diff --git a/CODEOWNERS b/CODEOWNERS
index 13fae0664b..7bb7f310a3 100644
--- a/CODEOWNERS
+++ b/CODEOWNERS
@@ -131,6 +131,7 @@ esphome/components/cst816/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/cst9220/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/ct_clamp/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/current_based/* @djwmarcx
+esphome/components/d01/* @ch604
 esphome/components/dac7678/* @NickB1
 esphome/components/daikin_arc/* @MagicBear
 esphome/components/daikin_brc/* @hagak
diff --git a/esphome/components/d01/__init__.py b/esphome/components/d01/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/esphome/components/d01/d01.cpp b/esphome/components/d01/d01.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f7a0c08ec4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/d01/d01.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#include "d01.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+// uart specification for d01 sensor from https://manuals.plus/ae/1005006417362019:
+//
+// A frame of serial output data includes 4 bytes, formatted as follows:
+// __Characteristic byte: Fixed value 0xA5.
+// __Data byte: DATAH is the high 7 bits of the concentration value, and DATAL is the low 7 bits of the concentration
+// value.
+// __Check byte: The low 7 bits of the sum of all bytes before the check byte.
+//
+// If the serial output is 4 bytes of data: 0*A5 0*01 0*2C 0*52, then DATAH = 0*01 = 1, DATAL = 0*2C = 44.
+// Concentration value = 1*128 + 44 = 172 µg/m³.
+//
+// The PM2.5 dust concentration value obtained from the dust sensor needs to be calibrated with a K value coefficient
+// based on the TSI instrument's photometric method. It is generally recommended to use 0.4.
+
+namespace esphome::d01 {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "d01";
+
+static const uint8_t D01_FRAME_HEADER = 0xA5;
+
+void D01SensorComponent::dump_config() { LOG_SENSOR("  ", "D01 PM2.5", this); }
+
+void D01SensorComponent::loop() {
+  uint8_t buf[4];
+  while (this->available() >= 4) {
+    if (this->peek() != D01_FRAME_HEADER) {
+      this->read();
+      continue;
+    }
+    this->read_array(buf, 4);
+    uint8_t sum = (buf[0] + buf[1] + buf[2]) & 0x7F;
+    if (sum != buf[3]) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "checksum mismatch");
+      continue;
+    }
+    uint16_t latest_concentration = (buf[1] & 0x7F) * 128 + (buf[2] & 0x7F);
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Unadjusted PM2.5 Concentration: %d µg/m³", latest_concentration);
+    this->publish_state(latest_concentration);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::d01
diff --git a/esphome/components/d01/d01.h b/esphome/components/d01/d01.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..73c7a8711d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/d01/d01.h
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
+#include "esphome/components/uart/uart.h"
+
+namespace esphome::d01 {
+
+class D01SensorComponent final : public sensor::Sensor, public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
+ public:
+  void dump_config() override;
+  void loop() override;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::d01
diff --git a/esphome/components/d01/sensor.py b/esphome/components/d01/sensor.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5bc5a4e424
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/d01/sensor.py
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import sensor, uart
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    DEVICE_CLASS_PM25,
+    ICON_BLUR,
+    STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+    UNIT_MICROGRAMS_PER_CUBIC_METER,
+)
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+CODEOWNERS = ["@ch604"]
+DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+
+d01_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("d01")
+D01SensorComponent = d01_ns.class_(
+    "D01SensorComponent", sensor.Sensor, uart.UARTDevice, cg.Component
+)
+
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    sensor.sensor_schema(
+        D01SensorComponent,
+        unit_of_measurement=UNIT_MICROGRAMS_PER_CUBIC_METER,
+        icon=ICON_BLUR,
+        accuracy_decimals=0,
+        device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_PM25,
+        state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+    )
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(uart.UART_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
+)
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
+    "d01",
+    baud_rate=9600,
+    require_rx=True,
+    require_tx=False,
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/tests/components/d01/common.yaml b/tests/components/d01/common.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b59ec06ff0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/d01/common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: d01
+    name: D01 PM2.5 Concentration
diff --git a/tests/components/d01/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/d01/test.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b658bfbede
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/d01/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+substitutions:
+  tx_pin: GPIO4
+  rx_pin: GPIO5
+
+packages:
+  uart: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart/esp32-idf.yaml
+  d01: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/d01/test.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/d01/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..876615ae9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/d01/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+substitutions:
+  tx_pin: GPIO0
+  rx_pin: GPIO2
+
+packages:
+  uart: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart/esp8266-ard.yaml
+  d01: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/d01/test.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/d01/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..00ed175b42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/d01/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+substitutions:
+  tx_pin: GPIO4
+  rx_pin: GPIO5
+
+packages:
+  uart: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart/rp2040-ard.yaml
+  d01: !include common.yaml