[api] Add outgoing connections so the device can dial Home Assistant (or anything that implements native API) (#18919)

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci-lite[bot] <117423508+pre-commit-ci-lite[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

tests/components/api/test-outgoing-connection.bk72xx-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+packages:
+  common: !include common.yaml
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+# Outgoing connection on the lwip_sockets implementation used by LibreTiny
+api:
+  outgoing_connection:
+    host: 192.168.1.2

tests/components/api/test-outgoing-connection.esp32-idf.yaml

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+packages:
+  common: !include common.yaml
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+# Outgoing connection: the device dials out when no dial-back client is
+# connected. Requires encryption so the peer is verified by key.
+api:
+  outgoing_connection:
+    host: 192.168.1.2
+    port: 6054
+    delay: 60s

tests/components/api/test-outgoing-connection.esp8266-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+packages:
+  common: !include common.yaml
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+# Outgoing connection on the raw lwip_tcp implementation used by ESP8266 and RP2040
+api:
+  outgoing_connection:
+    host: 192.168.1.2

tests/components/api/test-outgoing-connection.host.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+packages:
+  common: !include common.yaml
+
+network:
+
+# No host set: the device dials the last remembered Home Assistant address
+api:
+  outgoing_connection:
+    delay: 30s

tests/components/api/test-outgoing-connection.rp2040-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+packages:
+  common: !include common.yaml
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+# Outgoing connection on the raw lwip_tcp implementation used by ESP8266 and RP2040
+api:
+  outgoing_connection:
+    host: 192.168.1.2