g.git", "v1"))),
+        # Same url@ref and target dir must clone once
+        ("g2", ConvertedLibrary("g", "*", GitSource("https://x/g.git", "v1"))),
+        ("h", ConvertedLibrary("h", "*", GitSource("https://x/boom.git", None))),
+    ]
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        URLSource, "download", lambda self, dir_suffix, progress=None, **kw: None
+    )
+    lib._prefetch_wave(wave, "", "idf")
+    assert sorted(calls) == ["https://x/boom.git/h", "https://x/g.git#v1/g"]
+    assert "Cloning 2 library repo(s): g, h" in caplog.text
+    assert "Prefetch of h failed (retrying sequentially)" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_source_base_prefetch_defaults() -> None:
+    """The base Source is not prefetchable and reports cached (nothing to do)."""
+    source = Source()
+    assert source.prefetch_key("x") is None
+    assert source.is_cached("x") is True
+
+
+def test_prefetch_wave_single_clone_uses_the_batch(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A wave with only git sources still clones through the batch runner."""
+    caplog.set_level("INFO")
+    calls: list[str] = []
+    monkeypatch.setattr(GitSource, "is_cached", lambda self, *a, **kw: False)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        GitSource,
+        "download",
+        lambda self, dir_suffix, force=False, salt="", namespace="": calls.append(
+            self.url
+        ),
+    )
+    lib._prefetch_wave(
+        [("g", ConvertedLibrary("g", "*", GitSource("https://x/g.git", None)))],
+        "",
+        "idf",
+    )
+    assert calls == ["https://x/g.git"]
+    assert "Cloning 1 library repo(s): g" in caplog.text
+    assert "Downloading" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_prefetch_wave_warm_git_cache_is_silent(
+    setup_core, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """An already-complete clone is neither re-fetched nor announced."""
+    caplog.set_level("INFO")
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        GitSource,
+        "download",
+        lambda self, dir_suffix, **kw: (_ for _ in ()).throw(AssertionError("cloned")),
+    )
+    monkeypatch.setattr(GitSource, "is_cached", lambda self, *a, **kw: True)
+    wave = [("g", ConvertedLibrary("g", "*", GitSource("https://x/g.git", None)))]
+    lib._prefetch_wave(wave, "", "idf")
+    assert "Cloning" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_prefetch_wave_unknown_size_left_to_sequential(
+    setup_core, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
+    """Archives without a registry-reported size skip the batch (their
+    sequential per-file bars don't interleave); the known subset still
+    prefetches."""
+    calls: list[str] = []
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        URLSource,
+        "download",
+        lambda self, dir_suffix, force=False, salt="", namespace="", progress=None: (
+            calls.append(self.url)
+        ),
+    )
+    wave = [
+        ("a", ConvertedLibrary("a", "1.0", URLSource("https://x/a.tar.gz", 1))),
+        ("b", ConvertedLibrary("b", "1.0", URLSource("https://x/b.tar.gz", 1))),
+        ("u", ConvertedLibrary("u", "1.0", URLSource("https://x/u.tar.gz"))),
+    ]
+    lib._prefetch_wave(wave, "", "idf")
+    assert sorted(calls) == ["https://x/a.tar.gz", "https://x/b.tar.gz"]
+
+
+def test_join_flag_args_empty_argument_warns_and_drops(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """An empty glued argument is dropped: a bare -D would eat the next flag."""
+    assert lib.lex_build_flags('-D "" -DFOO', "build_flags") == ["-DFOO"]
+    assert "Ignoring '-D' with empty argument in build_flags" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_prefetch_wave_cache_probe_failure_still_prefetches(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A filesystem probe failure warns (a systematic one re-downloads
+    everything) but still prefetches; a programming error is NOT swallowed
+    here, it reaches the outer blanket guard."""
+    calls: list[str] = []
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        URLSource,
+        "download",
+        lambda self, dir_suffix, **kw: calls.append(self.url),
+    )
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        URLSource,
+        "is_cached",
+        lambda self, *a, **kw: (_ for _ in ()).throw(OSError("cache root denied")),
+    )
+    wave = [
+        ("a", ConvertedLibrary("a", "1.0", URLSource("https://x/a.tar.gz", 1))),
+        ("b", ConvertedLibrary("b", "1.0", URLSource("https://x/b.tar.gz", 1))),
+    ]
+    lib._prefetch_wave(wave, "", "idf")
+    assert sorted(calls) == ["https://x/a.tar.gz", "https://x/b.tar.gz"]
+    assert "Cache probe for a failed: cache root denied" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_prefetch_wave_internal_error_never_fails_the_build(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """The blanket guard keeps a prefetch bug from failing the walk."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(URLSource, "is_cached", lambda self, *a, **kw: False)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        lib,
+        "run_batch_downloads",
+        lambda *a, **kw: (_ for _ in ()).throw(RuntimeError("bug")),
+    )
+    wave = [
+        ("a", ConvertedLibrary("a", "1.0", URLSource("https://x/a.tar.gz", 1))),
+        ("b", ConvertedLibrary("b", "1.0", URLSource("https://x/b.tar.gz", 1))),
+    ]
+    lib._prefetch_wave(wave, "", "idf")
+    assert "Library prefetch failed: bug" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_prefetch_wave_warm_cache_is_silent(
+    setup_core, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """Already-extracted archives download nothing; a warm build must not
+    print a Downloading line or draw a bar."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        URLSource,
+        "download",
+        lambda self, dir_suffix, **kw: (_ for _ in ()).throw(
+            AssertionError("downloaded")
+        ),
+    )
+    wave = []
+    for name in ("a", "b", "c"):
+        comp = ConvertedLibrary(name, "1.0", URLSource(f"https://x/{name}.tar.gz", 1))
+        marker_dir = comp.source._cache_dir(comp.get_sanitized_name(), "", "idf")
+        marker_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
+        (marker_dir / ".esphome_extracted").touch()
+        wave.append((name, comp))
+    lib._prefetch_wave(wave, "", "idf")
+    assert "Downloading" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_prefetch_wave_single_archive_uses_the_batch(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A dependency chain discovers one archive per wave; it downloads
+    through the same runner so there is one download method and one bar."""
+    caplog.set_level("INFO")
+    calls: list[str] = []
+    monkeypatch.setattr(URLSource, "is_cached", lambda self, *a, **kw: False)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        URLSource,
+        "download",
+        lambda self, dir_suffix, force=False, salt="", namespace="", progress=None: (
+            calls.append(self.url)
+        ),
+    )
+    lib._prefetch_wave(
+        [("a", ConvertedLibrary("a", "1.0", URLSource("https://x/a.tar.gz", 1)))],
+        "",
+        "idf",
+    )
+    assert calls == ["https://x/a.tar.gz"]
+    assert "Downloading 1 library archive(s): a" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_normalize_dependencies_forms(caplog) -> None:
+    """Every PIO-legal spelling normalizes; unrecognizable entries warn."""
+    from esphome.platformio.library import normalize_dependencies
+
+    assert normalize_dependencies(
+        ["Wire", {"name": "SPI"}, 5, "", {"version": "1.0"}], "libx"
+    ) == [
+        {"name": "Wire"},
+        {"name": "SPI"},
+    ]
+    # The int, the empty string, and the nameless dict all warn
+    assert caplog.text.count("unrecognized dependency entry") == 3
+    # A plain string is names, never iterated into characters
+    assert normalize_dependencies("Wire, SPI") == [
+        {"name": "Wire"},
+        {"name": "SPI"},
+    ]
+    assert normalize_dependencies("Wire") == [{"name": "Wire"}]
+    # A non-iterable value fails by manifest name, never a bare TypeError
+    assert normalize_dependencies(5, "libx") == []
+    assert "Ignoring unrecognized dependencies 5 of libx" in caplog.text
+    # The dict-shorthand form validates names like the list form: an empty
+    # key and a spec overriding name with a non-string both warn and drop
+    assert normalize_dependencies(
+        {"": "1.0", "Wire": {"name": 123, "version": "1.0"}, "SPI": "*"}, "libx"
+    ) == [{"name": "SPI", "owner": None, "version": "*"}]
+    assert caplog.text.count("unrecognized dependency entry") == 5
+    # A container or numeric version would raise from set.add() or fail
+    # opaquely in the registry; both spellings warn and drop
+    assert normalize_dependencies({"Foo": ["1.0", "2.0"]}, "libx") == []
+    assert normalize_dependencies([{"name": "Foo", "version": 1}], "libx") == []
+    assert caplog.text.count("unrecognized dependency entry") == 7
+    # A non-string owner would stringify into a malformed registry name
+    assert (
+        normalize_dependencies(
+            [{"name": "Foo", "owner": {"bad": 1}, "version": "1.0"}], "libx"
+        )
+        == []
+    )
+    # A falsey scalar (0, false) is malformed, not an empty list
+    assert normalize_dependencies(0, "libx") == []
+    assert "Ignoring unrecognized dependencies 0 of libx" in caplog.text
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "manifest",
+    [
+        ["not", "a", "manifest"],
+        {"name": "A", "build": "src"},
+        {"name": "A", "ESPHOME": "yes"},
+        {"name": "A", "build": {"srcDir": 123}},
+        {"name": "A", "build": {"includeDir": ["inc"]}},
+        {"name": "A", "build": {"srcFilter": {"+": "src"}}},
+        {"name": "A", "ESPHOME": {"LINK_FLAGS": "-Wl,-x"}},
+    ],
+)
+def test_convert_libraries_malformed_manifest_raises(
+    tmp_path, monkeypatch, manifest
+) -> None:
+    """A manifest without the expected dict shape fails by library name
+    before any backend dereferences data/build."""
+    _patch_download_with_manifests(monkeypatch, tmp_path, {"esphome/A": manifest})
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="has a malformed manifest"):
+        convert_libraries([Library("esphome/A", None, None)], _backend())
+
+
+def test_convert_libraries_malformed_transitive_dep_skips(
+    tmp_path, monkeypatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A malformed manifest on a dependency the user never asked for warns
+    and skips; only a top-level library fails the build."""
+    _patch_download_with_manifests(
+        monkeypatch,
+        tmp_path,
+        {
+            "esphome/A": {
+                "name": "A",
+                "dependencies": [{"name": "B", "owner": "esphome", "version": "1.0"}],
+            },
+            "esphome/B": {"name": "B", "build": {"srcDir": 123}},
+        },
+    )
+    components = convert_libraries([Library("esphome/A", None, None)], _backend())
+    names = [c.name for c in components]
+    assert "esphome/A" in names
+    assert "esphome/B" not in names
+    assert "Skipping dependency esphome/B: malformed manifest" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_walk_warns_for_properties_only_depends(
+    tmp_path, monkeypatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A manifest declaring dependencies only as library.properties depends=
+    warns in the shared walk, so every backend reports the drop."""
+    _patch_download_with_manifests(
+        monkeypatch,
+        tmp_path,
+        {"esphome/A": "name=A\nversion=1.0\ndepends=Wire, SPI\n"},
+        properties=("esphome/A",),
+    )
+    caplog.set_level("INFO")
+    convert_libraries([Library("esphome/A", "1.0.0", None)], _backend())
+    assert "declares dependencies via library.properties" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_walk_warns_for_nonplatform_invalid_library(
+    tmp_path, monkeypatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A dependency dropped for any cause other than the routine platform
+    filter is visible in every backend."""
+    _patch_download_with_manifests(
+        monkeypatch,
+        tmp_path,
+        {
+            "esphome/A": {
+                "name": "A",
+                "dependencies": [{"name": "B", "version": "1.0", "platforms": [123]}],
+            }
+        },
+    )
+    convert_libraries([Library("esphome/A", None, None)], _backend())
+    assert "Skipping dependency B of esphome/A: Malformed platforms" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_convert_libraries_warns_for_nonplatform_invalid_dependency_component(
+    tmp_path, monkeypatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A dependency component dropped for any cause other than the platform
+    filter warns; only the routine cross-platform skip stays at debug."""
+    _patch_download_with_manifests(
+        monkeypatch,
+        tmp_path,
+        {
+            "esphome/A": {
+                "name": "A",
+                "dependencies": [{"name": "C", "owner": "esphome", "version": "1.0"}],
+            },
+            "esphome/C": {"name": "C", "frameworks": [None]},
+        },
+    )
+    convert_libraries([Library("esphome/A", "1.0.0", None)], _backend())
+    assert "Malformed frameworks" in caplog.text
+    assert "Skipping dependency" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_split_flag_entry_non_string_is_clean() -> None:
+    """A dict or number from a third-party manifest fails naming the entry,
+    not with an opaque shlex traceback."""
+
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="Malformed build flag"):
+        split_flag_entry({"esp32": ["-DX"]}, "lib x")
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="Malformed build flag 5"):
+        split_flag_entry(5, "lib x")
+
+
+def test_source_kind_map_shape() -> None:
+    """The kind values the native compile rules key on; the AS/ASPP split
+    matches SCons (.S preprocessed, .s plain assembler)."""
+
+    assert set(SOURCE_KIND_FOR_SUFFIX.values()) == {"c", "cxx", "asm", "aspp"}
+    assert SOURCE_KIND_FOR_SUFFIX[".s"] == "asm"
+    assert SOURCE_KIND_FOR_SUFFIX[".S"] == "aspp"
+    assert SOURCE_KIND_FOR_SUFFIX[".c"] == "c"
+    assert SOURCE_KIND_FOR_SUFFIX[".cpp"] == "cxx"
+    # SCons's case-sensitive C++ suffixes: PIO compiles .C as C++
+    assert SOURCE_KIND_FOR_SUFFIX[".C"] == "cxx"
+    assert SOURCE_KIND_FOR_SUFFIX[".C++"] == "cxx"
+
+
+def test_versionless_platform_filtered_dependency_stays_quiet(
+    tmp_path, monkeypatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A version-less dependency the platform filter excludes is
+    deliberately absent, not a drop to warn about."""
+    _patch_download_with_manifests(
+        monkeypatch,
+        tmp_path,
+        {
+            "esphome/A": {
+                "name": "A",
+                "dependencies": [{"name": "Hash", "platforms": "espressif8266"}],
+            }
+        },
+    )
+    convert_libraries([Library("esphome/A", None, None)], _backend())
+    assert "has no version to resolve" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_versionless_ignored_dependency_stays_quiet(
+    tmp_path, monkeypatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A lib_ignore'd version-less dependency is deliberately excluded, not
+    a drop; no reconciliation warning."""
+    _patch_download_with_manifests(
+        monkeypatch,
+        tmp_path,
+        {"esphome/A": {"name": "A", "dependencies": [{"name": "Hash"}]}},
+    )
+    CORE.platformio_options = {"lib_ignore": ["Hash"]}
+    convert_libraries([Library("esphome/A", None, None)], _backend())
+    assert "has no version to resolve" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_versionless_dependency_without_provider_warns(
+    tmp_path, monkeypatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A backend whose tree could supply the name warns on the drop; one
+    without provides() can never act on it, so it stays at debug."""
+    _patch_download_with_manifests(
+        monkeypatch,
+        tmp_path,
+        {
+            "esphome/A": {
+                "name": "A",
+                # The duplicate entry warns once (reconciliation dedup)
+                "dependencies": [{"name": "Hash"}, {"name": "Hash"}],
+            }
+        },
+    )
+    convert_libraries(
+        [Library("esphome/A", None, None)], _backend(provides=lambda name: False)
+    )
+    assert (
+        caplog.text.count(
+            "Hash of esphome/A has no version to resolve and nothing provides it"
+        )
+        == 1
+    )
+    caplog.clear()
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.DEBUG):
+        convert_libraries([Library("esphome/A", None, None)], _backend())
+    records = [
+        r
+        for r in caplog.records
+        if "has no version to resolve and nothing provides it" in r.message
+    ]
+    assert records and all(r.levelno == logging.DEBUG for r in records)
+
+
+def test_url_version_dependency_is_not_substituted_by_provides(
+    tmp_path, monkeypatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A URL-valued version names one specific source; the backend-provided
+    skip must not replace it with the bundled copy."""
+    _patch_download_with_manifests(
+        monkeypatch,
+        tmp_path,
+        {
+            "esphome/A": {
+                "name": "A",
+                "dependencies": [
+                    {"name": "Hash", "version": "https://github.com/o/Hash.git"}
+                ],
+            },
+            "o/Hash": {"name": "Hash"},
+        },
+    )
+    emitted: list[str] = []
+    convert_libraries(
+        [Library("esphome/A", "1.0.0", None)],
+        _backend(emit=lambda c: emitted.append(c.name), provides=lambda name: True),
+    )
+    assert "Skip backend-provided" not in caplog.text
+    assert "using the library bundled" not in caplog.text
+    assert any("o/hash" in n.lower() for n in emitted)
+
+
+def test_versionless_owner_qualified_dependency_warns_despite_provides(
+    tmp_path, monkeypatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """An owner-qualified version-less dependency is not satisfied by
+    provides(); it must still warn."""
+    _patch_download_with_manifests(
+        monkeypatch,
+        tmp_path,
+        {
+            "esphome/A": {
+                "name": "A",
+                "dependencies": [{"name": "Wire", "owner": "Foo"}],
+            }
+        },
+    )
+    convert_libraries(
+        [Library("esphome/A", None, None)],
+        _backend(provides=lambda name: name == "Wire"),
+    )
+    assert "Wire of esphome/A has no version to resolve" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_versionless_provided_dependency_stays_quiet(
+    tmp_path, monkeypatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """An owner-less version-less dependency the backend provides is added
+    by the backend after emit; no reconciliation warning."""
+    _patch_download_with_manifests(
+        monkeypatch,
+        tmp_path,
+        {"esphome/A": {"name": "A", "dependencies": [{"name": "Wire"}]}},
+    )
+    convert_libraries(
+        [Library("esphome/A", None, None)],
+        _backend(provides=lambda name: name == "Wire"),
+    )
+    assert "has no version to resolve" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_versionless_dependency_requested_top_level_stays_quiet(
+    tmp_path, monkeypatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A version-less dependency the config also requests top-level is in
+    the build; no drop warning even without a provides backend."""
+    _patch_download_with_manifests(
+        monkeypatch,
+        tmp_path,
+        {
+            "esphome/A": {"name": "A", "dependencies": [{"name": "Hash"}]},
+            "Hash": {"name": "Hash"},
+        },
+    )
+    convert_libraries(
+        [Library("esphome/A", None, None), Library("Hash", None, None)],
+        _backend(),
+    )
+    assert "has no version to resolve" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_versionless_url_ish_dependency_name_warns_cleanly(
+    tmp_path, monkeypatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A malformed URL-ish dependency name falls to the drop warning, never
+    a RuntimeError out of the key parser."""
+    _patch_download_with_manifests(
+        monkeypatch,
+        tmp_path,
+        {"esphome/A": {"name": "A", "dependencies": [{"name": "file://"}]}},
+    )
+    convert_libraries(
+        [Library("esphome/A", None, None)], _backend(provides=lambda name: False)
+    )
+    assert (
+        "file:// of esphome/A has no version to resolve and nothing provides it"
+        in caplog.text
+    )
+
+
+def test_versionless_dependency_matching_resolved_manifest_name_stays_quiet(
+    tmp_path, monkeypatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A bare name satisfied by an owner-qualified component's manifest
+    name is not a drop."""
+    _patch_download_with_manifests(
+        monkeypatch,
+        tmp_path,
+        {
+            "esphome/A": {"name": "A", "dependencies": [{"name": "B"}]},
+            "esphome/B": {"name": "B"},
+        },
+    )
+    convert_libraries(
+        [Library("esphome/A", None, None), Library("esphome/B", None, None)],
+        _backend(),
+    )
+    assert "has no version to resolve" not in caplog.text
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_prefetch.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_prefetch.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..379ef52ebd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_prefetch.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1805 @@
+"""Tests for the parallel PlatformIO package prefetch."""
+
+import errno
+import inspect
+import json
+import logging
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+import signal
+import sys
+import threading
+from types import SimpleNamespace
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+
+from filelock import Timeout
+from platformio.dependencies import get_core_dependencies
+from platformio.package.manager._install import PackageManagerInstallMixin
+from platformio.package.manager.base import BasePackageManager
+from platformio.package.manager.library import LibraryPackageManager
+from platformio.package.manager.platform import PlatformPackageManager
+from platformio.package.manager.tool import ToolPackageManager
+from platformio.package.meta import PackageCompatibility, PackageSpec
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.core import CORE
+import esphome.platformio.prefetch as pf
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def _core(tmp_path: Path):
+    CORE.reset()
+    CORE.build_path = str(tmp_path)
+    CORE.name = "testenv"
+    saved_bar = os.environ.get("PLATFORMIO_DISABLE_PROGRESSBAR")
+    saved_sigterm = signal.getsignal(signal.SIGTERM)
+    pio_loggers = ("Tool Manager", "Library Manager", "Platform Manager")
+    saved_propagate = {n: pf.logging.getLogger(n).propagate for n in pio_loggers}
+    saved_filters = {n: list(pf.logging.getLogger(n).filters) for n in pio_loggers}
+    # The real setup_log would swap pytest's root-handler formatter
+    with patch("esphome.log.setup_log"):
+        yield
+    # _preinstall and main() set these process-wide; keep the suite hermetic
+    if saved_bar is None:
+        os.environ.pop("PLATFORMIO_DISABLE_PROGRESSBAR", None)
+    else:
+        os.environ["PLATFORMIO_DISABLE_PROGRESSBAR"] = saved_bar
+    signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, saved_sigterm)
+    for n, flag in saved_propagate.items():
+        pf.logging.getLogger(n).propagate = flag
+        pf.logging.getLogger(n).filters[:] = saved_filters[n]
+    CORE.reset()
+
+
+class _FakeSpec(SimpleNamespace):
+    """PackageSpec stand-in for the attributes the prefetch reads."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        uri=None,
+        owner=None,
+        requirements=None,
+        external=False,
+        custom_name=False,
+        **kwargs,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            uri=uri, owner=owner, requirements=requirements, external=external, **kwargs
+        )
+        self._custom_name = custom_name
+
+    def has_custom_name(self) -> bool:
+        return self._custom_name
+
+
+def _fake_manager(tmp_path: Path) -> MagicMock:
+    m = MagicMock()
+    # _resolve and _preinstall construct same-class instances
+    m.__class__ = lambda package_dir=None, **kwargs: m
+    m.get_package.return_value = None
+    m.compatibility = None
+    m.is_builtin_lib.return_value = False
+    m.search_registry_packages.return_value = [{"any": 1}]
+    m.find_best_registry_version.return_value = (
+        {"name": "toolchain-xtensa"},
+        {
+            "name": "2.0.0",
+            "files": [
+                {
+                    "download_url": "https://dl.example/t.tar.gz",
+                    "checksum": {"sha256": "cafe"},
+                    "size": 1000,
+                }
+            ],
+        },
+    )
+    m.pick_compatible_pkg_file.side_effect = lambda files: files[0]
+    m.compute_download_path.side_effect = lambda url, checksum: str(
+        tmp_path / "dl" / f"{abs(hash((url, checksum)))}"
+    )
+    return m
+
+
+def _mirror_patch():
+    return patch.dict(
+        "sys.modules",
+        {
+            "platformio.registry.mirror": SimpleNamespace(
+                RegistryFileMirrorIterator=lambda url: iter(
+                    [("https://mirror.example/t.tar.gz", "beef")]
+                )
+            )
+        },
+    )
+
+
+def test_registry_jobs_resolves_like_platformio(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A registry spec resolves to a job keyed by mirror URL and checksum."""
+    m = _fake_manager(tmp_path)
+    with _mirror_patch():
+        jobs, failed, installable = pf._registry_jobs(
+            m, [_FakeSpec(name="toolchain-xtensa")], set()
+        )
+    assert failed == 0
+    assert len(jobs) == 1
+    assert [n for n, _ in installable] == ["toolchain-xtensa@2.0.0"]
+    name, size, fetch = jobs[0]
+    assert name == "toolchain-xtensa@2.0.0"
+    assert size == 1000
+    m.compute_download_path.assert_called_once_with(
+        "https://mirror.example/t.tar.gz", "beef"
+    )
+    assert callable(fetch)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("method", "attr", "value"),
+    [
+        ("get_package", "return_value", object()),  # already installed
+        ("search_registry_packages", "return_value", []),  # unknown package
+        ("find_best_registry_version", "return_value", (None, None)),  # no match
+        ("pick_compatible_pkg_file", "side_effect", lambda files: None),  # no file
+    ],
+)
+def test_registry_jobs_skips(tmp_path: Path, method, attr, value) -> None:
+    """Entries PlatformIO would not download produce no job."""
+    m = _fake_manager(tmp_path)
+    setattr(getattr(m, method), attr, value)
+    with _mirror_patch():
+        assert pf._registry_jobs(m, [_FakeSpec(name="x")], set()) == (
+            [],
+            0,
+            [],
+        )
+
+
+def test_registry_jobs_skips_cached_and_sizeless(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A cached archive needs no download but is still installable; a
+    sizeless uncached one is left to PlatformIO entirely."""
+    m = _fake_manager(tmp_path)
+    dl = Path(m.compute_download_path("https://mirror.example/t.tar.gz", "beef"))
+    dl.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    dl.touch()
+    with _mirror_patch():
+        jobs, failed, installable = pf._registry_jobs(m, [_FakeSpec(name="x")], set())
+    assert (jobs, failed) == ([], 0)
+    assert [n for n, _ in installable] == ["toolchain-xtensa@2.0.0"]
+    dl.unlink()
+    m.find_best_registry_version.return_value[1]["files"][0]["size"] = 0
+    with _mirror_patch():
+        assert pf._registry_jobs(m, [_FakeSpec(name="x")], set()) == (
+            [],
+            0,
+            [],
+        )
+
+
+def test_registry_jobs_dedupes_download_paths(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Duplicate specs resolve once and one archive yields one job (two
+    workers must never share a .part); nine specs against eight workers
+    also exercise the thread-local manager reuse."""
+    m = _fake_manager(tmp_path)
+    specs = [_FakeSpec(name="dup"), _FakeSpec(name="dup")]
+    specs += [_FakeSpec(name=f"n{i}") for i in range(8)]
+    with _mirror_patch():
+        jobs, failed, _installable = pf._registry_jobs(m, specs, set())
+    # the fake resolves every spec to the same mirror URL and checksum
+    assert failed == 0
+    assert len(jobs) == 1
+    assert m.search_registry_packages.call_count == 9  # dup resolved once
+
+
+def test_registry_jobs_uri_specs_excluded(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """URL specs never reach the registry resolution."""
+    m = _fake_manager(tmp_path)
+    assert pf._registry_jobs(
+        m, [_FakeSpec(uri="https://x/y.zip", name="y")], set()
+    ) == ([], 0, [])
+    m.search_registry_packages.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_registry_jobs_dedup_keeps_distinct_owners(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """platformio/x and pioarduino/x are different packages."""
+    m = _fake_manager(tmp_path)
+    specs = [
+        _FakeSpec(name="framework-x", owner="platformio"),
+        _FakeSpec(name="framework-x", owner="pioarduino"),
+    ]
+    with _mirror_patch():
+        pf._registry_jobs(m, specs, set())
+    assert m.search_registry_packages.call_count == 2
+
+
+def test_registry_jobs_all_failed_warns_once(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A whole-batch failure is a systemic fault and must be visible."""
+    m = _fake_manager(tmp_path)
+    m.search_registry_packages.side_effect = RuntimeError("registry down")
+    with _mirror_patch():
+        jobs, failed, installable = pf._registry_jobs(
+            m,
+            [_FakeSpec(name="a"), _FakeSpec(name="b")],
+            set(),
+        )
+    assert (jobs, failed, installable) == ([], 2, [])
+    # The aggregate warning names a cause so an API break does not read
+    # as a registry outage
+    assert "Could not resolve 2 of 2" in caplog.text
+    assert "registry down" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_uri_fetch_job_promotes_atomically(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Checksum-less URL archives land via a locked staging file and an
+    atomic rename (the stable name is what keeps .part resume working)."""
+    dl_path = tmp_path / "archive"
+
+    def fake_download(url, dest, progress=None, **kwargs):
+        Path(dest).write_bytes(b"data")
+
+    manager = MagicMock()
+    with patch(
+        "esphome.framework_helpers.download_with_resume", side_effect=fake_download
+    ):
+        pf._uri_fetch_job(manager, "https://x/a.zip", dl_path, 4)(lambda done: None)
+    assert dl_path.read_bytes() == b"data"
+    # The archive is handed to pio's usage.db pruner
+    manager.set_download_utime.assert_called_once_with(str(dl_path))
+    # no orphaned staging file; the lock file may or may not persist
+    # (filelock removes it on release on some platforms)
+    leftovers = {f.name for f in tmp_path.iterdir()}
+    assert leftovers - {f"{dl_path.name}.prefetch.lock"} == {dl_path.name}
+
+
+def test_registry_fetch_job_skips_when_cached(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A destination another process completed is not re-downloaded."""
+    dl_path = tmp_path / "archive"
+    dl_path.write_bytes(b"done")
+    with patch("esphome.framework_helpers.download_with_resume") as mock_download:
+        pf._registry_fetch_job(
+            MagicMock(), "https://x/a.tar.gz", dl_path, "ab" * 32, 4
+        )(lambda done: None)
+    mock_download.assert_not_called()
+    assert dl_path.read_bytes() == b"done"
+
+
+def test_registry_fetch_job_downloads_under_lock(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Registry downloads write the shared cache path under the same lock
+    the URL path uses; interleaved writers would corrupt the archive."""
+    dl_path = tmp_path / "archive"
+    order: list[str] = []
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "esphome.framework_helpers.download_with_resume",
+            side_effect=lambda url, dest, progress=None, **kw: (
+                order.append("fetch"),
+                Path(dest).write_bytes(b"data"),  # registration needs a real file
+            ),
+        ),
+        patch(
+            "filelock.FileLock.acquire",
+            side_effect=lambda *a, **k: order.append("lock"),
+        ),
+        patch(
+            "filelock.FileLock.release",
+            side_effect=lambda *a, **k: order.append("unlock"),
+        ),
+    ):
+        manager = MagicMock()
+        pf._registry_fetch_job(manager, "https://x/a.tar.gz", dl_path, "ab" * 32, 4)(
+            lambda done: None
+        )
+    # FileLock.__del__ may add a trailing release; the contract is the order
+    assert order[:2] == ["lock", "fetch"]
+    assert "unlock" in order[2:]
+    manager.set_download_utime.assert_called_once_with(str(dl_path))
+
+
+def test_lockless_filesystem_downloads_unlocked(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A filesystem without lock support (ENOSYS/EPERM) degrades to an
+    unlocked download with one warning, never a per-package failure."""
+    dl_path = tmp_path / "archive"
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers.download_with_resume") as mock_download,
+        patch(
+            "filelock.FileLock.acquire",
+            side_effect=OSError(errno.ENOSYS, "no locks"),
+        ),
+        patch("filelock.FileLock.release"),
+    ):
+        pf._registry_fetch_job(
+            MagicMock(), "https://x/a.tar.gz", dl_path, "ab" * 32, 4
+        )(lambda done: None)
+    mock_download.assert_called_once()
+    assert "downloading unlocked" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_uri_fetch_job_failed_download_keeps_staging(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A failed fetch keeps the .part staging bytes for the next resume."""
+    dl_path = tmp_path / "archive"
+    part = tmp_path / "archive.prefetch.part"
+    part.write_bytes(b"partial")
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "esphome.framework_helpers.download_with_resume",
+            side_effect=OSError("network gone"),
+        ),
+        pytest.raises(OSError, match="network gone"),
+    ):
+        pf._uri_fetch_job(MagicMock(), "https://x/a.zip", dl_path, 4)(lambda done: None)
+    assert part.read_bytes() == b"partial"
+    assert not dl_path.exists()
+
+
+def test_uri_fetch_job_rejects_wrong_length(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A checksum-less body of the wrong length is never published under a
+    cache key pio would trust forever."""
+    dl_path = tmp_path / "archive"
+
+    def fake_download(url, dest, progress=None, **kwargs):
+        Path(dest).write_bytes(b"short")
+
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "esphome.framework_helpers.download_with_resume", side_effect=fake_download
+        ),
+        pytest.raises(ValueError, match="expected 9999 bytes"),
+    ):
+        pf._uri_fetch_job(MagicMock(), "https://x/a.zip", dl_path, 9999)(
+            lambda done: None
+        )
+    assert not dl_path.exists()
+    assert not (tmp_path / "archive.prefetch").exists()
+
+
+def test_sweep_stale_sidecars(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Sidecars past pio's own expiry are pruned; fresh and foreign files
+    stay."""
+    old_time = pf.time.time() - 110
+    stale = tmp_path / "a.tar.gz.part"
+    stale.write_bytes(b"x")
+    os.utime(stale, (old_time, old_time))
+    fresh = tmp_path / "b.tar.gz.part"
+    fresh.write_bytes(b"x")
+    keep = tmp_path / "c.tar.gz"
+    keep.write_bytes(b"x")
+    os.utime(keep, (old_time, old_time))
+    # A held lock can carry an ancient mtime (O_TRUNC keeps it); locks
+    # must never be swept or the single-writer guarantee reopens
+    held_lock = tmp_path / "d.tar.gz.esphome.lock"
+    held_lock.write_bytes(b"")
+    os.utime(held_lock, (old_time, old_time))
+    pf._sweep_stale_sidecars(tmp_path, 100)
+    assert not stale.exists()
+    assert fresh.exists()
+    assert keep.exists()
+    assert held_lock.exists()
+    pf._sweep_stale_sidecars(tmp_path / "missing", 100)  # tolerated
+
+
+def test_register_download_failure_leaves_a_trace(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A failed usage.db registration is traced; an unregistered archive
+    is never pruned, so silence would hide the leak coming back."""
+    manager = MagicMock()
+    manager.set_download_utime.side_effect = RuntimeError("db locked")
+    with caplog.at_level(pf.logging.DEBUG):
+        pf._register_download(manager, tmp_path / "a.tar.gz")
+    assert "Could not register" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_sweep_logs_unprunable_files(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A sidecar that cannot be removed leaves a trace; a sweep that never
+    prunes must not look like a clean sweep."""
+    old_time = pf.time.time() - 110
+    stale = tmp_path / "a.tar.gz.part"
+    stale.write_bytes(b"x")
+    os.utime(stale, (old_time, old_time))
+    with (
+        patch.object(Path, "unlink", side_effect=OSError("busy")),
+        caplog.at_level(pf.logging.DEBUG),
+    ):
+        pf._sweep_stale_sidecars(tmp_path, 100)
+    assert "Could not remove" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_uri_lock_failure_is_a_counted_failure(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """The checksum-less URL path never degrades to an unlocked shared
+    write; interleaved right-length corruption would go undetected."""
+    dl_path = tmp_path / "archive"
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers.download_with_resume") as mock_download,
+        patch(
+            "filelock.FileLock.acquire",
+            side_effect=OSError(errno.ENOSYS, "no locks"),
+        ),
+        pytest.raises(OSError),
+    ):
+        pf._uri_fetch_job(MagicMock(), "https://x/a.zip", dl_path, 4)(lambda done: None)
+    mock_download.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_uri_fetch_job_no_discard_without_a_file(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """When no archive landed (degraded serialized run), the staging bytes
+    stay for the next resume instead of being discarded."""
+    dl_path = tmp_path / "archive"
+    part = tmp_path / "archive.prefetch.part"
+    part.write_bytes(b"partial")
+    with patch.object(pf, "_serialized_fetch_job", return_value=lambda tracker: None):
+        pf._uri_fetch_job(MagicMock(), "https://x/a.zip", dl_path, 4)(lambda done: None)
+    assert part.read_bytes() == b"partial"
+
+
+def test_uri_fetch_job_waits_out_a_briefly_held_lock(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A lock freed within the deadline lets the job proceed normally."""
+    dl_path = tmp_path / "archive"
+
+    def fake_download(url, dest, progress=None, **kwargs):
+        Path(dest).write_bytes(b"data")
+
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "esphome.framework_helpers.download_with_resume", side_effect=fake_download
+        ),
+        patch("filelock.FileLock.acquire", side_effect=[Timeout("held"), None]),
+        patch("filelock.FileLock.release"),
+    ):
+        pf._uri_fetch_job(MagicMock(), "https://x/a.zip", dl_path, 4)(lambda done: None)
+    assert dl_path.read_bytes() == b"data"
+
+
+def test_lock_deadline_leaves_download_to_the_holder(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A lock held past the deadline means another process is fetching the
+    same file; skipping cleanly beats a misleading failure warning. The
+    tracker is still polled so a parked worker observes cancellation."""
+    dl_path = tmp_path / "archive"
+    ticks: list[int] = []
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers.download_with_resume") as mock_download,
+        patch("filelock.FileLock.acquire", side_effect=Timeout("held")),
+        patch.object(pf, "_DOWNLOAD_LOCK_TIMEOUT", 0),
+    ):
+        pf._uri_fetch_job(MagicMock(), "https://x/a.zip", dl_path, 4)(ticks.append)
+    mock_download.assert_not_called()
+    assert ticks == [0]
+    assert not dl_path.exists()
+
+
+def test_registry_lock_deadline_skips_registration(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A registry job that lost the download race to another process
+    must not stamp a nonexistent archive into pio's usage.db."""
+    manager = MagicMock()
+    dl_path = tmp_path / "archive"
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers.download_with_resume") as mock_download,
+        patch("filelock.FileLock.acquire", side_effect=Timeout("held")),
+        patch.object(pf, "_DOWNLOAD_LOCK_TIMEOUT", 0),
+    ):
+        pf._registry_fetch_job(manager, "https://x/a.tar.gz", dl_path, "ab" * 32, 4)(
+            lambda done: None
+        )
+    mock_download.assert_not_called()
+    manager.set_download_utime.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_main_interrupt_exits_quietly(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Ctrl-C reaches the child via the shared process group; it must exit
+    without a traceback."""
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.log.setup_log"),
+        patch.object(pf, "_prefetch", side_effect=KeyboardInterrupt),
+    ):
+        assert pf.main([str(tmp_path), "testenv"]) == 130
+
+
+def test_main_bad_log_level_falls_back(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    with (
+        patch.dict("os.environ", {"ESPHOME_PREFETCH_LOG_LEVEL": "verbose"}),
+        patch("esphome.log.setup_log") as mock_setup,
+        patch.object(pf, "_prefetch"),
+    ):
+        assert pf.main([str(tmp_path), "testenv"]) == 0
+    assert mock_setup.call_args[0][0] == pf.logging.INFO
+
+
+def test_main_silences_pio_manager_propagation(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """The pio manager loggers carry their own handler; propagation to
+    the root handler would print every install line twice."""
+    with patch("esphome.log.setup_log"), patch.object(pf, "_prefetch"):
+        assert pf.main([str(tmp_path), "testenv"]) == 0
+    for name in ("Tool Manager", "Library Manager", "Platform Manager"):
+        assert pf.logging.getLogger(name).propagate is False
+
+
+def test_main_quiet_level_reaches_pio_manager_loggers(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Manager construction re-pins its logger to INFO, so a quiet run
+    needs the logger-level filter to keep per-package lines out."""
+    with (
+        patch.dict("os.environ", {"ESPHOME_PREFETCH_LOG_LEVEL": "30"}),
+        patch("esphome.log.setup_log"),
+        patch.object(pf, "_prefetch"),
+    ):
+        assert pf.main([str(tmp_path), "testenv"]) == 0
+    lib_logger = pf.logging.getLogger("Library Manager")
+    lib_logger.setLevel(pf.logging.INFO)  # what pio's _setup_logger does
+    info = pf.logging.LogRecord("Library Manager", 20, __file__, 1, "x", (), None)
+    warning = pf.logging.LogRecord("Library Manager", 30, __file__, 1, "x", (), None)
+    # Logger.filter returns falsy to drop, the record itself to pass
+    assert not lib_logger.filter(info)
+    assert lib_logger.filter(warning)
+
+
+def test_main_mirrors_parent_log_setup(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """The child adopts the parent's dashboard flag and log formatter so
+    its warnings and progress bar match the parent's."""
+    with (
+        patch.dict(
+            "os.environ",
+            {"ESPHOME_PREFETCH_LOG_LEVEL": "30", "ESPHOME_PREFETCH_DASHBOARD": "1"},
+        ),
+        patch("esphome.log.setup_log") as mock_setup,
+        patch.object(pf, "_prefetch"),
+    ):
+        assert pf.main([str(tmp_path), "testenv"]) == 0
+    mock_setup.assert_called_once_with(30)
+    assert CORE.dashboard is True
+
+
+def test_uri_fetch_job_skips_when_another_process_won(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A lost race discards the staging files; the cache never prunes them."""
+    dl_path = tmp_path / "archive"
+    dl_path.write_bytes(b"done")
+    stale = [
+        tmp_path / "archive.prefetch",
+        tmp_path / "archive.prefetch.part",
+        tmp_path / "archive.prefetch.part.meta",
+    ]
+    for f in stale:
+        f.write_bytes(b"stale")
+    with patch("esphome.framework_helpers.download_with_resume") as mock_download:
+        pf._uri_fetch_job(MagicMock(), "https://x/a.zip", dl_path, 4)(lambda done: None)
+    mock_download.assert_not_called()
+    assert dl_path.read_bytes() == b"done"
+    assert not any(f.exists() for f in stale)
+
+
+def test_registry_jobs_one_bad_spec_keeps_the_rest(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A flaky resolution counts as failed without discarding the batch."""
+    m = _fake_manager(tmp_path)
+    m.search_registry_packages.side_effect = [
+        RuntimeError("registry 500"),
+        [{"any": 1}],
+    ]
+    with _mirror_patch():
+        jobs, failed, installable = pf._registry_jobs(
+            m,
+            [_FakeSpec(name="flaky"), _FakeSpec(name="good")],
+            set(),
+        )
+    assert failed == 1
+    assert len(jobs) == 1
+    assert len(installable) == 1
+
+
+def test_uri_jobs_head_sizes_the_bar(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """HEAD sizes direct-URL specs; git and unreachable URLs are skipped."""
+    m = _fake_manager(tmp_path)
+    resp = MagicMock()
+    resp.headers = {"content-length": "2222"}
+    with patch("esphome.net_retry.http_request", return_value=resp):
+        jobs, failed, installable = pf._uri_jobs(
+            m,
+            [
+                _FakeSpec(uri="https://x/big.zip", name="big", custom_name=True),
+                _FakeSpec(uri="git+https://x/repo.git", name="repo"),
+                _FakeSpec(uri="https://x/repo.git#v1", name="barevcs"),
+                _FakeSpec(name="registry"),
+            ],
+            set(),
+        )
+    assert failed == 0
+    assert [(n, s) for n, s, _ in jobs] == [("big", 2222)]
+    assert [n for n, _ in installable] == ["big"]
+    # a successful HEAD with no Content-Length is a clean skip
+    resp.headers = {}
+    with patch("esphome.net_retry.http_request", return_value=resp):
+        assert pf._uri_jobs(
+            m, [_FakeSpec(uri="https://x/nolen.zip", name="nolen")], set()
+        ) == ([], 0, [])
+
+
+def test_uri_jobs_head_failure_counts_as_unresolved(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """Network errors and transient statuses count as unresolved (and warn);
+    any permanent error status is a clean skip so the sentinel can still
+    be written (pio run names a broken URL when it downloads)."""
+    m = _fake_manager(tmp_path)
+    spec = [_FakeSpec(uri="https://x/a.zip", name="a")]
+    with patch("esphome.net_retry.http_request", side_effect=OSError("no route")):
+        assert pf._uri_jobs(m, spec, set()) == ([], 1, [])
+    resp = MagicMock(ok=False, status_code=503)
+    resp.headers = {"content-length": "999"}
+    with patch("esphome.net_retry.http_request", return_value=resp):
+        assert pf._uri_jobs(m, spec, set()) == ([], 1, [])
+    # 403 is how registries rate-limit; it must not be cached as warm
+    resp = MagicMock(ok=False, status_code=403)
+    resp.headers = {"content-length": "999"}
+    with patch("esphome.net_retry.http_request", return_value=resp):
+        assert pf._uri_jobs(m, spec, set()) == ([], 1, [])
+    resp = MagicMock(ok=False, status_code=405)
+    resp.headers = {"content-length": "999"}
+    with patch("esphome.net_retry.http_request", return_value=resp):
+        assert pf._uri_jobs(m, spec, set()) == ([], 0, [])
+    assert "HEAD https://x/a.zip" not in caplog.text
+    resp = MagicMock(ok=False, status_code=404)
+    resp.headers = {"content-length": "999"}
+    with patch("esphome.net_retry.http_request", return_value=resp):
+        assert pf._uri_jobs(m, spec, set()) == ([], 0, [])
+    assert "returned 404" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_uri_jobs_dedupes_duplicate_urls(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Two specs with one URL yield one HEAD and one job."""
+    m = _fake_manager(tmp_path)
+    resp = MagicMock()
+    resp.headers = {"content-length": "5"}
+    with patch("esphome.net_retry.http_request", return_value=resp) as mock_head:
+        jobs, failed, _installable = pf._uri_jobs(
+            m,
+            [
+                _FakeSpec(uri="https://x/a.zip", name="a"),
+                _FakeSpec(uri="https://x/a.zip", name="a"),
+            ],
+            set(),
+        )
+    assert failed == 0
+    assert len(jobs) == 1
+    mock_head.assert_called_once()
+
+
+def test_uri_jobs_skips_installed_cached_and_seen(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    m = _fake_manager(tmp_path)
+    m.get_package.return_value = object()
+    spec = [_FakeSpec(uri="https://x/a.zip", name="a", custom_name=True)]
+    assert pf._uri_jobs(m, spec, set()) == ([], 0, [])
+    m.get_package.return_value = None
+    dl = Path(m.compute_download_path("https://x/a.zip", ""))
+    dl.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    dl.touch()
+    # cached: no download job, but still installable
+    jobs, failed, installable = pf._uri_jobs(m, spec, set())
+    assert (jobs, failed) == ([], 0)
+    assert [n for n, _ in installable] == ["a"]
+    dl.unlink()
+    # a registry job already claimed this download path
+    assert pf._uri_jobs(m, spec, {str(dl)}) == ([], 0, [])
+
+
+def test_prefetch_spawns_isolated_subprocess(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Heal runs first, then the subprocess spawns with pio run's libdeps
+    dir and the parent's PYTHONPATH preserved (the child is esphome)."""
+    proc = MagicMock()
+    proc.wait.return_value = 0
+    order = MagicMock()
+    order.run.return_value = proc
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "esphome.platformio.toolchain.heal_platformio_python_env",
+            order.heal,
+        ),
+        patch.object(pf.subprocess, "Popen", order.run) as mock_run,
+        patch.dict("os.environ", {"PYTHONPATH": "/leak"}),
+    ):
+        pf.prefetch_platformio_packages()
+    assert [c[0] for c in order.mock_calls[:2]] == ["heal", "run"]
+    (cmd,), kwargs = mock_run.call_args
+    assert cmd == [
+        sys.executable,
+        "-m",
+        "esphome.platformio.prefetch",
+        str(CORE.build_path),
+        "testenv",
+    ]
+    assert kwargs["env"]["PLATFORMIO_LIBDEPS_DIR"] == str(
+        CORE.relative_piolibdeps_path().absolute()
+    )
+    # The child is esphome itself; PYTHONPATH must survive so it imports
+    # the same tree (tests/integration pins the source tree through it)
+    assert kwargs["env"]["PYTHONPATH"] == "/leak"
+    assert "ESPHOME_PREFETCH_DASHBOARD" not in kwargs["env"]
+    proc.wait.assert_called_once_with(timeout=pf._PREFETCH_TIMEOUT)
+
+
+def test_stop_child_windows_never_terminates() -> None:
+    """The Windows TerminateProcess cannot reach the SIGTERM handler, so
+    the graceful arm becomes a plain longer wait."""
+    proc = MagicMock()
+    proc.wait.side_effect = [pf.subprocess.TimeoutExpired("x", 1), 0]
+    with patch.object(pf.sys, "platform", "win32"):
+        pf._stop_child(proc)
+    proc.terminate.assert_not_called()
+    proc.kill.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_stop_child_surviving_child_warns(caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture) -> None:
+    """A child that outlives kill() may still be writing packages pio run
+    trusts; that must be visible at default verbosity."""
+    timeout = pf.subprocess.TimeoutExpired("cmd", 5)
+    proc = MagicMock()
+    proc.poll.return_value = None  # still running: the wait is announced
+    proc.wait.side_effect = [timeout, timeout, timeout]
+    with (
+        patch.object(pf.sys, "platform", "linux"),
+        caplog.at_level(pf.logging.INFO),
+    ):
+        pf._stop_child(proc)
+    assert "Waiting for the prefetch child" in caplog.text
+    assert "could not be confirmed stopped" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_dependency_entries_isolate_a_bad_manifest(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """One unreadable manifest skips that entry only, never the group."""
+    m = _fake_manager(tmp_path)
+    m.get_package.side_effect = lambda spec: (
+        SimpleNamespace(spec=spec)
+        if getattr(spec, "name", "") in ("bad", "good")
+        else None
+    )
+
+    def deps_for(pkg):
+        if pkg.spec.name == "bad":
+            raise RuntimeError("manifest unreadable")
+        return [{"owner": "o", "name": "dep", "version": "^1"}]
+
+    m.get_pkg_dependencies.side_effect = deps_for
+    m.dependency_to_spec.side_effect = lambda dep: _FakeSpec(name=dep["name"])
+    entries = pf._dependency_entries(
+        m,
+        [
+            ("bad@1", _FakeSpec(name="bad")),
+            ("good@1", _FakeSpec(name="good")),
+        ],
+        set(),
+    )
+    assert [name for name, *_ in entries] == ["dep"]
+
+
+def test_dependency_entries_skip_nameless_spec(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A dependency whose spec has no name has no destination identity;
+    the drop is diagnosable under -v."""
+    m = _fake_manager(tmp_path)
+    m.get_package.side_effect = lambda spec: (
+        SimpleNamespace(spec=spec) if getattr(spec, "name", "") == "top" else None
+    )
+    m.get_pkg_dependencies.return_value = [{"owner": "o", "version": "^1"}]
+    m.dependency_to_spec.side_effect = lambda dep: _FakeSpec(name=None)
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.DEBUG):
+        assert (
+            pf._dependency_entries(m, [("top@1", _FakeSpec(name="top"))], set()) == []
+        )
+    assert "has no name; left to pio run" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_dependency_entries_filter_seen_names(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A dependency already waved under its name is not queued again."""
+    m = _fake_manager(tmp_path)
+    m.get_package.side_effect = lambda spec: (
+        SimpleNamespace(spec=spec) if getattr(spec, "name", "") == "top" else None
+    )
+    m.get_pkg_dependencies.return_value = [
+        {"owner": "o", "name": "dep", "version": "^1"}
+    ]
+    m.dependency_to_spec.side_effect = lambda dep: _FakeSpec(name=dep["name"])
+    assert pf._dependency_entries(m, [("top@1", _FakeSpec(name="top"))], {"dep"}) == []
+
+
+def test_preinstall_cleanup_cannot_displace_the_inflight_error(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
+    """A failing unlock or cwd restore must not replace the pool's own
+    exception (SIGTERM's SystemExit included) with a downgradeable one."""
+    m = _fake_manager(tmp_path)
+    m._install.side_effect = SystemExit(143)
+    m.unlock.side_effect = RuntimeError("flock broke")
+    real_chdir = pf.os.chdir
+    monkeypatch.setattr(pf.os, "chdir", MagicMock(side_effect=OSError("cwd removed")))
+    try:
+        with pytest.raises(SystemExit):
+            pf._preinstall(m, [("a@1", _FakeSpec(name="a"))])
+    finally:
+        monkeypatch.setattr(pf.os, "chdir", real_chdir)
+    assert "Could not release the manager lock" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_preinstall_memcache_failure_leaves_a_trace(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A failing cache reset warns and skips the dependency wave; the
+    wave itself still completes."""
+    m = _fake_manager(tmp_path)
+    m.memcache_reset.side_effect = RuntimeError("cache broken")
+    pf._preinstall(m, [("a@1", _FakeSpec(name="a"))])
+    assert "Could not reset the storage cache" in caplog.text
+    assert "Skipping the dependency wave" in caplog.text
+    m.get_pkg_dependencies.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_prefetch_wait_failure_degrades(caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture) -> None:
+    """An unexpected wait() failure warns and continues; the prefetch must
+    never become a new way for the build to fail."""
+    proc = MagicMock()
+    proc.wait.side_effect = [RuntimeError("wait broke"), 0]
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.platformio.toolchain.heal_platformio_python_env"),
+        patch.object(pf.subprocess, "Popen", return_value=proc),
+    ):
+        pf.prefetch_platformio_packages()
+    assert "prefetch skipped" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_preinstall_stuck_lock_skips_dependency_wave(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A failed unlock leaves the lock state unknown; the recursive wave
+    would install under a lock() that silently no-ops."""
+    m = _fake_manager(tmp_path)
+    m.unlock.side_effect = RuntimeError("flock broke")
+    pf._preinstall(m, [("a@1", _FakeSpec(name="a"))])
+    assert "Skipping the dependency wave" in caplog.text
+    m.get_pkg_dependencies.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_preinstall_lost_cwd_warns_and_skips_wave(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A failed cwd restore is process-global state loss: it warns and
+    the rest is left to pio run from a clean process."""
+    m = _fake_manager(tmp_path)
+    with patch.object(pf.os, "chdir", side_effect=OSError("cwd gone")):
+        pf._preinstall(m, [("a@1", _FakeSpec(name="a"))])
+    assert "Could not restore the working dir" in caplog.text
+    assert "Skipping the dependency wave" in caplog.text
+    m.get_pkg_dependencies.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_stop_child_interrupted_and_still_alive_warns(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """An interrupt triggers a best-effort kill, warns when the child
+    cannot be confirmed dead, and re-raises so the build aborts."""
+    proc = MagicMock()
+    proc.wait.side_effect = KeyboardInterrupt()
+    proc.poll.return_value = None
+    with pytest.raises(KeyboardInterrupt):
+        pf._stop_child(proc)
+    proc.kill.assert_called_once_with()
+    assert "could not be confirmed stopped" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_uri_derived_name_spec_downloads_but_never_installs(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A URL spec whose name is derived from the URI installs into a dir
+    named by the archive manifest, not the derived name; its archive is
+    prefetched, but the install stays with pio run."""
+    m = _fake_manager(tmp_path)
+    resp = MagicMock(ok=True)
+    resp.headers = {"content-length": "4"}
+    with patch("esphome.net_retry.http_request", return_value=resp):
+        jobs, failed, installable = pf._uri_jobs(
+            m, [_FakeSpec(uri="https://x/v1.zip", name="v1")], set()
+        )
+    assert failed == 0
+    assert len(jobs) == 1  # still prefetched
+    assert installable == []
+    # Cached-from-an-earlier-run archives are skipped the same way
+    dl = Path(m.compute_download_path("https://x/v1.zip", ""))
+    dl.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    dl.touch()
+    assert pf._uri_jobs(m, [_FakeSpec(uri="https://x/v1.zip", name="v1")], set()) == (
+        [],
+        0,
+        [],
+    )
+
+
+def test_dependency_entries_warn_when_all_reads_fail(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """Every manifest read failing is a systematic fault (a pio API
+    break), not one bad package; the waves must not vanish silently."""
+    m = _fake_manager(tmp_path)
+    m.get_package.side_effect = lambda spec: SimpleNamespace(spec=spec)
+    m.get_pkg_dependencies.side_effect = RuntimeError("api break")
+    assert (
+        pf._dependency_entries(
+            m,
+            [
+                ("a@1", _FakeSpec(name="a")),
+                ("b@1", _FakeSpec(name="b")),
+            ],
+            set(),
+        )
+        == []
+    )
+    assert "Could not read dependencies of 2 of 2" in caplog.text
+
+
+def _proc(wait_effect) -> MagicMock:
+    proc = MagicMock()
+    if isinstance(wait_effect, BaseException):
+        proc.wait.side_effect = [wait_effect, 0]
+    else:
+        proc.wait.return_value = wait_effect
+    return proc
+
+
+def test_prefetch_passes_dashboard_flag(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """The dashboard flag reaches the child so its bar still draws."""
+    CORE.dashboard = True
+    proc = MagicMock()
+    proc.wait.return_value = 0
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.platformio.toolchain.heal_platformio_python_env"),
+        patch.object(pf.subprocess, "Popen", return_value=proc) as mock_popen,
+    ):
+        pf.prefetch_platformio_packages()
+    assert mock_popen.call_args[1]["env"]["ESPHOME_PREFETCH_DASHBOARD"] == "1"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("wait_effect", "spawn_error", "expected"),
+    [
+        ("timeout", None, "prefetch timed out"),
+        (4, None, "prefetch skipped (exit 4)"),
+        # Exit 1 is the interpreter's own import-failure code, never quiet
+        (1, None, "prefetch skipped (exit 1)"),
+        (None, OSError("no exec"), "PlatformIO package prefetch skipped"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_prefetch_spawn_failures_warn_and_continue(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture, wait_effect, spawn_error, expected
+) -> None:
+    """Timeouts, nonzero exits, and spawn failures each warn, never raise;
+    a timed-out child is stopped gracefully. The mock is built per test:
+    a collection-time mock's consumable side_effect breaks reruns."""
+    if spawn_error is not None:
+        popen_effect = {"side_effect": spawn_error}
+    elif wait_effect == "timeout":
+        popen_effect = {
+            "return_value": _proc(
+                pf.subprocess.TimeoutExpired("cmd", pf._PREFETCH_TIMEOUT)
+            )
+        }
+    else:
+        popen_effect = {"return_value": _proc(wait_effect)}
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.platformio.toolchain.heal_platformio_python_env"),
+        patch.object(pf.subprocess, "Popen", **popen_effect),
+    ):
+        pf.prefetch_platformio_packages()
+    assert expected in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_stop_child_waits_terminates_then_kills() -> None:
+    """The stop sequence waits for a self-unwinding child first, then
+    SIGTERMs, and kills only a child that will not stop. The platform is
+    pinned: on Windows the terminate arm is deliberately skipped."""
+    timeout = pf.subprocess.TimeoutExpired("cmd", 5)
+    with patch.object(pf.sys, "platform", "linux"):
+        # Child already unwinding from its own SIGINT: no signals at all
+        proc = MagicMock()
+        proc.wait.return_value = 0
+        pf._stop_child(proc)
+        proc.terminate.assert_not_called()
+        # Child needs the SIGTERM unwind
+        proc = MagicMock()
+        proc.wait.side_effect = [timeout, 0]
+        pf._stop_child(proc)
+        proc.terminate.assert_called_once_with()
+        proc.kill.assert_not_called()
+    # Child ignoring SIGTERM is killed with a bounded reap
+    proc = MagicMock()
+    proc.wait.side_effect = [timeout, timeout, 0]
+    pf._stop_child(proc)
+    proc.kill.assert_called_once_with()
+    # An interrupt mid-stop re-raises so the build aborts
+    proc = MagicMock()
+    proc.wait.side_effect = KeyboardInterrupt()
+    with pytest.raises(KeyboardInterrupt):
+        pf._stop_child(proc)
+
+
+def test_preinstall_failure_removes_torn_destination(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A failed install removes whatever get_package can see so pio run
+    genuinely reinstalls it; a cleanup failure warns."""
+    m = _fake_manager(tmp_path)
+    m._install.side_effect = RuntimeError("postinstall failed")
+    # cleanup lookup first, then the dependency-wave lookup
+    m.get_package.side_effect = [SimpleNamespace(path=str(tmp_path / "torn")), None]
+    removed: list[str] = []
+    with patch.object(pf, "rmtree", side_effect=removed.append):
+        pf._preinstall(m, [("bad@1", _FakeSpec(name="bad"))])
+    assert removed == [str(tmp_path / "torn")]
+
+
+def test_preinstall_system_exit_still_cleans(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A worker SystemExit runs the torn cleanup before propagating."""
+    m = _fake_manager(tmp_path)
+    m._install.side_effect = SystemExit(143)
+    m.get_package.side_effect = [SimpleNamespace(path=str(tmp_path / "torn")), None]
+    removed: list[str] = []
+    with (
+        patch.object(pf, "rmtree", side_effect=removed.append),
+        pytest.raises(SystemExit),
+    ):
+        pf._preinstall(m, [("bad@1", _FakeSpec(name="bad"))])
+    assert removed == [str(tmp_path / "torn")]
+
+
+def test_preinstall_stuck_tree_drops_metadata(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """An unremovable torn tree loses its .piopm so pio run reinstalls
+    it instead of trusting it forever."""
+    m = _fake_manager(tmp_path)
+    m._install.side_effect = RuntimeError("boom")
+    torn = tmp_path / "torn"
+    torn.mkdir()
+    (torn / ".piopm").write_text("{}")
+    m.get_package.side_effect = [SimpleNamespace(path=str(torn)), None]
+    with patch.object(pf, "rmtree", side_effect=OSError("busy")):
+        pf._preinstall(m, [("bad@1", _FakeSpec(name="bad"))])
+    assert not (torn / ".piopm").exists()
+    assert torn.exists()  # tidiness is best-effort; metadata is the invariant
+
+
+def test_preinstall_cleanup_failure_warns(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    m = _fake_manager(tmp_path)
+    m._install.side_effect = RuntimeError("boom")
+    m.get_package.side_effect = [OSError("scan failed"), None]
+    pf._preinstall(m, [("bad@1", _FakeSpec(name="bad"))])
+    assert "Could not remove the failed install of bad@1" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_dependency_entries_honor_compatibility(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A dependency pio's install_dependency would skip as incompatible is
+    not pre-installed either."""
+    m = _fake_manager(tmp_path)
+    m.compatibility = PackageCompatibility(platforms=["espressif32"])
+    # only the top-level entry is installed; the deps are not
+    m.get_package.side_effect = lambda spec: (
+        SimpleNamespace(spec=spec) if getattr(spec, "name", "") == "top" else None
+    )
+    m.get_pkg_dependencies.return_value = [
+        {"owner": "o", "name": "espdep", "version": "^1", "platforms": ["espressif32"]},
+        {"owner": "o", "name": "avrdep", "version": "^1", "platforms": ["atmelavr"]},
+    ]
+    m.dependency_to_spec.side_effect = lambda dep: _FakeSpec(name=dep["name"])
+    entries = pf._dependency_entries(m, [("top@1", _FakeSpec(name="top"))], set())
+    assert [name for name, *_ in entries] == ["espdep"]
+
+
+def test_dependency_entries_skip_builtin_libs(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """An owner-less versioned dep naming a framework builtin (the dict
+    manifest form of SPI/Wire) is skipped like pio's install_dependency;
+    a registry copy would shadow the bundled library."""
+    m = _fake_manager(tmp_path)
+    m.is_builtin_lib.side_effect = lambda name: name == "SPI"
+    m.get_package.side_effect = lambda spec: (
+        SimpleNamespace(spec=spec) if getattr(spec, "name", "") == "top" else None
+    )
+    m.get_pkg_dependencies.return_value = [
+        {"name": "SPI", "version": "*"},
+        {"name": "realdep", "version": "^1"},
+    ]
+    m.dependency_to_spec.side_effect = lambda dep: _FakeSpec(name=dep["name"])
+    entries = pf._dependency_entries(m, [("top@1", _FakeSpec(name="top"))], set())
+    assert [name for name, *_ in entries] == ["realdep"]
+
+
+def test_prefetch_interrupt_stops_child_gracefully() -> None:
+    """On Ctrl-C the stop sequence waits first; a child that exits on its
+    own is never signalled, and the interrupt re-raises."""
+    proc = MagicMock()
+    proc.wait.side_effect = [KeyboardInterrupt(), 0]
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.platformio.toolchain.heal_platformio_python_env"),
+        patch.object(pf.subprocess, "Popen", return_value=proc),
+        pytest.raises(KeyboardInterrupt),
+    ):
+        pf.prefetch_platformio_packages()
+    # the stop sequence's first wait saw the child exit on its own
+    proc.terminate.assert_not_called()
+    proc.kill.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_prefetch_child_handled_failure_is_quiet(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """Exit _EXIT_HANDLED (3) means the child already warned with the
+    reason; the parent adds no second warning."""
+    proc = MagicMock()
+    proc.wait.return_value = pf._EXIT_HANDLED
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.platformio.toolchain.heal_platformio_python_env"),
+        patch.object(pf.subprocess, "Popen", return_value=proc),
+    ):
+        pf.prefetch_platformio_packages()
+    assert "prefetch skipped" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_main_guards_and_exits_nonzero(caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture) -> None:
+    """A swallowed failure still reaches the parent as a nonzero exit; the
+    parent warns and continues, never failing the build."""
+    with patch.object(pf, "_prefetch", side_effect=RuntimeError("boom")):
+        assert pf.main(["/b", "testenv"]) == pf._EXIT_HANDLED
+    assert "PlatformIO package prefetch skipped" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_main_runs_prefetch(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    with patch.object(pf, "_prefetch") as mock_prefetch:
+        assert pf.main([str(tmp_path), "testenv"]) == 0
+    mock_prefetch.assert_called_once_with(tmp_path, "testenv")
+
+
+def test_main_bad_argv_is_a_distinct_exit(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A parent/child wiring bug must not look like a network failure."""
+    with patch.object(pf, "_prefetch") as mock_prefetch:
+        assert pf.main(["only-one"]) == 2
+    mock_prefetch.assert_not_called()
+    assert "prefetch usage" in caplog.text
+
+
+def _write_ini(tmp_path: Path, body: str) -> None:
+    (tmp_path / "platformio.ini").write_text(body)
+
+
+def _write_valid_sentinel(tmp_path: Path, dirs: list[str]) -> None:
+    (tmp_path / pf._SENTINEL_NAME).write_text(
+        json.dumps({**pf._sentinel_state(tmp_path), "dirs": dirs}), encoding="utf-8"
+    )
+
+
+def test_prefetch_no_platform_returns(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    _write_ini(tmp_path, "[env:testenv]\n")
+    with patch.object(pf, "_registry_jobs") as mock_jobs:
+        pf._prefetch(tmp_path, "testenv")
+    mock_jobs.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def _pio_modules(tmp_path: Path, fake_platform, fake_pm, config, lib_captures=None):
+    # A bare MagicMock's get_download_dir would fspath to '' and point the
+    # sidecar sweep at the process cwd
+    fake_pm.get_download_dir.return_value = str(tmp_path / "downloads")
+    fake_pm.DOWNLOAD_CACHE_EXPIRE = 86400 * 30
+
+    def fake_lib_manager(storage_dir, **kwargs):
+        if lib_captures is not None:
+            lib_captures.append(storage_dir)
+        return _fake_manager(tmp_path)
+
+    modules = {
+        "platformio": MagicMock(),
+        "platformio.app": MagicMock(),
+        "platformio.project": MagicMock(),
+        "platformio.project.config": MagicMock(),
+        "platformio.dependencies": SimpleNamespace(
+            get_core_dependencies=lambda: {
+                "tool-scons": "~4.0",
+                "contrib-piohome": "~3",
+            }
+        ),
+        "platformio.package": MagicMock(),
+        "platformio.package.manager": MagicMock(),
+        "platformio.package.manager.library": SimpleNamespace(
+            LibraryPackageManager=fake_lib_manager
+        ),
+        "platformio.package.manager.platform": SimpleNamespace(
+            PlatformPackageManager=lambda: fake_pm
+        ),
+        "platformio.package.meta": SimpleNamespace(
+            PackageSpec=lambda *a, **kw: _FakeSpec(
+                uri=None,
+                name=kw.get("name") or (a[0] if a else None),
+                owner=kw.get("owner")
+                or (str(a[0]).split("/")[0] if a and "/" in str(a[0]) else None),
+                external=bool(a and "://" in str(a[0])),
+            ),
+            PackageCompatibility=SimpleNamespace,
+        ),
+        "platformio.platform": MagicMock(),
+        "platformio.platform.factory": SimpleNamespace(
+            PlatformFactory=SimpleNamespace(new=lambda pkg: fake_platform)
+        ),
+    }
+    modules[
+        "platformio.project.config"
+    ].ProjectConfig.get_instance.return_value = config
+    return modules
+
+
+def _fake_config(tmp_path: Path, env_options: dict):
+    config = MagicMock()
+    options = {
+        "libdeps_dir": str(tmp_path / "libdeps"),
+        "packages_dir": str(tmp_path / "packages"),
+        **env_options,
+    }
+    config.get.side_effect = lambda section, key, default=None: options.get(
+        key, default
+    )
+    return config
+
+
+def test_prefetch_all_cached_is_quiet_and_writes_sentinel(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A no-work run neither logs nor batches, and records the sentinel."""
+    _write_ini(tmp_path, "[env:testenv]\nplatform = fake/p@1\n")
+    (tmp_path / "packages").mkdir()
+    (tmp_path / "libdeps" / "testenv").mkdir(parents=True)
+    fake_platform = MagicMock()
+    fake_platform.packages = {}
+    config = _fake_config(
+        tmp_path, {"platform": "fake/p@1", "lib_deps": ["esphome/noise-c@1.0"]}
+    )
+    modules = _pio_modules(tmp_path, fake_platform, MagicMock(), config)
+    with (
+        patch.dict("sys.modules", modules),
+        patch.object(pf, "_registry_jobs", return_value=([], 0, [])),
+        patch.object(pf, "_uri_jobs", return_value=([], 0, [])),
+        patch.object(pf, "run_batch_downloads") as mock_batch,
+        patch.object(pf, "_preinstall") as mock_install,
+    ):
+        pf._prefetch(tmp_path, "testenv")
+    mock_batch.assert_not_called()
+    mock_install.assert_not_called()
+    assert pf._prefetch_is_warm(tmp_path)
+
+
+def test_prefetch_failed_resolution_is_not_cached_as_warm(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A registry outage must not write the sentinel."""
+    _write_ini(tmp_path, "[env:testenv]\nplatform = fake/p@1\n")
+    (tmp_path / "packages").mkdir()
+    fake_platform = MagicMock()
+    fake_platform.packages = {}
+    config = _fake_config(tmp_path, {"platform": "fake/p@1"})
+    modules = _pio_modules(tmp_path, fake_platform, MagicMock(), config)
+    with (
+        patch.dict("sys.modules", modules),
+        patch.object(pf, "_registry_jobs", return_value=([], 1, [])),
+        patch.object(pf, "_uri_jobs", return_value=([], 0, [])),
+        patch.object(pf, "run_batch_downloads") as mock_batch,
+    ):
+        pf._prefetch(tmp_path, "testenv")
+    mock_batch.assert_not_called()
+    assert not (tmp_path / pf._SENTINEL_NAME).exists()
+
+
+def test_sentinel_invalidation(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Ini changes, missing dirs, and garbage sentinels all read as cold."""
+    _write_ini(tmp_path, "[env:testenv]\nplatform = fake/p@1\n")
+    pkg_dir = tmp_path / "packages"
+    pkg_dir.mkdir()
+    assert not pf._prefetch_is_warm(tmp_path)  # no sentinel yet
+    _write_valid_sentinel(tmp_path, [str(pkg_dir)])
+    assert pf._prefetch_is_warm(tmp_path)
+    _write_ini(tmp_path, "[env:testenv]\nplatform = fake/p@2\n")
+    assert not pf._prefetch_is_warm(tmp_path)  # ini changed
+    _write_ini(tmp_path, "[env:testenv]\nplatform = fake/p@1\n")
+    pkg_dir.rmdir()
+    assert not pf._prefetch_is_warm(tmp_path)  # recorded dir gone
+    (tmp_path / pf._SENTINEL_NAME).write_text("not json", encoding="utf-8")
+    assert not pf._prefetch_is_warm(tmp_path)
+
+
+def test_prefetch_warm_sentinel_skips_spawn(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A valid sentinel skips the subprocess entirely."""
+    _write_ini(tmp_path, "[env:testenv]\nplatform = fake/p@1\n")
+    pkg_dir = tmp_path / "packages"
+    pkg_dir.mkdir()
+    _write_valid_sentinel(tmp_path, [str(pkg_dir)])
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.platformio.toolchain.heal_platformio_python_env"),
+        patch.object(pf.subprocess, "Popen") as mock_popen,
+    ):
+        pf.prefetch_platformio_packages()
+    mock_popen.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_prefetch_end_to_end_wiring(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """Platform installs dep-free, non-optional packages plus tool-scons
+    resolve, libraries use the env libdeps dir, a platform sys.path rewrite
+    is undone, and failures warn by name."""
+    _write_ini(tmp_path, "[env:testenv]\nplatform = fake/platform@1.0\n")
+    fake_platform = MagicMock()
+    fake_platform.packages = {
+        "toolchain-x": {"optional": False},
+        "framework-y": {"optional": True},
+    }
+    fake_platform.get_package_spec.side_effect = lambda name: _FakeSpec(
+        uri=None, name=name
+    )
+    # Platform setup code rewrites sys.path (pioarduino penv); _prefetch
+    # must restore it
+    bogus = str(tmp_path / "penv-site-packages")
+    fake_platform.configure_project_packages.side_effect = lambda env, targets: (
+        sys.path.insert(0, bogus)
+    )
+    fake_pm = MagicMock()
+    config = _fake_config(
+        tmp_path,
+        {
+            "platform": "fake/platform@1.0",
+            "framework": "arduino",
+            # the bare built-in name and the interpolation are skipped;
+            # only the owner-qualified library resolves
+            "lib_deps": ["esphome/noise-c@1.0", "WiFi", "${common.lib_deps}"],
+        },
+    )
+    lib_dirs: list[str] = []
+    modules = _pio_modules(tmp_path, fake_platform, fake_pm, config, lib_dirs)
+    (tmp_path / pf._SENTINEL_NAME).write_text("{}", encoding="utf-8")
+    captured: dict = {}
+
+    def fake_registry_jobs(manager, specs, seen):
+        captured.setdefault("spec_batches", []).append([s.name for s in specs])
+        return (
+            [("toolchain-x@1", 10, lambda t: None)],
+            0,
+            [("toolchain-x@1", specs[0])],
+        )
+
+    with (
+        patch.dict("sys.modules", modules),
+        patch.object(pf, "_registry_jobs", side_effect=fake_registry_jobs),
+        patch.object(pf, "_uri_jobs", return_value=([], 0, [])),
+        patch.object(
+            pf,
+            "run_batch_downloads",
+            return_value=[("toolchain-x@1", OSError("down"))],
+        ) as mock_batch,
+        patch.object(pf, "_preinstall") as mock_install,
+    ):
+        pf._prefetch(tmp_path, "testenv")
+    fake_pm.install.assert_called_once_with("fake/platform@1.0", skip_dependencies=True)
+    assert not (tmp_path / pf._SENTINEL_NAME).exists()  # stale sentinel removed
+    fake_platform.configure_project_packages.assert_called_once_with("testenv", ["run"])
+    assert bogus not in sys.path
+    # non-optional platform package + tool-scons (never piohome), then libs
+    assert captured["spec_batches"][0] == ["toolchain-x", "tool-scons"]
+    assert captured["spec_batches"][1] == ["esphome/noise-c@1.0"]
+    assert lib_dirs == [str(Path(tmp_path / "libdeps") / "testenv")]
+    mock_batch.assert_called_once()
+    assert "Could not prefetch toolchain-x@1" in caplog.text
+    # every installable failed its download; nothing to pre-install
+    mock_install.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_prefetch_installs_cached_archives_without_downloads(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """Archives already in the download cache still pre-install (in
+    parallel) even when there is nothing to download, and no sentinel is
+    written until everything is installed."""
+    _write_ini(tmp_path, "[env:testenv]\nplatform = fake/p@1\n")
+    fake_platform = MagicMock()
+    fake_platform.packages = {}
+    config = _fake_config(tmp_path, {"platform": "fake/p@1"})
+    modules = _pio_modules(tmp_path, fake_platform, MagicMock(), config)
+    spec = _FakeSpec(name="cachedpkg")
+    with (
+        patch.dict("sys.modules", modules),
+        patch.object(
+            pf,
+            "_registry_jobs",
+            side_effect=[([], 0, [("cachedpkg@1", spec)]), ([], 0, [])],
+        ),
+        patch.object(pf, "_uri_jobs", return_value=([], 0, [])),
+        patch.object(pf, "run_batch_downloads") as mock_batch,
+        patch.object(pf, "_preinstall") as mock_install,
+    ):
+        pf._prefetch(tmp_path, "testenv")
+    mock_batch.assert_not_called()
+    assert mock_install.call_count == 1
+    assert mock_install.call_args[0][1] == [("cachedpkg@1", spec)]
+    assert not (tmp_path / pf._SENTINEL_NAME).exists()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("platform_group", "lib_group", "expected"),
+    [
+        (
+            [("toolchain-x@1", _FakeSpec(name="toolchain-x"))],
+            [],
+            ["configure", "install", "configure"],
+        ),
+        ([], [("noise-c@1.0", _FakeSpec(name="noise-c"))], ["configure", "install"]),
+    ],
+)
+def test_prefetch_reconfigures_only_after_platform_installs(
+    tmp_path: Path, platform_group: list, lib_group: list, expected: list[str]
+) -> None:
+    """Installed platform packages get a second configure pass; libraries do not."""
+    _write_ini(tmp_path, "[env:testenv]\nplatform = fake/p@1\n")
+    order: list[str] = []
+    fake_platform = MagicMock()
+    fake_platform.packages = {}
+    fake_platform.configure_project_packages.side_effect = lambda env, targets: (
+        order.append("configure")
+    )
+    config = _fake_config(
+        tmp_path, {"platform": "fake/p@1", "lib_deps": ["esphome/noise-c@1.0"]}
+    )
+    modules = _pio_modules(tmp_path, fake_platform, MagicMock(), config)
+    with (
+        patch.dict("sys.modules", modules),
+        patch.object(
+            pf,
+            "_registry_jobs",
+            side_effect=[([], 0, platform_group), ([], 0, lib_group)],
+        ),
+        patch.object(pf, "_uri_jobs", return_value=([], 0, [])),
+        patch.object(pf, "_preinstall", side_effect=lambda *_: order.append("install")),
+    ):
+        pf._prefetch(tmp_path, "testenv")
+    assert order == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "err", [RuntimeError("idf_tools.py failed"), SystemExit("postinstall exited")]
+)
+def test_prefetch_settle_failure_warns_and_continues(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture, err: BaseException
+) -> None:
+    """A failing second configure pass only costs the speedup."""
+    _write_ini(tmp_path, "[env:testenv]\nplatform = fake/p@1\n")
+    fake_platform = MagicMock()
+    fake_platform.packages = {}
+    fake_platform.configure_project_packages.side_effect = [None, err]
+    config = _fake_config(tmp_path, {"platform": "fake/p@1"})
+    modules = _pio_modules(tmp_path, fake_platform, MagicMock(), config)
+    with (
+        patch.dict("sys.modules", modules),
+        patch.object(
+            pf,
+            "_registry_jobs",
+            side_effect=[
+                ([], 0, [("toolchain-x@1", _FakeSpec(name="toolchain-x"))]),
+                ([], 0, []),
+            ],
+        ),
+        patch.object(pf, "_uri_jobs", return_value=([], 0, [])),
+        patch.object(pf, "_preinstall"),
+    ):
+        pf._prefetch(tmp_path, "testenv")
+    assert f"Could not settle platform packages: {err}" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_preinstall_extracts_in_parallel_under_one_lock(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """The manager lock wraps the whole batch; per-thread managers share
+    its package dir; one failing install leaves the rest alone."""
+    m = _fake_manager(tmp_path)
+    installed: list[str] = []
+
+    def fake_install(spec, skip_dependencies, compatibility=None):
+        # Dependencies must be skipped: a shared dep extracted from two
+        # threads would race one destination dir
+        assert skip_dependencies is True
+        if spec.name == "bad":
+            raise RuntimeError("corrupt archive")
+        installed.append(spec.name)
+
+    m._install.side_effect = fake_install
+    entries = [
+        ("a@1", _FakeSpec(name="a")),
+        ("bad@1", _FakeSpec(name="bad")),
+        ("b@1", _FakeSpec(name="b")),
+    ]
+    pf._preinstall(m, entries)
+    assert sorted(installed) == ["a", "b"]
+    m.lock.assert_called_once_with()
+    m.unlock.assert_called_once_with()
+    assert m.memcache_reset.call_count >= 1
+
+
+def test_preinstall_all_failed_warns_once(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """Every install failing is a systemic fault, not archive noise."""
+    m = _fake_manager(tmp_path)
+    m._install.side_effect = AttributeError("_install went away")
+    pf._preinstall(
+        m,
+        [
+            ("a@1", _FakeSpec(name="a")),
+            ("b@1", _FakeSpec(name="b")),
+        ],
+    )
+    assert "Could not pre-install a@1" in caplog.text
+    assert "Could not pre-install any of 2" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_preinstall_dedupes_names_across_entries(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Two entries with one name install once (one destination dir)."""
+    _write_ini(tmp_path, "[env:testenv]\nplatform = fake/p@1\n")
+    fake_platform = MagicMock()
+    fake_platform.packages = {}
+    config = _fake_config(tmp_path, {"platform": "fake/p@1"})
+    modules = _pio_modules(tmp_path, fake_platform, MagicMock(), config)
+    s1 = _FakeSpec(name="dup")
+    s2 = _FakeSpec(name="dup")
+    with (
+        patch.dict("sys.modules", modules),
+        patch.object(
+            pf,
+            "_registry_jobs",
+            side_effect=[([], 0, [("pkg@1", s1), ("pkg@1", s2)]), ([], 0, [])],
+        ),
+        patch.object(pf, "_uri_jobs", return_value=([], 0, [])),
+        patch.object(pf, "_preinstall") as mock_install,
+    ):
+        pf._prefetch(tmp_path, "testenv")
+    mock_install.assert_called_once()
+    (entry,) = mock_install.call_args[0][1]
+    assert entry[0] == "pkg@1"
+    assert entry[1] is s2  # the dict comprehension keeps the last duplicate
+
+
+def test_preinstall_runs_dependency_waves(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Dependencies of installed packages install in a follow-up wave,
+    deduped by name; name-only platform libs stay with pio run."""
+    m = _fake_manager(tmp_path)
+    installed: list[str] = []
+    m._install.side_effect = lambda spec, skip_dependencies, compatibility=None: (
+        installed.append(spec.name if hasattr(spec, "name") else str(spec))
+    )
+    pkg = SimpleNamespace(spec="noise-c")
+    m.get_package.side_effect = lambda spec: (
+        pkg if getattr(spec, "name", None) == "noise-c" else None
+    )
+    m.get_pkg_dependencies.return_value = [
+        {"owner": "esphome", "name": "libsodium", "version": "^1.0"},
+        {"owner": "esphome", "name": "libsodium", "version": "^1.0"},
+        {"name": "SPI"},
+    ]
+    m.dependency_to_spec.side_effect = lambda dep: _FakeSpec(name=dep["name"])
+    pf._preinstall(m, [("noise-c@0.1.21", _FakeSpec(name="noise-c"))])
+    assert installed == ["noise-c", "libsodium"]  # dep deduped, SPI left out
+    # The dep wave carries its compatibility so _install searches qualified
+    dep_call = m._install.call_args_list[-1]
+    assert dep_call.kwargs["compatibility"] is not None
+
+
+def test_preinstall_dependency_wave_skips_seen_names(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A dependency whose name matches an already-waved entry is not
+    reinstalled."""
+    m = _fake_manager(tmp_path)
+    m.get_package.side_effect = lambda spec: SimpleNamespace(spec=spec)
+    m.get_pkg_dependencies.return_value = [
+        {"owner": "esphome", "name": "noise-c", "version": "^0.1"},
+    ]
+    m.dependency_to_spec.side_effect = lambda dep: _FakeSpec(name=dep["name"])
+    installed: list[str] = []
+    m._install.side_effect = lambda spec, skip_dependencies, compatibility=None: (
+        installed.append(getattr(spec, "name", str(spec)))
+    )
+    pf._preinstall(m, [("noise-c@0.1.21", _FakeSpec(name="noise-c"))])
+    assert installed == ["noise-c"]
+
+
+def test_preinstall_uses_distinct_managers_in_parallel(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Each worker thread gets its own pre-built manager and installs
+    genuinely overlap (the barrier deadlocks a serial pool). The worker
+    count is pinned so a 1-CPU host cannot serialize the pool."""
+    barrier = threading.Barrier(2, timeout=5)
+    used: set = set()
+
+    class _WaveManager:
+        package_dir = str(tmp_path)
+        compatibility = None
+
+        def __init__(self, package_dir, **kwargs) -> None:
+            assert package_dir == str(tmp_path)
+
+        def lock(self) -> None:
+            pass
+
+        def unlock(self) -> None:
+            pass
+
+        def memcache_reset(self) -> None:
+            pass
+
+        def get_tmp_dir(self) -> str:
+            return str(tmp_path)
+
+        def get_download_dir(self) -> str:
+            return str(tmp_path)
+
+        def get_package(self, spec):
+            return None
+
+        def get_pkg_dependencies(self, pkg):
+            return None
+
+        def _install(self, spec, skip_dependencies, compatibility=None) -> None:
+            used.add(id(self))
+            barrier.wait()
+
+    seed = _WaveManager(str(tmp_path))
+    with patch.object(pf, "get_usable_cpu_count", return_value=2):
+        pf._preinstall(
+            seed,
+            [
+                ("a@1", _FakeSpec(name="a")),
+                ("b@1", _FakeSpec(name="b")),
+            ],
+        )
+    assert len(used) == 2
+    assert id(seed) not in used
+
+
+def test_sibling_manager_and_sigterm() -> None:
+    """Sibling managers inherit compatibility; SIGTERM raises SystemExit."""
+    calls = []
+    m = MagicMock(package_dir="p", compatibility="qual")
+    m.__class__ = lambda package_dir, **kw: calls.append((package_dir, kw))
+    pf._sibling_manager(m)
+    m.compatibility = None
+    pf._sibling_manager(m)
+    assert calls == [("p", {"compatibility": "qual"}), ("p", {})]
+    with pytest.raises(SystemExit):
+        pf._sigterm(15, None)
+
+
+def test_dependency_entries_skip_installed(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A dependency a previous build installed stays off the destructive
+    failure path."""
+    m = _fake_manager(tmp_path)
+    m.get_package.side_effect = lambda spec: SimpleNamespace(spec=spec)
+    m.get_pkg_dependencies.return_value = [
+        {"owner": "o", "name": "already", "version": "^1"},
+    ]
+    m.dependency_to_spec.side_effect = lambda dep: _FakeSpec(name=dep["name"])
+    assert pf._dependency_entries(m, [("top@1", _FakeSpec(name="top"))], set()) == []
+
+
+def test_group_failure_does_not_skip_other_groups(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """One group's pre-install failure degrades that group only."""
+    _write_ini(tmp_path, "[env:testenv]\nplatform = fake/p@1\n")
+    fake_platform = MagicMock()
+    fake_platform.packages = {}
+    config = _fake_config(tmp_path, {"platform": "fake/p@1"})
+    modules = _pio_modules(tmp_path, fake_platform, MagicMock(), config)
+    s1 = _FakeSpec(name="toolpkg")
+    s2 = _FakeSpec(name="libpkg")
+    with (
+        patch.dict("sys.modules", modules),
+        patch.object(
+            pf,
+            "_registry_jobs",
+            side_effect=[
+                ([], 0, [("toolpkg@1", s1)]),
+                ([], 0, [("libpkg@1", s2)]),
+            ],
+        ),
+        patch.object(pf, "_uri_jobs", return_value=([], 0, [])),
+        patch.object(
+            pf, "_preinstall", side_effect=[RuntimeError("group down"), None]
+        ) as mock_install,
+    ):
+        pf._prefetch(tmp_path, "testenv")
+    assert mock_install.call_count == 2
+
+
+def test_preinstall_unlocks_even_when_pool_fails(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A failure inside the pool cancels queued installs and releases the
+    lock; a failing executor construction still releases it."""
+    m = _fake_manager(tmp_path)
+    boom = MagicMock()
+    boom.__enter__.return_value = boom
+    boom.map.side_effect = RuntimeError("no threads")
+    with (
+        patch.object(pf, "ThreadPoolExecutor", return_value=boom),
+        pytest.raises(RuntimeError),
+    ):
+        pf._preinstall(m, [("a@1", _FakeSpec(name="a"))])
+    m.unlock.assert_called_once_with()
+    assert boom.shutdown.call_args_list[0][1].get("cancel_futures") is True
+    m.reset_mock()
+    # A failing executor construction still releases the lock
+    with (
+        patch.object(pf, "ThreadPoolExecutor", side_effect=RuntimeError("no")),
+        pytest.raises(RuntimeError),
+    ):
+        pf._preinstall(m, [("a@1", _FakeSpec(name="a"))])
+    m.unlock.assert_called_once_with()
+
+
+def test_prefetch_replaces_platform_tool_scons_with_core_spec(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A platform's own tool-scons spec gives way to the core's registry spec."""
+    _write_ini(tmp_path, "[env:testenv]\nplatform = fake/p@1\n")
+    fake_platform = MagicMock()
+    fake_platform.packages = {"tool-scons": {"optional": False}}
+    fake_platform.get_package_spec.side_effect = lambda name: _FakeSpec(
+        uri="https://x/scons.zip", name=name, owner=None
+    )
+    config = _fake_config(tmp_path, {"platform": "fake/p@1"})
+    modules = _pio_modules(tmp_path, fake_platform, MagicMock(), config)
+    batches: list[list] = []
+    with (
+        patch.dict("sys.modules", modules),
+        patch.object(
+            pf,
+            "_registry_jobs",
+            side_effect=lambda mgr, specs, seen: (
+                batches.append(list(specs)) or ([], 0, [])
+            ),
+        ),
+        patch.object(pf, "_uri_jobs", return_value=([], 0, [])),
+    ):
+        pf._prefetch(tmp_path, "testenv")
+    (spec,) = batches[0]
+    assert (spec.name, spec.owner, spec.uri) == ("tool-scons", "platformio", None)
+
+
+def test_platformio_private_api_contract() -> None:
+    """The pinned PlatformIO still exposes what the pre-install drives.
+
+    Also load-bearing but unpinnable by introspection: pio's private
+    _install must never re-acquire the manager's inter-process lock
+    (locking lives in the public install()); a re-lock would hang the
+    child for the full prefetch timeout, so re-check it on any bump.
+
+    Everything else in this module mocks the managers, so this is the one
+    test that fails loudly when a requirements bump changes the private
+    surface instead of silently degrading the prefetch to a no-op.
+    """
+    params = inspect.signature(PackageManagerInstallMixin._install).parameters
+    assert "spec" in params
+    assert "skip_dependencies" in params
+    assert "compatibility" in params
+    for cls in (ToolPackageManager, LibraryPackageManager, PlatformPackageManager):
+        assert "package_dir" in inspect.signature(cls.__init__).parameters
+    for name in (
+        "lock",
+        "unlock",
+        "memcache_reset",
+        "get_package",
+        "compute_download_path",
+        "get_pkg_dependencies",
+        "dependency_to_spec",
+    ):
+        assert callable(getattr(BasePackageManager, name))
+    # The dependency wave mirrors install_dependency's builtin skip
+    assert callable(LibraryPackageManager.is_builtin_lib)
+    # The prefetch keys tool-scons on this core dependency
+    assert "tool-scons" in get_core_dependencies()
+    # The pre-install passes these positionally / by keyword
+    assert "compatibility" in inspect.signature(BasePackageManager.__init__).parameters
+    lib_params = inspect.signature(LibraryPackageManager.__init__).parameters
+    # Capability, not implementation: an explicit compatibility= parameter
+    # would serve the call site just as well as **kwargs forwarding
+    assert "compatibility" in lib_params or any(
+        p.kind is inspect.Parameter.VAR_KEYWORD for p in lib_params.values()
+    )
+    assert callable(PackageCompatibility.from_dependency)
+    assert callable(PackageCompatibility.is_compatible)
+    # Every URL spec derives a name from the URI; only a custom name
+    # (Foo=https://...) is also the destination dir the wave installs into
+    derived = PackageSpec("https://x/y/archive/master.zip")
+    assert derived.name and not derived.has_custom_name()
+    assert PackageSpec("Foo=https://x/y/archive/master.zip").has_custom_name()
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_registry.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_registry.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6ba8691c4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_registry.py
@@ -0,0 +1,725 @@
+"""Tests for esphome.platformio.registry (PIO-registry package installs)."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+import json
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError
+from esphome.platformio import registry
+
+
+def test_registry_download_resolves_once_per_process() -> None:
+    """The prefetch and the install share one metadata resolve per package."""
+    calls: list[dict] = []
+    payload = {
+        "versions": [
+            {
+                "name": "1.0.0",
+                "files": [
+                    {
+                        "download_url": "http://x/pkg.tar.gz",
+                        "checksum": {"sha256": "ab" * 32},
+                        "size": 5,
+                    }
+                ],
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+
+    def fake_request(method, url, **kwargs):
+        calls.append(url)
+        return _http_response(json.dumps(payload))
+
+    with patch.object(registry, "http_request", side_effect=fake_request):
+        first = registry.registry_download("o/pkg", "1.0.0")
+        second = registry.registry_download("o/pkg", "1.0.0")
+    assert first == second
+    assert len(calls) == 1
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def _fresh_registry_cache():
+    # registry_download memoizes per process; tests reuse package names
+    registry.registry_download.cache_clear()
+    yield
+    registry.registry_download.cache_clear()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("system", "machine", "expected"),
+    [
+        ("Darwin", "arm64", "darwin_arm64"),
+        ("Darwin", "x86_64", "darwin_x86_64"),
+        ("Windows", "AMD64", "windows_amd64"),
+        # Deviation from upstream: auto-mapped to the emulated-x86 packages
+        ("Windows", "ARM64", "windows_amd64"),
+        ("Windows", "x86", "windows_x86"),
+        ("Linux", "x86_64", "linux_x86_64"),
+        ("Linux", "aarch64", "linux_aarch64"),
+        ("Linux", "i686", "linux_i686"),
+        ("Linux", "armv7l", "linux_armv7l"),
+        # Unknown hosts pass through like upstream; the registry lookup
+        # then fails naming the tag
+        ("FreeBSD", "amd64", "freebsd_amd64"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_get_systype(system: str, machine: str, expected: str) -> None:
+    with (
+        patch("platform.system", return_value=system),
+        patch("platform.machine", return_value=machine),
+        patch("platform.architecture", return_value=("64bit", "")),
+    ):
+        assert registry.get_systype() == expected
+
+
+def test_get_systype_env_override() -> None:
+    """PLATFORMIO_SYSTEM_TYPE wins, exactly as in upstream get_systype()."""
+    with patch.dict(os.environ, {"PLATFORMIO_SYSTEM_TYPE": "windows_amd64"}):
+        assert registry.get_systype() == "windows_amd64"
+
+
+def test_get_systype_aarch64_32bit_userland() -> None:
+    """A 32-bit userland on a 64-bit arm kernel gets armv7l binaries."""
+    with (
+        patch("platform.system", return_value="Linux"),
+        patch("platform.machine", return_value="aarch64"),
+        patch("platform.architecture", return_value=("32bit", "")),
+    ):
+        assert registry.get_systype() == "linux_armv7l"
+
+
+def test_get_systype_windows_empty_machine() -> None:
+    """An empty machine string falls back to the architecture bits."""
+    with (
+        patch("platform.system", return_value="Windows"),
+        patch("platform.machine", return_value=""),
+        patch("platform.architecture", return_value=("64bit", "")),
+    ):
+        assert registry.get_systype() == "windows_amd64"
+
+
+def _http_response(text: str) -> MagicMock:
+    resp = MagicMock()
+    resp.text = text
+    resp.raise_for_status.return_value = None
+    return resp
+
+
+def _registry_response(files: list[dict]):
+    """Patch the consolidated HTTP path to serve a canned registry response."""
+    payload = {"versions": [{"name": "1.0.0", "files": files}]}
+    return patch.object(
+        registry, "http_request", return_value=_http_response(json.dumps(payload))
+    )
+
+
+def test_registry_download_uses_shared_http_path() -> None:
+    """The metadata fetch delegates to the consolidated http_request path;
+    request failures surface as a named EsphomeError."""
+    import requests as req
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(
+            registry,
+            "http_request",
+            side_effect=req.exceptions.ConnectionError("registry down"),
+        ) as mock_request,
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="Could not fetch registry metadata"),
+    ):
+        registry.registry_download("pkg", "1.0.0")
+    (method, url), _ = mock_request.call_args
+    assert method == "GET"
+    assert url == registry._REGISTRY_URL.format(package="pkg")
+
+
+def test_registry_download_invalid_json_is_clean() -> None:
+    with (
+        patch.object(
+            registry,
+            "http_request",
+            return_value=_http_response("<html>not json</html>"),
+        ),
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="invalid JSON"),
+    ):
+        registry.registry_download("pkg", "1.0.0")
+
+
+def test_registry_download_matches_system() -> None:
+    with (
+        _registry_response(
+            [
+                {"system": ["windows_amd64"], "download_url": "http://x/win"},
+                {
+                    "system": ["linux_x86_64"],
+                    "download_url": "http://x/linux",
+                    "checksum": {"sha256": "abc123"},
+                    "size": 42,
+                },
+            ]
+        ),
+        patch.object(registry, "get_systype", return_value="linux_x86_64"),
+    ):
+        assert registry.registry_download("pkg", "1.0.0") == (
+            "http://x/linux",
+            "abc123",
+            42,
+        )
+
+
+def test_registry_download_bare_string_system() -> None:
+    """A bare-string system tag is an exact match, not a substring test."""
+    with (
+        _registry_response(
+            [
+                {"system": "linux_x86", "download_url": "http://x/x86"},
+                {
+                    "system": "linux_x86_64",
+                    "download_url": "http://x/x86_64",
+                    "checksum": {"sha256": "abc"},
+                },
+            ]
+        ),
+        patch.object(registry, "get_systype", return_value="linux_x86_64"),
+    ):
+        assert registry.registry_download("pkg", "1.0.0")[0] == "http://x/x86_64"
+
+
+def test_registry_download_wildcard_system() -> None:
+    with _registry_response(
+        [
+            {
+                "system": "*",
+                "download_url": "http://x/any",
+                "checksum": {"sha256": "abc"},
+                "size": 7,
+            }
+        ]
+    ):
+        assert registry.registry_download("pkg", "1.0.0") == (
+            "http://x/any",
+            "abc",
+            7,
+        )
+
+
+def test_registry_download_missing_checksum_raises() -> None:
+    """An unverifiable archive is refused, never silently extracted."""
+    with (
+        _registry_response([{"system": "*", "download_url": "http://x/any"}]),
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="no sha256"),
+    ):
+        registry.registry_download("pkg", "1.0.0")
+
+
+def test_registry_download_no_system_match() -> None:
+    with (
+        _registry_response(
+            [{"system": ["windows_amd64"], "download_url": "http://x/win"}]
+        ),
+        patch.object(registry, "get_systype", return_value="linux_x86_64"),
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="No pkg 1.0.0 build"),
+    ):
+        registry.registry_download("pkg", "1.0.0")
+
+
+def test_registry_download_version_not_found() -> None:
+    with (
+        patch.object(
+            registry,
+            "http_request",
+            return_value=_http_response(
+                json.dumps({"versions": [{"name": "2.0.0", "files": []}]})
+            ),
+        ),
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="not found"),
+    ):
+        registry.registry_download("pkg", "1.0.0")
+
+
+def test_install_package_skips_when_marker_exists(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    dest = tmp_path / "pkg"
+    (dest / "payload").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (dest / ".esphome_extracted").touch()
+    with patch.object(registry, "download_from_mirrors") as mock_download:
+        registry.install_package(
+            "pkg", "1.0.0", dest, [], tmp_path / "dl", expect=("payload",)
+        )
+    mock_download.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_install_package_marker_hit_rechecks_layout(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A marked install that later lost files fails by name instead of
+    surfacing as an opaque toolchain error."""
+    dest = tmp_path / "pkg"
+    dest.mkdir()
+    (dest / ".esphome_extracted").touch()
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="missing the expected payload"):
+        registry.install_package(
+            "pkg", "1.0.0", dest, [], tmp_path / "dl", expect=("payload",)
+        )
+
+
+def test_install_package_downloads_via_mirrors(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    dest = tmp_path / "pkg"
+    mirrors = ["http://mirror/{VERSION}/{SYSTEM}.tar.gz"]
+    with (
+        patch.object(registry, "download_from_mirrors") as mock_download,
+        patch.object(registry, "archive_extract_all") as mock_extract,
+        patch.object(registry, "get_systype", return_value="linux_x86_64"),
+    ):
+        # Extraction is expected to create the directory
+        mock_extract.side_effect = lambda *_a, **_kw: (dest / "payload").mkdir(
+            parents=True
+        )
+        registry.install_package(
+            "pkg", "1.0.0", dest, mirrors, tmp_path / "dl", expect=("payload",)
+        )
+    assert mock_download.call_args[0][0] is mirrors
+    assert mock_download.call_args[0][1] == {
+        "VERSION": "1.0.0",
+        "SYSTEM": "linux_x86_64",
+    }
+    assert (dest / ".esphome_extracted").is_file()
+
+
+def test_install_package_downloads_via_registry(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """The registry path downloads with the registry's sha256 and size."""
+    dest = tmp_path / "pkg"
+    with (
+        patch.object(registry, "download_with_resume") as mock_download,
+        patch.object(registry, "archive_extract_all") as mock_extract,
+        patch.object(
+            registry,
+            "registry_download",
+            return_value=("http://x/pkg.tar.gz", "abc123", 42),
+        ),
+    ):
+        mock_extract.side_effect = lambda *_a, **_kw: (dest / "payload").mkdir(
+            parents=True
+        )
+        registry.install_package(
+            "pkg", "1.0.0", dest, [], tmp_path / "dl", expect=("payload",)
+        )
+    assert mock_download.call_args[0][0] == "http://x/pkg.tar.gz"
+    assert mock_download.call_args[1] == {"sha256": "abc123", "size": 42}
+
+
+def test_install_package_validates_expected_layout(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """The success marker is only written when the extracted tree is usable."""
+    dest = tmp_path / "pkg"
+    with (
+        patch.object(registry, "download_from_mirrors"),
+        patch.object(registry, "archive_extract_all") as mock_extract,
+        patch.object(registry, "get_systype", return_value="linux_x86_64"),
+    ):
+        mock_extract.side_effect = lambda *_a, **_kw: (dest / "bin").mkdir(parents=True)
+        registry.install_package(
+            "pkg", "1.0.0", dest, ["http://m"], tmp_path / "dl", expect=("bin",)
+        )
+    assert (dest / ".esphome_extracted").is_file()
+
+
+def test_install_package_unexpected_layout_raises(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    dest = tmp_path / "pkg"
+    with (
+        patch.object(registry, "download_from_mirrors"),
+        patch.object(registry, "archive_extract_all") as mock_extract,
+        patch.object(registry, "get_systype", return_value="linux_x86_64"),
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="missing the expected bin"),
+    ):
+        mock_extract.side_effect = lambda *_a, **_kw: (dest / "payload").mkdir(
+            parents=True
+        )
+        registry.install_package(
+            "pkg", "1.0.0", dest, ["http://m"], tmp_path / "dl", expect=("bin",)
+        )
+    assert not (dest / ".esphome_extracted").exists()
+
+
+def test_install_package_marker_rechecked_under_lock(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A concurrent install finishing while we wait for the lock is detected."""
+    dest = tmp_path / "pkg"
+    marker = dest / ".esphome_extracted"
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def _fake_lock(*_a, **_kw):
+        dest.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        marker.touch()
+        yield
+
+    with (
+        patch("filelock.FileLock", _fake_lock),
+        patch.object(registry, "download_from_mirrors") as mock_download,
+        patch.object(registry, "rmdir") as mock_rmdir,
+    ):
+        registry.install_package(
+            "pkg", "1.0.0", dest, ["http://m"], tmp_path / "dl", expect=("payload",)
+        )
+    mock_download.assert_not_called()
+    mock_rmdir.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_install_package_uses_hard_lock(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """The install lock must never degrade to a soft (existence) lock."""
+    dest = tmp_path / "pkg"
+    with (
+        patch("filelock.FileLock") as mock_lock,
+        patch.object(registry, "download_from_mirrors"),
+        patch.object(registry, "archive_extract_all") as mock_extract,
+        patch.object(registry, "get_systype", return_value="linux_x86_64"),
+    ):
+        mock_extract.side_effect = lambda *_a, **_kw: (dest / "payload").mkdir(
+            parents=True, exist_ok=True
+        )
+        registry.install_package(
+            "pkg", "1.0.0", dest, ["http://m"], tmp_path / "dl", expect=("payload",)
+        )
+    assert mock_lock.call_args.kwargs["fallback_to_soft"] is False
+
+
+def test_registry_download_empty_system_list_does_not_match() -> None:
+    """An explicitly empty system list must not act as a wildcard."""
+    with (
+        _registry_response([{"system": [], "download_url": "http://x/any"}]),
+        patch.object(registry, "get_systype", return_value="linux_x86_64"),
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="No pkg 1.0.0 build"),
+    ):
+        registry.registry_download("pkg", "1.0.0")
+
+
+def test_registry_download_unexpected_payload_is_named() -> None:
+    """An error envelope without a versions list is not 'version not found'."""
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(
+            registry,
+            "http_request",
+            return_value=_http_response(json.dumps({"message": "rate limited"})),
+        ),
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="Unexpected package registry response"),
+    ):
+        registry.registry_download("pkg", "1.0.0")
+
+
+def test_registry_download_missing_system_key_matches_any() -> None:
+    """A file with no system key at all serves every host."""
+    with _registry_response(
+        [{"download_url": "http://x/any", "checksum": {"sha256": "abc"}, "size": 1}]
+    ):
+        assert registry.registry_download("pkg", "1.0.0") == ("http://x/any", "abc", 1)
+
+
+def test_registry_download_missing_files_list_is_named() -> None:
+    """A version entry without a files list is an unexpected payload, not a
+    missing platform build."""
+    with (
+        _registry_response(None),
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="Unexpected package registry response"),
+    ):
+        registry.registry_download("pkg", "1.0.0")
+
+
+def test_registry_download_missing_download_url_is_named() -> None:
+    with (
+        _registry_response([{"system": "*", "checksum": {"sha256": "abc"}, "size": 1}]),
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="no download URL"),
+    ):
+        registry.registry_download("pkg", "1.0.0")
+
+
+def test_install_package_empty_expect_rejected(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Layout validation is the only guard before marker.touch(), so an
+    empty expect is a caller bug, not a lenient install."""
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="non-empty expect"):
+        registry.install_package(
+            "pkg", "1.0.0", tmp_path / "pkg", [], tmp_path / "dl", expect=()
+        )
+
+
+def test_registry_download_non_dict_version_entry_is_named() -> None:
+    """A versions list of bare strings is an unexpected payload, not an
+    AttributeError traceback."""
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(
+            registry,
+            "http_request",
+            return_value=_http_response(json.dumps({"versions": ["1.0.0", "2.0.0"]})),
+        ),
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="Unexpected package registry response"),
+    ):
+        registry.registry_download("pkg", "1.0.0")
+
+
+def test_registry_download_non_dict_file_entry_is_named() -> None:
+    with (
+        patch.object(
+            registry,
+            "http_request",
+            return_value=_http_response(
+                json.dumps({"versions": [{"name": "1.0.0", "files": ["a.tar.gz"]}]})
+            ),
+        ),
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="Unexpected package registry response"),
+    ):
+        registry.registry_download("pkg", "1.0.0")
+
+
+def test_registry_download_non_dict_payload_is_named() -> None:
+    """A JSON array answer is an unexpected payload at the outermost level."""
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(
+            registry,
+            "http_request",
+            return_value=_http_response(json.dumps(["1.0.0"])),
+        ),
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="Unexpected package registry response"),
+    ):
+        registry.registry_download("pkg", "1.0.0")
+
+
+def test_registry_download_non_list_system_is_named() -> None:
+    """A system field that is neither missing, str, nor list is an
+    unexpected payload, not a TypeError from the ``in`` test."""
+    with (
+        _registry_response([{"system": 5, "checksum": {"sha256": "abc"}, "size": 1}]),
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="Unexpected package registry response"),
+    ):
+        registry.registry_download("pkg", "1.0.0")
+
+
+def _resolve_for(sizes: dict[str, int | None]):
+    def resolve(name: str, version: str):
+        size = sizes[name]
+        if size == -1:
+            raise EsphomeError("registry down")
+        return (f"http://x/{name}.tar.gz", "abc123", size)
+
+    return resolve
+
+
+def test_prefetch_packages_downloads_pending_in_parallel(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Two uninstalled packages download together under one combined bar,
+    with the registry's sha256 and size and a batch progress tracker."""
+    with (
+        patch.object(registry, "download_with_resume") as mock_download,
+        patch.object(
+            registry, "registry_download", side_effect=_resolve_for({"a": 10, "b": 20})
+        ),
+    ):
+        registry.prefetch_packages(
+            [
+                ("a", "1.0", tmp_path / "a", []),
+                ("b", "2.0", tmp_path / "b", []),
+            ],
+            tmp_path / "dl",
+        )
+    assert mock_download.call_count == 2
+    # Locking makes worker completion order nondeterministic
+    calls = sorted(mock_download.call_args_list, key=lambda c: c[0][0])
+    for call, (name, version, size) in zip(
+        calls, [("a", "1.0", 10), ("b", "2.0", 20)], strict=True
+    ):
+        assert call[0][0] == f"http://x/{name}.tar.gz"
+        assert call[0][1] == tmp_path / "dl" / f"{name}-{version}"
+        assert call[1]["sha256"] == "abc123"
+        assert call[1]["size"] == size
+        assert callable(call[1]["progress"])
+
+
+def test_prefetch_packages_skips_freshly_installed_dest(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A dest whose marker appeared while the worker waited on the lock is
+    already installed; re-downloading would orphan an archive copy."""
+    dest = tmp_path / "a"
+    dest.mkdir()
+
+    from contextlib import contextmanager
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def marker_appears_under_lock(path, **kwargs):
+        # Simulates the concurrent build finishing while we waited
+        (dest / ".esphome_extracted").touch()
+        yield
+
+    with (
+        patch("filelock.FileLock", side_effect=marker_appears_under_lock),
+        patch.object(registry, "download_with_resume") as mock_download,
+        patch.object(
+            registry, "registry_download", side_effect=_resolve_for({"a": 10})
+        ),
+    ):
+        registry.prefetch_packages([("a", "1.0", dest, [])], tmp_path / "dl")
+    mock_download.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_already_installed_probe(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Both arms of the marker probe the prefetch worker keys on."""
+    dest = tmp_path / "pkg"
+    dest.mkdir()
+    assert registry._already_installed(dest) is False
+    (dest / ".esphome_extracted").touch()
+    assert registry._already_installed(dest) is True
+
+
+def test_prefetch_packages_dedupes_duplicate_entries(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Duplicate (name, version) entries would race each other between two
+    workers; only one survives (and one is too few to parallelize)."""
+    with (
+        patch.object(registry, "download_with_resume") as mock_download,
+        patch.object(
+            registry, "registry_download", side_effect=_resolve_for({"a": 10})
+        ),
+    ):
+        registry.prefetch_packages(
+            [
+                ("a", "1.0", tmp_path / "a", []),
+                ("a", "1.0", tmp_path / "a", []),
+            ],
+            tmp_path / "dl",
+        )
+    mock_download.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_prefetch_packages_single_pending_skips(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """One pending package has nothing to parallelize; the sequential
+    install keeps its own bar."""
+    marker_dest = tmp_path / "a"
+    marker_dest.mkdir()
+    (marker_dest / ".esphome_extracted").touch()
+    with (
+        patch.object(registry, "download_with_resume") as mock_download,
+        patch.object(
+            registry, "registry_download", side_effect=_resolve_for({"b": 20})
+        ),
+    ):
+        registry.prefetch_packages(
+            [
+                ("a", "1.0", marker_dest, []),
+                ("b", "2.0", tmp_path / "b", []),
+            ],
+            tmp_path / "dl",
+        )
+    mock_download.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_prefetch_packages_mirror_and_sizeless_stay_sequential(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """Mirror overrides and size-less registry entries are left to the
+    sequential path so its per-file bars stay trustworthy."""
+    with (
+        patch.object(registry, "download_with_resume") as mock_download,
+        patch.object(
+            registry,
+            "registry_download",
+            side_effect=_resolve_for({"b": None, "c": 30}),
+        ),
+    ):
+        registry.prefetch_packages(
+            [
+                ("a", "1.0", tmp_path / "a", ["http://mirror/{VERSION}"]),
+                ("b", "2.0", tmp_path / "b", []),
+                ("c", "3.0", tmp_path / "c", []),
+            ],
+            tmp_path / "dl",
+        )
+    mock_download.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_prefetch_packages_resolve_failure_defers_to_install(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A registry failure only skips the prefetch; install_package reports
+    the real error with context."""
+    caplog.set_level("DEBUG")
+    with (
+        patch.object(registry, "download_with_resume") as mock_download,
+        patch.object(
+            registry, "registry_download", side_effect=_resolve_for({"a": -1, "b": 20})
+        ),
+    ):
+        registry.prefetch_packages(
+            [
+                ("a", "1.0", tmp_path / "a", []),
+                ("b", "2.0", tmp_path / "b", []),
+            ],
+            tmp_path / "dl",
+        )
+    mock_download.assert_not_called()
+    assert "Prefetch resolve for a failed" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_prefetch_packages_complete_archive_skipped(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """An archive already fully downloaded is not re-fetched."""
+    dl = tmp_path / "dl"
+    dl.mkdir()
+    (dl / "a-1.0").write_bytes(b"x" * 10)
+    with (
+        patch.object(registry, "download_with_resume") as mock_download,
+        patch.object(
+            registry, "registry_download", side_effect=_resolve_for({"a": 10, "b": 20})
+        ),
+    ):
+        registry.prefetch_packages(
+            [
+                ("a", "1.0", tmp_path / "a", []),
+                ("b", "2.0", tmp_path / "b", []),
+            ],
+            dl,
+        )
+    mock_download.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_prefetch_packages_download_failure_is_debug(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A failed prefetch download is logged and left for install_package."""
+    caplog.set_level("DEBUG")
+    with (
+        patch.object(
+            registry, "download_with_resume", side_effect=OSError("boom")
+        ) as mock_download,
+        patch.object(
+            registry, "registry_download", side_effect=_resolve_for({"a": 10, "b": 20})
+        ),
+    ):
+        registry.prefetch_packages(
+            [
+                ("a", "1.0", tmp_path / "a", []),
+                ("b", "2.0", tmp_path / "b", []),
+            ],
+            tmp_path / "dl",
+        )
+    assert mock_download.call_count == 2
+    assert "Prefetch of a failed" in caplog.text
+    assert "Prefetch of b failed" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_prefetch_packages_unexpected_failure_warns(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A programming error (not a download failure) surfaces at WARNING
+    instead of becoming a permanent silent no-op."""
+    with (
+        patch.object(
+            registry, "download_with_resume", side_effect=TypeError("bad call")
+        ),
+        patch.object(
+            registry, "registry_download", side_effect=_resolve_for({"a": 10, "b": 20})
+        ),
+    ):
+        registry.prefetch_packages(
+            [
+                ("a", "1.0", tmp_path / "a", []),
+                ("b", "2.0", tmp_path / "b", []),
+            ],
+            tmp_path / "dl",
+        )
+    assert "TypeError" in caplog.text
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_runner.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_runner.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f375aa457a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_runner.py
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+"""Tests for esphome.platformio.runner."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+import io
+import sys
+from types import ModuleType
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.platformio import runner
+
+
+def _prepare_main(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, pio_main: Callable[[], int]
+) -> io.BytesIO:
+    """Point ``runner.main()`` at a fake PlatformIO with a fake stdout.
+
+    The real ``main`` patches PlatformIO internals and then hands control to
+    it; both are stubbed out so only the stream wrapping is exercised. The
+    fake stdout is block buffered like a pipe, so the caller can see what
+    actually left the wrapper.
+    """
+    buf = io.BytesIO()
+    stream = io.TextIOWrapper(buf, encoding="utf-8", newline="\n", line_buffering=False)
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "argv", ["pio", "run"])
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "stdout", stream)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "stderr", stream)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(runner, "patch_structhash", lambda: None)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(runner, "patch_file_downloader", lambda: None)
+
+    platformio = ModuleType("platformio")
+    platformio_main = ModuleType("platformio.__main__")
+    platformio_main.main = pio_main  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    platformio.__main__ = platformio_main  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    monkeypatch.setitem(sys.modules, "platformio", platformio)
+    monkeypatch.setitem(sys.modules, "platformio.__main__", platformio_main)
+
+    return buf
+
+
+def test_main_drains_a_partial_line_on_a_clean_run(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """A build ending mid line still shows that line."""
+
+    def pio_main() -> int:
+        print("Linking .pioenvs/firmware.elf\n", end="")
+        print("Building took 12.4 seconds", end="")
+        return 0
+
+    buf = _prepare_main(monkeypatch, pio_main)
+
+    assert runner.main() == 0
+    assert buf.getvalue().decode("utf-8") == (
+        "Linking .pioenvs/firmware.elf\nBuilding took 12.4 seconds\n"
+    )
+
+
+def test_main_drains_when_platformio_exits_early(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """Leaving through ``sys.exit`` still drains, because it runs in a finally."""
+
+    def pio_main() -> int:
+        print("*** [.pioenvs/firmware.elf] Error 1", end="")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    buf = _prepare_main(monkeypatch, pio_main)
+
+    with pytest.raises(SystemExit) as excinfo:
+        runner.main()
+
+    assert excinfo.value.code == 1
+    assert buf.getvalue().decode("utf-8") == "*** [.pioenvs/firmware.elf] Error 1\n"
+
+
+def test_main_still_filters_a_drained_partial_line(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """Releasing a held line does not smuggle noise past the filter."""
+
+    def pio_main() -> int:
+        # Matches FILTER_PLATFORMIO_LINES, and arrives without a terminator.
+        print("Verbose mode can be enabled via `-v, --verbose` option", end="")
+        return 0
+
+    buf = _prepare_main(monkeypatch, pio_main)
+
+    assert runner.main() == 0
+    assert buf.getvalue() == b""
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_toolchain.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_toolchain.py
index 9450e8e0e1..fb99ea9208 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_toolchain.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_toolchain.py
@@ -2,13 +2,14 @@
 
 # pylint: disable=protected-access
 
-from collections.abc import Generator
+from collections.abc import Callable, Generator
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, ThreadingHTTPServer
 import json
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
 import shutil
+import subprocess
 import sys
 import threading
 from types import SimpleNamespace
@@ -16,9 +17,10 @@ from unittest.mock import MagicMock, Mock, call, patch
 
 import pytest
 
+from esphome.const import KEY_CORE, KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK, KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM
 from esphome.core import CORE, EsphomeError
 from esphome.platformio import runner, toolchain
-from esphome.util import FlashImage
+from esphome.util import ESP32_ARDUINO_ENV, FlashImage
 
 
 def test_idedata_firmware_elf_path(setup_core: Path) -> None:
@@ -328,6 +330,66 @@ def test_idedata_null_section_raises_esphome_error(setup_core: Path) -> None:
         _ = toolchain.IDEData({"extra": None}).extra_flash_images
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("platform", "framework", "expected"),
+    [
+        ("esp32", "arduino", "1"),
+        ("esp32", "esp-idf", None),
+        ("esp8266", "arduino", None),
+    ],
+)
+def test_run_platformio_cli_flags_an_esp32_arduino_build(
+    setup_core: Path,
+    mock_run_external_process: Mock,
+    platform: str,
+    framework: str,
+    expected: str | None,
+) -> None:
+    """Only an ESP32 Arduino build is flagged, and an inherited one is cleared."""
+    CORE.build_path = str(setup_core / "build" / "test")
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {
+        KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: platform,
+        KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK: framework,
+    }
+
+    with patch.dict(os.environ, {ESP32_ARDUINO_ENV: "1"}, clear=False):
+        mock_run_external_process.return_value = 0
+        toolchain.run_platformio_cli("test", "arg")
+
+        env = mock_run_external_process.call_args[1]["env"]
+        assert env.get(ESP32_ARDUINO_ENV) == expected
+        # Only the subprocess env is touched; ours is left as it was.
+        assert os.environ[ESP32_ARDUINO_ENV] == "1"
+
+
+def test_run_platformio_cli_ignores_an_inherited_flag_without_core(
+    setup_core: Path, mock_run_external_process: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """An inherited flag must not end up answering for CORE."""
+    CORE.build_path = str(setup_core / "build" / "test")
+    CORE.data.pop(KEY_CORE, None)
+
+    with patch.dict(os.environ, {ESP32_ARDUINO_ENV: "1"}, clear=False):
+        mock_run_external_process.return_value = 0
+        toolchain.run_platformio_cli("test", "arg")
+
+        env = mock_run_external_process.call_args[1]["env"]
+        assert ESP32_ARDUINO_ENV not in env
+
+
+def test_run_platformio_cli_raises_on_a_half_filled_core(
+    setup_core: Path, mock_run_external_process: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """A CORE set up but left incomplete must surface, not fall back."""
+    CORE.build_path = str(setup_core / "build" / "test")
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {}
+
+    with patch.dict(os.environ, {}, clear=False):
+        mock_run_external_process.return_value = 0
+        with pytest.raises(KeyError):
+            toolchain.run_platformio_cli("test", "arg")
+
+
 def test_run_platformio_cli_sets_environment_variables(
     setup_core: Path, mock_run_external_process: Mock
 ) -> None:
@@ -369,11 +431,13 @@ def test_ccache_env_enabled_by_default(setup_core: Path) -> None:
 
     with (
         patch.dict(os.environ, {}, clear=True),
-        patch.object(toolchain.shutil, "which", return_value="/usr/bin/ccache"),
+        patch("shutil.which", return_value="/usr/bin/ccache"),
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers.subprocess.run"),
     ):
         env = toolchain._ccache_env()
 
     assert env["ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE"] == "1"
+    assert env["ESPHOME_CCACHE_PATH"] == "/usr/bin/ccache"
     assert env["CCACHE_BASEDIR"] == str((setup_core / "build" / "test").resolve())
     assert env["CCACHE_DIR"].endswith("platformio-ccache")
     assert env["CCACHE_NOHASHDIR"] == "true"
@@ -383,17 +447,106 @@ def test_ccache_env_enabled_by_default(setup_core: Path) -> None:
     assert "ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE" not in os.environ
 
 
-def test_ccache_env_disabled_without_binary(setup_core: Path) -> None:
-    """Ccache stays off when the binary is not on PATH."""
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("env_vars", "expect_warning"),
+    [
+        pytest.param({}, False, id="default"),
+        pytest.param({"ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE": "1"}, True, id="forced-on"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_ccache_env_disabled_without_binary(
+    setup_core: Path,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+    env_vars: dict[str, str],
+    expect_warning: bool,
+) -> None:
+    """Ccache stays off when the binary is not on PATH, even when forced on.
+
+    A deliberate opt-in that finds no binary is downgraded with a warning so
+    the user can tell why it had no effect; the default path stays quiet.
+    """
     CORE.build_path = setup_core / "build" / "test"
 
     with (
-        patch.dict(os.environ, {}, clear=True),
-        patch.object(toolchain.shutil, "which", return_value=None),
+        patch.dict(os.environ, env_vars, clear=True),
+        patch("shutil.which", return_value=None),
+        caplog.at_level("WARNING"),
     ):
         env = toolchain._ccache_env()
 
     assert env == {"ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE": "0"}
+    assert ("no ccache binary is on PATH" in caplog.text) is expect_warning
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "probe_error",
+    [
+        pytest.param(OSError("not runnable"), id="oserror"),
+        pytest.param(subprocess.CalledProcessError(1, "ccache"), id="nonzero-exit"),
+        pytest.param(subprocess.TimeoutExpired("ccache", 15), id="timeout"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_ccache_env_disabled_when_probe_fails(
+    setup_core: Path, probe_error: Exception
+) -> None:
+    """A ccache that resolves on PATH but fails to run stays disabled."""
+    CORE.build_path = setup_core / "build" / "test"
+
+    with (
+        patch.dict(os.environ, {}, clear=True),
+        patch("shutil.which", return_value="/usr/bin/ccache"),
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers.subprocess.run", side_effect=probe_error),
+    ):
+        env = toolchain._ccache_env()
+
+    assert env == {"ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE": "0"}
+
+
+def test_ccache_env_forced_on_skips_probe(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """An explicit ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE=1 does not probe the binary."""
+    CORE.build_path = setup_core / "build" / "test"
+
+    with (
+        patch.dict(os.environ, {"ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE": "1"}, clear=True),
+        patch("shutil.which", return_value="/usr/bin/ccache"),
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers.subprocess.run") as mock_probe,
+    ):
+        env = toolchain._ccache_env()
+
+    assert env["ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE"] == "1"
+    # The binary's location is still handed to the build script.
+    assert env["ESPHOME_CCACHE_PATH"] == "/usr/bin/ccache"
+    mock_probe.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_ccache_env_strips_win_long_path_prefix(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    r"""A ``\\?\`` ccache path from PATH is exported without the prefix.
+
+    That is the shape ESPHome Desktop puts on PATH (#18399); see ``_ccache_env``.
+    """
+    CORE.build_path = setup_core / "build" / "test"
+    prefixed = (
+        "\\\\?\\C:\\Users\\jesse\\AppData\\Local\\ESPHome Device Builder"
+        "\\ccache\\ccache.exe"
+    )
+    stripped = (
+        "C:\\Users\\jesse\\AppData\\Local\\ESPHome Device Builder\\ccache\\ccache.exe"
+    )
+
+    with (
+        patch.dict(os.environ, {}, clear=True),
+        # shutil.which is patched, so the win32 code path of the real
+        # implementation (which crashes on a POSIX host) is never reached.
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers.sys.platform", "win32"),
+        patch("shutil.which", return_value=prefixed),
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers.subprocess.run") as mock_probe,
+    ):
+        env = toolchain._ccache_env()
+
+    assert env["ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE"] == "1"
+    assert env["ESPHOME_CCACHE_PATH"] == stripped
+    # The probe validates the exact string the build will execute.
+    assert mock_probe.call_args[0][0] == [stripped, "--version"]
 
 
 def test_ccache_env_opt_out(setup_core: Path) -> None:
@@ -402,7 +555,7 @@ def test_ccache_env_opt_out(setup_core: Path) -> None:
 
     with (
         patch.dict(os.environ, {"ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE": "0"}, clear=True),
-        patch.object(toolchain.shutil, "which", return_value="/usr/bin/ccache"),
+        patch("shutil.which", return_value="/usr/bin/ccache"),
     ):
         env = toolchain._ccache_env()
 
@@ -415,7 +568,7 @@ def test_ccache_env_normalizes_enable_value(setup_core: Path) -> None:
 
     with (
         patch.dict(os.environ, {"ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE": "yes"}, clear=True),
-        patch.object(toolchain.shutil, "which", return_value=None),
+        patch("shutil.which", return_value="/usr/bin/ccache"),
     ):
         env = toolchain._ccache_env()
 
@@ -434,7 +587,8 @@ def test_ccache_env_respects_user_values_and_refreshes_basedir(
 
     with (
         patch.dict(os.environ, user_env, clear=True),
-        patch.object(toolchain.shutil, "which", return_value="/usr/bin/ccache"),
+        patch("shutil.which", return_value="/usr/bin/ccache"),
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers.subprocess.run"),
     ):
         env = toolchain._ccache_env()
 
@@ -452,7 +606,8 @@ def test_run_platformio_cli_passes_ccache_env_to_subprocess_only(
 
     with (
         patch.dict(os.environ, {}, clear=False),
-        patch.object(toolchain.shutil, "which", return_value="/usr/bin/ccache"),
+        patch("shutil.which", return_value="/usr/bin/ccache"),
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers.subprocess.run"),
     ):
         os.environ.pop("ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE", None)
         mock_run_external_process.return_value = 0
@@ -460,8 +615,10 @@ def test_run_platformio_cli_passes_ccache_env_to_subprocess_only(
 
         env = mock_run_external_process.call_args[1]["env"]
         assert env["ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE"] == "1"
+        assert env["ESPHOME_CCACHE_PATH"] == "/usr/bin/ccache"
         assert env["CCACHE_BASEDIR"] == str((setup_core / "build" / "test").resolve())
         assert "ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE" not in os.environ
+        assert "ESPHOME_CCACHE_PATH" not in os.environ
         assert "CCACHE_BASEDIR" not in os.environ
 
 
@@ -471,7 +628,8 @@ def test_ccache_env_requires_build_path(setup_core: Path) -> None:
 
     with (
         patch.dict(os.environ, {}, clear=True),
-        patch.object(toolchain.shutil, "which", return_value="/usr/bin/ccache"),
+        patch("shutil.which", return_value="/usr/bin/ccache"),
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers.subprocess.run"),
         pytest.raises(ValueError, match="CORE.build_path must be set"),
     ):
         toolchain._ccache_env()
@@ -483,7 +641,10 @@ def test_run_platformio_cli_merges_caller_env(
     """A caller-supplied env is the base and gains the ccache settings."""
     CORE.build_path = str(setup_core / "build" / "test")
 
-    with patch.object(toolchain.shutil, "which", return_value="/usr/bin/ccache"):
+    with (
+        patch("shutil.which", return_value="/usr/bin/ccache"),
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers.subprocess.run"),
+    ):
         mock_run_external_process.return_value = 0
         toolchain.run_platformio_cli(
             "test", env={"CUSTOM_VAR": "1", "ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE": "0"}
@@ -506,38 +667,178 @@ def test_copy_ccache_script(setup_core: Path) -> None:
     assert dest.read_text() == source.read_text()
 
 
+class _FakeSConsEnv(dict):
+    """Just enough of a SCons construction environment for ccache.py."""
+
+    def Replace(self, **kwargs: object) -> None:  # noqa: N802
+        self.update(kwargs)
+
+
+def _load_ccache_script(
+    env_vars: dict[str, str], original_spawn: Callable[..., int] | None = None
+) -> tuple[_FakeSConsEnv, Callable[..., int]]:
+    """Run ccache.py.script against a fake SCons env and return (env, original SPAWN)."""
+    if original_spawn is None:
+        original_spawn = Mock(name="original_spawn", return_value=0)
+    scons_env = _FakeSConsEnv(SPAWN=original_spawn)
+    source = (Path(toolchain.__file__).parent / "ccache.py.script").read_text()
+    with patch.dict(os.environ, env_vars, clear=True):
+        exec(  # noqa: S102
+            compile(source, "ccache.py", "exec"),
+            {"Import": lambda *_names: None, "env": scons_env},
+        )
+    return scons_env, original_spawn
+
+
+def _scons_win32_escape(x: str) -> str:
+    """Copy of ``SCons.Platform.win32.escape``: quote, guarding a trailing backslash."""
+    if x[-1] == "\\":
+        x = x + "\\"
+    return '"' + x + '"'
+
+
+def test_ccache_script_wraps_compiles_with_exported_path() -> None:
+    """The SCons script uses ESPHOME_CCACHE_PATH as given, without a PATH lookup."""
+    ccache_path = "C:\\Users\\jesse\\ESPHome Device Builder\\ccache\\ccache.exe"
+    scons_env, original_spawn = _load_ccache_script(
+        {"ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE": "1", "ESPHOME_CCACHE_PATH": ccache_path}
+    )
+    spawn = scons_env["SPAWN"]
+    assert spawn is not original_spawn
+
+    # A compile step is routed through ccache, with the same path used for
+    # the program and (escaped) as the first argument.
+    compile_args = ["xtensa-lx106-elf-g++", "-o", "main.o", "-c", "main.cpp"]
+    spawn("cmd.exe", _scons_win32_escape, "xtensa-lx106-elf-g++", compile_args, {})
+    original_spawn.assert_called_once_with(
+        "cmd.exe",
+        _scons_win32_escape,
+        ccache_path,
+        [_scons_win32_escape(ccache_path), *compile_args],
+        {},
+    )
+
+    # Link steps pass through untouched.
+    original_spawn.reset_mock()
+    link_args = ["xtensa-lx106-elf-g++", "-o", "firmware.elf", "main.o"]
+    spawn("cmd.exe", _scons_win32_escape, "xtensa-lx106-elf-g++", link_args, {})
+    original_spawn.assert_called_once_with(
+        "cmd.exe", _scons_win32_escape, "xtensa-lx106-elf-g++", link_args, {}
+    )
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    ("platform", "input_path", "expected"),
+    "env_vars",
     [
-        # win32: drive-letter extended-length prefix is stripped
-        (
-            "win32",
-            "\\\\?\\C:\\Users\\jesse\\AppData\\Local\\ESPHome Builder\\python\\python.exe",
-            "C:\\Users\\jesse\\AppData\\Local\\ESPHome Builder\\python\\python.exe",
-        ),
-        # win32: UNC extended-length prefix is translated to a regular UNC path
-        (
-            "win32",
-            "\\\\?\\UNC\\server\\share\\python.exe",
-            "\\\\server\\share\\python.exe",
-        ),
-        # win32: paths without the prefix are returned unchanged
-        (
-            "win32",
-            "C:\\Users\\jesse\\AppData\\Local\\ESPHome Builder\\python\\python.exe",
-            "C:\\Users\\jesse\\AppData\\Local\\ESPHome Builder\\python\\python.exe",
-        ),
-        # non-win32: prefix is left alone (no-op)
-        ("linux", "\\\\?\\C:\\python.exe", "\\\\?\\C:\\python.exe"),
-        ("darwin", "/usr/bin/python3", "/usr/bin/python3"),
+        pytest.param({"ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE": "0"}, id="disabled"),
+        pytest.param({"ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE": "1"}, id="enabled-without-path"),
+        pytest.param({}, id="unset"),
     ],
 )
-def test_strip_win_long_path_prefix(
-    platform: str, input_path: str, expected: str
+def test_ccache_script_leaves_spawn_alone_without_path(
+    env_vars: dict[str, str],
 ) -> None:
-    r"""``\\?\`` and ``\\?\UNC\`` prefixes are stripped only on win32."""
-    with patch("esphome.platformio.toolchain.sys.platform", platform):
-        assert toolchain._strip_win_long_path_prefix(input_path) == expected
+    """Without both the enable flag and a path, SPAWN is not replaced."""
+    scons_env, original_spawn = _load_ccache_script(env_vars)
+    assert scons_env["SPAWN"] is original_spawn
+
+
+def _scons_win32_spawn(
+    sh: str, escape: Callable[[str], str], cmd: str, args: list[str], env: dict
+) -> int:
+    r"""Mirror of ``SCons.Platform.win32.spawn``: every command runs via ``cmd.exe /C``.
+
+    SCons is not importable in the test environment (PlatformIO fetches it at
+    build time), so the lines that matter are mirrored here. The command line
+    SCons hands ``os.spawnve`` goes to ``CreateProcess`` via ``subprocess``
+    instead (identical on Windows, where a string passes through untouched);
+    ``spawnve`` itself crashes inside pytest.
+    """
+    return subprocess.run(
+        " ".join([sh, "/C", escape(" ".join(args))]), env=env, check=False
+    ).returncode
+
+
+_MARKER_ENV = "ESPHOME_TEST_CCACHE_MARKER"
+# Stands in for a compile: the "ccache" is really the Python interpreter, and
+# the compile "flags" make it write a marker file so the test can tell whether
+# the wrapped command actually ran to completion.
+_FAKE_COMPILE_ARGS = [
+    "-c",
+    f"import os, pathlib; pathlib.Path(os.environ['{_MARKER_ENV}']).write_text('compiled')",
+]
+
+
+def _spawn_fake_compile_via_cmd_exe(scons_env: _FakeSConsEnv, marker: Path) -> int:
+    """Run one wrapped compile step the way SCons does on Windows."""
+    child_env = {**os.environ, _MARKER_ENV: str(marker)}
+    return scons_env["SPAWN"](
+        os.environ.get("COMSPEC", "cmd.exe"),
+        _scons_win32_escape,
+        "xtensa-lx106-elf-gcc",
+        [_scons_win32_escape(arg) if " " in arg else arg for arg in _FAKE_COMPILE_ARGS],
+        child_env,
+    )
+
+
+_WINDOWS_ONLY = pytest.mark.skipif(
+    sys.platform != "win32", reason="drives cmd.exe, which SCons uses only on Windows"
+)
+
+
+@_WINDOWS_ONLY
+def test_ccache_env_real_probe_runs_stripped_path(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    r"""With a ``\\?\`` which result, the real probe runs the stripped binary.
+
+    The probe therefore validates the exact string the build will execute
+    through ``cmd.exe``; probing the verbatim path instead would pass even
+    when the stripped path is unusable (``CreateProcess`` accepts
+    extended-length paths, ``cmd.exe`` does not).
+    """
+    CORE.build_path = setup_core / "build" / "test"
+    assert not sys.executable.startswith("\\\\?\\")
+
+    with (
+        patch.dict(os.environ, {}, clear=False),
+        patch("shutil.which", return_value="\\\\?\\" + sys.executable),
+    ):
+        os.environ.pop("ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE", None)
+        env = toolchain._ccache_env()
+
+    assert env["ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE"] == "1"
+    assert env["ESPHOME_CCACHE_PATH"] == sys.executable
+
+
+@_WINDOWS_ONLY
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("prefix", "expect_ok"),
+    [
+        pytest.param("", True, id="stripped-path-compiles"),
+        pytest.param("\\\\?\\", False, id="verbatim-path-fails"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_ccache_wrapper_through_cmd_exe(
+    tmp_path: Path, prefix: str, expect_ok: bool
+) -> None:
+    r"""End to end through ``cmd.exe``: the exported path works, a ``\\?\`` one does not.
+
+    The interpreter stands in for ccache; the spawn mirrors SCons on Windows.
+    The failing case is the mechanism behind #18399 ("The system cannot find
+    the path specified." on every compile step); should it ever start passing,
+    ``cmd.exe`` learned extended-length paths and the strip is no longer needed.
+    """
+    marker = tmp_path / "compiled.txt"
+    scons_env, _ = _load_ccache_script(
+        {"ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE": "1", "ESPHOME_CCACHE_PATH": prefix + sys.executable},
+        original_spawn=_scons_win32_spawn,
+    )
+    assert scons_env["SPAWN"] is not _scons_win32_spawn
+
+    rc = _spawn_fake_compile_via_cmd_exe(scons_env, marker)
+    assert (rc == 0) is expect_ok
+    assert marker.exists() is expect_ok
+    if expect_ok:
+        assert marker.read_text() == "compiled"
 
 
 def test_run_platformio_cli_strips_win_long_path_prefix(
@@ -563,7 +864,7 @@ def test_run_platformio_cli_strips_win_long_path_prefix(
         # so the stdlib sees it too) would send shutil.which down the Windows
         # code path, which crashes on a POSIX host.
         patch.dict(os.environ, {"ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE": "0"}, clear=False),
-        patch("esphome.platformio.toolchain.sys.platform", "win32"),
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers.sys.platform", "win32"),
         patch("esphome.platformio.toolchain.sys.executable", prefixed_exe),
     ):
         # Pop any pre-existing PYTHONEXEPATH so the assertion below reflects
@@ -595,7 +896,7 @@ def test_run_platformio_cli_does_not_set_pythonexepath_without_strip(
 
     with (
         patch.dict(os.environ, {}, clear=False),
-        patch("esphome.platformio.toolchain.sys.platform", "linux"),
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers.sys.platform", "linux"),
         patch("esphome.platformio.toolchain.sys.executable", plain_exe),
     ):
         os.environ.pop("PYTHONEXEPATH", None)
@@ -631,8 +932,13 @@ def test_run_compile(setup_core: Path, mock_run_platformio_cli_run: Mock) -> Non
     config = {CONF_ESPHOME: {CONF_COMPILE_PROCESS_LIMIT: 4}}
     mock_run_platformio_cli_run.return_value = 0
 
-    toolchain.run_compile(config, verbose=True)
+    with patch(
+        "esphome.platformio.prefetch.prefetch_platformio_packages"
+    ) as mock_prefetch:
+        toolchain.run_compile(config, verbose=True)
 
+    # The only wiring of the prefetch into a build lives here
+    mock_prefetch.assert_called_once_with()
     mock_run_platformio_cli_run.assert_called_once_with(config, True, "-j4")
 
 
@@ -646,7 +952,8 @@ def test_run_compile_without_process_limit(
     config = {CONF_ESPHOME: {}}
     mock_run_platformio_cli_run.return_value = 0
 
-    toolchain.run_compile(config, verbose=False)
+    with patch("esphome.platformio.prefetch.prefetch_platformio_packages"):
+        toolchain.run_compile(config, verbose=False)
 
     mock_run_platformio_cli_run.assert_called_once_with(config, False)
 
@@ -1376,8 +1683,8 @@ def pio_core_dir(tmp_path: Path) -> Path:
 
 
 def test_current_python_minor_matches_running_interpreter() -> None:
-    """_current_python_minor returns major.minor of the running interpreter."""
-    assert toolchain._current_python_minor() == _CURRENT_MINOR
+    """current_python_minor returns major.minor of the running interpreter."""
+    assert toolchain.current_python_minor() == _CURRENT_MINOR
 
 
 def test_pio_stamp_round_trip(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_preference_hash_stability.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_preference_hash_stability.py
index d3e5fac36a..d8506afae7 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_preference_hash_stability.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_preference_hash_stability.py
@@ -5,11 +5,11 @@ users to lose stored preferences (calibration values, restore states, etc.) on
 firmware upgrades, or break entity state routing to API clients.
 
 Two algorithms are locked here (see https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/85):
-1. `fnv1_hash_object_id(name)` - the LEGACY hash (snake_case + sanitize, then FNV-1).
-   Existing devices have preferences stored under keys derived from it; slot-based
-   backends (ESP8266, RP2040) keep using it, and key-lookup backends migrate FROM it.
-2. `fnv1_hash_name(name)` - the entity key (FNV-1 over the raw UTF-8 name bytes).
-   Sent to API clients and used as the preference key base on key-lookup backends.
+1. `fnv1_hash_object_id(name)` - the object_id hash (snake_case + sanitize, then FNV-1).
+   The entity key sent to API clients and the base of every stored preference key.
+2. `fnv1_hash_name(name)` - FNV-1 over the raw UTF-8 name bytes. 2026.8 beta
+   firmware stored preferences under keys derived from it; a future key migration
+   must reconstruct those keys to recover that data.
 
 DO NOT CHANGE THE EXPECTED VALUES - if tests fail after modifying a hash algorithm,
 the change breaks backward compatibility and will cause data loss.
@@ -124,8 +124,9 @@ def test_entity_object_id_hash_stability(
     """Verify fnv1_hash_object_id produces stable hashes for entity names.
 
     CRITICAL: These expected values MUST NOT CHANGE. Existing devices have
-    preferences stored under keys derived from this legacy hash; changing it
-    breaks the old-to-new key migration and loses stored preferences.
+    preferences stored under keys derived from this hash, and it is the entity
+    key sent to API clients; changing it loses stored preferences and breaks
+    entity state routing.
     """
     actual = fnv1_hash_object_id(entity_name)
     assert actual == expected_object_id_hash, (
@@ -144,9 +145,8 @@ def compute_legacy_preference_key(
 ) -> int:
     """Compute the legacy preference key: (object_id_hash ^ device_id) ^ version.
 
-    This is the key existing devices have data stored under. Slot-based backends
-    (ESP8266, RP2040) still use it directly; key-lookup backends compute it as the
-    migration source in EntityBase::make_entity_preference_() (entity_base.cpp).
+    This is the key EntityBase::make_entity_preference_() (entity_base.cpp)
+    stores every entity preference under.
     """
     object_id_hash = fnv1_hash_object_id(entity_name)
     preference_hash = object_id_hash ^ device_id
@@ -179,8 +179,8 @@ def test_legacy_preference_key_computation(
 ) -> None:
     """Verify legacy preference key computation matches expected values.
 
-    This test ensures the formula doesn't change, which would break both slot-based
-    preference storage and the migration source keys on key-lookup backends.
+    This test ensures the formula doesn't change, which would lose stored
+    preferences on every platform.
     """
     actual_key = compute_legacy_preference_key(entity_name, version, device_id)
 
@@ -215,12 +215,12 @@ def test_legacy_preference_key_computation(
     ],
 )
 def test_entity_key_hash_stability(entity_name: str, expected_key: int) -> None:
-    """Verify fnv1_hash_name produces stable entity keys.
+    """Verify fnv1_hash_name produces stable raw-name hashes.
 
-    CRITICAL: These expected values MUST NOT CHANGE. The entity key is sent to
-    API clients and is the new preference key base; changing the algorithm
-    would break state routing and lose stored preferences.
-    Must match C++ fnv1_hash_bytes() in esphome/core/helpers.h.
+    CRITICAL: These expected values MUST NOT CHANGE. 2026.8 beta firmware stored
+    preferences under keys derived from this hash; a future key migration must
+    reconstruct those keys, and changing the algorithm would strand that data.
+    Matched C++ fnv1_hash_bytes() (2026.8 beta), which the unrevert restores.
     """
     actual = fnv1_hash_name(entity_name)
     assert actual == expected_key, (
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_size_summary.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_size_summary.py
index 933be88476..0c0852a191 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_size_summary.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_size_summary.py
@@ -126,3 +126,20 @@ def test_print_summary_handles_no_memory_types(
     size_json = _write_size_json(tmp_path, {"image_size": 0})
     print_summary(size_json, partitions_csv=None)
     assert capsys.readouterr().out == ""
+
+
+def test_print_summary_flash_line(
+    tmp_path: Path, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
+) -> None:
+    """A partition table with an app row yields the Flash line in the exact
+    padded shape script/ci_memory_impact_extract.py greps."""
+    size_json = _write_size_json(tmp_path, _esp32_size_data())
+    partitions = tmp_path / "partitions.csv"
+    partitions.write_text(
+        "# name, type, subtype, offset, size, flags\n"
+        "app0, app, ota_0, 0x10000, 0x1C0000,\n"
+    )
+    print_summary(size_json, partitions)
+    out = capsys.readouterr().out
+    assert "Flash: " in out
+    assert "(used 827455 bytes from 1835008 bytes)" in out
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_storage_json.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_storage_json.py
index 01683507c1..857795d02f 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_storage_json.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_storage_json.py
@@ -915,3 +915,102 @@ def test_storage_json_load_area(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     legacy = storage_json.StorageJSON.load(legacy_path)
     assert legacy is not None
     assert legacy.area is None
+
+
+def test_from_esphome_core_without_claiming_a_build(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """claim_build=False carries the build artifact fields from the old
+    sidecar while validation-derived fields still stamp from CORE."""
+    mock_core = MagicMock()
+    mock_core.name = "my_device"
+    mock_core.friendly_name = "My Device"
+    mock_core.comment = None
+    mock_core.address = "my_device.local"
+    mock_core.web_port = None
+    mock_core.target_platform = "esp8266"
+    mock_core.is_esp32 = False
+    mock_core.is_nrf52 = False
+    mock_core.build_path = "/build/my_device"
+    mock_core.loaded_integrations = set()
+    mock_core.loaded_platforms = set()
+    mock_core.config = {}
+    mock_core.target_framework = "arduino"
+    mock_core.toolchain = Toolchain.PLATFORMIO
+    mock_core.area = None
+
+    old = storage_json.StorageJSON.from_wizard(
+        name="my_device",
+        friendly_name="My Device",
+        address="my_device.local",
+        platform="ESP8266",
+    )
+    old.esphome_version = "2025.1.0"
+    old.firmware_bin_path = Path("/old/firmware.bin")
+
+    result = storage_json.StorageJSON.from_esphome_core(
+        mock_core, old, claim_build=False
+    )
+
+    # Build artifact fields carry from the old sidecar, not this run.
+    assert result.esphome_version == "2025.1.0"
+    assert result.firmware_bin_path == Path("/old/firmware.bin")
+    # Validation-derived fields stamp from CORE.
+    assert result.build_path == "/build/my_device"
+    assert result.toolchain == "platformio"
+    assert result.core_platform == "esp8266"
+
+    # With no old sidecar, no build is claimed at all.
+    bare = storage_json.StorageJSON.from_esphome_core(
+        mock_core, None, claim_build=False
+    )
+    assert bare.esphome_version is None
+    assert bare.firmware_bin_path is None
+
+
+def test_load_strict_distinguishes_missing_from_unreadable(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """load_strict returns None only for a missing file; corrupt raises."""
+    assert storage_json.StorageJSON.load_strict(tmp_path / "missing.json") is None
+
+    corrupt = tmp_path / "corrupt.json"
+    corrupt.write_text("{truncated")
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        storage_json.StorageJSON.load_strict(corrupt)
+
+
+def test_as_dict_serializes_unset_paths_as_null(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """Unset build/firmware paths serialize as JSON null, not str(None)."""
+    storage = storage_json.StorageJSON.from_wizard(
+        name="wiz",
+        friendly_name="Wiz",
+        address="wiz.local",
+        platform="ESP32",
+    )
+
+    result = storage.as_dict()
+
+    assert result["build_path"] is None
+    assert result["firmware_bin_path"] is None
+
+
+def test_load_treats_legacy_none_string_paths_as_unset(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Sidecars written before as_dict emitted null hold str(None); those
+    must load as unset, not as Path("None")."""
+    file_path = tmp_path / "legacy_none.json"
+    file_path.write_text(
+        json.dumps(
+            {
+                "storage_version": 1,
+                "name": "wiz",
+                "friendly_name": "Wiz",
+                "esp_platform": "ESP32",
+                "core_platform": "esp32",
+                "build_path": "None",
+                "firmware_bin_path": "None",
+            }
+        )
+    )
+
+    result = storage_json.StorageJSON.load(file_path)
+
+    assert result is not None
+    assert result.build_path is None
+    assert result.firmware_bin_path is None
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_substitutions.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_substitutions.py
index f4063237b1..73c6e496a9 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_substitutions.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_substitutions.py
@@ -744,6 +744,25 @@ def test_include_filename_substitution_undefined_var(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         substitutions.do_substitution_pass(config)
 
 
+def test_include_filename_jinja_expression_with_path_separator(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """A jinja !include whose string literals contain "/" resolves correctly (issue #18545)."""
+    main_file = tmp_path / "main.yaml"
+    main_file.write_text(
+        "substitutions:\n"
+        "  enable_bluetooth_proxy: true\n"
+        "result: !include "
+        '${ "bluetooth/proxy.yaml" if enable_bluetooth_proxy else "../empty.yaml" }\n'
+    )
+    (tmp_path / "bluetooth").mkdir()
+    (tmp_path / "bluetooth" / "proxy.yaml").write_text("value: 42\n")
+
+    config = yaml_util.load_yaml(main_file)
+    config = substitutions.do_substitution_pass(config)
+    assert config["result"] == {"value": 42}
+
+
 def test_raise_first_undefined_logs_extras_at_debug(
     caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
 ) -> None:
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_util.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_util.py
index 02309fbff8..a4b091b7c2 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_util.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_util.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 from collections.abc import Callable
 import io
+import logging
 from pathlib import Path
 import subprocess
 import sys
@@ -13,6 +14,8 @@ from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
 import pytest
 
 from esphome import util
+from esphome.const import KEY_CORE, KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK, KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM
+from esphome.core import CORE
 
 
 def test_list_yaml_files_with_files_and_directories(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -422,6 +425,199 @@ def _make_redirect(
     return redirect, buf
 
 
+def test_redirect_text_flushes_so_piped_output_streams() -> None:
+    """Regression: in-process esptool progress must reach the pipe right away.
+
+    ``run_external_command`` runs esptool inside our own process, so its
+    progress output goes through ``RedirectText.write``. That used to be
+    flushed only because ``colorama.init()`` wrapped stdout in a stream that
+    flushed after every write.
+    """
+    buf = io.BytesIO()
+    piped_stream = io.TextIOWrapper(
+        buf, encoding="utf-8", newline="\n", line_buffering=False
+    )
+    redirect = util.RedirectText(piped_stream)
+
+    redirect.write("Writing at 0x00010000 (50%)\r")
+
+    # No explicit flush here on purpose: RedirectText has to do it.
+    assert buf.getvalue() == b"Writing at 0x00010000 (50%)\r"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "break_char",
+    ["\x0c", "\x0b", "\x1c", "\x1d", "\x1e", "\x85", "\u2028", "\u2029"],
+    ids=["formfeed", "vtab", "fs", "gs", "rs", "nel", "lsep", "psep"],
+)
+def test_redirect_text_keeps_output_after_an_exotic_break_character(
+    break_char: str,
+) -> None:
+    r"""Only ``\n`` and ``\r`` end a line; the rest is ordinary text.
+
+    ``str.splitlines`` treats all of these as line breaks. Splitting on them
+    used to strand the fragment in the buffer and drop every complete line
+    that came after it, which for a form feed in toolchain output meant
+    losing the rest of the build log.
+    """
+    redirect, buf = _make_redirect(filter_lines=["ignore me"])
+
+    redirect.write(f"first{break_char}second\nthird\n")
+
+    assert buf.getvalue() == f"first{break_char}second\nthird\n"
+
+
+def test_redirect_text_treats_crlf_as_one_terminator() -> None:
+    r"""``\r\n``, a lone ``\r`` and a lone ``\n`` each end exactly one line."""
+    redirect, buf = _make_redirect(filter_lines=["ignore me"])
+
+    redirect.write("one\r\ntwo\rthree\nfour")
+
+    # "four" has no terminator yet, so it is held back.
+    assert buf.getvalue() == "one\r\ntwo\rthree\n"
+
+    redirect.drain()
+
+    assert buf.getvalue() == "one\r\ntwo\rthree\nfour\n"
+
+
+def test_redirect_text_drain_releases_held_partial_line() -> None:
+    """A last line with no terminator must still reach the user.
+
+    A tool that dies part way through a line leaves that text in the buffer,
+    and it is usually the message saying what went wrong.
+    """
+    redirect, buf = _make_redirect(filter_lines=["ignore me"])
+    redirect.write("FATAL: ld returned 1 exit status")
+
+    # Still held: no terminator has arrived.
+    assert buf.getvalue() == ""
+
+    redirect.drain()
+
+    assert buf.getvalue() == "FATAL: ld returned 1 exit status\n"
+
+
+def test_redirect_text_drain_still_applies_the_filter() -> None:
+    """Releasing a held line does not smuggle noise past the filter."""
+    redirect, buf = _make_redirect(filter_lines=["Verbose mode can be enabled"])
+    redirect.write("Verbose mode can be enabled")
+
+    redirect.drain()
+
+    assert buf.getvalue() == ""
+
+
+def test_redirect_text_drain_is_a_no_op_when_nothing_is_held() -> None:
+    """Draining twice, or with an empty buffer, writes nothing extra."""
+    redirect, buf = _make_redirect(filter_lines=["ignore me"])
+    redirect.write("complete line\n")
+
+    redirect.drain()
+    redirect.drain()
+
+    assert buf.getvalue() == "complete line\n"
+
+
+def test_flash_error_help_is_quiet_when_core_is_unconfigured(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """Regression: reading the platform used to raise in the runner."""
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(CORE, "data", {})
+    monkeypatch.delenv(util.ESP32_ARDUINO_ENV, raising=False)
+
+    assert util.get_esp32_arduino_flash_error_help() is None
+
+
+def test_flash_error_help_reads_the_env_var_when_core_is_unconfigured(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """The parent tells the subprocess what it cannot work out for itself."""
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(CORE, "data", {})
+    monkeypatch.setenv(util.ESP32_ARDUINO_ENV, "1")
+
+    help_msg = util.get_esp32_arduino_flash_error_help()
+
+    assert help_msg is not None
+    assert "esp-idf" in help_msg
+
+
+def test_is_esp32_arduino_build_raises_on_a_half_filled_core(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """A half filled in CORE is a bug, so it must raise, not fall back."""
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(CORE, "data", {KEY_CORE: {}})
+    monkeypatch.setenv(util.ESP32_ARDUINO_ENV, "1")
+
+    with pytest.raises(KeyError):
+        util.is_esp32_arduino_build()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("platform", "framework", "expected"),
+    [
+        ("esp32", "arduino", True),
+        ("esp32", "esp-idf", False),
+        ("esp8266", "arduino", False),
+    ],
+)
+def test_is_esp32_arduino_build_from_a_configured_core(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, platform: str, framework: str, expected: bool
+) -> None:
+    """With CORE set up, it is the source of truth and the env var is ignored."""
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        CORE,
+        "data",
+        {KEY_CORE: {KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: platform, KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK: framework}},
+    )
+    monkeypatch.delenv(util.ESP32_ARDUINO_ENV, raising=False)
+
+    assert util.is_esp32_arduino_build() is expected
+
+
+def test_redirect_text_survives_a_flash_error_without_core(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """The overflow line goes through even from a process with no CORE."""
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(CORE, "data", {})
+    monkeypatch.delenv(util.ESP32_ARDUINO_ENV, raising=False)
+    redirect, buf = _make_redirect(filter_lines=["ignore me"])
+
+    redirect.write("Error: The program size is greater than maximum allowed\n")
+
+    assert buf.getvalue() == "Error: The program size is greater than maximum allowed\n"
+
+
+def test_redirect_text_adds_flash_size_help(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+    """An out-of-flash error gets the how-to-fix note appended."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        util, "get_esp32_arduino_flash_error_help", lambda: "TIP: switch to esp-idf\n"
+    )
+    redirect, buf = _make_redirect(filter_lines=["ignore me"])
+
+    redirect.write("Error: The program size is greater than maximum allowed\n")
+
+    assert "Error: The program size" in buf.getvalue()
+    assert "TIP: switch to esp-idf" in buf.getvalue()
+
+
+def test_redirect_text_skips_flash_size_help_on_other_platforms(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """The note is ESP32-with-Arduino only, so elsewhere the line stands alone."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(util, "get_esp32_arduino_flash_error_help", lambda: None)
+    redirect, buf = _make_redirect(filter_lines=["ignore me"])
+
+    redirect.write("Error: The program size is greater than maximum allowed\n")
+
+    assert buf.getvalue() == "Error: The program size is greater than maximum allowed\n"
+
+
 def test_redirect_text_callback_called_on_matching_line() -> None:
     """Test that a line callback is called and its output is written."""
     results: list[str] = []
@@ -551,6 +747,140 @@ def test_run_external_command_line_callbacks(capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture) -> N
     assert "CALLBACK FIRED" in captured.out
 
 
+def test_run_external_command_drains_partial_line(
+    capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A command that stops mid line still shows that line.
+
+    esptool runs in-process here, so a message it writes without a trailing
+    newline would otherwise be dropped when the streams are put back.
+    """
+
+    def fake_main() -> int:
+        print("A fatal error occurred: no serial data", end="")
+        return 1
+
+    rc = util.run_external_command(fake_main, "fake", filter_lines=["ignore me"])
+
+    assert rc == 1
+    assert "A fatal error occurred: no serial data" in capsys.readouterr().out
+
+
+def test_run_external_command_drains_on_early_exit(
+    capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """The drain also happens when the command exits through ``sys.exit``."""
+
+    def fake_main() -> int:
+        print("Fatal: bailing out", end="")
+        sys.exit(3)
+
+    rc = util.run_external_command(fake_main, "fake", filter_lines=["ignore me"])
+
+    assert rc == 3
+    assert "Fatal: bailing out" in capsys.readouterr().out
+
+
+def test_run_external_command_capture_stdout_has_nothing_to_drain() -> None:
+    """With ``capture_stdout`` there is nothing held to write out.
+
+    The stdout wrapper still gets built, but ``sys.stdout`` is replaced by
+    the capture buffer right after, so the wrapper never sees a write and
+    draining it does nothing.
+    """
+
+    def fake_main() -> int:
+        print("captured output", end="")
+        return 0
+
+    out = util.run_external_command(
+        fake_main, "fake", capture_stdout=True, filter_lines=["ignore me"]
+    )
+
+    assert out == "captured output"
+
+
+def test_run_external_command_survives_a_command_that_swaps_stdout(
+    capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """Draining must not depend on what the command left in ``sys.stdout``.
+
+    A command is free to replace the stream; reaching for ``drain`` on
+    whatever it left there would raise from the cleanup path and bury the
+    real exit code.
+    """
+
+    def fake_main() -> int:
+        print("before the swap", end="")
+        sys.stdout = io.StringIO()
+        sys.exit(7)
+
+    rc = util.run_external_command(fake_main, "fake", filter_lines=["ignore me"])
+
+    assert rc == 7
+    assert "before the swap" in capsys.readouterr().out
+
+
+def test_drain_reports_the_lost_line_instead_of_raising(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A broken stream during cleanup is reported, not raised.
+
+    The warning carries the held text, because the stream we were asked to
+    write it to is the one that just failed.
+    """
+    caplog.set_level(logging.WARNING, logger=util.__name__)
+    out = MagicMock()
+    out.write.side_effect = BrokenPipeError("pipe is gone")
+    redirect = util.RedirectText(out, filter_lines=["ignore me"])
+    redirect.write("FATAL: ld returned 1 exit status")
+
+    redirect.drain()
+
+    assert "pipe is gone" in caplog.text
+    assert "FATAL: ld returned 1 exit status" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_drain_lets_other_errors_through() -> None:
+    """Only an unusable stream is tolerated; a bug still has to be visible."""
+
+    def broken_callback(line: str) -> str | None:
+        raise TypeError("a line callback is broken")
+
+    redirect, _buf = _make_redirect(line_callbacks=[broken_callback])
+    redirect.write("a line with no terminator")
+
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+        redirect.drain()
+
+
+def test_run_external_command_drains_stderr_even_if_stdout_drain_raises(
+    capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """One stream failing must not strand the other's held line.
+
+    ``drain`` deliberately lets anything that is not a stream error through,
+    so a broken line callback would otherwise skip the stderr drain and take
+    that line down with it.
+    """
+
+    def broken_on_stdout(line: str) -> str | None:
+        if "stdout" in line:
+            raise TypeError("a line callback is broken")
+        return None
+
+    def fake_main() -> int:
+        print("stdout partial", end="")
+        print("stderr FATAL: the real reason", end="", file=sys.stderr)
+        return 0
+
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+        util.run_external_command(fake_main, "fake", line_callbacks=[broken_on_stdout])
+
+    # The bug still surfaces, but stderr's held line was written first.
+    assert "stderr FATAL: the real reason" in capsys.readouterr().err
+
+
 def test_run_external_process_line_callbacks() -> None:
     """Test that run_external_process passes line_callbacks to RedirectText."""
     results: list[str] = []
@@ -717,7 +1047,6 @@ class TestSafePrint:
     @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
     def _no_dashboard(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
         """Default ``CORE.dashboard`` to False so each test starts hermetic."""
-        from esphome.core import CORE
 
         monkeypatch.setattr(CORE, "dashboard", False)
 
@@ -739,12 +1068,36 @@ class TestSafePrint:
         monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
     ) -> None:
         r"""Dashboard mode escapes raw ``\033`` ESC bytes to literal ``\\033``."""
-        from esphome.core import CORE
 
         monkeypatch.setattr(CORE, "dashboard", True)
         util.safe_print("\033[0;32mhi\033[0m")
         assert capsys.readouterr().out == "\\033[0;32mhi\\033[0m\n"
 
+    def test_flushes_so_piped_output_streams(
+        self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+    ) -> None:
+        """Regression: each line must reach the OS pipe right away.
+
+        The dashboard runs ``esphome logs`` with stdout as a pipe, which
+        Python block buffers at 8 KiB. Log lines used to be flushed only
+        because ``colorama.init()`` wrapped stdout in a stream that flushed
+        after every write; once that wrapping was skipped for dashboard runs
+        the lines sat in the buffer and the log view stayed empty until
+        enough output piled up to fill it.
+        """
+        buf = io.BytesIO()
+        # newline="\n" keeps Windows from rewriting the terminator to "\r\n";
+        # this test is about flushing, not about line endings.
+        piped_stream = io.TextIOWrapper(
+            buf, encoding="utf-8", newline="\n", line_buffering=False
+        )
+        monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "stdout", piped_stream)
+
+        util.safe_print("live log line")
+
+        # No explicit flush here on purpose: safe_print has to do it.
+        assert buf.getvalue() == b"live log line\n"
+
     def test_fallback_writes_string_not_bytes_repr(
         self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
     ) -> None:
@@ -764,7 +1117,7 @@ class TestSafePrint:
         monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "stdout", cp1252_stream)
 
         util.safe_print("bars: \u2582\u2584\u2586\u2588 done")
-        cp1252_stream.flush()
+        # No explicit flush: the fallback path has to flush too.
         output = buf.getvalue().decode("cp1252")
 
         # Output is a clean line, not the bytes repr.
@@ -781,7 +1134,6 @@ class TestSafePrint:
         self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
     ) -> None:
         """Dashboard ESC escaping + cp1252 fallback compose correctly."""
-        from esphome.core import CORE
 
         monkeypatch.setattr(CORE, "dashboard", True)
         buf = io.BytesIO()
@@ -789,7 +1141,7 @@ class TestSafePrint:
         monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "stdout", cp1252_stream)
 
         util.safe_print("\033[0;32m\u2582\u2584\u2586\u2588\033[0m")
-        cp1252_stream.flush()
+        # No explicit flush: the fallback path has to flush too.
         output = buf.getvalue().decode("cp1252")
 
         # Dashboard escaping turned ESC into literal "\033" (5 chars), which
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_vscode.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_vscode.py
index 63bdf3e255..9b7d1e9504 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_vscode.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_vscode.py
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ from pathlib import Path
 from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
 
 from esphome import vscode
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError
 
 
 def _run_repl_test(input_data):
@@ -126,3 +128,67 @@ packages:
     assert range["start_col"] == 2
     assert range["end_line"] == 1
     assert range["end_col"] == 7
+
+
+def _explode(*_args: object, **_kwargs: object) -> None:
+    raise AttributeError("'NoneType' object has no attribute 'get'")
+
+
+def test_unexpected_error_reports_origin() -> None:
+    source_path = str(Path("dir_path", "x.yaml"))
+    with patch("esphome.vscode.validate_config", _explode):
+        output_lines = _run_repl_test(
+            [
+                _validate(source_path),
+                _file_response("""esphome:
+  name: test1
+"""),
+            ]
+        )
+
+    result = json.loads(output_lines[-1])
+    assert result["validation_errors"] == []
+    (error,) = result["yaml_errors"]
+    assert error["message"].startswith(
+        "Unexpected error while validating: AttributeError: "
+        "'NoneType' object has no attribute 'get' ("
+    )
+    assert "test_vscode.py" in error["message"]
+    assert error["message"].endswith(" in _explode)")
+
+
+def test_esphome_error_stays_plain() -> None:
+    source_path = str(Path("dir_path", "x.yaml"))
+    with patch("esphome.vscode.validate_config", side_effect=EsphomeError("boom")):
+        output_lines = _run_repl_test(
+            [
+                _validate(source_path),
+                _file_response("""esphome:
+  name: test1
+"""),
+            ]
+        )
+
+    result = json.loads(output_lines[-1])
+    assert result["yaml_errors"] == [{"message": "boom"}]
+
+
+def test_invalid_stays_plain() -> None:
+    source_path = str(Path("dir_path", "x.yaml"))
+    with patch("esphome.vscode.validate_config", side_effect=cv.Invalid("bad value")):
+        output_lines = _run_repl_test(
+            [
+                _validate(source_path),
+                _file_response("""esphome:
+  name: test1
+"""),
+            ]
+        )
+
+    result = json.loads(output_lines[-1])
+    assert result["yaml_errors"] == [{"message": "bad value"}]
+
+
+def test_format_unexpected_error_without_traceback() -> None:
+    message = vscode._format_unexpected_error(ValueError("boom"))
+    assert message == "Unexpected error while validating: ValueError: boom"
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_web_server_helpers.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_web_server_helpers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0280630d69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_web_server_helpers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+"""Unit tests for esphome.web_server_helpers module."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import socket
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_AUTH,
+    CONF_PASSWORD,
+    CONF_PORT,
+    CONF_USERNAME,
+    CONF_WEB_SERVER,
+)
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError
+from esphome.web_server_helpers import (
+    get_web_server_connection,
+    resolve_web_server_urls,
+)
+
+
+def test_resolve_web_server_urls_maps_ipv4_and_ipv6(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """Each resolved address becomes an (ip, url) pair with IPv6 bracketing."""
+    addr_infos = [
+        (socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM, 0, "", ("192.168.1.5", 80)),
+        (socket.AF_INET6, socket.SOCK_STREAM, 0, "", ("fe80::1", 80, 0, 7)),
+    ]
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        "esphome.web_server_helpers.resolve_ip_address",
+        lambda *args, **kwargs: addr_infos,
+    )
+
+    assert resolve_web_server_urls("dev.local", 80, "/events") == [
+        ("192.168.1.5", "http://192.168.1.5:80/events"),
+        ("fe80::1", "http://[fe80::1%257]:80/events"),
+    ]
+
+
+def test_get_web_server_connection_without_auth() -> None:
+    """Port is returned and credentials are None when no auth is configured."""
+    config = {CONF_WEB_SERVER: {CONF_PORT: 80}}
+
+    assert get_web_server_connection(config) == (80, None, None)
+
+
+def test_get_web_server_connection_with_auth() -> None:
+    """Port and HTTP Basic credentials are returned when auth is configured."""
+    config = {
+        CONF_WEB_SERVER: {
+            CONF_PORT: 8080,
+            CONF_AUTH: {CONF_USERNAME: "admin", CONF_PASSWORD: "secret"},
+        }
+    }
+
+    assert get_web_server_connection(config) == (8080, "admin", "secret")
+
+
+def test_get_web_server_connection_missing_component() -> None:
+    """A config without web_server raises a clear error."""
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="web_server.*not configured"):
+        get_web_server_connection({})
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_web_server_logs.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_web_server_logs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bbdf37bed7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_web_server_logs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,397 @@
+"""Unit tests for esphome.web_server_logs module."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Iterator
+import logging
+import socket
+from typing import Self
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock
+
+import pytest
+import requests
+from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
+
+from esphome import web_server_logs
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError
+from esphome.web_server_logs import (
+    EVENTS_PATH,
+    WebServerLogsError,
+    _build_urls,
+    _consume,
+    _stream,
+    run_logs,
+)
+
+# A realistic slice of the web_server /events SSE stream: an initial ping
+# carrying the config, a state frame, two log frames (one multi-line), plus
+# comment/id/retry lines that must be ignored.
+SSE_LINES = [
+    "retry: 30000",
+    "id: 12345",
+    "event: ping",
+    'data: {"title":"dev","log":true}',
+    "",
+    "event: state",
+    'data: {"id":"sensor-x","state":"ON"}',
+    "",
+    "event: log",
+    "data: \x1b[0;32m[I][main:001]: hello\x1b[0m",
+    "",
+    ": keepalive-comment",
+    "event: log",
+    "data: line one",
+    "data: line two",
+    "",
+]
+
+
+class _FakeResponse:
+    """Minimal stand-in for a streamed ``requests`` response."""
+
+    def __init__(self, status_code: int, lines: list[str]) -> None:
+        self.status_code = status_code
+        self._lines = lines
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> Self:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *exc: object) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    def iter_lines(self) -> Iterator[bytes]:
+        for line in self._lines:
+            yield line.encode("utf8")
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def fake_parser() -> MagicMock:
+    """A LogParser whose parse_line returns the raw line unchanged."""
+    parser = MagicMock()
+    parser.parse_line.side_effect = lambda line, time_str: line
+    return parser
+
+
+def _patch_resolve(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    addr_infos: list[tuple[int, int, int, str, tuple]],
+) -> None:
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        "esphome.web_server_helpers.resolve_ip_address",
+        lambda *args, **kwargs: addr_infos,
+    )
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# _build_urls
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_build_urls_ipv4(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+    """An IPv4 host resolves to a plain http://ip:port/events URL."""
+    _patch_resolve(
+        monkeypatch,
+        [(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM, 0, "", ("192.168.1.5", 80))],
+    )
+
+    assert _build_urls(["dev.local"], 80) == [
+        ("192.168.1.5", f"http://192.168.1.5:80{EVENTS_PATH}")
+    ]
+
+
+def test_build_urls_ipv6_brackets_and_zone(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+    """IPv6 literals are bracketed; link-local addresses get a %25 zone index."""
+    _patch_resolve(
+        monkeypatch,
+        [(socket.AF_INET6, socket.SOCK_STREAM, 0, "", ("fe80::1", 8080, 0, 7))],
+    )
+
+    assert _build_urls(["dev.local"], 8080) == [
+        ("fe80::1", f"http://[fe80::1%257]:8080{EVENTS_PATH}")
+    ]
+
+
+def test_build_urls_dedups_and_skips_unresolvable(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """Duplicate resolved IPs collapse to one URL; resolve errors are skipped."""
+    calls: list[str] = []
+
+    def fake_resolve(host: str, port: int, **kwargs: object) -> list[tuple]:
+        calls.append(host)
+        if host == "bad":
+            raise EsphomeError("nope")
+        return [(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM, 0, "", ("10.0.0.1", port))]
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr("esphome.web_server_helpers.resolve_ip_address", fake_resolve)
+
+    # "good" and "dup" both resolve to 10.0.0.1, "bad" raises.
+    assert _build_urls(["good", "bad", "dup"], 80) == [
+        ("10.0.0.1", f"http://10.0.0.1:80{EVENTS_PATH}")
+    ]
+    assert calls == ["good", "bad", "dup"]
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# _consume (SSE parsing)
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_consume_emits_only_log_frames(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, fake_parser: MagicMock
+) -> None:
+    """Only event: log data lines are printed; ping/state/comments are ignored."""
+    printed: list[str] = []
+    monkeypatch.setattr(web_server_logs, "safe_print", printed.append)
+
+    _consume(_FakeResponse(200, SSE_LINES), fake_parser)
+
+    assert printed == [
+        "\x1b[0;32m[I][main:001]: hello\x1b[0m",
+        "line one",
+        "line two",
+    ]
+
+
+def test_consume_ignores_unterminated_trailing_frame(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, fake_parser: MagicMock
+) -> None:
+    """A log frame without its terminating blank line is not emitted."""
+    printed: list[str] = []
+    monkeypatch.setattr(web_server_logs, "safe_print", printed.append)
+
+    _consume(_FakeResponse(200, ["event: log", "data: dangling"]), fake_parser)
+
+    assert printed == []
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# _stream
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_stream_returns_false_when_connect_fails(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    fake_parser: MagicMock,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A failed connection logs a warning and reports not-connected."""
+
+    def boom(*args: object, **kwargs: object) -> _FakeResponse:
+        raise requests.ConnectionError("refused")
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(requests, "get", boom)
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        assert (
+            _stream("http://10.0.0.1:80/events", "10.0.0.1", None, fake_parser) is False
+        )
+    assert "Could not connect to 10.0.0.1" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_stream_returns_true_when_established_then_dropped(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    fake_parser: MagicMock,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A mid-stream drop after connecting reports connected so we reconnect."""
+    printed: list[str] = []
+    monkeypatch.setattr(web_server_logs, "safe_print", printed.append)
+
+    class _DroppingResponse(_FakeResponse):
+        def iter_lines(self) -> Iterator[bytes]:
+            yield b"event: log"
+            yield b"data: before-drop"
+            yield b""
+            raise requests.exceptions.ChunkedEncodingError("connection lost")
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(requests, "get", lambda *a, **kw: _DroppingResponse(200, []))
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.INFO):
+        assert (
+            _stream("http://10.0.0.1:80/events", "10.0.0.1", None, fake_parser) is True
+        )
+    assert printed == ["before-drop"]
+    assert "reconnecting" in caplog.text
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# run_logs
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_run_logs_streams_then_reconnects_until_interrupt(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """A dropped stream reconnects; KeyboardInterrupt during the pause exits 0."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        web_server_logs,
+        "_build_urls",
+        lambda hosts, port: [("10.0.0.1", "http://10.0.0.1:80/events")],
+    )
+    printed: list[str] = []
+    monkeypatch.setattr(web_server_logs, "safe_print", printed.append)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(requests, "get", lambda *a, **kw: _FakeResponse(200, SSE_LINES))
+
+    def stop(_delay: float) -> None:
+        raise KeyboardInterrupt
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(web_server_logs.time, "sleep", stop)
+
+    assert run_logs(["dev.local"], 80, None, None) == 0
+    # The single stream was consumed before the reconnect pause interrupted us.
+    # run_logs renders through the real LogParser, which prefixes a timestamp,
+    # so assert on the payloads rather than exact equality.
+    assert len(printed) == 3
+    assert "[I][main:001]: hello" in printed[0]
+    assert "line one" in printed[1]
+    assert "line two" in printed[2]
+
+
+def test_run_logs_passes_basic_auth(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+    """Username + password are forwarded as HTTP Basic auth on the request."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        web_server_logs,
+        "_build_urls",
+        lambda hosts, port: [("10.0.0.1", "http://10.0.0.1:80/events")],
+    )
+    monkeypatch.setattr(web_server_logs, "safe_print", lambda line: None)
+    captured: dict[str, object] = {}
+
+    def fake_get(url: str, **kwargs: object) -> _FakeResponse:
+        captured.update(kwargs)
+        captured["url"] = url
+        return _FakeResponse(200, SSE_LINES)
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(requests, "get", fake_get)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        web_server_logs.time,
+        "sleep",
+        lambda _d: (_ for _ in ()).throw(KeyboardInterrupt()),
+    )
+
+    assert run_logs(["dev.local"], 80, "admin", "secret") == 0
+    auth = captured["auth"]
+    assert isinstance(auth, HTTPBasicAuth)
+    assert (auth.username, auth.password) == ("admin", "secret")
+    assert captured["stream"] is True
+    assert captured["headers"] == {"Accept": "text/event-stream"}
+
+
+def test_run_logs_no_auth_when_credentials_missing(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """No auth object is sent when username/password are not configured."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        web_server_logs,
+        "_build_urls",
+        lambda hosts, port: [("10.0.0.1", "http://10.0.0.1:80/events")],
+    )
+    monkeypatch.setattr(web_server_logs, "safe_print", lambda line: None)
+    captured: dict[str, object] = {}
+
+    def fake_get(url: str, **kwargs: object) -> _FakeResponse:
+        captured.update(kwargs)
+        return _FakeResponse(200, SSE_LINES)
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(requests, "get", fake_get)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        web_server_logs.time,
+        "sleep",
+        lambda _d: (_ for _ in ()).throw(KeyboardInterrupt()),
+    )
+
+    assert run_logs(["dev.local"], 80, None, None) == 0
+    assert captured["auth"] is None
+
+
+def test_run_logs_raises_on_auth_failure(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+    """HTTP 401 aborts with a clear error rather than reconnecting forever."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        web_server_logs,
+        "_build_urls",
+        lambda hosts, port: [("10.0.0.1", "http://10.0.0.1:80/events")],
+    )
+    monkeypatch.setattr(requests, "get", lambda *a, **kw: _FakeResponse(401, []))
+
+    with pytest.raises(WebServerLogsError, match="Authentication failed"):
+        run_logs(["dev.local"], 80, "admin", "bad")
+
+
+def test_run_logs_retries_on_transient_status(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A transient non-200 (e.g. 503) is logged and the loop retries."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        web_server_logs,
+        "_build_urls",
+        lambda hosts, port: [("10.0.0.1", "http://10.0.0.1:80/events")],
+    )
+    monkeypatch.setattr(requests, "get", lambda *a, **kw: _FakeResponse(503, []))
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        web_server_logs.time,
+        "sleep",
+        lambda _d: (_ for _ in ()).throw(KeyboardInterrupt()),
+    )
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.ERROR):
+        assert run_logs(["dev.local"], 80, None, None) == 0
+    assert "Unexpected HTTP 503" in caplog.text
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("status", (403, 404))
+def test_run_logs_raises_on_permanent_status(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, status: int
+) -> None:
+    """A permanent 403/404 aborts instead of retrying the endpoint forever."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        web_server_logs,
+        "_build_urls",
+        lambda hosts, port: [("10.0.0.1", "http://10.0.0.1:80/events")],
+    )
+    monkeypatch.setattr(requests, "get", lambda *a, **kw: _FakeResponse(status, []))
+
+    with pytest.raises(WebServerLogsError, match=str(status)):
+        run_logs(["dev.local"], 80, None, None)
+
+
+def test_run_logs_backs_off_on_repeated_failure(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """Consecutive unreachable attempts grow the reconnect delay up to the cap."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(web_server_logs, "_build_urls", lambda hosts, port: [])
+    delays: list[float] = []
+
+    def record(delay: float) -> None:
+        delays.append(delay)
+        if len(delays) >= 4:
+            raise KeyboardInterrupt
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(web_server_logs.time, "sleep", record)
+
+    assert run_logs(["dev.local"], 80, None, None) == 0
+    # 1 -> 2 -> 4 -> 8 ... doubling, capped at MAX_RECONNECT_DELAY (10.0).
+    assert delays == [2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 10.0]
+
+
+def test_run_logs_reports_unresolvable(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """When no host resolves, an error is logged and the loop pauses/retries."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(web_server_logs, "_build_urls", lambda hosts, port: [])
+
+    # Let the first reconnect pause pass so the loop continues, then interrupt
+    # on the second so the retry path (the ``continue``) is exercised.
+    sleeps = {"n": 0}
+
+    def sleep(_delay: float) -> None:
+        sleeps["n"] += 1
+        if sleeps["n"] >= 2:
+            raise KeyboardInterrupt
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(web_server_logs.time, "sleep", sleep)
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.ERROR):
+        assert run_logs(["dev.local"], 80, None, None) == 0
+    assert sleeps["n"] == 2
+    assert "Could not resolve" in caplog.text
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_web_server_ota.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_web_server_ota.py
index 606905e36e..bde04f4db7 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_web_server_ota.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_web_server_ota.py
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ def _patch_resolve(
         for host, port in hosts
     ]
     monkeypatch.setattr(
-        "esphome.web_server_ota.resolve_ip_address", lambda *a, **kw: addr_infos
+        "esphome.web_server_helpers.resolve_ip_address", lambda *a, **kw: addr_infos
     )
 
 
@@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ def test_run_ota_resolution_failure(
     def _raise(*_args, **_kwargs):
         raise EsphomeError("dns failed")
 
-    monkeypatch.setattr("esphome.web_server_ota.resolve_ip_address", _raise)
+    monkeypatch.setattr("esphome.web_server_helpers.resolve_ip_address", _raise)
 
     exit_code, host = run_ota(["does.not.exist"], 80, None, None, firmware)
 
@@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ def test_run_ota_resolution_failure_dashboard_mode(
     def _raise(*_args, **_kwargs):
         raise EsphomeError("dns failed")
 
-    monkeypatch.setattr("esphome.web_server_ota.resolve_ip_address", _raise)
+    monkeypatch.setattr("esphome.web_server_helpers.resolve_ip_address", _raise)
     monkeypatch.setattr(CORE, "dashboard", True)
     try:
         exit_code, host = run_ota(["does.not.exist"], 80, None, None, firmware)
@@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ def test_run_ota_multiple_hosts_first_fails(
     def _resolve(host, port, address_cache=None):  # noqa: ARG001
         return addr_lookup[host]
 
-    monkeypatch.setattr("esphome.web_server_ota.resolve_ip_address", _resolve)
+    monkeypatch.setattr("esphome.web_server_helpers.resolve_ip_address", _resolve)
 
     with patch(
         "esphome.web_server_ota.requests.post",
@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ def test_run_ota_all_hosts_return_failure_no_exception(
     def _resolve(host, port, address_cache=None):  # noqa: ARG001
         return addr_lookup[host]
 
-    monkeypatch.setattr("esphome.web_server_ota.resolve_ip_address", _resolve)
+    monkeypatch.setattr("esphome.web_server_helpers.resolve_ip_address", _resolve)
 
     exit_code, host = run_ota(["a.local", "b.local"], 80, None, None, firmware)
 
@@ -633,7 +633,7 @@ def test_run_ota_ipv6_url_brackets_host(
         (socket.AF_INET6, socket.SOCK_STREAM, 0, "", ("2001:db8::1", 80, 0, 0)),
     ]
     monkeypatch.setattr(
-        "esphome.web_server_ota.resolve_ip_address", lambda *a, **kw: addr_infos
+        "esphome.web_server_helpers.resolve_ip_address", lambda *a, **kw: addr_infos
     )
 
     with patch(
@@ -656,7 +656,7 @@ def test_run_ota_ipv6_link_local_includes_scope_id(
         (socket.AF_INET6, socket.SOCK_STREAM, 0, "", ("fe80::1", 80, 0, 3)),
     ]
     monkeypatch.setattr(
-        "esphome.web_server_ota.resolve_ip_address", lambda *a, **kw: addr_infos
+        "esphome.web_server_helpers.resolve_ip_address", lambda *a, **kw: addr_infos
     )
 
     with patch(
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_writer.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_writer.py
index 46e60ebd8e..47feae3e3c 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_writer.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_writer.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
 
 import pytest
 
+from esphome.build_helpers.tools_cache import TOOLS_CACHE_SPECS
 from esphome.const import (
     PLATFORM_BK72XX,
     PLATFORM_ESP32,
@@ -68,15 +69,12 @@ def _isolate_platformio_paths(tmp_path_factory: pytest.TempPathFactory) -> Any:
     test_clean_all_partial_exists) install their own inner patch which
     stacks on top of this one and wins for the duration of their block.
 
-    Also pin ``ESPHOME_ESP_IDF_PREFIX`` and ``ESPHOME_SDK_NRF_PREFIX`` to
-    nonexistent tmp dirs, and patch ``platformdirs.user_cache_dir``, for the
-    same reason: ``clean_all`` removes the machine-global toolchain installs
+    Also pin every ``TOOLS_CACHE_SPECS`` env override to a nonexistent tmp
+    dir, and patch ``platformdirs.user_cache_dir``, for the same reason: ``clean_all`` removes the machine-global toolchain installs
     and their default cache root, which otherwise resolve to the real
     ``~/.cache/esphome``.
     """
     pio_root = tmp_path_factory.mktemp("isolated_pio") / "nonexistent"
-    idf_root = tmp_path_factory.mktemp("isolated_idf") / "nonexistent"
-    sdk_nrf_root = tmp_path_factory.mktemp("isolated_sdk_nrf") / "nonexistent"
     cache_root = tmp_path_factory.mktemp("isolated_cache") / "nonexistent"
     mock_cfg = MagicMock()
     mock_cfg.get.side_effect = lambda section, option: (
@@ -90,8 +88,12 @@ def _isolate_platformio_paths(tmp_path_factory: pytest.TempPathFactory) -> Any:
         patch.dict(
             "os.environ",
             {
-                "ESPHOME_ESP_IDF_PREFIX": str(idf_root),
-                "ESPHOME_SDK_NRF_PREFIX": str(sdk_nrf_root),
+                # Derived from the registry so a new backend's cache can
+                # never drift out of the sandbox and hit a real toolchain
+                env_var: str(
+                    tmp_path_factory.mktemp(f"isolated_{subdir}") / "nonexistent"
+                )
+                for env_var, subdir in TOOLS_CACHE_SPECS
             },
         ),
         patch("platformdirs.user_cache_dir", return_value=str(cache_root)),
@@ -1057,6 +1059,28 @@ def test_clean_all_removes_global_sdk_nrf_install(
     assert str(sdk_nrf_install.resolve()) in caplog.text
 
 
+@patch("esphome.writer.CORE")
+def test_clean_all_removes_global_arduino8266_install(
+    mock_core: MagicMock,
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """clean_all removes the machine-global native arduino8266 install dir."""
+    arduino8266_install = tmp_path / "arduino8266_install"
+    (arduino8266_install / "frameworks").mkdir(parents=True)
+    monkeypatch.setenv("ESPHOME_ARDUINO8266_PREFIX", str(arduino8266_install))
+
+    config_dir = tmp_path / "config"
+    config_dir.mkdir()
+
+    with caplog.at_level("INFO"):
+        clean_all([str(config_dir)])
+
+    assert not arduino8266_install.exists()
+    assert str(arduino8266_install.resolve()) in caplog.text
+
+
 @patch("esphome.writer.CORE")
 def test_clean_all_removes_default_cache_root(
     mock_core: MagicMock,
@@ -2041,6 +2065,38 @@ def test_copy_src_tree_writes_build_info_files(
     assert build_info_json["esphome_version"] == "2025.1.0-dev"
 
 
+def _setup_build_info_mocks(
+    mock_core: MagicMock,
+    mock_iter_components: MagicMock,
+    mock_walk_files: MagicMock,
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> Path:
+    """Point CORE at tmp_path and return the build_info.json path."""
+    src_path = tmp_path / "src"
+    (src_path / "esphome" / "core").mkdir(parents=True)
+    build_path = tmp_path / "build"
+    build_path.mkdir()
+    mock_core.relative_src_path.side_effect = src_path.joinpath
+    mock_core.relative_build_path.side_effect = build_path.joinpath
+    mock_core.defines = []
+    mock_core.config_hash = 0xDEADBEEF
+    mock_core.comment = ""
+    mock_core.target_platform = "test_platform"
+    mock_core.config = {}
+    mock_iter_components.return_value = []
+    mock_walk_files.return_value = []
+    return build_path / "build_info.json"
+
+
+def _run_copy_src_tree(version: str = "2025.1.0-dev") -> None:
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.writer.__version__", version),
+        patch("esphome.writer.importlib.import_module") as mock_import,
+    ):
+        mock_import.side_effect = AttributeError
+        copy_src_tree()
+
+
 @patch("esphome.writer.CORE")
 @patch("esphome.writer.iter_components")
 @patch("esphome.writer.walk_files")
@@ -2050,59 +2106,17 @@ def test_copy_src_tree_detects_config_hash_change(
     mock_core: MagicMock,
     tmp_path: Path,
 ) -> None:
-    """Test copy_src_tree detects when config_hash changes."""
-    # Setup directory structure
-    src_path = tmp_path / "src"
-    src_path.mkdir()
-    esphome_core_path = src_path / "esphome" / "core"
-    esphome_core_path.mkdir(parents=True)
-    build_path = tmp_path / "build"
-    build_path.mkdir()
-
-    # Create existing build_info.json with different config_hash
-    build_info_json_path = build_path / "build_info.json"
-    build_info_json_path.write_text(
-        json.dumps(
-            {
-                "config_hash": 0x12345678,  # Different from current
-                "build_time": 1700000000,
-                "build_time_str": "2023-11-14 22:13:20 +0000",
-                "esphome_version": "2025.1.0-dev",
-            }
-        )
+    """A changed config_hash regenerates build_info after a steady-state run."""
+    build_info_json_path = _setup_build_info_mocks(
+        mock_core, mock_iter_components, mock_walk_files, tmp_path
     )
+    _run_copy_src_tree()
+    assert json.loads(build_info_json_path.read_text())["config_hash"] == 0xDEADBEEF
 
-    # Create existing build_info_data.h
-    build_info_h_path = esphome_core_path / "build_info_data.h"
-    build_info_h_path.write_text("// old build_info_data.h")
-
-    # Setup mocks
-    mock_core.relative_src_path.side_effect = src_path.joinpath
-    mock_core.relative_build_path.side_effect = build_path.joinpath
-    mock_core.defines = []
-    mock_core.config_hash = 0xDEADBEEF  # Different from existing
-    mock_core.comment = ""
-    mock_core.target_platform = "test_platform"
-    mock_core.config = {}
-    mock_iter_components.return_value = []
-    mock_walk_files.return_value = []
-
-    with (
-        patch("esphome.writer.__version__", "2025.1.0-dev"),
-        patch("esphome.writer.importlib.import_module") as mock_import,
-    ):
-        mock_import.side_effect = AttributeError
-        copy_src_tree()
-
-    # Verify build_info files were updated due to config_hash change
-    assert build_info_h_path.exists()
-    build_info_cpp_path = esphome_core_path / "build_info_data.cpp"
-    assert build_info_cpp_path.exists()
-    new_content = build_info_cpp_path.read_text()
-    assert "0xdeadbeef" in new_content.lower()
-
-    new_json = json.loads(build_info_json_path.read_text())
-    assert new_json["config_hash"] == 0xDEADBEEF
+    # Second run only regenerates if the hash comparison detects the change
+    mock_core.config_hash = 0xC0FFEE
+    _run_copy_src_tree()
+    assert json.loads(build_info_json_path.read_text())["config_hash"] == 0xC0FFEE
 
 
 @patch("esphome.writer.CORE")
@@ -2114,104 +2128,93 @@ def test_copy_src_tree_detects_version_change(
     mock_core: MagicMock,
     tmp_path: Path,
 ) -> None:
-    """Test copy_src_tree detects when esphome_version changes."""
-    # Setup directory structure
-    src_path = tmp_path / "src"
-    src_path.mkdir()
-    esphome_core_path = src_path / "esphome" / "core"
-    esphome_core_path.mkdir(parents=True)
-    build_path = tmp_path / "build"
-    build_path.mkdir()
-
-    # Create existing build_info.json with different version
-    build_info_json_path = build_path / "build_info.json"
-    build_info_json_path.write_text(
-        json.dumps(
-            {
-                "config_hash": 0xDEADBEEF,
-                "build_time": 1700000000,
-                "build_time_str": "2023-11-14 22:13:20 +0000",
-                "esphome_version": "2024.12.0",  # Old version
-            }
-        )
+    """A changed esphome_version regenerates build_info after a steady-state run."""
+    build_info_json_path = _setup_build_info_mocks(
+        mock_core, mock_iter_components, mock_walk_files, tmp_path
     )
-
-    # Create existing build_info_data.h
-    build_info_h_path = esphome_core_path / "build_info_data.h"
-    build_info_h_path.write_text("// old build_info_data.h")
-
-    # Setup mocks
-    mock_core.relative_src_path.side_effect = src_path.joinpath
-    mock_core.relative_build_path.side_effect = build_path.joinpath
-    mock_core.defines = []
-    mock_core.config_hash = 0xDEADBEEF
-    mock_core.comment = ""
-    mock_core.target_platform = "test_platform"
-    mock_core.config = {}
-    mock_iter_components.return_value = []
-    mock_walk_files.return_value = []
-
-    with (
-        patch("esphome.writer.__version__", "2025.1.0-dev"),  # New version
-        patch("esphome.writer.importlib.import_module") as mock_import,
-    ):
-        mock_import.side_effect = AttributeError
-        copy_src_tree()
-
-    # Verify build_info files were updated due to version change
-    assert build_info_h_path.exists()
+    # Pin version.h so only the build_info comparison can see the bump
+    with patch("esphome.writer.generate_version_h", return_value="// version.h\n"):
+        _run_copy_src_tree(version="2024.12.0")
+        _run_copy_src_tree(version="2025.1.0-dev")
     new_json = json.loads(build_info_json_path.read_text())
     assert new_json["esphome_version"] == "2025.1.0-dev"
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "damage",
+    (b"invalid json {{{", b"[]", b'\xff{"config_hash": 1}'),
+    ids=("invalid-json", "non-object", "non-utf8"),
+)
+@patch("esphome.writer.CORE")
+@patch("esphome.writer.iter_components")
+@patch("esphome.writer.walk_files")
+def test_copy_src_tree_regenerates_damaged_build_info(
+    mock_walk_files: MagicMock,
+    mock_iter_components: MagicMock,
+    mock_core: MagicMock,
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    damage: bytes,
+) -> None:
+    """A damaged build_info.json reads as stale and is regenerated, not left in place."""
+    build_info_json_path = _setup_build_info_mocks(
+        mock_core, mock_iter_components, mock_walk_files, tmp_path
+    )
+    _run_copy_src_tree()
+    build_info_json_path.write_bytes(damage)
+    # Second run only rewrites the file if the damage branch fires
+    _run_copy_src_tree()
+    new_json = json.loads(build_info_json_path.read_text())
+    assert new_json["config_hash"] == 0xDEADBEEF
+
+
 @patch("esphome.writer.CORE")
 @patch("esphome.writer.iter_components")
 @patch("esphome.writer.walk_files")
-def test_copy_src_tree_handles_invalid_build_info_json(
+def test_copy_src_tree_missing_build_info_rebuilds_quietly(
     mock_walk_files: MagicMock,
     mock_iter_components: MagicMock,
     mock_core: MagicMock,
     tmp_path: Path,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
 ) -> None:
-    """Test copy_src_tree handles invalid build_info.json gracefully."""
-    # Setup directory structure
-    src_path = tmp_path / "src"
-    src_path.mkdir()
-    esphome_core_path = src_path / "esphome" / "core"
-    esphome_core_path.mkdir(parents=True)
-    build_path = tmp_path / "build"
-    build_path.mkdir()
+    """An absent build_info.json regenerates without claiming damage."""
+    build_info_json_path = _setup_build_info_mocks(
+        mock_core, mock_iter_components, mock_walk_files, tmp_path
+    )
+    _run_copy_src_tree()
+    build_info_json_path.unlink()
+    _run_copy_src_tree()
+    assert json.loads(build_info_json_path.read_text())["config_hash"] == 0xDEADBEEF
+    assert "unreadable" not in caplog.text
 
-    # Create invalid build_info.json
-    build_info_json_path = build_path / "build_info.json"
+
+@patch("esphome.writer.CORE")
+@patch("esphome.writer.iter_components")
+@patch("esphome.writer.walk_files")
+def test_copy_src_tree_unremovable_damaged_build_info_is_logged(
+    mock_walk_files: MagicMock,
+    mock_iter_components: MagicMock,
+    mock_core: MagicMock,
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A failed unlink of the damaged file names the real cause."""
+    build_info_json_path = _setup_build_info_mocks(
+        mock_core, mock_iter_components, mock_walk_files, tmp_path
+    )
+    _run_copy_src_tree()
     build_info_json_path.write_text("invalid json {{{")
+    real_unlink = Path.unlink
 
-    # Create existing build_info_data.h
-    build_info_h_path = esphome_core_path / "build_info_data.h"
-    build_info_h_path.write_text("// old build_info_data.h")
+    def fail_on_build_info(self: Path, missing_ok: bool = False) -> None:
+        if self.name == "build_info.json":
+            raise OSError("simulated EACCES")
+        real_unlink(self, missing_ok=missing_ok)
 
-    # Setup mocks
-    mock_core.relative_src_path.side_effect = src_path.joinpath
-    mock_core.relative_build_path.side_effect = build_path.joinpath
-    mock_core.defines = []
-    mock_core.config_hash = 0xDEADBEEF
-    mock_core.comment = ""
-    mock_core.target_platform = "test_platform"
-    mock_core.config = {}
-    mock_iter_components.return_value = []
-    mock_walk_files.return_value = []
-
-    with (
-        patch("esphome.writer.__version__", "2025.1.0-dev"),
-        patch("esphome.writer.importlib.import_module") as mock_import,
-    ):
-        mock_import.side_effect = AttributeError
-        copy_src_tree()
-
-    # Verify build_info files were created despite invalid JSON
-    assert build_info_h_path.exists()
-    new_json = json.loads(build_info_json_path.read_text())
-    assert new_json["config_hash"] == 0xDEADBEEF
+    with patch.object(Path, "unlink", fail_on_build_info):
+        _run_copy_src_tree()
+    assert "Could not remove unreadable build_info.json" in caplog.text
+    assert json.loads(build_info_json_path.read_text())["config_hash"] == 0xDEADBEEF
 
 
 @patch("esphome.writer.CORE")
@@ -2462,3 +2465,39 @@ def test_copy_src_tree_ignores_removed_generated_file(
     # file was removed and regenerated, not that it triggered sources_changed.
     new_json = json.loads(build_info_json_path.read_text())
     assert new_json["config_hash"] == 0xDEADBEEF
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("case", "content", "expected"),
+    [
+        ("files missing", None, True),
+        ("json missing", "ABSENT", True),
+        ("json unreadable", "not json", True),
+        # Valid JSON that is not an object is stale, not an AttributeError
+        ("json not an object", "[]", True),
+        ("hash mismatch", {"config_hash": 2, "esphome_version": "CURRENT"}, True),
+        ("version mismatch", {"config_hash": 1, "esphome_version": "0.0.0"}, True),
+        ("matching record", {"config_hash": 1, "esphome_version": "CURRENT"}, False),
+    ],
+)
+def test_build_info_stale_branches(
+    tmp_path: Path, case: str, content, expected: bool
+) -> None:
+    """Missing files, an unreadable JSON, a hash or version mismatch each
+    regenerate; a matching record does not."""
+    from esphome.const import __version__
+    from esphome.writer import _build_info_stale
+
+    h = tmp_path / "build_info_data.h"
+    cpp = tmp_path / "build_info_data.cpp"
+    info = tmp_path / "build_info.json"
+    if content is not None:
+        h.write_text("")
+        cpp.write_text("")
+    if isinstance(content, dict):
+        if content.get("esphome_version") == "CURRENT":
+            content["esphome_version"] = __version__
+        info.write_text(json.dumps(content))
+    elif isinstance(content, str) and content != "ABSENT":
+        info.write_text(content)
+    assert _build_info_stale(h, cpp, info, 1) is expected, case
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_yaml_util.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_yaml_util.py
index e0a81652e3..8e1f9c25c0 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_yaml_util.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_yaml_util.py
@@ -701,6 +701,31 @@ def test_include_file_has_unresolved_expressions(
     assert include.has_unresolved_expressions() == expected
 
 
+def test_mapping_include_non_string_file_rejected(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """The mapping !include form rejects a non-string 'file' with a clear error."""
+    entry = tmp_path / "entry.yaml"
+    entry.write_text("wifi: !include\n  file: [not, a, string]\n")
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="Include 'file' must be a string"):
+        yaml_util.load_yaml(entry)
+
+
+def test_include_file_templated_filename_stays_raw_string(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A templated filename keeps its verbatim text (issue #18545)."""
+    parent = tmp_path / "main.yaml"
+    expr = '${ "bluetooth/proxy.yaml" if enable_bluetooth_proxy else "../empty.yaml" }'
+    include = yaml_util.IncludeFile(parent, expr, None, lambda _: {})
+    assert include.file == expr
+    assert include.has_unresolved_expressions()
+    assert repr(include) == f"IncludeFile({expr})"
+
+
+def test_represent_include_file_templated() -> None:
+    """Dumping a templated IncludeFile emits the raw expression unchanged."""
+    expr = '${ "a/b.yaml" if flag else "../c.yaml" }'
+    include = yaml_util.IncludeFile(Path("/fake/main.yaml"), expr, None, lambda _: {})
+    assert yaml_util.dump({"key": include}) == f"key: !include '{expr}'\n"
+
+
 def test_include_in_list_context() -> None:
     """!include of a file returning a list is handled correctly,
     including when that list itself contains a nested IncludeFile."""
@@ -1051,7 +1076,7 @@ class _StubInclude:
     ) -> None:
         # Default parent lives in a nonexistent directory so unresolved
         # stubs never glob real files during candidate expansion.
-        self.file = Path(file)
+        self.file = file
         self.parent_file = parent_file or Path("/nonexistent/parent.yaml")
         self._unresolved = unresolved
         self._load_result = load_result if load_result is not None else {}
@@ -1681,6 +1706,53 @@ def test_dump_path_dotdot_reference_outside_anchor() -> None:
     assert output.strip() == "file: ../shared/font.ttf"
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "data_dir",
+    [
+        pytest.param(Path("/config/.esphome"), id="cli"),
+        pytest.param(Path("/data"), id="addon"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_dump_path_under_data_dir_uses_default_location(data_dir: Path) -> None:
+    """Test that Path values under data_dir dump as .esphome/<rest> for any layout."""
+    anchor = Path("/config").absolute()
+    path = data_dir.absolute() / "image" / "c44630d6"
+    output = yaml_util.dump(
+        {"file": path}, relative_to=anchor, data_dir=data_dir.absolute()
+    )
+    assert output.strip() == "file: .esphome/image/c44630d6"
+
+
+def test_dump_path_equal_to_data_dir() -> None:
+    """Test that the data dir itself dumps as .esphome, matching the default layout."""
+    anchor = Path("/config").absolute()
+    data_dir = Path("/data").absolute()
+    output = yaml_util.dump({"dir": data_dir}, relative_to=anchor, data_dir=data_dir)
+    assert output.strip() == "dir: .esphome"
+    default = yaml_util.dump(
+        {"dir": anchor / ".esphome"}, relative_to=anchor, data_dir=anchor / ".esphome"
+    )
+    assert default == output
+
+
+def test_dump_path_outside_data_dir_still_relative_to_anchor() -> None:
+    """Test that data_dir does not affect paths that are not under it."""
+    anchor = Path("/config").absolute()
+    path = anchor / "fonts" / "arial.ttf"
+    output = yaml_util.dump(
+        {"file": path}, relative_to=anchor, data_dir=Path("/data").absolute()
+    )
+    assert output.strip() == "file: fonts/arial.ttf"
+
+
+def test_dump_path_data_dir_without_relative_to_is_unchanged() -> None:
+    """Test that data_dir alone does not change the output."""
+    data_dir = Path("/data").absolute()
+    path = data_dir / "image" / "c44630d6"
+    output = yaml_util.dump({"file": path}, data_dir=data_dir)
+    assert output.strip() == f"file: {path}"
+
+
 def test_dump_relative_to_does_not_leak_between_calls() -> None:
     """Test that the relative_to flag is scoped to a single dump call."""
     anchor = Path("/config/esphome").absolute()
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_zephyr_library.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_zephyr_library.py
index b370fe0c47..765e505c38 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_zephyr_library.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_zephyr_library.py
@@ -66,6 +66,34 @@ def test_generate_cmakelists_txt_flags_and_includes(tmp_path):
     assert "-lm" in out
 
 
+def test_generate_cmakelists_txt_escapes_embedded_quotes(tmp_path):
+    """A define value carrying a literal quote (reachable via the lex
+    round-trip) survives as an escaped quote, not a broken CMake string."""
+    c = _make_component(tmp_path)
+    (tmp_path / "src").mkdir()
+    (tmp_path / "src" / "a.c").write_text("")
+    c.data = {"build": {"flags": ['-DMSG=\\"hi\\"']}}
+
+    out = generate_cmakelists_txt(c)
+    assert '"-DMSG=\\"hi\\""' in out
+
+
+def test_generate_cmakelists_txt_lexes_spaced_flags(tmp_path):
+    """A spaced -I entry routes to include dirs instead of landing verbatim
+    in compile options; same shared lexer as the espidf emitter."""
+    c = _make_component(tmp_path)
+    (tmp_path / "src").mkdir()
+    (tmp_path / "src" / "a.c").write_text("")
+    (tmp_path / "include").mkdir()
+    c.data = {"build": {"flags": "-I include -DBAR=1"}}
+
+    out = generate_cmakelists_txt(c)
+
+    assert str((tmp_path / "include").resolve()).replace("\\", "\\\\") in out
+    assert "-DBAR=1" in out
+    assert "-I include" not in out
+
+
 def test_generate_zephyr_modules_collects_all_dirs_and_writes(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
     # Two converted libraries: one top-level, one transitive dependency. The
     # converter calls backend.emit for both; generate_zephyr_modules must return